Full download ebook at ebookmass.

com

Romantic Empiricism: Nature, Art, and Ecology from

Herder to Humboldt Dalia Nassar

For dowload this book click link below

https://ebookmass.com/product/romantic-empiricism-
nature-art-and-ecology-from-herder-to-humboldt-
dalia-nassar/

OR CLICK BUTTON

DOWLOAD EBOOK

Download more ebook from https://ebookmass.com

More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...

Thermofluids: From Nature to Engineering Ting

https://ebookmass.com/product/thermofluids-from-nature-to-
engineering-ting/

The Testimony of Sense: Empiricism and the Essay from

Hume to Hazlitt Tim Milnes

https://ebookmass.com/product/the-testimony-of-sense-empiricism-
and-the-essay-from-hume-to-hazlitt-tim-milnes/

Border Ecology: Art and Environmental Crisis at the

Margins Ila Nicole Sheren

https://ebookmass.com/product/border-ecology-art-and-
environmental-crisis-at-the-margins-ila-nicole-sheren/

Aristotle's Empiricism Marc Gasser-Wingate

https://ebookmass.com/product/aristotles-empiricism-marc-gasser-
wingate/
From Art to Marketing: The Relevance of Authenticity to
Contemporary Consumer Culture Marta Massi

https://ebookmass.com/product/from-art-to-marketing-the-
relevance-of-authenticity-to-contemporary-consumer-culture-marta-
massi/

Learning to Look. Dispatches from the Art World Alva

Noë

https://ebookmass.com/product/learning-to-look-dispatches-from-
the-art-world-alva-noe/

Interdisciplinary Insights from the Plague of Cyprian:

Pathology, Epidemiology, Ecology and History Mark Orsag

https://ebookmass.com/product/interdisciplinary-insights-from-
the-plague-of-cyprian-pathology-epidemiology-ecology-and-history-
mark-orsag/

Working from Within: The Nature and Development of

Quine’s Naturalism Sander Verhaegh

https://ebookmass.com/product/working-from-within-the-nature-and-
development-of-quines-naturalism-sander-verhaegh/

Logical Empiricism as Scientific Philosophy Alan

Richardson

https://ebookmass.com/product/logical-empiricism-as-scientific-
philosophy-alan-richardson/
Romantic Empiricism
Romantic Empiricism
Nature, Art, and Ecology from
Herder to Humboldt

DA L IA NA S S A R

1
 3
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers
the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education
by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University
Press in the UK and certain other countries.

Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press

198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.

© Oxford University Press 2022

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in

a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the
prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted
by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction
rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the
above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the
address above.

You must not circulate this work in any other form

and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2022934456

ISBN 978–​0–​19–​009543–​7

DOI: 10.1093/​oso/​9780190095437.001.0001

1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
Printed by Integrated Books International, United States of America
For Clara
No one is prepared to grasp that, both in nature and in art,
the sole and supreme process is the creation of form.
J. W. von Goethe
 Contents

Acknowledgments  xi
Abbreviations  xiii
Note on Referencing  xvii

Introduction: Finding Romantic Empiricism  1

I .1 The Idea of Romantic Empiricism  1
I.2 Mapping the Terrain: Romantic Empiricism in Context  2
I.3 Romantic Empiricism: Methodology and Goals  5
I.4 Kant and Romantic Empiricism  6
I.5 Herder, Goethe, and Humboldt  9
1. Setting the Stage: Kant and the Critique of the Power
of Judgment  13
1 .1 Reflecting Judgment: A First Look  15
1.2 The Analogical Structure of Teleological Judgment  22
1.3 The Place of Analogy in the Eighteenth Century  28
1.4 Kant’s Critique of Analogy  33
1.5 The Inexplicability of Organization  36
1.6 The Antinomy of Teleological Judgment  43
1.7 Teleological Judgment, Intuitive Understanding, and the
Goals of Science  49
2. The Hermeneutics of Nature: Herder on Animal and
Human Worlds  53
2 .1 The Problem with “Nature”  55
2.2 Nature’s Many Directions  57
2.3 Herder’s Hermeneutics  60
2.4 Human and Animal Languages  67
2.5 The Analogical Structure of Cognition  77
2.6 Herder’s Naturalism  82
2.7 A Dynamic Conception of Nature  84
3. The Science of Describing: Herder, Goethe, and the Hauptform  86
3 .1 Force versus Form: Historical Perspectives  89
3.2 Herder and the Hauptform  91
3.3 Goethe and the Intermaxillary Bone  96
3.4 Description, Explanation, and Necessity  102
x Contents

4. Aesthetic Education and the Transformation of the Scientist  104

4 .1 Problems of Knowledge: A First Look  107
4.2 Goethe’s Aesthetic Education  110
4.3 Naturegemäße Darstellung  116
4.4 The Structure and Aims of The Metamorphosis of Plants  119
4.5 The Question of “Seeing”  127
4.6 Mediating Elements  131
4.7 The Poetic Metamorphosis of the Plant  137
5. Intuitive Judgment and Goethe’s Ethics of Knowledge  146
5 .1 Intuitive Judgment  149
5.2 The Urphänomen  154
5.3 Schiller on the Urphänomen and Rational Empiricism  163
5.4 Goethe’s Environmental Ethics and the Source of Responsibility  166
6. Organism and Environment: The Aesthetic Foundations of
Humboldt’s Ecological Insight  176
6.1 Thinking Observation: Goethe and the Origins of Humboldt’s
Methodology  179
6.2 External Teleology: Kant’s Either/​Or  185
6.3 Conditions Rather Than Causes: Goethe’s Critique of
External Teleology  187
6.4 The Urformen of Plants: Capturing the Trees and the Forest  192
6.5 Plant Forms and Contexts  197
6.6 The Physiognomy of Plants: The Physiognomy of Nature  206
6.7 Humboldt’s Ecological Insight  210
7. Embodied Cognition: Humboldt and the Art of Science  212
7 .1 “Truth to Nature”: Humboldt’s Understanding of Truth in Art  217
7.2 Poetry versus Painting: Lessing, Schiller, and Humboldt  223
7.3 Embodied Landscapes: Schiller’s “Walk” and Humboldt’s Views  228
7.4 Steppes, Deserts, Jungles, and Waterfalls: Humboldt’s Embodied
Aesthetics  232
7.5 The Ecological Significance of Embodied Aesthetics  237
7.6 The Moral Significance of Embodied Aesthetics  241
Conclusion: The Relevance of Romantic Empiricism  245

Notes  249
Works Cited  287
Index  299
 Acknowledgments

There are many people and organizations who have played a crucial role in
the development of this book. I want first to acknowledge the Australian
Research Council, Discovery Project DP160103769 (2016–​ 2018), the
Humboldt Foundation grant for experienced researchers (2019–​2020), and
the Sydney Social Sciences and Humanities Advanced Research Council,
Ultimate Peer Review grant (2018).
I also want to acknowledge a number of highly innovative and re-
search initiatives at the University of Sydney, which have allowed me to
deepen and expand my work in unexpected and exciting ways: Sydney
Intellectual History Network, Theories and Conceptions of Life from the
19th Century to the Present, and the Multi-​Species Justice research in-
itiative. In this regard, I especially want to thank Danielle Celermajer,
Stephen Gaukroger, Daniela Helbig, Jennifer Milam, Cat Moir, David
Schlosberg, Michelle St. Anne, Dinesh Wadiwel, Thom van Dooren, Anik
Waldow, Christine Winter, and Genevieve Wright. There is no doubt
that this book has been shaped by the workshops, reading groups, and
conversations that I have had with them over the years.
I also wish to thank the many wonderful thinkers from whose work I’ve
learned and whose penetrating feedback has nudged me in new directions:
Iain McCalman, Monica Gagliano, Sebastian Gardner, Moira Gatens,
Craig Holdrege, Nigel Hoffmann, Simon Lumsden, Jennifer Mensch,
Lydia Moland, Paul Redding, Ulrich Schlösser, Niels Weidtmann, and my
friend and coeditor on other projects, Kristin Gjesdal. I want to thank Eric
Watkins and Clinton Tolley and the PhD students in the history of phi-
losophy colloquium at the University of California, San Diego. Their gen-
erous comments on an early version of the manuscript were immense, and
I am grateful for their continued support. And, last—but not least—I want
to thank Margaret Barbour, whose openness and interest have allowed us
to undertake exciting new research together.
xii Acknowledgments

I am also grateful to many friends, with whom I’ve had some of the best
conversations over the past years, especially Enite Giovanelli, Tanja Rall,
Stefan Rall, and Kristin Funke. I want to thank Anselma Murswiek for per-
mission to use her wonderful painting, and my parents, Rosette and Talal
Nassar. I especially want to thank Luke Fischer, my favorite conversation
partner and most incisive editor.
 Abbreviations

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

FA Sämtliche Werke. Briefe, Tagebücher und Gespräche (Frankfurter Ausgabe).

Edited by H. Birus et al. Frankfurt am Main: Deutscher Klassiker Verlag,
1985–​2003.
HA Werke (Hamburger Ausgabe). Edited by E. Trunz et al. Hamburg: Christian
Wegner Verlag, 1949–​1971.
LA Die Schriften zur Naturwissenschaft (Leopoldina Ausgabe). Edited by
D. Kuhn et al. Weimar: Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger, 1947–​.
MA Sämtliche Werke nach Epochen seines Schaffens (Münchner Ausgabe).
Edited by K. Richter et al. Munich: Carl Hanser, 1985–​1998.
TAG Tagebücher. Edited by W. Albrecht and E. Zehm. Stuttgart: Metzler, 2000.
WA Goethes Werke (Weimarer Ausgabe). Edited by P. Raabe et al.
Weimar: Hermann Böhlau, 1887–​1919.

Johann Gottfried Herder

FHA Werke in zehn Bänden (Frankfurter Ausgabe). Edited by Jürgen Brummack

and Martin Bollacher. Frankfurt am Main: Deutscher Klassiker Verlag,
1985–​2000.
HPW Philosophical Writings. Edited and translated by Michael Forster.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
SW Sämtliche Werke. Edited by Bernard Suphan. Berlin: Weidmann,
1877–​1913.
SWA Selected Writings on Aesthetics. Edited and translated by Gregory Moore.
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.

Alexander von Humboldt

CE 1 Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe. Volume 1. Edited

and translated by E. C. Otté, with an introduction by Nicolaas Rupke.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. [Original: London:
Bohn, 1849–​1851.]
xiv Abbreviations

CE 2 Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe. Volume 2.

Edited and translated by E. C. Otté, with an introduction by Michael
Dettelbach. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997. [Original:
London: Bohn, 1850].
CE 3 Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe. Volume 3.
Edited and translated by E. C. Otté. London: Bohn, 1851.
CE 5 Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe. Volume 5.
Edited and translated by E. C. Otté and W. S. Dallas. London: Bohn, 1858.
DA Darmstädter Ausgabe. Edited with commentary by Hanno Beck.
Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2018.
JB Die Jugendbriefe Alexander von Humboldts 1787–​1799. Edited by Ilse Jahn
and Fritz Lange. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1973.
KNS Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain. Volume 1: A Critical Edition. Edited
with an introduction by Vera M. Kutzinski and Ottmar Ette. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2019.
Kosmos Kosmos. Entwurf einer physischen Weltbeschreibung. Edited by Ottmar
Ette and Oliver Lubrich. Frankfurt am Main: Eichhorn Verlag, 2004.
VN Views of Nature. Edited by Stephen T. Jackson and Laura Dassow
Walls. Translated by Mark W. Person. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 2014.

Alexander von Humboldt and Aimé Bonpland

EGP Essay on the Geography of Plants. Edited with an introduction by Stephen

T. Jackson. Translated (from French) by Sylvie Romanowski. Chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 2009.
PNR Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America,
During the Years 1799–​1804. Edited and translated by Thomasina Ross.
3 volumes. London: Bohm, 1852–​1853.
PNW Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America,
During the Years 1799–​1804. Edited and translated by Helen Maria
Williams. 7 volumes. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and
Brown, 1814–​1829.

Immanuel Kant

AA Gesammelte Schriften. Edited by Preußische Akademie der Wissenschaft.

Berlin: de Gruyter, 1902–​.
 Abbreviations xv

Friedrich Schiller

NA Schillers Werke. Nationalausgabe. Edited by Julius Petersen et al. Weimar:

Hermann Böhlaus Nachfolger, 1943–​2010.

Friedrich von Schlegel

KFSA Kritische Friedrich-​Schlegel-​Ausgabe. Edited by E. Behler, J. J. Anstett, and

H. Eichner. Paderborn: Schöningh, 1958–2006​.
 Note on Referencing

I have mostly used the FA edition of Goethe’s work, as it is more easily acces-
sible than the other editions. However, references to Goethe’s On Morphology
(Zur Morphologie) are to MA, because in this edition the works appear chron-
ologically, according to their date of publication, and not (as is the case in
FA), according to the date on which they were written. I have also referenced
LA or WA in instances where a work does not appear in FA.
With regard to titles of works, I provide the English and German titles
in my first reference, while in all following references I provide only the
English title. In the case of Humboldt, however, I do the opposite: I refer to
the German title (with an English translation in parentheses at the first men-
tion), and only use the German title thereafter, unless I am specifically citing
an English translation of Humboldt’s works. This has to do with the fact that
Humboldt played a role in translating his work—​whether from French to
German, or from German to English—​such that some of the translations
often include passages not in the original, use terms that were not employed
in the original, or offer interpretations that further elucidate ideas expressed
in the original.
 Introduction
Finding Romantic Empiricism

I.1. The Idea of Romantic Empiricism

Romantic empiricism: two words that are not usually placed side by side,
and that seem to suggest opposing philosophical views and tendencies.
Romanticism is often associated with idealism and taken to imply a turn to
the subject and a focus on the subjective conditions of knowledge. The ro-
mantic approach to nature thus tends to be regarded as a form of subjective
constructivism. Furthermore, romanticism is identified with a strong in-
terest in the arts and aesthetic experience. Empiricism, by contrast, is out-
wardly focused and bottom-​up, in its view that all knowledge must begin
with what is seen or experienced. In addition, some forms of empiricism ap-
pear from an idealist perspective to be naive: they underestimate the subject’s
creative role in knowledge, or they do not adequately differentiate between
what is given to the senses and what is known through the understanding.
Finally, contrary to romanticism, empiricism rarely pays attention to the
arts and their epistemic significance. In short: romanticism and empiricism
hardly resemble one another, and to place them side by side is to offer a par-
adox of sorts.
The thesis of this book is that romantic empiricism is not an oxymoron
but refers to a philosophical tradition that deserves renewed attention
today. While the roots of romantic empiricism can be traced back to mid-​
eighteenth-​century France, the tradition achieved its greatest philosoph-
ical sophistication and rigor in Germany in the late eighteenth and early
nineteenth centuries. Inspired by the questions and concerns articulated
by Georges-​Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707–1788) and elaborated by Denis
Diderot (1713–1784), thinkers from Johann Gottfried Herder to Alexander
von Humboldt developed a distinctive methodological approach to the study
of nature—​an approach that drew significantly on the arts and aesthetic ex-
perience. Through this aesthetic science, the romantic empiricists were able

​ ​
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 "Jack me, Deb, if that wasn't the prettiest turn I ever saw!" cried young
Charles, as he manipulated the sheet.

"'Twas half you, Charlie. I must have let her go had you not brought her
up just at the right instant."

"And did Mistress Deborah learn the management of a boat under you,
sir?" asked Claude.

"Mine and my father's."

Claude settled back and tried to bring his mind to other subjects; but for
the moment Deborah had completely fascinated him. He could do nothing
better than compare her to all those other women to whom she was indeed
incomparable, to try to fathom the many expressions he had seen in her eyes,
and seek to determine which was the normal one. And so they left behind the
upper windings of the river and neared at last the wharf of the Trevor place.
The sun hung low over the tree-tops as Deborah stepped from the boat and
held out her hand to Charles.

"Indeed, I am beholden to you. We have never had so beautiful a sail."

"I trust, Mistress Travis, that it will not be the last in which I shall be
permitted to join you?" put in Claude, hastily, as she courtesied to him, and
would have been off.

"I trust not; but the pinnace is not mine. It is with Charles and Dr. Carroll
that you must plead."

So, with that small politeness, Deborah turned towards the shore,
wondering a little why she should have finished so perfect an afternoon in
annoyance with herself and those who had been her companions. She passed
slowly up through the orchard and across the road at the top of the bank. The
plantation grounds seemed utterly deserted. The family must be at supper.
Through the trees she caught a glimpse of the empty portico. Hurrying a
little, she went close to the doorway of a small, vine-covered arbor which
was but rarely used. Nevertheless, to-night, as she passed it, there came the
sound of muffled sobs from within. Deborah halted, hesitated for an instant,
and then entered the little place. Inside it was dusky, but she perceived at
once the glimmer of something white in a corner.

"Who is it?" asked the girl, sharply.

The figure stirred, and perhaps made some attempt to reply; but the only
result was another hoarse sob.

"Lucy! Lucy! what is it?" cried her cousin, running to her quickly. "Nay,
now, pray don't cry so! Is't only Mr. Calvert's going with the commissioners,
so that you mayn't have him to take you to Master Whitney's church? Listen!
Virginia told me she'd go herself with you there."

"Oh, Debby dear, no, it's not that at all now," came more quietly.

"What, then? Try and tell me about it, Lucy. See, you are all crumpled
up. Come out of this horrid place, and tell me about it. Come, now—come."

It was seldom that Lucy Trevor would have refused such persuasion, for
she was a gentle little thing, and loved to be led. Now, however, she resisted
all Deborah's kindly efforts to help her to rise, and only crouched closer in
her corner, shaking with grief. Finally Deborah knelt and took the little
dishevelled figure in her arms. Lucy had clung to her for a second, when a
new voice interrupted them.

"Lucy—are you here?"

Virginia stood in the doorway. Lucy made no answer, but Deborah said:
"Lucy's here, Virginia. What has happened?"

The elder daughter of the Trevors came forward and stood looking down
at the two figures on the ground. "The Reverend George Rockwell has asked
for Lucy's hand. She should be most proud. Come, Lucy, supper is standing,
and the wedding's not till to-morrow. Why do you bear yourself like a child?
Good God, Lucy, do you fancy a woman ever gets the man she loves?"
 CHAPTER IV

Annapolis

The commissioners left Annapolis for Lancaster on the 18th day of June,
which was three days earlier than had been originally planned. After their
departure Governor Bladen sighed with relief, packed up his black satins and
official orders, and hied him to his country-place to recuperate for the fall
sessions. By the 1st of July Annapolis was deserted. All of the old families
had gone to their summer houses up the river or down the bay, and it was
remarked that Dr. Carroll, who chose to stay in town, and Rockwell, whom
he sincerely hated, must bear each other company through the summer. But
Dr. Charles was not yet reduced to the companionship of a Church-of-
England clergyman. He had taken an immense fancy to Claude de Mailly, of
whom he saw as much as Claude would let him. Indeed, he had given the
Frenchman more than one invitation to leave the tavern of Miriam Vawse to
make a permanent abode in his own house, and could not quite understand
why he had been refused. But Claude was well satisfied where he was; and
had there the indispensable feeling of independence. Few guests ever came
to the little tavern after the close of the spring assembly; and, when an
occasional traveller did stop overnight, monsieur ate in his room, went to the
coffee-house, or remained to make acquaintance of the stranger, as he chose.

On sailing for the English colonies it had been Claude's idea to travel
through them, when he arrived, as rapidly as possible, courting what
adventure and danger he could, and to keep his thoughts enough occupied to
crush, as best he might, his hopeless homesickness. But, after living in
Annapolis for a week, he found that it might be a very endurable thing to
exist in Annapolis for a year. The air was different, in this new land. New
thoughts and new occupations had come, after his illness, and he ended at
last by making a very pleasant salute to the Fate which had cast his lines in
these places, determining to take the goods which the gods and Miriam
Vawse provided (at moderate cost), and remain in the little city till
discontent again knocked upon his door. Certainly, he was not lonely.
Through Dr. Carroll and Vincent Trevor he had made acquaintance with
every gentleman, young or old, in the town. They received him extremely
well, though, it must be confessed, some of them balked at his title. "Bah!
Every Frencher's a count!" he heard Mr. Chase cry out one morning at the
market, and thereafter he requested to be presented simply as M. de Mailly
to what men he chanced to meet. Through the influence of Sir Charles he
had been given the freedom of the coffee-house, which was really the
gentlemen's club; and he was asked to the last assembly of the season, which
had taken place just before the departure of the commissioners, and which he
did not attend.

Upon an afternoon of the first week of July, Charles Fairfield, wofully

bored with the weather and the lack of something to do, rode into town at an
early hour with intent to amuse himself at any cost, and a pruriency towards
a stiff sangaree as the beginning of matters. The second want drove him
down Church Street to the coffee-house. On arriving at the jockey-club-
room he found its only occupant to be George Rockwell. The Queen's
clergyman greeted him with great urbanity. How well would Rockwell have
loved his brethren had all of them been knights, and the eldest sons of
wealthy families! The sangaree was quickly forthcoming. He drank with Sir
Charles, and Sir Charles drank with him, and they drank together, till the
weather was of less importance and spirit acted upon spirit with delightful
effect. Then it was that the divine opened a more intimate conversation.

"Charles—my dear Sir Charles—were you aware—ah—of the fact that it

is my hope and my intention—my intention, sir—to have the honor, at some
day not far distant, of becoming, when two events shall have taken place,
your—ah—brother-in-law, as it were?"

"What the—oh yes! Ha! ha! ha! Oh yes! You're after Lucy. To be sure, I
recollect. Lucy! Well, George, I wish you well—you know that. But she
won't have you."

"Won't have me?—Um. Madam Trevor has all but promised her."

"The more fool Madam Trevor.—Oh, I beg pardon. No offence, sir. But,
as I hear, the affections of the lady in question are already engaged."

"Engaged?" The rector looked startled for an instant. Then he recovered

himself. "You have reference, I presume, to that Puritan psalm-singer, John
Whitney. Oh, I'll engage to cure the pretty child of him! She is coy with me
now; excuses herself when I call, has vapors when her mother insists;
refuses to permit me to salute her hand. But I have no fear, Sir Charles.
Consider my position. I shall get her, have no fear."

"Still, I have observed that she attends your rival's church," remarked Sir
Charles, maliciously.

The rector emptied a glass. "If you'd but help me there," he said.

"I help you! Damme, what can I do, George?"

"Since Benedict Calvert left the city 'tis Mistress Virginia, your future
wife, who takes her sister to the Puritan meetings. Now, Fairfield, if you—if
you would be so monstrous obliging as to speak a word to your young lady
in—ah—my favor, I'd be forever beholden to you."

Sir Charles laughed unpleasantly. "Lord, Master Rockwell, d' ye think

I'm married yet? What possible right have I to address my cousin on any
subject but—the one I most avoid with her?"

"The one you most avoid? And what, pray, is that?"

"The tender matter of love, George. Love and Virginia are—well—

strangers in my heart."

"Good Heavens! Are you not, then, to wed the lady?"

"Damme, my good fellow, I don't know! I would to Heaven I did know

—the state of another person's affections."

"Another! Oho! Aha! Another—truly this is gallantry! In my ear, I beg,

whisper the name."

"The name? There's only one woman's name in the world," cried Sir
Charles, dramatically, a little overbalanced with the sangaree. "Deborah!
Deborah! Deborah! 'Tis she, the fairest petticoat in the colony. D'ye hear?"
 "I've heard that she was dangerous," responded Rockwell, chuckling
with interest. "But is it true, is it possible, Charlie, that you are bewitched
enough by this young—hum—Pomona—by this young Pomona, to be
indifferent to the more glittering charms of Miss Trevor?"

Sir Charles sat him down in a chair and sighed. It was a true love-sigh,
such as there could be no mistaking in those days. "I love her to distraction,"
was his inadequate observation.

"Now I wonder," reflected the rector, aloud, "I wonder if, in such case,
distraction and marriage are terms synonymous?" He lifted his head,
scratched his large neck delicately with his finger-nail, and regarded the
young man from that height with humorous serenity.

"Devil take me—how can I, George? They expect me to take the other—
Virginia. And there's the dower—and my aunt's favor—and my own
dependence—and, egad, I don't know!"

"Then you won't marry her, eh?"

Fairfield grew a little red. "I must. She's a kind of cousin, too, you
know."

"Oh, tut! A difficult matter. Hum!—Ha!—When—a—you are prepared

to assist me in getting Mistress Lucy, my services, or, rather, one of them, is
at yours."

"The marriage? Oh—St. Quentin 'ud do that. He—"

"Not St. Quentin's service, or—one that he would not perform."

"Eh? What are you getting to, Rockwell?"

The divine advanced with large solemnity to where the young man sat,
bent over him, and said, in a broad whisper: "Now look you, Fairfield,
there's a certain ceremony of which the law takes no count, certain words
being left out.—A lady would accept it—" He stepped back a pace. "When
you desire such a service, terms might be got at between us. Once in
England with your bride, the marriage growing cold—" he waved his hand,
shook his head, and so finished the proposition.

Sir Charles gave him a long look. The color had left his face. He rose
slowly, turned his back for a moment, and took a pinch of snuff. As he faced
the other again he remarked, without much expression: "What a cool-headed
beast you are, Rockwell."

"Sir!"

"Yes. But don't fight me to-day. That service—" he stopped, unwilling to

go on.

"You may want it yet," finished the rector, insinuatingly.

But Fairfield did not commit himself. Before he had a chance to reply a
servant of the house opened the door.

"Beg pardon, sirs, but young Mr. Carroll and Mr.—the Frencher, are
below, and, not being regulars—"

"Yes, yes, show them up at once," cried the lieutenant, with relief in his
tone.

The servant disappeared, and George Rockwell turned upon his heel. He
was not a little irritated at the result of the foregoing conversation, and he
remained silent till quick steps sounded on the stairs outside, the door
reopened vigorously, and young Charles, with de Mailly at his shoulder,
gayly entered the room, bringing with them a new atmosphere.

"Good-day, Fairfield! Good-day, Mr. Rockwell!—Faith, you both look

wofully! Is the sangaree ill made?"

The boy was in a gale of spirits, and ran about the room tasting of the
liquor, looking down out of the window, and laughing at the three others.
Claude saluted the gentlemen more quietly, observing to Sir Charles:

"I perceive that we have interrupted you. I crave pardon. I sent the man
to see if you were disengaged."
 "You are mistaken, monsieur. I assure you, in my turn, that your arrival
could not have been more agreeable.—Confound it, Charles, have you a
megrim or a frenzy? Where have you been, sir?"

"To a cock-fight in the Prince George Street pit. You should have been
with us. Captain Jordan's bird against Jack Marshe's. Jack's died. The
secretary will be in a rage. I won three pounds, though."

"You see, it was the first I had witnessed," explained de Mailly.

"Devil take me, why didn't you hunt me out, Charles? I've been eternally
bored for a week.—You lost to him, de Mailly?"

Claude nodded. "As he said, a small bet—seventy-five francs."

Fairfield looked at him curiously. Three pounds did not seem to him
small for a cockpit wager; but he would not have voiced this idea to the
foreigner for double the amount. He turned again to young Charles.

"Odds my life, Charlie, you've been drinking. What's it mean? Where's

your tutor?"

Carroll laughed joyously. "Shooting plover in the west marsh with father.
I've a holiday, and M. de Mailly is making it with me."

Rockwell frowned rather ill-humoredly, as though a preachment lay upon

his tongue, and Sir Charles was about to speak again, when from below
came the trampling of horses' hoofs and a little chorus of voices, while
Carroll cried from the window: "Vincent Trevor, William Paca, and Carleton
Jennings! They've stopped here."

"Ah—they'll be up presently. Rockwell, will you risk another tankard?

They'll have apple-brandy and Madeira. Vincent scorns rum."

The rector shrugged, vouchsafing no active consent, and after a moment

or two the three young gentlemen clattered into the room. There was a
chorus of greeting, and Trevor introduced young Paca to Claude, who had
not seen him before. Jennings flung himself into a chair, flicking the dust
from his coat-sleeves with a riding-crop. Paca sat upon the long table; and
Vincent, after drawing off his gloves and flinging them, with his hat and
whip, upon a chair, went to the door and called lustily for a decanter of
Madeira with glasses.

"I ordered a sangaree when we were down," observed Jennings to Paca.

"Trevor's thirst is aristocratic, but too small."

"And we'll all drink with you both," put in Fairfield, with sociable
impudence, while Rockwell smiled approval.

"And now for the affair in hand," pursued Jennings, when the party were
seated. "We've a race in prospect, Fairfield, that will take four months' pay to
back."

"Eh! What's that? I back the winning side, of course."

Trevor laughed. "Nay, then, Charlie, will you desert me?"

"Egad, Vin, you're never going to take to racing! You've no stables."

"Castor needs none."

"Castor! Oh! By my life, Vincent, he might do. Vastly fine points,

gentlemen. Rough-bred; but where you'd find a better—"

"He's pledged already, then," observed Jennings to Paca, smiling.

"Why, who will you run against, sir?" asked Rockwell, interested,
despite his ill-humor; for, of all things, he loved the turf.

"Paca's filly, Doris. She's young for my two-year-old; but Will is to enter
her for the fall cup, and wants to give her practice."

"Pretty beast, Doris. I stake on her, I think. Are the dates fixed?"

"No, deuce take it! there's the bother. Trevor has no jockey. Castor will
carry weight, and there's not a rider in town over four and a half stone. Five
would ride him; no less—eh, Vincent?" queried Paca, and Trevor nodded.
 There was a short pause, in the midst of which a servant with the wine
and sangaree appeared. The room drank with Trevor, and two or three
afterwards turned to the pewter mugs which held the planter's favorite
beverage. Claude had been listening intently to the talk concerning the race,
and, his ear being well accustomed to the colonial accent, he had gathered
the gist of all that was said.

"My man, Tom Cree, might know of some fellow who would do for you,
Vincent. I think you could trust him if you cared to look about in that way,"
suggested Paca, after some hesitation.

Vincent bowed. "Certainly I'd trust your man, Will. But I've some
objections to that course. I've no intention of starting stables. I run Castor
merely to try your Doris and test my own animal. I don't want to be known
as deeply interested in the turf. Get a professional rider fastened to you even
by one race, and—poof! You all know what it means."

The group nodded. Vincent Trevor was a man highly respected by all of
them. He was quiet, silent, of excellent judgment, a little given to over-
Toryism, no prig, but holding fast to strong principles. His friends knew his
manner of life, and never expected him to step beyond its bounds. In the
present case they all perceived his position, and his silence was rather
dubious, till Claude de Mailly most unexpectedly broke it.

"This race—it would not be in public?"

"Oh no. Certainly not," responded Sir Charles.

"It would be—on a track, or through the country, à l'anglais?"

"Oh, track, of course—not a steeple-chase—eh, Trevor?" queried

Jennings, and Vincent nodded, looking to de Mailly for more.

"And the leagues—miles, I mean—how many?"

"Track's a mile and a quarter. Shall it be twice round?"

"Castor will hold twice, but would you try Doris so?"
 "Tut, tut, Vincent! Doris isn't china. She'll not break so vastly easy. Egad,
we'll make it three rounds, if you like!"

Vincent smiled. "I did not mean to offend you, Will," he said.

Paca began an apology at once, when Claude interrupted: "If you would
permit me, Mr. Trevor, I will ride your horse for you."

The five men and Charles Carroll sat perfectly still and stared. De
Mailly, beholding their amazement, and not understanding it, burst into an
infectious laugh, at which Sir Charles immediately caught.

"A fine joke, damme, an excellent joke!" he cried.

Claude stopped his laughter at once. "Indeed, gentlemen, it was not a

jest. I was quite in earnest, I beg you to believe," he declared.

"Pray, sir, then why did you laugh? I see nothing to laugh at in so serious
a matter," remarked Rockwell, with an air of injured dignity.

"'Twas my fault, parson," retorted Fairfield, still smiling; for his humor,
though English, was still not yet of the colonial type.

"Then you really make a serious offer to ride Castor in the race?"
demanded young Carroll, curiously.

"I offer. It is for Mr. Trevor to refuse me, if he wishes."

"'Tis not that, monsieur, but you see—it is vastly strange form for a
gentleman to ride a track against a jockey. To be plain, M. de Mailly, since
you are a stranger to our customs—none of us would do such a thing."

Claude smiled and shrugged. "Thank you, sir, I was aware of the English
custom in this case. But I am here to amuse myself. I make you an offer, sir.
Examine my weight and my build, and try my riding before you refuse it."

He stood up for the small group to judge his weight, and this they
proceeded to do with calm assurance and unsparing observation.
 "Not much over five stone, I stake my oath!" remarked Jennings,
measuring the slender figure with his eye.

"A shade over. Might train a little," commented Paca.

"Not much strength," whispered Fairfield, dubiously, to Vincent.

"I shall not be pulling the horse in after the first half-minute," observed
Claude, quietly.

"Ahum—can you ride?" grunted Rockwell, when there came a pause.

De Mailly flushed. "There is a story that when M. de Voltaire was in

London he was asked by a lady if he had ever tried writing verses when he
was in love, as was the custom among English gentlemen."

"Well—what then?" retorted the reverend, irritably.

Claude turned and stared at him with such a mixture of scorn and
laughter in his eyes that Trevor hastily broke in:

"Of course M. de Mailly rides, and, no doubt, excellently. But perhaps it

might not be amiss if he would come out to the plantation in the morning to
try my horse. And if you'll all be there to-morrow by—eleven o'clock, we'll
examine Castor and give him a mount in my paddock to—"

"To see whether my riding is fit for such a speed," added the proposed
jockey, with a mixture of wounded vanity and sarcastic pride. He was
beginning to regret rather bitterly his impulsive and wholly generous offer.
In time he might become accustomed to English manners. Just now they hurt
him more than he would have confessed. His whole early life had been one
which had fostered his natural buoyant impulsiveness of spirit, and had made
him young beyond his years. It had been called his "pose." But that pose,
which was more than half nature, was a singularly unfortunate thing for a
man thrown upon the world, in a strange country, among new manners,
through which he must find his way. And just now, while the Englishmen
concluded various arrangements for their plan, he was struggling with his
temper, and only won the battle when Trevor and Rockwell finally rose to
depart. Vincent was returning to the plantation, and the clergyman, with
Lucy in his mind, purposed accompanying him.

"Coming, Charles?" asked his cousin.

Fairfield hesitated. The plantation held out no special inducement to him.

His blood had been heated, and he was eager for some excitement after a
long period of inertia. "I think not, Vincent, since you have company. If
Jennings, here, cannot put me up for the night, I'll go up to Mrs. Miriam's, or
to Reynolds'."

"I'll ride with you, Trevor. I can cross the river at King's Ferry. My
people will expect me to-night. Our town house is shut."

"Very well. I leave you, then, Charles. You'll ride out in the morning with
M. de Mailly and Carleton."

"Ay, and me, too," called young Carroll after him. "I'll see Castor rode
with the rest of you, and, egad, I'll go to the race as well!"

"We shall be delighted, Charles," replied Vincent, as he left the room.

"Until to-morrow, then. Good-day, sir," said Paca, bowing with courtly
politeness to Claude, who liked him thenceforth.

The four who remained in the jockey-club-room sat silent together for
some moments after they had been left alone. Then Claude, looking at young
Charles, rose.

"Come, Mr. Carroll, since we are making your holiday together, let us go
and finish it with a supper at my inn. You will forgive me, messieurs"—he
turned to Sir Charles and Jennings—"you will forgive me that I do not
propose a party of four. After the excitement of the cock-fight this afternoon,
and my ride for to-morrow, we will make our evening quiet. You might be
perhaps—how do you say—ennuyé—by it. Where shall we join you to-
morrow?" He smiled gently as he beheld the lieutenant regarding him with
knitted brows. Indeed, to Fairfield it seemed that the Frenchman had read his
mind, and was bound to thwart his hopes of arranging a gentleman's night in
Jennings' company.
 "Come, come, monsieur, be more lenient. Dine with us at the 'Blue Balls'
and join us in a game of écarté later."

"Eh, yes!" cried young Charles, eagerly. "'Twould be vastly more fun!"
He pulled de Mailly's sleeve.

"No, no, Charles, not you! It—your father—damme, you ain't out of
school yet, you know," stammered Jennings, voicing Fairfield's thought.

Carroll flushed hot with anger, and Claude bit his lip before he answered,
quietly: "It is impossible that I should dine with you to-night, gentlemen,
though I thank you for your kindness. Mr. Carroll is my guest."

Young Charles looked at him with sulky admiration. He was furious with
Jennings, mortally ashamed of his youth, but still appreciative of de Mailly's
tact. Fairfield, seeing nothing for it but to accept his disappointment
gracefully, rose, seized Jennings by the arm, waved an au revoir to de
Mailly, and with a, "Be at the 'Blue Balls' with your beasts at ten in the
morning, and we'll ride out together," drew his willing companion away to
their favorite night-haunt.

De Mailly looked after them as they passed through the door, and then
stood still for an instant, considering. When he turned again to young
Charles, the boy's face wore a new expression.

"I'm very sorry, monsieur, if I've spoiled your night. I should have gone
home without you."

Claude started forward impulsively, and drew the boy's arm through his
own. "En avant!" he cried, gayly. "Why, Charles, I'd rather you a thousand
times over than any other blood in Annapolis. 'Tis a good race, yours. Your
father is as gallant a gentleman as I have met, and you are his son. Come
then, Charles, we'll drink to you both, to-night, in the oldest Madeira that
Mistress Vawse will sell."

At a quarter to eleven o'clock on the following morning a party of three

drew rein at the portico of the Trevor house. Young Carroll's holiday was
over, and, despite his words to Vincent, he was again under St. Quentin's
pleasant sway. Fairfield and Jennings bore visible traces of their manner of
spending the previous night; but Claude's eyes were as bright as a bird's, his
hand was steady on the bridle, and his nerves had been toned for the coming
trial by a sound night's sleep. A group consisting of Vincent, the four ladies
of his household, Will Paca, and George Rockwell, who, to Lucy's dismay,
had stopped overnight with his host, greeted the new-comers merrily from
the portico. When they had dismounted, and a black had taken their horses,
the whole party proceeded leisurely to the rear of the house, past the small
barn, the quarters, and the tobacco-houses, to the long, narrow stables, where
the many horses for work and pleasure were kept. In front of these stables
was a four-acre paddock, fenced off from the general grounds, and only to be
entered through a wide gate to the south. Two hundred yards behind this
paddock the tobacco-fields began, and the first of them was bounded by a
broad ditch full of water, to be used for irrigation in dry seasons.

As the group passed the slave-quarters, Thompson, the overseer, came

towards them with the key to the stables. And while Trevor, Paca, and
Claude went with him round to the stalls, the rest entered the field itself to
wait. The ladies, all of them more or less curious to watch this test of de
Mailly's horsemanship, stood still in the open gateway, nervous lest the horse
should come too near. In the interval of waiting Rockwell was devoting
himself to Lucy, who received his attentions with a coldness all but rude;
young Jennings talked with Virginia and her mother, who stood a little to one
side; and Fairfield seized the opportunity of conversing in a low tone with
Deborah, who, dressed in yellow and blue, was as pretty as the morning
itself. She stood leaning close against the fence, all ears for Sir Charles, but
not turning her eyes from the closed door of the stable, responding now and
then, half absently, to the very personal remarks of her cavalier. She did not
perceive a sudden, slow rustle at her side, along the very ruffle of her dress;
but suddenly the lieutenant darted forward.

"Good God, Deborah!—Move—"

"What is it?" she cried, startled at his tone.

He was peering along the grass in front of them. "I'd stake my oath
—'twas a water-moccasin," he muttered, half to himself.
 The girl lifted her petticoats with both hands and shrank close to him. "A
water-moccasin! Surely not here—" She stared nervously at the turf, but saw
nothing. The snake, if there had been one, was gone.

"Nay—'tisn't there. Don't be frightened. It was a fancy," he rejoined,

suspicious of his own eyes.

Deborah might have said more or retreated to Madam Trevor, but for the
fact that, at this moment, the stable doors slid open and Castor, with de
Mailly on his back, trotted into the field. Will Paca and Vincent followed
him on foot and made their way over to the party in the gateway.

Castor, first-born of twin foals, and the one who had all the strength and
beauty alike of the two, was an enormous jet-black animal, seventeen hands
high, with a long, swinging step and three paces got from no blooded
ancestors, but merely through one of those accidents sometimes permitted by
the gods. He was an animal fiery enough of temper, and particular about his
riders. Vincent Trevor, indeed, had been dubious about the Frenchman's
ability even to mount him; but as Claude swung into the saddle and took the
reins from the shining black neck, all doubts were forgotten. Castor turned
his head, glanced at the man who sat him so easily, and neighed with
satisfaction. As they trotted together into the paddock Claude rode in the
French fashion, as though he were part of the horse, never rising in the
saddle.

"Egad, he knows how!" observed Rockwell to Madam Trevor, as Castor

came round the field towards them.

"I vow I've seen nothing so pretty," assented that lady, good-humoredly.
"Eh, Lucy?"

"I much prefer the English fashion," retorted Lucy, irritably.

"How d' ye like him, Vincent?" asked his cousin, as the horse broke into
a canter.

"Very well."

"The fellow knows his business, I think," observed Will Paca, dryly.
 "His business!—You don't think—" Trevor raised his brows.

Paca shrugged.

"I protest, Will!" cried Charles Fairfield, warmly. "The man is a

gentleman. I stake my oath on it. I've played with him, and I know."

"Oh—I ask pardon. I did not know your acquaintance was intimate,"
rejoined the other at once, with a proper manner, and Fairfield was satisfied.
At the same time he felt a light touch on his arm, and, turning, he found
Deborah looking at him with a light in her eyes.

"I'm so glad you said it," she whispered. "He is a gentleman."

But, while Fairfield carried her hand to his lips, he felt, in some way, that
her speech had not brought him unmitigated pleasure.

Meantime Claude, who had lost all consciousness of an audience in his

joy at being again upon the back of a fine animal, was increasing the pace of
his steed. The long, light steps multiplied in number, the black hoofs flew
faster yet, till the on-lookers marvelled at the ease of the tremendous speed,
and Will Paca shook his head as he thought of his Doris and her rider.

"I'll give you three lengths start on the track, Will," cried Trevor, as de
Mailly flew by for the fourth time, never moving a hair's-breadth in the
saddle.

"Egad, he'll need it!" put in Sir Charles.

Deborah, her cheeks slightly flushed, moved to one side where she could
watch without interruption. She saw Claude pass the stable and reach the far
corner of the paddock. There something happened. A thing which looked, at
the distance, like a black thread, shot suddenly up from the ground and
struck at Castor's leg as he passed. The horse gave a quick, terrified plunge,
which made de Mailly reel in the saddle, and then the animal, maddened
with fear, started forward like a whirlwind. He had reared completely about
and was running frantically towards the open gateway. At the beginning
there had been a slight scream from Lucy, and now the men, their faces very
pale, pulled the women quickly away from the opening. Deborah moved of
her own accord, her eyes fixed fast on the horse, for she had seen what
started its flight. In an instant horse and rider had flashed, comet-like, out at
the gate, and, as they passed, Deborah knew that de Mailly had looked at
her, and she had seen something very like a smile cross his set lips. Beyond
the gate the horse veered again and made towards the south, in the direction
of the tobacco-fields.
"HORSE AND RIDER HAD FLASHED OUT AT THE GATE"
 Claude saw, with relief, that he had an apparently unobstructed space
before him. It was all that he could do now to keep himself on the horse,
who no longer went at an even gait, but varied his gallop with leaps and
plunges caused by pain. He was utterly beyond all control. Claude lay over
on his back, both hands twisted in the long mane, his eyes half closed,
breathing with some difficulty, but quite sure of himself so long as his way
was clear. Suddenly, however, as he caught a glimpse of the fields beyond,
his heart rose into his throat, and then sank again with a sensation which
made him dizzy. A hundred yards ahead was a twenty-foot ditch of water,
which no living horse could clear. If Castor saw it, and had still sense of his
own, he might turn off. If not, the horse was lost, and Claude himself must
take desperate chances. Many things flashed through his mind in the ensuing
seconds. Most vividly of all the figure of Deborah, as he had seen her a
moment before, stood out before him. Then for one more instant his mind
was a white blank. They were ten yards from the stream now, and the horse
was moving straight on. Mechanically, Claude took his left foot from the
stirrup and swung it over Castor's back. For one frightful instant he lay full
along the animal. Then, not very much aware of what he was doing, he had
let himself over the side, felt solid ground whirl under his feet, and knew that
all was well with him. A moment later he vaguely heard the heavy splash
and the human-like scream that told of the good animal's death. Not very
long after that he was looking into Vincent's face, and, as a brandy flask was
held out to him, he murmured, with as much feeling as he was capable of
just then:

"Monsieur, I shall never be able to express to you my regret. I have not

an idea how it occurred. Believe me—"

But Vincent was actually laughing as he replied: "My dear sir, when a
poisonous snake sends its fangs into your horse's leg, its rider need offer no
excuse for being run away with. And, 'pon my soul, for the sake of learning
how to ride as you have done, I'd sacrifice every beast that ever was stalled
on this place.—Eh, Charlie?"

And from behind came Fairfield's voice, crying heartily, "Egad, when I
am released from the colonies, I'll go and live in a French training-school till
I do learn!"
 It was an hour later, and the excitement was over, when the Reverend
George Rockwell ventured to address Will Paca on the same subject: "To tell
the truth, my dear sir, I confess that I believe there must have been some
truth in your suggestion in the field that our—French friend knew more than
a gentleman does of horses."

Paca turned slowly about and looked at him. There was no answer made
in words; but at times looks are expressive of inexpressible things.

CHAPTER V

Sambo

According to the laws of colonial hospitality, Claude stayed all day and
overnight at the Trevor house. To tell the truth, he was scarcely fit for
removal, for the reaction from his nervous strain sent him, early in the
afternoon, to the chamber prepared for him, from which he emerged at ten
o'clock next morning with many apologies for tardiness on his tongue. He
saw no one, however, to whom to deliver them. The house was deserted.
Finding his way, after a search through the empty hall and parlor, into the
sunny breakfast-room, he discovered there a single place set at the table, and
Adam lounging in the doorway. The slave straightened and saluted him upon
his entrance.

"Sit down, sah—sit down. I'll bring yo' breakfast right away."

Upon this, he darted from the house and disappeared down the path
towards the kitchen, to return in two or three minutes with a large tray upon
which stood a variety of smoking dishes. This he set before the guest, who
proceeded to discuss them with a light appetite. While he ate he pondered,
uneasily, on how he was expected to take his departure. In this matter Adam
came presently to his assistance.
 "Pa'don, Mas' de Mailly, but Mas' Vincent wait this mo'n till nine t' see
you, den he ride out to the fields an' tell me t' say t' he be back fo' dinne' at
noon; ask yo' health den."

"So I'm to stay till this afternoon?" asked Claude, in some surprise.

"Yes, sah," responded the slave, and his prompt tone settled the matter.

Claude, who had quite finished his meal, rose and strolled idly to the
door which looked out upon the garden. At the far end of this, among her
roses, was Madam Trevor. De Mailly did not recognize her at the distance,
but he turned suddenly to the slave who was clearing the table.

"Can you tell me, Adam, where Mistress Travis will be at this hour?"

"Miss Deb? Oh, she's mos' like at de still-room." He went over to the
door. "See li'l house dere cross the ya'd? She's mos' like dere."

"Thank you." Claude nodded to the man and went out of the house,
around the terrace, and so through the yard towards the small building whose
surrounding lilac-bushes were all in seed. Here on the step, alone and
disconsolate, sat Sambo, Deborah's favorite little darky.

Sambo was very forlorn this morning. A strong appreciation of the woe
of this wretched life had come to his spirit under the guise of an empty
stomach. All of three hours ago Thompson, the overseer, discovered him in
the climacteric moment of a glorious charge on the chickens in the runs. An
entire flock of fat, white pullets were in full flight before this single son of
Ethiopia, whose triumphant war-cry had unfortunately reached the quarters.
Thereupon Thompson, who had no soul for the sublime, seized the
conqueror by the tail of his tow-linen toga and dragged him from the field to
his parental cabin, where, in the presence of Chloe, his mother, a most telling
rebuke was administered. The mother's heart hardened towards the small
sinner, and he had been driven outside in the very face of bacon spluttering
over the fire and beans baking fragrantly in the embers. After an unhappy
wandering, he at last sought the homely protection of Deborah and the still-
room. Deborah, too, had left him, with the promise, however, of getting him
something to eat when she returned. So here, in melancholy resignation, sat
Sambo, as Claude approached.

"Can you tell me where Mistress Deborah is?" repeated de Mailly.

"She'm gone to Huckleberry Swamp," vouchsafed the stoic.

"Um—" Claude reflected. Huckleberry Swamp sounded definite, but he

was unfamiliar with the country. "Where is that?" he inquired, meekly.

Sambo swept a black thumb over one shoulder, back of his head. "Dat
way."

Again Claude hesitated, finally venturing the request: "Could you,

perhaps, show me a little of the way?"

"You'm goin' fin' Miss Deb?"

Claude bowed.

"I'll come."

The small figure rose suddenly, descended from his dais, and put one
small black fist trustfully into de Mailly's. Claude looked down into the
childish face, with its round pate covered with black, woolly, hair, and a
gentle light came into his eyes. He was fond of children.

The swamp appeared to be some distance away. The child's steps were
short, and Claude would not hurry him. At last, however, they came upon a
narrow, grassy lane, bordered on either side by a tangle of vines and bushes,
at the end of which was the so-called swamp—a marsh nearly dry at this
season, save for a pool in its very centre. Upon the edge of this they paused.
Before them was a waste wherefrom sprang a few saplings, some young
willows, a tangle of flaming tiger-lilies, and a host of those plants which
grow in damp places. Claude saw no sign of a human being, but Sambo
presently sprang forward.

"Deh she is!" he cried, running into the brush. Claude followed rapidly,
coming at last in sight of her whom he sought.
 Deborah knelt upon the damp ground, bending over a plant which she
was minutely examining. Claude had seen it and its flower often enough, he
thought. The stem was perhaps three feet high, with long, narrow, spotted
leaves, and clusters of small purplish flowers. These were what Deborah was
studying, and on her flushed face was an expression which Claude had not
beheld before. Startled by Sambo's appearance, she looked up.

"Oh, good-morning!" she said, rising, and extending her hand.

"One finds you in curious places," he observed, bending over it.

"It is my work. Has Dr. Carroll come this morning?"

"He had not when I left the house."

"He will, though, I think. Are we to go back now?"

"Not until you are quite ready, mademoiselle."

"I'm ready. I must take this with me." From a little bag hanging at her
side she drew a small pruning-knife and two pieces of cotton cloth. Having
cut the stem of the plant before her, she wrapped about it one square of the
cloth and took it up in her left hand.

"Permit me to carry it for you."

"Hold it, then, where the cloth is."

"Why? Surely it is not unsafe to touch?" He looked at her curiously.

"I don't know. Some things are. This is a spotted-hemlock. I fancied it a

water plant, but 'tis another variety. I will test it to-day, if the doctor doesn't
come. Oh! Here is something more to take home." Down in the soil at their
feet grew two large fungi, which bore a slight resemblance to table
mushrooms, but were far more beautiful than they. The umbrella-shaped
cups were of a brilliant scarlet color, fading inwards, in gracefully curving
lines, to a pale centre. A faint acrid odor emanated from them as Deborah
knelt and cut them deftly at the ground's edge. Taking them up in her cloth,
she held them a little away from her face.
 "What's dose, Miss Deb?" inquired Sambo, eying them admiringly.

"A sort of mushroom, Sambo. Oh, a most excellent dinner dish they'd
make!" she added, laughing.

And hungry Sambo heard her. Were these pretty things good to eat? He
had seen not a few of them in the grass about the roads and fields. Here was
a breakfast ready for him. He considered a little, the idea of cooking not
entering his head. Neither Deborah nor de Mailly knew when he ceased to
follow them, it merely occurring to them by the time they reached home that
Sambo had not been with them for some time. Claude, who had found the
way long in coming, deemed it only too short on the return. And Deborah,
demurely realizing that she was perfectly happy, continued to talk to him in
that tranquil manner which, from its apparent indifference and self-
possession, seemed such an anomaly, considering her youth.

"May I ask the use of this?" asked de Mailly, curiously, holding out the
spray of spotted-hemlock.

"I don't know its use. 'Tis what I am going to try to find out if the doctor
does not come this morning. I am ignorant if it is as poisonous as water-
hemlock. I will try to learn."

Claude bit his lip. "And if the doctor does come?"

"It will be most interesting. We are to try the effect of two alkaloids in
one system, and I must note the different symptoms, the combined result,
and the complications which ensue from the interaction."

"You give these—poisons—to some beast. Is it not so?"

Deborah hesitated for a little, finally replying, quietly, "A cat."

"And he will no doubt die?"

"No—perhaps not. That is our hope, monsieur. If we could discover one

thing which might counterbalance the effect of another, can you not see that
it might some time serve to save men's lives? It is unbecoming in me to
speak of it, but did you not know that the liquid given you as medicine for
your fever I distilled from the plant called monkshood? And did not that
medicine help to restore you to health? And yet, sir, it was a virulent poison,
ten drops of which would kill an animal."

De Mailly looked at the girl in surprise. She was certainly unlike any
woman that he had ever met. "Forgive me," he said, earnestly. "I did not
understand you. I do admire and respect this work of yours. My gratitude—
how shall I express it? There is, indeed, little that one can say to the
preserver of his life—"

"Please, don't!" she cried, impulsively, and then stopped. He was

regarding her so earnestly, and his look said so much more than his tongue
had ever done, that she found no words at her command. So they fell into
silence as once more they approached the house.

Dr. Carroll, returning on the day before from his shooting, and, wearied
by the dulness of Annapolis in mid-summer, kept his promise and came out
to see Deborah. He found her, ignorant of his arrival, preparing her retort for
the distillation of the water-hemlock, while Claude, willingly pressed into
service, had gone to the kitchen to obtain a lighted coal for the tripod of
charcoal. An addition to the equipment of the room had recently been made.
Beside the cupboard in the corner stood a good-sized cage, its top and
bottom made of pine boards held together by narrow wooden slats nailed
upon all four sides. Within this prison of the condemned sat a half-grown
tortoise-shell tabby, presented yesterday to the establishment by Sambo. As
Deborah took up her hemlock and with careful hands began to strip away its
leaves and blossoms, she glanced now and then at her prisoner with an
expression half of pity and half of speculative interest. The animal looked
very comfortable on its bed of grass, its toilet just completed, with slow eyes
blinking at the light; never a suspicion in its head of a possible swift death at
the hands of the slender girl at the table yonder. The stillness was interrupted
by the entrance of the doctor.

"Good-morning to you, Mistress Debby! At work, eh? Oho! Water-

hemlock!"

"No. This is Maculatum. See the leaves—spotted. Is this as poisonous as

the other, do you think?"
 The doctor chuckled. "Thou'rt a born botanist, Debby. This poisonous?
'Tis historic. Socrates died by it. 'Tis as well obtained by crushing in alcohol,
though. Did you bring the root? Now that was carelessness. The root is most
virulent—delightfully virulent. You should be sent back to get it, only that I
am not here to distil this morning.—Ah, Monsieur Claude! Good-day! Are
you turned neophyte?"

Claude, with a shovelful of embers, had halted in the doorway. At

Carroll's question he smiled and came forward. "I should be glad if I might
stay and look on. I am wofully ignorant in these matters."

Deborah took the shovel from his hands, emptying its contents carefully
into the tripod. "Thank you. Be seated, if you care to watch us."

"By all means, sit yonder, de Mailly, and look on. Miss Travis is
preparing some Conium maculatum for distillation, though she will get a
poor result from the mere leaves and flowers. And behold in me, monsieur,
the conscienceless wretch about to destroy life in that hapless pussy, for the
mere gratification of criminal instinct.—What's this, Deborah?"

The doctor's change of tone was so sudden and so marked that the girl
turned quickly about to behold him standing over the fungi which she had
placed at the far end of the table.

"That? Madam uses it sometimes for fly-poison. I purposed inquiring of

you if the alkaloid could be extracted."

Carroll shook his head gravely. "It doesn't need extraction. The whole
thing is replete with poison. 'Tis amanita muscaria, the deadliest of all fungi.
Have you seen the symptoms?"

Deborah shook her head.

"Then you shall. I mind me I had a case of them many years ago—a
family ate them at supper. All four died.* There was no help that I or any one
else had to give. Such agony I have never seen. The effect is not apparent for
from four to nine hours after eating, though internal dissemination of the
poison must begin at once. After the case I mentioned, I experimented a
good deal with them. Time does not seem to affect their power. After four
months' keeping I knew one of them to cause death to a dog in ten hours.
Would you care to try this to-day on your cat there, Deborah, in conjunction
with one of the liquids?"

* This case is taken from a medical journal of 1877.

Deborah did not reply at once, and Claude hoped that she would decline
the proposition. Her answer was a question: "Will you stay, doctor, till the
fungus acts? I couldn't distinguish the different symptoms alone."

The doctor reflected. "'Tis eleven now. By four the thing should be under
way. I'll get home by six. Yes, I'll stay."

"Then let us give it at once."

"Very well. What will you combine with it?"

Deborah went to the cupboard and surveyed her array of phials. Finally,
selecting one filled with a clear, white liquid, with less sediment at the
bottom than most of her mixtures contained, she brought it over to Dr.
Carroll.

"What is it?" he asked.

"It is from nightshade. I made it a week ago."

"Atropine. Symptoms? Can you give them?"

Claude looked at her closely as she made reply:

"I gave forty drops to a cat. It seemed to be quiet for about three-quarters
of an hour. Then it tried to mew, but that was hard for it. The muscles of its
throat were strained. After a little it began to bite at things in the cage. Its
eyes were large, and the pupils full, as if it were in the dark. It drank all I
would give it, but could not swallow easily. Then there came spasms. Finally
it fell asleep, and died three hours after the dose."

The doctor nodded with satisfaction, but Deborah, glancing at de Mailly

from beneath her lids, saw him look at her in strong displeasure. Instantly
she flushed and her head straightened defiantly back.

"Monsieur, I do not think that you will enjoy our experiments here this
morning. Will you be so obliging as to join my cousins, Virginia and Lucy,
in some pleasanter occupation?"

There was a note of piqued command in the tone which Claude, who
knew women well, would have disobeyed in any other case. Now, however,
he made no reply, but rose in grave silence, bowed to her, and left the room.

"On my life, that was not a gallant thing," observed Carroll, placidly,
when their sensitive guest had crossed the yard.

Deborah made no answer. She was more deeply hurt than she would
have believed possible, and she did not choose that her voice should betray
her. Crossing again to the cupboard, she took from its lowest shelf a deep-
bowled horn spoon, with which she knelt before the cat's cage. In the mean
time the doctor had been occupied in cutting the fungus into small cubes.
These, together with the atropine, he took over to his pupil, who was now on
the floor with the cat in her lap. She took the amanita quietly from her
companion's hands, placed one piece in the creature's mouth, and
manipulated its throat till it swallowed convulsively.

"How much should it have?" she inquired, grimly.

"About six pieces to a spoonful of this," returned her mentor, holding up

the atropine.

Unflinchingly Deborah finished her task, and then, hastily replacing the
prisoner in its cage, she fastened the little door. Carroll, who had looked on
without comment, helped her to rise from the floor, and silently noted the
fact that her hands were very cold.

"Come now to the house and rest," he said, with quiet persuasion.
 She looked a little surprised. "Surely not. I will stay here and watch.
Besides, there is the hemlock;" she nodded towards the little heap of flowers
and leaves by the retort. "I will distil that. The fire is ready."

"No, Debby. You're tired. Hark you, the poisons will certainly not show
for half an hour, if they do then. It is probable that the muscaria will retard
the action of the atropine for a much longer time. Then you must have your
full wits about you, for 'twill be the most interesting thing we've done. Come
now, as your physician, I insist."

But though Charles Carroll's will was strong, that of Deborah Travis was
stronger. He tried persuasion, command, and entreaty, finally becoming
angry, and so losing the battle; for, having called her a stubborn hussy, there
was nothing for it but to march off alone to the house. The girl saw him go
with a sore heart, and then, doggedly determined, returned to her work, the
pleasure of it gone for the first time in her life. When, after a while, Sambo
strolled thoughtfully in from the fields, she greeted him with positive
delight.

The little boy seated himself, Turk-fashion, beside the tripod, to watch
the water just beginning to bubble in the body of the retort. It was an
occupation which he dearly loved, and in the observation of which he was a
privileged mortal, for Deborah allowed but few in her work-room. During
the process of distillation she was regarded by Sambo as some one who had
risen for the time to supernatural heights. She was quite a different person
from the Miss Deb whom he knew ordinarily out-of-doors. On every
occasion, however, he had been wont to talk unceasingly either to her or to
himself when in her company. To-day she wondered at his silence. His
interest in the action of the retort was as great as ever, but every effort to
draw him into conversation failed. So, after a time, Deborah, her closest
attention demanded by the approaching end of the distillation, when the
purest alkaloid would come from her plant, ceased also to speak, and,
indeed, almost forgot his presence. The liquid had been filtered, bottled, and
set aside for its second vaporizing, when she suddenly recollected that in the
morning she had promised to get something for the little negro to eat. It was
sufficient cause for his silence.