Com 223, WK 4-5

Identify the ports in the image below:
Name: Favour Oka.
DEPARTMENT: DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

CROSS RIVER INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT.
Course : BASIC HARDWARE MAINTENANCE
Course Code: COM 223
Topic:
Understand the function of

circuit components
Lesson objectives:
The objectives of this lesson is to enable the student to:

• Identify and describe basic electronic components.
• Evaluate the functions of the basic electronic
components.
• Describe Active and Passive Electronic Components.
• Differentiate between Active and Passive Electronic
Components with given Examples
Introduction of Electronic Components
There are numerous basic electronic components that are used
for building electronic circuits. Without these components,
circuit designs are never complete or did not function well.
These components include resistors, diodes, capacitors,
integrated circuits, and so on. Some of these components
consists of two or more terminals which are soldered to circuit
boards.
Introduction of Electronic
Components (cont’d).
Some may be packaged type like integrated circuits in which
different semiconductor devices are integrated.
An electronic circuit comprises of various types of components,

which are classified into two types: active components like
transistors, diodes, IC’s; and passive components like capacitors,
resistors, inductors, etc.
Major Electronic Components
www.elprocus.com
What are Active Electronic Components?
Active electronic components are those that can control the flow of
electricity. Different Types of Printed Circuit Boards have at least one
active component. Some examples of active electronic components are:
• transistor
• vacuum tubes
• silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs).
These components rely on a source of energy and are able to control the
electron flow through them. Some of these components are
semiconductors like diodes, transistors, integrated circuits, various displays
like LCD, LED, CRTs and power sources like batteries, PV cells and other AC
and DC supply sources.
http://www.electronicsandyou.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/active-electronic-components-1.jpg
What are Passive Electronic
Components?
Passive electronic components are those that do
not have the ability to control electric current by
means of another electrical signal. Examples of
passive electronic components are capacitors,
resistors, inductors, transformers, and some
diodes. These components can store or maintains
energy either in the form of current or voltage.
http://www.electronicsandyou.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/passive-electronic-components-1.jpg
List of Passive Electronic
Components
Basic Components Electromechanical Components
 Resistors (All Types)  Piezoelectric devices
 Capacitors (All Types)  Crystals
 Inductors / Coil  Resonators
 Memristor / Network  Terminals and Connectors
 Sensors  Cables
 Detectors  Switches
 Transducers  Circuit Protection Devices
 Antennas  PCB
 Assembly Modules  Mechanical Devices such as a Fan, Lamp
List of Active Electronic
Components
Semiconductors Transistors
 Diodes (All)  Transistors (All)
 Rectifier Diode  Photo Transistor
 Schottky Diode  Darlington Transistor
 Zener Diode  Compound Transistor
 Unipolar / Bipolar Diode  Field-Effect Transistor (FET)
 Varicap  JFET (Junction Field-Effect Transistor)
 Varactor  MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET)
 Light-Emitting Diode (LED)  Thyristors
 Solar PV Cell, PV Panel  Composit Transistors
Integrated Circuits (IC) Other Components
 Integrated Circuits (All)  CRT / LCD / VFD / TFT / LED
 Digital Circuit  Vacuum Tubes
 Analog Circuit  Rectifier Tubes
 Hall Effect Sensor  Emitters
 Current Sensor  Gas discharge tube
 BGA Packages  Ignitron
 Processor  Thyratron
 Power ICs  Battery / Power Supply
 Optoelectronic Components  Electric Generator
Capacitor
Ohm's law applies to all electric circuits for both
• Direct Current (DC) and
• Alternating Current (AC).
But additional principles must be invoked for the analysis of complex circuits and for AC
circuits also involving inductances and capacitances.
Current that flows in one direction only, such as the current in a battery-powered flashlight,
is called direct current. Current that flows back and forth, reversing direction again and
again, is called alternating current. Direct current, which is used in most battery-powered
devices, is easier to understand than alternating current.
Illustration of Circuit Boards with
Capacitors
The little components on a

circuit card can be dangerous,
even when they are unplugged.
In fact, the tall cylindrical
components —
called capacitors — can contain
stored electrical energy that can
deliver a powerful — even fatal
— shock long after you have
unplugged the power cord.
Resistors
A resistor is a two-terminal passive electronics component, used to
oppose or limit the current. Resistor works based on the principle of
Ohm’s law which states that “voltage applied across the terminals of a
resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it”
V=IR
The units of the resistance is ohms
Where R is the constant called resistance.
Classifications of Resistors
Resistors are further classified based on the

following specifications such as the power
rating, type of material used and resistance
value. This resistor types are used for different
applications
• Fixed resistors:
This type of resistor is used to set the right
conditions in an electronic circuit. The values of
resistance in fixed resistors are determined
during the design phase of the circuit, based on
this there is no need to adjust the circuit.
• Variable resistors:
A device that is used to change the resistance
according to our requirements in an electronic
circuit is known as a variable resistor. These
resistors comprise of a fixed resistor element
and a slider which taps on to the resistor
element. Variable resistors are commonly used
as a three terminal device for calibration of the
device
Capacitor
• Capacitors:
A capacitor made from two conductive plates with an insulator between them and it
stores electrical energy in the form of an electric field. A capacitor blocks the DC
signals and allows the AC signals and also used with a resistor in a timing circuit.
The stored charge is Q=CV
Where
• C is the capacitance of a capacitor and
• V is the applied voltage.

Capacitors
Capacitors
These capacitors are different types like
film, ceramic, electrolytic and variable
capacitors. For finding its value number
and colour coding methods are used
and it also possible to find the
capacitance value with LCR meters.
Transistors
• Transistors
A transistor is a three terminal semiconductor device. Mostly it is used as
switching device and also as an amplifier. This switching device can be a
voltage or current controlled. By controlling the voltage applied to the
one terminal controls the current flow through the other two terminals.
Transistors are of two types, namely bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and
field effect transistors (FET). And further these can be PNP and NPN
transistors.
Capacitors
Diodes
• Diodes
A diode is a device that allows current to flow in one direction and

usually made with semiconductor material. It has two terminals, anode
and cathode terminals. These are mostly used in converting circuits like
AC to DC circuits. These are of different types like PN diodes, Zener
diodes, LEDs, photo diodes, etc.
Integrated Circuit
• Integrated Circuits
An Integrated circuit is a special component which is fabricated with

thousands of transistors, resistors, diodes and other electronic
components on a tiny silicon chip. These are the building blocks of
current electronic devices like cell phones, computers, etc. These can
be analog or digital integrated circuits. Mostly used ICs in electronic
circuits are Op-amps, timers, comparators, switches ICs and so on.
These can be classified as linear and nonlinear ICs depending on its
application.
Integrated Circuits
Display Devices
• LCD: A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a flat display technology, which
is mostly used in applications like computer monitors, cell phone
display, calculators, etc. This technology uses two polarized filters
and electrodes for selectively disable or enable the light to pass from
reflective backing to the eyes of the viewer.
Display Devices
• CRT:
Cathode ray tube display technology is mostly used in televisions and computer
screens that works on the movement of an electron beam back and forth on the
back of the screen. This tube is an elongated vacuum tube in which flattened
surface has external components as electron gun, electron beam and a
phosphorescent screen.
Batteries
• Batteries
Batteries are most common power source for standalone

industrial, domestic and handheld device applications. It
converts chemical energy into electrical energy through
electrochemical discharge reactions. These consist of one or
more cells and each cell contains an anode, cathode and the
electrolyte. The battery cells are classified into two types namely
primary cells and secondary cells. The primary cells are not of
rechargeable type but the secondary cells cab be rechargeable.
End
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Identify the ports in the image below:

Name: Favour Oka.

DEPARTMENT: DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

Understand the function of

The objectives of this lesson is to enable the student to:

An electronic circuit comprises of various types of components,

The little components on a

Resistors are further classified based on the

The stored charge is Q=CV

• C is the capacitance of a capacitor and

• V is the applied voltage.

A transistor is a three terminal semiconductor device. Mostly it is used as

switching device and also as an amplifier. This switching device can be a

voltage or current controlled. By controlling the voltage applied to the

A diode is a device that allows current to flow in one direction and

An Integrated circuit is a special component which is fabricated with

Batteries are most common power source for standalone

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