SCIENCE8

LESSON PLAN
GRADE LEVEL QUARTER / DOMAIN WEEK & DAY PAGE NO.

IX 4TH QUARTER NO. 1
I. OBJECTIVES
1. how cells divided to to produce new cells
2. meiosis as one of the process producing genetic variations of the mendelian
pattern of inheritance
A. Content Standards
report on the importance of variation in plant and animal breeding
B. Performance Standards
Compare mitosis meiosis, and their role in cell-division cycle
MELC’s Week 2 S8LT-IVd-16
After going through this module, you are expected to:
C. Learning 1. Understand cell reproduction at the molecular level, giving significance to

Competencies/Objective the roles of DNA and chromosomes
s Write the LC 2.Describe cycle
code for each 3.Explain mitosis and meiosis;and
4.Compare mitosis and meiosis, and their role in the cells division cycle.
D. Unpacked Competency
(Objective)
II. CONTENT
III. LEARNING RESOURCES Chart
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages MELCs
2. Learner’s Materials pages
3. Textbook pages N/A
4. Additional Materials from Quarter 4- Module 2
Learning Resource (LR) portal
B. Other Learning
PowerPoint Presentation
Resources
Preparatory Activities:
Prayer
Greetings
Checking of Attendance
IV. PROCEDURES
Setting of Classroom rules
The teacher will conduct a pre-test about the
(Attachment of pre-test)
LESSON PLAN
(ELICIT) Teacher show the picture of life cycle of frog.

Teacher Activity: Analyze the photo below, What does the photo
A. Reviewing previous
lesson or presenting the
new lesson
Frogs go through some interesting life cycle transition; from egg to

larva( Tadpole ) then finally to an adult frog.
B. Presenting (ENGAGE) Show the picture to the learners and identify who is he?
examples/instances of
the new lesson
LESSON PLAN
_________________________________________________________
(EXPLORE)
C. Discussing new concepts
Give 1/2 sheet paper ( Teacher activity)
and practicing new skills
Venn diagram
#1
LESSON PLAN
LESSON PLAN
EXPLAIN
The same thing happens with the living cells. The cell cycle can be compared
to as the life cycle of a cell, a series of growth and developmental steps a cell
undergoes between its “birth” and reproduction.
Every living thing undergoes reproduction. The nutrients taken by an
individual will provide energy for metabolic processes, for growth and
development
as well as for reproduction.
In this module you will learn the importance of cell division for growth, repair,
and reproduction of eukaryotic organisms. During mitosis, the resulting two

new
daughter cells have the same type and number of genes as the original parent
cell,
D. Discussing new concepts
and practicing new skills
thereby preserving and maintaining the stability of genetic material of a
#2
particular
population. But in more complex organisms, meiotic division produces gametes

that
possess half of the genetic information. During fertilization, these gametes

unite
allowing genes from each parent to combine which results to differences in the
DNA
composition or genotypes resulting to genetic variability of offspring
The Chromosome
All living things contain a self-replicating genetic material that directs the
activities and functions of the cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the

genetic
material located inside a chromosome in the nucleus of the cell. The DNA from
the
parents is transmitted to the offspring to ensure the continuity of life. The DNA
is a
helical structure consisting of two strands as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 also

shows
LESSON PLAN
the organization or packaging of DNA molecules by proteins or histones to

form
different levels of chromosome packaging. This is necessary so that the long

and
numerous DNA molecules can be organized and be accommodated inside the
nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The DNA helix illustration in Figure 1 shows a

structure
called nucleosomes which is composed of globular structures known as

histones
where the DNA strands are attached, and coiled looking like beads attached on
a
string in a form of chromatin measuring up to 11 nm. The next level of

organization
is a series of chromatin molecules forming a 30-nanometer chromatin fiber of

packed
coiled nucleosomes called solenoid. This solenoid level of packaging becomes
supercoiled forming loops that are visible and are usually called chromatin
loops
which further leads to condensation of the chromosomes up to 700 nm. When

the
DNA molecules is replicated and undergoes also packaging and coiling, it

would form
the entire mitotic chromosome or metaphase chromosome which measures up

to
1,400 nm which is illustrated at the bottom of the diagram in Figure

LESSON PLAN
Figure 2. Parts of the Chromosome
1. Chromatids – two identical halves of a replicated chromosome after the
Synthesis phase or the S phase of the cell cycle.
2. Centromere – the attachment points of the two chromatids of a

LESSON PLAN
chromosome. It is also described as the constriction point which divides
the chromosome into two sections, or “arms.”
3. Short arm – or p arm - upper arms of the chromosome which is usually
shorter.
4. Q arm - lower arms of the chromosome which is usually longer.
The number of chromosomes in a cell is a characteristic of the species to

which
it belongs. For example, fruit flies have 8 chromosomes while sunflowers have
34.
Table 1 summarizes the chromosome numbers of some organisms.
Table 1. Chromosome Number of Selected Organisms
Organism
Chromosome number
Drosophila melanogaster
(fruit fly) 8
Canis familiaris
(dog) 52
Homo sapiens
(man) 46
Oryza sativa
(rice) 24
Zea mays
(corn) 20
( ELABORATE)
Cellular reproduction refers to the process by which a single cell

divides and produces two or more daughter cells, each containing the same
genetic material as the parent cell. This process is fundamental to all forms of
life and is essential for growth, development, and the maintenance of tissues
and organs.
E. Making generalizations
and abstractions about
LESSON PLAN
1. Mitosis: This is the process by which eukaryotic cells divide and replicate
their chromosomes to produce two identical daughter cells. Mitosis is crucial
for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms.
2. Meiosis: Unlike mitosis, meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that

produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) in sexually reproducing organisms.
Meiosis involves two rounds of division, resulting in four daughter cells, each
with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
3. Binary Fission: This is a form of asexual reproduction found in prokaryotic

organisms such as bacteria and archaea. In binary fission, the parent cell
divides into two daughter cells, each containing a copy of the genetic material.
This process is simpler than mitosis and does not involve the formation of a
mitotic spindle.
4. Cell Cycle Regulation: The cell cycle refers to the series of events that occur
the lesson
in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA to produce two
daughter cells. Cell cycle regulation ensures that cells only divide when
necessary and that the process is accurately completed without errors.
5. Regeneration and Repair: In some organisms, certain cells have the ability
to regenerate lost or damaged tissues through cellular reproduction. This
process is essential for wound healing and tissue regeneration in organisms
ranging from simple organisms like hydra to complex organisms like humans.
6. Apoptosis: Also known as programmed cell death, apoptosis is a regulated

process by which cells undergo self-destruction. It plays a crucial role in
development, tissue homeostasis, and the elimination of damaged or abnormal
cells.
These generalizations highlight the diverse mechanisms by which cellular

reproduction occurs across different organisms and cell types, contributing to
the continuity of life and the maintenance of organismal integrity.
(EVALUATE)
Fill in the Blank
Directions: Complete the statement by writing the appropriate word or
phrase on the
blank. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Genes consist of ________.
2. Chromosomes are structures found in the cell __________ that contain a
person’s genes.
3. Every normal human somatic cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, or a
total of __________ chromosomes.
F. Evaluating learning 4. The cell undergoes a cycle that may be divided into two stages, the
__________ and the cell division or mitotic phase.
5. The interphase is divided into three phases namely: the gap one phase
(G1), the __________ phase, and the gap two phase (G2).
6. There are four distinct stages of mitosis namely: prophase, __________,
anaphase, and telophase.
7. During mitosis, two things occur. These are the nuclear division and the
cytoplasmic division called ____________.
8. Each spindle fiber from both ___________ connects to the kinetochore of
each chromosome.
9. In plant cells, _________ forms and becomes a new cell wall dividing the
LESSON PLAN
cytoplasm into two parts.

10.The outcome of meiosis is the production of four _________ (N) daughter
cells.
(EXTEND)
Learn More!
Directions: Use the correct word from the word bank to tell the correct
stages of cell division shown below. Each word should be used only once.
Write the letter of your answers on a separate sheet of paper. (Hint: Notice
the traces of synapsis and crossing over in the chromosomes during meiosis.)
A. Anaphase D. Metaphase G. Prophase J. Telophase

B. Anaphase I E. Metaphase I H. Peophase I K. Telophase I
C. Anaphase II F. Metaphase II I. Prophase II L. Telophase II
G. Additional activities for

application or remediation
LESSON PLAN
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of learners who earned 80% in the evaluation
B. No. of learners who require additional activities for
remediation
C. Did the remedial lessons work? No. of learners who
have caught up with the lesson
D. No. of learners who continue to require remediation
E. Which of my teaching strategies worked well? Why
did these work?
F. What difficulties did I encounter which my principal
or supervisor can help me solve?
G. What innovation or localized materials did I
use/discover which I wish to share with other
teachers?
Writer/s:
Evaluator/s:
Prepared by:
JOVEL T. SANCHEZ
LESSON PLAN
Student teacher
Checked and assessed by:
Mrs. MARILOU ESPINO
Cooperating teacher

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LESSON PLAN

GRADE LEVEL QUARTER / DOMAIN WEEK & DAY PAGE NO.

report on the importance of variation in plant and animal breeding

Compare mitosis meiosis, and their role in cell-division cycle

MELC’s Week 2 S8LT-IVd-16

After going through this module, you are expected to:

C. Learning 1. Understand cell reproduction at the molecular level, giving significance to

(ELICIT) Teacher show the picture of life cycle of frog.

Frogs go through some interesting life cycle transition; from egg to

undergoes between its “birth” and reproduction.

Every living thing undergoes reproduction. The nutrients taken by an

as well as for reproduction.

and reproduction of eukaryotic organisms. During mitosis, the resulting two

population. But in more complex organisms, meiotic division produces gametes

possess half of the genetic information. During fertilization, these gametes

composition or genotypes resulting to genetic variability of offspring

activities and functions of the cells. Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA is the

helical structure consisting of two strands as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 also

the organization or packaging of DNA molecules by proteins or histones to

different levels of chromosome packaging. This is necessary so that the long

numerous DNA molecules can be organized and be accommodated inside the

nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. The DNA helix illustration in Figure 1 shows a

called nucleosomes which is composed of globular structures known as

string in a form of chromatin measuring up to 11 nm. The next level of

is a series of chromatin molecules forming a 30-nanometer chromatin fiber of

coiled nucleosomes called solenoid. This solenoid level of packaging becomes

which further leads to condensation of the chromosomes up to 700 nm. When

DNA molecules is replicated and undergoes also packaging and coiling, it

the entire mitotic chromosome or metaphase chromosome which measures up

1,400 nm which is illustrated at the bottom of the diagram in Figure

Figure 2. Parts of the Chromosome

1. Chromatids – two identical halves of a replicated chromosome after the

Synthesis phase or the S phase of the cell cycle.

2. Centromere – the attachment points of the two chromatids of a

chromosome. It is also described as the constriction point which divides

the chromosome into two sections, or “arms.”

3. Short arm – or p arm - upper arms of the chromosome which is usually

4. Q arm - lower arms of the chromosome which is usually longer.

The number of chromosomes in a cell is a characteristic of the species to

Table 1 summarizes the chromosome numbers of some organisms.

Table 1. Chromosome Number of Selected Organisms

Cellular reproduction refers to the process by which a single cell

2. Meiosis: Unlike mitosis, meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that

3. Binary Fission: This is a form of asexual reproduction found in prokaryotic

6. Apoptosis: Also known as programmed cell death, apoptosis is a regulated

These generalizations highlight the diverse mechanisms by which cellular

cytoplasm into two parts.

A. Anaphase D. Metaphase G. Prophase J. Telophase

G. Additional activities for

Checked and assessed by:

Mrs. MARILOU ESPINO

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