Geography Step Ahead Form 4

MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
GEOGRAPHY SYLLABUS
FORMS 1 - 4
2015-2022
Curriculum Development Unit

P.O. Box MP133
Mount Pleasant
Harare
©All Rights Reserved

2015
1.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education wishes to acknowledge the following for their valued
contribution in the production of this syllabus:
• National Geography Subject Panel
• Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education Science and Technology
Development
• Representatives from Teachers` Colleges
• Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC)
• Department of Geography and Environmental Science (UZ)
• Department of Science and Mathematics Education (UZ)
• Department of Geography and Environmental Studies (MSU)
• Environmental Management, Renewable Energy and Climate Change Research Centre (HIT)
• Publishers
• United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
2
• United Nations Educational Scientific Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
1.0 PREAMBLE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This syllabus is designed to cover progressively the study of geography from form 1 to 4.
It motivates learners to appreciate their local, national, regional and global geographical space. This will
raise awareness of resource distribution, management and utilisation for the benefit of Zimbabwean
citizens. The syllabus seeks to equip learners with skills, attitudes, values and practical competencies
that enable them to participate in the development of the country. It enables response to challenges by
developing solutions and skills leading to sustainable development. The syllabus recognises individual
special education needs.
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1.2 RATIONALE
Geography in the secondary school curriculum will equip learners with skills to understand location,
patterns and processes of phenomena. It is designed to make learners appreciate diversity, valuation,
utilisation and conservation of resources. The learning area gives an opportunity to learners to manipulate
geographical data and make informed decisions in their day to day experiences.
The geography syllabus enables learners to develop the following skills:
 Problem solving
 Critical thinking
 Decision making
 Communication
 Technology and innovation
 Graphicacy
1.3 SUMMARY OF CONTENT

The geography learning area comprises both physical and human aspects. It also covers fieldwork, map
reading skills and graphicacy.
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1.4 METHODOLOGY AND TIME ALLOCATION
This syllabus takes into account learner centred approaches and methods. The choice of teaching
methods and approaches should be guided by the principles of inclusivity, relevance, specificity, gender
sensitivity and respect. The following approaches and methods are recommended in the teaching and
learning of geography:
Approaches
The syllabus proposes the use of the concentric, systems and integrated approaches.
The concentric approach: It recommends teaching geography starting from the local environment, then
move to the whole of Zimbabwe, Southern African Development Community region, rest of Africa and the
World.
Systems Approach: It involves the study of inter-relationships of various components in the environment
which make up the whole. The focus is on the inputs, processes and outputs and feedback in a given
system.
The integrated approach: It recommends that related topics should be taught together rather than in
isolation.
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1.4.1 Methodology
. The following are suggested methods of teaching and learning geography:
• Demonstrations
• Field work
• Games
• Simulations
• Debates
• Laboratory work and experiments
• Group work and discussions
• Role-play
• Case studies
• Project based learning
• Educational tours
NB. The above suggested methods should be enhanced by the application of orthodidactic
principles and multi -sensory approaches to teaching. These include tactility, concreteness,
individualisation, self-activity, totality and wholeness. Teachers are encouraged to address the
learners’ residual senses.
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1.4.1 Time Allocation
Five (5) periods of 40 minutes per week should be allocated for adequate coverage of the syllabus. The
teachers should allocate time appropriately for learners with individual special education needs.
Educational tours should be undertaken at least once a year.
1.5 ASSUMPTIONS
It is assumed that learners:
 Have a natural desire to explore their environment
 have basic knowledge of direction and location
 constantly interact with weather phenomena in day to day life
 interact with natural resources
 are aware of people engaging in various economic activities
1.6 CROSS-CUTTING THEMES

This phase will develop in learners, an appreciation of:
• environmental issues
• safety and health issues
• disaster risk management
• enterprise
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• sexuality, HIV and AIDS
• heritage
• climate change
• financial literacy
• gender
• technology
2.0 PRESENTATION OF SYLLABUS
The Geography Syllabus is a single document covering Forms 1 - 4.
3.0 AIMS
The aims of the syllabus are to:
3.1 equip learners with skills in statistical and cartographic techniques ;
3.2 develop practical skills of enquiry, observation, recording and interpretation of geographical
information;
3.3 promote an understanding of environmental management issues;
3.4 promote sustainable exploitation, processing and economic use of minerals and other resources;
3.5 develop in learners an understanding of societal issues of HIV and AIDS, climate change and
disaster risk management;
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3.6 develop an appreciation of diverse communities and cultures worldwide.
3.7 promote an understanding of environmental patterns, dynamics and relationships.
4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES

By the end of this learning phase learners should be able to:
4.1 demonstrate basic knowledge of geographic information systems (GIS) in resource management
4.2 interpret topographical maps, photographs and satellite images.
4.3 collect, analyse and interpret geographical data
4.4 value natural resources in the context of both economic development and environmental protection
4.5 develop technologies in issues of climate change and climate change adaptation
4.6 demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the processes that bring about change in both physical and
human environment
4.7 demonstrate geographical knowledge to create solutions to everyday challenges
4.8 develop in learner’s enterprise skills in resource utilization and conservation
4.9 demonstrate the relationship between physical and human processes in the shaping of geographic space
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5.0 TOPICS
5.1 Weather and Climate

5.2 Landforms
5.3 Ecosystems
5.4 Natural resources
5.5 Energy and Power
5.6 Map work and Geographical Information systems
5. 7 Minerals and mining
5.8 Environmental management
5.9 Agriculture and land reform
5.10 Industry
5.11 Settlement and population
5.12 Transport and trade
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6.0 SCOPE AND SEQUENCE
6.1 TOPIC 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE
FORM 1 FORM 2 FORM 3 FORM 4

 Weather  Weather  Air masses  Temperate
elements hazards  Air masses depression
and  Influence affecting  Frontal systems
instruments of people Zimbabwe and  tropical cyclones,
 Weather on weather Southern Africa  People’s influence
station  Climate of  Climatic types on climate
 Weather Zimbabwe on global scale;  Climate change
data  Climate  Interpretation of
 Types of variability climatic data
rainfall and
distribution
 Weather
forecasting
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6.2 TOPIC 2: LANDFORMS AND LANDSCAPE PROCESSES

• Landforms in • Rocks  Plate Tectonics  Landforms resulting from:
the local area, • Weathering of theory -Water action and river
regional, Africa rocks and  Folding processes
and the world resulting  Faulting -Wind action
and benefits. landforms  Volcanoes and  Hazards associated with
• Internal earthquakes landform development
structure of the  Effects of tectonic processes
earth processes  Disaster risk management:
• Continental Drift
theory
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6.3 TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS
 Components of  Tropical  Biogeochemical  Soil components
ecosystem ecosystems cycles  Soil forming
 Micro ecosystems (biomes)  Wetlands processes in the
 Interdependence in  Human  Conservation of tropics.
ecosystems (food influences on ecosystems  Soil properties
chains and webs) tropical  Restoration of  Soil types
 Biodiversity ecosystems ecosystem
 Sustainable  Application of  Benefits of
management of the systems ecosystems
ecosystem approach in
enterprise
6.4 TOPIC 4: NATURAL RESOURCES

 Natural  Population  Conservation of
resources and resources resources
concept  Exploitation of  Wildlife
 Renewable resources in management
and non- Zimbabwe
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renewable and Africa
resources
 Sustainable
use of
resources in
their local
area
6.5 TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT

• Types and • Economic • Conservation of
sources of importance of energy sources
energy energy types • Project on use of
• Environmental • Relative energy in the local
impact of types importance of area.
of energy using different
• Siting of power energy
plants sources
• Power
generation
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6.6 TOPIC 6: MAP WORK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
 Characteristics  Gradient  Location  Boolean logic: Venn
of a good map  Land use (Geographical diagrams
 Types of maps  Patterns Positioning  Overlay analysis
 Scale and System) and world
 Universal networks time zones
symbols  Electromagnetic
 Direction spectrum
 Distance  Remote sensing
 Location (Photo
interpretation)
6.7 TOPIC 7: MINERALS AND MINING

 Distribution of  Factors  Small scale  Environmental
minerals and influencing mining in conservation and
mines of mining in Zimbabwe environmental
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe  Extraction and management
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 Ores and  Methods of processing of  Environmental
mineral mining minerals in impact assessment
groups  Environmental Zimbabwe and in mining
 use and impacts of Africa  Sustainable
importance of mining  Health and utilisation of
minerals safety mineral resources
 Beneficiation
and value
addition
6.8 TOPIC 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

 Aspects of the  Environmental  Environmental  Environmental
environment deterioration management management
 State of the  Global warming legislation planning
environment in  Climate change  International
Zimbabwe  Climate change protocols and  Aspect of
treaties Environmental
adaptation and
Impact
mitigation Assessment(EIA)
 Land use planning as

a strategy of
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sustainable
environmental
management
6.9 TOPIC 9: AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM
 Factors influencing  Farming types in Zimbabwe  Land tenure  Climate change and
agriculture  Agro ecological regions in  Land reform agriculture
 Farming as a system Zimbabwe  Land Reform in  Agricultural disease, pests
 Land use zoning Zimbabwe and solutions
 Contribution of  Urban agriculture
small scale  Agribusiness
farmers to food
security
6.10 TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY

 Types of  Secondary industry:  Small to  Service industries
industry  Factors influencing medium  tourism as a case study of a
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 Importance of location of industry; enterprises service industry
industries to  Types and distribution  The role of  Tourism and its importance
Zimbabwe of manufacturing and informal in Zimbabwe
 Nature and processing industries industries in  Quaternary industries
distribution of  Transnational Zimbabwe  Problems associated with
industries in industries  Occupational service industries in
Zimbabwe safety and Zimbabwe
health
 Problems
associated with
manufacturing
industries in
Zimbabwe
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6.11 TOPIC 11: SETTLEMENT AND POPULATION
 Types of settlements • Urbanisation  Basic population • Population growth
 Site and location of • Urban land use models terms • Patterns/Demographic
settlements • Unplanned urban  Collection, Transition Model
 Rural settlement patterns settlements presentation and • Causes of population
 Rural and urban land use • Effects and solutions of interpretation of growth and their effects
planning legislation unplanned settlements population data • Causes and effects of
• Disaster resilient  Population migration
infrastructure distribution and • Internal and International
density in • Population policy
Zimbabwe, Africa Population and diseases
and the world
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6.12 TOPIC 12: TRANSPORT AND TRADE
 Transport  Trade  Regional
-Modes of - domestic imbalances in trade
transport - foreign  Trading blocks
-Advantages
and
disadvantages
 Zimbabwean
transport
network
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7.0 COMPETENCY MATRIX
FORM 1: SYLLABUS
Topic 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE

Topic OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED
Learners should be ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
able to:
Weather  distinguish  Differences  Discussing the differences
elements and between between Weather between weather and  Weather
instruments weather and and climate climate instruments
climate  School weather
 list elements of  Weather elements  Describing weather station
weather . conditions they experience  Print media
 describe  Weather  Matching elements to  Electronic media
instruments instruments corresponding instruments  Weather charts
used to  Describing the functions of  Timber
measure weather instruments  Woodwork tools
weather  Resource persons
elements  Local environment
 read and record  Reading  Measuring and recording  Jaws software
weather data instruments and weather data  Talking books
recording weather  Note: Schools should  Recommended
data establish and run textbooks
functional weather
stations
Weather  identify the  Location of a  Determining the suitability of
station factors Weather station the location of a school
influencing the weather station
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location of a
weather station
 describe the  The Stevenson  Explaining the

characteristics screen characteristics of a
of the Stevenson screen
Stevenson
screen
 make a  Making a Stevenson screen
Stevenson
screen
Weather data  draw weather  Weather tables ,  Plotting weather tables and
tables and graphs and maps graphs
graphs
 Interpret  Synoptic symbols  Interpreting weather maps
synoptic  Drawing synoptic symbols
symbols  Reading synoptic charts
 Calculate  Weather statistics  Calculating weather statistics
weather
statistics
Precipitation  
identify types of Precipitation e.g.  Listing forms of precipitation
precipitation rain, snow, and
hail
 describe the  Rainfall formation  Describing the process of
rainfall processes rainfall formation
formation
process
 draw annotated
diagrams of  Types of rainfall,  Drawing diagrams illustrating
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types of rainfall such as relief relief rainfall, convectional
rainfall, rainfall, and frontal rainfall.
convectional
rainfall, frontal
rainfall.
Weather  explain weather  Weather  Stating the meaning of

forecasting forecasting forecasting weather forecasting
 Interpreting national weather
forecast reports
 Predicting weather
 describe the  Importance of  Discussing importance of
importance of weather weather forecasting
weather forecasting
forecasting
 forecast  Indigenous
weather using weather  Gathering information on
indigenous forecasting use of IKS in weather
knowledge forecasting
systems (IKS)
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TOPIC 2: LANDFORMS AND LANDSCAPE PROCESSES
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Learners should be AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
able to:
Landforms  identify  Landforms:  Observing  Local environment
landforms - local area landforms  Photographs
 describe the - regional  Describing  Videos
landforms - Africa landforms  Jaws software
- The world  Listing of  Talking books
landforms  Recommended
 Sketching textbooks
landforms
Benefits of  explain benefits  Discussing

landforms of landforms benefits of
landforms
 differentiate  Modelling landforms
between and landscape in the
landforms and local environment
landscape
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TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED

ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Components of  describe the  Components of  Outlining systems and  Local
Ecosystems meaning of systems ecosystems: ecosystems ecosystems
and ecosystems. - Biotic  Talking books
- Abiotic  Recommended
textbooks
 identify components  Identifying components
of the ecosystem.. of the ecosystem
 explain the  Demonstrating
components of the knowledge of ecosystem
ecosystem. components
Micro ecosystem  identify components  Components of micro  Listing inputs, processes

of a local micro ecosystem: and outputs
ecosystem - Inputs  Discussing linkages
- Processes  Touring local
- Outputs ecosystems
 explain the
Interdependence in linkages of the  Recording components
ecosystems of the ecosystems
components.
 draw food chains
 Illustrating food chains,
and food webs.
 interpret food  Food chain, food food webs and food
webs and
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110 pyramids
chains, food webs
 Explaining linkages of
and food pyramids.. pyramids
the components of the
ecosystem
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TOPIC 4: NATURAL RESOURCES
able to:
Natural resources  define natural  Natural  Collection of  Local resources
concept resources resources natural e.g.
 identify types of resources that Wood, soil, rocks,
natural are found locally minerals, animals
resources  Videos
 Talking books
Renewable and non-  classify resource  Renewable and  Classifying  Jaws software
renewable resources into renewable non-renewable resources into  Recommended
and non- resources renewable and textbooks
renewable non-renewable
Sustainable use of  describe how  Sustainable  Discussing

resourcese in their local resources can be exploitation of sustainable
area extracted resources extraction of
sustainably in resources
their locality
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TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER

able to:
Types and sources of  list types of energy  Energy  Identifying fuel  Local environment
energy  identify sources of  Renewable: types  Photographs
energy -solar  Describing  Videos
-biogas sources of  Local environment
-water renewable and  Photographs
-wood fuel non-renewable  Videos
-wind energy  Local environment
 Non renewable  Photographs
fossil fuels:  Videos
-coal  Jaws software
-Petroleum
 Talking books
-Natural gas
 Recommended
-Nuclear energy
textbooks
 describe uses of  Discussing uses
energy of energy
 Undertaking
educational tours
Environmental impact  explain the  Energy and  Describing
of types of energy environmental environment: environmental
impact of types of -Pollution impact of types
energy -Deforestation of energy
-Climate change
 outline measures to  Mitigation  Discussing
mitigate -Reforestation processes of
-A forestation mitigation
-Use of clean
 state factors energy  Identifying the
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Siting of power Plants affecting siting of  Siting of power factors affecting
Power generation power plants plants siting of power
 describe the siting of  Location of plants
power plants hydro electric
power
 Nuclear and  Discussing
thermal plants possible power
(including geo- plants
thermal)
 describe types of  Thermal power
power generation generation(Geo
 explain the thermal, gas,
processes of power coal)
generation  Solar
 HEP
 Wind
 Nuclear
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TOPIC 6: MAP WORK AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED SUGGESTED RESOURCES

NOTES AND
ACTIVITIES
Characteristics of  list the  Components of a good map  Outlining the  Ordinance survey
a map components of − Title components of Maps
a good map. − Grid/ gratitude a good map  Atlases
 identify the − Direction information  Finding the  Magnetic compasses
components of − Legend/ Key components of  Talking books
a good map on − Scale a good map on  Recommended
a given map − Cartographer a given map textbooks
 outline the − Coordinate reference  Listing the
characteristics system characteristics
of the major of the major
types of maps. types of maps
Types of maps  classify map  Major types of maps  Categorising

into the major − Topographical maps maps into major
types. − Political types
 draw a sketch − Physical  Mapping the
map showing − Economic location of
locality of home and
school and school
home.
Location on maps  determine the  Coordinate systems  Locating

longitude and - geographic co-ordinate features on a
latitude of a system map
point in - Universal Transverse
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degrees Mercator co-ordinate system
 establish the (Thirteen figure grid
longitude and reference)
latitude of a
point using
Scale metres
  Outlining the
 The concept of scale concept of scale
 explain the  Importance of scale  Explaining the
concept of  Types of scale importance of
scale - simple statement scale scale
 describe the - representative fraction  Listing the types
importance of - linear scale of scale
scale  Use of scale for producing  Differentiating
 outline types of simple maps the types of
scale scale
 distinguish  Drawing simple
among the maps using
types of scale scale
 demonstrate
the use of  Illustrating
scale in phenomena
Universal symbols drawing simple  Common universal symbols using universal
maps.  Interpretation of universal symbols
symbols on maps  Explaining
 draw universal universal
symbols symbols
 Interpret
universal  The concept of direction  Describing the
symbols on  Compass directions concept of
maps  Bearing direction
 Magnetic compasses and  Outlining
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 Direction  explain the  Compass directions and  Compass
concept of their use directions
direction  Computing
 illustrate bearings
compass  Finding
directions directions using
 calculate magnetic
bearings compasses
 navigate using
magnetic
compasses
Distance  measure  Measurement of straight and  Finding straight

distances winding distances on maps: and winding
using various - string distances on
methods - straight edged piece of maps
paper  Calculating
 demonstrate - pair of dividers distances using
the use of the  Calculation of straight the Pythagoras
Pythagoras distances theorem
theorem in the
calculation of
distance
Area  estimate area  Estimation of area on maps  Finding area on

on maps using maps using
grid squares graphs paper
and graph and grid
paper squares
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TOPIC 7: MINERALS AND MINING

able to:
Distribution of minerals  identify mines  Zimbabwe’s  Drawing maps
and mines in Zimbabwe and minerals in geological showing mines  Geological maps
Zimbabwe formations and minerals  Mineral samples
 Mines and distribution in  Local mines
minerals in Zimbabwe  Photographs of
Zimbabwe minerals
 describe the  Distribution of  Describing the  Recommended
distribution of mines and distribution of text books
mines and minerals in mines and  Talking books
minerals in Zimbabwe minerals in
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
 Touring mines
 list precious  Precious  Identifying

minerals in minerals in precious
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe minerals in
Zimbabwe
Ores and mineral  identify ores and  Ores and mineral  Identifying
groups mineral groups groups minerals
 Discussing the
characteristics of
ores and mineral
groups in
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Zimbabwe
Use and importance of  describe the  The economic  Discussing the

minerals economic importance of economic
importance of minerals in importance of
minerals in Zimbabwe minerals in
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
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TOPIC 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Learners should be able ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
to:
Aspects of the  identify aspects of  Aspects of the  explaining aspects of the
environment the environment environment environment  Photographs
 describe aspects of − land  Videos
the environment − water  Talking books
− air  Jaws software
 Local
environment
State of the  describe state of the  Environment:  Observing the state of the  Resource
environment environment − pristine environment persons
 distinguish between − degraded  EMA Act
pristine and  Discussing the pristine and  ZINWA Act
degraded state of degraded environment  Water Act
the environment  Parks and
Wildlife Act
 Forestry Act
Environmental  outline the  Management of  Investigating IKS on
management  Recommended
Indigenous - Land environmental management
text books
knowledge systems - Water
(IKS) in - Air  Discussing environmental
environmental - Wildlife management
management
 explain the
environmental  Developing environmental
management management plan
concept:
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TOPIC 9: AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES RECOMMENDED

Learners should be able AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
to:
Factors influencing  explain agriculture  Types of  Discussing the  Local farms
agriculture  Identify types of agriculture concept of  Charts showing
agriculture  Physical agriculture farming in
 explain factors factors  Listing types of Zimbabwe
influencing  Political factors agriculture  Local land uses
agriculture  Socio-  Explaining factors  Recommended
economic influencing text books
factors agriculture  Talking books
Farming as a  name elements of a  Inputs  Listing elements of

system farm  Processing a farm
 classify inputs into  Outputs  Differentiating
physical, human and classes of inputs
economic  Tabulating
 identify elements of a elements of a
communal farm communal farm
 identify land use  Land use zones  Drawing different

Land use zoning zones in a community land use zones on
such as:
 Justify the need for - arable land maps
zoning - grazing land
 outline suitability of - residential land
land for particular
land use  Land use  Explaining land
legislation such uses in the local
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as: the town and community
country planning  Justifying each
Act land use zone
 Touring farms
TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY

able to:
Types of industry  describe industry  Industry  Describing  Maps
 identify types of  Types of industry industry  Charts
industry  Identifying types  Newspaper
of industry  Talking books
 Jaws software
 Recommended
text books
Importance of industries  explain the  Importance of  Discussing
to Zimbabwe importance of industries importance of
industry industry
 Touring local
industries
Nature and distribution  describe the  Distribution of  Describing the

of industries in distribution of industries in distribution of
Zimbabwe industries in Zimbabwe industries in
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
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TOPIC 11: SETTLEMENT AND POPULATION

able to:
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Types of settlement  identify different  Characteristics of  Observing nature  Local environment
types of rural settlements of settlement in  Photographs
settlement local area  Jaws software
 Discussing  Maps
differences  Resource persons
between urban  Acts of Parliament
and rural  Constitution of
settlement Zimbabwe
 Recommended
 describe the  Characteristics of text books
characteristics urban settlements  Debating the  Talking books
features of advantages and
different disadvantages of
settlement types living either in
rural or urban
settlement
Site and situation of  distinguish site  Site and situation  distinguishing site
settlements and situation of a factors and situation of a
settlement  Nucleation settlement (rural
 outline general  Dispersion or urban)
site factors of
settlements
 identify site  describing the site
factors that of the local
influenced settlement/ any
location of their rural area you are
local settlement familiar to
 explain the
importance of
situation in
growth of
settlement
Rural settlement  identify rural  Rural settlement
patterns settlement patterns
patterns  Describing
 describe rural Page 39 of 110 arrangement of
settlement dwelling units in
patterns the local area
 explain conditions (rural or urban)
TOPIC12: TRANSPORT AND TRADE
FORM 1

Learners should be able to: ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Modes of  describe ‘transport’  Modes of  Describing ‘transport’ as a  Maps
Transport  Identify modes of transport transport concept showing
 explain changes in modes − air  Listing modes of transport transport
of transport in recent times − railway  Touring transport convergence  networks
− road centres such as airports ,and  Photograph
− water road ports, s
− pipeline  Jaws
software
Advantages  explain the advantages  Advantages  Outlining advantages and  Airports
and and disadvantages of and disadvantages of different  Road ports
Disadvantages modes of transport disadvantages modes of transport  Sea ports
of transport
 Talking
modes
books
 Recommen
ded
textbooks
Transport  explain the different  Transport  Mapping/drawing of transport
networks transport networks in networks and network routes of Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe, region and analysis  Describing transport networks
Africa. in Zimbabwe, region and
 draw transport networks Africa.
 calculate transport indices  Identifying transport networks
from maps
Page 40 of 110
 Drawing transport flow line
diagrams
 interpret transport indices  Calculating transport indices
 Interpreting transport indices
Transport  discuss solutions to  Transport  Discussing solutions to

challenges transport challenges challenges and transport challenges
solutions
Page 41 of 110
FORM 2 COMPETENCY MATRIX
FORM 2: SYLLABUS
TOPIC 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE

able to:
Weather hazards  outline weather  Weather hazards  Stating weather  Maps
hazards such as floods, hazards  Weather
lightning and instruments
drought  School weather
station
 describe causes  Causes of  Identifying  Print media
and effects of weather hazards hazards impacts  Electronic media
weather hazards  Weather hazards  Weather charts
impact  Resource persons
 Local environment
 suggest  Mitigation  Determining  Talking books
measures to measures mitigation  Recommended
reduce weather measure textbooks
hazards
Influence of people on  describe how  Effect of human  Identifying

weather human activities activities on human activities
contribute to weather such as which contribute
weather changes deforestation, to changes in
 evaluate the dam local weather
Page 42 of 110
effect of human construction,  Analysing the
influence on industrialisation effects of human
weather activities on
weather
Climate of Zimbabwe  describe  Climatic zones  describing

Zimbabwe’s and patterns in climatic zones of
climatic zones Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
 relate
Zimbabwe’s  Discussing
climatic zones to relationships
various between climatic
economic zones and
activities economic
activities of
Zimbabwe
Climate variability  describe climate  Climate  Discussing

variability variability in climate variability
Zimbabwe
(temperature and
rainfall
anomalies)
 describe effects  Effects of climate  Examining

of climate variability effects of climate
variability variability
 Solutions to
 suggest effects of climate  Discussing
solutions to variability solutions to
effects of climate effects of climatic
Page 43 of 110
variability variability
 Note: Learners
should continue
recording
weather data

able to:
Rocks  Identify main  Rock types;  Examining rocks  Rock samples
types of rocks  Describing the  Local environment
 Describe the − igneous formation of  Photographs
formation of − sedimentary rocks  Videos
each of the − metamorphic  Jaws software
main rock  Origin of rocks  Talking books
types  Distinguishing  Recommended
 describe the characteristics of textbooks
characteristics rocks
of various rock
under each  classifying rocks
main rock type under each main
 classify the rock type
rock types
Page 44 of 110
able to:
Weathering of  describe the  Physical/mechanical  Describing the main  Photographs
rocks and main types of weathering types of weathering  Jaws software
resultant weathering  Chemical weathering  Sketches diagrams
landforms  Distinguishing  Local environment
 distinguish between mechanical  Model of the earth
between and chemical  Maps
mechanical weathering
 Talking books
and chemical
 Recommended
weathering  Sketching landforms
textbooks
resulting from
 describe  Landforms resulting from weathering
landforms weathering  Observing landforms
resulting from -granitic landforms in the local area
weathering -karst landform
 Drawing the internal

structure of the earth
 Internal  illustrate with a  The parts of the internal  Modelling the
structure of diagram the structure of the earth internal structure of
the earth internal structure - crust the earth
of the earth - mantle
 describe the parts - core
of the internal
structure of the
earth
Page 45 of 110
TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS

to:
 Biodiversity  identify habitats in a  Species diversity  Undertaking Field  Maps
local ecosystem  Habitat diversity survey to determine  Photographs
 Genetic diversity biodiversity  Videos
 Adopting a micro  Jaws software
environment for  Local
biodiversity environment
conservation  Satellite images
 Participating in  Legislation such
biodiversity as Ecosystems
conservation Protection Act
projects  Talking books
Sustainable
  Recommended
Management of  describe sustainability Concept of  Describing textbooks
of ecosystem ecosystem ecosystems
ecosystems
sustainability sustainability
 identify strategies for  Conservation  Formulating ways of
conserving local measures against conservation of local
forests forests
environmental
 construct fireguards  Participating in
around the school challenges such
constructing
 plant trees in the as veld fires, fireguards
locality deforestation and  Planting trees and
 control local erosion soil erosion controlling soil erosion
Page 46 of 110
Tropical ecosystem  locate biomes in Africa  Equatorial  Describing the
rainforest location of individual
 Tropical biomes on a map.
continental
 Tropical desert
 identify the inputs,  Describing the inputs,

processes and outputs processes and
of each biome outputs of each
biome.
 explain the adaptations  Outlining the

of vegetation and adaptation of
animals in each biome vegetation and
animals in each biome
Page 47 of 110

able to:
Population and  describe the  Growth of  Discussing the  Maps
resources growth of population and growth of  Charts
population and its its effects on population and  Print media
effects on resources effects on  Magazines
resources resources  Zim Stat
Exploitation of  describe the  Discussing the  Local environment
natural resources in factors influencing factors influencing
Africa exploitation of the exploitation of
natural resources natural resources
Page 48 of 110
TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT

able to:
Economic  explain the  Importance of  Discussing the  Photographs
importance of energy importance of energy energy in role of energy in  Videos
types in economic activities agriculture, economic  Jaws software
mining, and development  Local environment
manufacturing  Print media
 examine the  Advantages and  Comparing and  Electronic media
advantages and disadvantages of contrasting  Talking books
disadvantages of using different different energy  Recommended
using different types sources of energy types textbooks
of energy
Relative importance • justifying the choice • Sources of energy: • Calculating the

of using different of particular types of -water relative costs of using
energy sources energy -wind different energy types
- solar, • Touring farms and
- nuclear factories that use
-biogas energy
-fossil fuels
-wood
-animal |draught
power
Page 49 of 110
FORM 2
Topic 6: Map work and Geographical Information Systems
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTE
ACTIVITIES D
RESOURCE
S
 Contour lines  describe the concept of  The concept of contour  Explaining the concept of  Ordinance
and their contour lines lines contour lines survey
interpretation  determine altitude using  Determination of altitude  Finding altitude using Maps
contour lines using contour lines contour lines
 Atlases
 identify landforms using  Identification of  Recognising contour
contour patterns landforms using contour patterns using contour  Talking
patterns patterns books
 Recomme
 Gradient  describe the concept of  The concept of gradient  Explaining the concept of nded
gradient gradient textbooks
 calculate gradient of a slope  Calculation of gradient  Finding the gradient of a
 apply gradient data to  Interpretation of gradient slope
understand phenomena on data  Describing phenomena on a
the map map using gradient data
 Landuse  describe types of landuse on  Types of landuse  Identifying types of landuse

Patterns a map on maps
 explain determinants of  Factors affecting landuse  Outlining determinants of
landuse zoning on maps patterns landuse patterns on map
 Outlining land uses from
maps
 identify landuse patterns on  Identification landuse
Page 50 of 110
a map patterns on maps  Recognising landuse
 describe types of landuse  Types of landuse patterns on a map
patterns patterns  Explaining the types of
− point data landuse patterns
− polygon/area data  Describing the determinants
− line data of landuse patterns
 explain processes  Processes

influencing landuse patterns influencing landuse
pattern on maps
Page 51 of 110
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Learners should be AND ACTIVITIES
able to:
Factors  describe the term  Mining  Discussing the meaning  Mining Maps
influencing mining  Factors influencing of mining  Models of Mining
mining in  describe the factors mining  Explaining factors methods
Zimbabwe influencing mining in influencing mining  Print media
Zimbabwe  Internet
 Videos on mining
methods
 Mines (including panning
Methods of  describe the mining  Methods of mining:  Discussing the mining sites)
mining methods in - Surface methods: advantages  Photographs
Zimbabwe - Underground and disadvantages of  Jaws software
- each.  Gold panners
 Talking books
Gold Panning in  identify methods  Gold panning in  Investigating methods  Recommended textbooks
Zimbabwe used in prospecting Zimbabwe: used to prospect for
for gold - prospecting gold
 identify methods methods  Describing methods
used in gold panning (including IKS) used in gold panning
 outline problems - mining methods  Touring gold panning
associated with gold  problems sites
panning associated with
cold panning
Page 52 of 110
 suggest measures to
increase the
contribution of gold
panning to the
national economy  Devising measures to
increase the
contribution of gold
panning proceeds to the
economy
Environmental  describe the  Environmental  Discussing

impacts of environmental impact of mining environmental impacts
mining impacts of mining of mining
 identify mitigation  Mitigation and  Touring a local mine to
measures rehabilitation of a study environmental
mining area impact of mining and
 identify mining area discussing solutions
rehabilitation  Developing a
measures sustainable
environmental
management plan
Page 53 of 110
to:
Environmental  describe forms of  Forms of  Outlining forms of  Local
degradation environmental environmental environmental environme
degradation degradation such as: degradation nt
 describe causes of − veld fires  Debating causes
environmental − soil erosion of environmental  Photograp
degradation − silting of rivers degradation hs
− rivers changing
courses  Jaws
− gullies software
− uncontrolled mining  Videos
− uncontrolled sand  Resource
abstraction persons
− deforestation  Climate
− destruction of Policy
wetlands document
− water pollution  Climate
− air pollution Change
− poor waste Response
management Strategy
practices document
− other forms such as  Talking
noise and graffiti books
 Recomme
 explain effects of  Social, economic and  Discussing nded
environmental physical effects effects of textbooks
degradation environmental
degradation
Page 54 of 110
 outline mitigation  Mitigation of
measures environmental  Explaining ways
degradation of mitigating
environmental
degradation
Impact of  identify impacts of Impact on :  Discussing

climate change climate change on  Land impacts of
on the the environment − soil climate change
environment − vegetation on the
 Water: environment
− quantity
− quality
 Air quality
 explain pros and  Negative impacts  Debating pros

cons of climate  Positive impacts and cons of
change climate change
impact in
Zimbabwe
Climate change  describe climate  Climate change  Identifying

mitigation change mitigation mitigation -targeting climate change
measures people and mitigation
environment measures
Page 55 of 110
able to:
Farming  identify the  Characteristics of farming types  Classifying  Local farms
types in dominant - Subsistence farming types in  Map showing
Zimbabwe farming types * Benefits and challenges Zimbabwe farming in
in Zimbabwe - Communal farming in Zimbabwe
 explain the Zimbabwe  Outlining  Photographs of
characteristics - Commercial characteristics farms or farming
of each farming * dairying, of each farming activities
type * horticulture/ market type  Jaws software
gardening  Talking books
* cattle ranching  Recommended
* mixed farming textbooks
* plantation and irrigation
farming
Agro-  draw  Regions 1- 6  Identifying
ecological Zimbabwe`s - location regions on a
regions of agro-ecological - characteristics map of
Zimbabwe regions on a - farming activities Zimbabwe
map of
Zimbabwe
 describe the  Outlining the
characteristics characteristics
of each region of each region
 explain the
farming  Identifying the
activities of farming
each region activities of
Page 56 of 110
each region
TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY

able to:
Secondary industry:  explain factors  Factors influencing  Discussing factors  Charts
factors influencing influencing the the location of influencing location of  Photographs
location of industry location of industries industry industry  Local industry
 Identifying types of  Maps
industrial location  Jaws software
 Explaining the factors  Talking books
influencing the location of  Recommended
a local industry textbooks
 Touring a local industrial
site
Types of manufacturing  differentiate  Differences between  Differentiating processing

and processing manufacturing from manufacturing and from manufacturing
industries processing processing industries
industries industries
 discuss example of  Examples of  Discussing examples of
manufacturing and manufacturing and manufacturing and
processing processing processing industries
industries industries
Page 57 of 110
Transnational  describe  Transnational  Explaining the concept
corporations (TNCs) transnational corporations transnational corporations
corporations
 discuss the  Advantages and  Describing the
advantages and disadvantages of advantages and
disadvantages of Transnational disadvantages of
Transnational corporations Transnational
corporations corporations
Page 58 of 110

to:
Urbanisation  explain the causes of  Causes of  Discussing  Graphs
urbanisation urbanisation causes of  Tables
 describe process of  Process of urbanisation  Local urban centre
urbanisation urbanisation  Explaining the  Photographs
process of  Videos
urbanisation  Print media
 describe effects of  Effects of  Debating effects  Electronic media
urbanisation urbanisation of urbanisation  Unplanned
 settlements
 Identifying  Jaws software
 suggest solutions to solution to  Talking books
problems of problems of  Recommended
urbanisation urbanisation textbooks
Urban land use models  describe urban land  Urban land use  Matching models
use zones zones: to actual towns in
- CBD Zimbabwe
- industrial  Undertaking an
zones educational
- residential tour/trip to an
zones urban area
recreational
 outline the main zones
features of different  Land use
land use models models:
- Concentric
- Sector
Page 59 of 110
to:
- Multiple-
nuclei
Unplanned urban  state characteristic of  Nature of  Undertaking an
Settlements unplanned unplanned educational tour
settlements settlements to unplanned
settlements
 Identifying
characteristics of
unplanned
settlements
 describe the location  Distribution of  Explaining the

of unplanned unplanned distribution of
settlements within settlements unplanned
urban centres within urban settlement
centres
 explain causes of  Causes of
unplanned unplanned
settlements settlements in
urban areas
Effects and solutions of  outline effects of  Unplanned  Identifying  Photographs
unplanned settlements unplanned settlements and effects of  Videos
settlements the environment unplanned  Local urban centre
 Socio-economic settlements  Local environment
impact of
Page 60 of 110
to:
unplanned  Print media
settlements  Electronic media
 suggest measures to  Measures to  Discussing  Unplanned
solve problems of solve problems solutions to the settlements
unplanned of unplanned challenges of  Jaws software
settlements settlement unplanned  Recommended
settlements textbooks
Disaster resilient  identify the main  Housing  Observing local  Talking books
Infrastructure features of disaster designs and infrastructure
resilient infrastructure materials designs
 Suggesting
examples of
disaster resilient
infrastructure
 describe factors  Factors to
considered in siting consider when
settlements siting
settlements
Page 61 of 110

Learners should be able to: NOTES AND
ACTIVITIES
Trade  Explain trade  Trade as a  Identifying  Maps showing trade
result of what patterns and volumes
demand in one necessitates  Recommended
place being met trade textbooks
by supply from  Talking books
another
 Describe trade patterns  Trade patterns  Outlining trade
in Zimbabwe, SADC, in Zimbabwe, patterns
Africa and the world SADC ,Africa
and the world  Drawing trade
diagrams
showing trade
patterns
Domestic and  outline the  Domestic trade  Interpreting

foreign trade characteristics of trade graphs
domestic and foreign  Foreign trade
trade  Outlining the
characteristics
of domestic
and foreign
trade
 differentiate domestic  discussing the

from foreign trade differences
Page 62 of 110
between
domestic and
foreign trade
Page 63 of 110
FORM 3:
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED SUGGESTED

Learners should NOTES AND RESOURCES
be able to: ACTIVITIES
Air masses  describe an air  Air mass  Describing an  Videos
mass air mass  Maps of
 classify air  Classification of  Describing the Zimbabwe, Africa
masses air masses basis for and the World
classifying air  Climatic tables
masses  Charts
 describe types of  Characteristics of  Discussing the  Synoptic maps
air masses and types of air types and  Recommended
their masses characteristics of textbooks
characteristics air masses  Talking books
Air masses affecting  describe weather  Air masses  Identifying air

Zimbabwe and associated with affecting masses affecting
Southern Africa air masses Zimbabwe and Zimbabwe
affecting Southern Africa (  Describing the
Zimbabwe and south-east and weather
Southern Africa north-east trades associated with
and north-west air masses
Page 64 of 110
trade winds) affecting
 Weather Zimbabwe and
associated with Southern Africa
air masses
affecting
Zimbabwe and
Southern Africa
 describe weather  The Inter-Tropical  Illustrating the
conditions Convergence position of the
associated with Zone(ITCZ) ITCZ in Africa in
the Inter-Tropical January and July
Convergence
zone
Climate types on a
global scale  explain the basis  Climatic types  Discussing the
for climatic and basis for climatic
classification on characteristics on classification on
a global scale a global scale i.e. a global scale
tropical climates,
 describe warm temperate  Drawing maps of
characteristics of climates and polar Africa showing
world’ s climatic climates major climatic
regions regions
Interpretation of climatic
data  interpret climatic  Climatic data  Describing
graphs and climatic tables
tables and graphs
Page 65 of 110

Learners should NOTES AND
Continental  outline the  The continental drift theory  Identifying  World map
Drift Theory continental evidence of  GIS (simulation)
drift theory the  Videos
continental  Jaws software
Plate  describe  Plate boundaries: drift theory  Recommended
tectonics tectonic − Constructive/Divergent  Illustrating textbooks
theory
movement − Destructive/Convergent constructive,  Talking books
 explain − Transform destructive
implication and
s of plate conservative
tectonic boundaries
movement  Discussing
s on implications
climate of plate
movements
Folding and  describe  Folding and resultant landforms  Illustrating

faulting processes  Faulting and resultant landforms landforms
of folding resulting from
and folding and
faulting faulting
Page 66 of 110
Continental  describe
drift theory resultant
landforms
 Volcanoes and Earthquakes
Volcanoes  outline the  Outlining the
and distribution distribution of
earthquake of volcanoes
s volcanoes and
and earthquakes
earthquake
s
 explain the  Explaining the
causes of
 Effects of volcanic activity and effects of
volcanoes volcanic
earthquakes
and earth activity and
quakes earthquakes
Effects of
 identify
tectonic
effects of
processes  Measures to reduce effects of
volcanic
vulcanicity and earthquakes
activity and  Suggesting
earthquake measures to
s reduces the
Mitigating effects of
effects of vulcanicity
vulcanicity and
Page 67 of 110
and  identify earthquakes
earthquake measures
s to reduce
effects of
vulcanicity
and
earthquake
s
Page 68 of 110
TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS
Learners should be able to: AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Biogeochemical  explain the  Biogeochemical  Describing  Local
cycles biogeochemical cycles cycles (Nutrient biogeochemical ecosystems
 outline the importance cycle, Nitrogen cycle cycles  Photographs
of biogeochemical and Carbon cycle)  Discussing the  Electronic media
cycles in the importance of the  Print media
ecosystem cycles to the  Jaws software
ecosystems  Recommended
textbooks
 Talking books
Wetlands  explain the importance  Importance of  Describing the  Wetlands

of wetlands wetlands importance of
 outline the benefits of wetlands
wetlands  Benefits of wetland  Discussing the
areas benefits of
wetlands
Conservation of  Identify methods of  Conservation methods  Explaining the  EMA Act
ecosystem conservation such as: methods of
- terracing conservation
- use of alternative
sources of energy such
as biogas, solar
- destocking
- legislation
- IKS
Restoration of  explain the methods of  Restoration methods  Discussing the  Degraded
ecosystems restoring ecosystems such as: methods of environment
- gully reclamation restoration
Page 69 of 110
 outline benefits of - grass planting  Explaining the
restoring ecosystems - tree planting benefits of
restoring the
ecosystems
 Adopting
degraded local
ecosystems and
rehabilitating
them
Benefits of  explain the importance  Benefits such as  Discussing the
ecosystems of ecosystems - timber benefits of
- carbon sinks ecosystems
- oxygen
- fruits/honey
- reduce soil erosion
- humus
- medicines
- increase in
precipitation
Page 70 of 110

able to:
Conservation of  describe  Resources  Undertaking field  Maps
resources resources  conservation methods of: trip /tour  Print media
conservation − fish  Identifying ways of  CITES
measures − water conserving  Reserves and
 identify ways of − soil resources sanctuaries
conserving − forest
resources  Wildlife parks
 Local environment
Wildlife  CAMPFIRE
management  describe wildlife  Types of wildlife management  Discussing districts such as
management − Game parks advantages and Mbire, Mahenye,
 identify − Conservancies disadvantages of Hurungwe
advantages of − Safari areas wildlife  Recommended
wildlife − Sanctuaries management textbooks
management − National parks  Talking books
Human wildlife  distinguish  Human-wildlife conflict

conflict problem-animals  Listing problem
from dangerous animals and
animals dangerous animals
 identify the  Causes of human-wildlife  Explaining the

causes of human- conflict causes of human-
Page 71 of 110
able to:
wildlife conflict wildlife conflict
 suggest solutions  Solutions to human-wildlife  Discussing the
to human wildlife conflict solutions to
conflict human-wildlife
 give reasons for  CAMPFIRE conflict
Communal Areas the establishment  Identifying reasons
Management of the CAMPFIRE for the
Programme For establishment of
Indigenous CAMPFIRE
Resources  Explaining the
 discuss the
(CAMPFIRE) benefits of
benefits of the  Benefits of CAMPFIRE CAMPFIRE
CAMPFIRE
 Discussing
sustainability of
 discuss the CAMPFIRE
sustainability of  Sustainability of CAMPFIRE
CAMFIRE  Note: Refer to a
specific case
study in
Zimbabwe.
Page 72 of 110
TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER
Page 73 of 110
Learners should be able to: AND ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
Page 74 of 110
Conservation of  explain how energy  Energy  Explaining  Local environment
energy sources sources can be conservation energy  Policies and
conserved methods: conservation strategies such
-Increased use  Participating in as:
of public conservation − Renewable
transport activities such energy policy
-Use of as tree planting − Bio-fuels policy
renewable and recycling − Climate policy
energy sources − Climate change
(wind, biogas, response strategy
Hydro- electric  Recommended
power, textbooks
solar power)  Talking books
Energy  analyse types of energy  Production of  Conducting
production and used and conservation energy in the survey on
conservation in measures undertaken in local area energy
the local area the local area  Conservation conservation in
measures: the local area
− reforestation  Making energy
− use of energy conserving
efficient technologies
technologies such as: -
biogas digester
and tsotso
stove
Note:
Learners are
encouraged to
form energy
conserving
clubs
Page 75 of 110
TOPIC 6: MAP WORK AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

able to:
Global Positioning  explain the  The concept of GPS  Describing how GPS  GPS units
System and world concept of GPS works  Smart phones
time zones  Q GIS software
 apply GPS  Navigation using  Navigating using (open source)
technology in GPS GPS  Computers
navigation  The Internet –
Google earth/
Flashearth
 calculate time  World time zones  Finding the time  Recommended
using longitude - Calculating time zone of a location textbooks
using longitude  Talking books
The Electromagnetic  describe the  The concept of light  Explaining the
spectrum concept of light as as a wave concept of light as a
a wave wave
 Describing the
 explain the visible  The visible wave visible wave bands
wave bands of the bands of the of the
electromagnetic electromagnetic
electromagnetic
spectrum spectrum
spectrum
Page 76 of 110
 apply the  Application of the  Demonstrating the
electromagnetic electromagnetic ability to use the
spectrum in the spectrum in the electromagnetic
interpretation of interpretation of
spectrum in the
photographs photographs.
interpretation of
photographs

to:
Small scale  describe small  Small scale  Discussing small  Maps
mining in scale mining mining scale mining  Charts
Zimbabwe  describe the  Contribution of  Discussing the  Print media
contribution of small small scale contribution of  Internet
scale mining to the mining to the small scale  Mines and
economy of economy of mining to the Minerals Act
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe economy  Environmental
Management Act
 explain the  Challenges  Identifying  NASSA Act
challenges and and solutions challenges and  EMA officials
solutions to small solutions to small  Resource
scale mining scale mining persons
Page 77 of 110
 Recommended
textbooks
Processing of  outline the  Legislative  Researching on  Talking books
minerals in legislative framework on legal
Zimbabwe and framework on mining and requirements on
Africa mining and mining mining rights mining and
rights mining rights
 explain the  The processing  Discussing the
processing of of selected processing of
selected minerals in minerals in selected minerals
Zimbabwe and Zimbabwe and in Zimbabwe and
Africa Africa Africa
Beneficiation and  describe the  The  Discussing the

Value addition importance of beneficiation of importance of
beneficiation of minerals in beneficiation of
minerals in Zimbabwe minerals
Zimbabwe
Safety and  explain the  Issues of  Discussing safety
Health in mining importance of safety and and health issues
safety and health health in in mining
issues in mining mining
Page 78 of 110

able to:
Environmental management  explain  Environmental  Interpreting key  Constitution of
legislation in Zimbabwe environmental management provisions of Zimbabwe
management legislation environmental  Environmental
legislation management Management Act
legislation  Ecosystems
Protection Act
 Photographs
 assess the  Effectiveness of  Explaining the  Videos
effectiveness environmental effectiveness of  Resource persons
of requisite management environmental  Jaws software
legislation on legislation management  Recommended
environmental legislation textbooks
management  Talking books
Page 79 of 110
 discuss  Challenges and  Discussing
challenges and Solutions challenges and
solutions of solutions of
implementing implementing
environmental environmental
management management
legislation legislation
FORM 3

Learners ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
should be able
to:
Land tenure  describe land  Land tenure systems  Explaining land tenure  Title deeds and
tenure - Free-hold  Listing land tenure types lease
 identify forms - Leasehold  Describing characteristics agreements
of land tenure - Communal of each tenure system forms
in Zimbabwe - State-owned  Giving advantages and  Charts
 explain  Advantages and disadvantages disadvantages of each illustrating
characteristic land tenure system models of
s of each resettlement
land tenure  Resettlement
Page 80 of 110
Learners ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
should be able
to:
system farms
 compare land  Newly resettled
tenure farmers
systems  Recommended
Land reform  describe land  Reorganisation of land  Discussing land reform textbooks
reform - Land tenure  Debating the need for land  Talking books
 explain forms - Landuse reform
of land reform  land consolidation  Explaining forms of land
 land fragmentation reform
Land reform  identify  Resettlement:  Justifying land reform in

in Zimbabwe reasons for - Phase1 (the willing seller Zimbabwe
land reform in willing buyer) and Phase 2  Explaining land reform in
Zimbabwe (accelerated) Zimbabwe
 explain the * Aims  Touring resettlement
land reform * Processes farms
process in * Outcomes
Zimbabwe * Challenges and solutions
* Characteristics of
resettlement models
 outline the  Small scale farming and food  Discussing the
contribution security contribution of small scale
of small-scale farming to food security
farming to
food security
Page 81 of 110
TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED SUGGESTED

Learners should NOTES AND RESOURCES
Small to  describe the  small to medium enterprise  Describing the  Print media
medium causes , − causes characteristics  Pamphlets
enterprises characteristi − characteristics , causes and  Government
cs and − location location of publications
location of small to  Statutory
small to medium instruments
medium enterprises  Recommended
enterprises textbooks
 Talking books
The role of  discuss the  The role of informal industries in  Discussing the
informal role of Zimbabwe role of informal
industries in informal industries in
Zimbabwe industries in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe
Page 82 of 110
 Discussing
Occupational  discuss  Occupational safety and health measures
safety and measures adopted in
health in adopted in industries to
industry industries to promote
promote occupational
occupational safety and
safety and health
health
 identify
Challenges solutions to  Challenges facing  Discussing
associated with challenges manufacturing and processing solutions
manufacturing facing industries in Zimbabwe associated
and processing manufacturin with
industries in g and challenges
Zimbabwe processing facing
industries in manufacturing
Zimbabwe and
processing
industries in
Zimbabwe
Page 83 of 110

able to:
Population  describe  Population terms such  Describing  The home
terms population terms as: population terms  The local
 apply population - Birth rate, death  Applying population community
terms at local or rate terms  Census reports
national levels - Infant mortality  Recommended
rate textbooks
- Fertility  Talking books
Population data  collect population  Population data  Conducting sample  Class members
collection, data within the collection and survey and a school  Family members
presentation and school or local analysis techniques census  Population
interpretation community  Population data  Drawing population pyramids
 analyse presentation pyramids
population data techniques  Discussing the data
Page 84 of 110
able to:
 present  Comparing
population data population pyramids
 interpret of different
population data regions(Zimbabwe
and
Sweden/Germany)
Population  describe  Population  Identifying  Population

distribution and population distribution in population maps of
density in distribution in Zimbabwe: distribution Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, - Africa patterns  Population
Africa and the Africa, and the - World maps of Africa
world world  Population
maps of the
 explain  Variations in  Discussing World
differences in population causes of
population density in population
density in Zimbabwe, distribution/densi
Zimbabwe, Africa and the ty
Africa and the world
world  Factors affecting
population
density
Page 85 of 110
TOPICS OBJECIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND RECOMMENDED

able to:
Regional imbalances in  demonstrate how  Trade  Explaining the concept  Maps of
trade trading patterns imbalances of ‘regional trade internal,
may create within a imbalance’ regional and
imbalances country  Identifying trade international
nationally and  Regional imbalances on maps trade
between trade nationally, regionally  Recommend
regions/nations imbalances and internationally ed textbooks
 International  Talking
trade books
imbalances
Trading blocs  name economic  Trading blocs  Listing of trading

groupings like - SADC groupings
Page 86 of 110
SADC,COMESA, - COMESA
ECOWAS, - ECOWAS
OPEC, EU - OPEC
- EU
 Give reasons for  Explaining the aims of
the formation of the different economic
trading blocs groupings
FORM 4 SYLLABUS COMPETENCY MATRIX

able to:
Temperate depressions  describe factors  Development of  Discussing  Maps
influencing the temperate structure and  Photographs
development and depressions development of  Charts
distribution of temperate  Jaws software
temperate depressions  Recommended
depressions textbooks
 Talking books
Frontal systems  describe weather  Types of fronts  Identifying types
associated with and related of fronts and
different types of weather their associated
fronts weather
Tropical cyclones  discuss the  Distribution and  Describing the

distribution and development of distribution and
development of tropical cyclones development of
Page 87 of 110
tropical cyclones  Weather tropical cyclones
 explain weather conditions and  Explaining
hazards hazards weather
associated with associated with conditions and
tropical cyclones tropical cyclones hazards
associated with
tropical cyclones
 identify human  Human influence  Identifying

Human influence on activities on climate such human activities
climate influencing as afforestation, influencing
climate desertification, climate
dam construction
 describe the  Nature, causes  Discussing the

Climate change nature, causes and effects of nature, causes
and effects of climate change and effects of
climate change climate change
in Zimbabwe and
the world at large
 identify ways of  Adaptation to  Identifying ways
adaptation and climatic change of adaptation
mitigation  Mitigation and mitigation
against climate against climate against climate
change change change
Page 88 of 110

Learners should ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
be able to:
Landforms  describe  Seasonal nature of rivers  Labelling of rivers in  Maps
resulting the nature in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
from water of seasonal  Local rivers
action and water flow  Processes operating
river in rivers along a river channel  Photography
processes  explain  Explaining the processes
river  Landforms resulting from operating along a river  Recommended
processes river processes: channel textbooks
in shaping − valleys  Talking books
the − meanders
landscape − waterfalls
 describe − rapids  Describing landforms
landforms resulting from river
resulting processes:
from river − valleys
processes − meanders
Page 89 of 110
− waterfall
− rapids etc
Landforms  describe  Characteristics of arid and  Discussing characteristics
resulting the semi arid regions of arid and semi-arid
from wind characterist regions
action ics of arid
and semi  Distribution of arid and
arid semi-arid regions  Describing factors
regions influencing location and
extent of arid and semi-
 explain the  Wind action processes arid areas in Zimbabwe
distribution such as erosion, and Africa
of arid and transportation and
semi-arid deposition
regions
 explain the  Explaining wind action

processes processes of erosion,
of wind transportation and
action disposition
 describe  Landforms resulting from  Describing the formation

the wind action areas in of landforms from wind
landforms Zimbabwe and Africa action
resulting
from wind
action
Hazards  describe  Hazards associated with  Describing hazards  Print and
Page 90 of 110
associated the landforms development associated with landform electronic media
with hazards development
landform associated
development with
landform
developme  Disaster risk management
nt of :
Disaster risk − volcanoes  Discussing disaster risk
managemen − earthquakes management of
t of − flooding volcanoes, earth quakes,
volcanoes,  identify − mass wasting flooding and mass
earthquakes methods of wasting
, flooding, disaster
mass risk
wasting manageme
nt of
volcanoes,
earthquake
flooding
and mass
wasting
TOPIC 3: ECOSYSTEMS

able to:
Soil  identify  Components of soil:  describing the  Soil samples
components components of − air components of soil  Instruments to
soil − organic matter  collecting soil measure soil
Page 91 of 110
 measure soil − water and samples components
components − minerals  measuring soil  Recommended
 analyse soil components textbooks
components  drawing tables and  Talking books
graphs from findings
 analysing findings
Soil forming  describe the  Soil forming processes:  Explaining the
processes in processes of − gleyzation process of
the tropics gleyzation and − cheluviation gleyzation and
and soil cheluviation cheluviation
types  Soil types
− sand
 name type of soils − clay  Differentiating soil
formed through − loam types
soil forming
processes in the
tropics
Soil  explain soil  Soil profile  Identifying (digging)  Soil profile in the
properties profiles  Soil properties: the soil profile in the local area
 identify soil − texture local area  Soil samples
properties − structure  Discussing the soil  Litmus paper
 describe horizons − colour properties
in the soil profile − pH  Drawing the soil
− organic content profile
− mineral content  Testing the pH
Page 92 of 110
TOPIC 5: GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

able to:
Venn Diagrams  describe the basic  Boolean logic  Explaining the basic  Recommended
(Boolean logic) functions of Boolean - intersection functions of Boolean textbooks
logic - union logic.  Talking books
- complement
 Using Boolean logic
 apply the Boolean
basics to interpret
logic in solving  Application of
spatial problems
simple spatial Boolean logic in
solving simple
problems
spatial problems
 describe the concept  The concept of  Explaining the
of overlay analysis concept of overlay
overlay analysis
Overlay Analysis analysis
 Using relational and
 apply relational and  Use of relational
conditional
conditional statements in
statements in overlay
statements in overlay analysis
analysis.
 Use of conditional
overlay analysis
statements in
overlay analysis
Page 93 of 110

Learners should be able ACTIVITIES RESOURCES
to:
Sustainable use  explain sustainable  Sustainable use  Discussing  Print media
of mineral use of mineral of mineral sustainable use of  Videos
resources resources resources such resources  Mines
as, reuse and  EIA guidelines
recycling  EIA experts
Environmental  describe  Environmental  Discussing  Maps
Impact environmental impact environmental impact  Ministry of mines
Assessment impact assessment in assessment in mining  Jaws software
(EIA) in mining assessment mining  Recommended
textbooks
 describe the  The importance  Discussing the  Talking books
importance of of environmental importance of
environmental impact environmental impact
impact assessment in assessment in mining
assessment in mining
mining
Cost-benefit  explain the cost-  Cost-benefit  Calculating cost-
Page 94 of 110
analysis (CBA) benefit analysis analysis benefit for a
concept hypothetical mining
 describe the project
importance of the  Discussing the
cost-benefit importance of cost-
analysis in mining benefit analysis

able to:
Environmental  identify  International  Discussing international  International
management at international treaties and treaties and protocols treaties and
global level treaties and protocols in  domestication (applying protocols such
protocols relevant environmental international treaties and as :
to environmental management protocols to Zimbabwe`s − UN Framework
management environment legislative Convention on
framework) Climate
Change
− Kyoto Protocol
 discuss pros and  Pros and cons of  Debating on pros and − Montreal
cons of domesticating cons of domesticating Protocol
domesticating international international treaties and − Bamako
international treaties and protocols Convention
treaties and protocols − Basel
protocols Convention
Land use planning as  describe land use  Land use planning  Explaining land use − Zambezi River
Page 95 of 110
a strategy for planning in Zimbabwe planning in Zimbabwe Basin Action
sustainable Plan
environmental  explain land use  Land use planning  Describing land use  Resource
management planning as a as a strategy for planning as a strategy for persons
strategy for sustainable sustainable  Land use
sustainable environmental environmental related
environmental management management legislation
management such as:
 identify  Challenges in land  Outlining challenges in − Regional,

challenges in use planning land use planning Town and
land use planning Country
Planning Act
 suggest  Mitigation  Discussing mitigation  Recommende
mitigation measures: measures d textbooks
measures  Talking books
− risk informed land
use planning
related policies
and legislation
TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Learners should be ACTIVITIES
able to:
Climate change and  deduce the effects of  Effects of climate  Identifying the effects of  Climate change simulation
Page 96 of 110
able to:
agriculture climate change on change on climate change on data
agriculture agriculture agriculture worldwide,  World map showing possible
 suggest mitigation  Mitigation in  Discussing mitigation effects
measures agriculture  Outlining measures for  Photographs
each effect  Pests
 assemble possible  Adaptation  Suggesting adaptation  Farms
adaptation measures measures for Zimbabwe  Electronic media
and Southern Africa  Jaws software
 Recommended textbooks
Agricultural diseases, • identify agricultural • Diseases • Naming diseases and  Talking books
pests and solutions diseases and pests • Pests pests
• describe the effects • Effects of pests and • Discussing the effect of
of pests and diseases diseases on pests and diseases on
productivity productivity
• suggest manual, • Biological and • identifying control
biological and chemical Control methods
chemical control • Touring farms
measures
Urban Agriculture  evaluate  Urban • assessing urban

advantages and agriculture agriculture
disadvantages of -nature
urban agriculture -advantages
-disadvantages
 identify problems • problems of • explaining problems of
of urban urban urban agriculture
agriculture agriculture
 suggest solutions • solutions • discussing solutions to
to the problems for urban problems of urban
Page 97 of 110
able to:
agriculture agriculture
Agribusiness  list types of  Forms of  Naming Agribusiness  Agribusiness
agribusiness in Agribusiness types  Internet
Zimbabwe funding  Suggesting possible  Videos on small
 identify sources of sources of funding Agribusinesses
funding for small  Jaws software
scale  Recommended textbooks
agribusiness  Discussing  Talking books
 Importance of
 evaluate Agribusiness importance of
importance of Agribusiness
agribusiness to  Proposing small
the individual and projects based on
economy Agriculture
TOPIC 9: INDUSTRY

able to:
Service Industries  describe service  Service  Discussing  Zimbabwe Tourist
industry industries characteristics of maps
Page 98 of 110
able to:
service industries  Tourist magazines
and brochures
 Tourist sites
Tourism and its  define tourism  Tourism  Discussing the  Videos on tourism
importance in  describe tourism  Importance of importance of and service
Zimbabwe in Zimbabwe tourism in tourism in industries
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe  Jaws software
 Tourist  Touring local tourist  Recommended
attractions in sites textbooks
Zimbabwe  Talking books
 describe  Problems  Discussing

problems associated with problems associate
associated with tourism in d with service
tourism in Zimbabwe industry in
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe
 suggest solutions  Solutions to  Suggesting
to problems faced tourism related solutions to tourism
by tourism in problems related problems
Zimbabwe
Quaternary industries  
describe  Quaternary Describing
quaternary Industries quaternary
industries in industries
Zimbabwe
Page 99 of 110
able to:
 explain problems  Problems  Discussing
Challenges associated with associated with problems
associated with service and service and associated with
service and quaternary quaternary service and
quaternary industries industries in industries in quaternary
in Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Zimbabwe industries in
Zimbabwe

able to:
Population growth  identify factors  Factors affecting  Discussing  Map of
patterns which influence population growth: factors which Zimbabwe
population - birth rate affect  World map
growth - death rate population  Videos
 explain factors - immigration growth  Photographs
which influence - emigration of migrants
population  Case studies
growth of :
− Typical
developing
Causes and effects of  describe causes  Causes:  Discussing countries
migration of migration − push factors causes of − Typical
 explain effects − pull factors migration developed
of migration  Effects in:  Discussing countries
Page 100 of 110

− sending effects of  Photographs
areas migration showing
− receiving diseases in:
areas  developing
 outline different  Internal migration  Outlining the countries
categories of − rural to urban categories of  developed
migration − urban to rural migration countries
− urban to urban
− rural to rural  Videos of
− intra-urban people
− Intra- rural suffering from
various
 International diseases of
migration HIV/AIDS,
 Voluntary and Ebola,
involuntary hypertension
Population policy  Population policies  Population

 describe the in developing  Discussing the pyramids of
rationale of countries importance of contrasting
having population population
population  Population policies policies growth
policies in developed  Debating the  Recommende
 explain the countries need for d textbooks
effects of  Policies promoting population  Talking books
population population growth policies
policies for  Policies limiting
named population growth
developed and
developing
countries
Page 101 of 110

Population and  describe  Common diseases
diseases diseases in:  Discussing
associated with − developing reasons for the
developing countries (at least incidence/sprea
countries one of water borne, d of diseases in
 describe vector borne and developing and
diseases nutritional diseases) developed
associated with − developed countries countries
developed (mainly lifestyle
countries diseases).
 explain the  Reasons for

difference in variations in  Discussing
diseases diseases spread differences in
between between developing diseases
developed and and developed between
developing countries developed and
countries developing
 explain social  Socio-economic countries
and economic effects of diseases  Debating socio-
effects of economic
diseases effects of
diseases
The Demographic
Transition Model (DTM)  describe the  Stages of the DTM  The
features of the  Critique of the DTM  Describing the Demographic
Page 102 of 110

various stages stages of the Transition
of the DTM  Examples of DTM Model
 identify countries with:  Assessing the  Population
countries with − high population applicability of pyramids
high/low growth the DTM to local
population − declining population community and
growth rate Zimbabwe
 Effects of population  Discussing
growth effects of high
population
growth
Effects of population
growth/decline  explain the  Effects of declining  Discussing
effects of population effects of
population declining
growth(negative population
or positive)
Page 103 of 110

8.0 ASSESSMENT
8.1 Assessment Objectives
Learners will be assessed on their ability to demonstrate:
 Knowledge and understanding of:

o processes underlying physical and human landscapes and spatial patterns
o how landscapes and patterns change
o environmental inter-relationships
 Skills and their application:
o Basic skills of observation, recording, interpretation and analysis
o Use of Secondary sources of data
o Draw and interpret tables, graphs, maps, charts and diagrams
o How to select, use and communicate information and conclusions effectively
 Judgement and decision making:
o The role of values, perceptions and decision making in evolution of patterns in human Geography
o How to use Geographical principles and concepts in interpreting situations at various scales
o How to prepare, justify and evaluate solutions to environmental and socio-economic problems
o Recall, recognize and use Geographical terms and definitions
Page 104 of 110

8.2 Scheme of Assessment
The assessment in Geography will be based on 40% continuous assessment and 60% summative assessment.
Arrangements, accommodation and modifications must be visible in both continuous and summative assessment to enable
learners with special needs to access assessment and receive accurate performance measurement of their abilities.
Continuous Assessment
Level Assessment task Frequency Weighting
Form 1 Practical assignment 1per term 5%

Theory test 1 per term
Project 1 per year

Project 1 per year

Project 1 per year
Page 105 of 110

Form 4 Practical assignment 1 per term (term 1 and 2) 15%
Theory test 1 per term (term 1 and 2)
Project 1 per year
TOTAL 40%
*NB: Each assessment task is marked out of 100
8.2.2 Summative Assessment
Paper Paper type Marks Duration Weighting
1 Multiple choice 40 1 hour 15 minutes 20%
2 Structured – free-response and data 100 2 hours 30 minutes 40%

response
TOTAL 60%
Description of papers
The examination will consist of 2 papers: Paper 1 and Paper 2
Paper 1: Multiple choice:
Duration: One hour thirty minutes
Page 106 of 110

The paper consists of 40 multiple choice questions, marked out of 40. The paper is compulsory and will be set on all syllabus
topics.
Paper 2: Structured free-response and data response

Duration: Two hours thirty minutes, marked out of 100 and constituting 40% of the total weighting
The paper consists of twelve structured free-response and data-response questions, four in Section A, four in Section B and four in
Section C. Candidates are required to answer four questions, one from section A, one from section B, one from section C and one
other question chosen from any section. Each question will score 25 marks.
8.3 Specification Grid
Skill Paper 1 Paper 2

Knowledge and comprehension 40% 30%
Skills (including practical) and their 40% 40%

Application
Judgement and decision making 20% 30%
TOTAL 100% 100%
Page 107 of 110

8.4 CONTENT SPECIFICATION GRID
8.4.1 Paper one
Content Map work and Weather and Natural Settlement and Total items % Skill
assessment geographical climate, resources, population, weighting
information Landforms and Minerals and Transport and
systems. landscapes, mining, trade,
Ecosystems, Industry, Environmental
Agriculture and management,
land reform. Energy and
power.
Objectives
Skill 1 7 items 4 items 3 items 14 35%
knowledge with
understanding
Skill 2 10 items 3 items 2 items 2 items 17 42.5%
Skills and their
application
Page 108 of 110

Skill 3 2 items 3 items 2 items 2 items 9 22.5%
Judgement and
decision making
Total 12 items 13 items 8 items 7 items 40 100%
8.4.2 Paper two
Content Number of questions
Section A: Weather and climate, Landforms and landscapes, 4

Ecosystems, Map work and geographical information systems.
Section B: Natural resources, Minerals and mining, Industry, 4

Agriculture and land reform.
Section C: Settlement and population, Transport and trade, 4

Environmental management, Energy and power.
Total 12
Page 109 of 110

Page 110 of 110

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MINISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

Curriculum Development Unit

©All Rights Reserved

• National Geography Subject Panel

• Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education Science and Technology

• Representatives from Teachers` Colleges

• Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC)

• Department of Geography and Environmental Science (UZ)

• Department of Science and Mathematics Education (UZ)

• Department of Geography and Environmental Studies (MSU)

• United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

1.3 SUMMARY OF CONTENT

. The following are suggested methods of teaching and learning geography:

1.6 CROSS-CUTTING THEMES

4.0 SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES

5.1 Weather and Climate

6.1 TOPIC 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE

FORM 1 FORM 2 FORM 3 FORM 4

FORM 1 FORM 2 FORM 3 FORM 4

6.4 TOPIC 4: NATURAL RESOURCES

6.5 TOPIC 5: ENERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT

6.7 TOPIC 7: MINERALS AND MINING

6.8 TOPIC 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

 Land use planning as

6.9 TOPIC 9: AGRICULTURE AND LAND REFORM

FORM 1 FORM 2 FORM 3 FORM 4

6.10 TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY

Topic 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE

 describe the  The Stevenson  Explaining the

Weather  explain weather  Weather  Stating the meaning of

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

Benefits of  explain benefits  Discussing

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED

Micro ecosystem  identify components  Components of micro  Listing inputs, processes

Sustainable use of  describe how  Sustainable  Discussing

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED SUGGESTED RESOURCES

Types of maps  classify map  Major types of maps  Categorising

Location on maps  determine the  Coordinate systems  Locating

Distance  measure  Measurement of straight and  Finding straight

Area  estimate area  Estimation of area on maps  Finding area on

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

 list precious  Precious  Identifying

Use and importance of  describe the  The economic  Discussing the

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES RECOMMENDED

Farming as a  name elements of a  Inputs  Listing elements of

 identify land use  Land use zones  Drawing different

TOPIC 10: INDUSTRY

Nature and distribution  describe the  Distribution of  Describing the

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES SUGGESTED

TOPIC OBJECTIVES CONTENT SUGGESTED NOTES AND SUGGESTED

Transport  discuss solutions to  Transport  Discussing solutions to

TOPIC 1: WEATHER AND CLIMATE

Influence of people on  describe how  Effect of human  Identifying

Climate of Zimbabwe  describe  Climatic zones  describing

Climate variability  describe climate  Climate  Discussing

 describe effects  Effects of climate  Examining