AS 2812—1985

Australian Standard

WELDING, BRAZING AND

CUTTING OF METALS—
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
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 This Australian standard was prepared by Committee WD/1, Welding Definitions and
Symbols. It was approved on behalf of the Council of the Standards Association of
Australia on 18 June 1985 and published on 2 December 1985.

The following interests are represented on Committee WD/1:

Australian Welding Institute
Australian Welding Research Association
Bureau of Steel Manufacturers of Australia
Confederation of Australian Industry
CSIRO, Division of Manufacturing Technology
Department of Defence
Department of Employment and Industrial Affairs, Vic.
Electricity Supply Association of Australia
Melbourne and Metropolitan Tramways Board
Metal Trades Industry Association of Australia
Railways of Australia Committee
Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology

Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject
to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editi ons as necessary. It is
important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest editi on, and any
amendments thereto.
Full detail s of all Australi an Standards and related publications wil l be found in the Standards Australia
Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine ‘The Australi an
Standard’, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editi ons
and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards.
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Suggesti ons for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head offi ce of Standards Australia,
are welcomed. Noti fi cati on of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australi an Standard should be made
without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.

This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 83249.

 AS 2812—1985

Australian Standard

WELDING, BRAZING AND

CUTTING OF METALS—
GLOSSARY OF TERMS

First publi shed (as AS Z5, Part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . 1958

Revised . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1968
AS 2812 fi rst published . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1985
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PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

(STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA)
1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 3855 4
 AS 2812—1985 2

PREFACE

This standard was prepared by the Association’s Committee on Welding Definitions

and Symbols. It supersedes AS Z5, Glossary of Metal Welding Terms and Definitions,
Part 1 — 1968— General Terms for Welding, Brazing and Cutting. It provides
definitions of terms used in connection with welding, brazing, and cutting of metals.
Process abbreviations which are commonly used in industry, e.g, MMAW, are
included.
The standard is intended to serve as a basis for securing uniformity in terminology in
the welding industry, standards, and welding education throughout Australia.
Major technical changes which have been introduced in this standard include the
addition of several new terms particularly in relation to health and safety, and to new
processes such as ‘laser-beam welding’.
Terms and definitions relating to processes in general have been grouped in a separate
section. These terms are repeated in other sections, as appropriate.
The layout of the previous edition has been retained so that terms relating to various
processes are listed and defined in individual sections. However, the terms in each
section have been arranged in a purely alphabetical sequence.
Figures illustrating more than one term or repeated terms have been grouped in an
appendix. This arrangement was made to facilitate reference to these figures. Figures
showing derivation of various processes are included.
In some cases, more than one term is listed. The first term (printed in bold type)
should be regarded as the preferred term.
An alphabetical index of all defined terms completes the standard.
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 3 AS 2812—1985

CONTENTS
Page

SECTION 1. DEFINITIONS OF PROCESSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

SECTION 2. GENERAL T ERMS RELATING TO WELDING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

SECTION 3. TERMS R ELATING TO FUSION W ELDING (WELDING W ITHOUT

PRESSURE )

3.1 General Terms Relating to Fusion Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 16

3.2 Terms Relating to Arc Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 25
3.3 Terms Relating to Gas Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 32
3.4 Terms Relating to Electron-beam and Laser-beam Welding . . . . .. . 33
3.5 Terms Relating to Electroslag and Electrogas Welding . . . . . . ... . 36
3.6 Terms Relating to Aluminothermic Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 36

SECTION 4. TERMS R ELATING TO WELDING WITH PRESSURE

4.1 General Terms Relating to Welding With Pressure . . . . .. .. . .. .. 37

4.2 Terms Relating to Resistance Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. .. 38
4.3 Terms Relating to Forge Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. 48
4.4 Terms Relating to Pressure Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. 49
4.5 Terms Relating to Stud Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. 49
4.6 Terms Relating to Ultrasonic Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . 50
4.7 Terms Relating to Friction Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. .. 50
4.8 Terms Relating to Diffusion Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . 50
4.9 Terms Relating to Explosive Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . 50

SECTION 5. TERMS R ELATING TO BRAZE WELDING , BRAZING AND SOLDERING

5.1 General Terms Relating to Braze Welding, Brazing and Soldering . . 52

5.2 Terms Relating to Braze Welding and Brazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.3 Terms Relating to Soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

SECTION 6. TERMS R ELATING TO THERMAL S PRAYING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

SECTION 7. TERMS R ELATING TO THERMAL C UTTING

7.1 General Terms Relating to Thermal Cutting . . . . .. ... .. . . . .. .. 55

7.2 Terms Relating to Oxygen Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . .. 55
7.3 Terms Relating to Plasma Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . ..... .. . . . .. .. 57
7.4 Terms Relating to Arc Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .... . . . .. .. 57
7.5 Terms Relating to Spark-erosion Cutting . . . . . . ... .. .. . . . .. .. 57
7.6 Terms Relating to Electron-beam and Laser-beam Cutting . . . . .. .. 57
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SECTION 8. TERMS R ELATING TO WELD IMPERFECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

SECTION 9. TERMS R ELATING TO DESTRUCTIVE TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

SECTION 10. TERMS RELATING TO HEALTH AND SAFETY .... .. ... .. ..... . 75

APPENDIX A. GENERAL ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
 AS 2812-1985 Welding, brazing and cutting of metals -
Glossary of terms
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