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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 11970

Second edition
2016-03-01

Specification and qualification of

welding procedures for production
welding of steel castings
Descriptif et qualification de modes opératoires de soudage pour le
soudage de production des aciers moulés

Reference number
ISO 11970:2016(E)

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ISO 11970:2016(E)


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ISO 11970:2016(E)


Contents Page

Foreword...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. vi
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references....................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS).................................................................................................. 2
5 Welding procedure qualification.......................................................................................................................................................... 2
6 Test piece....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
6.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
6.2 Shape and dimensions of test piece....................................................................................................................................... 2
6.3 Welding of sample................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
7 Examination and testing................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
7.1 Extent of testing...................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
7.2 Location and cutting of test specimens.............................................................................................................................. 5
7.3 Non-destructive testing.................................................................................................................................................................... 5
7.4 Destructive test........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
7.4.1 Transverse (to weld groove) tensile test...................................................................................................... 7
7.4.2 Macro-examination......................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.4.3 Micro-examination.......................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.4.4 Impact test.............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
7.4.5 Hardness test....................................................................................................................................................................... 7
7.5 Qualification and retesting............................................................................................................................................................ 8
7.6 Welder qualification............................................................................................................................................................................ 8
8 Range of qualification...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
8.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
8.2 Related to the manufacturer........................................................................................................................................................ 8
8.3 Related to the material...................................................................................................................................................................... 9
8.3.1 Parent metal — Grouping system for cast steel grades.................................................................. 9
8.3.2 Parent metal thickness (range of qualification)................................................................................. 10
8.4 Common to all welding procedures.................................................................................................................................... 10
8.4.1 Welding process............................................................................................................................................................. 10
8.4.2 Welding positions.......................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.4.3 Type of joint....................................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.4.4 Filler metal.......................................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.4.5 Type of current................................................................................................................................................................ 10
8.4.6 Heat input............................................................................................................................................................................ 10
8.4.7 Preheat temperature.................................................................................................................................................. 11
8.4.8 Interpass temperature.............................................................................................................................................. 11
8.4.9 Post-weld heat treatment....................................................................................................................................... 11
8.5 Specific to process.............................................................................................................................................................................. 11
8.5.1 Processes 111 [manual metal arc welding (metal arc welding with
covered electrode); shielded metal arc welding] and 114 (self-shielded
tubular-cored arc welding)................................................................................................................................... 11
8.5.2 Process 121 (submerged arc welding with one wire electrode)......................................... 11
8.5.3 Processes 131 (metal-arc inert gas welding; MIG welding; gas metal arc
welding), 135 (metal active gas welding; MAG welding; gas metal arc
welding), 136 (tubular cored metal arc welding with active gas shield;
flux cored arc welding) and 138 (MAG welding with metal cored electrode).......... 11
8.5.4 Process 141 (Tungsten inert gas welding; TIG welding; gas tungsten
arc welding)....................................................................................................................................................................... 11
9 Welding procedure qualification record (WPQR)............................................................................................................11

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ISO 11970:2016(E)


Annex A (informative) Record form (WPQR) welding procedure qualification — Test certificate...13
Annex B (normative) Details of weld test......................................................................................................................................................14
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 16

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ISO 11970:2016(E)


Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.  In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted.  This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). 
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.  Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL:  Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 17, Steel, Subcommittee SC 11, Steel castings.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 11970:2001), which has been technically
revised. In particular, Figures 1, 2 and 3 have been redrawn to clarify labels.

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ISO 11970:2016(E)


Introduction
All welding procedure qualifications for production welding of steel castings are intended to be in
accordance with this International Standard.
Previous procedure qualifications that conform to the range of qualification of Clause 8 are valid under
this International Standard.
Where additional tests have to be carried out to complete the qualification, it is only necessary to
perform the additional tests to the requirements of Clauses 6 and 7.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 11970:2016(E)

Specification and qualification of welding procedures for

production welding of steel castings

1 Scope
This International Standard specifies how a welding procedure specification (WPS) for production
welding of steel castings is qualified.
It defines the conditions for the execution of welding procedure qualification tests and the limits of
validity of a qualified welding procedure for all practical welding operations within the range of
essential variables.
Tests are intended to be carried out in accordance with this International Standard unless additional
tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties.
This International Standard applies to the arc welding of steel castings. The principles of this
International Standard can be applied to other fusion welding processes subject to agreement between
the contracting parties.
In the case of specific service, material or manufacturing conditions, tests more comprehensive than
those specified by this International Standard can be specified by the purchaser, in order to gain more
information, e.g. longitudinal weld tensile tests, bend tests, chemical analyses, ferrite determination in
austenitic stainless steels, elongation, Charpy “V” impact tests, and radiography.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable to its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 148-1, Metallic materials — Charpy pendulum impact test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 857-1, Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary — Part 1: Metal welding processes
ISO 4136, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Transverse tensile test
ISO 4969, Steel — Macroscopic examination by etching with strong mineral acids
ISO 4986, Steel castings — Magnetic particle inspection
ISO 4987, Steel castings — Liquid penetrant inspection
ISO 4992-1, Steel castings — Ultrasonic examination — Part 1: Steel castings for general purposes
ISO 4992-2, Steel castings — Ultrasonic examination — Part 2: Steel castings for highly stressed components
ISO 4993, Steel and iron castings – Radiographic inspection
ISO 5817, Welding  — Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded) — Quality levels for imperfections
ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method
ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials – Tensile testing – Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
ISO 9016, Destructive tests on welds in metallic materials — Impact tests — Test specimen location, notch
orientation and examination

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ISO 11970:2016(E)


ISO 9606-1, Qualification testing of welders — Fusion welding — Part 1: Steels

ISO 15607, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — General rules
ISO 15612, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Qualification by
adoption of a standard welding procedure

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 857-1 and ISO 15607 and the
following apply.
3.1
production welding
any welding carried out during manufacturing before final delivery to the purchaser
3.1.1
joint welding
production welding used to weld cast components together or weld cast components to wrought steels
3.1.2
finishing welding
production welding carried out in order to ensure the agreed quality of the casting
3.2
repair welding
welding carried out after delivery to the end user, i.e. after the casting has been in service

4 Preliminary welding procedure specification (pWPS)

A preliminary welding procedure specification shall be prepared. It shall specify the range of all the
relevant parameters in accordance with ISO 15612.

5 Welding procedure qualification

The making and testing of test specimens representing the type and the position of welding used in
production shall be in accordance with Clauses 6 and 7.
The welder who undertakes the welding procedure test satisfactorily in accordance with this
International Standard is qualified for the appropriate range of qualification according to ISO 9606-1.
Additional welders shall be qualified in accordance with 7.6.

6 Test piece

6.1 General
The test piece shall be in accordance with those shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Dimensions in the figures are for information only and may be adjusted to meet production and testing
requirements.

6.2 Shape and dimensions of test piece

Additional test pieces, or longer test pieces than the minimum size may be prepared in order to allow
for extra and/or retesting specimens (in accordance with 7.5).

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