GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.Pharm
SEMESTER: I
Subject Name: HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY-I
Subject Code: BP101TP

Scope: This subject is designed to impart fundamental knowledge on the structure and functions of the
various systems of the human body. It also helps in understanding both homeostatic mechanisms. The
subject provides the basic knowledge required to understand the various disciplines of pharmacy.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to

1. Explain the gross morphology, structure and functions of various organs of the human body.
2. Describe the various homeostatic mechanisms and their imbalances.
3. Identify the various tissues and organs of different systems of human body.
4. Perform the various experiments related to special senses and nervous system.
5. Appreciate coordinated working pattern of different organs of each system

Sr No Course Contents Total Hrs

1 Introduction to human body: Definition and scope of anatomy and 10
physiology, levels of structural organization and body systems, basic life
processes, homeostasis, basic anatomical terminology
Cellular level of organization: Structure and functions of cell, transport
across cell membrane, cell division, cell junctions. General principles of
cell communication, intracellular signaling pathway activation by
extracellular signal molecule, Forms of intracellular signaling: a) Contact-
dependent b) Paracrine c) Synaptic d) Endocrine
Tissue level of organization: Classification of tissues, structure, location
and functions of epithelial, muscular and nervous and connective tissues.
2 Integumentary system: Structure and functions of skin 10
Skeletal system: Divisions of skeletal system, types of bone, salient
features and functions of bones of axial and appendicular skeletal system
Organization of skeletal muscle, physiology of muscle contraction,
neuromuscular junction
Joints Structural and functional classification, types of joints movements
and its articulation
3 Body fluids and blood: Body fluids, composition and functions of blood, 10
hemopoeisis, formation of hemoglobin, anemia, mechanisms of
coagulation, blood grouping, Rh factors, transfusion, its significance and
disorders of blood, Reticulo endothelial system
Lymphatic system: Lymphatic organs and tissues, lymphatic vessels,
lymph circulation and functions of lymphatic system
4 Peripheral nervous system: Classification of peripheral nervous system: 8
Structure and functions of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous
system.
Origin and functions of spinal and cranial nerves
Special senses: Structure and functions of eye, ear, nose and tongue and
their disorders.
5 Cardiovascular system: Heart – anatomy of heart, blood circulation, blood 7
vessels, structure and functions of artery, vein and capillaries, elements of
conduction system of heart and heart beat, its regulation by autonomic
nervous system, cardiac output, cardiac cycle. Regulation of blood pressure,
pulse, electrocardiogram and disorders of heart.
 Practical
Practical physiology is complimentary to the theoretical discussions in physiology. Practicals allow the
verification of physiological processes discussed in theory classes through experiments on living tissue,
intact animals or normal human beings. This is helpful for developing an insight on the subject.

1. Study of compound microscope.

2. Microscopic study of epithelial and connective tissue
3. Microscopic study of muscular and nervous tissue
4. Identification of axial bones
5. Identification of appendicular bones
6. Introduction to hemocytometry.
7. Enumeration of white blood cell (WBC) count
8. Enumeration of total red blood corpuscles (RBC) count
9. Determination of bleeding time
10. Determination of clotting time
11. Estimation of hemoglobin content
12. Determination of blood group.
13. Determination of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).
14. Determination of heart rate and pulse rate.
15. Recording of blood pressure.

Recommended Books:
1. Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. Sembulingam and P. Sembulingam. Jaypee brothers
medical publishers, New Delhi.
2. Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness by Kathleen J.W. Wilson, Churchill
Livingstone, New York
3. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co,Riverview,
MI USA
4. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C,Guyton andJohn.E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH,
U.S.A.
5. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora Grabowski. Palmetto, GA, U.S.A.
6. Textbook of Human Histology by Inderbir Singh, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New
Delhi
7. Textbook of Practical Physiology by C.L. Ghai, Jaypee brother’s medical publishers, New
Delhi
8. Practical workbook of Human Physiology by K. Srinageswari and Rajeev Sharma, Jaypee
brother’s medical publishers, New Delhi

Reference Books (Latest Editions)

1. Physiological basis of Medical Practice-Best and Tailor. Williams & Wilkins Co, Riverview,
MI USA
2. Text book of Medical Physiology- Arthur C, Guyton and John. E. Hall. Miamisburg, OH,
U.S.A.
3. Human Physiology (vol 1 and 2) by Dr. C.C. Chatterrje ,Academic Publishers Kolkata
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.Pharm
SEMESTER: I
Subject Name: PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
Subject Code: BP102TP

Scope: This course deals with the fundamentals of analytical chemistry and principles
of electrochemical analysis of drugs

Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able to

1. understand the principles of volumetric and electro chemical analysis
2. carryout various volumetric and electrochemical titrations
3. develop analytical skills

Sr No Course Contents Total Hrs

1 (a) Pharmaceutical analysis- Definition and scope 10
i) Different techniques of analysis
ii) Methods of expressing concentration
iii) Primary and secondary standards.
iv) Preparation and standardization of various molar and normal solutions-
Oxalic acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, sodium thiosulphate,
sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate and ceric ammonium sulphate
(b)Errors: Sources of errors, types of errors, methods of minimizing errors,
accuracy, precision and significant figures
(c)Pharmacopoeia, Sources of impurities in medicinal agents,limit tests
2 Acid base titration: Theories of acid base indicators, classification of acid 10
base titrations and theory involved in titrations of strong, weak, and very
weak acids and bases, neutralization curves
Non aqueous titration: Solvents, acidimetry and alkalimetry titration and
estimation of Sodium benzoate and Ephedrine HCl
3 Precipitation titrations: Mohr’s method, Volhard’s, Modified Volhard’s, 10
Fajans method, estimation of sodium chloride.
Complexometric titration: Classification, metal ion indicators, masking and
demasking reagents, estimation of Magnesium sulphate, and calcium
gluconate.
Gravimetry: Principle and steps involved in gravimetric analysis. Purity of
the precipitate: co-precipitation and post precipitation, Estimation of barium
sulphate. Basic Principles,methods and application of diazotisation titration.
4 Redox titrations: 8
(a) Concepts of oxidation and reduction
(b) Types of redox titrations (Principles and applications)
Cerimetry, Iodimetry, Iodometry, Bromatometry, Dichrometry, Titration with
potassium iodate
5 Electrochemical methods of analysis 7
Conductometry- Introduction, Conductivity cell, Conductometric titrations,
applications.
Potentiometry - Electrochemical cell, construction and working of reference
(Standard hydrogen, silver chloride electrode and calomel electrode) and
indicator electrodes (metal electrodes and glass electrode), methods to
determine end point of potentiometric titration and applications.
Polarography - Principle, Ilkovic equation, construction and working of
dropping mercury electrode and rotating platinum
electrode, applications
 Practical

Preparation and standardization of

(1) Sodium hydroxide
(2) Sulphuric acid
(3) Sodium thiosulfate
(4) Potassium permanganate
(5) Ceric ammonium sulphate

Assay of the following compounds along with Standardization of Titrant

(1) Ammonium chloride by acid base titration
(2) Ferrous sulphate by Cerimetry
(3) Copper sulphate by Iodometry
(4) Calcium gluconate by complexometry
(5) Hydrogen peroxide by Permanganometry (6) Sodium benzoate by non-aqueous titration (7)
Sodium Chloride by precipitation titration

Determination of Normality by electro-analytical methods

(1) Conductometric titration of strong acid against strong base
(2) Conductometric titration of strong acid and weak acid against strong base
(3) Potentiometric titration of strong acid against strong base

Recommended Books: (Latest Editions):

1. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone
Press of University of London
2. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
3. P. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
4. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
5. John H. Kennedy, Analytical chemistry principles
6. Indian Pharmacopoeia.
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.Pharm
SEMESTER: I
Subject Name: PHARMACEUTICS- I
Subject Code: BP103TP

Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the preparatory pharmacy with
arts and science of preparing the different conventional dosage forms.

Objectives: Upon completion of this course the student should be able to:
1. Know the history of profession of pharmacy
2. Understand the basics of different dosage forms, pharmaceutical incompatibilities and
pharmaceutical calculations
3. Understand the professional way of handling the prescription
4. Preparation of various conventional dosage forms
Sr No Course Contents Total Hrs
1 Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy: 10
History of profession of Pharmacy in India in relation to pharmacy education,
industry and organization, Pharmacy as a career, Pharmacopoeias: Introduction
to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia
Dosage forms: Introduction to dosage forms, classification and definitions
Prescription: Definition, Parts of prescription, handling of Prescription and
Errors in prescription
Posology: Definition, Factors affecting posology. Pediatric dose calculations
based on age, body weight and body surface area
2 Pharmaceutical calculations: Weights and measures – Imperial & Metric 10
system, Calculations involving percentage solutions, alligation, proof spirit and
isotonic solutions based on freezing point and molecular weight
Powders: Definition, classification, advantages and disadvantages,Simple &
compound powders – official preparations, dusting powders, effervescent,
efflorescent and hygroscopic powders, eutectic mixtures. Geometric dilutions
Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms.
Excipients used in formulation of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement
techniques
3 Monophasic liquids: Definitions and preparations of Gargles, Mouthwashes, 8
Throat Paint, Eardrops, Nasal drops, Enemas, Syrups, Elixirs, Liniments and
Lotions.
Biphasic liquids:
Suspensions: Definition, advantages and disadvantages, classifications,
Preparation of suspensions; Flocculated and Deflocculated suspension &
stability problems and methods to overcome
Emulsions: Definition, classification, emulsifying agent, test for the
identification of type ofEmulsion, Methods of preparation & stability problems
and methods to overcome.
4 Suppositories: Definition, types, advantages and disadvantages, types of 8
bases, methods of preparations. Displacement value & its calculations,
evaluation of suppositories
Pharmaceutical incompatibilities: Definition, classification, physical,
chemical and therapeutic incompatibilities with examples
5 Semisolid dosage forms: Definitions, classification, mechanisms and factors 7
influencing dermal penetration of drugs. Preparation of ointments, pastes,
creams and gels. Excipients used in semi solid dosage forms. Evaluation of
semi solid dosages forms
 Practical

1. Syrups:
a) Syrup IP’66 b) Compound syrup of Ferrous Phosphate BPC’68
2. Elixirs:
a) Piperazine citrate elixir b) Paracetamol pediatric elixir
3. Linctus
a) Terpin Hydrate Linctus IP’66 b) Iodine Throat Paint (Mandles Paint)
4. Solutions:
a) Strong solution of ammonium acetate b) Cresol with soap solution c) Lugol’s solution
5. Suspensions:
a) Calamine lotion b) Magnesium Hydroxide mixture c) Aluminimum Hydroxide gel
6. Emulsions:
a) Turpentine Liniment b) Liquid paraffin emulsion
7. Powders and Granules
a) ORS powder (WHO) b) Effervescent granules c)Dusting powder d)Divded powders
8. Suppositories
a) Glycero gelatin suppository b) Coca butter suppository c) Zinc Oxide suppository
8. Semisolids
a) Sulphur ointment b) Non staining-iodine ointment with methyl salicylate c) Carbopal gel
9. Gargles and Mouthwashes
a) Iodine gargle b) Chlorhexidine mouthwash

Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

1. H.C. Ansel et al., Pharmaceutical Dosage Form and Drug Delivery System, Lippincott Williams
and Walkins, New Delhi.
2. Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s-Dispensing for Pharmaceutical Students, CBS publishers, New
Delhi.
3. M.E. Aulton, Pharmaceutics, The Science& Dosage Form Design, Churchill Livingstone,
Edinburgh.
4. Indian pharmacopoeia.
5. British pharmacopoeia.
6. Lachmann. Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy,Lea& Febiger Publisher, The University
of Michigan.
7. Alfonso R. Gennaro Remington. The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott Williams,
New Delhi.
8. Carter S.J., Cooper and Gunn’s. Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publications, New Delhi.
9. E.A. Rawlins, Bentley’s Text Book of Pharmaceutics, English Language Book Society, Elsevier
Health Sciences, USA.
10. Isaac Ghebre Sellassie: Pharmaceutical Pelletization Technology, Marcel Dekker, INC, New
York.
11. Dilip M. Parikh: Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, Marcel Dekker, INC,
New York.
12. Francoise Nieloud and Gilberte Marti-Mestres: Pharmaceutical Emulsions and Suspensions,
Marcel Dekker, INC, New York.
 GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
B.Pharm
SEMESTER: I
Subject Name: PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Subject Code: BP104TP

Scope: This subject deals with the monographs of inorganic drugs and pharmaceuticals

Objectives: Upon completion of course student shall be able to

1. know the sources of impurities and methods to determine the impurities in inorganic drugs
and pharmaceuticals
2. understand the medicinal and pharmaceutical importance of inorganic compounds

Sr No Course Contents Total Hrs

1 Impurities in pharmaceutical substances: History of Pharmacopoeia, 10
Sources and types of impurities, principle involved in the limit test for
Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Arsenic, Lead and Heavy metals, modified limit test
for Chloride and Sulphate
General methods of preparation, assay for the compounds superscripted with
asterisk (*), properties and medicinal uses of inorganic compounds belonging
to the following classes
2 Acids, Bases and Buffers: Buffer equations and buffer capacity in general, 10
buffers in pharmaceutical systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic
solutions, measurements of tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting
isotonicity.
Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: Functions of major physiological
ions, Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy: Sodium chloride*,
Potassium chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS),
Physiological acid base balance.
Dental products: Dentifrices, role of fluoride in the treatment of dental caries,
Desensitizing agents, Calcium carbonate, Sodium fluoride, and Zinc eugenol
cement.
3 Gastrointestinal agents 10
Acidifiers: Ammonium chloride* and Dil. HCl
Antacid: Ideal properties of antacids, combinations of antacids, Sodium
Bicarbonate*, Aluminum hydroxide gel, Magnesium hydroxide mixture
Cathartics: Magnesium sulphate, Sodium orthophosphate, Kaolin and
Bentonite
Antimicrobials: Mechanism, classification, Potassium permanganate, Boric
acid, Hydrogen peroxide*, Chlorinated lime*, Iodine and its preparations
4 Miscellaneous compounds 8
Expectorants: Potassium iodide, Ammonium chloride*.
Emetics: Copper sulphate*, Sodium potassium tartarate
Haematinics: Ferrous sulphate*, Ferrous gluconate
Poison and Antidote: Sodium thiosulphate*, Activated charcoal, Sodium
nitrite333
Astringents: Zinc Sulphate, Potash Alum
5 Radiopharmaceuticals: Radio activity, Measurement of radioactivity, 7
Properties of α, β, γ radiations, Half life, radio isotopes and study of radio
isotopes - Sodium iodide I131, Storage conditions, precautions &
pharmaceutical application of radioactive substances.
 Practical

I Limit tests for following ions

Limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates
Modified limit test for Chlorides and Sulphates
Limit test for Iron
Limit test for Heavy metals
Limit test for Lead
Limit test for Arsenic
II Identification test Magnesium hydroxide Ferrous sulphate Sodium bicarbonate Calcium gluconate
Copper sulphate
III Test for purity
Swelling power of Bentonite
Neutralizing capacity of aluminum hydroxide gel
Determination of potassium iodate and iodine in potassium Iodide
IV Preparation of inorganic pharmaceuticals
Boric acid Potash alum Ferrous sulphate

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. A.H. Beckett & J.B. Stenlake's, Practical Pharmaceutical Chemistry Vol I & II, Stahlone
Press of University of London, 4th edition.
2. A.I. Vogel, Text Book of Quantitative Inorganic analysis
3. P. Gundu Rao, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 3rd Edition
4. M.L Schroff, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
5. Bentley and Driver's Textbook of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
6. Anand & Chatwal, Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry
7. Indian Pharmacopoeia