Evsjv ' Ki Qvumí Welqk Cöeü MSL V: NVJLVZV

welqwfwËK •ÎgvwmK cwÎKv nvjLvZv
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí welqK cÖeÜ msL¨v

6ô el© 1g I 2q msL¨v Rvbyqvwi - Ryb 2012
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cwðg avbgwÊ, 4_© Zjv, XvKv 1209
†gvevBj 01716434465, 01559113961
B-†gBj: halkhata1971@gmail.com
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417.00 UvKv
362.00 i“wc
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1
m ¤úv ` Kx q: GK
Dwbk kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS mg‡q me©cÖ_g BD‡iv‡c †QvUM‡íi A¼z‡iv`Mg N‡U| BD‡iv‡ci
cuywRev`x ivóªeë¯ vq Drcv`b e¨vcK cÖmvi jvf Ki‡j, e¨w³-gvby‡li RxebvPi‡Y Gi e¨vcK
cÖfve †b‡g Av‡m| d‡j Zv‡ì AvaywbK Rxeb-hvc‡b †fvM-wejvm myL-¯^v‪Q‡‱`ï cvkvcvwk
†`Lv †`q `ytL-†e`bv, e¨_©Zv-nZvkvI| gvby‡li Gme LÊ-LÊ RwUj gb¯ÍvwË¡K welq¸‡jv‡K
Zz‡j Avbevi cÖ‡qvR‡b Rb¥ nq †QvUM‡íi| †lvj kZ‡Ki †kl Avi m‡Zi kZ‡Ki ïiæ‡Z
Dcb¨v‡mi Avwef©ve NU‡jI, cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e †QvUMíB †ewk RbwcÖqZv jvf
K‡i Ges GB RbwcÖqZv Qwo‡q c‡o wek¦e¨vcx| cwðge‡½ evsjv †QvUM‡íi Rb¥ nq Dwbk
kZ‡Ki be″BÕi `k‡K iex‱`ªbv‡_i nv‡Z| Ab¨w`‡K evsjv‡`‡k †QvUM‡íi cvLv †gj‡Z mgq
jv‡M cÖvq AviI GKk eQi| 1921 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k ÔXvKv wek¦we`¨vjqÕ cÖwZwôZ n‡j,
A_©‣bwZK-mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK-mvs¯‥…wZK †ÿ‡Î wcwQ‡q-cov ga¨weË gymjgvb †kªwY
D‪Pwkÿvi my‡hvM †c‡j, Zv‡ì wP‰Ív-†PZbvq beRvMi‡Yi dzj †dv‡U| wek kZ‡Ki Z…Zxq
`k‡K K‡qKRb ga¨weË gymjgvb †jL‡Ki nv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi hvÎv ïiæ nq|
evsjvmvwn‡Z¨ Ôevsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨Õ GKUv wbR¯^ RvqMv •Zwi K‡i wb‡Z mÿg
n‡q‡QÑ AvR †m-K_v †Rvi w`‡qB ejv hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki i‡q‡Q K‡qKwU evowZ HwZnvwmK
NUbvi AwfÁZv| Õ52, Õ71-Gi AwfÁZv, G‡`‡ki mvwn‡Zï fvlv, cÖKiY I welqe¯‧‡K
we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q; d‡j evsjvmvwn‡Zï g‡a¨ Ae¯ vb Ki‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨
G‡m‡Q we‡kl ¯^KxqZv| evsjvmvwn‡Zï wewfb′ kvLv wb‡q e¨vcK M‡elYv n‡q‡Q cwðge‡½
Ges evsjv‡`‡k| †m‡ÿ‡Î evsjvmvwnZ¨ ej‡Z Avg‡j †bqv n‡q‡Q cÖavbZ cwðgevsjvi
mvwnZ¨‡K| A_P mvwn‡Zï Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi g‡Zv evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í KvR n‡q‡Q A‡bK;
msL¨vMZ I ¸YMZ w`K †_‡K Gme Mí wek¦gv‡bi nIqv m‡Ë¡I GUv ¯úó †h, †KvjKvZvi
mvwnwZ¨K-M‡elK‡ì Kv‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki me ai‡bi mvwnZ¨ wb‡qB i‡q‡Q Db′vwmKZv|
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí m¤ú‡K© evsjv‡`‡ki cvVKiv hv‡Z fv‡jvfv‡e Rvb‡Z I eyS‡Z
cv‡i Ges †KvjKvZv-†Kw‱`ªK mvwnZ¨B GKgvÎ mvwnZ¨Ñ GiKig aviYv‡K †f‡O †`qvi
D‡Ï‡k¨ ÔnvjLvZvÕ Gevi cÖKvk Kij Ôevjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí welqK cÖeÜÕ msL¨v|
msL¨vwU cÖKv‡ki †ÿ‡Î mswkøó mevB‡K RvbvB K…ZÁZv|
kiwgb wbkvZ
m¤úv`K
15.06.2012
2
m ¤úv ` Kx q: `yB
†QvUMí Ggb GK A¯¿ hv c‡K‡U K‡i, nv‡Z K‡i, eMj`vev K‡i Ny‡i †eov‡bv hvq A_P GB
A¯¿ LyeB fqven, Kvh©Kix| e¨w³-gvbyl Ges mgvRe× mvgwóK gvbyl‡K cwieZ©‡bi w`‡K
wb‡q Avmvi †¶‡Î GB A¯¿ `ª ZZvi m‡½ `vIqvB wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| GUv Avkvi K_v †h,
Dcb¨v‡mi b¨vq wek¦Ry‡o †QvUM‡íiI welqe¯‧ GLb †h-†Kv‡bv †kªwYi gvbyl; wK‰‧ Gi
Av‡iKwU ev¯ÍeZv nj, GB wk‡íi PP©v †h‡nZz mgv‡Ri G‡Kev‡i D‪P I wbg′ †kªwY K‡i bv
ZvB GB `yB †kªwYi gvbm, PwiÎ, •ewkó¨ Avwe®‥v‡ii †¶‡Î †ek `~i †_‡KB Av‡jvUv †dj‡Z
nq; G‡Z K‡i D‪Pwe‡Ëi `ye©„Ëvq‡Yi Aeqe Ges Gi ÿwZi fqvenZv Kvh©Kiiƒ‡c D‡V Av‡m
bv; Ab¨w`‡K AwZ`wi`ª †kªwYi `ytL-eÂbv Av‡ivwcZ-iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i|
`yB.
evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li me‡P‡q eo AR©b gyw³hy×‡K whwb A‰‭‡P©vL w`‡q n‡jI †`‡Lb bv,
gyw³hy‡×i MwZ‡K aviY K‡ib bv wZwb Kx-K‡i IB fqvenZvi †`ªvn-Z¨vM-mdjZv‡K †Lv`vB
K‡i wk‡íi K¨vbfv‡m emv‡eb; A_P ev¯‭eZv nj, whwb fvlv-Av‡‱`vj‡bi MwZ‡K aviY K‡ib
bv Ges gyw³hy× I †k&ªwY-mv‡gï Awbevh©Zv‡K g‡b-cÖv‡Y Av¯ vi g‡a¨ Avb‡Z wØavw‰^Z wZwbI
fvlv-Av‡‱`vjb, gyw³hy×, `wi‡`ªi eÂbv BZ¨vw` wel‡q Mí wjL‡Qb, wkí Ki‡Qb; d‡j G
†hb †jLvi Rb¨B †jLv; cÖMwZi QvZvZ‡j VuvB †c‡ZB GB †jLv! G‡Z K‡i `~i †_‡K bKj
Av‡jv‡ZB wkím„wói †PóvUv Pj‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K Aek¨ †Pv‡L coevi g‡Zv wfb′`„kÏ i‡q‡Q;
fvlv Av‡‱`vjb, gyw³hy×, GLvbKvi ivR‣bwZK cwiw¯ wZ, mvaviY gvby‡li msKU BZ¨vw`
wel‡q †QvUMí evsjv‡`‡ki A‡b‡Ki Kj‡gB mdjfv‡e D‡V G‡m‡Q|
wZb.
evsjvmvwnZ¨ †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨‡K Avjv`v K‡i †`Levi †Póv K‡i hv‡‪Q ÔnvjLvZvÕ|
B‡Zvc~‡e© Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨vm welqK cÖeÜ msL¨vÕ, Ôevsjv‡`‡ki KweZv welqK cÖeÜ
msL¨vÕ ÔnvjLvZvÕ cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| eZ©gvb msL¨vwU Zvi avivevwnKZvq Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Mí
welqK cÖeÜ msL¨vÕ cÖKvk Kij|
evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb ivóª †m-Kvi‡YB bq; cwðgevsjvi mvwn‡Zï fvlv, welq I cÖKi‡Yi
w`K †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨ bvbv Kvi‡Y Avjv`v n‡q wM‡q‡Q †m-welq¸‡jv‡K fv‡jvfv‡e
eySevi D‡Ï‡kÏ G-†`‡ki mvwnZ¨ wb‡q cÖe‡Üi GB we‡kl Av‡qvRb| evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨
†h GZ KvR n‡q‡Q Zvi AwaKUvB XvKv c‡o Av‡Q †KvjKvZvwbt¯^wiZ Kzqvkvi Pv`‡i|
evsjv‡`‡ki KweZv, Mí, Dcb¨vm-Gi PP©vUv n‡‪Q cÖavbZ ivRavbx XvKv-†Kw‱`ªK, hv‡K
†KvjKvZv kª×vi †Pv‡L †`‡L bv| Gi GKUv eo KviY, GLv‡b hv-hv KvR n‡q‡Q †mB
AR©‡bi c‡¶ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Z_¨mg„× cÖgvY nvwRi bv-K‡i, Avgiv †Kej gy‡L-gy‡L ewj; †m-
w`K we‡ePbvq †i‡L welqwfwËK •ÎgvwmK cwÎKv ÔnvjLvZvÕ evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨ wb‡q ¯^Z‰¿
wZbwU cÖeÜ msL¨v cÖKvk Kij|
3
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí m¤ú‡K© cwðgevsjvi GZUzKz aviYvI †bB, hv Øviv Zviv
Avgv‡ì M‡íi cÖksmv bv-†nvK A‰‭Z mgv‡jvPbvUzKz Ki‡Z cv‡i| A_P Avgvi e¨w³MZ
cvV-AwfÁZv †Zv e‡j we‡k¦i m‡½ mgvbZv‡j cv wgwj‡q Pjevi g‡Zv F× I cwiYZ
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí| cwðgevsjvi mvwnwZ¨K I cvVK-mgvR GB AR©b m¤ú‡K© mvgvb¨B
Rv‡bb, †mB RvbvUzKz‡K Zviv Avevi Zw‪Q‡jï †Pv‡L †`‡Lb| fvlv-Av‡‱`vjb I gyw³hy‡×i
ev¯ÍeZv †_‡K cwðgevsjv †ek `~‡i| Zviv †h evsjvfvlvi Rb¨ i³ †`bwb, Zv‡ì i‡³ †h
gyw³hy‡×i AeY©bxq fqvenZv cÖengvb †bBÑ Gme welq wb‡R‡ì we‡ePbvq bv-wb‡q Dci‰‧
Zv‡ì AvPi‡Y g‡b nq, fviZel© weªwUk-Gi K‡jvwb wQj Avi c~e©evsjv wQj †hb
cwðgevsjvi K‡jvwb| mgm¨v nj, evsjv‡`k wb‡q Zv‡ì gvbwmKZv GLbI cÖvq Av‡Mi
g‡ZvB Av‡Q! wK‰‧ G-†¶‡Î Avgv‡ìB-ev Kx ejevi Av‡Q?
G-K_vi mwVK Reve nj, ...wbðqB AvR, AZ¨‰Í †Rv‡ii m‡½B ejevi Av‡Q †h, †mB wPÎ-
`„k¨ e`‡j‡Q e`‡j‡Q Kg bq, A‡bKUvB; hv cwi®‥vifv‡e eySevi †¶‡Î ÔnvjLvZvÕi Dcb¨vm,
KweZv I Mí wb‡q cÖe‡Üi wZbwU msL¨v LvwbKUv n‡jI mn‡hvMxi f~wgKv ivL‡e|
Pvi.
Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Mí welqK cÖeÜ msL¨vÕ-i cÖeÜ¸‡jv cÖavbZ wZb ai‡bi: 1. mvwe©Kfv‡e
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí wb‡q `xN© cÖeÜ; 2. `kKwfwËK cÂvk †_‡K k~‡bï `kK ch©‰‭ M‡íi
Ici wfb′ wfb′ cÖeÜ Ges 3. GB mg‡qi K‡qKRb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MíKv‡ii Ici Avjv`v
Avjv`v cÖeÜ| me wgwj‡q GB msL¨vq evsjv‡`‡ki Mí wb‡q GKwU †gvUvgywU c~Y©v½ wPÎ Ges
we‡kølY nvwRi Kievi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
ev¯‭e Ae¯ vi Kvi‡Y msL¨vwU AvqZ‡b eo n‡q‡Q| mgq Ges A_©I e¨q nj †ek;
cvwikª‡gi K_v bvB-ev ejjvg| msL¨vwU cÖKv‡ki †¶‡Î wewfb′ gnj kZ©nxbfv‡e mn‡hvwMZv
K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì mn‡hvwMZv e¨ZxZ GB KvR m¤úb′ Kiv †hZ bv|
mswkøó mevB‡K RvbvB K…ZÁZv I abëv`|
kIKZ †nv‡mb
m¤úv`K
15.06.2012
4
m~wP
wb iv c ` Lv ev i cv wb m s K U : †cÖ w¶ Z ev s jv ‡` k m s L¨v i cÖ wZ wµ qv
wbivc` Lvevi cvwb : w`wjø n‡b․R `~i A¯‭!
dix`yj Avjg 08
cÖ e Ü
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí : f~wgKv
RvwKi ZvjyK`vi 11
e o cÖ e Ü
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí
wek¦wRr †Nvl 25
e o cÖ e Ü
evsjv M‡íi DËivwaKvi
Avngv` †gv¯—dv Kvgvj 48
cÖ e Ü
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí: welq I Avw½K †PZbv
Avn‡g` gvIjv 109
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi aviv I cÖeYZv
knx` BKevj 120
cÖ e Ü
Kv‡ji gw‱ìv
kvš—by Kvqmvi 140
cÖm½ evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí
Kvgi“¾vgvb Rvnv½xi 148
5
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí: •efe I wef~wZ
†gv¯—dv ZvwiKzj Avnmvb 155
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : avb fvb‡Z wk‡ei MxZ
gwbi Rvgvb 161
cÖ e Ü
gyw³hy‡×i †QvUMí : ey‡jUwe× w`bivwÎ
Avn‡g` gvIjv 166
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi †QvUM‡í gyw³hy×
mwidv mv‡jvqv wWbv 179
cÖ e Ü
cÂv‡ki `k‡K evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí
L›`Kvi gvngy`yj nvmvb 200
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí: lv‡Ui •Øi_
cÖkvš— g„av 205
mË‡ii Mí: DËivwaKvi I cwi‡cÖw¶Z
mykvš— gRyg`vi 236
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí: Avwki `kK
bvmwib Rvnvb 240
cÖ e Ü
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí: be″B‡qi `kK
cvcwo ingvb 245
be″B‡qi `k‡Ki Mí I MíKvi‡ì m‡½ K‡_vcK_b
gwb nvq`vi 252
be″B‡qi †QvUMí: ÔGgb cvwL †K †cv‡l/ †L‡Z Pvq mvMi Py‡lÕ
iweDj Kwig 274
k~b¨ `k‡Ki Mí : cÖZ¨vkv I cÖvwß
mgxi Avn‡g` 288
6
cÖ e Ü
nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki †QvUMí : †`kfv‡Mi njvnj
nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki Mí : cÖvwYcÖm½
gvmy` ingvb 309
cÖ e Ü
kIKZ Avjxi †QvUM‡í wbg′eM©
wgëb wek¦vm 332
cÖ e Ü
bvixi Rxeb bvixi Mí: †mwjbv †nv‡mb
gvmy`y¾vgvb 339
cÖ e Ü
Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì †QvUMí AZtci K_vmvwn‡Zï ¯îƒc
Avjx ixqvR 347
cÖ e Ü
knx`yj Rwn‡ii Mí
Ave`yj gvbœvb •mq` 358
knx`yj Rwn‡ii Mí:
ÔAvU‡K-covÕ evOvwji eûgvwÎK hy× I Avkvf‡½i KnbK_v
gvRyj nvmvb 362
cÖ e Ü
kvnv`y¾vgvb-Gi Mí: e~¨n cÖ‡e‡ki e¨_© †Póv m¤úwK©Z GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b A_ev
†hfv‡e †e‡o-IVv
•mKZ †` 369
bvmixb Rvnv‡bi Mí : Møvwb‡Z DÌv‡b Mov RxebvL¨vb
ïfvwkm wmbnv 376
7
gvgyb ûmvB‡bi Mí: g„Zy¨ ev nZ¨v wb‡q wg_
†gv¯—dv ZvwiKzj Avnmvb 385
¯^Kvj-ev¯‭eZv I RvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii Mí
cÖ e Ü
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí-wfwËK Pjw‪PÎ
Abycg nvqvr 409
m s hy w³
Av‡jvwPZ †QvUM‡íi ZvwjKv
mvbwR`v AvLZvi 413
wb iv c ` Lv ev i cv wb m s K U : †cÖ w¶ Z ev s jv ‡` k m s L¨v i cÖ wZ wµ qv
wbivc` Lvevi cvwb : w`wjø n‡b․R `~i A¯‭!
d ix `y j Av j g
[wk‡ivbv‡g eëüZ Ôw`wjø n‡b․R `~i A¯‭Õ GKwU dviwm evK¨| Gi GKwU HwZnvwmK
†cÖ¶vcU i‡q‡Q hv GLv‡b Aev‰‭i I AcÖvmw½K weavq D‡jøL bv-K‡i evK¨wUi evsjv cvVv‰‭i
cvVK‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡e`b Kiv nj; evK¨wUi evsjv cvVv‰‭i Ôw`wjø GLbI A‡bK A‡bK
`~‡i|Õ]
welqwfwËK •ÎgvwmK cwÎKv ÔnvjLvZvÕ-i me©‡kl Z_v PZz`©k msL¨vwUi wba©vwiZ welq
Ôwbivc` Lvevi cvwb msKU : †cÖw¶Z evsjv‡`kÕ| msL¨vwU‡Z 18wU cÖeÜ, 1wU mv¶vrKvi I
2wU mshyw³ A‰‭f©³
y Kiv n‡q‡Q| Aa¨vcK Av.e.g. dvi K iwPZ cÖeÜwU mivmwifv‡e Lvevi
cvwbi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z bq, wK‰‧ evsjv‡`‡ki mgKvjxb †cÖ¶vc‡U †jLvwUi ¸i Z¡ A‡bK †ewk|
8
Av‡m©wbK `~lYRwbZ wel‡q †h 2wU cÖeÜ Qvcv n‡q‡Q Kg‡ewkfv‡e Df‡qi e³e¨ cÖvq GKB|
evsjv‡`‡k weMZ eQi¸‡jv‡Z Av‡m©wbK `~lY-wel‡q GZ †ewk †jLv‡jwL n‡q‡Q †h, m‡PZb
cvVK G-wel‡q bZzb K‡i wKQy ejvi bv-_vK‡j Av‡m©wbK-welqK †jLv cv‡V eZ©gv‡b Avi
†Zgb AvMÖn †eva K‡i bv| Aveyj ûm&mvg mv‡n‡ei mv¶vrKv‡iI †Zgb bZzb †Kv‡bv welq
†ei n‡q Av‡mwb, wKQy wKQy cÖk′ Ggb †h †m¸‡jvi cÖvmw½KZv `k eQi Av‡Mi evsjv‡`‡k
_vK‡jI eZ©gv‡b G‡Kev‡iB AcÖvmw½K| †hgb, 167 bs c„ôvq gyw`ªZ cÖk′ ÔAv‡m©wbK mgm¨vwU
Avm‡j Kx?Õ-wUi D`vniY †`qv hvq| wm′»v Avdmvbv, †nvgvqiv Avn‡g` I †di‡`․mx
myjZvbv-i cÖeÜ¸‡jv G‡Kev‡iB MZvbyMwZK, AvMÖn K‡i cv‡Vi Rb¨ we‡kl wKQyB GB
†jLv¸‡jv‡Z cvIqv hv‡e bv| Rbve G.GBP.Gg. Av‡bvqvi cvkv-i †jLvwU Gi Av‡M
ÔnvjLvZvÕ-i cvZvq Avgiv †`‡LwQ| Rqbvj Av‡e`xb mv‡n‡ei †jLvwU hZUv-bv mgm¨vi
mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Zvi PvB‡Z A‡bK †ewk ¯§„wZPviYg~jK|
gvneyevi ingvb Lvb-Gi †jLvwU‡Z cvVK DcK…Z nevi g‡Zv A‡bK Z_¨ cv‡ebhv
BwZc~‡e© GgbwK m‡PZb A‡bK cvV‡KiI ARvbv wQj| G ai‡bi GKv‡WwgK iPbv cvVK
AviI †ewk K‡i cvV Ki‡Z AvMÖnx|
eûgvwÎK GK †jLv wn‡m‡e Avgiv †c‡qwQ Rbve b~i †gvnv¤§`-Gi †jLvwU‡K| wZwb wbivc`
Lvevi cvwb‡ZB †KejgvÎ mxgve× bv-†_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi cÖvYNvZx mgm¨v A_©vr
evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq mxgvbvi evB‡i †_‡K D ¢~Z mgm¨v¸‡jvi Kvh©KviY wel‡qI Av‡jvPbv
K‡i‡Qb| b`xi Drmgy‡L n¯‭‡¶‡ci Kvi‡Y G †`‡ki RbM‡Yi RxebgiY mgm¨vwU Zuvi
†jLvq wek`fv‡e D‡V G‡m‡Q| cvwb-ivRbxwZ, cvwb-K‚UbxwZ, cvwb-eë¯ vcbvi msKU¸‡jv
wb‡q GZ ¯úóev`x e³e¨ wb‡q Lye Kg †jLK‡KB GwM‡q Avm‡Z †`‡LwQ Avgiv| Rbve
g. Bbvgyj nK-Gi †jLvwU‡KI wecyj cvVK AZ¨‰‭ AvMÖn wb‡q cvV K‡i‡Qb| AZ¨‰‭
Z_ëûj GB †jLvwUi Rb¨ †jLK‡K abëv` Rvbvw‪Q|
†gv. Ave`yj AvDqvj, Gg. wd‡ivR Avn‡g` Ges Rbve kvn Avjg m‡ivqvi-Gi
†jLv¸‡jvi e³e¨ Kg‡ewk GKB| GKB ai‡bi e³e¨ †jLv¸‡jv‡Z evievi Ny‡i Ny‡i G‡m‡Q
cvVK K¬vw‰‭ Abyfe K‡i| W. Lyikx` Rvnvb-Gi †jLvwU †ek Z_¨mg„×, cvVK A‡bK ARvbv
Z_¨ †c‡q DcK…Z n‡eb| †gv. Kì Avng`-Gi †jLvwU cv‡V A‡bK m‡PZb cvVKB
†evZjRvZ cvwbi †gvn †_‡K wb®‥…wZ †c‡Z DØy× n‡eb e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| cÖKvk¨
wèv‡jv‡K †Lv` ivRavbx kn‡i, nvRvi nvRvi †jv‡Ki †Pv‡Li mvg‡b Ges AvBb-k„‫‫‬Ljv
i¶vKvix evwnbxi bv‡Ki WMvq †hfv‡e U¨v‡ci cvwb †evZ‡j f‡i evRviRvZ K‡i Avgv‡ì‡K
15 UvKv cÖwZ wjUvi `v‡g wKb‡Z cÖ‡ivwPZ Kiv n‡‪Q Ges Avgiv fv‡jv-g‱` we‡ePbv bv
K‡iB Ô†evZjRvZ cvwb gv‡bB wbivc` cvwbÕ GB wek¦v‡m ûgwo †L‡q c‡o Zv wK‡b wbw‪Q, Zv
†Kv‡bvµ‡gB GKwU RvwZi c‡¶ mywe‡ePbvcÖm~Z Kg© n‡Z cv‡i bv|
Rbve AvRnvi †nv‡mb ÔcÖ_g Av‡jvÕ cwÎKvq †h ev¯‭e cwiw¯ wZ cvVK‡ì mvg‡b
Zz‡j a‡iwQ‡jb ÔnvjLvZvÕ †mB †jLvwU‡KB wb‡Ri Aeq‡e aviY K‡i Av‡iKevi cvVK‡ì
mvg‡b Zz‡j aij| Zuvi †jLvq ewY©Z cwiw¯ wZ †h KZUv ev¯‭e †mUvi h_vh_ cÖgvY cvIqv
hv‡e GB †jLvwUi wVK Av‡Mi c„ôv¸‡jv‡Z gyw`ªZ XvKv Iqvmv †evW©-Gi †Pqvig¨vb cÖ‡K․kjx
W. †Mvjvg †gv¯‭dv-iwPZ wbeÜwU‡Z|
9
Iqvmv †ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb Zuvi †jLvq wj‡L‡Qb : Ò`ybx© wZi wPÎ †`‡ki Ab¨me
miKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi g‡Zv XvKv Iqvmv‡ZI fqven `yb©xwZ Av‡Q| Z‡e weMZ cÖvq `yB eQ‡i
Ae¯ v Av‡Mi Zzjbvq A‡bK Db′Z n‡‡Q|... hwÌ Iqvmvi wfZi †_‡K jy‡Uiv GKUv MÖ c G
wb‡qv‡M Pig evav w`‡Z cÎ-cwÎKvq AccÖPvi Pvwj‡qwQj|... eZ©gvb cÖkvmb `yb©xwZ jvMvg
†U‡b ai‡Z bvbv D‡`¨vM wb‡‪Q| ... Z‡e Iqvmvq `yb©xwZ GLbI Pj‡Q| Avi ZvB `yb©xwZi
wei ‡× hy×I Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e|... XvKv Iqvmvq `yb©xwZi Av‡Q me ai‡bi †Kbv-KvUvq,
Kg©Pvix‡ì IfviUvB‡gi wn‡m‡e, cv‡¤úi †Rbv‡iUi Pvjv‡Z wW‡Rj Li‡Pi wn‡m‡e| ...
XvKv Iqvmvi ivR¯^ wefvM‡K ejv n‡q _v‡K `yb©xwZi AvLov| AZx‡Z GLv‡b †Kv‡bv wbq‰¿Y
wQj bv| ZvB ivZ‡K w`b Avi w`b‡K ivZ Kiv nZ| ÒK_v¸‡jv GKRb h_v_© Avgjvi
h_vR‡bvwPZ K_v| Avgiv weMZ Pwjøk eQi a‡i GB ai‡bi K_v ï‡b AvmwQ| Avgiv GB
g‡g© wbwðZ †h, eZ©gvb †Pqvig¨vb g‡nv`‡qi c‡i whwb bZzb †Pqvig¨vb wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ †b‡eb
wZwbI nq‡Zv fwel¨‡Zi †Kv‡bv-GK mv¶vrKv‡i wVK GB K_v¸‡jvB ej‡eb, nq‡Zv Avi-
GKUz †Rv‡ii mv‡_B ej‡eb| G-wb‡q g‰‭e¨ Ki‡ZI i wP‡Z Kzwj‡q IVv hvq bv| GKwU
cÖwZôv‡bi AvBbvbyM me©gq KZ©v [gvbbxq †Pqvig¨vb g‡nv`q †h ÔXvKv IqvmvÕ bvgK
cÖwZôv‡bi m‡e©me©v †mwU Zuvi eZ©gvb †jLv‡ZB wZwb D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb : Ò1996 mv‡ji Iqvmv
A¨v‡± cÖwZôvbwU‡K cwiPvjbvi cÖvq me©gq ¶gZv Iqvmv †evW©‡K †`qv n‡q‡Q| (nvjLvZv,
c„ôv-122)] cÖwZôvbwU‡Z we`¨gvb `yb©xwZi Z_¨ cwÎKvi cvZvq Rvwb‡q w`‡‪Qb A_P
cÖwZôvbwU Kvh©Ki eë¯ v MÖn‡Y µgvMZ AcviMZvi Rvbvb w`‡‪Q, Ab¨w`‡K Avgv‡ì
Rvbvg‡Z evsjv‡`‡k Ô`yb©xwZ `gb KwgkbÕ bvgK GKwU cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q hv‡ì KvR bvwK
`yb©xwZ‡K `gb Kiv GB A ¢yZ Ae¯ v nq‡Zv †KejgvÎ gnvb Av‡jKRvÛvi ewY©Z Ôab¨
†mjyKvm! Kx wewPÎ GB †`k!Õ Dw³i j¶¨ GB †`kwU‡ZB cvIqv hv‡e| †Pqvig¨vb g‡nv`q
Zuvi †jLvi Dcmsnv‡i Avgv‡ì‡K †ek wKQy Avkvi evYx ïwb‡q‡Qb †m¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡iI
Avgv‡ì ch©‡e¶Y †h, AZx‡ZI eû miKvwi cÖwZôv‡bi †Pqvig¨vb GKBfv‡e Avgv‡ì
KY©Kzn‡i A‡bK Avkve¨ÄK evYx-e³e¨ cÖ‡ek Kwi‡q‡Qb‭wK‰‧ ev¯‭‡e Ae¯ vi †Kv‡bv †ni‡di
N‡Uwb|
dix`yj Avjg
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10
cÖ e Ü
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí: f~wgKv
Rv wK i Zv jy K `v i
†Kb evsjv‡`‡ki Mí? †Kb evsjvMí bq?

KviY GKB fvlvq wjwLZ n‡jI, GKB b‱`bZvwË¡K •ewkó¨ †g‡b Pj‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki Mí,
fviZxq evsjv Mí †_‡K Avjv`v| evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl Ges fviZxq evOvwj‡ì Rxebhvc‡bi
g‡a¨ mvs¯‥…wZK-b„ZvwË¡K kZ kZ wgj Lyu‡R cvIqv †M‡jI `yB †`‡ki gvby‡li Rxebhvc‡bi I
wP‰‭vi †hgb wfb′Zv i‡q‡Q, †ZgbB wfb′Zv i‡q‡Q wkí-mvwn‡Zï A‰‭wb©wnZ gg©e¯‧‡Z| Ggb
bq †h mvZPwjø‡ki fviZ-wefv‡Mi c~‡e© mKj evOvwji g‡a¨ mgiƒcZv Ges mgmË¡ m¤úK©
weivwRZ wQj| gvK©m-Gi †kªwYm¤úK© wePv‡ii welqwU‡K cvk KvwU‡qI A‡bK ai‡bi ev¯‭e
`~iZ¡ Lvwj †Pv‡LB †`Lv m¤¢e wQj ZLbI| AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`k, ZLbKvi c~e©e½ g~jZ wQj
K…lK-Aay¨wlZ| mKj Rwg`vwi Ges eo †Rv‡Zi gvwjK wQ‡jb weªwUk-mL¨m~‡Î D‪Pe‡Y©i
evOvwj wn‱`y Ges AevOvwj Avkivd †Mv‡Îi gymjgvbiv| Zviv evm Ki‡Zb KjKvZvq ev
w`jøx‡Z| evOvwji n‡q mKj fvebv-wP‰‭v Ges mvs¯‥…wZK-ivR‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Êi wPi¯ vqx
e‡‱`ve¯‭ wb‡qwQ‡jb KjKvZvi evey Ges mv‡ne‡kªYx| Zviv †h mvwn‡Zï c„ô‡cvlKZv
Ki‡Zb, Zvi mv‡_ c~e©e½xq K…lKmgv‡Ri †Kv‡bv wgj wQj bv, _vKvi K_vI bq| d‡j
AvaywbK mvwn‡Zï AbycÖ‡ek GB AÂ‡j N‡UwQj LyeB †QvU GKwU kû‡i As‡ki g‡a¨|
fviZ-wefw³i c‡i hwÌ evOvwj-AvZ¥v‡K wef³ Kiv hvqwb, Zvic‡iI mgvR Ges
ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZv `yB †`‡ki evOvwji g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jv †¶‡Î wP‰‭v-Kg© Ges m„R‡bi wfb′Zv
G‡b w`‡q‡Q| fviZxq evOvwjiv †m‡`‡k wnw‱`‡K ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e †g‡b wb‡q GKwU wbi c`ªe
Rxeb‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Zviv g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q‡Qb fviZxq RvZxq cyuwR weKv‡ki cvkvcvwk
wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ GKwU eo-mo ga¨weË †kªwYi Rb¥ w`‡Z| wK‰‧ evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl D`y©‡K
ivóªfvlv wn‡m‡e †g‡b bv-wb‡q c„w_exi BwZnv‡m AwP‰‭¨bxq fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Qb|
cvwK¯‭vb Ges evsjv‡`k Avg‡jI mvgwiK kvm‡bi RuvZvK‡j wcó n‡qI †mB kvmb‡K evi
evi we`~wiZ K‡i MYZ‡‰¿i msMÖv‡g Rqx nIqvi AwfÁZv evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li i‡q‡Q| e¯‧Z
f½yi MYZ‰¿‡K memg‡q i¶v Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI mvgwiK evwnbx‡K evi evi MYZvw‰¿K
msMÖv‡g civwRZ Kivi AwfÁZv evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li mgvb Avi Kv‡iv †bB c„w_ex‡Z|
Zvic‡i i‡q‡Q G‡Ki ci GK Av‡‱`vj‡bi †XD| evlwÆi wk¶v Av‡‱`vjb, EbmËz‡ii
MYAfy¨Ìvb, U‡b©‡Wv-N~wY©S‡oi mv‡_ hy×, Ges m‡e©vcwi GKvË‡ii gnvb ¯^vaxbZv hy‡×i AR©b
Ges DËivwaKvi cy‡ivcywi evsjv‡`‡ki evOvwji| Gme AwfÁZv †_‡K fviZxq evOvwj
11
ewÂZ| d‡j Zv‡ì iwPZ †QvUM‡í Rxeb †hfv‡e aiv co‡e, evsjv‡`‡ki M‡í Rxe‡bi
R½gZv Zvi PvB‡Z wfb′ n‡eB|
GQvovI i‡q‡Q cv_©‡Kï Ab¨ GKwU mvwnwZ¨K-mvs¯‥…wZK gvÎvI| GgbwK gnvb
gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi c‡iI, gvÎ GK `kK AvMch©‰‭I,
evsjvmvwn‡Zï g~javiv ej‡Z webvcÖ‡k′ †evSv‡bv nZ fvi‡Zi evsjvfvlx Aay¨wlZ cÖ‡`k
cwðge‡½i mvwnZ¨‡KB| Avgv‡ì GB evsjv‡`k bvgK f~L‡Êi gvbyl nvRvi eQ‡ii BwZnv‡m
cÖ_g evOvwji wbR¯^ ¯^vaxb ivóª cÖwZôvq m¶g n‡jI evsjvm¤úwK©Z ÔmKj wKQzÕi `vwqZ¡
MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ gvbwmKfv‡e •Zwi n‡Z mgq wb‡q‡Qb cÖPzi| GKB K_v cÖ‡hvR¨ G‡`‡ki
†jLK‡ì †¶‡ÎI| evsjv‡`k bvgK evOvwji GKgvÎ ¯^vaxb f~wgi Awaevmx wn‡m‡e
evsjvfvlv Ges mvwn‡Zï aviY-evnb-i¶Y-m„R‡bi cÖavb `vqfvi †h Avgv‡ìBÑ GB mZ¨
ey‡S DV‡Z Ges †mB `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †hvM¨ n‡q DV‡Z †e`bv`vqKfv‡e †ewk mgq wb‡q‡Qb
G‡`‡ki Kwe-mvwnwZ¨Kiv| ZvB wKQzw`b AvMch©‰‭I evsjvmvwn‡Zï cÖavb †mªvZaviv ej‡Z
KjKvZv‡Kw‱`ªK cwðge‡½i mvwnZ¨‡KB †evSv‡bv nZ| eZ©gv‡bI GB g‡bvfw½ cy‡ivcywi
Acm„Z n‡q‡Q, GgbwU wbtmsk‡q ejv hvq bv|
cwðge‡½i mvwnZ¨ †h GZw`b a‡i g~j †mªvZaviv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ n‡q G‡m‡Q,
A_ev mwZ¨mwZ¨B †h cwðge½ Z_v KjKvZvB †h wQj evsjvmvwn‡Zï cÖavb †K‱`ª, Zvi
†cQ‡b HwZnvwmK, cÖhyw³MZ, mvs¯‥…wZK Ges jwM′welqK KviY we`¨gvb| weªwUk Avg‡j
Bs‡iwR wk¶vi gva¨‡g wek¦mvwn‡Zï AvaywbK avivi mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡q IVvi my‡hvM
†c‡qwQ‡jb †KejgvÎ KjKvZv‡Kw‱`ªK eyw×Rxexiv Ges mvwnwZ¨Ke„‱`| cwiwPZ nIqvi
cvkvcvwk †mB avivi iPbvKzkjZv AR©bI m¤¢e n‡qwQj Zv‡ì c‡¶| Awef³ fviZ Ges
Awef³ evsjvi A_©bxwZ Ges ms¯‥…wZi cÖavb †K‱`ª nIqvq KjKvZv‡ZB cÖavbZ weKwkZ
n‡qwQj msev`cÎ, mvgwqKcÎ Ges cÖKvkbvwkí| cÎ-cwÎKv †Zv e‡UB, cy¯‭K cÖKvkbv I
wecY‡bi g~j ev GKgvÎ †K‱`ª nIqvi Kvi‡Y mviv‡`‡ki †jLK-wkíxiv KjKvZv‡KB †e‡Q
wb‡Zb wb‡R‡ì Ae¯ vb Ges Kg©‡¶Î wn‡m‡e| †`‡ki Ab¨Î, we‡kl K‡i XvKv, iscyi,
ivRkvnx I b`xqv AÂj †_‡K wKQz mvgwqKcÎ I MÖ‰  cÖKvwkZ n‡jI Zv KL‡bvB KjKvZvi
mgZzj¨ ¸i Z¡ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| evsjvi evwn‡i, we‡kl K‡i wÎcyiv, Avmvg, wenvi,
Dwol¨v AÂ‡j evsjvmvwn‡Zï PP©v n‡jI †m¸‡jv‡K cÖevmx mvwn‡Zï ZKgv wb‡qB m‰‧ó
_vK‡Z n‡q‡Q| 1947 mv‡ji fviZfvM Ges evsjvfv‡Mi c‡iI A¶zY′ †_‡K‡Q KjKvZvi
GKK cÖvavb¨| cÖ_gZ, ZLb ch©‰‭ evOvwj‡ì g‡a¨ wn‱`y †jL‡Ki msL¨v wQj kZKiv 90
fv‡Mi †ewk; Ges Zv‡ì Ae¯ vb wQj cwðge‡½| wØZxqZ, gy`Yª , euvavB Ges wecY‡bi cÖvq
mKj KvVv‡gvB c‡owQj KjKvZvi fv‡M| XvKv‡K ïi  Ki‡Z n‡qwQj k~b¨ nv‡Z| Z…ZxqZ,
XvKv Z_v evsjv‡`k weªwU‡ki Kej †_‡K gy³ n‡jI ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi cwie‡Z© cwiYZ
n‡qwQj cwðg cvwK¯‭v‡bi Dcwb‡e‡k| cvwK¯‭vwb kvmK‡Mvôx evsjvPP©v‡K mybR‡i †`‡Lwb,
eis Zv‡K `gv‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q me©vZ¥Kfv‡e| PZz_©Z, eªvþYëv`x †jLK‡ì Øviv GZ eQi
mvs¯‥…wZK I gvbwmKfv‡e wbM„nxZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Ae‡nwjZ evOvwj gymjgvb †jLK‡ì GKwU
eo Ask cvwK¯‭vwb †Rv‡k AvZ¥nviv n‡q evsjvmvwn‡Zï DËivwaKvi‡KB A¯^xKvi K‡i
gymjgvwb cvwK¯‭vwb evsjvmvwnZ¨ m„wói AjxK †Póvq †g‡Z D‡V GB f~L‡Ê mvwn‡Zï cÖK…Z
weKvk‡K KwVbZi K‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb| cÂgZ, evOvwj gymjgvb Z_v evsjv‡`‡k emevmiZ
†jLK‡ì mvgwMÖKfv‡e mvwnZ¨cÖwZfvq EbZv wQj j¶Yxq| cÂvk I lv‡Ui `k‡K, we‡kl
12
K‡i evnv‡b′vi fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi c‡i †ek K‡qKRb cÖwZfvevb Kwe-mvwnwZ¨‡Ki Avwef©ve
NU‡jI cÖ‡qvRbxq msL¨vi Zzjbvq Zv wQj †e`bv`vqKfv‡e Kg| Avi W. gyn¤§` knx`yjøvni
g‡Zv e¨w³‡Z¡i Dcw¯ wZ we‡ePbvq wb‡qI wbwØ©avq ejv hvq †h mgv‡jvPbv mvwnZ¨ ZLb M‡oB
I‡Vwb Av‡`․| d‡j cÖwZfvevb †jLKe„‱` bv cvi‡Zb ¯^‡`‡k wPwýZ n‡Z, bv cvi‡Zb cÖPv‡ii
Av‡jvq Av‡jvwKZ n‡Z| Z`ycwi †Kv‡bv eûj cÖPvwiZ Ges gvbm¤§Z wbqwgZ mvwnZ¨
cwÎKvi Abycw¯ wZi Kvi‡Y, Ges GKB mv‡_ cÖKvkbv I wecY‡bi eë¯ v bv-_vKvi Kvi‡Y
Zviv wbR‡`‡ki mvaviY gvbyl †Zv `~‡ii K_v, m‡PZb cvVKmgv‡Ri Kv‡Q †c․uQz‡ZI e¨_©
nw‪Q‡jb cÖwZwbqZ| cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K (1957 mv‡j) ÔmgKvjÕ cÖKvwkZ n‡jI
Zv h‡_óÕi we‡ePbvq wQj †bnv‡qZB AcÖZzj| ZvB XvKvi Kwe-MíKvi‡ì ZL‡bv wb‡R‡ì
†jLv Qvcvi Rb¨ cÖavbZ wbf©i Ki‡Z nZ KjKvZvi ¯^bvgab¨ cwÎKv¸‡jvi Ic‡iB| Zviv
mv‰‭¡bvm~PK wKQz †jLv Qvcv‡Zb e‡U, Z‡e Zv †KejgvÎ wb‡R‡ì †jLK‡ì †jLv Qvcvi c‡i
duvKv RvqMv _vK‡j †Kej|
GBme Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki MímvwnZ¨ evsjvgvb Ges wek¦gv‡b †c․uQz‡Z mgq wb‡q‡Q
†ek A‡bKUvB|
B‡Zvg‡a¨ evsjvM‡íi Av‡jvPbv, M‡elYv I BwZnvm cÖYq‡bi †h KvR¸‡jv msNwUZ
n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv meB K‡i‡Qb cwðge‡½i mgv‡jvPK I M‡elKiv| Zviv Zv‡ì iPbvK‡g©
evsjvMí ej‡Z eywS‡q‡Qb †KejgvÎ Ges ïaygvÎ cwðge‡½i Mí‡KB| d‡j `xN©w`b hveZ,
GgbwK MZ kZ‡Ki be″B `kK ch©‰‭I evOvwj cvVK evsjvM‡íi bv‡g †c‡q‡Qb †KejgvÎ
cwðge‡½i †jLK I Zv‡ì †jLv M‡íi cwiwPwZ I ch©v‡jvPbv| evsjvM‡íi GB LwÊZ
Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ †hgb cwðge‡½i K…Zwe`¨ we`» M‡elK-cwÊZiv †hgb KL‡bvB
AvZ¥mgv‡jvPbvi RvqMvq wb‡R‡ì ùvo Kivbwb, †ZgbB evsjv‡`‡ki †jLK-M‡elK‡ì c¶
†_‡KI †mB cwðge½xq msKxY©Zvi cÖwZ `„wó AvKl©‡Yi †Kv‡bv †PóvI Kiv nqwb| GL‡bv
cwðge‡½i †jLK-M‡elKiv †KejgvÎ GB K_v e‡j wb‡R‡ì †`vl övjb Ki‡Z Pvb †h,
†m‡`‡k bvwK evsjv‡`‡ki †jLK‡ì eB cvIqv hvq bv| AvR‡Ki gy³evRvi A_©bxwZi hy‡M
GB evjwLj¨ hyw³ †gv‡UB h‡_ó bq| h‡_ó bq mvwnwZ¨K i wPi w`K †_‡KI| wK‰‧ ev¯‭eZv
n‡‪Q, evsjv‡`‡ki Mí m¤ú‡K© cwðge½ Z_v fvi‡Zi evsjvfvlx Ab¨ AÂ‡j †Kv‡bv c~Y©v½
aviYv GL‡bv M‡o I‡Vwb|
A_P evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí A‡bK Av‡MB nxb¤§b¨Zvi mKj ¯‭i †cwi‡q G‡m‡Q|
GLb G‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi Ae¯ vb, msL¨v Ges gvbÑ mewKQzB †h wek¦mvwn‡Zï mgv‰‭ivj, Zv
me©¯‭‡i Rvwb‡q †Ìqvi Rb¨B Avjv`v K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi msKjb, †QvUM‡íi
ch©v‡jvPbv I M‡elYvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡‪Q| †mB Kvi‡Yi mv‡_ mvhyR¨ †i‡LB GB msKj‡bi
cwiKíbv Ges cÖKvkbv| AveviI GK_v g‡b Kwi‡q †Ìqv cÖ‡qvRb †h, GKKfv‡e Ges
Avjv`vfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi cvV Ges ch©v‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRb co‡Q †KejgvÎ cwðge‡½i
†ev×vgn‡ji GKgywL Kg©Kv‡Êi d‡j m„ó duvK¸‡jv‡K fivU Kievi Rb¨B| GB duvKUzKz c~iY
K‡i †Ìqvi c‡i Avi Avjv`vfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi msKjb ev Av‡jvPbv Kivi ìKvi
co‡e bv| ZLb n‡e †KejgvÎ evsjvM‡íi wbe©vwPZ msKjb| †mLv‡b GK‡Î MÖw_Z n‡e
evsjv‡`‡ki, fvi‡Zi Ges c„w_exi †h †Kv‡bv cÖv‡‰‭ emevmiZ, †h †Kv‡bv iv‡óªi bvMwiK
evsjvfvlx †jLK‡ì †kªó Mídmj¸‡jv| ivóª I f~‡Mv‡ji wfb′Zv, GgbwK fvlvi wfb′Zv
m‡Ë¡I jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi wZwikwUiI AwaK †`‡ki †QvUMí †hfv‡e †KejgvÎ jvwZb
13
Av‡gwiKvi Mí wn‡m‡eB wPwýZ nq, Avwd«Kvi Aa©kZvwaK †`‡ki †QvUMí †hgb †KejgvÎ
Avwd«Kvi †QvUMí wn‡m‡eB wPwýZ nq, wVK †ZgbB c„w_exi mKj cÖv‡‰‭ emevmiZ evOvwji
wjwLZ †QvUMíB evsjv †QvUMí wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡e|
†Kvb Mí¸‡jv‡K Avgiv ejwQ evsjv‡`‡ki Mí? †Kvb †jLK‡K ejwQ evsjv‡`‡ki Mí‡jLK?
gvb`Ê wn‡m‡e cÖavbZ we‡eP¨ f~‡Mvj| f~‡MvjwU n‡‪Q 1971-cieZ©x eZ©gvb evsjv‡`‡ki
†f․‡MvwjK mxgv‡iLv| mgq wefvR‡bi †¶‡Î 1947 mvj Avgv‡ì we‡ePbvq †bB| ag©xq
cwiPq Av‡`․ we‡eP¨ bq| GB f~L‡Ê hviv 1947 mv‡ji Av‡M-c‡i cvKvcvwKfv‡e Ae¯ vb
K‡i‡Qb, Mí wj‡L‡Qb, ZvivB evsjv‡`‡ki †jLK| Rb¥ wb‡q‡Qb GB e‡½, †jLvcov K‡i‡Qb
GB e‡½, wK‰‧ †h †Kv‡bv Kvi‡YB †nvK, cieZ©x‡Z P‡j †M‡Qb fviZxq bvMwiKZ¡ wb‡q, Ggb
†jLKiv evsjv‡`‡ki †jLK wn‡m‡e wb‡RivI †hgb we‡ewPZ n‡Z PvB‡eb bv, AvgivI †mUv
PvB bv|
Zvn‡j evsjv‡`k Ges fvi‡Zi evB‡i c„w_exi Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †`‡k †h †jLKiv cÖevmxi
Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Qb, Zv‡ì †ejvq we‡eP¨ Kx? we‡eP¨ Zv‡ì bvMwiKZ¡| Zviv cÖev‡m
_vK‡jI hw` evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiKZ¡ eRvq iv‡Lb, evsjv‡`‡ki bvMwiK cwiP‡q cwiwPZ n‡Z
Pvb, Zvn‡j Zviv evsjv‡`‡kiB †jLK|
avivevwnKZv wKsev cvi¤ú‡h©i cwiPq

c~Y©P‱`ª P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi †jLv ÔgaygZxÕ MíwU‡K AvaywbK evsjv †QvUM‡íi m~Pbv wn‡m‡e †g‡b
wb‡q‡Qb we`¨vqZwbK M‡elKe„‱`| MíwU cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj ew¼gP‱`ª m¤úvw`Z Ôe½`k©bÕ
cwÎKvi •R¨ô 1280 msL¨vq (BsivwR 1873 mvj)| evsjv †QvUM‡íi m~Pbv‡jL‡Ki bvg
c~Y©P‱`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq n‡jI evsjv †QvUM‡íi RbK wn‡m‡e iex‱`ªbv_ VvKziB me©gn‡j ¯^xK…Z|
iex‱`ªbv_ cÖ_g cÖ¯‧wZg~jK MíwU wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔfviZxÕ cwÎKvq 1284 m‡b| MíwUi bvg wQj
ÔwfLvwiYxÕ| Zvi cieZ©x `yB Mí ÔNv‡Ui K_vÕ Ges ÔivRc‡_i K_vÕ cÖKvwkZ nq| GB `ywU
iPbv‡K Mí ej‡Z cÖ_‡g ¯^qs iex‱`ªbv_I wØavw‰^Z wQ‡jb| †mB Kvi‡YB †evanq GB
iPbv`ywUi ¯ vb n‡qwQj 1314 m‡b cÖKvwkZ ÔwewPÎ cÖeÜÕ MÖ‡‰ | GB iPbv `yBwU ÔMí¸‡‪QÕ
¯ vb cvq 19 eQi c‡i 1333 m‡b| K…òKgj fÆvPv‡h©i m¤úv`bvq ÔwnZev`xÕ cÖKvwkZ n‡Z
_v‡K 1298 m‡b (1891 mv‡j)| GB cwÎKv‡ZB ci ci QqwU Mí wj‡LwQ‡jb iex‱`ªbv_|
†m¸‡jv n‡‪Q Ô†`bvcvIbvÕ Ô†cv÷gv÷viÕ ÔwMwb′Õ ÔivgKvbvB‡qi wbey©w×ZvÕ ÔeëavbÕ I
ÔZvivcÖm‡b′i KxwZ©Õ| mwZ¨Kv‡ii evsjv †QvUM‡íi hvÎv ïi  GB Mí¸‡jvi gva¨‡gB| G‡Ki
ci GK †QvUMí wj‡L evsjvmvwn‡Z¨ †QvUMí bvgK eM©wU‡K ¯ vqx cÖwZôv G‡b †`b
iex‱`ªbv_|
evsjv‡`‡ki M‡elKivI cwðge½xq auv‡P LyuR‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g
†QvUMí Kvi nv‡Z, KLb, †Kvb cwÎKvq wjwLZ n‡qwQj| †ZgbwU cvIqv hvqwb| Zey †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bv M‡elK `vwe K‡ib †h •mq` Gg`v` Avjx m¤úvw`Z Ôbeb~iÕ cwÎKv‡K †K‱`ª K‡iB
cÖ_g m~wPZ n‡qwQj evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi dêyaviv| wK‰‧ Gfv‡e wbw`©ó w`b-ZvwiL-cÎ-
cwÎKvi wVKzwR bv _vK‡jI †Kv‡bv ¶wZ †bB| KviY ïi iI Av‡M _v‡K ïi | Avevi ïi i
c‡i †U‡b wb‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb nq avivevwnKZvi| †mB avivevwnKZvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡i‡Q A‡bK¸‡jv cwÎKv| ZrKvjxb c~e© I cwðge‡½i, cÖavbZ gymjgvb †jLK‡ì Drmvn
14
`v‡bi Rb¨ KvR K‡i †M‡Q gyn¤§` knx`yjøvn I †gvRv‡¤§j nK m¤úvw`Z Ôe½xq gymjgvb
mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvÕ (1918), †gvRv‡¤§j nK m¤úvw`Z Ô†gvm‡jg fviZÕ (1920), †gvnv¤§`
bvwmiDwÏb m¤úvw`Z ÔmIMvZÕ (1918), †gvnv¤§` AvKig Luv m¤úvw`Z gvwmK Ô†gvnv¤§`xÕ
(1927), Avãyj Kvwì m¤úvw`Z ÔRqZxÕ (1930) cwÎKv| Gi g‡a¨ 1923 mv‡j XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cÖwZôv c~e©e‡½i K…lK-m‰‭vb‡ì mvg‡b D‪Pwk¶vi GK bZzb my‡hvM G‡b
†`q| GKB m‡½ wek¦we`¨vjq‡K †K‱`ª K‡i mvi¯^Z m‡¤§j‡bi cÖK„Z m¤¢vebv m„wó nq| h_v_©
¸Yx I wkw¶Z gvbyl‡ì Kv‡Q cvIqvi GB my‡hvM c~e©e½xq hyemgv‡Ri gvbm MV‡b bZzb
m¤¢vebvi `yqvi D‡b¥vPb K‡i| d‡j wek¦we`¨vjq‡Kw‱`ªK mvwnZ¨PP©vI ïi  n‡Z †`Lv hvq| GB
me wgwj‡q MZ kZ‡Ki wZwik I Pwjø‡ki `k‡K Avwef~©Z nb †ek K‡qKRb Mí‡jLK|
Pwjø‡ki `k‡Ki cÖavb NUbvejx n‡‪Q mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v-nv½vgv, `ywf©¶, †`kfvM, wecyj
msL¨K gvby‡li †`kZ¨vM Ges AvMgb| `v½vi NUbv wZwi‡ki `k‡KI N‡UwQj| Gi g‡aÏ
evsjv‡`‡k Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Qb †mv‡gb P‱`-i g‡Zv Mí‡jLK| KwgDwb÷ †mv‡gb P‱` gvÎ 22
eQi eq‡m ivR‣bwZK cÖwZc‡¶i nv‡Z wbnZ nb| Zvi Av‡MB wZwb Ggb K‡qKwU Mí wj‡L
†h‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †h¸‡jv hyM hyM a‡i cÖfvweZ K‡i P‡j‡Q DËicÖR‡b¥i Mí‡jLK‡ì|
wZwi‡ki `k‡K Mí wj‡L‡Qb •mq` Gg`v` Avjx, †eMg †iv‡Kqv, kvgmyb bvnvi gvngy`,
KvRx Bg`v`yj nK, GKivgyÏxb, kvnv`vr †nv‡mb, KvRx bRi j Bmjvg, †Mvjvg Kv‡mg, Gm
Iqv‡R` Avjx, Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, †gvnv¤§` jyrdi ingvb, dRjyj nK cÖgLy | cÖvK-Pwjøk
`k‡Ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ M‡íi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †mv‡gb P‱` wjwLZ ÔBu`yiÕ mn A‰‭Z 10wU AmvaviY
†QvUMí, i‡q‡Q dRjyj n‡Ki ÔgvQÕ ÔeywogvÕ Ôgv÷viÕ, GKivgyÏx‡bi ÔQÙ‡ekxÕ gwebDwÏb
Avng‡ì ÔhqZzbÕ, †gvnv¤§` jyrdi ingv‡bi Ôwd‡i hvI, wd‡i hvIÕ|
1947-G AwR©Z c~e© cvwK¯‭vb Z_v evsjv‡`‡k KjKvZv‡Kw‱`ªK mvwnZ¨ cwigÊj‡K
cvk KvwU‡q XvKv‡Kw‱`ªK wb‡R‡ì cwigÊj M‡o †Zvjvi GKwU †Póv j¶ Kiv hvq| GB
mg‡q mgvRRxe‡bi g‡Zv mvwnZ¨-mvs¯K…wZK †¶‡ÎI mvgwqK wek„‫‫‬Ljv †`Lv †`q| GB
mgqwU‡Z cvwK¯‭vb bvgK ¯^c′‡jv‡K Av‪Qb′ evOvwj gymwjg gvbm †Kgb wek„‫‫‬Lj Ges
w`kvnviv wQj, Zvi GKwU mwZ¨Kv‡ii wPÎ cvIqv hvq eì Ïxb Dg‡ii we‡kølY †_‡K| wZwb
wj‡L‡QbÑ ÔcvwK¯‭vb Av‡‱`vj‡bi mgq gymjgvb‡ì ZvnRxe, ZgyÏyb BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv
wbwðZ aviYvi AeZ©gv‡b †KD G-m‡ei Øviv g‡b Kij †Kvigv, †cvjvI, †KvdZv I Mi 
LvIqvi ¯^vaxbZv| †KDev Avevi g‡b Kij fvlvi g‡a¨ h‡_‪Qfv‡e Aviex-dvimx k‡ãi
Avg`vbxi ¯^vaxbZv| †KD fvej gi f~wgi Dci h‡_‪Q KweZv †jLvi ¯^vaxbZv| Kv‡iv Kv‡Q
ev gymjgvb‡ì AvZ¥wbq‰¿Y gv‡b †evSv‡jv gmwR‡ì mvg‡b wn‱`y‡ì ev`¨ ev`‡bi cwie‡Z©
gymjgvb‡ì †mB Kv‡Ri m¤ú~Y© ¯^vaxbZv| Kv‡iv Kv‡Q Gi A_© nj we`¨vmvMi-ew¼g-
iex‱`ªbv_‡K eR©b K‡i Zvi ¯ ‡j AvjvIj, Mixeyjvø Ges Kvq‡Kvev`‡K Awfwl³ Kiv|Õ
GB iKg cwiw¯ wZ‡Z Pwjø‡ki `k‡K Mí wj‡L‡Qb Beivnxg Luv, Aveyj Kvjvg
kvgmyÏxb, gvneye-Dj-Avjg, Aveyj dRj, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb, gnxDÏxb †P․ayix, kv‡n`
Avjx, mi`vi R‡qbDÏxb, AvKei †nv‡mb, kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjvg, KvRx Avdmvi DwÏb
Avng`, ivwRqv gvneye, AvKei DÏxb, Avey †jvnvbx, Ave`yj nK, BmnvK PvLvix| Mí
wj‡L‡Qb Avey i k`, Avey BmnvK, Avkivd wmwÏKx, kIKZ Imgvb| Avi Mí wj‡L‡Qb
•mq` IqvjxDjøvn| Pwjø‡ki `kK †Zv e‡UB, AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`‡kiI Mímvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg
†kªô bvg n‡‪Q •mq` IqvjxDjøvn|
15
iPbv‣kjx Ges wkí¸‡Y A‡bK¸‡jv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí wjwLZ n‡q‡Q GB `k‡K|
†m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Beivnxg Luv-i ÔbQi c¨vqv`vÕ ÔI¯‭v`Õ, Aveyj gbmyi Avng‡ì Ôûhyi
†KejvÕ ÔdzW Kbdv‡iÝÕ, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏx‡bi ÔGK‡Rvov c¨v‱UÕ ÔZvjvKÕ, kv‡n` Avjxi
ÔwReªvB‡ji WvbvÕ, kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjv‡gi Ôc_ Rvbv bvBÕ, Avey Bmnv‡Ki Ô†RuvKÕ, Avkivd
wmwÏKxi ÔnKviÕ ÔGKwU AvZ¥nZ¨vi KvwnbxÕ| kIKZ Imgvb cieZ©x `kK¸‡jv‡Z A‡bK
¯§iYxq Mí wj‡L‡Qb| GB `k‡K wZwb wQ‡jb Zi Y| †mB mg‡q †jLv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ M‡íi
g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q ÔRjNiÕ Ges ÔB‡jgÕ| mi`vi R‡qbDwÏ‡bi Ôbqvb XyjxÕ MÖ‡‰ i me¸‡jv MíB
†mB mgq cvVKbw‱`Z n‡qwQj| KvRx Avdmvi DwÏb Avng‡ì ÔKjKvZvi kxZÕ Av‡jvob
Zz‡jwQj cÖKv‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_| cieZ©x‡Z g~jZ cÖvewÜK wn‡m‡e cwiwPwZ †c‡jI †mB `k‡K
Ave`yj nK wj‡LwQ‡jb †ev×vgn‡j L¨vwZKzov‡bv MíMÖ‰  Ô†iv‡Kqvi wb‡Ri evwoÕ| BmnvK
PvLvixi ÔivqUÕ M‡í cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi fqven wkíwPÎ|
•mq` IqvjxDjøvni cÖ_g MíMÖ‰  ÔbqbPvivÕ cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj KjKvZv †_‡K| weL¨vZ
Ôc~e″©vkvÕ cwÎKvi m¤úv`K Kwe mÄq fÆvPvh© ZrKvjxb Zi Y †jLK IqvjxDjøvni Mí cv‡V
gy» n‡q wb‡Ri cÖKvkbx †_‡K eBwU cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb| ÔbqbPviv-i cieZ©x MíMÖ‰  Ô`yB
ZxiÕ| me¸‡jv MíB evsjv Mímvwn‡Zï ¯ vqx m¤úìƒ‡c we‡ewPZ nq mwZ¨Kv‡ii
mvwnZ¨‡ev×vi Kv‡Q| Jcb¨vwmK cwiP‡q gnxi n n‡q DV‡jI •mq` IqvjxDjøvn-i Mí‡jLK
cwiPq †Kv‡bvw`bB b~¨b e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e bv| KviY evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í wZwbB cÖ_g
G‡bwQ‡jb mwZ¨Kv‡ii AvaywbKZv| GKB mv‡_ Zuvi M‡í wQj evsjvi AK…wÎg g„wËKv-MÜ|
Zuvi M‡íi cÖwZwU PwiÎ evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Kv‡Q AZ¨‰‭ cwiwPZ| Avi †mB m‡½ wQj
cÖ‡qvRbxq fvlvwbg©vY| GZLvwb Fw× evsjv‡`‡ki M‡í †Zv e‡UB, mgMÖ evsjvfvlvi M‡íI
Lye Aí K‡qKRbB gvÎ AR©b Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| Pwjø‡ki `kK‡K ¶Z-we¶Z K‡i‡Q †h
†`kfvM, †mB †`kfvM‡K wb‡q iwPZ •mq` IqvjxDjøvni ÔZzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnbxÕ MíwU ¯ vb
K‡i wb‡q‡Q me©Kv‡ji †kªô Mí¸‡jvi ZvwjKvq| GKB mv‡_ mviv c„w_exi me©‡kl mvwnZ¨ZË¡
Ges mvwnZ¨-cÖeYZv¸‡jvi mv‡_ cwiwPZ _vKv, cÖKiY wb‡q AbeiZ wbix¶vi cvkvcvwk
mwZ¨Kv‡ii M‡íi g‡a¨ wb‡Ri †`k I gvbyl‡K Zz‡j Avbvi weij ¶gZvB •mq`
IqvjxDjøvn‡K evsjv Mímvwn‡Z¨ wPi¯ vqx Avm‡bi Aí K‡qKRb AwaKvixi g‡a¨ GKRb
K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|
cÂv‡ki `k‡K GB †`‡k msNwUZ n‡q‡Q fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi g‡Zv hyMv‰‭Kvix NUbv|
c~e©evsjv ev evsjv‡`k bv‡gi GB f~L‡Ê fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi c‡i †Kv‡bv wKQzB Avi Av‡Mi
g‡Zv _v‡Kwb| wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z MwVZ cvwK¯‭vb bvgK ivóªwUi cÖwZ evOvwji †gvn wd‡K
n‡Z ïi  K‡iwQj †mB 1948 mvj †_‡KB| †mB †gvn †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl cy‡ivcywi
gyw³jvf K‡i fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi gva¨‡g| fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi gva¨‡gB evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl
c„w_exevmx‡K GB ms‡KZ cvVvq †h evOvwj wbR¯^ GKwU ivóª MV‡bi c‡_ GwM‡q hv‡‪Q| Avi
†mB ivóªMV‡b fvlvwfwËK RvZxqZvev` _vK‡e cÖavb cÖfve‡Ki f~wgKvq| evsjv‡`‡ki
MíKviiv fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡b mvov w`‡qwQ‡jb Av‰‭wiKfv‡e| GgbwK †jLK‡ì A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb
GB Av‡‱`vj‡bi mwµq msMVK Ges Kg©x| fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi mKj mvwnwZ¨K `wjj‡K aviY
Ki‡Z nvmvb nvwdRyi ingv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ GwM‡q G‡jb cÖMwZkxj †jLK Ges Kweiv| evnv‡b′vi
knx‡ì i‡³i `vM ïKv‡bvi Av‡MB GKz‡ki cÖ_g msKjb cÖKvwkZ nj nvmvb nvwdRyi
ingv‡bi m¤úv`bvq| †mB msKjb AvRI c„w_ex‡Z gyw³Kvgx gvby‡li Ab¨Zg cÖavb
16
m„Rbkxj `wjj wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq| fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi gva¨‡g G‡`‡ki Kwe-mvwnwZ¨Kiv
GB Dcjwä‡ZI †cu․Qv‡jb †h evsjv mvwn‡Zï PP©v †KejgvÎ Avi mvwnZ¨PP©vi g‡a¨ mxgve×
†bB, Zv GLb evOvwj RvwZmËv i¶vi GK gnvb wecøex `vwq‡Z¡I cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| GB `vwqZ¡
cvj‡bi •kw_j¨ †`Lv‡j BwZnvm KvD‡KB ¶gv Ki‡e bv| d‡j †jLKiv me©vZ¥Kfv‡e
Suvwc‡q co‡jb mvwnZ¨K‡g©| dêyaviv cwiYZ nj gy³avivq| AmsL¨ m„wó I dm‡j f‡i DVj
evsjvi mvwnZ¨Rwgb| Mí‡jLK‡ì †Zv wcwQ‡q _vKvi cÖk′B Av‡m bv| KviY, Zviv ZZw`‡b
ey‡S †M‡Qb †h, evsjvi gvbyl GKwU m¤§vbRbK I MYZvw‰¿K Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Avengvb Kvj a‡i
†h jovB Pvwj‡q Avm‡Q, †mB jovB‡K Rxe‰‭ a‡i ivLvi me‡P‡q Kvh©Ki mvwnZ¨gva¨g n‡‪Q
†QvUMí| cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki mKj MíKviB Avg„Zz¨ m„wógyLi| A‡b‡K cieZ©x‡Z Mí †jLv
†_‡K m‡i Ab¨ iPbvq g‡bvwb‡ek K‡i‡Qb| wK‰‧ m„wókxjZvi A½xKvi †_‡K wcQz n‡Ubwb
†KD-B| GB `k‡K Avwef~©Z D¾¡j MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨ AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, kIKZ Avjx,
•mq` kvgmyj nK, Rwni ivqnvb, nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb, wgiRv Ave`yj nvB, myPwiZ †P․ayix,
†evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi, iv‡eqv LvZzb we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` GKmgq wb‡R‡K GB `k‡Ki mePvB‡Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MíKvi
wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡iwQ‡jb| GB `k‡Ki Rxebev`x Ges ev¯‭egyLx avivwUi cÖeZ©K Ges
cw_K…rÑ `yB-B wQ‡jb wZwb| †mB mgq weKv‡kvb¥yL Z_v weKvkgvb evsjv MímvwnZ¨ Zuvi
nv‡Z jvf KiwQj GKm‡½ •kwíK, mvgvwRK Ges ivR‣bwZK gvÎv| cieZ©x‡Z Avek¨ wZwb
wb‡Ri Ae¯ vb a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb| ga¨we‡Ëi Amvi KznKZv Ges †ivgvw‱UKZvi Pwe©Z
Pe©‡b Afxó j¶¨ †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i m‡i †M‡Qb|
Z‡e wb‡Ri j¶¨ †_‡K KL‡bvB wePy¨Z nbwb kIKZ Avjx| cÖMwZkxj mvwnZ¨ I
mgvRwP‰‭v Zvi †fZ‡i cÖR¡wjZ †i‡L‡Q c_Pjvi Av‡jvKwkLv| ZvB KL‡bvB c_åóZvi
wkKvi nbwb wZwb| wewfb′ mgq Kjv‣Kejëv` AvµgY kvwb‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨-
A½‡b| †mB Kzn‡K †ec_y n‡q‡Qb A‡b‡K| wK‰‧ wb‡Ri RvqMv †_‡K b‡obwb kIKZ Avjx|
wb‡Ri mvwnZ¨`k©b‡K evi evi cix¶v-wbix¶v K‡i‡Qb| ch©v‡jvPbv Ges wbg©g
AvZ¥mgv‡jvPbvq KL‡bvB civ‫‫‬gyL nbwb wZwb| †kl ch©‰‭ w¯ Z †_‡K‡Qb mvwnZ¨ Ges
mgvRcÖMwZi Av‡‱`vj‡b| ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki mePvB‡Z ¸i Z¡c~Y© Dcb¨vm¸‡jvi GKwU eo
AskB wjwLZ n‡q‡Q Zuvi nv‡Z| A‡bK mgqB Av‡jvPbvi cv`cÖ`xc †_‡K `~‡i _vK‡Z
n‡q‡Q Zv‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki ivóª¶gZvi g‡Zv mvwn‡Zï KZ…©Z¡I †ewkifvM mgq _v‡K
cÖwZwµqvkxj GKwU `yóP‡µi nv‡Z| wK‰‧ Zviv civwRZ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb kIKZ Avjx‡K|
evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Zï MZ 70 eQ‡ii BwZnvm cÖgvY K‡i‡Q †h kIKZ Avjxi g‡Zv
†jLKivB †kl ch©‰‭ ùvwo‡q _vK‡Z cv‡ib gv_v DuPz K‡i| Dcb¨vm-mvwn‡Z¨ g‡bv‡hvM †ewk
wbe× _vK‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi Av‡jvPbv kIKZ Avjx‡K ev` w`‡q wKQz‡ZB c~Y©v½Zv
†c‡Z cv‡i bv| Zvi Ô†jwjnvb mvaÕ Avgv‡ì Mímvwn‡Zï GK †M․iegq DËivwaKvi|
•mq` kvgmyj n‡Ki g‡Zv Ggb m„wógyLi Ges me©v½mdj †jLK GLb ch©‰‭ GKRbI
Rb¥vbwb evsjv‡`‡k| mwZ¨Kv‡ii me¨mvPx †jL‡Ki Awfav GKgvÎ Zv‡KB gvbvq| KweZv,
Mí, Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ, mgv‡jvPbvmvwnZ¨, Abyev`Ñ mKj †¶‡ÎB †mvbvdjv‡bv †jLK
•mq` kvgmyj nK| Zuvi Ô†Ljvivg †L‡j hvÕ Dcb¨vm Zv‡K Zz‡j w`‡q‡Q wKse`w‰‭i ch©v‡q|
Ô•ekv‡L iwPZ csw³gvjvÕi g‡Zv mdj AvaywbK Avw½‡Ki KweZv¸‪Q iPbv †Kej Zvi c‡¶B
m¤¢e| Ôciv‡Yi Mnxb †fZiÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi AvÂwjK fvlvq †jLv m‡bU¸‪Q AvR ch©‰‭
17
evsjvmvwn‡Z¨ Zzjbvnxb| Ôcv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvqÕ Ges Ôb~ij`x‡bi mvivRxebÕ-Gi g‡Zv
Kve¨bvUK GKRb †jLK‡K evsjvmvwn‡Z¨ wPi¯ vqx Avm‡bi wbðqZv w`‡Z cv‡i| MíiPbv I
Míwbg©v‡Y Zvi Fw× Zy½¯úk©x| c„w_exi gvbyl hLb jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi g¨vwRK wiqvwjR‡gi
bvgB †kv‡bwb, bvg †kv‡bwb gv‡K©R-†ev‡n©m‡ì, ZLbB wZwb wj‡L †d‡j‡Qb Ôi³ †MvjvcÕ-
Gi g‡Zv Awe¯§iYxq Mí| •mq` kvgmyj nK K_vmvwn‡Z¨ KvR Ki‡Qb cÖvq lvU eQi a‡i|
Lye m½Z Kvi‡YB Zvi m~Pbvj‡M′i iPbv Avi eZ©gvbKv‡ji iPbv GK bq| †hgb wZwb wb‡Ri
eZ©gvb mg‡qi Mí‡K Avi Mí e‡jb bv| e‡jb ÔMí-cÖeÜÕ| †mB Mí ev Mí-cÖeÜ‡K Avevi
wZwb GKK_vq e‡jb Ôwe‡kl ai‡bi wg‡Q-K_vÕ| Zvi Revbx‡Z †mB wg‡Q-K_vi GKgvÎ `vwe
GB †h, Zvi †fZ‡i m¤¢eciZv _vK‡Z n‡e †lvjAvbv, bB‡j Zv wek¦vm‡hvM¨ n‡e bv| Avgiv
GLb Rvwb †h, GB m¤¢eciZvB i‡q‡Q Mí-Dcb¨v‡mi Mí-Dcb¨vm n‡q IVvi g~‡j| Kíbv
bq, evbv‡bv wKQz bq, hv nqwb wK‰‧ Aek¨B n‡Z cviZÑ gvby‡li •Zwi gvbyl wb‡q hveZxq
K_v-Kvwnbx †Zv GUvB| wbi‰‭i wbix¶vkxjZvi welqwU‡K we‡ePbvq wb‡j •mq` n‡Ki †Kv‡bv
Zzjbv Avgv‡ì evsjv‡`‡k †Zv e‡UB, iex‡‱`ªvËi evsjvfvlv‡ZB `yj©f| cix¶v-wbix¶vi
†¶‡Î wZwb GK A‰‭nxb cwieªvRK| •mq` kvgmyj nK Avgv‡ì †`‡ki †mB weij †jLK‡ì
GKRb, whwb `k‡Ki MwÊ †f‡O †ewi‡q G‡m‡Qb| wZwb Míwbg©v‡Y, Mífvebvq, Míeq‡b
memgqB mgmvgwqK| KL‡bv KL‡bv mg‡qi Zzjbvq GwM‡qI hvb| Mí Ges Dcb¨v‡mi
me©‡kl cÖKiYwUI Zvi AvqËvaxb| A_P wZwb me©vs‡k cÖKiYev`x bb| `ytmvnmx bv n‡j
wbix¶vcÖeY nIqv hvq bv| †Kbbv GKwU ch©v‡q †c․u‡Q hk-L¨vwZ cvIqvi c‡i †KD Avi
mn‡R †mB RvqMvwU †Q‡o bo‡Z Pvb bv| d‡j hv N‡U Zv n‡‪Q cybive„wË Ges kw³¶q|
wb‡Ri †jLv †_‡K wb‡RB bKj Kiv| cybiveZ©‡b •mq` n‡Ki cÖPÊ Abxnv| †mB Kvi‡Y
evisevi wb‡RiB wbwg©Z myig¨ †m․amKj, hv Zv‡K L¨vwZ-cÖwZcwË G‡b w`‡q‡Q
evsjvmvwn‡Zï †¶‡Î, †mB †m․a ch©‰‭ wZwb Abvqv‡m Z¨vM K‡i †ewi‡q c‡ob evisevi bZzb
M„‡ni mÜv‡b| bZzb cix¶v-wbix¶vi c‡_ Pj‡Z wM‡q evi evi i³v³ n‡Z nq Zv‡K, Zey c_
Pj‡Z fq cvb bv wZwb| Avi Awek¦vm¨fv‡e cÖvq mKj‡¶‡ÎB wZwb mvd‡jï †`Lv wKQ-bv-
wKQz †c‡qB hvb| weivb-wegyL cÖv‰‭‡i KL‡bv my`„k¨ ng©ïvwR, KL‡bv L‡oi AvUPvjv †Mu‡_
Zzj‡Z cv‡ib wZwb| †mB Kvi‡YB evsjvfvlvi cÖexYZg †_‡K ïi  K‡i bexbZg †jL‡Ki
Kv‡Q •mq` kvgmyj nK Aek¨cvV¨|
cÂv‡ki `k‡K hvÎv ïi  Kiv Ab¨vb¨ †jL‡Ki g‡a¨ we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Rwni
ivqnvb| KviY GB `k‡K msNwUZ fvlv Av‡‱`vjb wb‡q me‡P‡q †ewk Mí Ges Dcb¨vm iPbv
K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb| cieZ©x‡Z Pjw‪P‡Î g‡bvwb‡ek Kivq wZwb evsjv †QvUM‡í Avi D‡jøL‡hvM¨
†Zgb †Kv‡bv Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb| GKB mv‡_ Zvi AKvj kwnw`-g„Zz¨ evsjv mvwnZ¨-
ms¯‥…wZi A½‡b GK Ac~iYxq ¶wZi KviY n‡q i‡q‡Q| GKz‡ki Agi Mv‡bi MxwZKvi Avãyj
Mvddvi †P․ayix eZ©gv‡b mvsevw`K-Kjvwg÷ wn‡m‡eB cwiwPZ| Z‡e †mB cÂv‡ki `k‡K
wZwb Ô†gNbvÕ bv‡gi GKwU mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv m¤úv`bvi cvkvcvwk Ômgªv‡Ui QweÕi g‡Zv †ek
K‡qKwU fv‡jv MíI wj‡LwQ‡jb| GKz‡ki Avn″v‡b mvov w`‡qwQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g
AvaywbK b„Z¨-Kzkxje eyjeyj †P․ayixI| Zvi Kj‡g iwPZ nq PgrKvi K‡qKwU Mí| Avevi
fvlv Av‡‱`vjb‡K †K‱`ª K‡i ÔKeiÕ iPbvi gva¨‡g evOvwj RvwZi g‡ZvB AgiZ¡ AR©bKvix
gybxi †P․ayixI Mí wjL‡Z DØy× n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔbM′ cvÕ Ges ÔLogÕ Gi g‡Zv
ivR‣bwZK gvÎvmg„× Mí| GB `k‡K Avwef~©Z Ab¨ Mí‡jLK‡ì g‡a¨ knx` mv‡e‡ii ÔGK
18
UzKiv †gNÕ, wgb′vZ Avjxi Ôgd¯^j msev`Õ ÔAvgvi cÖ_g †cÖgÕ, gyZ©Rv ekx‡ii Ômv`v nvZxÕ,
ikx` Kix‡gi Ôg„Zz¨msev‡ì ci `yÕNÈvÕ, iv‡eqv LvZz‡bi Ô†Ubk‡b fyM‡Q †MvUv †`kÕ cvV‡Ki
`„wó AvKl©Y K‡iwQj| m‡Z¨b †m‡bi g‡Zv wKse`w‰‭Zzj¨ ivR‣bwZK e¨w³I GB `k‡K †ek
K‡qKwU Mí iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| GB `k‡KB iwPZ n‡qwQj nvmvb nvwdRyi ingv‡bi
Awe¯§iYxq Mí ÔAv‡iv `ywU g„Zz¨Õ| g‡b Kwi‡q †Ìqv ìKvi, GB `k‡K iwPZ fv‡jv
Mí¸‡jvi †ewkifvMB aviY K‡iwQj 1957 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ wmKv‱`vi Avey Rvdi m¤úvw`Z
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g mwZ¨Kv‡ii mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv ÔmgKvjÕ|
lv‡Ui `k‡K nVvr K‡iB †hb Mí Ges MíKv‡ii e¨vwß cÖmvwiZ nq A‡bK¸Y| wK
msL¨vq wK •ewP‡Î¨ wK cix¶v-wbix¶vqÑ me‡¶‡ÎB †QvUMí †hb Avg~j cwiewZ©Z n‡q
hvw‪Qj| ivR‣bwZK-mvgvwRK UvjgvUvj †XD‡qi g‡a¨ †hgb GB `k‡KB evOvwj gymjgvb
mgv‡Ri g‡a¨, weK…Z c‡_ n‡jI, GKwU ga¨weË †kªwY cÖwZwôZ nevi mKj kZ© c~iY nq,
†ZgbB †QvUM‡íi †¶‡Î mvwe©Kfv‡e m~Pbv nq GKwU wfb′ f~‡Mvj Ges wfb′ K‡Éi| GB cÖ_g
†jLK‡ì †KD †KD Dcjw× Ki‡Z ïi  K‡ib †h Zv‡ì evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Mí wjL‡Z
n‡e, †h Mí¸‡jv BD‡ivcxq bq, cwðge½xq bq| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki Mí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jv
cÖeYZv wQj, hv GB `k‡Ki mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK cÖeYZvmg~‡ni mgvbycvZx|
cÖ_gZ, lv‡Ui `k‡Ki D¾¡j †QvUMí¸‡jv cÖavbZ cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj wjUj
g¨vMvwR‡b| d‡j GK ai‡bi AcÖvwZôvwbKZvi cwiPq GB Mí¸‡jvi Aeq‡e Lyu‡R cvIqv
hvq| †h‡nZz wjUj g¨vMvwR‡b cÖKvwkZ, ZvB wKQzUv cix¶v-wbix¶vi my‡hvM wQj| memgqB
†m¸‡jv wk‡ívËxY© GgbwU ejv hv‡e bv| Z‡e GB A‡_© G‡K BwZevPK ej‡ZB n‡e †h, GKwU
wbix¶v cieZ©x‡Z Av‡iv wbix¶vi ìRv Db¥y³ K‡i †`q| wØZxqZ, lv‡Ui `kK cÖavbZ
†K‡U‡Q AvBqywe •¯îkvm‡bi huvZvK‡j wcó n‡q| †m mgq gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv wQj
wbwl×| ZvB lv‡Ui †jLK‡ì K_bixwZ‡Z Avb‡Z n‡q cwieZ©b| AcÖZ¨¶ K_‡bi gva¨‡g
Mí-wbg©vY| Gi d‡j Avevi RxebwegyL wkí-me©¯^Zvi GKwU cÖeYZvI `vbv †eu‡awQj GB
`k‡K| Z…ZxqZ, lv‡Ui †jLK‡ì GKwU eo mvdj¨ n‡‪Q M‡íi fvlv‡K Dchy³iƒ‡c M‡o
Zzj‡Z cviv| lv‡Ui cÖavb MíKviiv k‡ãi kw³ m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb wQ‡jb| ZvB Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB
AcÖwZØw‱Ø fvlvwkíxI e‡U|
lv‡Ui `kKRy‡o †hme wjUj g¨vMvwRb Ges AwbqwgZ mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv cÖKvwkZ
n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖfvem¤úvwZ cwÎKv wQj GKvwaK| †hgb Gbvgyj nK m¤úvw`Z
ÔDËiYÕ, kvnRvnvb nvwdR m¤úvw`Z Ômv¤cÖwZKÕ, dvi K AvjgMxi m¤úvw`Z ÔcÖwZa″wbÕ,
Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx` m¤úvw`Z ÔKÉ¯îÕ, †di‡`․m mv‡R`xb m¤úvw`Z Ômy‱ìgÕ, kkv¼ cvj
m¤úvw`Z Ôkªve¯‭xÕ| GQvov wQj ÔmßKÕ I ÔcwiPqÕ| wQj ÔDévÕ ÔK‡cvZÕ Ô¯îMÖvgÕ| XvKvi
evB‡i e¸ov †_‡K dvi K wmwÏKxi m¤úv`bvq GB wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi wgwQ‡j †hvM w`‡qwQj
ÔwecÖZxcÕ| Avi GB `k‡Ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ NUbv n‡‪Q ïaygvÎ M‡íi cwÎKvi AvZ¥cÖKvk| GB
D‪Pvwfjvlx cÖKíwUi ¯^c′`ªóv wQ‡jb Kvgvj web gvnZve| Zvi m¤úv`bvq cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj
M‡íi KvMR Ô†QvUMíÕ|
GB `k‡K †QvUM‡íi †jLKmsL¨v c~e©eZ©x `kK¸‡jvi Zzjbvq køvNbxqfv‡e †ewk|
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, AveyeKi wmwÏK, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, Ave`yj
gvb′vb •mq`, ivnvZ Lvb, gvngy`j
y nK, ikx` nvq`vi, Avng` Qdv, wecÖ`vk eo‬qv,
19
myeªZ eo‬qv, Ave`yk kvKzi, wiwRqv ingvb, †mwjbv †nv‡mb, Kv‡qm Avn‡g`, Av‡bvqviv •mq`
nK, ivwRqv Lvb, c~iex emy, ekxi Avj †njvj, gvneye ZvjyK`vi, knx` AvL‱`, RyevB`v
¸jkvb Aviv, bqb ingvb, mv‡`Kv kwdDjøvn, Aiƒc ZvjyK`vi, Avkxl Kzgvi †j․n, AvjgMxi
ingvb, knx`yi ingvb, wmivRDwÏb Avn‡g`, Kvgvj web gvnZve, wecøe `vm, †gmevnDwÏb
Avng`, †R¨vr‡m′‱`y PµeZ©x, kv‡Ki †P․ayix, AvgRv` †nv‡mb, Avey Kvqmvi, Gnmvb †P․ayix,
eyjeb Imgvb, gy¯‭dv Av‡bvqvi, mvhhv` Kvwì, wUcy myjZvb, †nv‡mbDÏxb †nv‡mb, AvbIqvi
Avng`, ûgvqyb †P․ayix, Av‡Zvqvi ingvb, dRjyj nvmvb BDmyd, d‡Zn †jvnvbx, AvdjvZzb,
bxjy `vm, Rvnvbviv nvwKg, w`jviv nv‡kg, Ave`yj nvwdR, kvnb~i Lvb, Ave`yi ingvb, Sb©v
`vk cyiKvq¯ , †ngv‡qZ †nv‡mb, kvgm ikx`, AwRZ Kzgvi wb‡qvMx, nvwg`v nvwdR, mv‡jnv
LvZzb, †n‡jbv Lvbmn Av‡iv A‡bK Mí‡jL‡Ki Avwef©vi N‡U GB `k‡K| †KD †KD
¯^í¯ vqx, Avevi †KD †KD evsjvmvwn‡Z¨ ¯ vqx Avm‡bi w`‡K avegvb|
†R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë G‡`‡ki †mB D¾¡j MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨ GKRb whwb mgvR ev¯‭eZvi
mv‡_ wkímdjZvi †gjeÜb NUv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| Zvi cÖavb mvdj¨ n‡‪Q DcwiZ‡ji ev¯‭eZvi
KznKweå‡g Av‪Qb′ bv †_‡K memg‡qB MfxiZvq cÖ‡e‡ki †Póv Kiv| mvi‡dm wiqvwjwUi
eY©bvq m‰‧ó _vK‡Z cv‡ib †KejgvÎ †M․Y †jLKivB| A‡b‡KB cwðgv A¨ve÷ªvKk‡bi
duv‡` c‡o wb‡Ri Pjvi c_ nvwi‡q †d‡jb| †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë A¨ve÷ªvKkb‡K eënvi Ki‡Z
wM‡q nvwi‡q hvbwb| A¨ve÷ªvKkb w`‡q wiqvwjwU‡K Dc¯ vcb I e¨vL¨v Kivi †¶‡Î wZwb
GB‡`‡k cw_K…r †jLK| mdjZgI e‡U| †m Kvi‡YB GB f~L‡Êi wkí-mvwn‡Zï †¶‡Î
h_v_© AvaywbKZvi cw_K…r wn‡m‡e hLb KweZvq bvg Av‡m knx` Kvìxi, fv¯‥‡h© b‡fiv
Avn‡g‡ì, bvU‡K mvC` Avn‡g‡ì, ZLb †QvUM‡íi †¶‡Î Awbevh©fv‡e D‪PvwiZ nq
†R¨vwZcÖKvk `‡Ëi bvg| †jLKRxe‡bi ïi  †_‡KB †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë †hb Rvb‡Zb evsjv
†QvUMí‡K wZwb †Kvb ch©v‡q †`L‡Z Pvb| ZvB ïaygvÎ wb‡R †jLvB bq, lv‡Ui `k‡K wZwb
†QvUM‡íi msMVK wn‡m‡eI `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| GB Kvi‡YB lv‡Ui Mí‡Kw‱`ªK mKj
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwÎKv †hgb ÔDËiYÕ, ÔcwiPqÕ Ges ÔmßKÕ-Gi †bc_¨ msMVK wn‡m‡e mwµq
†_‡K‡Qb wZwb| Zvi M‡íi f~‡Mvj wewPÎ| wK‰‧ †kl ch©‰‭ me¸‡jv MíB mvaviY gvby‡li
Rxebhvcb Ges Rxeb¯^c′B dzwU‡q †Zv‡j| Zvi M‡íi mg¯‭ •ewPÎ¨ I ci¯ú‡ii wfb′Zv
m‡Ë¡I Avgiv Avwe®‥vi Ki‡Z cvwi †h we‡kl GKwU Av`j dz‡U i‡q‡Q meLv‡bB| PwiÎ¸‡jv
†K †Kvb Ae¯ vb †_‡K hy× Ki‡Q Zv Avi ZLb we‡eP¨ _v‡K bv; eis my¯  Rxe‡bi Rb¨ mevB
cÖvYcY hy× †h Ki‡Q, GUvB mZ¨ n‡q †`Lv †`q|
ivnvZ Lvb n‡‪Qb lv‡Ui Ab¨Zg M`¨wkíx whwb mgKvj‡K Zvi mKj e`gv‡qwk,
PvjvwK, jv¤úU¨, cÖZviYv I †e`bvm‡gZ aievi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| Zvi †jLvq AvZ¥gM′Zvi
GKwU e¨vcvi i‡q‡Q| †mUvB Zv‡K Av‪Qb′ K‡i iv‡L| Avi wZwb Av‪Qb′fv‡eB mgvRwPÎ‡K
hZUv cv‡ib cwiùzU K‡ib| Z‡e bvMwiK Rxe‡bi †PvMv-PvcKv‡bi wb‡P jyKv‡bv †h `M`‡M
¶Z, Zv‡K wZwb D‡b¥vPb K‡ib ¶gvnxbfv‡eB| †h․bZv wb‡q Zvi bvovPvov Ab¨‡ì †P‡q
GKUz †ewk, hwÌ GKai‡bi mshgx-•eivM¨ Zvi †h․bwP‰‭v‡K mnRgyw³ `vb K‡i|
Kjv‣Kejëv` ev wk‡íi Rb¨ wkí wb‡q lv‡Ui `k‡K gvZvgvwZ K‡i‡Qb A‡b‡KB|
wK‰‧ Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` Qvwc‡q †M‡Qb mevB‡K| Avavi Ges Av‡aq-Gi Ø‡‱Ø wZwb memgq
cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb Av‡aq‡K| GB‡¶‡Î wZwb Av‡cvmnxb Ges GKwbôfv‡e gvjv‡g©c‰ x| wØZxq
wek¦h‡y ×i ciciB KjKvZv‡Kw‱`ªK wKQz Mí‡jLK BD‡ivcxqZvi ¯ú„ó n‡q GB iKg
20
†UKwbKwbf©i Mí wjL‡Z ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb| hwÌ BD‡iv‡c Zv ïi  n‡qwQj BwZnv‡mi A‡gvN
wbq‡g ga¨we‡Ëi Rxe‡bi cÖ_vweb¨¯‭ iƒ‡ci fvO‡bi d‡j| †Kbbv †mLv‡b ga¨we‡Ëi wb‡Uvj
Rxebe„Ë †h †h Dcv`v‡bi Ici wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡VwQj, †mB Dcv`v‡bi A‡bK¸‡jvB hy×
Ges hy×-cieZ©x msK‡U †f‡m wM‡qwQj| Gw`‡K cÖhyw³ Zv‡ì w`‡Z ïi  K‡i‡Q wew‪Qb′ nevi
AeKvk| d‡j bvMwiK D`vmxb •be©w³KZvq ci¯úiwehy³ gvby‡li wb‡Uvj Rxebe„Ë ej‡Z
Avi wKQzB iBj bv| d‡j †`Lv w`j †mB Mí †hLv‡b KZ©v Kg, AvwZ¥KZvi msKU †ewk, †h
M‡í mse„wË †bB, Av‡Q wee„Z A‡klZ¡| Avw`-A‰‭ e‡j wKQz †bB, Av‡Q ïay GK wbi cvq
gaëwZ©Zv| GB Db¥~j †PZbv AAgv‡ì f~L‡Ê Gj Avg`vwbm~‡Î| Avi †kKonxb GB
†PZbv`k© Ges †UKwbK‡K hviv jy‡d wb‡jb, wb‡R‡ì me©kw³ wb‡qvM Ki‡jb GB
†UKwbKwbf©i MíiPbvq, Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` Zv‡ì Ab¨Zg| Zvic‡iI wbg©vYKzkjZvi
Kvi‡Y A‰‭Z, evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi RM‡Z Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` ¸i Z¡c~Y© GKwU bvg n‡q
_vK‡eb|
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK m¤¢eZ G‡`‡ki mePvB‡Z †ewk Av‡jvwPZ Mí‡jLK| wK‰‧
†mme Av‡jvPbvq cÖK…Z nvmvb‡K aievi †Póvi PvB‡Z Av‡jvP‡Ki wb‡Ri cwÊwZ djv‡bvi
†PóvB †ewk †Pv‡L c‡o| cÖK…Zc‡¶ nvmvb AvwRRyj nK Avgv‡ì †mB weij †jLK‡ì
GKRb whwb Ô¯^vfvweK †jLKÕ| Zvi M‡íi fvlv, cÖe‡Üi fvlv Avi K_‡bi fvlvi g‡a¨ cÖP
wgj| wZwb †h ixwZ‡Z K_v e‡jb, wjL‡Z e‡mI †mB aibUvB eRvq iv‡Lb| AcÖZ¨¶
ixwZ‡Z welq‡K †auvqv‡U K‡i Mí †jLv Zvi av‡Z †bB| cwiùzUbB Zvi hveZxq Abykxj‡bi
j¶¨| Zvi ¯^vfvweKZvi wØZxq j¶Y n‡‪Q GB †h, wjL‡Z e‡m M‡í welq Av‡M bv Avw½K
Av‡M, bvix Av‡M bv cyi l Av‡M, bvix-cyi ‡li fvimvg¨ eRvq ivLv cÖ‡qvRb wK bvÑ Gme
wb‡q Zv‡K we‱`ygvÎ gv_v Nvgv‡Z †`Lv hvqwb KL‡bv| Avevi Avw½K wb‡q e¨wZe¨¯‭ nbwb
gv‡b GB bq †h wZwb Avw½‡Ki e¨vcv‡i Am‡PZb| Zvi ÔkKzbÕ M‡íi Avw½‡Ki m‡½
Ômv¶vrKviÕ Mí‡K †gjv‡bv hv‡e bv| Avi, gvbehvÎvq bvix-cyi l wPiKvjB cvkvcvwk
i‡q‡Q| Zv GZB ¯^vfvweK †h bvix‡K c„_Kfv‡e †`Lvi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡ibwb nvmvb| mgv‡R
bvix-cyi ‡li f~wgKv I Ae¯ v‡b ZviZg¨ Av‡Q, †m m¤ú‡K© wZwb cy‡ivgvÎvq m‡PZb| wK‰‧
bvixev`x bv-mvR‡jI wKsev kirP‡‱`ªi g‡Zv †NvwlZ bvixì`x bv n‡jI nvmvb AvwRRyj
n‡Ki M‡í †`Lv hvq †h, bvix‡ì RxebZ…òv cyi ‡li Zzjbvq A‡bK †ewk cÖej, msmv‡ii
KwVbZg ev¯‭‡e bvix-B k³ n‡q ùvovq, msmv‡ii mg¯‭ we‡li AwaKvsk Dì¯  Ki‡Z nq
bvix‡KB|
A_©vr †h mg¯‭ mgm¨v wb‡q †M․Y †jLK‡ì Anin gv_v Nvgv‡Z nq, nvmvb AvwRRyj
nK‡K †mRb¨ mgq‡¶cY Ki‡Z nq bv| GB wbwØ©a _vKvi ¶gZv wZwb AR©b K‡i‡Qb GK
¯^‪Q Rxeb`„wó Ges wkí`„wó AR©b Kivi gva¨‡g| eo †jL‡Ki GB ¸Y Zvi iPbvK‡g©i RvZ
wPwb‡q †`q cvVKgvÎ‡KB|
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm Mí‡jLK wn‡m‡e G‡Kev‡iB †gvngy³| †h me
†¯‭vKev‡K¨ ga¨weË wb‡R‡K eyS w`‡q wb‡Ri †`v`yj¨gvb I myweavev`x Ae¯ vb Ges AcKg©‡K
Rv‡qR wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bvi †Póv K‡i, g~j¨‡ev‡ai bv‡g cÖPwjZ wKQz wRwbm‡K me©`v eënvi
K‡i A‡bï ¯^vaxbZv I m„RbkxjZv‡K Le© Kivi Rb¨, †cÖg-ag©-mgv‡Ri bv‡g Pvwj‡q hvq
cvi¯úwiK kª×vwenxb `v¤úZ¨RxebÑ GBme †gvn †_‡K gy³ Bwjqv‡mi †PZbv| wZwb A‡K¬‡k
ewni‡½i Pzb-myowK-c‡j¯‭viv Lwm‡q †`wL‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib †h m¤ú‡K©i BgviZ bvgK e¯‧wUi
21
BU¸‡jvi duv‡K ms‡hvMx wm‡g‡‱Ui Av‡`․ †Kv‡bv Aw¯‭Z¡ †bB| GB †`wL‡q †ÌqvUv KL‡bv
KL‡bv cÖvq wbg©gZvi ch©v‡q †c․u‡Q hvq| ga¨weË cvV‡Ki m‡nï AZxZ n‡q ùvovq wb‡Ri I
wb‡R‡ì ga¨Kvi m¤úK©¸‡jvi Avmj †Pnvivi fqvenZv|
lv‡Ui Ab¨Zg kw³kvjx K_vKvi AveyeKi wmwÏK| Zvi g‡Zv Ggb Zxeª M`¨
evsjv‡`‡k Avi †KD wjL‡Z cv‡ibwb| Zxeª, Av‡eMx, FRy Ges j¶¨‡f`x| Db¥~j gvby‡li
RxebPh©v, Zv‡ì cy‡iv RxebKv‡j †`Lv gvÎ GKgy‡Vv ¯^‡c′i K_v AveyeKi wmwÏK AuvK‡Z
cv‡ib wbcyY `¶Zvq| Zvi Míejvi fw½ cvVK‡K cÖvq eva¨ K‡i Zvi mv‡_ msnwZ cÖKv‡k|
GwUB Zvi me‡P‡q eo mvdj¨| cvV‡Ki g‡a¨ wb‡Ri wP‰‭vi mvdj¨RbK msµgY NUv‡bv|
¯^íe¨vß Rxe‡bi cy‡iv mgqUzKz AZ¨‰‭ Rxe‰‭ wQ‡jb Avng` Qdv| m„wó‡Z †Zv e‡UB,
†`kKv‡ji mKj ai‡bi Avn″v‡b memgq mvov w`‡q‡Qb GB mwZ¨Kv‡ii gvbylwU| RvZxq
Rxe‡bi Ggb †Kv‡bv w`K †bB, †hw`‡K Mfxi `„wó wb‡¶‡ci †Póv K‡ibwb Avng` Qdv| Zvi
Rxeb Ges Ab¨vb¨ iPbvi g‡ZvB Zxeª Ges ms‡e`bkxj Zvi Mí¸‡jv|
ÔweovjÕ MíwU wj‡L ïi ‡ZB cvV‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y K‡iwQ‡jb knx`yi ingvb| Zvi
Mí¸‡jv‡Z g~jZ Lyu‡R cvIqv hv‡e gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨ µgea©gvb dvUj¸‡jvi
†cv÷g‡U©g| Zvi †jLv ÔAvgvi g„Zzï Rb¨ †KD `vqx bqÕ MíwU cÖKi‡Y, welq wbe©vP‡b,
•kwíK e¨Äbvq Ges Abyf~wZi ZxeªZvq lvU `k‡K †jLv †kªô Mí¸‡jvi ZvwjKvq ¯ vb K‡i
wb‡q‡Q|
bexb ivóª Ges mgv‡Ri wewfb′ †kªwYi web¨vm Ges cybwe©b¨vmRwbZ Aw¯ iZv‡K M‡í
avi‡Yi †Póv K‡i‡Qb Kv‡qm Avn‡g`| GB `k‡KiB Ab¨Zg m„wógyLi †jLK wecÖ`vk eo‬qv|
GK msnZ a¨vbgM′ m‡‰‭i g‡Zv Zvi M‡í Ph©vMxwZKvi †¯‭vÎKÉ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| lv‡Ui
Av‡iK cÖavb †jLK gvngy`yj nK, whwb Rxeb‡K wbR m‡nvìvi mgvb g~jëvb, Aiw¶Z Ges
ewÂZ Ae¯ vq Avwe®‥vi K‡ib|
lv‡Ui `k‡K Avwef~©Z n‡qwQ‡jb †ek K‡qKRb bvix-†jLK| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cieZ©x‡Z
¯^KxqZvq fv¯î n‡q‡Qb wiwRqv ingvb, †mwjbv †nv‡mb, Av‡bvqviv •mq` nK Ges c~iex
emy|
evOvwji BwZnv‡m me‡P‡q Zvrch©c~Y© NUbvwUi Rb¥ mËi `k‡K| Zv n‡‪Q c„w_ex‡Z
evOvwj cÖ_g I GKgvÎ ¯^vaxb ivóª evsjv‡`‡ki Afy¨`q| Avevi GB `k‡KB N‡U‡Q
evsjv‡`‡ki RvwZi Rb‡Ki wbg©g nZ¨vKvÊ| cy‡iv mËi `kK wQj bvbv iKg NUbv-`yN©Ubvq
cwic~Y©| ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi c‡i RvZxq gyw³i j‡¶¨ mgvRZ‡‰¿i c‡_ cv evov‡bvi †NvlYv
w`‡qwQ‡jb ZrKvjxb miKvi| wK‰‧ Zv‡ì mvwe©K Kvh©µg †mB †NvlYvi mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© wQj
bv weavq we¶zä Zvi ‡Yï GKwU weivU Ask wb‡R‡ì g‡Zv K‡i mgvRZvw‰¿K wecø‡ei c‡_
AMÖmi nq| wb‡R‡ì g‡aÏ Zv‡ì wQj bvbv ai‡bi Ø‱Ø| †mB Ø‡‱Øi djkÖ wZ‡Z bexb
iv‡óªi wei ‡× Pig cÖwZwµqvkxj‡ì loh‡‰¿i c_ AevwiZ n‡q c‡o| ZviB djkÖ wZ‡Z
¯^vaxbZvi gvÎ mv‡o wZb eQ‡ii gv_vq ivóª¶gZv Avevi P‡j hvq cÖwZwµqvkxj kw³i nv‡Zi
gy‡Vvq| Z‡e civRq gv‡bwb cÖMwZkxj kw³| cy‡iv `kKRy‡oB Zviv msMwVZ nevi †Póv
K‡i‡Q, cÖwZ‡iva Movi †Póv K‡i‡Q| †`‡ki †f․‡MvwjK Ges ivóªxq ¯^vaxbZv ¯^vfvweK
Kvi‡YB evB‡ii c„w_exi mv‡_ mKj gn‡jiB cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ †hvMv‡hvM evov‡bvi my‡hvM
K‡i w`‡qwQj| d‡j c„w_exi mKj †`‡ki, mKj fvlvi wP‰‭vi mv‡_ Av‡iv †ewk K‡i cwiwPZ
n‡q IVvi my‡hvMI m„wó nw‪Qj †ewk| GB mewKQzi cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvq GB `k‡Ki
22
†QvUM‡í| gyw³hy× Ges gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv memgqB RvMiƒK †_‡K‡Q g~javivi †jLK‡ì
mKj Kg©Kv‡Ê| GB †jLK‡ì Øviv †`‡ki g‡a¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q AmsL¨ wjUj g¨vMvwRb,
cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q bZzb bZzb msev`cÎ, cÖKvkbv cÖwZôvb| cvkvcwk •ewk¦K ivRbxwZ Ges
wkí-ms¯‥…wZi mv‡_ M‡o D‡V‡Q A‡bK †ewk †hvMv‡hvM| d‡j mwZ¨Kv‡ii Av‰‭Rv© wZKZv Ges
RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai mg‰^‡qi m~Î¸‡jv Lyu‡R †ei Kivi bZzb `vqwUI †hvM n‡q‡Q †jLK‡ì
Kuv‡a| GB `k‡K Mí wjL‡Z G‡jb nwic` `Ë, gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei, gÄy miKvi, mykv‰‭
gRyg`vi, eyjeyj †P․ayix, ûgvqyb Avn‡g`, AvZv miKvi, Avng` ekxi, kvnwiqvi Kwei,
ev‡iK Avãyjøvn, gy¯‭dv cvb′v, Bg`v`yj nK wgjb, Avey mvC` Ry‡eix, fv¯‥i †P․ayix, •mq`
Avn‡g` Zv‡iK, g‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, gnwmb k¯¿cvwY, Avdmvb †P․ayix, nvi b nvexe, •mq`
BKevj, iwdKzi ikx`, Rvdi ZvjyK`vi, Zvcm gRyg`vi, wd‡ivR mviIqvi, gwbiv Kv‡qm,
AvjgMxi †iRv †P․ayix|
ïi ‡ZB ÔKzKzi I AvKv‡ki Puv`Õ Ges ÔwcZ…f~wgÕ Mí`ywUi gva¨‡g nwic` `Ë Rvwb‡q
w`‡jb †h evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨ Avwef©vi N‡U‡Q AZ¨‰‭ kw³gvb GK †jL‡Ki| cieZ©x‡Z
G‡Ki ci GK Mí Ges eo cUf~wgKvi Dcb¨v‡mi gva¨‡g wb‡R‡K evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Zï
GK Acwinvh© bv‡g cwiYZ K‡i‡Qb wZwb|
RxebNwbô Mí gv‡bB †h †mwU‡K MÖv‡gi cUf~wgKvq iwPZ n‡Z n‡e, ev Zv‡Z
wbg′e‡M©i gvby‡li AvL¨vb eY©bv Ki‡Z n‡e, Ggb aviYvi g~‡j KzVvivNvZ Ki‡jb gCbyj
Avnmvb mv‡ei| knievmx ga¨weË †Zv e‡UB, D‪PweË‡ì †K‡‱`ª †i‡LI †h RxebNwbô Ges
wkímg„× Mí †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i, Zv †hb cÖ_g †`Lv‡jb wZwb|
AZ¨‰‭ kw³kvjx †jLK gwbiv Kv‡qm| evsjvfvlvq bb-wdKkb avivi Mí A‡b‡KB
wj‡L‡Qb| Z‡e Zv gwbiv Kv‡q‡mi g‡Zv avivevwnK mvd‡jï mv‡_ wjL‡Z cv‡ibwb Ab¨
†KD|
Avwki `kK evsjv‡`‡k wjUj g¨vMvwRb Ges cvVP‡µi `kK wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
†`‡ki g~j ivR‣bwZK kw³ cÖvq cy‡ivcywi P‡j †M‡Q cÖwZwµqvkxj P‡µi nv‡Z| Zv‡ì
c„ô‡cvlKZvq †`‡ki •`wbK cwÎKv¸‡jvi mvwnZ¨ mvgwqKx Ges mvßvwnK, cvw¶K, gvwmK
cwÎKv¸‡jv cvVK g‡bviÄ‡bi bv‡g AMfxi m¯‭v we‡bv`bg~jK mvwn‡Zï cÖmv‡i wbgM′| †mB
Kvi‡Y hviv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B mrmvwn‡Zï PP©v Ki‡Z PvBwQ‡jb, Zv‡ì ùvovevi RvqMv K‡i
w`‡Z †Kv‡bvg‡ZvB ivwR wQj bv g~javivi cÎ-cwÎKv| †mB Kvi‡Y weKí KvM‡Ri Avkª‡q
†h‡Z eva¨ n‡jb GB `k‡K wjL‡Z-Avmv MíKviiv| †QvU cwim‡i ïi  Kivi c‡iI GB
`k‡Ki A‡bK †jLKB GLb evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨ †bZ…‡Z¡i Avm‡b D‡V G‡m‡Qb| GB
`k‡Ki †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb knx`yj Rwni, gvgyb ûmvBb, Iqvwm Avn‡g`, †mwjg
†gvi‡k`, kvnv`y¾vgvb, BgwZqvi kvgxg, cvi‡fR †nv‡mb, bvmixb Rvnvb, ûgvqyb gvwjK,
KvRj kvn‡bIqvR, Sb©v ingvb, •mq` wiqvRyi ikx`, mÄxe †P․ayix, gnxeyj AvwRR, Zv‡iK
kvnwiqvi, kvgmyj Kwei, kwn`yj Avjg, gvLivR Lvb, iv‡k` Db bex, mv` Kvgvjx, Zcb
eo‬qv, †èvwkm fÆvPvh©, cvifxb myjZvbv, gbxk ivq, Kvgvj ivngvb, †gvnv¤§` wmivR|
be″B `kK n‡‪Q c„w_ex‡Z mgvRZvw‰¿K ivóªwbix¶vi Aemv‡bi `kK| wejyß n‡q‡Q
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb, kw³i fvimvg¨ nvwi‡q c„w_ex cwiYZ n‡q‡Q GKK civkw³i µxob‡K,
cÖvq mKj `wi`ª Ges Le©kw³i †`k euvav c‡o‡Q wek¦e¨vs‡Ki Lei`vwii †eovRv‡j, gvwK©b
Bkvivq Ges cÖZ¨¶ n¯‭‡¶‡c D‡ë hv‡‪Q †`‡k †`‡k ¶gZvmxb‡ì M`x, gy³evRv‡ii bv‡g
23
c„w_ex cwiYZ n‡q‡Q Ki‡cv‡iU cyuwRi Aeva jyÉb‡¶‡Î, Avi evsjv‡`‡k mvgwiK •¯îvPv‡ii
Aemvb NU‡jI ïi  n‡q‡Q wbe©vwPZ •¯îvPvi I cwieviZ‡‰¿i hyM| Ab¨ mKj ïfeyw×m¤úb′
gvby‡li g‡ZvB evsjv‡`‡ki wP‰‭vkxj †jLKivI nZwen″j| GB mgq cÖMwZkxj bv‡g cwiwPZ
Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì GKwU weivU Ask †Kv‡bv iKg ch©v‡jvPbv QvovB `‡j `‡j wf‡o †h‡Z
ïi  Ki‡jb eo `yB ivR‣bwZK cøvUd‡g©| GB mgq wjL‡Z Avmv Zi Yiv †h `k©b Ges
`vk©wbKZvi msK‡U fyM‡eb, G †Zv Rvbv K_vB| AMÖR Kwe-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì g‡a¨ myweavev`
evmv †eu‡a‡Q wPi¯ vqx e‡‱`ve¯‭ wb‡q| Zviv †h `‡j Uvbvi Rb¨ nvZ evwo‡q _vK‡eb Zi Y‡ì
w`‡K, G-I Rvbv K_v| GB mgq hviv Mí wjL‡Z G‡m‡Qb, Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB ivR‣bwZK
¯^‪QZvi w`K †_‡K wQ‡jb A‡bKvs‡k `wi`ª| d‡j GB `k‡Ki †jLK‡ì wb‡R‡ì KÉ¯î
Lyu‡R †c‡Z mgq †j‡M‡Q A‡bK †ewk| Zvic‡iI GB `k‡K †ek K‡qKRb kw³kvjx
†jL‡Ki Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki †kªô M‡íi ZvwjKv cÖYqb Ki‡Z †M‡j GB `k‡K
†jLv A‡bK¸‡jv MíB ¯ vb cv‡e †mLv‡b| GB `k‡K Mí‡jL‡Ki ZvwjKvI h‡_ó `xN©|
G‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qb AvKgj †nv‡mb wbcy, AvwKgyb ingvb, Av‡bvqvi kvnv`Z, Avngv` †gv¯‭
dv Kvgvj, Aw`wZ dvêybx, Kvgi ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi, †LvKb Kvqmvi, PÂj Avkivd, bvwmgv
†mwjg AjxK, cvcwo ingvb, cÖkv‰‭ g„av, gwb nvq`vi, gwkDj Avjg, gvmy`yj nK, gvneye
†gv‡k©`, wgR©v Zv‡ni Rvwgj, iweDj Kwig, ivRv mwn`yj Avmjvg, ivRxe b~i, ivqnvb ivBb,
BwZ Beªvnxg, †ivKb ingvb, kvgxg †iRv, mvjgv evYx, kvnbvR gyb′x, kvnxb AvLZvi, wkgyj
gvngy`, D‡¤§ gymwjgv, `xjZvR ingvb, gvmy`v fvwÆ, ivLvj ivnv, mvKx †gvnv¤§`, mgxi
Avn‡g`, gvneye jx‡jb, iv‡k` ingvb, m‡‰‭vl Xvjx, mvjvg mv‡jnDÏxb, mvB` nvmvb `viv,
†Rmwgb gybbx, bvwmgv Avwbm, l‣ok¦h© gyn¤§`, jveY¨ cÖfv, gvneye †iRv|
be″B-cieZ©x Mí‡jLK‡ì ZvwjKvq Av‡Qb kvRvb kxjb, •mKZ Av‡iwdb, Zzwnb
mgÏvi, evKx wejøvn, eì b bvnvi, weRq Avn‡g`, cÖexi cvj, dRjyj Kvweix, AiY¨ cÖfv,
Avey Zv‡ni midivR, Gg`v` ingvb, Kexi ivbv, Rv‡n` †gvZv‡je, b~i bbex kv‰‭, gvRyj
nvmvb, gv`j nvmvb, †kL jyrdi, ïfvwkm wmbnv, †di‡`․m gvngy`, Rv‡n` mv‡ivqvi, dvi K
Avn‡g`, AØq `Ë, jwZd †Rvqv`©vi, P‱`b †P․ayix, †gv¯‭dv ZvwiKzj Avnmvb, ivnv` Avexi,
†Z․wnb nvmvbmn Av‡iv A‡b‡K| G‡ì †KD †KD B‡Zvg‡a¨ †ek K‡qKwU fv‡jv Mí
wj‡L‡Qb| Z‡e Kv‡ivB wbR¯^ Mífvlvi Qvc GL‡bv Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqwb|
†kl K_v; A‡kl cÖkœ

evsjv‡`‡ki Mí‡jK‡ì GK wekvj ZvwjKv cÖ¯‧Z Kivi c‡iI A¯^w¯‭ †_‡K hvq| A¯^w¯‭i
KviY †KejgvÎ GB bq †h ZvwjKvq bvg-_vKv †jLK‡ì Zzjbvq fv‡jv M‡íi msL¨v
AcÖZzj| eis KviY GB cÖk′UvB †h, evsjvfvlvq evsjv‡`‡ki †jLK bvgK eM©wU †h
Avjv`vfv‡e wPwýZ Kivi cÖ‡qvRb co‡Q, Zv wK Avgv‡ì †jLKiv ü`q w`‡q Abyfe Ki‡Z
cv‡ib? evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxbZv jv‡fi c‡iI PwjøkwU eQi †cwi‡q †M‡Q| GLb evsjv I
evOvwjmswkøjó mKj-wKQzi `vq-`vwqZ¡ †h GB evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li Zv wK Avgiv Rvwb? evsjv
Mímvwn‡Zï D¾¡j DËivwaKvi enb Kiv Ges Zvi h_v‡hvM¨ DËim~wi wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡ì
cÖwZwôZ Kivi Rb¨ †h m‡PZb cwikªg ìKvi Zv wK Avgv‡ì †`‡ki †jLKiv w`‡‪Qb?
mvwnZ¨ †h KL‡bv KL‡bv †Kv‡bv `j ev e¨w³i wec‡¶B ïay ùvovq bv, eis cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a
wbivj¤^ ivRbxwZi wei ‡×I ùvov‡Z nq Zv‡K GB welqwU wK gb‡b aviY K‡ib Avgv‡ì
24
Mí‡jLKe„‱`? evsjvfvlvq eQ‡ii ci eQi a‡i GB evsjv‡`‡ki †jLKiv BD‡iv‡ci Mí
wj‡L‡Qb, Av‡gwiKvi Mí wj‡L‡Qb, Avie-Bivb-Zziv‡bi Mí wj‡L‡Qb, KjKvËvBqv Mí
wj‡L‡Qb, nv‡j †KD †KD jvwZb Av‡gwiKv GgbwK Avwd«Kvi MíI wjL‡Qb| wK‰‧
Ôevsjvfvlvq evsjv‡`‡ki MíÕ wjL‡Z cvivUvB †KejgvÎ Avgv‡ì mvdj¨ Ges Aw¯‭‡Z¡i
PvweKvwV GB mZ¨wU wK Avgiv Rvwb?
[ †jLK: M`¨wkíx| †ckvq wPwKrmK| ]
e o cÖ e Ü
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí
we k¦ wR r †Nv l
†i‡bmuvm-DËiKv‡j, cyuwRev`x Drcv`b eë¯ vi cig weKv‡k hy‡M, AvaywbK gvby‡li Rxe‡b
†`Lv †`q eûgvwÎK •ewPÎ¨ Ges mxgvnxb RwUjZv| AvaywbK gvbe‣PZ‡bï mgy`wª e¯‭…wZ I
wef½Zv, eûfyR wem½wZ I wech©q, A‰‭M©~p †e`bv I D¾¡j Avkvev` GB me cÖeYZv
cÖKv‡ki Awbevh© gva¨g wn‡m‡e Ebwesk kZvãx‡Z bZzb wkí-Avw½Kiƒ‡c †QvUM‡íi
AvZ¥cÖKvk| cyuwRev`x mf¨Zvi Af¨‰‭i mxgve×Zvi Pv‡c, mg‡qi kvm‡b gvbyl hZB hvw‰¿K
n‡q‡Q, †QvUMí mvwn‡Zï weKvk Z‡ZvB n‡q‡Q F×| c~Y© Rxeb bq, eis •eix c„w_ex‡Z
Rxe‡bi LÊvskB gvby‡li Kv‡Q cÖvavb¨ †cj| G Ae¯ vq Dcb¨v‡mi cwie‡Z© †QvUMí D‡V
Avmj RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l©| †Kbbv, GKK Abyl‡½i Avav‡iB †QvUM‡í dz‡U DVj c~Y© Rxe‡bi
e¨Äbv cÙcvZvi wkwk‡i †hgb †n‡m I‡V cÖfv‡Zi m¤ú~Y© m~h©|
Dcb¨v‡mi g‡Zv †QvUM‡íiI Avw` Drmf~wg BD‡ivc| BD‡ivcxq mgv‡R cÖengvb
iƒcK_v, †jvKMv_v ev †ivgvÝKvwnbx hv wQj gvby‡li g‡bviÄ‡bi Ab¨Zg gva¨g BZvjxq
†i‡bmuv‡mi ci iƒcv‰‭wiZ nq bZzb †PZbvq, be-cÖwZbe wRÁvmvq| †ev°vw‪PI, Pmvi,
i¨ve‡j, mvifv‡‱U‡mi mvg~wnK mvabvq ax‡i ax‡i M‡o DVj †QvUM‡íi AZ¨vek¨Kxq Dcv`vb
Kvwnbx-PwiÎ-cøU Avi mvejxj msjvcixwZ|1 e¯‧Z, GuivB AvaywbK †QvUM‡íi cÖZ′-Dr‡mi
25
RbwqZv; Gu‡ì mvabvi miwY a‡iB Ebwesk kZvãx‡Z µ‡g Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Qb wek¦vmvwn‡Zï
cÖavb †QvUMvwíKiv|
Ebwesk kZvãxi wØZxqv‡a© d«vÝ-ivwkqv-Bsj¨vÛ-Av‡gwiKvq †QvUM‡íi †h wkwíZ
weKvk N‡U‡Q, Zvi cÖfve c‡o‡Q c„w_exi wewfb′ †`‡k, fviZe‡l©I| cvðvZ¨ †i‡bmuv‡mi
†cÖiYvq Ebwesk kZvãx‡Z evsjvq msNwUZ n‡qwQj mxgve× beRvMiY| beRvMi‡Yi d‡j
wkí-mvwnZ¨-ag©PP©v me©Î GKUv wecyj cwieZ©b cwijw¶Z nq| bZzb bZzb wkí-Avw½‡K c~Y©
n‡Z _v‡K evsjv mvwn‡Zï A½b| cÂvk-lv‡Ui `k‡KB bvUK-cÖnmb-gnvKve¨-MxwZKweZv-
Dcb¨vm iwPZ n‡jI †QvUM‡íi Avwef©ve wejw¤^Z n‡qwQj kZvãxi †kl `kK Aewa| Dwbk
kZ‡Ki be″B‡qi `k‡KB, cÖK…Z A‡_©, evsjv †QvUM‡íi hvÎv ïi , Ges †jLvB evûj¨,
iex‱`ªbv_ VvKzi (1861-1941) n‡‪Qb †m-hvÎvi cw_K…r|
`yB.
KjKvZv‡Kw‱`ªK wn‱`y ga¨weË‡kªYxi weKvk N‡U Dwbk kZ‡Ki cÖvi‡¤¢, kZvãxi wØZxqv‡a©
beRvMÖZ GB ga¨‡kªYxi mvabv‡ZB m~wPZ nq evsjv †QvUM‡íi mgy`ªm¤¢e ewY©j-hvÎv| Av_©-
mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK Kvi‡Y c~e©e‡½i gymwjg ga¨weË‡kªYxi weKvk n‡q‡Q kZel© wejw¤^Z|
wesk kZvãxi Z…Zxq `k‡K cÖwZwôZ XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq (1921) c~e©e‡½i gymwjg
ga¨weË‡kªYxi weKv‡k iv‡L HwZnvwmK Ae`vb| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq Ges c~e©evsjvi wewfb′
wk¶v cÖwZôvb †_‡K DËxY© be¨-wkw¶‡Zi mgev‡q wesk kZvãxi Z…Zxq `kK †_‡KB
µgweKwkZ nw‪Qj XvKv kni‡Kw‱`ªK bZzb ga¨weË‡kªYx| c~e©evsjvi beRvMÖZ GB
ga¨weË‡kªYxi †PZbvm′vZ K‡qKRb wkíxi mvabvq iwPZ n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMímvwn‡Zï
cÖv_wgK wfwË|
XvKv kni‡Kw‱`ªK bZzb ga¨weË‡kªYx gg©g‡~ j mvg¯‭-g~j¨‡eva aviY K‡iI ey‡R©vqv
mgvRmsMV‡bi wP‰‭v-†PZbv, D`vi gvbeZv‡eva Ges hyw³ev‡` AvK…ó n‡q 1926 mv‡j MVb
Kij Ôgymwjg mvwnZ¨ mgvRÕ| Aciw`‡K gvK©mev‡` wek¦vmx A_P ey‡R©vqv gvbeZvev‡` cÖZ¨qx
†jLK I wkíx‡ì gvbmf~wg‡Z c~e©e½ Dß K‡i‡Q ¯^vZ‡‰¿ï exR; Ges GuivB ¯^vZ‰¿¨vwfjvlx
c~e©evsjvi wkw¶Z Rb‡Mvôx‡K AvaywbK Rxeb‡PZbvq A‡bKvs‡k DØy× K‡i‡Qb|
cÖvK&-mvZPwjøk c‡e© c~e©e‡½i †QvUMvwíK-†PZbvcyÄ cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q `ywU wfb′ †mªv‡Z|
GKwU †mªv‡Zi Dr‡m wQ‡jb mvg‰‭ g~j¨‡ev‡a wek¦vmx MíKviiv; Ab¨wU m„wó n‡q‡Q D`vi
ey‡R©vqv gvbeZvev‡` cÖZ¨qx K_v‡Kvwe‡ì mvabvq| cÖ_g †mªvZwU wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb gyn¤§`
gbmyiDÏxb (1904-1986), e‡‱` Avjx wgqv (1908-1979) cÖgLy ; Avi wØZxqwU Aveyj
gbmyi Avng` (1898-1979), Aveyj dRj (1903-1983), Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyÏxb
(1897-1979), Avey i k` (1919-), wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi (1919-1975), †mv‡gb P‱`
(1920-1942), •mq` IqvjxDjøvn& (1922-1971), kIKZ Imgvb (1917-1998), Avey
Rvdi kvgmywÏb (1911-1988), kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjvg (1926-1997) cÖgLy | G cÖm‡½
ejv cÖ‡qvRb †h, Amg mgvRweKv‡ki Kvi‡Y wek kZ‡Ki m~PbvKvj †_‡K Pwjø‡ki `kK
ch©‰‭ gymwjg ga¨weË‡kªYxi gvbm‡jv‡K ey‡R©vqv fveavivi f~wgKv wQj cÖMwZkxj Ges
mZ¨¯úk©x|2
gyn¤§` gbmyiDÏxb wKsev e‡‱` Avjx wgqvi Mí wkíg~‡j¨ mg„× bq, wK‰‧ c~e©evsjvi
Mímvwn‡Zï weKvk avivq Zuv‡ì cÖqvm HwZnvwmK Kvi‡Y D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Zuv‡ì M‡í
26
c~e©evsjvi gymwjg mgv‡Ri ag©vwkªZ ms¯‥viwm′» cÖ_vPj RxebcÖZ¨q iƒcvwqZ n‡q‡Q mij
cø‡Ui Avkª‡q, mvejxj fvlvq| mvg‰‭ g~j¨‡ev‡ai cÖwZ cÖej Avmw³ Ges DwbkkZKx
RxebaviYv Zuv‡ì Mímvwn‡Zï mvaviY •ewkó¨| G cÖ‡m½ ¯§iY Kiv hvq gyn¤§`
gbmyiDÏx‡bi av‡bi gÄix (1932), wkiYx (1933), cqjv RyjvB (1934), wk‡ivcv
(1937); Ges e‡‱` Avjx wgqvi †gNKzgvix (1936), g„Mcix (1934), nwiY (1939),
Ai‡Yï wefxwlKv (1945) cÖf„wZ †QvUMí-m¼j‡bi bvg|
cÖvK-mvZPwjøk c‡e©B evsjv K_vmvwn‡Zï avivq Aveyj dR‡ji `xcÖ Avwef©ve|
hy‡×vËi wech©q, K‡jøvjxq fv‡ev‪Q¡vm I g‡bvwe‡kølY, Ges gymwjgmgv‡Ri ms¯‥viv‪Qb′Zv-
¯^c′PvwiZv wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q Aveyj dR‡ji MíRMr| K‡jøvj-KvwjKjg-cÖMwZ-i
mvwnZävivq †h gbbF× bvMwiK †PZbvi D‡Øvab, gymwjg K_vmvwnwZ¨K‡ì g‡a¨ Aveyj
dR‡ji iPbv‡ZB Zvi cÖ_g D ¢vmb| cÖMwZkxj mgvR‡PZbv, gymwjg ga¨we‡Ëi †ivgvw‱UK
¯^c′PvwiZv, Ges Amv¤cÖ`vwqK Rxeb-†PZbv Aveyj dR‡ji wkíxgvb‡mi †g․j •ewkó¨, Ges
¯^vfvweKfv‡eB G me cÖeYZvi cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q Zuvi †QvUM‡í| g‡bvMn‡bi RwUjZv
D‡b¥vP‡b Aveyj dRj D‡jøL‡hvM¨ •bcy‡Yï cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi ¯ cwZ
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi wbg©g nZ¨vKv‡Êi cUf~wg‡Z †jLv Ôg„‡Zi AvZ¥nZ¨vÕ, ÔwbnZ
NygÕ, ÔBwZnv‡mi KÉ¯îÕ, ÔKvb′vÕ cÖf„wZ Mí Aveyj dR‡ji cÖMwZkxj mgvRfvebv I
BwZnvm‡ev‡ai cwiPqevnx| Ôeyw×i gyw³Õ Av‡‱`vj‡bi •mwbK Aveyj dR‡ji †QvUM‡í D`vi
gvbeZvev`x †PZbv, ms¯‥vigy³ `„wófw½ Ges cwikxwjZ gb‡bi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| M‡íi
mvsMVwbK-cwiPh©vq Aveyj dRj †Zgb g‡bv‡hvMx bb; †QvUMvwíK msnwZi Afv‡e Zuvi
A‡bK MíB AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb •kwíK wmw×|
e¨½ I we`ªƒcvZ¥K Mí iPbvq Aveyj gbmyi Avng‡ì K…wZZ¡ mwe‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
ivR‣bwZK e¨½iPbvq wZwb wm×n¯‭| mgv‡Ri bvbv †`vl-Î wU I Am½wZ wZwb e¨‡½i Avei‡Y
D‡b¥vPb K‡ib| fÊ avwg©K, Amr ivRbxwZwe` Ges KcU mgvR‡me‡Ki eûgvwÎK iƒc Avgiv
cÖZ¨¶ Kwi Aveyj gbmyi Avng‡ì †QvUM‡í|3 mvejxj fvlv, PwiÎvbyM msjvc Ges mij cøU
Aveyj gbmyi Avng‡ì M‡íi RbwcÖqZvi g~j KviY| Avqbv (1935), dzW Kbdv‡iÝ
(1950) cÖf„wZ MÖ‡‰  Aveyj gbmyi Avng` mgv‡Ri bvbv Am½wZ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Ges GKB
m‡½ cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb gvbweK A‰‭tm½wZi D‡Øvab|
gymwjg ga¨we‡Ëi ms¯‥vi‡PZbv I wP‡Ëi cÖeÂbv, bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi AvZ¥Møvwb I
Rxeb‡ev‡ai `xbZv, Ges †`kwefv‡Mi Av‡eM-D‪Q¡vm-D‡Ø‡M wm³ Avey i k‡ì Mífyeb|
†`kwefv‡Mi c~e©eZ©x-cieZ©x mvgvwRK m¼U wb‡q Mí-Dcb¨vm iPbvq wZwb AwZ-Drmvnx,
wK‰‧ †m-Drmvn BwZnvm‡PZbv I m¤cÖ`vq-wbi‡c¶Zvi Afv‡e cÖvqB gvbei‡m n‡Z cv‡iwb
RvwiZ| ga¨weËRxe‡bi bvbv Am½wZ I A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zv Avey i k‡ì wcÖq welq| kvox evox
Mvox (1963) Ges g‡n›`ª wgóvbœ fvÊvi (1974) MíMÖ‡‰  bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi wPËcÖeÂbv
Am½wZ Ges Ab‰^q wkwíZ fv‡l¨ iƒcjvf K‡i‡Q| wefvM-c~e©Kv‡j iwPZ ivRavbx‡Z So
(1938) MíMÖ‡‰  †ivgvw‱UK Rxeb‡PZbvi †h cÖKvk N‡UwQj, cieZ©xKv‡ji M‡í †m-RMr
†Q‡o Avey i k` gym y wjg ga¨we‡Ëi ev¯‭eRxe‡b K‡i‡Qb wePiY| †QvUMvwíK msnwZ Ges
bvwU¨K e¨Äbvq Avey i k‡ì Mí wewkó|
`w¶Y evsjvi MwieÑwbg′weË gvby‡li cÖvZ¨wnK RxebmsMÖvg wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q
kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjv‡gi MímvwnZ¨| hy‡×vËi-c‡U gvby‡li A‰‭nxb `y‡f©vM-wb‡e©‡ì Míiƒc
27
m„R‡bI wZwb †i‡L‡Qb K…wZ‡Z¡i ¯^v¶i| Ôc_ Rvbv bvBÕ, Ô`yB ü`‡qi †XDÕ, ÔA‡bK
w`‡bi AvkvÕ, Ôi‡³i ¯^v`Õ cÖf„wZ Mí Zuvi cÖLi mgvR‡ev‡ai cwiPvqK| weªwUk kvmbvg‡j
wn‱`y-gymjgvb `v½vi c‡U †jLv Mí-Dcb¨v‡mi g‡a¨ Ôi‡³i ¯^v`Õ `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i wewkóZv|
ewikv‡ji Dcfvlv kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjv‡gi †QvUM‡í AR©b K‡i‡Q wkwíZ jveY¨| Zuvi
AwaKvsk M‡í eëüZ n‡q‡Q ewikv‡ji AvÂwjK fvlv|
†mv‡gb P‡‱ì Mí evsjv †QvUM‡íi avivq ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Q bZzb gvÎv| evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ mgvRev`x wP‰‭vi wkíiƒc wbg©v‡Y wZwb cvjb K‡i‡Qb cw_K…‡Zi f~wgKv| wbib′
†L‡U-LvIqv gvby‡li cÖvZ¨wnK Rxebh‰¿Yvi Qwe dz‡U D‡V‡Q Zuvi †QvUM‡í| †mv‡gb P‡‱ì
M‡í gvby‡li gyw³Kvgbv D‪PvwiZ n‡q‡Q, a″wbZ n‡q‡Q gvbevZ¥vi weRqMv_v| ivRbxwZ-
m‡PZbZvq Ges mgvRKvVv‡gv cwieZ©‡bi evmbvq †mv‡g‡bi Mí wewkó I
e¨wZµgag©wPwýZ| G cÖm‡½ Zuvi Ôeb¯úwZÕ, ÔGKwU ivZÕ, ÔBu`yiÕ, Ôm‡¼ZÕ cÖf„wZ Mí ¯§iY
Kiv hvq|
Dcb¨v‡mi g‡Zv, †QvUM‡íI •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&Õi wkí‣bcyY¨ GKK, AbwZµv‰‭ Ges
cÖvwZw¯^KZvwPwýZ| wkí‡eva I Rxeb‡PZbvi cÖ‡k′ c~e©vci mZK©, mcÖwZf Ges wek¦we¯‭vix
•mq` IqvjxDjøvn&Õi Mímg~n evsjv mvwn‡Zï avivq ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Q ¯^Kxq gvÎv| hy‡×vËi
webvkx cÖwZ‡e‡k evm K‡iI gvbexq Aw¯‭‡Z¡i K¬vw‰‭nxb mvabvq wZwb wQ‡jb w¯ ZcÖvÁ|
wbiw¯‭‡Z¡i k~b¨Zvq dzwi‡q hvIqv Rxeb bq, AÜKvi †f‡O †f‡O Aw¯‭‡Z¡i `vwqZ¡kxj
¯^vaxb mËvq DËxY© nIqvB Zuvi †QvUM‡íi †g․j •ewkó¨| M‡íi welq wbe©vP‡b •mq`
IqvjxDjøvn& wQ‡jb evsjv‡`‡ki RbRxebm¤ú„³, wK‰‧ e³e¨ I cÖKi‡Y me©Rbxb,
wek¦cÖmvwiZ, ¯^wbô Ges cix¶vwcÖq| †PZbv I Avw½‡K •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&Õi Mímg~n †hb Zuvi
cwie¨vc¨gvb Rxeb‡ev‡ai Abywek¦| gvby‡li Aw¯‭Z¡-Afxáv, •btm½¨, fq-Aby‡kvPbv cÖf„wZ
Zuvi M‡íi DcRxe¨|4
•mq` IqvjxDjøvn&Õi AwaKvsk MíB gb¯‭Ë¡ag©x I g‡bvgq| mgv‡Ri ewne©v¯‭eZvi
†P‡q gvbeRxe‡bi A‰‭e©v¯‭eZvi RM‡Z wePiY Ki‡Z wZwb AwaK Drmvnx| Zuvi M‡í cÖvavb¨
†c‡q‡Q gvby‡li A‰‭Rx© e‡bi BwZK_v, nvw`©K AM′y¨rcvZ| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxYRxeb wW‡UBjm
wb‡q Zuvi m„wó‡Z D ¢vwmZ n‡q‡Q KL‡bv KL‡bv, †hgb ÔbqbPvivÕ| cÂv‡ki g‰^‰ ‭i I wØZxq
wek¦h‡y ×i cUf~wg‡Z †jLv GB M‡í gq~iv¶xi ¯§„wZgq Rbc` D‡b¥vwPZ †hb| MÖvgxYRxe‡bi
bvbv Kzms¯‥vi, ag©xq AÜZv Ges ag©Rxex‡ì fÊvwg IqvjxDjøvn&Õi M‡íi GKwU eû-eëüZ
welq| ÔbqbPvivÕ, Ôg„Zz¨hvÎxÕ, ÔLybxÕ, Ô`yB ZxiÕ, ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnbxÕ, ÔcvMwoÕ,
Ômxgvnxb GK wb‡g‡lÕ cÖf„wZ M‡í IqvjxDjøvn&Õi †QvUMvwíK cÖwZfvi Dchy©³ •ewkó¨mg~n
mycwiùzU| Zuvi Mí cÖvKiwYK •ewk‡ó¨ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ¯^Z‰¿ wbg©vY| IqvjxDjøvn&Õi M‡íi
fvlv welqvbyM, wPÎvZ¥K, Mx‡Zvgq Ges Aj¼vimg„×| ÔwP‰‭vkxj wPÎ‡mªvZ, Ae‡PZbvi
fM′µgcÖevnÕ IqvjxDjøvn&Õi M`¨‣kjxi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨| †hgb Z‡e GLv‡b gvby‡li cv‡qi
AvIqvR nq| Avi GLv‡b kni| g‰ iMwZ‡Z Pjv GK‡Rvov cv‡qi AvIqvR Ny‡i Avm‡Q Mwj
w`‡q, Ges b`xi g‡Zv cÖk¯‭ G-iv¯‭vq †m hLb G‡jv ZLb Avgy wew¯§Z n‡q †`L‡jv †h
†jvKwUi g‡a¨ kqZv‡bi †PvL R¡j‡Q, Avi †m-†PvL nxbZvq ¶z`ªZg I †µv‡a i³eY©|
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nq‡Zv-ev †mUv kqZv‡bi †PvL bq nq‡Zv ïaygvÎ GKUv wewo| Zvn‡j A`„k¨-cÖvq Kv‡jv
kqZv‡bi nv‡Z wewo, †hUv `yj‡Q †Kej Zvi nv‡Zi †`vjvi mv‡_| kqZvb‡K †`‡L we¯§q
jv‡M, we¯§‡q †PvL wVK‡i hvq, Nb AÜKv‡i Zv‡Z Av¸b I‡V R¡‡j|
[bqbPviv/bqbPviv]
wefvMc~e© Kv‡j †QvUMvwíK wn‡m‡e Avwe©f~Z n‡jI kIKZ Imgv‡bi cÖ_g Mím¼jb
cÖKvwkZ nq cÂv‡ki `k‡K| Pwjø‡ki `kK †_‡K be″B‡qi `kK ch©‰ ‭ evsjv‡`‡ki
mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK-A_©‣bwZK-ag©xq Aven Zuvi M‡í eûgvwÎK e¨Äbvq n‡q Av‡Q ew‱`|
cÖ_g w`‡K gymwjg ga¨weË-wbg′weË RxebcÖv½Y †_‡K Pqb K‡i‡Qb wZwb M‡íi Dcv`vb| G
c‡e© †ivgvw‱UKZv ØvivI cÖfvweZ wQj Zuvi M‡íi Pwi‡Îiv| wK‰‧ lv‡Ui `kK †_‡K Zuvi M‡í
mvaviY gvbyl, we‡kl K‡i †gvjøv-†g․jwf-cvw`ª‡ì ag©eëmv Avm‡Z _v‡K e¨vcKfv‡e|
e¨Äbvag©x iƒcK I cÖZx‡Ki Avkª‡q kIKZ Imgvb cÖvqB cÖKvk K‡ib Zuvi cÖMwZkxj
wP‰‭v‡mªvZ, Ges †m wP‰‭v‡mªv‡Z wm³ n‡q I‡V Zuvi cyi ‡liv, Zuvi bvixiv| m`_©K‡PZbvq
DËxY© n‡q Zuvi M‡íi bvq‡Kiv cÖvqB gvbweK gwngvq RvMÖZ nq, †bwZ Avi bvw¯‭i RM‡Z evm
K‡iI Zviv BwZevPK Rxeb‡ev‡a D¾xweZ n‡q †NvlYv K‡i gvbweKZviB RqMvb|
gyw³hy‡×vËi Kv‡j iwPZ Zuvi M‡í G‡m‡Q bZzb gvÎv| gyw³hy‡×i bvbv Abyl½ Ges hy‡×vËi
mgvRev¯‭eZv G mgq A½xf~Z nq Zuvi †QvUM‡í| Rb¥ hw` Ze e‡½ (1975), gwbe I Zvnvi
KzKzi (1986), Ck¦‡ii cÖwZØ›Øx (1990) cÖf„wZ MíMÖ‡‰  kIKZ Imgvb evsjv‡`‡ki hy‡×vËi
mgvRev¯‭eZv •bcy‡Yï m‡½ K‡i‡Qb D‡b¥vPb| Avw½K-wbix¶v, PwiÎvbyM fvlv-cÖ‡qvM Ges
e¨Äbvag©x iƒcK-cÖZxK eënvi kIKZ Imgv‡bi M‡íi Ab¨Zg mvsMVwbK •ewkó¨|
welqvs‡ki m‡½ cÖKi‡Yi wkwíZ m¤ú‡K© kIKZ Imgv‡bi Mí evsjv mvwn‡Zï avivq
wewkóZvi cwiPqevnx|
wefvMc~e© Kv‡jB MíKvi wn‡m‡e Avey Rvdi kvgmywÏ‡bi `xcÖ Avwef©ve|
mgvRm‡PZbZv, ms¯‥vigy³ RxebcÖZ¨q Ges D`vi gvbeZvev`x `„wófw½ Avey Rvdi
kvgmywÏ‡bi Rxebv‡_©i †g․j PvwiÎ¨| Zuvi †QvUMí IBme gvbmZvi •kwíK A½xKv‡i AR©b
K‡i‡Q wewkóZv| cÖ_g w`‡Ki M‡í wZwb MÖvgxYRxe‡bi •`bw‱`bZv‡K wbe©vPb K‡i‡Qb cÖavb
wkí-Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e| Rxeb (1948), †kl ivwÎi Zviv (1961) cÖf„wZ m¼j‡b cjøxevsjvi
Rxeb I cÖK…wZ n‡q Av‡Q D ¢vwmZ| †kl c‡e©i M‡í bvMwiK ga¨weË-wbg′weË gvby‡li wPÎ
G‡m‡Q, Z‡e KL‡bvB wbe©vwmZ nqwb cjøxRxeb| Zuvi M‡í D‪PvwiZ n‡q‡Q ag©vÜZv Kzms¯‥vi
I mvgvwRK •elg¨ Avi Am½wZ‡K KL‡bv KL‡bv Zxeª we`ªƒcev‡YI wZwb we¶Z K‡i‡Qb,
mgv‡R-msmv‡i Kvgbv K‡i‡Qb cÖvw_©Z gyw³ I gvbweK A‰‭tm½wZ| Zuvi GB AvKv‫¶‫‬v Ôg„Zz¨
I cÖjvcÕ M‡íi mv‡e‡ii gy‡L D‪PvwiZ †hb
Avgvi gZ A‰‭Zt M‡o wekUv K‡i wkï cÖ‡Z¨‡K Rb¥ w`‡j AvMvgx c‡bi erm‡ii
g‡a¨B †mB †h e‡jwQ msNl©Uvi K_v Zv jvM‡Z cv‡i Ges Zvn‡j GB AwZ DuPz bxPz
†fÙv †`k †_‡K wbwðý n‡Z cv‡i Z?
29
welqvsk I NUbvweb¨v‡mi cÖwZ Avey Rvdi kvgmywÏb g‡bv‡hvMx wkíx wK‰‧ cÖKiYwbix¶vq
Zuvi †mB g‡bv‡hvM ev mZK©Zv `yj©¶| cÖ_vkvwmZ c‡_B wZwb M‡íi Avw½K web¨vm K‡i‡Qb,
bZzb wbix¶vq nbwb AMÖmi| Avw½KMZ cix¶vq Zuvi mvgvb¨ cÖqvmUzKzI n‡Z cv‡iwb
mv_©KZvwegwÊZ|
gybxi †P․ayix †ek wKQy mv_©K Mí iPbv Ki‡jI, Zuvi †Kv‡bv MíMÖ‰  cÖKvwkZ nqwb|
bvU‡Ki g‡Zv, †QvUM‡íI gybxi †P․ayixi cÖvwZw¯^KZv mn‡RB j¶‡hvM¨| cÖMwZkxj
mgvR‡PZbv Ges †K․Zz‡Ki Avkª‡q mvgvwRK Am½wZi wPÎiƒcvqYB gybxi †P․ayixi M‡íi
cÖavb •ewkó¨| G cÖm‡½ Zuvi ÔLogÕ, Ôgvby‡li Rb¨Õ, ÔbM′ cvÕ, Ôevev †dKzÕ cÖf„wZ Mí
¯§iYxq|
Av‡jvP¨ c‡e©B MíKvi wn‡m‡e Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyÏxb Ges wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvd‡ii
Avwef©ve| †`kwefv‡Mi c~‡e©B cÖKvwkZ nq Df‡qi cÖ_g MíMÖ‰ | Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyÏx‡bi
wÎ‡mªvZv (1944) Ges wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvd‡ii gvwU Avi AkÖ‚ (1946) ga¨weË-wbg′weË
gvby‡li cÖvZ¨wnK RxebPP©vi Mífvl¨| cieZ©xKv‡j Guiv †KDB Avi †QvUMí iPbv K‡ibwb,
†hgb K‡ibwb gybxi †P․ayix|
wefvM-c~e©eZ©xKv‡j evsjv †QvUM‡íi Avm‡i †h me †jLK Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Qb, Zuv‡ì
AwaKvskB M‡íi wkí-Dcv`vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb MÖvgxY Rxeb †_‡K| G †¶‡Î Aveyj dRj, Avey
i k` cÖgLy e¨wZµg; Gu‡ì ¯^vfvweK cÖeYZv bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi RxebRwUjZv D‡b¥vPb| G
c‡e© M‡íi Avw½Kwbix¶v I fvlv eënv‡i •mq` IqvjxDjøvn& Ges gybxi †P․ayixi e¨wZµgx
cÖqvm mn‡RB j¶Yxq| Ab¨ †jLKiv Avw½‡Ki cÖwZ ZZUv bRi †`bwb, hZUv w`‡q‡Qb NUbv
I Pwi‡Îi cÖwZ| D`vi gvbeZvev`x wkíx‡ì mvabvq evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí A¼z‡iB A½xKvi
K‡iwQj †h cÖMwZkxj mgvRfvebv I gy³ †PZbv‡mªvZ, Aa©kZvãxi eëavb †cwi‡q AvR †m
cÖeYZvB Avgv‡ì †QvUM‡íi cÖavb cwiPq| evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi avivq wefvMc~e© Kv‡ji
†QvUMvwíK‡ì GB cÖfveB, †eva Kwi, me‡P‡q eo j¶Yxq •ewkó¨|
cÖvK&-mvZPwjøk Kvjc‡e© evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi GB F× DËivwaKv‡ii DciB wbwg©Z
nq cÂvk-lvU-mË‡ii Mífyeb| cÖvK&-mvZPwjøk ce© wn‡m‡e †h KvjLÊ GLv‡b wb‡`©wkZ, †m-
Kv‡j huviv Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Qb, Zuv‡ì mK‡jiB wmw× N‡U wefvM-cieZ©x Kv‡j| wK‰‧ j¶
Ki‡jB aiv co‡e, GB Av‡jvPbvq, BwZnv‡mi aviv Abymi‡Y Avgiv MíKvi wn‡m‡e
†jLK‡ì Avwef©ve-mgq‡K me©`v we‡ePbv K‡iwQ| e‡qvµg wKsev cÎ-cwÎKvq Mí cÖKv‡ki
ZvwiL bq, Avgiv cÖvavb¨ w`‡qwQ †jL‡Ki cÖ_g MíMÖ‰  cÖKvk-Zvwi‡Li cÖwZ| †m wn‡m‡e
mgqµ‡g we‡kl †Kv‡bv †jL‡Ki Avwef©ve †h c‡e©, †m c‡e©i c‡UB Avgiv we‡ePbv K‡iwQ
we‡kl IB MíKv‡ii mgy`q m„wó|
wZb.
mvgªvRëv`x weªwU‡ki loh‡‰¿ 1947 wLª÷v‡ã cÖwZwôZ ÔcvwK¯‭vbÕ bvgK K…wÎg iv‡óªi k„‫‫‬L‡j
c~e©e‡½i DVwZ ga¨weË †kªwYi AMÖhvÎv nj evavcÖvß| cvwK¯‭vb m„wói cÖvq m‡½ m‡½B
c~e©evsjvi DVwZ cyuwRev`x †Mvôx Ges beRvMÖZ ga¨weË †kªwY Abyfe Kij Zv‡ì Zv‡ì
Aw¯‭‡Z¡i A‰‭m©sKU| cvwK¯‭vwb e„nr cyuwRi Avw_©K ¯^v‡_©B c~e©evsjv iƒcv‰‭wiZ nj Avav-
Jcwb‡ewkK Avav-mvg‰‭ev`x GKUv A_©‣bwZK AÂj wn‡m‡e| BwZnv‡mi ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g
mgvRweKv‡ki GB cÖwZeÜKZv wkíxi •PZb¨‡K Awbevh©fv‡e cÖfvweZ Kij| djZ ey‡R©vqv
30
gvbeZvev‡` cÖZ¨qx wkíxi gvbm‡jv‡K Dß nj m¼‡Ui exR| Avav-Jcwb‡ewkK Avav-mvg‰‭
Zvw‰¿K cvwK¯‭vb iv‡óªi wei ‡× gvZ…fvlv‡K †K‱`ª K‡i c~e©evsjvi cÖMwZkxj bZzb ga¨weË
†kªwYi cÖ_g cÖwZev` D‪PvwiZ nj 1948 mv‡j| 1952 mv‡j msNwUZ nj BwZnvm-m„wóKvix
fvlv-Av‡‱`vjb| Avgv‡ì ivRbxwZ Ges mgvR-ms¯‥…wZi A‰‭f©ey ‡b fvlv-Av‡‱`vjb mÂvi
Kij ¯^vwaKvi-cÖZ¨vkx •PZb¨| evqvb′Õi iw³g cÖwZev` c~e©evsjvi Rbg‡b †hgb †Zv‡j Ewg©j
Av‡jvob; †Zgwb mvg‰‭-g~j¨‡evawm³ ga¨weË †kªwYi my`„p cjj wfZI K‡i †Zv‡j wkw_j|
gvbeZvev`x MYZvw‰¿K Ges gvK©mxq †PZbvcyó kw³mg~n c~e©evsjvi mgvRRxe‡bi cÖvq mKj
¯‭‡i AwZ`ª Z cÖfve we¯‭vi Ki‡Z _v‡K hvi d‡j 1954-i mvaviY wbe©vP‡b †ewbqv-cyuwR I
mvg‰‭kw³i aviK gymwjg jxM, mKj cÖqvm m‡Ë¡I, civwRZ nq; Ges cÖMwZkxj kw³
hy³d«‱U AR©b K‡i wecyj weRq| AZtci 1958-i AvM÷ ch©‰‭ †K‱`ªxq miKv‡ii
cÖvmv`-loh‡‰¿i dj¯îƒc evi evi gw‰¿mfvi cZb myMg K‡i †`q cvwK¯‭vwb mvgwiK Rv‰‭vi
¶gZv `L‡ji c_|
1947 †_‡K 1958 wLª÷v‡ã †Rbv‡ij AvBqye Lv‡bi mvgwiK kvmb cÖeZ©b-c~e© Kvj-
cwimi G‡`‡ki mgvR-ivRbxwZ-ms¯‥…wZi BwZnv‡m GKwU we‡kl ch©vq| ZvB Av‡jvP¨
mgqmxgvq iwPZ †QvUMímg~n Avgiv evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMímvwn‡Zï cÖ_g ce© wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv
Kie| mg‡qi GB ce©-wefvRb †gv‡UB †¯^‪QvPvix wm×v‰‭ bq; mvZPwjø‡kvËi c~e©evsjvi Av_©-
mvgvwRK-ivwóªK web¨v‡mi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z G wefvRb Aek¨B mgvRmZ¨-m¤§Z|
wefv‡MvËi Kv‡j cÖ_g `k‡K †QvUMí iPbvq huviv eªZx nb, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ mi`vi
R‡qbDÏxb (1918-1986), wgiRv Ave`yj nvB (1919-1984), kv‡n` Avix (1925-), Avey
BmnvK (1926-2001) Avkivd wmwÏKx (1927-), wgb′vZ Avjx (1927-2002), knx`
mv‡ei (1930-1971), Ave`yj Mvddvi †P․ayix (1931-), AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` (1932-),
nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb| (1932-1983), Rwni ivqnvb (1933-1972), •mq` kvgmyj nK
(1935-), †evinvbDÏxb Lvb Rvnv½xi (1936-), Aveyj Kvjvg gbRyi †gvi‡k` (1938-)
cÖgLy wkíxi Ae`vb D‡jøL‡hvM¨| 1948 †_‡K 1957, mg‡qi G c‡e© weKwkZ †QvUMímg~n
cÖavbZ MÖvg‡Kw‱`ªK NUbvsk Avkªq K‡i wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| c~e©e‡½i cÖkvmwbK Kvh©µ‡gi †K‱`ª
n‡jI XvKv kn‡ii cÖK…Z bMivqY HwZnvwmK Kvi‡YB n‡q‡Q wejw¤^Z| djZ Avgv‡ì
wkímvwn‡ZÏ bvMwiK †PZbvi cÖwZdjb, Av‡jvP¨ c‡e©, cÖvq Abycw¯ Z| Zey Av‡jvP¨
KvjL‡Ê, †evinvbDÏxb Lvb Rvnv½xi cÖg‡y Li iPbvq wbg©xqgvb gnvbMi I Zvi Rxeb‣ewPÎ¨
D ¢vwmZ n‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i eûgvwÎK e¨Äbvq| cÂv‡ki MíKvi wn‡m‡e huviv mycwiwPZ, Zuv‡ì
cÖavb cÖeYZv mgv‡jvPK wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e
...Zuviv wQ‡jb cÖejfv‡e Rxebev`x I mgvRmsjM′| Zuv‡ì M‡íi wel‡q †hgb
†`kwefvM c~e©Kv‡ji RxebwPÎ iƒcvwqZ †Zgwb Av‡Q wefvM-cieZ©x Kv‡ji|
DØv¯‧mgm¨v, g‰^‰‭i, ¶zav, `vwi`ª¨, `v½v BZ¨vw` wb‡q Zuviv Mí wj‡L‡Qb, Z‡e cÖvavb¨
†c‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgRxeb| MÖv‡gi ev kn‡ii †h ai‡bi welq ZLbKvi
MíKv‡iiv Aej¤^b Ki b-bv †Kb, M‡í hvwcZ Rxe‡bi msKU I mgm¨vi Av‡jL¨B
Zuviv iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv wkíxi iPbvq †kªwYmsMÖvgI cÖgZ ~ © n‡q‡Q|5
mi`vi R‡qbDÏx‡bi M‡í cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q evsjvi MÖvgRxeb| BwZnvm-HwZ‡nï m‡½ msjM′
n‡q ¯^Kv‡ji mvgvwRK Am½wZ‡K wPwÎZ Ki‡Z wZwb ¯^v‪Q‱`¨ †eva K‡ib, ZvB Zuvi m„wó‡Z
31
BwZnvm‡eva I mgKvjwP‰‭vi hyMj‡mªvZ j¶Yxq| Zuvi M‡íi cÖavb DcRxe¨ hy× `v½v Am½wZ
I Amvg¨ Avi GB me weiƒcZv-•ebvwkKZv †_‡K gvbweK gyw³Kvgbv| mi`vi R‡qbDÏx‡bi
M`ïxwZ mij I wPËvKl©K, cøU RwUjZvgy³, Avi cwiPh©v g~jZ eY©bvag©x|
mË‡ii `k‡K cÖ_g MíMÖ‰  cÖKvwkZ n‡jI MíKvi wn‡m‡e wgiRv Ave`yj nvB-Gi
Avwef©ve cÂv‡ki `k‡K| mvgvwRK Am½wZ‡K e¨‡½i gva¨‡g Zz‡j ai‡Z wZwb wm×n¯‭|
mg¯‭ cÖwZK‚jZv I Am½wZ AwZµg K‡i Zuvi Pwi‡Îiv Aw‰‭‡g D ¢vwmZ nq gvbexq m¤¢vebvq,
DËxY© nq gvbweK cigv_©‡ev‡a| wgiRv Ave`yj nvB-Gi †QvUMvwíK-cwiPh©vi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨
g‡bvwe‡kølY I AvZ¥K_bixwZ| Zuvi M‡íi fvlv mvejxj, msnZ Ges †K․ZzK‡evawm³|
gvbeRxe‡bi gb¥qcÖv‰‭ wb‡q Mí iPbvq kv‡n` Avjxi Drmvn mgwaK|6 Kwe dii L
Avng` (1918-1974) wKsev Zvwjg †nv‡m‡bi (1918-1999) g‡Zv Bmjvwg g~j¨‡eva I
Rxeb`k©‡b Mfxi wek¦vm kv‡n` Avjxi wkíxgvb‡mi cÖavb •ewkó¨| ZvB Zuvi M‡í IB
gvbmcÖeYZvi my¯úó cÖfve c‡o‡Q| mvgvwRK •elg¨, K…lKRxe‡bi `yM©wZ, ag©Rxexi fÊvwg
Ges Bmjvwg g~j¨‡eva GBme welq I cÖeYZv wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q kv‡n` Avjxi Mífyeb|
hy‡×vËi c‡U Avwef~©Z n‡jI kv‡n` Avjxi M‡í AvaywbK Rxebh‰¿Yvi †Kv‡bv wPÎ iƒcvwqZ
nqwb| AvaywbK bMimf¨Zvi cwie‡Z© MÖvgxY MYRxe‡bi Avkv-AvKv‫¶‫‬v, Avb‱`-†e`bv, `ytL-
h‰¿YvB Zuv‡K Mfxifv‡e cÖvwYZ I cxwoZ K‡i‡Q| wkï gb¯‭‡Ë¡i Mí wn‡m‡e kv‡n` Avjxi
ÔwReivB‡ji WvbvÕ AR©b K‡i eûj cÖksmv| ÔwmZvivÕ, ÔgvÕ, ÔcyZzjÕ, ÔgnvKv‡ji cvLbvqÕ,
ÔGKB mgZ‡jÕ, ÔAZxZ iv‡Zi KvwnbxÕ cÖf„wZ Mí Zuvi †QvUMvwíK-cÖwZfvi ¯^v¶ievnx|
Kve¨gqZv, msnwZ Ges Aw‰‭g e¨Äbvm„wó‡Z kv‡n` Avjxi Mí wewkó|
Avey Bmnv‡Ki M‡í iƒcvwqZ n‡q‡Q MÖvgxY evsjvi wbg′weË gvby‡li myL-`ytL-nvwm-
Kvb′v-Avb‱`-†e`bv Avi Ø‱Ø-loh‰¿-msMÖv‡gi Kvwnbx| M‡íi kix‡i wZwb Gu‡K w`‡q‡Qb
MÖvgevsjvi mvgvwRK AbvPvi, A_©‣bwZK †kvlY Ges e¨w³K Am½wZi bvbvgvwÎK wPÎ|
BwZevPK Rxeb‡ev‡ai Av‡jvq Avey Bmnv‡Ki bvq‡Kiv mg¯‭ AÜZv Kzms¯‥vi Avi †kvl‡Yi
k„‫‫‬Lj †f‡O GKwU my‱ì mgvRcÖwZ‡ek wbg©v‡Y n‡q‡Q RvMÖZ| G cÖm‡½ Zuvi Ôe‡ùviYÕ,
Ô†RuvKÕ, ÔLyuwZÕ cÖf„wZ M‡íi K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq| †kªwYmsMÖv‡gi wkífvl¨ wn‡m‡e Ô†RuvKÕ Mí
Avey Bmnv‡Ki cÖMZ Rxeb‡ev‡ai cwiPqevnx| •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&Õi g‡Zv, Avey Bmnv‡Ki Mí
eY©bvcÖavb Ges cÖ_vkªqx, †mLv‡b †bB Avw½K-msMVb ev fvlv wb‡q mZK© †Kv‡bv cix¶v-
wbix¶vi Qvc|
Avkivd wmwÏKxi MíI cÖMZ Rxeb‡ev‡ai DËv‡c F×| Zuvi M‡íi DcRxe¨ welq
mvaviY gvby‡li myL-`ytL, nvwm-Kvb′v Avi e¨_© †cÖ‡gi gg©`vnx h‰¿Yv| Zuvi GKwU RbwcÖq
M‡íi bvg ÔMwji av‡i †Q‡jwUÕ| GKwU Abv_ evj‡Ki †eu‡P _vKvi †h Zxeª AvKzwZ G M‡í
iƒcvw‰^Z, e¯‧Z, †m-AvKzwZB Avkivd wmwÏKxi Mímvwn‡Zï †K‱`ªxq fvecwigÊj| Zuvi
M‡íi fvlv mij I mvejxj; cøU RwUjZvgy³ Ges Zv cÖavbZ, eY©bvZ¥K cwiPh©vq F×|
cjøxevsjvi †jvKvqZ Rxeb wb‡q Mí iPbvq wgb′vZ Avjx wmw×i cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi M‡í
ag©xq g~j¨‡eva Ges Ava¨vZ¥wek¦v‡mi my¯úó cÖfve c‡o‡Q| M‡íi e³e¨ cÖKv‡k wZwb hZUv
AvMÖnx, ZZUv AvMÖnx bb M‡íi cÖKiY-cwiPh©vq|
bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi Avkvev`, Am½wZ Avi wb‡e©` wb‡q Mí wj‡L‡Qb knx` mv‡ei|
AwfÁZvi mxgve×Zv Ges Abykxj‡bi Afv‡e Zuvi Mí¸‡jv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb •kwíK
mvdj¨| cÖZxKvkªqx †QvUMí iPbvq Zuvi wmw× mgwaK|
32
Ave`yj Mvddvi †P․ayixi Mímvwn‡Zï †K‱`ªxq welq bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi †cÖg-A‡cÖg,
Avb‱`-†e`bv Avi ¯^c′-msMÖvg| Z‡e, evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi †K‱`ªxq cÖeYZv MÖvgxYRxeb
msjM′Zv †_‡K Zuvi Mí G‡Kev‡i wehy³ bq| †QvUMvwíK msnwZ I GKgywLZv Zuvi M‡íi
Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨| †ivgvw‱UK gvbmcÖeYZvi cÖfv‡e Mvddvi †P․ayixi M‡í Avgiv j¶ Kwi
Kve¨gqZv I Av‡eMx cwiPh©vi AvwaK¨| Dcgv iƒcK Dr‡cÖ¶vq mg„× Mvddvi †P․ayixi Mí-
fvlv| BwZevPK Rxeb‡ev‡ai †Quvqvq Mvddvi †P․ayixi Mí wewkó I D¾¡j|
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMímvwnZ¨ huv‡ì mvabvq mg„× I Db′Z n‡q‡Q, n‡q‡Q cÖMZ I
wkwíZ, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` Zuv‡ì Ab¨Zg| AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì wkíxgvb‡mi
weKvk‡iLv ¯úóZB `y‡Uv fv‡M wef³ Kiv m¤¢e| 1958 mv‡j AvBqye Lv‡bi mvgwiK kvmb
Rvwii c~e© ch©‰‭ AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` wQ‡jb mgvRgb¯‥ †kªwYm‡PZb cÖMwZkxj K_vwkíx|
wK‰‧ lv‡Ui `kK †_‡K †kªwY‡PZbv I mgvRev¯‭eZvi cwie‡Z© gvby‡li Ae‡PZb AvKv‫¶‫‬v,
wjwe‡WvZvobv Ges KvwjK wb‡e©`B n‡q I‡V Zuvi gvbm`„wói †g․j-m~Î| Rxeb`„wói GB
cðvrMwZ AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì †QvUMí mvwn‡Zï †g․j-f~wg‡Z Dß K‡i‡Q GKUv e„nr
civfe I mxgvnxb Ae¶‡qi exR| lv‡Ui `k‡K AvRv‡ì c_ a‡iB evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK
K_vwkíx AMÖmi n‡jb g‡bvwe‡kølY, †h․bZv Avi fw½me©¯^Zvi ew¼g c‡_| A_P, gvwbK-
cÖfvweZ AvjvDÏxb Avj AvRv` MíiPbv m~Pbv K‡ib gvK©mxq †kªwYaviYvq myMfxi wek¦vm
†i‡L| mgv‡jvPK h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb‭
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì M‡í, cÖ_g w`‡K gvwb‡Ki D¾¡j ¯^v¶i Av‡Q| gvK©mev`x
`k©‡b wek¦vmx MíKvi AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` ZLb †ek KÕwU fv‡jv Mí wj‡L‡Qb|
Zuvi nv‡ZB cÖ_g kªwgK‡kªYx Ges †kªwYØ‡‱Øi mv_©K Mí iwPZ n‡q‡Q| †R‡M AvwQ
Zuvi cÖ_g MíMÖ‰ , G-RvZxq M‡íi ewjô msKjb| cieZ©x mg‡q wZwb Aek¨
kªwgK‡kªYx‡K wb‡q Mí wj‡L‡Qb| ÔhLb •mKZÕ MíMÖ‡‰ i Ô†auvqvÕ M‡í wm‡j‡Ui Pv-
evMv‡bi kªwgK‡ì Rxeb wPwÎZ K‡i‡Qb|7
cÖ_g c‡e©i M‡í AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì †`k-Kvj-†kªwYm‡PZb gvbmZvi my¯úó cÖKvk
j¶Yxq| †R‡M AvwQ (1950), avbKb¨v (1951), g„Mbvwf (1953) cÖf„wZ MÖ‡‰  †kªwY‡PZbvq
mRvM †_‡K wZwb wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb gvbeZvi Aciv‡Rq †M․ieMv_v| wK‰‧ wØZxq c‡e©i M‡í
gvK©mxq †kªwYaviYv †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡q wZwb Rxe‡bi A‰‭tAm½wZ mÜv‡b d«‡qWxq g‡bvweKjb
I †h․baviYvq AvK…ó n‡jb| Rxeb`„wói GB cðvrMwZ Zuvi M‡íi wkíwmw×‡KI K‡i‡Q ¶zY′|
g‡bvweKjb I g‡bvMn‡bi wkíiƒc wn‡m‡e Zuvi AÜKvi wmuwo (1958), DRvb Zi‡½
(1959), hLb •mKZ (1967), Rxeb Rwgb (1988) cÖfw„ Z m¼jbfy³ Mí¸‡jvi K_v Avgiv
D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvwi| AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` M‡íi mvsMVwbK •ewkó¨ Ges fvlv-eënv‡i
m‡PZb wkí`„wói ¯^v¶i †i‡L‡Qb| †QvUMvwíK msnwZ, bvUKxqZv Ges Kvwe¨K e¨Äbv Zuvi
†QvUM‡íi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨| msnwZ Ges Bw½ZgqZvq F× Zuvi M‡`ï GK D¾¡j GjvKv
ZLb mg¯‭ AvKv‡k †g‡N‡ì û‡ovûwo jy‡UvcywU †j‡M †M‡Q, g‱`ª-MR©‡b G‡Kev‡i
†Ku‡c †Ku‡c DV‡Q mviv c„w_ex| GKUvbv S‡oi Zxeª †e‡M wQb′ wfb′ n‡q hv‡‪Q
MvQcvjv, gË n‡q †h †hb †j‡M‡Q jyÉ‡bi D‪Q„‫‫‬Lj ZrciZvq| ¯^M©-gZ©¨-cvZvj
g‰ b K‡i †hb GK gnvcÖj‡qi D‪Q¡wmZ k‡ãi fqsKi-my‱ì ivwMYx|
Gfv‡e KZ¶Y So Pjj nq‡Zv †KD ej‡Z cvi‡e bv| evZvm hLb Kg‡Z jvMj,
ZLb AhyZ gy³vwe‱`yi g‡Zv bvgj e„wó| [e„wó]
33
KweZvi g‡Zv, Mí-wbg©v‡YI, nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb †i‡L‡Qb •kwíK wmw×i ¯^v¶i|
cÖMwZkxj mgvRwP‰‭v nvmvb nvwdRyi ingv‡bi wkíxgvb‡mi cÖavb •ewkó¨| GB •ewkó¨B Zuvi
M‡í G‡b‡Q cÖvwZw¯^K gvÎv| mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi h~cKv‡ô gvby‡li Ai‰‧` cwiYwZ Zuvi GKvwaK
M‡í wkíiƒc jvf K‡i‡Q| Av‡iv `ywU g„Zz¨ (1970) Mím¼j‡bi Mí¸‡jv mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi
welev®ú †_‡K gvbevZ¥vi †M․iegq RvMiY-AvKv‫¶‫‬vi •kwíK kãcÖwZgv wn‡m‡e wewkóZvi
¯^v¶ievnx| Kwei m„wó n‡jI Gme Mí †ivgvw‱UK Kve¨gqZv †_‡K me©vs‡k gy³|
mgvRZvw‰¿K `„wófw½‡Z Rxeb-ch©‡e¶Y Ges cÖvMÖmi mgv‡Ri Rb¨ D¾¡j Avkvev`B nvmvb
nvwdRyi ingv‡bi Mímvwn‡Zï †K‱`ªxq fvecwigÊj| Ô†h e¯‧ev`x wek¦ex¶v Zuvi KweZvi
¯^vZ‡‰¿ï cÖvYwe‱`y, †QvUM‡íi kix‡i I e³‡e¨ Zvi cÖ_g A¼z‡iv`&Mg|... mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v,
g‰^‰‭i, gnvgvix, kªgRxex gvby‡li RxebwPÎ, Rxe‡bi •`bw‱`bZv I A‰‭‡j©vK Ges m‡e©vcwi
gvby‡li RvMwZK I gvbwmK Ø‱Ø‣ewPÎ¨‡K M‡íi DcKiY wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb nvmvb
nvwdRyi ingvb|Õ8 M‡íi cÖKiY-cÖmva‡b nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb Lye †h mZK© wQ‡jb Ggb
K_v ejv hv‡e bv, Z‡e Zuvi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Mí mv‡¼wZKZv I iƒcKe¨Äbvq AR©b K‡i‡Q
wewkóZv|
bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi ¯^c′, msMÖvg Avi ü`qinm¨ wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q Rwni ivqnv‡bi
Mífyeb| Rwni ivqnv‡bi mgvRm‡PZb gvbmZv Ges e¯‧Zvw‰¿K Rxebv‡_©i my¯úó cÖfve
c‡o‡Q Zuvi †QvUM‡í| gvbeg‡bi MfxiZi inm¨‡jv‡K mÜvbx Av‡jv †dj‡Z wZwb wbqZ
Drmvnx wkíx| fvlv-eënvi Ges cÖKiY-cÖmva‡b Rwni ivqnvb cix¶vwcÖq K_vKvi| Zuvi
Mí-Avw½K wPÎbvUäg©x, msnZ Ges KweZvwm′»| Z‡e AwZbvUKxqZvi Kvi‡Y Ges DrKÉvi
Avwa‡K¨ KL‡bv KL‡bv Zuvi Mí AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡iwb •kwíK wmw×| Rxeb‡ev‡ai ¯^vZ‰¿¨
w`‡q, cÖvKiwYK cÖvwZw¯^KZv w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi avivq Rwni ivqnvb ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb
GKwU bZzb gvÎv|
g‡bvMn‡bi RwUjZv I Am½wZ D‡b¥vP‡b evsjv‡`‡ki Mímvwn‡Z¨ •mq` kvgmyj nK
AbwZµv‰‭ wkíx| cÖ_g c‡e© •mq` kvgmyj nK e„nËi RbRxe‡bi c‡U Mí wj‡L‡Qb, wK‰‧
wØZxq c‡e© gvbeRxe‡b A‰‭tAm½wZ I A‰‭te©v¯‭eZvi Míiƒc A¼‡bB n‡jb AwaK Drmvnx|
ÔZuvi M‡í Rxeb wfb′ myi †c‡q‡Q, M‡í †`Lv w`‡q‡Q cÖvY| †`‡ni KvVv‡gv Qvwo‡q M‡í cÖv‡Yi
mÂvi Ges ïaygvÎ M‡íi Rb¨ Mí GB aviYv †_‡K M‡íi gyw³, ...Zuvi nv‡ZB cÖ_g
mv_©Kfv‡e N‡U‡Q|Õ9 bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi gb¯‭vwË¡K RwUjZv, Am½wZ Avi wb‡e©` A¼‡bB
•mq` kvgmyj n‡Ki g‡bv‡hvM mgwaK| Gi evB‡i Rxe‡bi e„nËi cÖv½‡Y wZwb †dj‡Z Pvbwb
†Kv‡bv mÜvbx Av‡jv| Avgv‡ì mvgvwRK Ae¯ vi m‡½ Am½wZc~Y© bvMwiK RxebPh©v wb‡q Mí
wjL‡Z wM‡q, †eva Kwi cÖvqkB wZwb K…wÎgZvi Øvi¯  n‡q‡Qb| Gme M‡íi fvebv I Dcv`vb
Av‡ivwcZ, d‡j wkí-mv_©KZvq kxl©gLy -Awfmvix n‡qI Zv nVvr-öwjZ| ÔAvb‡‱ì g„Zz¨Õ,
ÔcivR‡qi ciÕ, ÔeÜzi m‡½ m‡ÜÕ, Ô†kl evmÕ cÖf„wZ M‡í G ai‡bi K…wÎgZv my¯úó|
•mq` kvgmyj n‡Ki M`ïxwZi cÖavb j¶ Kve¨gqZv| cÖZxK-Dcgv-Dr‡cÖ¶v
eënv‡i wZwb cvðvZ¨ ixwZcÖfvweZ cÖvMÖmi mvwnZ¨‡ev‡ai cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| welqvsk I
Dcv`v‡bi g‡Zv, cÖKiYMZ •ewkó¨mg~n, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv M‡í, g‡b nq Av‡ivwcZ; welq I
fv‡ei cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv Awbevh© bq| Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv M‡í, †hgb Ôi³‡MvjvcÕ-G Zuvi fvlv
welqvbyM, ¯^‪Q‱` Ges MxZgq|
34
bvMwiK ga¨weË-wbg′weË Rxe‡bi Mí-Aeqe m„wó‡Z †evinvbDÏxb Lvb Rvnv½x‡ii
Ae`vbI mwe‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨| e¯‧ev`x Rxeb`„wói Av‡jvq gvbe-gb¯‭‡Ë¡i RwUjZv
D‡‰§vP‡bB wZwb mgwaK AvMÖnx| ÔmgvRm‡Zï Dcjwä‡Z wZwb A‡bKvs‡k Avj AvRv‡ì
mg‡MvÎxq; AvRv` †hLv‡b cÖZ¨¶ I D‪PKÉ, †evinvbDÏxb †mLv‡b c‡iv¶ I wbwj©ß|Õ 10
fvlv I cÖKi‡Y ¯^vZ‰¿¨ Avb‡Z wM‡q †evinvbDÏxb Lvb Rvnv½xi cÖvqkB AvoóZv I
K…wÎgZvi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb, hv ¶zY′ K‡i‡Q Zuvi M‡íi wkíg~j¨| †evinvbDÏx‡bi fvlv
¯^vZ‰¿vwfjvlx, wK‰‧ Zv †QvUM‡íi Rb¨ GKv‰‭B Abyc‡hvMx|
cÖavbZ wkïmvwnwZ¨K I M‡elK n‡jI †QvUMí iPbvqI Aveyj Kvjvg gbRyi
†gvi‡k` mvd‡jï cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| bMiRxe‡bi c‡U wZwb D‡‰§vPb K‡ib gvbe-Aw¯‭‡Z¡i
eûgvwÎK RwUjZv| gb¯‭Ë¡-we‡køl‡Y wZwb Kzkwj wkíx| ÔmgªvÁxi bvgÕ, Ô†PviÕ cÖf„wZ Mí G
cÖm‡½ ¯§iYxq| cÖ‡nwjKv I Ab¨vb¨ Mí (1959) MÖ‡‰  Aveyj Kvjvg gbRyi †gvi‡k` gvbweK
m¤¢vebvi RqMv_v wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi M‡íi fvlv mij I welqvbyM, cøU RwUjZvgy³ I
msnZ|
cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMímvwn‡Zï D‡jøL‡hvM¨ •ewkó¨, †eva Kwi GB †h,
Avgv‡ì †QvUMí G c‡e©B cÖ_g n‡q I‡V g„wËKvg~j¯úk©x I RvwZmËvi wkKo-A‡‰^lx|
MíKviiv wel‡qi m‡½ m‡½ cÖKiY-cwiPh©vi cÖwZI µgk g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q I‡Vb G KvjL‡Ê|
welqvsk Dc¯ vcbvi AwfbeZ¡ Ges wbix¶vkxj fvlvixwZ w`‡q G c‡e©i wkíxiv m~wPZ K‡i
†`b lv‡Ui `k‡K evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMímvwn‡Zï cÖKiY-cÖmva‡bi F× c_hvÎv|
Pvi.
lv‡Ui `k‡K evsjv‡`‡ki Mímvwn‡Z¨ m~wPZ nq GKwU bZzb †mªvZ| Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK
K‡jøvj Avi ms‡¶v‡fi c‡U iwPZ G Kv‡ji Mí cÖK…Z A‡_©B D ¢vwmZ K‡i‡Q lv‡Ui Db¥vZvj
evsjv‡`k‡K, evsjv‡`‡ki ms¶zä Rb‡Mvôx‡K| ÔGKw`‡K mvgwiK kvm‡bi †clY, MYZvw‰¿K
g~j¨‡ev‡ai wech©q, AevOvwj cyuwRi weKvk; Ab¨w`‡K MYZ‰¿ cÖwZôvi msMÖvg I evOvwj
RvZxqZvev`x Av‡‱`vjb GB mgq‡K Aw¯ i K‡i †Zv‡j| GB mg‡q AMÖR MíKv‡iiv hLb
M‡íi RMr †_‡K GK cÖKvi cÖ¯ vb K‡i‡Qb, ZLb D‡V G‡m‡Qb bZzb cÖR‡‰§i
MíKv‡iiv|Õ11
Av‡jvP¨ c‡e© †QvUMvwíK‣PZ‡b¨ Avgiv j¶ Kwi `ywU cÖeYZv| GKw`‡K i‡q‡Qb
†mBme wkíx, huviv mvgwiKkvm‡bi f‡q kw¼Z n‡q Rxeb-RxweKvi wbivcËvi cÖk′ Avkªq
wb‡jb †eZvi-†Uwjwfkb-we Gb Avi-†cÖmUªv‡÷i wbivc` †m․‡a| Gu‡ì iPbvq Gj cjvqbx
g‡bve„wË, d«‡qW-Gwjm Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q Guiv wbg©vY Ki‡jb •g_yb-mvabvi kãgvjv|
Aciw`‡K Av‡Qb †mBme wkíx huviv wech©¯‭ hyM-cwi‡e‡k evm K‡iI mgKvjPÂj Rxebv‡eM,
hyMms‡¶vf Ges cÖwZev`-cÖwZ‡iva-†`ªvn-we‡`ªvn A½xKvi K‡i M‡íi kix‡i †R¡‡j w`‡q‡Qb
mgvR-cÖMwZi Av‡jvKewZ©Kv| •¯îkvm‡bi k„‫‫‬L‡j evm K‡iI Guiv wQ‡jb mZ¨mÜvbx, msi³
mgKvj¯úk©x Ges cÖMwZkxj mgvRfvebvq D‪PwKZ|12 lv‡Ui `k‡K †h-me Míwkíx
evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ Avwef~©Z nb, Zuv‡ì wkíKg© we‡kølY Ki‡jB Avgv‡ì Dchy©³ g‰‭‡eï
mZ¨Zv cÖgvwYZ n‡e| †h-me †QvUMvwíK mg‡qi G c‡e© mvwnZ¨mvabvq eªZx nb, Zuviv n‡‪Qb
bvRgyj Avjg (1927-), myPwiZ †P․ayix (1930-1994), gyZ©Rv ekxi (1932-), mvBwq`
AvZxKzjøvn& (1933-1998), gvdi nv †P․ayix (1934-), knx` AvL‱` (1935-), ûgvqyb
35
Kvwì (1935-1977), kIKZ Avjx (1936-), †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë (1939-), nvmbvZ Ave`yj
nvB (1939), wiwRqv ingvb (1939-), ivnvZ Lvb (1940-), eyjeb Imgvb (1940-),
gvngy`yj nK (1940-), w`jviv nv‡kg, ikx` nvq`vi (1941-), Ave`ym kvKzi (1941-),
gvneye ZvjyK`vi (1941), AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm (1943-1997), Avng` Qdv (1943-
1999), Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` (1943-2010), myeªZ eo‬qv (1945-), †mwjbv †nv‡mb
(1947-), Kv‡qm Avng` (1948-1992) cÖgLy | •kwíK wmw× Ges Rxebv‡_©i cÖ‡k′ Gu‡ì
A‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †gi `~i eëavb; Zey Avgiv Zuv‡ì GKB cO&w³‡Z web¨¯‭ KiwQ †Kbbv,
Gu‡ì mK‡jiB i‡q‡Q Awfb′ Kzjj¶Y Guiv mK‡jB †`ªvn-we‡`ªvn-ms‡¶vf-msMÖvggq DËvj
lv‡Ui MíKvi|
bvRgyj Avjg, myPwiZ †P․ayix, gyZ©Rv ekxi, gvdi nv †P․ayix, ûgvqyb Kvwì, nvmbvZ
Ave`yj nvB, wiwRqv ingvb, eyjeb Imgvb, gvneye ZvjyK`vi cÖgLy wkíxi MíiPbvcÖqvm
lv‡Ui `k‡K ïi  n‡jI, G `k‡Ki cÖavb •ewkó¨ cÖKiY-mZK©Zv Ges g‡bvMnb-we‡kølY
Gu‡ì iPbvq Abycw¯ Z| bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi AZjhvÎv Avi A‰‭tmvik~bZv wb‡q Mí wj‡L‡Qb
bvRgyj Avjg Ges mvBwq` AvZxKzjøvn&| PÆMÖv‡gi †jvKvqZ Rxeb Ges †jvKMv_v-wKse`w‰‭
wb‡q myPwiZ †P․ayix A‡bK¸‡jv Mí wj‡L‡Qb, hv evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi avivq ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Q
GKwU bZzb gvÎv| gyZ©Rv ekxi, wiwRqv ingvb, Avng` Qdv, eyjeb Imgvb Ges gvneye
ZvjyK`v‡ii M‡í aiv c‡o‡Q mgvRm‡PZb gvbm-cÖeYZv Ges mgvRcÖMwZi evmbv| BwZnvm-
HwZ‡nï Mí-Aeqe m„wó‡Z wiwRqv ingvb wewkóZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ Zuvi
ÔAwM′¯^v¶ivÕ M‡íi K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq| Z‡e Zuvi M‡í cwijw¶Z nq DcKvwnbxi AvwaK¨,
hv †QvUM‡íi kix‡i R‡ov K‡i DØ„Ë †g`| gvdi nv †P․ayix bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi nv`©¨RwUjZv
D‡‰§vP‡bB mgwaK AvMÖnx| nvm¨‡K․ZzK Avi e¨‡½i avivq evsjv‡`‡ki M‡í knx` AvL‱`
†i‡L‡Qb wewkóZvi ¯^v¶i| e¨‡½i Avei‡Y my‡K․k‡j wZwb D‡‰§vPb K‡ib gvbeRxe‡bi
MfxiZi †Kv‡bv mZ¨-Dcjwä| mim-e¨½-†K․Zz‡Ki avivq Ave`ym kvKz‡ii wmw×I G cÖm‡½
¯§iYxq| mvgvwRK Am½wZ I bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi eûgvwÎK RwUjZv D‡‰§vP‡b Ave`ym kvKzi
mim e¨½-†K․Zz‡Ki Avkªq MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| MÖvg I bM‡ii c‡U wbg′weË gvby‡li •`bw‱`bZv
wb‡q Mí wj‡L‡Qb nvmbvZ Ave`yj nvB| Zuvi M‡íi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨ cÖKiY-mZK©Zv|
wPÎjZv, Av‡eMx fvlv Ges msnZ msjvc nvmbvZ Ave`yj nvB-Gi †QvUM‡íi RbwcÖqZvi
†g․j KviY| ûgvqyb Kvwì, gvngy`yj nK, w`jviv nv‡kg cÖgLy wkíxi iPbvq cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q
AvaywbK gvby‡li GKvwKZ¡‡eva, nvw`©K i³¶iY Ges AZxZ ¯§„wZgy»Zv| bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi
weK…wZ, Am½wZ Avi m`_©K Rxeb‡PZbvq DËi‡Yi BwZK_v wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q ekxi Avj
†njv‡ji Mífyeb| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡j iwPZ Zuvi M‡íi GK wekvj GjvKv Ry‡o
Av‡Q gyw³hy‡×i eûgvwÎK ¯§„wZ-Abyl½|
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí-mvwn‡Zï avivq kIKZ Avjxi Ae`vb wewkó I e¨wZµgag©wPwýZ|
bvMwiK ga¨weËRxe‡bi eûgvwÎK Am½wZi wPÎ-A¼‡bi lvU `kKx †g․j cÖeYZvi c_ †Q‡o
M‡í wZwb wePiY K‡i‡Qb MÖvgxY RxebZ‡U, MÖv‡gi wbib′ wbt¯^ †L‡U-LvIqv gvby‡li h‰¿Yv I
msMÖvg I `n‡bi †cv‡ovRwg‡Z| kIKZ Avjx †kªwYm‡PZb wkíx, ZvB e¯‧ev`x mgvRwP‰‭vi
Av‡jv‡K wZwb Zz‡j a‡ib MÖvgxY gnvRb‡kªYxi †kvl‡Yi wPÎ, wbg©vY K‡ib me©nviv gvby‡li
msMÖvg I DËi‡Yi RqMv_v| ÔbeRvZKÕ M‡í Zuvi mvnmx gvbyl g‰‭vR Avjx gnvRwb-†kvl‡Yi
wei ‡× cÖwZev`x n‡q D‡V Gfv‡e
36
Pzc K‡i _v‡K mevB| gv evc m‰‭vb Pzc K‡i _v‡K| Av¸‡b Kv‡Vi P¨vjv †cv‡o, bvbv
kã nq| ax‡i ax‡i Avevi K_v e‡j g‰‭vR Avjx| g‡bvni †evó‡gi Mv‡bi K_v e‡j,
avb wb‡q Avwaqvi wKlv‡Yi K_v I‡V| gnvRb †mw`bI Ggwb K‡iB †g‡iwQj|
gnvRbiv wPiKvj Ggwb K‡iB gv‡i|
†jwjnvb mva (1973) wKsev ïb †n jwL›ì (1986) m¼j‡bi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv M‡íI D‪PvwiZ
n‡q‡Q GB cÖwZev`| mgv‡jvP‡Ki fvlvq Ô†jwjnvb mvaÕ M‡í gnvR‡bi N‡i Av¸b †`qvi
g‡a¨B i‡q‡Q msMÖvgx gvby‡li Zxeª cÖwZev`, wKsev e„× muvIZvj Kwcj`v‡mi eû w`‡bi fy‡j
hvIqv Zxi †Quvovi Af¨vm Avevi iß Kivi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q kÎ  Nv‡qj Kivi cÖZxKx e¨Äbv|
Ôïb †n jwL‱ìÕ M‡í ewÂZ gvby‡li wbg©g cÖwZ‡kva-evmbv gbmvg½‡ji wg‡_ AwZ
PgrKvifv‡e eënvi K‡i‡Qb kIKZ Avjx|Ó13 Z‡e Db¥~j evmbv (1968) †_‡KB j¶ Kiv
†M‡Q, bi-bvixi †h․bcÖe„wË I Avw`gKvgbv iƒcvq‡Y wZwb µgk n‡q DV‡Qb Drmvnx| G c‡_
cv evwo‡q wZwbI, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì g‡Zv e„nËi †jvKRxe‡bi cÖv½Y †Q‡o
AvZ¥KzÊq‡b n‡q‡Qb wbgM′| d‡j Ôg‰‭vR Avjx I nvmvb Avjxi m¼U, iwng †k‡Li g„Zz¨,
gnvRb‡ì nv‡Z Rxeb‡K wbt‡kl K‡i †Ìqv BZ¨vw` Qwe‡Z †h kIKZ Avjx K_v e‡j
I‡Vb, Zvi mv‡_ AvR‡Ki kIKZ Avjxi †Kv‡bv mv`„k¨ Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv †hgb cvIqv hvq
bv Ô†R‡M AvwQÕi AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`‡K ÔhLb •mKZÕ A_ev Zvi cieZ©x Mí¸‡jv‡Z|Õ14
eZ©gvb mg‡q evsjv fvlvi Ab¨Zg †kªô MíKvi nvmvb AvwRRyj nK evsjv †QvUM‡íi
avivq ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb cÖvwZw¯^K gvÎv| DËi-evsjvi MÖvgxYRxeb Zuvi M‡íi †K‱`ªxq wkí-
Dcv`vb| e¯‧ev`x Rxeb`„wói Av‡jvq wZwb D‡‰§vPb K‡i‡Qb mgvRRxe‡bi eûgvwÎK Ae¶q,
†kvwlZ-wK¬ó gvby‡li nvnvKvi I eÂbv, KL‡bv-ev Zv‡ì cÖwZev`-cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Kvwnbx|
kvnwiK AvZ¥‡Kw‱`ªK Rxe‡bi wb‡e©` I AvcvZ-Avb‡‱ì D‪Q¡vm D‡c¶v K‡i wZwb MÖvgxY
†gnbZx gvby‡li mgwóMZ Rxeb-AY©‡e K‡i‡Qb AeMvnb evsjv M‡íi avivq, Gfv‡e wZwb
wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb Zuvi Avcb fyeb, ¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb ÔwbR¯^ GK Dcwb‡ekÕ| e¯‧Z, nvmvb
AvwRRyj nK n‡‪Qb †mB e¨wZµgx MíKvi, huvi †ek wKQy Mí wbwØ©avq mgMÖ evsjv M‡íi
Avm‡i cÖ_g cO&w³‡Z ¯ vb cvevi †hvM¨| KL‡bv gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq, KL‡bv †R¨vwZwi‱`ª b‱`x
wK KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi, KL‡bv-ev g¨vw·g †MvwK©i cÖfve c‡o‡Q nvmv‡bi Ici Zey nvmvb
AvwRRyj nK GBme cÖfveejq AwZµg K‡i Ae‡k‡l evsjv Míavivq ¯ vcb K‡ib
†g․wjKZvi wkí‡jvK| nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki cÖvwZw¯^KZv-wb‡`©‡k mgv‡jvP‡Ki g‰‭e¨
cÖwYavb‡hvM¨
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK RM`xkP‱`ª ¸ß I gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi †MvÎR MíKvi| wZwb
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv M‡í †hgb Ômviv `ycyiÕ ev Ômy‡Li mÜv‡bÕ †RvwZwi‱`ª b‱`xi RM‡Z
cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, Avevi KL‡bv †hgb ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ bvgK Amvgvb¨ M‡í
wZwb we¯§qKifv‡e, A_P ¯úóZB KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii, ÔA‰‭Rj © x hvÎvÕi
KgjKzgv‡ii fvlvixwZ avi wb‡q‡Qb| GB meB wbðq Zb′ Zb′ AbymÜv‡bi welq, Zey
†R¨vwZwi‱`ª ev KgjKzgv‡ii m‡½ GB †jL‡Ki ¯^fv‡eB wgj †bB| Zey GB M‡í
we‡kl K‡i KgjKzgv‡ii Abyf~wZ I wP‰‭vi wbR¯^ †g․wjKZv I eY©vX¨Zv nvmvb
AvwRRyj n‡Ki g‡a¨ mwµq wQj e‡jB wZwb GB M‡í KgjKzgv‡ii fvlvq g‡Wj
eënvi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| Ab¨Î G g‡Wj eënvi K‡ibwb| wZwb, †hgb Av‡MB
e‡jwQ, RM`xkP‱`ª I gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi †MvÎR| †MvÎR, wK‰‧ wZwb hv
37
†R‡b‡Qb, †`‡L‡Qb, ZvB w`‡q GK eû¯‭i AwfÁZvi RMr-B ïay wZwb iPbv
K‡ibwb, †cÖw¶‡Zi ¯^vZ‡‰¿¨ M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb GK wbR¯^ fyeb; ¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb GK
wbR¯^ Dcwb‡ek|15
DËievsjvi MÖvgxY Rbc‡ì fvOb, mvgvwRK †kvlY, KL‡bv cÖwZev`, euvPvi msMÖvg GBme
K_v wb‡q nvmv‡bi MíRMr| Zuvi me M‡íiB g~‡j Av‡Q, euvPv Rv‰‭efv‡e euvPv, wk‡k′vì-
civqYfv‡e euvPv, ¯ ~jZg kvixwiKfv‡e euvPv Ges †mB euvPvi b~¨bZg Aw¯‭‡Z¡i bvbvb †Pnviv,
Avi Zvi †_‡K gyw³i iƒcI n‡iK iKg| Avi Zv †_‡K civR‡qi iƒcI n‡iK iKg| wU‡K
_vKvi, euvPvi, †n‡i hvIqvi we¯^v`, KUz, cÖvq wbqwZev`x Dcjwä, wkebvivqY iv‡qi fvlvq
Ôwbi ‪Q¡vm AvwZ©Õ wb‡qÕ16 M‡o D‡V‡Q nvmv‡bi aª c`x wekvj Mífyeb| evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv-
DËiKv‡j gyw³hy‡×i bvbv Abyl½ wb‡q wZwb wj‡L‡Qb †ek wKQy mv_©K †QvUMí, hv cÖavbZ
MÖw_Z n‡q‡Q Rxeb N‡l Av¸b (1973) Ges bvgnxb †MvÎnxb (1975) Mím¼j‡b| cÖavbZ
K…wli m‡½ RwoZ MÖvgxY gvby‡li Rxeb wb‡q Mí wj‡L‡Qb nvmvb| wK‰‧ mªóvi e¨wZµgx
Rxebv‡_©i ¯ú‡k© Zuvi Mí¸‡jv n‡q D‡V‡Q k¦vkZ gvbevZ¥vi cÖwZf~| cÖ_g c‡e©i M‡í wZwb
†h․bZv Ges gvby‡li Avw`g Kvgbvi wkíwPÎ wbg©v‡Y wQ‡jb Drmvnx| mvgvwRK Ae¶q Ges
g~j¨‡ev‡ai wech©q ai‡Z wZwb e¨w³gvby‡li †h․bRxe‡bi c`öjb‡KB Zuvi M‡íi wkí-
Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb K‡i‡Qb cÖvK&-mËi Mí-c‡e©|17 wK‰‧ µ‡g wZwb AeMvnb K‡i‡Qb
ivpevsjvi e„nËi RbRxebmvM‡i, Ges †mLvb †_‡K Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb †eu‡P _vKvi mÄxebx myav,
†`ªvn-we‡`ªvn-cÖwZev`-cÖwZ‡iv‡ai m~h©`xcÖ evYx| fvlv-cÖ‡qvM Ges msjvc wbwg©wZ‡Z nvmvb
AvwRRyj nK cix¶vwcÖq K_vwkíx| KL‡bv gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq, KL‡bv-ev KgjKzgvi
gRyg`vi Zuv‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q cÖwZ‡ek-wbg©vY wKsev evK¨MVb-cÖwµqvq| †hgb ÔRxeb N‡l
Av¸bÕ Mí, †hLv‡b M`ïxwZ‡Z cvB KgjKzgv‡ii DËvc
ivRvi nvwZ G‡m †Mj| Zvi †g‡Ni g‡Zv kixi, Zvi ¯ ‡~ jvì, †mB gnvKvq c`
PZzóq wb‡q †nj‡Z `yj‡Z gv‡Vi gvSLv‡b †`Lv w`j| †mLv‡b †Kv‡bv e„¶ wQj bv,
†Kv‡bv eU ev AkÌ ïay wKQy KuvUv MvQ, cvb‡m Qvqv evejv, eo †Rvi †mqvKzj ai‡bi
¸j¥ GBme gv‡S gv‡S| Avi A‡bK eo jvj gvV Mi‡gi Zov‡m cxwoZ AmsL¨ MZ©
BZ¨vw`|
wW‡UBj‡K msnZ Dcv‡q ¯^íK_vq GLv‡b aviY K‡i‡Qb nvmvb, †hgb K‡ib KgjKzgvi|
wPÎj-cwiPh©vq Mí-cÖwZ‡ek m„wó‡Z nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki wmw× wkLiwe‱`y¯úk©x| Z‡e KL‡bv
KL‡bv AwZK_b (Ôbvgnxb †MvÎnxbÕ), KL‡bv-ev eY©bvi we¯‭…Z Av‡qvRb (ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ)
¶zY′ K‡i‡Q Zuvi †QvUMvwíK wmw×‡K| cÖK…wZi wPÎ-A¼‡b Zuvi •bcyY¨ mwe‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
Pwi‡Îi A‰‭m©Ëvi AbyMvgx n‡q D‡V Av‡m nvmv‡bi wbR¯^ cÖK…wZ‡jvK| ZvB †`wL, msMÖvggyLi
eÂbvcxwoZ Rxe‡b Zuvi cÖK…wZ Av‡m i ¶Zvi Avei‡Y, weeY©mËvq
mg¯‭ ¯ vb PwiÎ M‡Ü fiv hvq| AZGe AwZgq `vn¨-Pwe© KuvPvI †cv‡o, Zvi Rj
cUcU k‡ã D‡e hvq| GK_vI Aek¨ h_v_© †h, m~‡h©i †MvjvwU g‰¿e‡jB †hb
AvKv‡ki gv_vq D‡V G‡m‡Q giYiZ k~Ki Zv‡K Avn″vb Rvbvq, †m cÖZz¨‡li wm′»Zv
wQu‡o wQu‡o †PvL ivwO‡q †ewi‡q Av‡m gyn~‡Z©B nvIqv A`„k¨ D¾¡j‰ & ‭ Zvgvi cv‡Z
cwiYZ nq cvLx¸‡jv †f‡M‡Q, Avi Dcvq wK? GB †`k GLb LyeB `vn¨ cvnv‡oi
g‡Zv myD‪P `xN© cvo¸‡jv wba~©g AwM′wMwi, AvcbKvi‡ì wbôziZvi cÖPÊ fvi wb‡q
Qwo‡q Av‡Q, Zv‡ì Mv‡q mvgvb¨ mvgvb¨ KuvUv MvQ †iv‡` Sjmvq, Zvgv‡U Nvm †K‡U
38
†K‡U c_¸‡jv ch©‰‭ Aí GwM‡q cy‡o QvB n‡q hvq GBme wewfb′ c_ w`‡q AviI
`vn¨ gvbylRb bxi‡e Av‡m|
[Rxeb N‡l Av¸b]
lv‡Ui DËvjZv Avi ms‡¶vf Avi wb‡e©‡ì RMr †_‡K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q †R¨vwZcÖKvk `‡Ëi
Mímvwn‡Zï †g․j-Dcv`vb| bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi wew‪Qb′Zv, iwZwejvm I
A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zvi Mí-Aeqe wbg©v‡YB wZwb AwaK AvMÖnx| gb¯‭vwË¡K we‡kølY Ges
AvZ¥K_bixwZi mvnv‡h¨ wZwb D‡‰§vPb K‡ib Pwi‡Îi A‰‭‡j©vK, KL‡bv-ev †PZbZjD ¢vmx
UzK‡iv wPÎK‡íi mvnv‡h¨ Zz‡j a‡ib we‡kl †Kv‡bv Pwi‡Îi A‰‭m©Ëv| gM′‡PZbvcÖev‡ni c‡_I
wZwb KL‡bv KL‡bv wePiY K‡ib gvbeAw¯‭‡Z¡i †g․jm¼U D‡‰§vP‡b| m~Pbv-c‡e© †R¨vwZcÖKvk
`Ë Mí wj‡L‡Qb MÖvgxY wbg′weËRxeb wb‡q, Ges G †¶‡Î Zuvi wmw× kxl©we‱`y-Awfmvix|
Ô†KóhvÎvÕ, ÔisevR †d‡i bvÕ cÖf„wZ Mí G cÖm‡½ ¯§iYxq| Ô†KóhvÎvÕ, cÖK…Z A‡_©B, evsjv
†QvUM‡íi avivq GK D¾¡j wbg©vY| wK‰‧ AbwZwej‡¤^B wZwb MÖvgxY Rxeb †Q‡o bvMwiK
ga¨weË-Avj‡q mÜvb Ki‡jb Zuvi Mí Dcv`vb| Ges Gfv‡e, Avcb †¶Î †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡q
wZwb µgk n‡q DV‡jb‭welq I cÖKi‡Y‭K…wÎg I Avoó| e‡nbv myevZvm (1967) Ges
mxZvsï, †Zvi mg¯„ K_v (1969) MíMÖ‰  †_‡K `y‡Uv Ask D×…Z Ki‡j Dchy©³ e³e¨
cÖgvwYZ n‡e
K. fv‡jv K‡i †PvL †gj‡j †`Lv hvq, †UwjMÖv‡di Zv‡i e‡m †`vj LvIqv j¨vR †Svjv
cvLx, M„n‡¯ i RxY© KzwU‡ii cÖv½‡Y L‡oi gvovB, N‡ii †cQ‡b ùvov‡bv †K․Z‚njx
K…lK-igYx A_ev AK¯§vr Mvox G‡m covq weeªZ, †Wvevq m′vbiZv cjøxevjv mK‡jB
cici mK‡jB Avm‡Q Ges hv‡‪Q|
[†jŠn‡eóbx]
L. GB iKg N‡U Pj‡Q A‡bK Kvj| Zey †kl Avkªq wQj evmbv| ivwÎi Kvqvnxb
cÖkvw‰‭‡Z, •kk‡ei Kzqvkvq, •K‡kv‡ii eKzj Z‡j, †h․e‡bi `»f~wg‡Z wePiY K‡i †Kej
gvÎ ZviB K_v ¯§iY K‡i i‡³i ¯ú‱`b‡K Drmvn w`‡qwQ|
[µxZ`vmx evmbv]
cÖ_g D×…wZ‡Z fvlv I eY©bvi ¯^Ztù‚Z©Zvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q MÖvg-cÖwZ‡e‡ki GKwU gy» Qwe;
c¶v‰‭‡i wØZxq D×…wZ‡Z fvlv KóKwíZ, RwUjZv-Avµv‰‭‭d‡j †QvUMvwíK e¨Äbvm„wó‡Z Zv
n‡q co‡Q A¶g| Z‡e PZz_© MíMÖ‰  Ôcybi ×viÕ-G (1989) †R¨vwZcÖKvk Avevi Lyu‡R
†c‡q‡Qb Zuvi ¯^‡¶‡Î, ejv hvq, wb‡R‡KB wZwb cybi ×vi K‡ib cybe©vi| DËievsjvi
Rxebc‡U GLv‡b Avevi wZwb wd‡i G‡m‡Q e„nËi †jvKvj‡q, Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb evOvwji ¯^c′ Avi
msMÖvg Avi m¤¢vebvi K_v| Ôg‰^‰‭iÕ, ÔwePvi PvBÕ, ÔmgªvUÕ, Ôw`b dziv‡bvi †LjvÕ cÖf„wZ Mí G
cÖm‡½ ¯§iYxq|
cÖZxKxe¨Äbv Ges †PZbvcÖevnixwZi cwiPh©v †R¨vwZcÖKvk `‡Ëi †QvUM‡íi Ab¨Zg
cÖvKviwYK •ewkó¨| msnZ ¯^íevK wb‡g©` msjvc-wbg©v‡Yi †Mvcbg‰¿ Zuvi KiZjMZ|
Av‡eM, Kve¨gqZv Avi D ¢vwmZ bvUKxqZv †_‡K †R¨vwZcÖKv‡ki Mí me©vs‡k gy³| M‡íi
dg©-wbg©v‡Y wZwb wbqZ cix¶vwcÖq| GBme •ewkó¨ †R¨vwZcÖKv‡ki Mí‡K G‡b w`‡q‡Q
39
wewkóZv; †Kej evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ bq, mgMÖ evsjv †QvUM‡íi cwi‡cÖw¶‡ZB GBK_v, †eva
Kwi, ejv m¤¢e|
bMimf¨Zvi Am½wZ Avi weK…wZ D‡‰§vwPZ n‡q‡Q ivnvZ Lv‡bi †QvUM‡í|
ga¨weËRxebB Zuvi M‡íi †g․j-Dcv`vb| bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi Am½wZ I wb‡e©` Zuvi M‡í
Dcw¯ Z nq †h․bZvi †cÖ¶vc‡U, d‡j †mLv‡b cÖvqkB †`Lv hvq Avw`gKvgbvi †Lvjv‡gjv ¯ ~j
wPÎ| XvKv kn‡ii AwfÁZv‡jv‡K †_‡KB ivnvZ Lvb Pqb K‡i‡Qb Zuvi Mí-Dcv`vb|
dwoqv, `vjvj, DVwZ eëmvqx, a~Z© ivRbxwZwe`, eo‡jv‡Ki iw¶Zv, Av`k©nxb w_ªjvi †jLK
GBme PwiÎ evi evi Ny‡i-wd‡i Av‡m ivnvZ Lv‡bi †QvUM‡í| ¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡j mvgvwRK
fvOb wb‡q wZwb wj‡L‡Qb K‡qKwU fv‡jv Mí| ivnvZ Lv‡bi fvlv mvejxj Ges K…wÎgZvgy³,
d‡j cvVKbw‱`Z| †QvU †QvU evK¨ w`‡q wZwb wbg©vY K‡ib M‡íi dz‡jj kixi| †hgb
Kvkxcyi WvDb evmUv RjevZvm †L‡q wKQy¶Y wRwi‡q GKUz Av‡M P‡j †M‡Q| Lye
`y‡h©v‡Mi w`b| G‡K fxlY VvÊv, Zvi Dci eB‡Q S‡ov evZvm| Pviw`K bó Kuv‡Pi
gZ †Nvjv‡U Av‡jv †R‡M Av‡Q| mKvj bv `ycyi bv weKvj, †Pbv hvq bv| fvix
`y‡h©v‡Mi w`b| cvKv mo‡Ki `ycv‡k `yB Pvi cuvPUv †`vKvb GL‡bv †Lvjv| Av`k©
wgóvb′ fvÊv‡ii †Mvcvj †Nvl †`vKv‡bi Suvc LvwbKUv †Lvjv †i‡L Pov fjy¨‡g
UªbwR÷vi †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q| Rqevsjv dv‡g©mxi Avey Wv³vi eÜ N‡i Av‡jv R¡vwj‡q
Zv‡mi Avmi ewm‡q‡Q| GB iKg `kv GLb evRv‡ii, L‡Ïi †bB, †ewki fvM
†`vKvb eÜ| cvKv mo‡Ki G gv_v I gv_v †jvKk~b¨| `ycv‡ki R½j e¨v‡c S‡ov-
evZv‡mi fxlY ZvÊe|
[cÖwZØ›Øx]
bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi wb‡e©`-e¨_©Zv-weK…wZ-Am½wZi c‡U Mí wj‡L‡Qb ikx` nvq`vi|
ga¨we‡Ëi civfe wb‡q Mí wjL‡jI, Kvwnbxi Aw‰‭‡g wZwb Dcw¯ Z K‡ib DËi‡Yi e¨Äbvgq
Bw½Z| mgvRm‡PZbZv ikx` nvq`v‡ii wkíxgvb‡mi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨| cÖMZ mgvR‡PZbvi
Av‡jvq D ¢vwmZ n‡q I‡V Zuvi gvby‡liv; Zuvi Mí Avgv‡ì †kvbvq gvbweK m¤¢vebvi RqMv_v,
m`_©K †PZbvq DËi‡Yi weRqg‰¿| ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x Kv‡j iwPZ Zuvi A‡bK M‡í Rwo‡q
Av‡Q gyw³hy‡×i bvbv ¯§„wZ Abyl½| Aš„‡i wfbœ cyi‚l (1974), †g‡N‡ì Nievox (1982)
cÖf„wZ MÖ‡‰  ¯^vaxbZv-DËi XvKv kni‡Kw‱`ªK ga¨weË Rxe‡bi mvg~wnK Ae¶q †c‡q‡Q
fvlviƒc| ikx` nvq`v‡ii M‡íi fvlv ùwUKmsnZ, †g`gy³ Ges cÖZxKx-cwiPh©vF×|
lv‡Ui `k‡K Avgv‡ì †QvUM‡íi A½‡b †h-me cÖwZfvai wkíx Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Qb
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm Zuv‡ì Ab¨Zg| cyi‡bv XvKvi ¶wqòzZv, g~j¨‡ev‡ai Ae¶q,
¯^v_©ciZv Avi RxebmsMÖvg wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q Zuvi M‡íi mg„×fyeb| cyi‡bv XvKv‡K Bwjqv‡mi
g‡Zv Ggb Abycy‫‫‬Lfv‡e Avi †KD †`‡Lbwb| Zuvi M‡í Kvwnbx A‡c¶v PwiÎ-gb¯‭Ë¡ gyL¨ n‡q
†`Lv w`‡q‡Q, hv AvaywbK †QvUM‡íi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨| †bwZ w`‡q ïi  K‡i AvLZvi ¾vgvb
Bwjqvm Zuvi PwiÎ‡K mgvwß‡Z †cu․‡Q †`b BwZi iv‡R¨| wW‡UBjm& Zuvi M‡í D‡V Av‡m
Aejxjvq| Z‡e KL‡bv KL‡bv GK M‡íi g‡a¨ GKvwaK DcMí cxwoZ K‡i g~j Mí-
†mªvZ‡K| cÖvq wZwik eQ‡ii mvwnZ¨mvabvq wZwb wj‡L‡Qb †gvU †ZBkwU Mí GgbB ¯^ícÖR
GB wkíx| Z‡e nv‡Z †Mvbv GB Mí¸‡jvi g‡a¨B dz‡U D‡V‡Q Rxe‡bi wewPÎ cÖv‰‭, Dcjwäi
eûewY©j RMr| Zuvi Ab¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯î (1976) MíMÖ‡‰  cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q gvbweK m¤ú‡K©i
Av‰‭¨w‰‭K webwó, †Luvqvwi-†Z (1982) hye-gvb‡mi wb‡e©`; `yafv‡Z DrcvZ-G (1983) wbib′
40
gvby‡li Rxe‡b A‡gvN wbqwZkvmb, Avi †`vR‡Li Ig (1989) MÖ‡‰  †bwZ †_‡K BwZ‡Z
DËi‡Yi K_KZv|
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm cÖKiY-cwiPh©vq wbix¶vwcÖq wkíx| A¨vw‱U-†ivgvw‱UK
`„wó‡Kv‡Y cÖvZ¨wnK fvlvq wZwb wbg©vY K‡ib hvwcZ Rxe‡bi PvjwPÎ| cyi‡bv XvKvi fvlv,
KzwÆ‡ì wLw¯‭ †LDo, Avi evLiLvwb-ms¯‥…wZ Bwjqv‡mi M‡í •kwíK e¨Äbvq D ¢vwmZ †hb|
wZwb ¯^v‪Q‱`¨‡eva K‡ib `xN© evK¨MV‡b; ÔGB `xN© evK¨cv‡V Abf¨¯‭ cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q Zuvi M`¨
weiw³Ki n‡jI mÁvb ü`qmsev`x cvVK M‡íi †fZ‡i cÖ‡e‡k evavMÖ¯‭ nb bv|Õ18 d¬¨vk-
e¨vK c×wZ‡Z Kvwnbxeqb Bwjqv‡mi †QvUM‡íi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨|
lv‡Ui MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨ Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` me‡P‡q †ewk cÖvwZw¯^KZvwejvmx wkíx|
AvZ¥‣RewbK AwfÁZvi Mífvl¨ wbg©v‡Y wZwb wm×n¯‭| welqvsk Ges cÖKi‡Yi Awfbe‡Z¡
Zuvi MímvwnZ¨ wewkóZvi `vwe`vi| Z‡e, cÖ_g c‡e©i M‡í, Kb‡U‱U I d‡g©, Av‡ivwcZ
Dcv`vb M‡íi g~j‡mªv‡Zi m‡½ •RemgMÖZvq GKvZ¥ n‡Z cv‡iwb| wew‪Qb′Zv I wb‡e©‡ì
h‰¿Yvq Zuvi AwaKvsk bvqK cxwoZ I chy©`¯‭| cÖZxKx Ges civev¯‭eev`x cwiPh©v Ave`yj
gvb′vb •mq‡ì †QvUM‡íi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨| cÖ_g c‡e©i M‡íi fvlvixwZ‡Z Av‡ivwcZ
AvaywbKZv wØZxq c‡e© cwiZ¨³ n‡q‡Q; d‡j, Mí‡mªvZ n‡q‡Q A‡bK †ewk mvejxj I
¯^‪Q‱`|
AvaywbK bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi Ab‰^q Avi Am½wZ Avi nv`©¨-RwUjZv wb‡q Mí
wj‡L‡Qb myeªZ eo‬qv| gM′‣PZ‡bï RwUj ew¼g c‡_ wZwb D‡b¥vPb K‡ib gvbe-Aw¯‭‡Z¡i ¯‭
ixf~Z m¼U Aebxk eo‬qv, gbxlv ivq, Avi ïK¬vw`Õi ü`‡qi hZ †Mvcb h‰¿Yv| welqvsk Ges
cÖKiY-cwiPh©vi wePv‡i GKRb AvaywbK †QvUMvwíK wn‡m‡e Zuv‡K wP‡b †bIqv hvq mn‡RB|
evK¨MV‡b wZwb cix¶vwcÖq, kãeënv‡i mZK©| KL‡bv KL‡bv P~Y© wPÎKí wK Amvgvb¨
†Kv‡bv Dcgv Zuvi M‡íi cwiYvgx e¨Äbv‡K K‡i †Zv‡j msnZ myMfxi|
bMi Avi MÖvg‭Dfq cÖv½‡YB MíKvi †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi Abvqv‡m hvZvqvZ| wbg′weË
†L‡U-LvIqv gvby‡li hvwcZ Rxe‡bi bvbv mgm¨v wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q Zuvi M‡íi aª c`x RMr|
Rxe‡bi Avn″v‡b, †eu‡P _vKvi AvKzj evmbvq Zuvi wcÖq gvby‡liv MÖvg †Q‡o Avkªq wb‡q‡Q
kn‡i| wK‰‧ MÖv‡gi g‡Zv kn‡iI Giv AcvO&‡³q, Ae‡k‡l Db¥~wjZ, RxebwePz¨Z, Avkvwi³|
Drm †_‡K wbiš„i (1969), †Lvj-KiZvj (1982) cÖf„wZ MÖ‡‰  GBme Db¥~wjZ-wbib′-
AvkvnZ gvby‡li mv¶vr cvB Avgiv| BwZnvm-HwZ‡nï c‡U PwiÎwbg©vY †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi
Ab¨Zg †QvUMvwíK •ewkó¨| gvbecÖMwZi ¯^v‡_©B wZwb wePiY K‡ib HwZn¨‡jv‡K, KL‡bv-ev
BwZnvm, KL‡bv-ev ms‡¶vfgq mgKv‡j| mgvRm‡PbZbZv Ges e¯‧ev`x RxebcÖZ¨q wb‡q
Zviv DËxY© nq †R¨vwZg©q cigv_©‡jv‡K| GB BwZevPK Rxeb`„wó evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨
†mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi cÖvwZw¯^KZvi †K‱`ªxq Drm| wZwb wek¦vm K‡ib
AvR‡Ki w`‡b Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †jLK‡ì †kKomÜvbx Aby‡cÖiYv •eix mgq‡K AwZµg
Ki‡Z Pvq, AwZµg Ki‡Z Pvq wgwjUvwi G¨vwi‡÷v‡µwmi e‡`․j‡Z e‱`y‡Ki kvmb|
†Kbbv GB kvmb-D ¢~Z cwiw¯ wZ m„wó K‡i g~j¨‡ev‡ai Ae¶q| †h Ae¶q mgv‡Ri
cÖwZwU i‡Ü« XywK‡q iv‡L Kv‡jv _vev| hvi wb‡®úl‡Y c``wjZ nq mvaviY gvby‡li
Avkv-AvKv‫¶‫‬v| GB Avkv-AvKv‫¶‫‬v cÖgZ ~ © ivLvi `vq-`vwqZ¡ †jL‡Ki|19
GB wek¦v‡m `„pg~j †_‡KB wZwb wbg©vY K‡ib Zuvi Dcb¨vm, Zuvi †QvUMí| welqvs‡ki g‡Zv
cÖKiY-cwiPh©vqI †mwjbv †nv‡mb cix¶vwcÖq I ¯^vZ‰¿¨-A‡‰^lx| M‡í AcÖPwjZ Ges
41
AvÂwjK fvlv eënv‡i Zuvi •bcyY¨ mwe‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Zuvi M‡íi fvlv MxZj I PwiÎvbyM,
cøU msnZ, Avi msjvc †K‱`ª-AwfgyLx|
Avwki `k‡K cÖ_g Mím¼jb cÖKvwkZ n‡jI MíKvi wn‡m‡e Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì
Avwef©ve lv‡Ui `k‡K| ÔKv‡ji `vq, Kv‡jvËx‡Y©i `vq, wk‡íi `vq me wKQyB e¯‧Z mgv‡RiB
`vq, gvby‡liB `vq|Õ20 GB wek¦v‡m w¯ Z †_‡K wZwb mvwnZ¨PP©v K‡i‡Qb| cyuwRev`x
wek¦eë¯ vi eûgvwÎK m¼‡Ui c‡U gvbe-Aw¯‭‡Z¡i mvgwMÖK iƒc-A¼bB Zuvi †QvUMvwíK
AwfhvÎvi †g․j-Aw‰^ó| G cÖm‡½ Zuvi ÔAc~Y© Zzwg e¨_© wek¦Õ, Ô†divix em‰‭‡K Lyu‡RÕ,
ÔjvkKvUv NiÕ cÖf„wZ M‡íi bvg ¯§iYxq| fvi‡Zi cwðge‡½i b·vj-Av‡‱`vj‡bi cUf~wgKvq
†jLv ÔgnvKv‡ji †NvovÕ, Ô`yB Mvq‡Ki MíÕ, ÔwbqvgZ Avjxi RvMiYÕ cÖf„wZ Mí we‡klfv‡e
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv‡bv MíKviB cwðge‡½i b·vj-Av‡‱`vj‡bi e¨_©Zv I
A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zv‡K Ggb m~²Zi ch©‡e¶‡Y Dc¯ vcb Ki‡Z mg_© nbwb| ivpevsjv I
mgZU AÂ‡ji we¯‭xY© Rxebc‡U web¨¯‭ n‡q‡Q Zuvi †QvUMvwíK K¨vbfvm| wZwb †QvUM‡í
†e‡Q †bb †mB me PwiÎ kª‡g-Nv‡g, Avb‡‱`-welv‡`, mvd‡j¨-e¨_©Zvq, ¯^‡c′-mv‡a hv‡ì
Rxeb ¯úw‱`Z-ms¶zä-K‡jøvwjZ| welqvsk I •kjx-†m․K‡h© Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì MímgMÖ evsjv
M‡íi aviv‡ZB `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i ¯^Z‰¿ gh©v`v| Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì fvlv M`¨-c‡`ï
hyMjew‱`‡Z wewkó I e¨wZµgx| kx‡l©‱`y gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi fvlv‣kjx I •PZb¨MÖw‰ i m‡½ Kv‡qm
Avn‡g‡ì wkíixwZi mvag©¨ KL‡bv KL‡bv Avgiv Abyfe Kwi| Z‡e Rxeb-Dcjwä‡Z
†g․wjKfv‡eB wZwb kx‡l©‱`y †_‡K `~ieZ©x RM‡Zi evwm‱`v| civev¯‭e Avi gM′‡PZbvi cÖfv‡e
Zuvi M`¨ cÖMZ I cÖvwZw¯^K| †hgb
we‡K‡ji g‡i hvIqv nj‡` Av‡jvUv GZ¶Y †Ljv KiwQj †bvUb cvqivi g‡Zv, GK
mgq Rvbjv M‡j D‡o †M‡Q| AÜKvi GLb †eov‡ji g‡Zv N‡ii †fZi †nu‡U
†eov‡‪Q wbtkã cv‡q|
[Ac~Y© Zzwg e¨_© wek¦]
Av‡jvP¨ c‡e© iwPZ evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMímvwnZ¨ MÖvgRxeb AwZµg K‡i µgk knigywL n‡q
D‡V‡Q| Zzjbvm~‡Î D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, Avgv‡ì †QvUMvwíKiv MÖvgxYRxeb wPÎ‡Y hZUv
¯^‪Q‱` e¯‧wbô, bMiRxeb wPÎ‡Y ZZUv bb| wZwi‡ki cwðge½xq K_vmvwn‡Zï cÖfv‡e G
c‡e© bexb †QvUMvwíK‡ì iPbvq G‡m‡Q AvaywbK bvMwiK‡PZbv, wjwe‡WvZvwoZ g‡bvweKjb
Ges hy‡×vËi cwðwg Ae¶qx‡PZbv| cvwK¯‭vwb Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡b Aei × ms¶zä c~e©evsjvi
Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK m¼UI G mg‡qi †QvUM‡í Awfe¨wÄZ n‡q‡Q| cvwK¯‭v‡bvËi cÖ_g
`k‡Ki Zzjbvq G c‡e©i †QvUMvwíKiv A‡bK †ewk Avw½K m‡PZb I cÖKiYwbô; welqvsk-
wbe©vPb, fvlv-eënvi Ges cÖKiY-cwiPh©vq AwaKvsk †QvUMvwíK cix¶vcÖeY I
•ewPÎ¨mÜvbx| ¯^vaxbZv-c~e©eZ©xKv‡ji GB DËivwaKv‡ii IciB wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q we‡`wk
kÎ gy³ ¯^vaxb-mve©‡f․g evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMímvwnZ¨|
cuvP.
GKvË‡ii gyw³hy‡×i ci evsjv‡`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK msMV‡b m~wPZ nj †g․j
cwieZ©b, †PZbvi †¶‡ÎI NUj ¸YMZ weKvk| mgvRRxe‡bi A‰‭M©V‡bi iƒc-cwieZ©b
Af¨‰‭i wbq‡gB iƒcv‰‭wiZ K‡i mgv‡Ri ewnM©Vb Z_v •PZb¨cÖevn| G R‡b¨B gyw³hy‡×i
gva¨‡g AwR©Z GKwU †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv mgMÖ RvwZ‡K iƒcv‰‭wiZ mËvq K‡i cybR©vZ|
42
¯^vaxbZvi †mvbvwj cÖfvq Avgv‡ì gb Avi gb‡b †h bZzb †PZbv RvMÖZ n‡q‡Q, †QvUM‡í
Zvi cÖwZdjb wQj GKv‰‭B cÖZ¨vwkZ| wK‰‧ Avgv‡ì AwaKvsk †QvUMvwíK hy‡×vËi RvZxq
nZvkv Ges A_©‣bwZK wech©‡qi kãwPÎ A¼‡bB n‡jb AwaK AvMÖnx; †`ªvn-we‡`ªvn-cÖwZev‡`
D‪PwKZ nevi cwie‡Z© A‡b‡KB †h‡Z PvB‡jb wb‡e©`-wbivb‡‱ì AZj Mn″‡i; Ges mevB
wg‡j mw¤§wjZ-mvabvq wjL‡jb gvÎ GKwU †QvUMí, hvi †g․j welq bvw¯‭‭wbwLj bvw¯‭| Z‡e
GKB m‡½ G K_v Ab¯^xKvh© †h, ¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í Rwo‡q Av‡Q msMÖvg I
weR‡qi wewgkª Awfe¨w³, hv GKv‰‭B Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i DËivwaKvi| hy‡×vËi mg‡q
me©e¨vcx nZvkv, wb‡e©` I wech©q KvwU‡q gnr wkíxgvbm AbymÜvb K‡i Rxeb I wk‡íi R‡b¨
m`_©K Ges Av‡jv‡Kv¾¡j GK gvbmf~wg‭†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †QvUMvwí‡Ki iPbvq G-RvZxq
AwfÁvb gyw³hy‡×vËi †QvUMímvwn‡Zï Avkve¨ÄK w`K| ¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡j †h-me MíKvi
evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ Avwef~©Z nb, Zuviv n‡‪Qb gvwjnv LvZzb (1928-), †n‡jbv Lvb
(1929-), KvRx dRjyi ingvb (1931-), AveyeKi wmwÏK (1934-), Aveyj Lv‡qi
gym‡jnDÏxb (1934-), iv‡eqv LvZzb (1935-), iv‡eqv wmivR (1935-), Lv‡j`v mvjvDwÏb
(1935-), gKeyjv gbRyi (1938-), Avj gvngy` (1938-), Lv‡j`v Gwè †P․ayix (1939-
2008), bvRgv †Rmgxb †P․ayix (1940-1989), bqb ingvb (1940-), RyevB`v ¸jkvb
Aviv (1942-), AvgRv` †nv‡mb (1942-), Avey Kvqmvi (1945-), ûgvqyb Avn‡g`
(1948-), Aveyj nvmvb (1947-1975), kwn`yi ingvb, RyjwdKvi gwZb, Av‡iwdb ev`j,
eyjeyj †P․ayix, kv‰‭by Kvqmvi, Avdmvb †P․ayix, Zvcm gRyg`vi, •mq` BKevj, Bg`v`yj nK
wgjb, AvZv miKvi, Avey mvC` Ry‡eix, gÄy miKvi, nwic` `Ë, knx`yj Rwni, gvgyb
ûmvBb, Avng` ekxi, gy¯‭vdv cvb′v, wmivRyj Bmjvg, Rvdi ZvjyK`vi, †mwjg †iRv, KvRx
kvgxg, gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei, BmnvK Lvb, Gnmvb †P․ayix, mvBwq` g‡bvqvi, Bgivb b~i,
mv‡ivqvi Kexi, †i‡Rvqvb wmwÏKx, mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi, myKv‰‭ P‡Ævcva¨vq, nvi b nvexe, fv¯‥i
†P․ayix, wecøe `vk, BmgvBj †nv‡mb, kvnbvR gyb′x, gnxeyj AvwRR, bKxe wd‡ivR, ivqnvb
ivBb, gwb nvq`vi jyrdi ingvb wiUb cÖgLy wkíx|
¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡j gyw³hy‡×i Abyl½ I Dcv`vbcyÄ eënvi K‡i †QvUMí iPbvq
evsjv‡`‡ki bexb-cÖexY wkíx‡ì gv‡S †`Lv †`q e¨vcK Drmvn| Avgv‡ì MíKvi‡ì
A‡b‡KB gyw³hy‡×i m‡½ cÖZ¨¶fv‡e wQ‡jb RwoZ| gyw³hy‡×i AwfÁZv hy‡×vËi Kv‡j
Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q wecyj Aby‡cÖiYvi Drm n‡q †`qv †`q| `xN© wmwK kZvãx a‡i wb‡R‡K kbv³
Kivi †h mvabvq evsjv‡`‡ki wkíxiv wQ‡jb wb‡ew`ZcÖvY, Zvi mvd‡j¨ †QvUM‡íi fve-fvlv-
cÖKiY‣kjx‡Z hy‡×vËi Kv‡j G‡m‡Q bZzb gvÎv| welq I fv‡ei w`K †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki
†QvUM‡í †hgb gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q; †Zgwb fvlv-eënvi Ges Aj¼vi-m„R‡bI
gyw³hy‡×i Abyl½ Dcw¯ Z| †QvUM‡í gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZdjb N‡U‡Q wewfb′fv‡e| KL‡bv mivmwi
hy×‡K Aej¤^b K‡i †QvUMí iwPZ n‡q‡Q, KL‡bv-ev †QvUM‡íi †g․j-fve m„wó n‡q‡Q
gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq mg„× n‡q| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †QvUM‡íi ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^c¶xq‡ì cÖwZ kª×v I
fv‡jvevmv Ges wec¶xq‡ì cÖwZ N„Yv‡eva D‪PvwiZ n‡q‡Q| Avevi †Kv_vI-ev †QvUM‡íi
ewni‡½ †j‡M‡Q gyw³hy‡×i ¯úk©| gyw³hy‡×i Dcv`vbcyÄ eëvi K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq me
MíKviB iPbv K‡i‡Qb †QvUMí| ïaygvÎ gyw³hy‡×i Mí wb‡q huv‡ì MÖ‰  cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q,
Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Av‡Qb ekxi Avj †njvj (cÖ_g K…òP~ov, 1972), nvmvb AvwRRyj nK (bvgnxb
†MvÎnxb, 1975), •mq` kvgmyj nK (R‡jk¦ixi Mí¸‡jv, 1990), wecÖ`vm eo‬qv (hy×R‡qi
43
Mí, 1991), KvRx dRjyi ingvb (†lv‡jvB wW‡m¤î I gyw³hy‡×i Mí, 1988), •mq` BKevj
(GKw`b e½eÜz I Ab¨vb¨ Mí, 1986), Gnmvb †P․ayix (GKvË‡ii Mí, 1986), kIKZ
Imgvb (Rb¥ hw` Ze e‡½, 1975), AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` (Avgvi i³, ¯^cœ Avgvi,
1975), Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb (iv‡Rb VvKz‡ii Zx_©hvÎv, 1977), AveyeKi wmwÏK (g‡i
euvPvi ¯^vaxbZv, 1977), mv‡`Kv kwdDjøvn (hy× Ae‡k‡l, 1980), Lv‡j`v mvjvnDwÏb
(hLb i‚×k¦vm, 1986) cÖgLy | GQvov gyw³hy‡×i Abyl‡½ †h-me M‡íi K_v we‡klfv‡e
¯§iYxq, †jLKbvgmn Zvi ZvwjKvwU GiKg‭m‡Z¨b †mb (cwievbyi Kvwnbx), ZvRyj Bmjvg
wd‡ivR (mßl©x A‡bK `~‡i), gÄy miKvi (kvwš„ ewl©Z †nvK), kIKZ Avjx (†mvRv iv¯„v,
AvKvj `k©b), Avdmvb †P․ayix (dvUv kn‡ii Mí), wmivRyj Bmjvg (`~‡ii †Ljv), ivnvZ Lvb
(gwa¨Lv‡bi Pi), ikx` nvq`vi (Kj¨vYcyi, G †Kvb wVKvbv), gxi b~i j Bmjvg (•¯^wiYx wd‡i
G‡mv), Kv‡qm Avn‡g` (Avmbœ), AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm (AcNvZ), †mwjg †nv‡mb (Avwgbv
I gw`bvi Mí), gvngy`yj nK (Kv‡jv gvdjvi), gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei (K‡eR †j‡Vj, fyj
weKvk), myPwiZ †P․ayix (wbtm½ wbivwkªZ), Ave`yj Mvddvi †P․ayix (†Kqv, Avwg Ges Rvigvb
†gRi), Rwni ivqnvb (mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b), kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjvg (cyuB Wvwj‡gi Kve¨),
AvgRv` †nv‡mb (DRv‡b †div), ûgvqyb Avn‡g` (kxZ, DwbkÕ k GKvËi), wiwRqv ingvb
(B¾Z), ûgvqyb AvRv` (hv`yK‡ii g„Zz¨), gvgyb ûmvBb (g„Z Lo I evOvj GKRb) cÖf„wZ|
gyw³hy‡×i bvbv Abyl½-Dcv`vb wb‡q iwPZ n‡q‡Q Gme Mí| gyw³hy‡×i Mí wb‡q cÖKvwkZ
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU m¼jb-MÖ‡‰ i K_vI GLv‡b ¯§iYxq Ave`yj Mvddvi †P․ayix-m¤úvw`Z
evsjv‡`k K_v Kq (1971), Aveyj nvmbvZ-m¤úvw`Z gyw³hy‡×i Mí (1983), nvi b nvexe-
m¤úvw`Z gyw³hy‡×i wbe©vwPZ Mí (1985), wecÖ`vm eo‬qv-m¤úvw`Z gyw³‡hv×vi Mí (1991)
cÖf„wZ| G me MÖ‡‰  A‰‭f©y³ Mímg~‡n evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i bvbv NUbv I Abyl½ •kwíK
e¨Äbvq n‡q‡Q D ¢vwmZ|
gyw³hy×‡K †K‱`ª K‡i A‡bK Mí iwPZ n‡jI, Avgiv GL‡bv cvBwb Ggb GK¸‪Q
KvjRqx Mí, hv gyw³hy‡×i mgq evOvwji mw¤§wjZ •PZ‡bï RvMiY‡K h_vh_fv‡e cÖwZgvwqZ
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q| Gi KviY eûwea| cÖ_gZ, Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i ¯^í¯ vwqZ¡ GwU‡K h_v_©
Rbhy‡× cwiYZ n‡Z †`qwb, d‡j gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvI nqwb me©e¨vß Ges GiB wkKvi,
AwaKvsk evOvwji g‡Zv, evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMvwíKivI| wØZxqZ, gyw³hy× GL‡bv AZ¨‰‭ Kv‡Qi
GKwU NUbv, Ges G Rb¨B AwaKvsk †QvUMvwí‡Ki gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv Av‡eM-D‪Q¡vmZvwoZ,
†mLv‡b ¯^fveZB dz‡U I‡V •kwíK wbivmw³i Afve| mgq †cwi‡q hLb Avm‡e bZzb
cÖR‡‰§i †QvUMvwíK, nq‡Zv Zuv‡ì nv‡ZB †jLv n‡e Avgv‡ì gyw³hy×‡K †K‱`ª K‡i †jLv
GK¸‪Q Kv‡jvËxY© †QvUMí|
¯^vaxbZv-DËi †QvUM‡í Avw½‡Ki cix¶v-wbix¶v A‡bKUv K‡g‡Q, Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e
†e‡o‡Q wel‡qi •ewPÎ¨| G c‡e© AwaKvsk †QvUMvwíK hy‡×vËi nZvkv-Ae¶q Avi •biv‡Rï
kãiƒc wbg©v‡Y m‡Pó n‡jb; Drmvnx n‡jb h‰¿Yv`» Zvi ‡Yï bó-Rxe‡bi wkíg~wZ©-m„R‡b|
mË‡ii `k‡Ki evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi †g․j-cÖeYZv IB `k‡KiB GKRb cÖavb MíKv‡ii
`„wó‡Z aiv c‡o‡Q Gfv‡e
mË‡ii MíKviiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K eq‡m bexb| wK‰‧ mgvR, gvbyl, cvwicvwk¦©K †cÖ¶vcU
we‡ePbv K‡i Mí iPbvq bexb bb| ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x NUbvi cÖwZ i‡q‡Q Zuv‡ì Zxeª
PvDwb| hy‡×vËi msKU, †`k cwiPvjbvi †¶‡Î e¨_©Zv, Õ74-Gi `ywf©¶, ivR‣bwZK
44
nZ¨vKvÊ, mvgwiK Afy¨Ìvb Ges kvmK‡kªYxi cÖZviYvi ev¯‭eZv mË‡ii MíKvi‡ì
Rxe‰‭ welq| †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ huviv mgvR-mÁvb Zuviv ey‡R©vqv ivRbxwZi mxgve×Zv
I öjb †QvUM‡í wPwÎZ K‡ib| mË‡ii †ivgvw‱UK avivi Mí‡jLKivI mvgvwRK
Amvg¨-Aw¯ iZv wPwÎZ K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì M‡í|... GB `k‡K Mí‡jLK‡ì Mí-cv‡V
†`Lv hvq, Zuviv †h †h Ae¯ vi gy‡LvgywL n‡q‡Qb Zvi me wKQy AvZ¥mvr K‡i‡Qb
†QvUM‡í| MÖvg I kni Dfqwea cUf~wg D‡V G‡m‡Q †QvUM‡íi Rwg‡Z|21
¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í †h me wkíxi Avwef©ve N‡U‡Q, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ eyjeyj
†P․ayix, Avj gvngy`, AveyeKi wmwÏK, AvZv miKvi, Avng` ekxi, gÄy miKvi, •mq`
BKevj, nwic` `Ë, knx`yj Rwni, gvgyb ûmvBb, mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi, myKv‰‭ P‡Ævcva¨vq, gy¯‭vdv
cvb′v, gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei, RvwKi ZvjyK`vi, cÖkv‰‭ g„av, kvnbvR gyb′x, gnxeyj AvwRR,
•mq` gbRyi j Bmjvg, ivqnvb ivBb cÖgLy wkíx cÖK…Z A‡_©B †i‡L‡Qb cÖvwZw¯^KZvi ¯^v¶i|
mvejxj M‡`¨ gvbyl I mgv‡Ri Zj‡`k D ¢vm‡b eyjeyj †P․ayixi •bcyY¨ mwe‡kl
D‡jøL‡hvM¨| gvby‡li Avw`g •ReKvgbvi wbivfiY wPÎ cÖZxKx e¨Äbv Ges Av‡eMx cwiPh©vq
Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q Avj gvngy‡ì †QvUM‡í| Ôcvb‡K․woi i³Õ wKsev ÔRj‡ek¨vÕ-i g‡Zv `ytmvnmx
M‡í Kvg-evmbvi c‡U gvbe-gb¯‭‡Ë¡i RwUjZv D‡‰§vP‡b we‡kl K…wZ‡Z¡i cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb
Avj gvngy`|
¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡ji hyMm¼U Ges ivR‣bwZK ms‡¶vf-msMÖvg wb‡q Mí wj‡L‡Qb
AveyeKi wmwÏK| welq I cÖKi‡Y Zuvi Mí wewkó I ¯^vZ‰¿¨cÖZ¨vkx| ivR‣bwZK Abyl½ wb‡q
Mí-iPbvq •mq` BKevjI mgwaK Drmvnx| ¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡ji wecb′Zv I wb‡e©` wb‡q
†ek wKQy wbix¶vmdj Mí wj‡L‡Qb wZwb| myKv‰‭ P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi M‡í Rxeb I cÖK…wZi
g‡bvgq GKvZ¥Zv evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Q bZzb gvÎv| G cÖm‡½ Zuvi ÔfMevbÕ,
ÔRUvavixi evb′xÕ, ÔDRvwbfvUvwjÕ cÖf„wZ Mí we‡klfv‡e ¯§iYxq| ivR‣bwZK K‚U -ZK©,
ZË¡m¼U Ges mvgwiK kvm‡bi c‡U Mí wj‡L‡Qb AvZv miKvi| mËi `k‡Ki ivRbxwZ †hb
ew‱` n‡q Av‡Q AvZv miKv‡ii M‡í|
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi g‡Zv Avng` ekxiI XvKvi RbRxeb wb‡q Mí wj‡L
wewkóZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| gÄy miKv‡ii M‡í iƒcvw‰^Z n‡q‡Q DËievsjvi i ¶ cÖK…wZ,
wea″¯‭ Rbc`, wecb′ mgvR Avi msMÖvgx Rb‡Mvôx| ivR‣bwZK m‡PZbZvi cwiPqI dz‡U
Av‡Q gÄy miKv‡ii M‡í|
†kªwYm‡PZb ivR‣bwZK `„wó‡Kv‡Y †kvl‡Ki cZb Avi †kvwl‡Zi DÌvb wb‡q Mí
wj‡L‡Qb nwic` `Ë| †L‡U-LvIqv wbcxwoZ gvby‡li cÖwZev`x †PZbvB Zuvi M‡íi †K‱`ªxq
welq| Pov my‡i euvav nwic` `‡Ëi Mí| PwjZ I AvÂwjK fvlv cÖ‡qv‡M nwic` `‡Ëi
mvdj¨ we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| gy¯‭vdv cvb′vi M‡íI Av‡Q AvÂwjK fvlv eënv‡i •kwíK
wmw×i ¯^v¶i| `w¶Yevsjvi MÖvgxY Rb‡Mvôx Avi Zv‡ì msMÖvgkxj RxebB gy¯‭vdv cvb′vi
M‡íi †g․j welq| nwic` `‡Ëi g‡Zv gy¯‭dv cvb′vi M‡íi A‰‭‡mª©v‡ZI me©`v engvb
†kªwY‡PZbv| gvbeg‡bi A‰‭M~©p inm¨-D‡‰§vPbB gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡e‡ii †QvUM‡íi †g․j
Aw‰^ó| kniRxe‡bi †K¬`-öjb-wb‡e©` wb‡q Mí-iPbvq wZwb wm×n¯‭|
¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡ji evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi Ab¨Zg •ewkó¨, †eva Kwi GB †h, G
mgq Avgv‡ì †QvUMvwíK-†PZbv n‡q D‡V A‡bK †ewk ivRbxwZm‡PZb I RbRxebg~j-
A‡‰^lx| ÔmËi `k‡Ki mg¯‭ Mí †jL‡Ki M‡íi welq gyw³hy× Ges gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvm¤^wjZ
45
K_ve¯‧|Õ22 e¯‧Z, Avwki `k‡Ki Mímvwn‡Zï †¶‡ÎI GK_v mgvb cÖ‡hvR¨| ¯^vaxbZv-
DËiKv‡j cvVKwcÖqZvi †jv‡f Ges evwYR¨j²xi Avivabvq K‡qKRb kw³gvb MíKvi m„wó
K‡i‡Qb GKUv ÔR‡jv, Amvi, ev‡ivqvwi †K‪QvÕ †jLvi aviv, hv µgk ùx‡Zvì n‡‪Q, a″sm
Ki‡Q Mímvwn‡Zï wkwíZ weKv‡ki hvÎvc_| lv‡Ui `k‡K †h Avw½K-m‡PZbZvi m~ÎcvZ,
Avwk‡Z G‡m Zv e¨vcKfv‡e evavMÖ¯‭ n‡q‡Q| GLb A‡b‡KB cvVKi wPi Kv‡Q wemR©b w`‡‪Qb
wkígvb‡K, mim e³e¨fyK cvV‡Ki g‡bviÄ‡bi R‡b¨B Zuviv †hb me©`v m‡Pó|
Qq.
Dchy©³ Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi weKvk‡iLv ms‡¶‡c Zz‡j aivi †Póv
K‡iwQ| we¯‭…wZi AeKvk bv-_vKvi Kvi‡Y, A‡bK †¶‡ÎB Av‡jvPbv‡K Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q msw¶ß,
Ges G Kvi‡YB A‡bK AcÖavb †QvUMvwí‡Ki iPbv n‡Z cv‡iwb Av‡jvPbvi A‰‭M©Z|
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †h mZ¨ cÖwZôv cvq Zv GB †h, Avgv‡ì
mvwn‡Zï Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi Zzjbvq †QvUMí `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i †M․i‡ei Avmb| Z‡e eZ©gvb
mg‡q †QvUM‡íi †¶‡Î Pj‡Q GK ai‡bi eÜ¨vZ¡| evsjv‡`k wKsev fviZxq e½‭Dfq †¶‡ÎB
weï× †QvUMvwí‡Ki Avwef©ve GLb K¡wPr-K`vwPr| BZtc~‡e© huviv fv‡jv Mí wj‡L‡Qb, Zuviv
A‡b‡KB nvZ ¸wU‡q wb‡q‡Qb, Avm‡Qb bv bexb †Kv‡bv †QvUMvwíK| cÖexYiv, A‡b‡KB,
c~‡e©-†jLv Mí¸‡jv GKUz Nywi‡q wdwi‡q bZzb fv‡l¨ Ki‡Qb Dc¯ vcb| †evSv hvq, dzwi‡q
†M‡Q Zuv‡ì cÖwZfvi `xwß|
cÂvk-lvU-mË‡ii `k‡K †QvUM‡íi g~j evnb cÎ-cwÎKv I mvgwqKxi Afve wQj
cÖKU| Zey †QvUMí iwPZ n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b cÎ-cwÎKvi Afve †bB, Afve fv‡jv †QvUM‡íi|
gvby‡li mgqaviYvi cUf~wg‡Z Rb¥ n‡qwQj †QvUM‡íi| mg‡qi kvmb GLb Ebwesk kZvãxi
Zzjbvq Av‡iv cÖKU| Zvn‡j evsjv †QvUM‡íi GB •`b¨`kv †Kb? bvwK cvVKwcÖqZv I
evwYRëyw×i †cÖiYvq iwPZ lvU †_‡K Avwk c„ôvi Dcb¨vm bv‡gi eo Mí¸‡jv evavMÖ¯‭ Ki‡Q
†QvUM‡íi weKvk? cvVK-i wPi Kv‡Q †jLK wemR©b w`‡‪Qb wK Avcb cÖwZfv? cÖKvkK †h
KvUwZ bv _vK‡j †QvUM‡íi eB cÖKvk Ki‡eb bv GK_v †Zv †jLvB evûj¨| Zey †Zv K_v
†_‡K hvq †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mr cÖKvk‡Ki Kv‡Q| Avgiv Avkv Kie, †mBme bexb-cÖexY
†QvUMvwíK, huv‡ì ¶gZv Av‡Q, Zuviv GwM‡q Avm‡eb fv‡jv †QvUMí iPbvq; mw¤§wjZ
mvabvq Zuviv Avevi Avb‡eb evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi cÂvk-lvU-mË‡ii †mB ¯^Y©vwj Avfv,
GKevi, AviI GKevi|
46
Z_¨wb‡`©k
1. i_x‱`ªbv_ ivq : †QvUM‡íi K_v (KjKvZv, 1988), c„. 46
2. •mq` AvKig †nv‡mb : evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨ I Ab¨vb¨ cÖm½ (XvKv, 1985), c„. 14
3. ivRxe ûgvqyb : Aveyj gbmyi Avng‡ì e¨½ iPbv (XvKv, 1985), c„. 12-19
4. •mq` AvKig †nv‡mb : •mq` IqvjxDjøvn& (XvKv, 1988), c„. 75, 77
5. Avng` Kwei : Ò¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv mvwn‡Zï iƒcv‰‭i : welq I cÖKiY : cÖm½
†QvUMíÓ,
6. GKz‡ki cÖeÜ 88 (evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1988), c„. 38
7. gyn¤§` Ave`yj nvB I •mq` Avjx Avnmvb : evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZe„Ë (AvaywbK hyM),
(XvKv 1385), c„. 440
8. Amxg mvnv : ÒG-†`‡ki Mí/c~Y©Zv-Ac~Y©ZvÓ, KÉ¯î (m¤úv`K : Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx`),
XvKv, `kg el© : Z…Zxq msL¨v, †m‡Þ¤î 1975, c„. 27
9. iwdKDjøvn Lvb : Ònvmvb nvwdRyi ingv‡bi †QvUMíÓ, mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv, (m¤úv`K
†gvnv¤§` gwbi ¾vgvb), Aóvwesk el© : wØZxq msL¨v, dvêyb 1391, c„. 241
10. Amxg mvnv : ÒG-†`‡ki Mí/c~Y©Zv-Ac~Y©ZvÓ, c~‡e©v³, c„. 29
11. gyn¤§` Ave`yj nvB I •mq` Avjx Avnmvb : evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZe„Ë (AvaywbK hyM),
c~‡e©v³, c„. 442
12. Avn‡g` Kwei : Ò¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv mvwn‡Zï iƒcv‰‭i : welq I cÖKiY : cÖm½‭
†QvUMíÓ, c~‡e©v³, c„. 39
13. wek¦wRr †Nvl : evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨ (XvKv, 1992), 14-15
14. Avng` Kwei : ¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv mvwn‡Zï iƒcv‰‭i : welq I cÖKiY : cÖm½
†QvUMíÓ, c~‡e©v³, c„. 47
15. Amxg mvnv : ÒG-†`‡ki Mí/c~Y©Zv-Ac~Y©ZvÓ, c~‡e©v³, c„. 32
16. AkÖ Kzgvi wmK`vi : bexb h`yi esk (KjKvZv, 1991), c„. 10
17.c~‡e©v³, c„. 147-48
18.Avey Rvdi : MíKvi nvmvb AvwRRyj nK (XvKv, 1988), c„, 10
19. mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi : ÒAvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm : •Øi_ mgqÓ, AvR‡Ki KvMR, XvKv,
15.08.1991
20.mvjvg mv‡jn&DÏxb (m¤úv`K) : Ai‚ÜZx, cÖ_g el© : cÖ_g msL¨v, RyjvB 1991, XvKv, c„.
35
21. Kv‡qm Avn‡g` : Òwb‡Ri m‡½ AvjvcÓ, Ai‚ÜZx, c~‡e©v³, c„. 21
22.mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi : Òlv‡Ui DËivwaKvi : mË‡ii MíÓ, Ai‚ÜZx, c~‡e©v³, c„. 29
23.c~‡e©v³, c„. 28
[ †jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq| ]
47
e o cÖ e Ü
evsjv M‡íi DËivwaKvi
Av n gv ` †gv ¯— dv Kv gv j
[†jLvwUi e¨vcv‡i †QvÆ GKwU f~wgKv †èvi cÖ‡qvRb †eva KiwQ| GwU bZzb †Kv‡bv †jLv
bq, ÔnvjLvZvÕ m¤úv`‡Ki bv‡Qvo-Aby‡iv‡a GwU cybg©`y ª‡Yi Rb¨ w`‡Z nj| †jLvwU cÖ_g
cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj mvßvwnK ÔKvMRÕ-G, mvZ c‡e©i avivevwnK wn‡m‡e, 2008 mv‡ji 28 gvP©
†_‡K 8 †g (msL¨v 6 †_‡K msL¨v 12) ch©‰‭| cÖKv‡ki mgqB †jLvwU bvbv Av‡jvPbv-
mgv‡jvPbvi Rb¥ †`q Ges cvVK‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z m¶g nq| cÖPzi cwigvY cÖwZwµqv
†c‡qwQ GB †jLvwUi Rb¨| ïay GwUB bq, evsjv‡`‡ki Mí wb‡q Avgvi †jLv cÖvq †MvUv
we‡kK cÖeÜ wewfb′ mg‡q cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q, wK‰‧ Avj‡mï Kvi‡Y MÖ‰ fy³ Kiv nqwb| Avkv
KiwQ AvMvgx eQi G¸‡jv †_‡K evQvB Kiv K‡qKwU †jLv wb‡q GKwU MÖ‰  cÖKvwkZ n‡e|
MÖ‰ fy³ bv Kivi Kvi‡Y Avgv‡K GB †jLv¸‡jv wb‡q bvbviKg Sv‡gjv †cvnv‡Z n‡q‡Q| Zvi
GKwU Ñ webv AbygwZ‡Z wewfb′ KvM‡R G¸‡jvi cybg©`y ªY, wØZxqwU Ñ webv AbygwZ‡Z Ges
†Kv‡bv iKg m~Î D‡jøL QvovB Avgvi †jLv †_‡K AweKj Kwc K‡i wb‡Ri †jLv wn‡m‡e
Pvwj‡q‡Qb †KD †KD| D`vniY w`w‪Q| evsjv GKv‡Wgx †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Mí :
be″B‡qi `kKÕ (cÖKvkKvj : Ryb 2011) msKjbwUi f~wgKvi GKwU e‡ov Ask Avgvi GB
†jLv †_‡K ûeû Kwc Kiv n‡q‡Q, A_P †Kv‡bv D×…ZwPý ev Z_¨m~Î D‡jøL Kiv nqwb|
GgbwK, msKjbwUi m¤úv`K cvcwo ingvb Avgvi mgKvjxb †jLK nIqv m‡Ë¡I,
†g․wLKfv‡eI welqwU Avgv‡K Rvbv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb †eva K‡ibwb| msKjbwU nv‡Z †c‡q Avwg
†mªd nZf¤^ n‡q wM‡qwQ| f~wgKvi †k‡li w`‡K hwÌ wZwb `qv K‡i Rvwb‡q‡QbÑ Ôwe‡kl
K‡i mg‡qi †jLK Avngv` †gv¯‭dv Kvgv‡ji evsjv M‡íi DËivwaKvi bvgK ¸i Z¡c~Y©
cÖeÜwUi D‡jøL bv Ki‡jB bqÕ Ñ wK‰‧ GB evK¨ †_‡K †Kv‡bvfv‡eB †evSvi Dcvq †bB †h,
wZwb †Kej ÕmnvqZvÕ †bbwb, AweKj bKj K‡i‡Qb! GgbwK G-I †evSv m¤¢e bq †h,
f~wgKvi †Kvb Ask¸‡jv Avgvi †jLv †_‡K wb‡q‡Qb wZwb| GB K_v¸‡jv eva¨ n‡qB ej‡Z
nj| †K․Z‚njx cvVKiv wgwj‡q †`L‡Z cv‡ib| Avwg ïay Avgvi cvVK‡ì GB e‡j wbwðZ
Ki‡Z PvB †h, GB cÖe‡Üi cÖwZwU kãB Avgvi wb‡Ri †jLv, †P․h©e„wËi ¯^fve Avgvi †bB|
D×…wZ †h¸‡jv †`qv n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jvi cÖ‡Z¨KwUi Z_¨m~ÎI w`‡qwQ|]
48
cÖvKK_b
ivR‣bwZK Kvi‡Y GKwU †`k fvM n‡q †M‡j Avm‡j wK fvM nq? ïay f~wg? ïay mxgvbv? bvwK
fvlv-mvwnZ¨-m½xZ-wPÎKjv-Pjw‪PÎ-bvUK BZ¨vw` mvs¯‥…wZK DcKiY¸‡jvI? hw` fvM bv
nq Zvn‡j wK GB `y‡Uv bZzb †`‡k ms¯‥…wZi GB DcKiY¸‡jv GKBfv‡e GKB avivq
weKwkZ nq? Avi hw` fvM n‡q hvq, Zvn‡j †`‡ki †Kvb AskwU Awef³ †`kwUi wkí-
mvwn‡Zï g~javivi avivevwnKZv enb K‡i? †h-†Kv‡bv GKwU, bvwK `y‡UvB? GBme cÖk′ GLb
Avgv‡ì mvg‡bI Awbevh©fv‡e P‡j Avm‡Q| KviY Avgiv, evsjv bvgK †`kwUi AwaemxivI,
GB ivR‣bwZK wefvR‡bi wkKvi n‡qwQ| fviZel© KL‡bvB GKRvwZi GK‡`k wQj bv| Zey
MZ kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS‡Z weªwUkiv‡Ri K‚UPv‡j Ges weªwUk‡ì G‡`kxq AbyMZ ivRbxwZK‡ì
mn‡hvwMZvq fviZe‡l©i fvM n‡q hvIqv‡K Avgiv Ô†`kfvMÕ wn‡m‡eB eY©bv K‡i _vwK|
hwÌ GwU †Kvb †`k, Kvi †`k, †KbB-ev fviZfvM‡K Avgiv †`kfvM ejwQ †mB cÖk′¸‡jv
Lye GKwU DÌvcb Kwi bv| m¤¢eZ MZ kZ‡K †R‡M-IVv evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì †PZbvq
D¾xweZ wP‰‭vkxj AskwU evsjv fvM‡KB †`kfvM wn‡m‡e eY©bv Ki‡Z ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb| †mwU
†evSv hvq MZ kZ‡Ki ïi ‡Z e½f‡½i wei ‡× GB wP‰‭vkxj As‡ki Zxeª cÖwZwµqvi aib
†`‡LB| Zuviv e½f½‡K gv‡bbwb| m¤¢eZ evsjv AÂj‡K Zuviv GKwU †`kiƒ‡cB Kíbv
Ki‡Zb| (wecixZ gZwUI fy‡j hvw‪Q bv †h, Zuviv GB we‡ivwaZvq †b‡gwQ‡jb mv¤cÖ`vwqK
gvbwmKZvi Kvi‡Y| GB gZwU Lye cÖejfv‡eB we`¨gvb, Ges †mwUI nq‡Zv m¤ú~Y© wg‡_¨
bq|) hv‡nvK, evsjvfvM ev †`kfv‡Mi d‡j m„ó `y‡Uv c„_K iv‡óª evOvwj ms¯‥…wZ Ges
mvs¯‥…wZK Dcv`vb cÖevwnZ nj c„_K `y‡Uv avivq| †Kvb avivwU g~j aviv G wb‡q †ek
K‡qKeQi a‡iB K_vevZ©v Pj‡Q| cwð‡gi (evsjvi) †jLKiv m¤¢eZ cy‡ei evRvi wVK ivLvi
Rb¨, ev Zv‡ì G‡`kxq AbyMvgx‡ì Lywk Kivi Rb¨ A_ev cvVK‡ì
mv‰‭¡bv †`qvi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k‡KB fwel¨‡Zi evsjv mvwn‡Zï ivRavbx e‡j AwfwnZ K‡i
Avm‡Qb| Zuv‡ì GB AvjUcKv g‰‭‡e¨ Avb‡‱` AvZ¥nviv n‡ZI †`Lv hv‡‪Q G‡`‡ki A‡bK
i_x-gnvi_x‡ì! wK‰‧ Zuv‡ì GB ai‡bi g‰‭‡eï †cQ‡b ivRbxwZUv Kx, †mwU we‡ePbv K‡i
†`Lv n‡‪Q bv| gy‡L Gme ej‡jI Avm‡j Zuv‡ì g‡b Kx Av‡Q †mwUI Luy‡R †`Lv n‡‪Q bv|
hv‡nvK, GB iPbvq evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi BwZnvm Ges DËivwaKv‡ii cwi‡cÖw¶ZwU Gi
mvdj¨-e¨_©Zv, AR©b-A¶gZv‭LyeB msw¶ßfv‡e Av‡jvPbv Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
mvZPwjø‡ki †`kfv‡Mi ci ms¯‥…wZi Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi g‡Zv evsjv mvwn‡Zï nvRvi eQ‡ii
BwZnvm I HwZnÏ cÖevwnZ n‡Z jvMj `y‡Uv mgv‰‭ivj avivq| †`kfv‡Mi lvU eQi ci
evsjv †QvUM‡íi avivevwnKZvq evsjv‡`‡ki ¯ vb †Kv_vq? Pwjøk `k‡Ki †mB wen″j mg‡q
nv‡Z †Mvbv †h KRb bexb †jLK fvM n‡q hvIqv `y‡Uv avivi GKwUi `vwqZ¡ mh‡Z′ Zz‡j
wb‡qwQ‡jb wb‡R‡ì Kuv‡a, Zv‡ìB †Zv DËivwaKvi AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨| KZUKz
GwM‡qwQ Avgiv? GBme cÖ‡k′iI GKUv myjyK-mÜvb Kivi †Póv _vK‡e GB †jLvq|
iex›`ªbv_ †_‡K gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq : evsjv M‡íi ¯^Y©mgq

evsjv †QvUM‡íi †m․fvM¨ †h, Gi Rb¥ n‡qwQj Ges •kke-•K‡kv‡i GwU cwiPwh©Z n‡qwQj
iex‱`ªbv‡_i g‡Zv GK gnvb wkíxi nv‡Z| Dcb¨v‡mi †¶‡ÎI GKB K_v Lv‡U| evsjv
Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¥B n‡qwQj ew¼gP‡‱`ªi g‡Zv GKRb RvZwkíxi nv‡Z| GB GKwU †¶‡Î evsjv
49
K_vmvwnZ¨ c„w_exi †h-†Kv‡bv †`‡ki K_vmvwnZ¨ †_‡K Avjv`v, BDwbK| Avi †Kv‡bv †`‡k
Mí ev Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¥ GKKfv‡e †Kv‡bv †jL‡Ki nv‡Z nqwb, R‡b¥B GZUv cwiPh©v cvqwb,
GZ `ª Z cÎcjø‡e weKwkZI nqwb| G K_v wbðqB †KD A¯^xKvi Ki‡eb bv †h, evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨ †QvUM‡íi g‡Zv Avi †Kv‡bv wkígva¨gB GZ `ª Z Ggb gvbm¤úb′ I gh©v`vi Avmb
•Zwi Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| iex‱`ªbv‡_i †gav`xß ggZv I fv‡jvevmvq †e‡o DVwQj e‡jB nq‡Zv
evsjv †QvUMí AwZ Aí mg‡q cvVK‡ì Zxeª g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj|
iex‱`ªbv‡_i MíPP©vi mgqKvj Lye †ewk bqÑ A_P GB mg‡qi g‡a¨B eûwewPÎ welq I PwiÎ,
Avi wbg©vY‡K․k‡ji PgrKvwi‡Z¡ Hk¦h©evb n‡q D‡VwQj evsjv M‡íi fyeb|
iex‱`ªbv‡_i Mí wb‡q K_v ej‡Z †M‡j cÖ_‡gB G cÖk′ Rv‡M †h, †Kv‡bviKg c~e©-
HwZn¨ QvovB nVvr K‡i wZwb Mí †jLv ïi  Ki‡jb Kxfv‡e? Kxfv‡eB-ev GZUv mdj
n‡jb? IiKgwU g‡b n‡jI cÖK…Zc‡¶ iex‱`ªbv_ nVvr K‡i Mí †jLv ïi  K‡ibwb, Zuvi cÖ_g
Mí-cÖ‡Póvi wPý i‡q‡Q 1284 evsjv m‡bi ÔfviZxÕ cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ ÔwfLvwiYxÕ AvL¨v‡b|
wK‰‧ welY′-†ivgvw‱UK GB AvL¨vbwU Mí n‡q DV‡Z †kvPbxqfv‡e e¨_© n‡qwQj| Gi eQi
mv‡ZK ci cÖKvwkZ nq Zuvi Av‡iv `y‡Uv ÔMíÕ ÔivRc‡_i K_vÕ Ges ÔNv‡Ui MíÕ| wK‰‧ G
`y‡Uv M‡íI Ô†QvUMíwkíxÕ iex‱`ªbv‡_i †Kv‡bv wPý †g‡j bv| Zuvi cÖ_g wkímdj Mí
Ô†`bvcvIbvÕ cÖKvwkZ nq 1298 mv‡j| A_©vr cÖ_g Mí-†Póvi 14 eQi ci wZwb cÖ_gev‡ii
g‡Zv GKwU mdj Mí wjL‡Z m¶g nb Ges Zvici †_‡KB Zuvi MíiPbvi †Rvqvi Av‡m|
g‡b nq, †hb GZw`‡b wZwb Zuvi Kvw‫¶‫‬Z Avw½KwU Luy‡R †c‡q‡Qb| ïay 1298-1302 GB
cuvPeQ‡ii g‡a¨B Zuvi 44wU Mí mvgwqKc‡Î cÖKvwkZ nq! Gi g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jvB
cieZ©xKv‡j cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q ¸i ‡Z¡i m‡½ M„nxZ n‡q‡Q| Ô†cv÷gv÷viÕ Ô†LvKveveyi
cÖZ¨veZ©bÕ ÔK¼vjÕ ÔGKivwÎÕ ÔKveywjIqvjvÕ ÔQywUÕ ÔgaëwZ©bxÕ ÔmgvwßÕ Ôwbkx‡_Õ Ôw`w`Õ Ô¶zwaZ
cvlvYÕ ÔAwZw_Õ ÔB‪Qvc~iYÕ cÖf„wZ GB mg‡qiB Mí| cieZ©x 15 eQ‡i Zuvi iPbvi msL¨v
†hgb K‡g Av‡m (gvÎ 21wU), †Zgwb gvbm¤úb′ M‡íi msL¨vI K‡g Av‡m| GB mg‡q iwPZ
Mí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ ÔbóbxoÕ ÔgwYnvivÕ cÖf„wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Gici ÔmeyRcÎÕ‡K †K‱`ª K‡i
1321-1324 mvj mgqKv‡ji g‡a¨ †jLv Zuvi Mí¸‡jv‡Z welq I Avw½‡K `„wóMÖvn¨ cwieZ©b
Av‡m, wkíKzkjZvqI aiv c‡o AwaKZi m‡PZbZvi Qvc| Ô•ng‰‭xÕ Ô¯¿xi cÎÕ Ô†k‡li ivwÎÕ
ÔAcwiwPZvÕ cÖf„wZ GB mg‡qiB iPbv| Gici †_‡KB Zuvi Mí iPbvi †SuvK K‡g Av‡m, Ges
1325 †_‡K g„Zzï AvM ch©‰‭ †Zgb †Kv‡bv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí wZwb iPbvI K‡ibwb| GB mg‡q
iwPZ 14wU M‡íi g‡a¨ cieZ©xKv‡ji cvVK‡ì g‡a¨ ÔejvBÕ Avi Ôj¨ve‡iUwiÕ Qvov Avi
†Kv‡bv Mí †Zgb ¸i Z¡ cvqwb| GKwU welq we‡klfv‡e j¶Yxq †h, MíPP©v ïi  Kivi
Av‡MB iex‱`ªbv_ Dcb¨vm iPbv ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb Ges ÔeDVvKzivYxi nvUÕ I ÔivRwl©Õ Dcb¨vm
`y‡Uv cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb| Gici Zuvi Dcb¨vm iPbvq `xN© weiwZ j¶ Kiv hvq, Ges Mí
iPbvi †Rvqvi Av‡m| cÖ_g Dcb¨vm cÖKv‡ki cÖvq 16 eQi ci hLb Zuvi Ô†Pv‡Li evwjÕ
Dcb¨vmwU cÖKvwkZ nq Z‡Zvw`‡b wZwb A‡bK¸‡jv mv_©K †QvUMí wj‡L †d‡j‡Qb, Ges Mí
†jLvi †mB †RvqviKvj cvi K‡i G‡m‡Qb| g‡b wK nq bv, Dcb¨v‡mi †P‡q M‡íB wZwb †ewk
¯^v‪Q‱`¨‡eva K‡i‡Qb, hvi djÑ cuvP eQ‡i 44wU Mí!
Av‡iKwU cÖm½I †Zvjv ìKvi| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ iex‱`ªbv‡_i Av‡M †QvUMí iwPZ
nqwb e‡j †h aviYvwU mvavi‡Y¨ cÖPwjZ Av‡Q, †mwU me©vs‡k mZ¨ bq| 1892 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ
b‡M‱`ªbv_ ¸‡ßi ÔmsMÖnÕ Ges GKB eQ‡i cÖKvwkZ ¯^Y©Kzgvix †èxi Ôbe Kvwnbx ev †QvU †QvU
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MíÕ eB `y‡UvB evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g MíiPbvi †Póv| Z‡e GB `yB †jLK nq‡Zv M‡íi
wkíg~‡jï e¨vcv‡i Lye †ewk wbwðZ wQ‡jb bv, Avw½K m¤^‡ÜI mywbw`©ó †Kv‡bv wm×v‡‰‭
†cu․Qv‡Z cv‡ibwb e‡jB g‡b nq| Zey Zuv‡ì bvg D‡jøwLZ nIqvi `vwe iv‡L GRb¨B †h,
ZuvivB cÖ_g GB wkígva¨gwU wb‡q wP‰‭v K‡iwQ‡jb| iex‱`ªbv‡_i wecyj cÖfv‡ei Kv‡Q Zuvi
mgmvgwqK cÖvq mevi bvgB Wy‡e †M‡Q, d‡j GB `yRbI h_v_© gh©v`v cvbwb|
iex‱`ªbv_ GB wkígva¨gwUi K_v †Kb-Kxfv‡e †f‡ewQ‡jb †mB cÖ‡k′i myivnv Kiv
mnR bq| Zuvi †Zv †Kv‡bv c~e©-HwZn¨ wQj bv, m¤ú~Y© wbR D‡`¨v‡M GKwU bZzb wkígva¨‡gi
Rb¥ †`qv †Zv KwVb e¨vcvi| wZwb GUv m¤¢eci K‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb Kxfv‡e? wZwb wK
wek¦mvwn‡Zï †QvUMí m¤^‡Ü AewnZ wQ‡jb, †mm‡ei cÖfve wK Zuvi Ici c‡owQj?
iex‱`ªbv‡_i wPwVc‡Î, Av‡jvPbvq, iex‱`ªbv_‡K wb‡q wewfb′ ¯§„wZK_vq GB Z_¨ wbwðZfv‡eB
Rvbv †M‡Q †h wZwb †Mv‡Mvj, †PKf, Uz‡M©wbf, Uj÷q, †MvwK©, `¯‭‡qfmwK, †gvcuvmv,
evjRvK, duªvm, ¯‥U, wW‡KÝ, Aviwfs, A¨vjvb †cv, gvK© †Uv‡qb cÖg‡y Li M‡íi m‡½ Mfxifv‡e
cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| GgbwK Kv‡iv-Kv‡iv Mí wZwb ixwZg‡Zv `vM w`‡q c‡owQ‡jb! ZvQvov
wb‡Ri evwo‡Z `v`v †R¨vwZwi‱`ªbv_ VvKzi wbqwgZ Mí c‡o †kvbv‡Zb e‡j Zuvi ¯§„wZK_vq
D‡jøL Av‡Q| me wgwj‡q evsjvq †Kv‡bv Mí bv-†c‡jI wek¦mvwn‡Z¨ Mí wb‡q hv hv nw‪Qj
†mwU wZwb fv‡jv K‡iB Rvb‡Zb| †QvUM‡íi wkí‡K․kj m¤^‡ÜI Zuvi aviYv wQj cwi®‥vi|
mvwn‡Zï cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q iex‱`ªbv‡_i Mí m¤^‡Ü ejvUv evZzjZv gvÎ| iex‱`ªbv‡_i
Mvb m¤^‡Ü GKRb fviZxq †jLK, AwgZ †P․ayix, GKevi g‰‭e¨ K‡iwQ‡jbÑ Ôiex‱`ªbv_
m¤ú‡K© GiKg ejv nq †h cÖwZwU fve, cÖwZwU Abyf~wZ, hv GKRb evOvjx mviv Rxe‡b Abyfe
K‡i‡Q Zv meB wZwb Zuvi Mv‡b cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| wK‰‧ Avwg G QvovI AviI wKQy Abyfe KwiÑ
Av‡jvi cÖwZwU Wy‡e hvIqv Ges †f‡m IVv, cw_‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨KwU c_, †fv‡ii dzj, hv †mB c‡_
c‡owQj Avi ARvwb‡Z cw_‡Ki cv‡qi AvNv‡Z G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q †M‡Q, cÖ‡Z¨K nvIqv,
cÖ‡Z¨K g„`y evZvm hv `xcwkLv‡K wePwjZ K‡iÑ G mg¯‭B iex‱`ªbv‡_i Mv‡b †Mvcb RvqMv
wb‡q Rxe‰‭ n‡q D‡V‡Q|Õ iex‱`ªbv‡_i Mí m¤^‡ÜI †eva nq GKB K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| GZ
welq-•ewPÎ¨, GZ wfb′ wfb′ PwiÎ; Abyf~wZi GZ e¨vcK wewfb′Zvi eënvi Zuvi M‡í N‡U‡Q
†h, Gi Zzjbv †gjv KwVb|
iex‱`ªbv‡_i M‡íi GK cÖavb Ask Ry‡o Av‡Q cÖK…wZ, cÖK…wZi m‡½ gvby‡li m¤úK©,
gvby‡li AvPi‡Yi Ici cÖK…wZi cÖfve BZ¨vw` (†hgbÑ †cv÷gv÷vi, GKivwÎ cÖf„wZ)| wKQy
M‡íi g~j welq †cÖg (†hgbÑ `yivkv, mgvwß, gvj¨`vb, GKivwÎ, bóbxo cÖf„wZ)| Z‡e Gi
†Kv‡bvwUB Avwg-Zzwg, Zzwg-Avwg gvK©v †cÖ‡gi Mí bq, eis Gme M‡í RwUj gvbePwi‡Îi
D‡b¥vPb Av‡Q, Av‡Q gvbeg‡bi inm¨gq AvPvi-AvPi‡Yi wkwíZ cÖKvk| w`w`, cYi¶v,
gv÷vigkvB, †k‡li ivwÎ, kvw¯„, ivmgwYi †Q‡j BZ¨vw` M‡íi g~j welq cvwievwiK m¤úK©
(kirP‡‱`ªi Ici wK GBme M‡íi cÖfve c‡owQj?)| wKQy M‡í Avevi mvgvwRK ms¯‥vi I
cÖ_v‡K e¨½-we`ªƒc Ki‡ZI Qv‡obwb wZwb, (†hgbÑ cÖvqwðË, AcwiwPZv, ¯¿xi cÎ, bvgÄyi,
GKwU Avlv‡p Mí, m¤úwË mgc©Y BZ¨vw`)| Ôwbwk‡_Õ ÔgwYnvivÕ Ô¶zwaZ cvlvYÕ AwZcÖvK…Z
Mí| iex‱`ªbv‡_i M‡í GKUv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ RvqMv `Lj K‡i Av‡Q wkï-wK‡kviiv| KL‡bv
wZwb wK‡kvi‡ì †PvL w`‡q c„w_ex‡K †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, KL‡bv-ev Zv‡ì †Pv‡Li †fZ‡i †h
jyKvwqZ RMr Avi ¯^c′ Zvi Qwe AuvK‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| KL‡bv nq‡Zv Zv‡ì †Pv‡LB c„w_ex‡K
†`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Zuvi cvVK‡K| Gme M‡í wK‡kviivB cÖavb PwiÎ, †hgbÑ AwZw_, QzwU,
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ejvB cÖf„wZ| Avevi †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv M‡í •K‡kvi †_‡K †h․e‡b DËi‡Yi †h inm¨gq µvw‰‭
Kvj Zv‡K eyS‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, †evSv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb; †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Qb GB eqtmwÜKv‡ji A‰‭M©Z
Avb‱` I †e`bv, myL I `ytL; †hgbÑ mgvwß ev †cv÷gv÷vi| ïay ZvB bq, KL‡bv wZwb
†`wL‡q‡QbÑ wkï‡ì Kg©KvÊ Kxfv‡e wbq‰¿Y K‡i e‡ov‡ì Rxeb I RMr, D‡b¥vPb K‡i
G‡KKRb eq¯‥ gvby‡li A‡Pbv iƒc I •ewkó¨, Kxfv‡e wb‡R‡ì ARv‡‰‭B cÖavb PwiÎ n‡q
I‡V wkïiv; †hgb †LvKveveyi cÖZ¨veZ©b ev KveywjIqvjv|
iex‱`ªbv‡_i M‡íi welq-PwiÎwPÎY-wbg©vY‡K․kj m¤^‡Ü D¾¡jKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii
GKwU g‰‭e¨ D×…Z KiwQ
ÔMí¸‪Q Avgv‡ì MÖvg I kn‡ii meiKg gvby‡li cwiPq w`‡q‡Q| Rwg`vi, ga¨weË
I kªgRxex gvbyl †KD evwK †bB| Ges Amv¤cÖ`vwqK D`vi wkí‡eva memg‡qB KvR
K‡i‡Q| gvby‡li †m′n-ggZv-evrmj¨, wbtm½Zv, h‰¿Yv, Drcxob, AZ¨vPvi, we‡`ªvn,
gyw³‡Póv I AvZ¥m‡PZbvi wewPÎ ¯ vb Zuvi M‡í Av‡Q| Av‡Q bvixi h‰¿Yv, mg‡eZ
AvZ¥Z¨vM, cÖwZev` I gyw³i Qwe, †`nMZ mZxZ¡‡K †V‡j w`‡q fqsKi ¯^vZ‡‰¿¨
ùvovevi †Póv|...M‡íi eY©bvfw½‡ZI iex‱`ªbv_ bvbviKg •ewPÎ¨ G‡b‡Qb| KL‡bv
e³v-†jLK, KL‡bv AvZ¥K_‡bi fw½, KL‡bv e³v-†jLK †_‡K ïi  K‡i‡Qb c‡i
bvqK AvZ¥K_‡b P‡j †M‡Q, KL‡bv wKQyUv eY©bv, wKQyUv wPwV, KL‡bv bvU¨Kv‡ii
†jLv, KL‡bv ev d¨v‱Uvwm ev iƒcK_vi Q‡j mvgvwRK cÖ_v ev †Kv‡bv AgvbywlK cÖe„wËi
w`‡K c‡qw‱Us wd½vi|Õ
g‡b wK n‡‪Q bv, wcÖq cvVK, GL‡bv Avgv‡ì M‡í cÖavbZ GB welq¸‡jvB PwP©Z n‡q
_v‡K?
iex‱`ªbv‡_i ci cÖfvZKzgvi-kirP‱`ª-cÖg_ †P․ayixi nvZ †cwi‡q, K‡jøvj †Mvôxi
Ôwe‡`ªvnxÕ Zi Y‡ì cÖwZfv`xß m„wókxjZv Avi wZwi‡ki †jLK‡ì AmvaviY †øn¯úk© I h‡Z′
evsjv M‡íi eo n‡q IVv| wek kZ‡Ki ïi  †_‡K Pwjøk `kK evsjv †QvUM‡íi GB ¯^Y©mg‡q
KZfv‡eB-bv Gi euvK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q!
iex‱`ªbv‡_i Av‡MB b‡M‱`ªbv_ ¸ß Ges ¯^Y©Kzgvix †èx Mí wjL‡Z ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb †m
K_v Av‡MB e‡jwQ| cieZ©xKv‡j ¯^Y©Kzgvix †èxi †Kv‡bv avivevwnKZv Avgv‡ì †Pv‡L bv-
co‡jI GLb ch©‰‭ b‡M‱`ªbv_ ¸ß A‰‭Z GKwU wel‡q wcZ…cyi ‡li gh©v`v `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡ib|
†mwU nj evsjv inm¨Mí ev †Mv‡q‱`vMí| wZwbB cÖ_g GB ai‡bi Mí wjL‡Z ïi  K‡ib|
nq‡Zv †m¸‡jv Lye †ewk wkímdj wQj bv, wK‰‧ cieZ©xKv‡ji GB avivi †jLKiv wbðqB
Zuvi Kv‡Q FY ¯^xKvi Ki‡eb| cieZ©xKv‡j wcÖqbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq, cuvPKwo †`, †n‡g‱`ªKzgvi
ivq, kiwk‱`y e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq Ges Av‡iv c‡i mZ¨wRr ivq GB ai‡bi Mí iPbvq mvdj¨
†`wL‡q‡Qb|
GKBfv‡e •Î‡jvK¨bv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq e¨½Mí ev m¨vUvqviag©x M‡íi RbK wn‡m‡e
AwfwnZ n‡Z cv‡ib| ÔWgi PwiZÕ Zuvi weL¨vZ MÖ‰  Avi Wgi ai GLb ch©‰‭ ayiÜi, PvjevR,
avàvevR PwiÎ wn‡m‡e evsjv M‡í AcÖwZØ‱Øx n‡q Av‡Q| cieZ©xKv‡j cÖg_ †P․ayix, myaxiÄb
gy‡Lvcva¨vq, •mq` gyRZev Avjx, my‡i‱`ªbv_ gRyg`vi, †K`vibv_ e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq cÖgLy LvwbKUv
m¨vUvqviag©x Mí wj‡L `„„wó AvKl©Y K‡iwQ‡jb, hwÌ Gi me‡P‡q mdj cÖ‡qvM N‡U
52
ciïiv‡gi M‡í| ciïivg Aek¨ bvbvw`K †_‡KB Zx¶è m‡PZbZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| mbvZb
g~j¨‡ev‡a wek¦vmx GB †jLK GKmgq i½-e¨‡½i ga¨ w`‡qB mgvRZvw‰¿K ivRbxwZ‡K
Zxeªfv‡e AvNvZ K‡i‡Qb| nvmïmvZ¥K Mí iPbvq wkeivg PµeZ©xi mvdjÏ wQj
Zz½¯úk©x|
iex‱`ª mgmvgwqKKv‡j cÖfvZKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq LyeB cvVKwcÖqZv †c‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi
wQj ¯^í cwim‡i Mí Rwg‡q †djvi `¶Zv, welq-•ewP‡Î¨ iex‱`ªbv_‡KI Qvwo‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb
wZwb, nvm¨-†K․Zz‡Ki m‡½ gvby‡li cÖwZ GK Mfxi ggZvi †gjeÜb NwU‡q wZwb cvVKü`q
Rq K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi K_K fw½wUI j¶ Kivi g‡Zv| Zuvi M‡í, cvV‡Ki †K․Z~n‡ji K_v
we‡ePbv K‡i wewfb′ wel‡q e¨vL¨v`v‡bi GKUv cÖeYZvI †Pv‡L c‡o| cieZ©xKv‡j †jLKiv
GB welqwU‡K cy‡ivcywifv‡e cvV‡Ki Ic‡iB †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb| GgbwK, †h-†Kv‡bv Z_¨, †nvK
Zv `yj©f, eënvi Ki‡jI †jLKiv GLb Avi Zvi e¨vL¨v ev cwiwPwZ w`‡Z evaëvaKZv †eva
K‡ib bvÑ cÖfvZKzgvi hv Ki‡Zb| cieZ©xKv‡j •eVwK X‡Oi M‡í ciïivg Ges cÖg_bv_
wekx PgrKvwiZ¡ †`wL‡qwQ‡jb|
cÖfvZKzgv‡ii ci evsjv mvwn‡Zï Av‡iK we¯§qRvMvwbqv wkíx kirP‱`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq|
Zuvi AfvweZ cvVKwcÖqZvi welqwU wb‡q fveevi AeKvk Av‡Q| Zuv‡K D‡c¶v KivUv GLb
GKwU d¨vkb n‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q, wK‰‧ whwb cÖvq GK kZvãx a‡i GKwU fvlvi Avcvgi
cvVK‡Mvôx‡K †gvngy» K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ibÑ Zuvi ¶gZv m¤^‡Ü m‡‱`n Kiv P‡j bv| m¤¢eZ
evsjvmvwn‡Zï wZwbB cÖ_g Ges GLb ch©‰‭ AcÖwZØ‱Øx cvVKwcÖq †jLK| wZwb Zuvi
RxebKv‡jB †hgb GB RbwcÖqZvi ¯^v` †c‡qwQ‡jb, †Zgwb g„Zzï GB GZw`b ciI Zuvi
RbwcÖqZvq GZUzKz fvUv c‡owb| evsjv fvlvfvlx AÂ‡j m¤¢eZ Ggb GKwU evwoI Luy‡R
cvIqv hv‡e bv †hLv‡b GKRb-`yRb wkw¶Z †jvK Av‡Qb A_P kirP‡‱`ªi GKwU-`ywU †jLv
c‡obwb| GB we¯§qKi cvVKwcÖqZvi KviY Kx? GK_v mevB ¯^xKvi Ki‡eb †h, kirP‡‱`ªi
welq-wbe©vPb Ges eY©bvfw½‡Z Ggb GK Rv`y Av‡Q †h cvVK‡K Zv Av‡eMcÖeY K‡i
Zzj‡eB| Zuvi Mí-Dcb¨vm co‡eb Avi †Pv‡Li †Kv‡Y Rj Rg‡e bvÑ Ggb cvlvY-ü`q
cvVK GLbI evOvwj RvwZi g‡a¨ Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwb, nq‡Zv Ki‡eI bv! Zuvi †jLv c‡o IB
mgqI cvVKiv †Ku‡`‡Q, AvRI cvVKiv Kuv‡`, aviYv Kwi AvMvgx‡ZI Kuv`‡e| Rvwb, ARi-
Abo-c°‡Kk Aa¨vcKiv ùvZ-gyL wLuwP‡q ej‡ebÑ cvVK‡K Kuv`v‡bv †Kv‡bv †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨
n‡Z cv‡i bv, †KD Zv Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jI †mUv‡K †jL‡Ki mvdj¨ e‡j eY©bv Kiv DwPZ bq!
gvbwQ G K_v| wK‰‧ IB ùvZ-gyL wLPv‡bv eyw×RxexI †h kirP‡‱`ªi †jLv c‡o †Ku‡`‡Qb
(nq‡Zv wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡ì g‡Zv ev big g‡bi Zi Y-Zi Yx‡ì g‡Zv ev Rxebhy‡× civwRZ
cwiYZ eq‡mi wecb′ gvbylwUi g‡Zv †Ku‡` eyK fvmvbwb, wK‰‧ Zvi †PvL †h wf‡R D‡V‡Q †m
e¨vcv‡i Avwg kZfvM wbwðZ), Gi e¨vL¨v wK? †gvU K_vÑ cvVK †h ai‡biB †nvb-bv †Kb,
kirP‡‱`ªi †jLv †h Zvi †Kvgj Abyf~wZ‡K RvwM‡q †Zv‡j †mUv A¯^xKvi Kiv hv‡e bv| Avi
Zuvi mvdj¨ ILv‡bB| m¤¢eZ kirP‱`ªB cÖ_g †jLK whwb evOvwji Av‡eM-AvKv‫¶‫‬vi ¯ vb¸‡jv
m~¶fv‡e wPwýZ K‡i †m¸‡jv‡K wbcyY `¶Zvq eënvi Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| GKRb gvby‡li
†hgb wKQy ¯úk©KvZi we‱`y _v‡K, †mme we‱`y‡Z AvNvZ †c‡j GgbwK ¯úk© †c‡jI †m
Av‡eMcÖeY n‡q c‡oÑ †i‡M hvq, ¯§„wZKvZi nq, D‪Q¡wmZ nq, ev †PvL wf‡R I‡V; GKwU
RvwZiI †Zgb wKQy ¯úk©KvZi-Av‡eMwe‱`y _v‡K| †mB Av‡eMwe‱`y¸‡jv‡K wP‡b †bqv AZ¨‰‭
`yiƒn welq| kirP‱`ª n‡‪Qb wek¦mvwn‡Zï †mB weijZg †jLK whwb GKwU RvwZi †ZgbB
53
GKwU Av‡eMwe‱`y‡K Lye fv‡jvfv‡e kbv³ K‡iwQ‡jb Avi wb‡Ri KiY-†K․kj‡K †mB we‱`yi
AbyMvgx K‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb| wZwb †R‡b †d‡jwQ‡jb, wVK †Kvb we‱`y‡Z †UvKv co‡j evOvwji
†PvL AkÖ mRj n‡q I‡V| Avi GB RvwZi A‰‭M©Z cvVKiv Zuvi †jLvq wb‡R‡ì Av‡eM-
we‱`ywU‡K Avwe®‥vi K‡i e‡jB kirP‱`ª GLbI GZ wecyjfv‡e cwVZ nb| wZwb †h ïay
Av‡eM‡K Dm&‡K †èvi R‡b¨B wj‡L‡Qb GK_v ej‡jI Zuvi cÖwZ AwePvi Kiv n‡e| eis
cvwievwiK-mvgvwRK RxebcÖev‡ni `„këûj eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb, cÖ‡qvRbg‡Zv welq¸‡jv‡K wb‡q
cÖk′ DÌvcb K‡i‡Qb, evsjvi MÖvg, evsjvi cÖK…wZ Abycy‫‫‬L eY©bvq aiv c‡o‡Q Zuvi †jLvq,
mvgvwRK Kzms¯‥vi I AÜwek¦vm¸‡jv‡K wbg©gfv‡e AvNvZ K‡i‡Qb| Zey Avgvi g‡b nq, Zuvi
mvdj¨ wbwnZ Av‡Q evOvwji Av‡eM‡K PgrKvifv‡e aviY Kivi g‡a¨|
iex‱`ªbv_-cÖfvZKzgvi-kirP‡‱`ªi ci evsjv †QvUMí cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv euvK cwieZ©b
Kij K‡jøvj †Mvôxi Zi Y‡ì nv‡Z| Guiv wQ‡jb AvaywbK gb¯‥, Rxe‡bi †K¬`v³ wPý¸‡jvI
D‡c¶v Kievi welq bq Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q, bi-bvixi m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î kixiB †h me©vwaK f~wgKv
cvjb K‡iÑ GK_v ej‡Z wØav Ki‡jb bv Zuviv| g~jZ Zuviv wQ‡jb cvðvZ¨-`k©b cÖfvweZ
hyeKÑ gvK©mxq `k©b, d«‡q‡Wi †h․b-gb¯‭Ë¡, ¯^‡`‡ki gvwU‡Z ¯^vaxbZvKvgx hyeK‡ì
m‰¿vmev`x Av‡‱`vjb wbðqB Zuv‡ì‡K Av‡jvwoZ K‡iwQj| G mg‡q †cÖ‡g‱`ª wgÎ,
AwP‰‭¨Kzgvi †mb¸ß I ey×‡è emyÑ GB wZb cÖwZfvevb Zi ‡Yi m‡½ Ry‡UwQ‡jb
RM`xk ¸‡ßi g‡Zv GK Avðh© MíKvi| AviI wQ‡jb •kjRvb‱` gy‡Lvcva¨vq I gbxk NUK|
GKwU welq j¶ Kivi g‡ZvÑ evsjv M‡íi Rb¥ n‡qwQj GKRb Kwei nv‡Z, Avevi
cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv euvK cwieZ©‡b huviv AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb ZuvivI (†cÖ‡g‱`ª,
AwP‰‭¨Kzgvi, ey×‡è) mK‡jB Kwe! KvKZvjxq! n‡Z cv‡i| wK‰‧ Gi †Kv‡bv cÖfve wK
evsjv M‡í c‡o‡Q? Rb¥gyn~‡Z© Ges cÖv_wgK eq‡m Kwe‡ì nv‡Z PwP©Z n‡q‡Q e‡jB wK evsjv
M‡íi fvlvq M‡`ï LULUvwbi †P‡q KweZvi gvayh© S‡i c‡o? welqwU fveevi g‡Zv|
hv‡nvK, †cÖ‡g‱`ª wgÎ Rxe‡bi †K¬`v³ AwfÁZv, Ae¶q I nZvkvi g‡aÏ gvby‡li
m¤¢vebv‡K Luy‡R‡Qb, fvevjyZv‡K cÖkªq †`bwb †gv‡UB, PwiÎ-wPÎ‡Y wQ‡jb A¯^vfvweK iK‡gi
m‡PZb, cÖKi‡Y wm×n¯‭| Zuvi M‡íi welq I cÖKiY eûgvwÎKZvi cÖPzi wPý †i‡L †M‡Q|
bvbv †kªwY-†ckvi gvbyl, Zv‡ì Rxeb I ev¯‭eZv †hgb Zuvi M‡í RvqMv K‡i wb‡q‡Q †Zgwb
GK AZjcÖevnx †ivgvw‱UKZv Zuvi Mí‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Q gvayh©gq| Zuvi †Z‡jb‡cvZv Avwe®‥vi
MíwU Gi wbg©vY‣kjxi Kvi‡YB ZzjbviwnZ n‡q Av‡Q| Gi Av‡M ev c‡i Ggb Avi GKwU
MíI †jLv nqwb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨| Ôcyb′vgÕ Ô†MvcbPvwiYxÕ Ôïay †KivbxÕ Ô†÷vfÕ Ôf~wgK¤úÕ
Ôiwebmb µz‡mv †g‡q wQ‡jbÕ Ô†cvbvNvU †cwi‡qÕ ÔmvMi m½gÕ BZ¨vw` MíI Zuvi kw³gËvi
cwiPq †`q|
gvby‡li Ae‡PZb g‡bvRM‡Zi LuywUbvwU ey×‡è emyi Kj‡g D‡V AvmZ GK Avðh©
KzkjZvq, Avi Zuvi wQj †mB Amvgvb¨ fvlvgvayh©Ñ †h-†Kv‡bv †jL‡Ki Rb¨B hv Cl©vi e¯‧|
†mB ms¯‥viv‪Qb′ mgqwU‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb me‡P‡q weZwK©Z †jLK| AkøxjZvi Awf‡hv‡M
Zzgyjfv‡e Avµv‰‭ n‡qwQ‡jb ey×‡è| ÔcÖZ¨¶ Kvgµxovi wPÎÕ wZwb Auv‡Kbwb ÔwK‰‧ ¯^MZ
wP‰‭vq, m‡¤¢vM evmbvi eY©bvq Ges cÖvq kixi-†Quvqv fvlvi †h `ytmvnmx cix¶v wZwb K‡i‡Qb,
†m hy‡Mi kvjxbZv‡eva I i wP‡K †mB cy‫‫‬Lvbycy‫‫‬LZv Nv w`‡q‡Q|Õ Aek¨ gvby‡li †h․bRxeb
fvebvq evsjv M‡í ey×‡èB cÖ_g bb, Gi Av‡M b‡ikP‱`ª †mb¸ß Ges gYx‱`ªjvj emy G
wb‡q cix¶v-wbix¶v ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb| G `yRb‡K K‡jøvj †Mvôxi c~e©m~wiI ejv hvq| m¤¢eZ
54
evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ b‡ikP‱`ªB cÖ_g Ô†h․b-Av‡eM I Aciva gb¯‭‡Ë¡iÕ mv_©K wPÎ Zz‡j a‡ib|
•kjRvb‱` gy‡Lvcva¨vq cÖ_gev‡ii M‡í mdjfv‡e AvÂwjK fvlvi e¨nvi Ki‡Z ïi  K‡ib
Ges h‡_ó mvdj¨ AR©b K‡ib| Gi cÖfve wK Zvivk¼‡ii Ici c‡owQj? muvIZvj‡ì Rxeb
wb‡q wZwb †h Mí¸‡jv wj‡LwQ‡jb †m¸‡jv ZLb ch©‰‭ evsjv M‡í AcwiwPZ wQj|
cieZ©xKv‡j gnv‡k¦Zv †èx GB avivq cÖPzi KvR K‡i‡Qb| AwP‰‭¨Kzgvi †mb¸ßi Mí¸‡jvI
gb¯‭vwË¡KÑ †mB m‡½ Zuvi fvlv wQj ÔAvj¼vwiKÕ| mew`K w`‡qB Zuvi M‡íi eûgvwÎKZv
cvVK‡K `xN©Kvj a‡i gy» K‡i †i‡L‡Q|
RM`xk ¸ß wQ‡jb G mg‡qi GK Avðh© †jLK| GKRb †jLK Kxfv‡e mvivRxeb
a‡i ïay Rxe‡bi †K¬`v³-civwRZ-RNb¨-wbg©g-wbôzi A_©vr hveZxq †bwZevPK cwiYwZi K_v
GZ wb‡g©vn-wbivm³ fw½‡Z wj‡L †h‡Z cv‡ibÑ fve‡j AevK n‡Z nq| †cÖg I ggZv, ¯^c′
I m¤¢vebv, Av`k© I g~j¨‡eva, my¯ Zv I †m․‱`h©‡eva GBme hveZxq fv‡jv fv‡jv K_vevZ©v
Zuvi M‡í wPiw`bB wbg©gfv‡e D‡cw¶Z †_‡K †M‡Q| Zuvi Av‡M ev c‡i GBiKg Avcv`g¯‭K
•bivk¨gwÊZ †jL‡Ki K_v Avi g‡b c‡o bv| Ôwè‡mi †k‡lÕ Ôkkv¼ Kweiv‡Ri ¯¿xÕ
ÔAvw`K_vi GKwUÕ ÔKjw¼Z m¤úK©Õ GBiKg Av‡iv eû Mí Zuvi •bivk¨cxwoZ `„wófw½i
cwiPq †`q|
cÖKi‡Yi w`K †_‡K ebdzj †h PgrKvwiZ¡ †`wL‡qwQ‡jb, Zuvi Av‡M ev c‡i GiKgwU
Avi KL‡bv evsjv M‡í †`Lv hvqwb| AZ¨‰‭ msw¶ß cwim‡iÑ Ô†cv÷KvW© mvB‡RiÕ Gme M‡í
e¨½-we`ªƒc-cwinvm-Dcnv‡mi Q‡j wZwb Gu‡KwQ‡jb gvbeRxe‡bi cZb I gy‡Lv‡ki Qwe, ïay
AuvKvUzKzB, Avi wKQy bq| †Kv‡bv Bw½Z †bB, †Kv‡bv †¶vfI †bB †hb, ïayB †`wL‡q †`qv,
nq‡Zv cvVK‡K GKUz m‡PZb K‡i †Zvjvi g‡bvevmbvI †_‡K _vK‡e, Z‡e Zv cÖKU bq, ïay
GBUyKz Rvbv‡bvÑ GB n‡‪Q cZb I cvc|
GB mg‡qi Av‡iK †jLK gbxk NUK (hyebvk¦) Zuvi M‡í A‰‭R †kªwYi, we‡kl K‡i
Acivax e‡j cwiwPZ gvbyl‡ì wb‡q wbivm³ eY©bvq †hme Mí wj‡LwQ‡jb †m¸‡jv‡K ejv
hvq Ôwek-wZwi‡ki `k‡Ki KjKvZvi AmvgvwRK gvby‡li gvbweK `wjj|Õ cieZ©xKv‡j
mg‡ik emyi Ici GB Mí¸‡jvi cÖfve c‡owQj e‡j g‡b nq| me wgwj‡q GB mg‡qi
†jLKiv †hgb iƒp ev¯‭eZv‡K Zz‡j Avb‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †Zgwb †ivgvw‱UKZv‡KI wemR©b †`bwb|
ejv hvq, ev¯‭eZvi m‡½ †ivgvw‱UKZvi GKai‡bi mylg mg‰^q NUv‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb GB
mg‡qi †jL‡Kiv|
K‡jøvj †Mvôxi Av‡M-c‡i AviI K‡qKRb MíKv‡ii bv‡gv‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
Dc‡iv³‡ì g‡Zv GZUv Mfxi cÖfvewe¯‭vix bv n‡jI MíPP©vq huv‡ì Av‰‭wiKZvi Afve wQj
bv| Guiv n‡‪QbÑ b‡M‱`ªbv_ ¸ß, Rjai †mb, Ave`yj I`y`, KvRx bRi j Bmjvg,
`x‡bkiÄb `vk, gbx‱`ªjvj emy, g‡bvR emy, Ab′`vk¼i ivq, Gg`v` Avjx, Bg`v`yj nK
cÖgLy |
evsjv †QvUM‡íi BwZnv‡m GB mgqwU GK Amvgvb¨ m„wókxjZvq c~Y© n‡q D‡VwQj|
cÖwZfv`xß I †gavex Míwkíxiv Avmi Rgv‡jb GB mg‡qB| M‡o Zzj‡jb †QvUM‡íi mg„×
fyeb| K‡jøvj †Mvôxi †jLK‡ì Zzgj y mwµqZvi mg‡qB evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ‡ek NUj
Zvivk¼i, wef~wZf~lY I gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi|
G wZbRbB G‡K Aci †_‡K h‡_ó iK‡gi Avjv`v, wK‰‧ Zuviv mw¤§wjZfv‡eB †hb
•Zwi KiwQ‡jb GK mgMÖZvi †evaÑ G †eva gvbe¯^fve, mgvRRxeb I `vk©wbK Dcjwäi|
55
GKB mg‡q wµqvkxj Ab¨vb¨ †jL‡Ki cÖwZ kª×v †i‡LB ejwQ, GB wZb e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq
DËiKv‡j evOvwj cvVK‡K GZ Zzgj y fv‡e Av‡jvwoZ K‡i‡Qb †h, Gi Zzjbv †gjv fvi|
MíKvi wn‡m‡e Zvivk¼‡ii mvdj¨ Aek¨ Avgvi Kv‡Q Lye Cl©Yxq g‡b nq bv
(Dcb¨v‡m wZwb Gi †P‡q A‡bK †ek ¯^‪Q‱`wenvix, my`~icÖmvix I mdj), Zey wZwb cvVK‡K
bZzb GKwU Av¯^v` w`‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| MÖvgxY Rxeb‡K DcRxe¨ K‡iwQ‡jb wZwb, Zvi iƒcvq‡Y
h‡_ó g‡bv‡hvMxI wQ‡jb Ges cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb AvÂwjK kãvewj
AmvaviY GK KzkjZvq| Aek¨ AvÂwjK fvlv eënv‡i •kjRvb‡‱ì K_vI ¯§iY Ki‡Z
nq|
GB mg‡qi †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ wef~wZf~lY †hb LvwbKUv e¨wZµg| welqe¯‧ wn‡m‡e
wZwbI †e‡Q wb‡qwQ‡jb MÖvg‡KB, Zey Zvi MÖvg¸‡jv †hb GKUz Avjv`v| †mLv‡b Ø‱`-
msNvZgyLi ev¯‭eZvi †P‡q ÔQvqv-mywbweo MÖvgLvwbÕi wPÎB †ewk †Pv‡L c‡o| Zuvi m„ó
PwiÎ‡ì `vwi`ª¨ Av‡Q, Møvwb I civRq Av‡Q, wK‰‧ †eu‡P _vKvi †cÖiYvI Av‡Q| wbZ¨w`‡bi
†K¬`v³ Rxeb-hvc‡bi †P‡q Zuvi Kv‡Q e„nËi Rxeb‡evaB AwaK ¸i Z¡c~Y© wQj, d‡j Zuvi
PwiÎ¸‡jv †Kv‡bv-bv-†Kv‡bvfv‡e Zv‡ì mgm¨v¸‡jv cvk KvwU‡q †eu‡P _vKvi †cÖiYvq RvwiZ
nq| GK Mfxi ggZv I fv‡jvevmvq Zuvi PwiÎ¸‡jv wbwg©Z nq, MÖvg¸‡jv wPwÎZ nqÑ hv
cvVK‡K Avweó K‡i †Zv‡j|
iex‱`ªbv‡_i ci Gme D¾¡j †jLK‡ì nv‡ZB wbwg©Z nw‪Qj evsjv M‡íi eû-wewPÎ
fyeb| Gu‡ì cÖwZfv‡K †Kv‡bvfv‡eB A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bBÑ Avi Zuv‡ì cÖwZ †mB kª×v
†i‡LB wjLwQÑ gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi †gav-cÖwZfv-wkí‡eva-mgvR‡PZbv †h-†Kv‡bv
mvwnZ¨wkíxi †P‡q Cl©Yxqfv‡e e¨wZµgÑ A‰‭Z KwgDwb÷ cvwU©‡Z †hvM w`‡q ¶wZMÖ¯‭ nevi
AvM ch©‰‭ Zuvi wkí‡PZbv‡K Avgvi Kv‡Q Abb¨ e‡j g‡b n‡q‡Q| GZ ¯^í cwim‡i Zuvi
m¤^‡Ü g‰‭e¨ Kiv †_‡K m½Z Kvi‡YB weiZ †_‡K Avb‱` evMPxi GKwU g‰‭e¨ D×…Z KiwQÑ
ÔgvK©mxq A¤^q Ges weÁvb‡ev‡ai A‰^x¶v wb‡q hyMcr Ô†KbÕi DËi Luy‡R‡Qb
wZwb| cÖvq AvZ¥NvZx `ytmvn‡m †K¬`cw¼j Rxeb Quy‡q †Q‡b †`‡L‡Qb| †h
†PvivKzVywii i ×k¦vm gyn~‡Z© mnevmx Rxeb I †h․bZv ci¯ú‡ii UzwU wQu‡o
wb‡Z D`¨Z gvwb‡Ki mRvM Kj‡g Zvi PZz‡®‥vY D ¢vwmZ|... Zuvi M‡íi
GKwUB Zzjbv †hb h_v_© nq, Ag„ZÑ we‡li cv‡Î|Õ
K‡jøvj I e‡‱`vcva¨vqÎ‡qi c_ a‡iB G‡jv Pwjø‡ki `kK| MíKvi wn‡m‡e G‡jb my‡eva
†Nvl, †R¨vwZwi‱`ª b‱`x, b‡i‱`ªbv_ wgÎ, mZxbv_ fv`yox, bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq cÖgLy | Gi
ciciB G‡jb wegj wgÎ, †M․iwK‡kvi †Nvl, wegj Ki, mg‡ik emy, k¨vgj M‡½vcva¨vq
cÖgLy | my‡Li welqÑ GB mgqKv‡jB evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwnZ¨ I wkíi wP wbg©v‡Yi cÖv_wgK
`vwqZ¡ wb‡jb •mq` IqvjxDjøvn, Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, kIKZ Imgvb, Avey BmnvK, mi`vi
R‡qbD``xb, gvneye-Dj-Avjg, Avey i k`, †mv‡gb P‱`, Avey Rvdi kvgmywÏb, kv‡n`
Avjx, ikx` Kixg, kvgmywÏb Aveyj Kvjvg cÖgLy |
GKwU welq D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRbÑ Ô40 `k‡Ki AvM ch©‰‭ evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨
c~e©e‡½i gvbyl I Zv‡ì Rxeb cÖvq D‡cw¶ZB wQj| we‡kl K‡i evOvwj gymjgvb Rb‡Mvôxi
†Kv‡bv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dc¯ vcbv GB mg‡q †Pv‡L c‡o bv| AwP‰‭¨Kzgvi †mb¸ß, Rjai †mb,
Ave`yj I`y`, Gg`v` Avjx, Bg`v`yj nK cÖg‡y Li †jLvq gymjgvb RbRxe‡bi wPÎ LvwbKUv
56
aiv co‡jI mgMÖ evsjv K_vmvwn‡Zï Zzjbvq Zv wQj wbZv‰‭B AwKwÂrKi, Aby‡jøL‡hvM¨|
A‰‭Z GB mg‡qi †jLv co‡j evOvwj RvwZi A‡a©K Ask‡K Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bvÑ †hb
Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv Aw¯‭Z¡B †bB| Gi KviYI nq‡Zv wQj| gymjgvb Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ †_‡K †Zgb
†Kv‡bv kw³gvb K_vwkíx Ô40 `k‡Ki Av‡M AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡ibwb, Ab¨ huviv wQ‡jb Zuv‡ì
Kv‡Q GB Rb‡Mvôxi RxebvPiY, fvlv, wek¦vm, ms¯‥vi meB A‡Pbv wQj| GKwU ÔjvjmvjyÕ
†jLvi Rb¨ •mq` IqvjxDjøvB †hvM¨Zg †jLK, GgbwK gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi c‡¶I †mUv
†jLv m¤¢e wQj bv| †Zv, Ô40 `kK †_‡K c~e©evsjvi gvbyl Ges we‡kl K‡i evOvwj gymjgvb
Rb‡Mvôx wb‡R‡ì Qwe †`Lv ïi  Kij evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨| GB w`K †_‡K mgqwU evsjv
K_vmvwn‡Zï Rb¨ Av‡iKwU Uvwb©s c‡q‱U| Avi GB euvK †divi gyn~‡Z©, Pwjøk `k‡Ki †mB
wen″j mg‡q, evOvwj gymjgvb hLb AwZµg Ki‡Q GK Af~Zc~e© µvw‰‭KvjÑ wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i
Avwdg †L‡q fyj ¯^‡c′ †g‡Z IVv GK weåv‰‭ Rb‡Mvôxi ¯^c′-Kíbv I Avkv-AvKv‫¶‫‬v, ms¯‥vi,
g~j¨‡eva I RxebvPi‡Yi mwPÎ mPj Dc¯ vcbvi `vwqZ¡ wb‡qwQ‡jb nv‡Z-†Mvbv K‡qKRb gvÎ
mvwnZ¨Kg©x| KweZv I K_vwk‡í GB cÖ_g GKm‡½ K‡qKRb †gavex, A½xKvive×, m„wókxj,
AvaywbK-gb¯‥ Zi Y cvIqv †Mj GB AÂ‡jÑ huv‡ì bvg GKUz Av‡MB D‡jøL K‡iwQ||
Gu‡ì wQj Cl©v Kivi g‡Zv DËivwaKvi m~‡Î cÖvß Mí-Dcb¨vm m¤¢vi, wK‰‧ A¯^xKvi Kiv hv‡e
bvÑ Zuv‡ì mvg‡b Lye Mfxi GKwU mgm¨vI wQj| GKwU bZzb ivóª Avi Zv‡K wN‡i M‡o-IVv
¯^c′, gvby‡li RxebvPi‡Y be¨ iv‡óªi bZzb ai‡bi Lei`vwi f~wgKvq m„ó Ø‱Ø I msNvZ GZ
mn‡R iƒcvqY Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv| ZvQvov, †h‡nZz G AÂ‡ji gvbyl, we‡kl K‡i evOvwj
gymjgvb, GZw`b ch©‰‭ evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †gvUvgywUfv‡e D‡cw¶ZB wQj, d‡j G‡¶‡Î †Kv‡bv
HwZ‡nï fvMx`vi Zuviv n‡Z cv‡ibwb| Z‡Zvw`‡b evsjv Mí Zvi •kke-•K‡kvi †cwi‡q
m¤¢vebvgq I †``xc¨gvb Zi Y wn‡m‡e Avwef~©Z n‡q‡Q| GB mgqKv‡j huviv G‡jb †cQ‡b
wd‡i ZvKvevi †Kv‡bv c_B Zuv‡ì †Lvjv wQj bvÑ mvg‡bB wQj Zuv‡ì `„wó| Gu‡ì M‡íi
wkí‡PZbv, Rxeb‡eva I mvwnZ¨g~j¨ †mB cÖmvwiZ `„wófw½iB cwiPq †`q|
Ges evsjv‡`‡ki Mí
iex‱`ªbv_ †_‡K ïi  K‡i wZwi‡ki `kK ch©‰‭ evsjv †QvUM‡í hv-wKQy KvR n‡q‡Q, †mB
DËivwaKvi‡K aviY K‡iB Pwjø‡ki `k‡K hvÎv ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb c~e©evsjvi Zi Y †jLKiv|
Zvici cÖvq lvU eQ‡ii BwZnvm| GiB g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki e¨w³, mgvR I ivóªxqRxe‡b
G‡m‡Q Mfxi I e¨vcK cwieZ©b| fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi g‡Zv Abb¨ BwZnvm I gyw³hy‡×i g‡Zv
Amvgvb¨ Z¨v‡Mi `„óv‰‭ m„wó n‡q‡Q| evOvwji Rb¨ m„wó n‡q‡Q GK c„_K Avevmf~wgÑ
evsjv‡`k| A_P GZ Z¨vM I msMÖv‡gi ciI †`kwU bvbvw`K †_‡KB AÜKv‡ii AZj Mn″‡i
wbgw¾Z| GZme eûwewPÎ AwfÁZvi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nqwb cwðgevsjvi †jLK‡ì| d‡j `yB
avivq cÖevwnZ evsjv mvwnZ¨ GLb wbwðZfv‡eB c„_K PvwiÎ¨-•ewkó¨ aviY K‡i‡Q| GB
iPbvq evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi †mB M‡o IVvi cÖwµqvwU LuyR‡Z †Póv K‡iwQ|
cÖv_wgKce©
cÖwZwU RvwZi Rxe‡b µvw‰‭Kvj Av‡m, Avi BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvqÑ KwZcq
Av‡jvKcÖvß gvbyl IB µvw‰‭Kv‡j wb‡R‡ì Kuv‡a Zz‡j †bb Ggb me `vwqZ¡ hv †mB RvwZi
fwel¨r Pjvi c_ •Zwi K‡i †`q| MZ kZ‡Ki 40-Gi `kK evOvwj gymjgv‡bi Rxe‡b wQj
57
†ZgbB GK µvw‰‭Kvj| †`kfv‡Mi †mB wen″j mg‡q †h KRb Av‡jvKcÖvß AMÖmi gvbyl
evOvwj gymjgv‡bi wkí‡eva, mvwnZ¨-†PZbv, `k©b wP‰‭v I RvwZmË¡vi ¯îƒc wbg©v‡Y AMÖYx
f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb •mq` IqvjxDjøvn Zuv‡ì Ab¨Zg Ges Aek¨B D¾¡jZi, m‡PZb,
my`~icÖmvix `„wófw½i AwaKvix I j¶¨gyLx| nvRvi eQ‡ii HwZn¨ I AvNv‡Z jvwjZ I wew¶ß
GB Rbc‡ì gvbyl¸‡jv Zv‡ì mg¯‭ ms¯‥vi I wek¦vm, msKU I m¤¢vebv, ¯^c′ I nZvkv,
A_©vr mg¯‭ BwZ I †bwZevPKZvmn GB cÖ_g VuvB †cj †Kv‡bv kw³gvb mvwnZ¨wkíxi m„wó‡Z|
GB cÖ_g †Kv‡bv †jLK cÖvq c~e©-HwZn¨ QvovB G‡ì‡K Zuvi wP‰‭v I ¯^c′ I m„wói A‰‭M©Z
K‡i wb‡jb| Zuvi Av‡M evOvwj gymjgvb †jL‡Ki g‡a¨ gxi gkviid †nv‡mb Ges KvRx
bRi j Bmjvg Qvov Avi †KDB GZUv kw³gËvi cwiPq †`bwb| evsjv K_vmvwnZ¨ hLb
ew¼gP‱`ª, iex‱`ªbv_, kirP‡‱`ªi hyM †cwi‡q gvwbK, wef~wZ, Zvivk¼‡ii Amvgvb¨ cÖwZfvq
D ¢vwmZÑ evOvwj gymjgvb ZLb iPbv Ki‡Q ÔAv‡bvqvivÕ ev ÔAvãyjøvnÕi g‡Zv Dcb¨vm!
mgKvj †_‡K G †h KZUv wcwQ‡q _vKv, fvev hvq bv| GB Ae¯ vi g‡a¨ •mq` IqvjxDjøvn
G‡m Rvwb‡q w`‡jb, evOvwj gymjgv‡bi wcwQ‡q _vKvi hyM †kl n‡q‡QÑ GLb †_‡K iwPZ
n‡e evsjv mvwn‡Zï bZzb BwZnvm! gvÎ wZb‡U Dcb¨vmÑ jvj mvjy, Kuv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`v I
Puv‡ì Agvem¨v, `z‡Uv MíMÖ‰ Ñ bqb Pviv I `yB Zxi, `y‡Uv bvUKÑ Zi½f½ I ewncxi,
ewÎkwU AMÖw‰ Z Mí, GKwU wK‡kvi bvUK I GKwU GKvw¼Kv Ges Av‡iv wKQy AMÖw‰ Z iPbv,
GB wb‡qB wZwb †h Avgv‡ì cÖavb †jLK, DËiKvj †h Zuv‡K eiveiB †`‡L‡Q kª×v I
we¯§‡qi †Pv‡LÑ Zvi KviY †Zv ïaygvÎ GB bq †h, wZwb ïayB GKRb K_vwkíx| wZwb eis
evOvwj gymjgvb‡ì K_vmvwnZ¨ PP©vi †¶‡Î cvjb K‡i‡Qb wcZ…cyi ‡li f~wgKv| evsjv
mvwn‡Zï Avengvb HwZn¨ I DËivwaKvi aviY K‡iI AwP‡iB wZwb ey‡S wM‡qwQ‡jbÑ
c~e©evsjvi gvby‡li Rxeb-hvcb, Zv‡ì ms¯‥…wZ I fvlv cwðge½xq Rxeb-hvcb, ms¯‥…wZ I
fvlv †_‡K †ek LvwbKUv Avjv`v| j¶¨gyLx wQ‡jb wZwb, m‡PZb †Zv e‡UB, d‡j Avgiv
†`L‡Z cvBÑ wefvM-c~e©Kv‡j cÖKvwkZ Zuvi cÖ_g Mí MÖ‡‰  eëüZ cwðge½xq fvlvixwZ
†_‡K wZwb m‡PZbfv‡eB wb‡R‡K mwi‡q G‡b‡Qb| wZwbB cÖ_gÑ AZ¨‰‭ mdjfv‡e Ges
wbcyY KzkjZvqÑ GZw`b ch©‰‭ mvwn‡Z¨ D‡cw¶Z G AÂ‡ji gvbyl‡K Zuvi mvwn‡Z¨ Zz‡j
Avb‡jb Zv‡ì †g․wjK I •`bw‱`b RxebvPiYmnBÑ GgbwK Zv‡ì gy‡Li fvlvwUI Avi
D‡cw¶Z iBj bv| Kx fv‡e Avgv‡ì fvlvixwZ, wµqvc‡ì eënv‡i Kxfv‡e cwieZ©b Avbv
hvqÑ Awej‡¤^ Gme wel‡q mywbw`©ó wm×v‡‰‭ DcbxZ n‡q GB AÂ‡ji Rb¨ wZwb •Zwi
K‡iwQ‡jb GK MÖnY‡hvM¨ fvlvixwZ Ges eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb msL¨vnxb AvÂwjK kã, hv Qvov
GB Rb‡Mvôxi RxebvPiY mwVKfv‡e †dv‡U bv, hv Zuv‡K cwðge½xq mvwnZ¨ HwZn¨ †_‡K
¯úóZB Avjv`v K‡i †djj| GRb¨ Zuv‡K †ci ‡Z n‡q‡Q GK i ¶, Agm„Y, `xN©c_| Zuvi
MímgMÖ co‡j A‰‭Z GK_vB g‡b nq| wb‡Ri M‰‭e¨ m¤^‡Ü wQ‡jb m‡PZb wZwbÑ †Kv_vq
wM‡q ùvov‡eb G wel‡q Zuvi †Kv‡bv wØav wQj bv, mskq wQj bv| cvwK¯‭vwb fvev`k© I
g~j¨‡ev‡ai hLb RqRqvKvi Pj‡Q G‡`‡k, G RvwZ‡K †KejB gymjgvb wn‡m‡e cwiPq
Kwi‡q †èvi †Póv Pj‡Q, ZLb wZwb evOvwj gymjgv‡bi evOvwjZ¡‡KB eo K‡i †`wL‡q‡Qb|
†`wL‡q‡Qb, GB AÂ‡ji Avengvb HwZn¨ I ms¯‥…wZi Qvqvq †e‡o-IVv RvwZwU ïay
gymjgvbB bqÑ evOvwjI e‡U| wZwb ZvB Zuvi cvVK‡ì‡K Ab¨vb¨ A‡b‡Ki g‡Zv Avie
gymwj‡gi †M․ie-Muv_v †kvbvbwb| •mq` IqvjxDjøvn wQ‡jb h_v_©B AvaywbK, mewKQy wgwj‡q
GB †h Rb‡Mvôx, wZwb Zv‡ì‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb cÖMwZ I mg„w×i c‡_|
58
MÖw‰ Z-AMÖw‰ Zmn •mq` IqvjxDjøvni MímsL¨v cÂvkwUi g‡Zv| mgvRm‡PZb
wQ‡jb wZwb, wiq¨vwjw÷K, c‡i Aw¯‭Z¡ev‡ì w`‡K †SuvK †`Lv w`‡jI, Zuv‡K G AÂ‡ji cÖ_g
mdj wiq¨vwjw÷K K_vwkíx ej‡j fyj nq bv| wK‰‧ GK RvqMvq †_‡g _v‡Kbwb wZwb|
Dcb¨v‡m †hgbÑ jvj mvjy I Kuv‡`v b`x Kv‡`vÕi g‡a¨ `y¯‭i eëavb, M‡íI ZvB| d‡j
bqbPvivÕq `ywf©¶cxwoZ wecb′ gvbyl †hgb Zvi M‡íi PwiÎ nj wKsev GKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi
Kvwnbx M‡í †`kfv‡Mi d‡j †kKonviv gvbyl, †Zgwb `yB Zxi M‡í †cÖgnxb msmviRxe‡bi
K¬v‰‭ gvbyl| Zuvi M‡o-IVvi cÖwµqvwU me‡P‡q fv‡jvfv‡e †Ui cvIqv hvq AMÖw‰ Z Mí¸‡jv
co‡j| evOvwj gymjgv‡bi bvbvwea RxebwPÎ Gme M‡í iƒcvwqZ, wK‰‧ †evSv hvqÑ KL‡bv-
KL‡bv †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bv wel‡q wZwb †hb wm×v‰‭nxbI| wVK Kxfv‡e GB Rb‡Mvôx M‡íi
welhe¯‧ n‡Z cv‡iÑ G wb‡q †hb †ek LvwbKUv wPw‰‭Z †`Lv hvq Zuv‡K| d‡j •PÎ w`‡bi GK
wØcÖn‡i, †Sv‡ov mÜ¨v, cÖv¯’vwbK, c_ †eu‡a w`j... BZ¨vwì g‡Zv `ye©j MíI Zuv‡K wjL‡Z
†`Lv hvq| Gme Mí IqvjxDjøvni †jLv fve‡Z Kó nq, wK‰‧ Avgiv hw` Zuvi mgqwU‡K
we‡ePbvi g‡a¨ Avwb, Zvn‡j nq‡Zv Gi GKwU e¨vL¨v ùvo Kiv‡bv m¤¢e n‡Z cv‡i| GKwU
Rb‡Mvôx‡K †h‡nZz cÖvq c~e©-HwZn¨nxbfv‡e wZwb Zuvi Mí Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‧ Ki‡Z
PvB‡QbÑ Gme cix¶v-wbix¶v Zuvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wQj| AZGe gvbyl Zvi msKU-m¤¢vebv-
civR‡qi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wPwÎZ nIqvi m‡½-m‡½ Zv‡ì e¨w³ Rxe‡bi m~² Abyfe, GgbwK
M`M` †cÖ‡gi cwi‡cÖw¶ZwUI Gj| IB GKB mg‡q wZwb wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb IBme `ye©j Mí,
Avevi Qvqv, Øxc, gvbyl, i³ I AvKvk cÖf„wZ A¨ve÷ªv± eY©bvmg„× aª c`x Mí, †h¸‡jv †h-
†Kv‡bv mgqKv‡j †h-†Kv‡bv ¯ v‡bi Rb¨B cÖ‡hvR¨| Gme M‡íi GKai‡bi wek¦Rbxb
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv| ¯^cœ †b‡e G‡mwQjÕ i g‡Zv A ¢yZ †cÖ‡gi Mí, I Avi
ZvivÕi g‡Zv dg© I fvlvm‡PZb †cÖ‡gi Mí, bKj, ¯^‡cœi Aa¨vqÕi g‡Zv bZzb †`kcÖvwßi
djkÖ wZ‡Z gvby‡li cwiewZ©Z ¯^c′ I AvKv‫¶‫‬vi Mí, gvwSÕi g‡Zv gvbe¯^fv‡ei PgrKvi
e¨vL¨vm¤^wjZ MíÑ GB iKg Av‡iv A‡bK ai‡bi welqfvebv I PwiÎ-wPÎ‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q wZwb
evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi Rb¨ GKwU PgrKvi fwel¨r M‡o w`‡jb| cieZ©x Rxe‡b Dcb¨v‡mi w`‡K
Suz‡K cov, cÖevmRxe‡bi d‡j †`‡ki mvwn‡Zï m‡½ GK ai‡bi †¯^‪Qv-wew‪Qb′Zv, I †jLvi
cwigvY Kwg‡q Avbvi d‡j Zuvi Mí PP©vq fvUv c‡o| Zey ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, evsjv‡`‡ki
K_vmvwn‡Zï fye‡b wZwb cvjb K‡i‡Qb wcZ…cyi ‡li f~wgKv| IB mgqKv‡j GZ m‡PZb,
j¶¨gyLx, I cÖwZfvevb †jLK Avi †Pv‡L c‡o bv|
•mq` IqvjxDjøvni K‡qKwU Mí †ek `ye©j I AMfxi| †hgb, mxgvnxb GK wbwg‡l,
•PÎ w`‡bi GK wØcÖn‡i, †Sv‡ov mÜ¨v, cÖv¯’vwbK, c_ †e‡a w`‡jv..., Abye„wË, mvZ †evb
cvi‚j, ¯^cœ †b‡e G‡mwQj, KvjPvi, es‡ki †Ri, g„Zz¨, mZxb, ¯^MZ cÖf„wZ| Gme M‡í
Avgv‡ì †Pbv IqvjxDjøvni fvlvf½x, FRyZv, gvbwmK Uvbv-†cv‡ob wbg©v‡Y `¶Zv,
m‡PZbZv, PwiÎ-wPÎ‡Yi KzkjZv, wkíg~‡jï e¨vcv‡i Zx¶è m‡PZbZv BZ¨vw` Lye GKUv
†Pv‡L c‡o bv| eis †Pv‡L c‡o nvjKv Pv‡j B‪Qvc~i‡Yi cÖeYZv, Pwi‡Îi Ici DrKU
Rxeb‡eva Av‡iv‡ci †PóvI LyeB `„wóKUzfv‡e mnRjf¨, Avi A ¢yZ Ag‡bv‡hvwMZv cvVK‡K
cÖvq wei³ K‡i †Zv‡j| Avevi wKQy Mí Av‡Q gvSvwigv‡bi| †hgb, †mB c„w_ex, civRq,
Lybx, i³, LÊ Puv‡ì eµZvq, `yB Zxi, cvMwo, gv‡jKv, wPiš„b c„w_ex, cÖej nvIqv I SvD
MvQ, †nv‡giv, ¯’vei, m~h©v‡jvK, Aemi Kve¨, ¯^‡cœi Aa¨vq, meyR gvV, bvbxi evwoi †Kjøv
cÖf„wZ| Gme M‡í wZwb Rxeb m¤^‡Ü †hb GKwU Kb‡mck‡b DcbxZ n‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, wb‡Ri
59
•ewkó¨¸‡jv‡K D¾¡j K‡i Zzj‡Z †P‡q‡Qb cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q; Rxeb I c„w_ex m¤^‡Ü, mgvR-
ms¯‥vi m¤^‡Ü bvbvwea cÖk′ DÌvcb K‡i cvVK‡K fvwe‡q Zz‡j‡Qb| g‡b nq †hb wZwb GwM‡q
P‡j‡Qb Zuvi FRy I `„p mse× fvlvixwZ I we‡kølYx ¯^fv‡ei w`‡K, hv w`‡q DËiKv‡ji mg¯‭
cvVK‡K Pg‡K †`‡eb| Avi Ab¨ Mí¸‡jv Mfxi Rxeb`k©bmg„× I Db′Z wkígvbm¤úb′Ñ
†hgb, bqbPviv, RvnvRx, g„Zz¨hvÎv, GKwU ZzjmxMv‡Qi Kvwnbx, MÖx‡®§i QywU, ¯„b, †Kivqv,
gwZbDwÏ‡bi †cÖg, gvbyl, Qvqv, Øxc, gvbwmKZv, I Avi Zviv, wbõj Rxeb wbõj hvÎv,
gvwS, bKj, i³ I AvKvk, bv Kv‡›` eyey cÖf„wZ| G¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bvwU me wgwj‡q m„wó
K‡i‡Q Rxeb m¤^‡Ü GK Mfxi `vk©wbK †eva, †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bvwUi iPbvixwZ I wbg©vY‡K․k‡ji
PgrKvwiZ¡ cvV‡Ki `„wó Kv‡o, †Kv‡bvwU Avevi DÌvcb K‡i wPi‰‭b cÖk′| Gi †h-†Kv‡bv
GKwU Kvi‡YB GKwU Mí wk‡ívËxY© n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i Ges cvVK ü`‡q `xN©¯ vqx cÖwZwµqv m„wó
Ki‡Z cv‡i| •mq` IqvjxDjøvni g„Zzï Av‡M cÖKvwkZ `y‡Uv MíMÖ‡‰  Zuvi gvÎ m‡ZiwU Mí
MÖw‰ Z n‡qwQj| aviYv Kwi, Zuvi AMÖw‰ Z Mí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jv wZwb wb‡RB evwZj K‡i
w`‡ZbÑ A‰‭Z Zuvi cÖKvwkZ MÖ‰ `y‡Uvi Mí wbe©vP‡bi w`‡K ZvKv‡j †m K_vB g‡b nqÑ wK‰‧
Amvgvb¨ wKQy Mí wZwb †Kb MÖ‰ fy³ K‡ibwb †mUv †evSv `vq| m¤¢eZ Mí¸‡jv‡K wZwb
LvwbKUv `jQyU e‡jB we‡ePbv Ki‡Zb| gvbyl, Qvqv, Øxc, i³ I AvKvk, bv Kv‡›` eyey cÖf„wZ
Mí Zuvi m¤^‡Ü cÖPwjZ aviYv cv‡ë †`q| Gme M‡íi Mfxi inm¨gqZv, Kzkwj cÖZxKgqZv,
Amvgvb¨ `vk©wbKZv, PgrKvi wbg©vY‣kjx Av‡Rv cvVK‡K AvcøyZ K‡i| Zvi RxebKv‡j MÖw‰ Z
Mí¸‡jv wVK Gme •ewkó¨‡K aviY K‡iwb| †Kv‡bv mywbw`©ó avivfy³ bv n‡jI g~jZ •mq‡ì
g‡bvwe‡køl‡Yi cÖeYZv MÖ‰ fy³ Mí¸‡jv‡Z †ek fv‡jvfv‡eB dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Zuvi PwiÎiv †h
†kªwY-†ckviB †nvK bv †KbÑ Zv‡ì •`bw‱`b Rxe‡bi wbg©g ev¯‭eZvi †P‡q Zuvi Kv‡Q Zv‡ì
gvbmRMZwUB AwaKZi ¸i Z¡ †c‡q‡Q| bqbPviv, RvnvRx, g„Zz¨hvÎv, GKwU ZzjmxMv‡Qi
Kvwnbx, MÖx‡®§i QywU, ¯„b, gwZbDwÏ‡bi †cÖg cÖf„wZ M‡í wZwb hZUv-bv ev¯‭eZv wbg©v‡Yi
KvwiMi, Zvi‡P‡qI †ewk g‡bvwe‡kølKÑ hwÌ Zuvi m¤^‡Ü cÖPwjZ aviYvwU wVK Gi D‡ëv|
Avevi ¯^‡cœi Aa¨vq M‡í GB RvwZ m¤^‡Ü Zuvi ivR‣bwZK fvebvi iƒcvqY †`wL| MíwU
iwPZ n‡qwQj cvwK¯‭vb cÖwZôvi ciciB, wK‰‧ †mLv‡b wZwb cvwK¯‭vwb fvev`‡k© jvwjZ
gymjgv‡bi K_v †kvbvbwb, †kvbvbwb Avie gymjgv‡bi †M․ie Muv_vI, G RvwZ‡K GKwU ¯^Z‰¿
RvwZ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡K ms¯‥vigy³, D`vi, cÖMwZkxj K‡i M‡o †Zvjvi ¯^c′ Zuvi G
M‡í aiv c‡o‡Q| Z‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i †bqv fv‡jv †h, Zuvi M‡í ivRbxwZ-fvebv ev m‡PZbZv
Lye myjf bq| eis Zuv‡K ejv †h‡Z cv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki cÖ_g Ges cÖavbZg `vk©wbK
K_vwkíx| Avi Zuvi M‡íi ¸i Z¡ GLv‡bB| gvby‡li g‡bvRM‡Zi bvbvwea Kvh©Kjvc Avi
`vk©wbK fvebvwP‰‭v iƒcvq‡Y Zuvi mvdj¨ cÖk′vZxZ| ejv †h‡Z cv‡i GK_vI, GKwU bZzb
†`‡k wZwb Ly‡jwQ‡jb K_vmvwn‡Zï GK bZzb ¯‥zj hvi fvlv-welq-`vk©wbK cÖZxwZ wQj Zuvi
c~e©m~wi‡ì †P‡q Avjv`vÑ AvR‡Ki evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwnwZ¨Kiv †mB ¯‥z‡jiB Mwe©Z QvÎ|
Avey BmnvKI Gmg‡qi ¶gZvevb MíKvi| Zuvi M‡í mgv‡Ri wbg′weË-kªgRxex-
msMÖvgx gvby‡li Rxebhvc‡bi m~²vwZm~² wPÎ Lye mdjfv‡e dz‡U DV‡Z †`Lv hvq|
†kªwYm‡PZb wQ‡jb wZwb, mvgvwRK •elg¨¸‡jv Lye fv‡jv ai‡Z cvi‡ZbÑ †RuvK-Gi g‡Zv
Ggb mdj cÖZxKx M‡íi gva¨‡g †kvl‡Yi me©MÖvmx iƒcwU‡K wPwýZ Kivi D`vniY evsjv M‡í
Lye †ewk †bB| gvÎ GKzk eQi eq‡m, 1946 mv‡j, wZwb iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb Zuvi weL¨vZ
Dcb¨vmÑ m~h-© `xNj evox| cÖKvkK bv †c‡q eQi cuv‡PK c‡i †j‡Lb in‡m¨vcb¨vm RvjÑ
60
wK‰‧ †mUv cÖKv‡ki Av‡MB m~h-© `xNj evoxi cÖKvk N‡U, Ges AwP‡iB cwiYZ nb †`‡ki
Ab¨Zg ¸i Z¡c~Y© †jL‡K| Gici Avi †cQb wd‡i ZvKv‡Z nqwb Zuv‡K| wK‰‧ †h-†Kv‡bv
Kvi‡YB †nvK, Lye †ewk mvg‡bI ZvKvbwb wZwb| †h cwigvY mwµqZv-mPjZv-wbiwew‪Qb′Zv
_vK‡j GKRb †jL‡Ki c‡¶ memgq cvVK Ges mnhvÎx I DËim~wi †jLK‡ì g‡bv‡hv‡Mi
†K‡‱`ª _vKv m¤¢e nq, Zv Zuvi wQj bv †Kv‡bvw`b| wZwb †h KZLvwb AwbqwgZ wQ‡jb, †mwU
Zuvi MÖ‰ ¸‡jvi cÖKvkKv‡ji w`‡K ZvKv‡jB †evSv hvq| 1955 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq Zuvi cÖ_g
Dcb¨vm m~h-© `xNj evox| Gici cÖ_g MíMÖ‰  nv‡ig 1962 mv‡j| wK‰‧ cvVKiv eBwUi gyL
†`Lvi Av‡MB Zv cy‡o bó n‡q hvqÑ GB msev` †jLK Avgv‡ì‡K Rvbv‡‪Qb eBwUi wØZxq
ms¯‥i‡Yi mgqÑ Kzwo eQi ci, 1982 mv‡j! Zv, GZw`b jvMj †Kb wØZxq ms¯‥iY n‡Z?
†jLK Rvbv‡‪QbÑ Zuvi Kv‡Q cvÊywjwcwUi †Kv‡bv Kwc wQj bv, AZGe bvbv RvqMv †_‡K
Mí¸‡jv †RvMvo Ki‡Z Ki‡Z wek eQi P‡j †M‡Q! cÖ_g MíMÖ‡‰ i GB cwiYwZi d‡jB
nq‡Zv wØZxq MíMÖ‰ wU GKUz ZvovZvwo Av‡jvi gyL †`‡LwQj| 1963 mv‡j GwUÑ gnvcZ½Ñ
cÖKvwkZ nq| Zvici `xN© GK weiwZ| 1982 mv‡j nv‡ig-Gi wØZxq ms¯‥iYÑ GK A‡_©
cÖ_g ms¯‥iYB, KviY GwUB cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q †c․u‡QwQj, Zvici 1986 mv‡j wØZxq Dcb¨vm
cÙvi cwjØxc| GwUi gyLe‡Ü †jLK Avevi Avgv‡ì Rvbv‡‪QbÑ Dcb¨vmwUi iPbvKvj 1960
†_‡K 1985! cuwPk eQi! GK A‡_© GwUB Zuvi †kl iPbv| KviY 1989 mv‡j Zvi
in‡m¨vcb¨vm Rvj cÖKvwkZ n‡jI GwU wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb †mB 50 `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K| Zuvi
†kl cÖKvwkZ MÖ‰ Ñ ¯§„wZ wewPÎv, cÖKvwkZ nq 2001 mv‡j| mvKz‡j¨ GB Zuvi iPbv| A_©vr
`y‡Uv Dcb¨vm, `y‡Uv MíMÖ‰ , GKwU in‡m¨vcb¨vm, GKwU ¯§„wZK_v| cÖvq lvU eQ‡ii `xN©
†jLKRxe‡b GB iPbvi cwigvY‡K Avgiv Kx ejeÑ mvgvb¨, bvwK bMY¨? Aek¨ †mB 60-
`kK †_‡KB wZwb GKwU eo KvR KiwQ‡jbÑ AvÂwjK evsjv Awfavb iPbvi KvRÑ g„Zzï
AvM ch©‰‭ †mwU AZ¨‰‭ ¸i Z¡ mnKv‡i K‡i †M‡Qb| GKwU K_v GLv‡b ejv ìKvi, Avey
Bmnv‡Ki `y‡Uv Dcb¨v‡miBÑ m~h-© `xNj evox I cÙvi cwjØxcÑ welqe¯‧ MÖv‡gi gvbyl, MÖvgxY
mgvR I Rxeb e‡j A‡b‡KiB aviYv †h, wZwb ïay MÖvg wb‡qB wjL‡Zb| welqwU cÖK…Zc‡¶
†miKg bq, M‡í wZwb KvR K‡i‡Qb wewea welq wb‡q| KL‡bv-KL‡bv welq wn‡m‡e G‡m‡Q
ag©xq Kzms¯‥vi wKsev wbg′‡kªYxi gvby‡li gvbweK AvPiY, KL‡bv-ev bvMwiK Rxeb| Zuvi `y‡Uv
MíMÖ‰ fy³ GKzkwU M‡íi g‡a¨ †RvK Ges AveZ©Ñ gvÎ GB `y‡Uv M‡í Zxeªfv‡e MÖvgxY Rxeb
G‡m‡Q| `v`xi b`x`k©b, kqZv‡bi Svo‬, †ev¤^vB nvRx BZ¨vw` M‡í MÖvgxY mgv‡Ri †`Lv
wgj‡jI G¸‡jvi g~j D‡Ïk¨ MÖvgxY mgvR I Rxe‡bi eY©bv bqÑ ag©xq Kzms¯‥v‡ii Rv‡j ew‱`
gvby‡li Mí ejv n‡q‡Q G¸‡jv‡Z| Ab¨w`‡K DËiY, Kvbvfyjv, we‡ùviY BZ¨vw` Mí
wbg′‡kªYxi gvbyl wb‡q †jLv n‡jI Zv‡ì •`bw‱`b Rxe‡bi eûwea msK‡Ui eY©bv †bB Gme
M‡í, i‡q‡Q mvaviY gvbyl‡ì g‡a¨ AmvaviY gvbweK †ev‡ai D‡b¥vP‡bi Mí| †hgb
Kvbvfyjv M‡í ag©xq Kzms¯‥v‡ii (cxicÖ_v, SvodzK, ZvweR-KeR BZ¨vw`) wei ‡× my‡K․kj
cÖwZev` D‪PvwiZ n‡q‡Q GK wiKkvPvj‡Ki gva¨‡g| wKsev DËiY M‡í GK cÖZviK `ya-
we‡µZvi †fZ‡i wcZ…‡m′‡ni D‡b¥vPb PgrKvi GKwU M‡íi gva¨‡g D ¢vwmZ n‡q D‡V‡Q|
Avevi ebgvbyl, cÖwZwe¤^, eY©‡Pvi cÖf„wZ M‡íi welqe¯‧ bvMwiK Rxeb| bvMwiK Rxeb wb‡q
Zuvi Mí¸‡jv MZvbyMwZK bqÑ kû‡i gvbyl I Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ jyKvwqZ fÊvwg I kVZvi
D‡b¥vPb i‡q‡Q †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bv M‡í, †Kv‡bv M‡í i‡q‡Q bvMwiK h‰¿Yvi PgrKvi weeiY| Z‡e
cÖvq me M‡íiB eY©bvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q GKUz †K․ZzKc~Y© `„wófw½i cwiPq| Avi GB eY©bvB Zuvi
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Mí‡K Dc‡fvM¨ K‡i †Zv‡j cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q| D`vniY wn‡m‡e ebgvbyl-Gi K_v ejv †h‡Z
cv‡i| MíwU 1947 mv‡j †jLv, KjKvZv kn‡ii cUf~wg‡Z| GK hyeK ebwefv‡Mi PvKwi
†Q‡o bZzb PvKwi wb‡q G‡m‡Q kn‡i, wØ¸Y gvB‡b I Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM-myweav wb‡q| MíwU‡Z
IB hye‡Ki fv‡l¨ iwPZ n‡q‡Q KjKvZv kn‡i Zvi GKwU w`b KvUv‡bvi AwfÁZvi K_v|
AZ¨‰‭ †K․ZzKc~Y© `„wó‡Z †jLK †`‡L‡Qb bvMwiK Kv‡U©wm, g¨vbvi, dg©vwjwUR BZ¨vw`‡K Ges
†K․ZzKc~Y© eY©bv‡ZB wZwb eywS‡q †`b, †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv BwZevPKZv †bB GB kn‡iÑ †KejB
AvZsK, h‰¿Yv, kÎ Zv! GB eY©bvi Kvi‡YB MíwU †ek Dc‡fvM¨ n‡q DV‡jI Avgv‡ì g‡b
†R‡M _v‡K kn‡ii GB wbôziZvi K_v| Avgv‡ì wZwb †`wL‡q †`b GB Rxe‡bi A‰‭wb©wnZ
A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zvi K_v, wbg©gZvi K_v, ewni‡½i PvKwPK¨ bq, Wyewy ii g‡Zv wZwb Mfxi †_‡K
Zz‡j Av‡bb kû‡i Rxe‡bi Møvwb| Møvwbgq GB Rxe‡bi wPÎ Av‡Q cÖwZwe¤^ M‡íI| †ek wKQy
M‡í Avey BmnvK ag©xq Kzms¯‥vi‡K Zxeªfv‡e we`ªƒc K‡i‡Qb †hgbÑ Kvbvfyjv, cÖwZ‡laK,
†ev¤^vB nvRx, kqZv‡bi Svo‬, mvexj BZ¨vw`| wK‰‧ G-ai‡bi M‡íi g‡a¨ `v`xi b`x`k©b
we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨| me¸‡jv M‡íB we`ªƒc Av‡Q e‡U, wK‰‧ Zv GZ m~²fv‡e, M‡íi g‡a¨
Ggb my‡K․k‡j Zv cÖweó †h, KL‡bv †m¸‡jv‡K Av‡ivwcZ ev D‪PwKZ e‡j g‡b nq bv,
†g‡mRwU cvIqvi m‡½ m‡½ wbQK GKwU Mícv‡Vi Avb‱Ì cvV‡Ki g‡b mgvbfv‡e †R‡M
_v‡K| `v`xi b`x`k©b M‡íi †g․jex `v`x Zvi lvU eQ‡ii Rxe‡b †Kv‡bvw`b b`x †`‡Lbwb|
Rxe‡bi †k‡l G‡m Zvi b`x †`Lvi my‡hvM N‡U, Avi GB wecyj DËvj engvb †mªvZavivB Zvi
Kvj nq, `v`x Amy¯  n‡q c‡ob Ges gviv hvb| b`x †hb GLv‡b engvb-Pjgvb-AMÖmi
Rxe‡bi cÖZxK, ag©xq Kzms¯‥v‡i ew‱` `v`xi m‡½ hvi †`Lv nqwb †Kv‡bvw`b| Avi hLb †`Lv
njÑ wZwb ZLb Zvi fvi mB‡Z cvi‡jb bv, Rxe‡bi BwZ NUj Zvi| cÖZx‡Ki eënvi ïay
GB M‡íB bq, AviI A‡bK M‡íB AZ¨‰‭ KzkjZvi m‡½ eënvi K‡i‡Qb Avey BmnvK| Zuvi
AwZ weL¨vZ Mí †RuvK ïay Gi AmvaviY cÖZxKgqZvi Kvi‡YB ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Q eûeQi
a‡i| fvMPvwliv †iv‡` cy‡o, e„wó‡Z wf‡R dmj djvq, wK‰‧ A‡a©KB w`‡q w`‡Z nq
gvwjK‡K| bvbvfv‡e Zviv cÖZvwiZ nq, Abyfe K‡iÑ †Ruv‡Ki g‡ZvB GivI Zv‡ì i³ Pz‡l
Lv‡‪Q| cvwbi g‡a¨ ùvwo‡q cvU †Zvjvi mgq †Ruv‡Ki i³ Pz‡l LvIqvi cÖZx‡K GB M‡í Avey
BmnvK GK Amvgvb¨ KzkjZvq †kªwYwef³ GB mgv‡Ri †kvl‡Yi wPÎwU Gu‡K‡Qb| MíwU‡Z
cvUPv‡li wewfb′ ch©v‡qi †h m~²vwZm~² eY©bv Av‡Q, †mUv GKgvÎ GKRb AwfÁ K…l‡Ki
c‡¶B †`qv m¤¢e| Avey BmnvK KZ Mfxifv‡e IB Rxeb‡K wPb‡Zb GB GKwU M‡íB Zvi
mv¶¨ i‡q‡Q| g‡b nq IB K…l‡Ki m‡½ m‡½ wZwbI Wye w`‡q †`‡L‡Qb cvU KvUvi `„k¨,
wKsev †K Rv‡b nq‡Zv wb‡RI †K‡U‡Qb Zv‡ì m‡½| Avey Bmnv‡Ki †`Lvi AZj¯úk©x †PvL
Avgv‡ì‡K GgbwU fvevi Rb¨ cÖjyä K‡i|
•mq` IqvjxDjøvn Ges Avey BmnvK `yRbB evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Zï BwZnv‡m
GKwU we‡kl Kvi‡Y ¸i Z¡c~Y© ¯ vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Qb| IqvjxDjøvni jvjmvjy Ges Bmnv‡Ki
m~h-© `xNj evox Dcb¨vm `y‡UvB cÖ_g evsjv mvwn‡Zï cvk †divi Bw½Z †`q| c~e©evsjvi †h
RbRxeb, we‡kl K‡i evsjvi gymjgvb Rb‡Mvôxi †h Rxeb GZw`b a‡i evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨
cÖvq D‡cw¶Z wQj, GB `y‡Uv Dcb¨vm †mB Rxeb‡KB DcRxe¨ K‡i Zz‡jwQj| mvwnZ¨fye‡b
bevMZ GB Rb‡Mvôx nvwRi n‡qwQj Zv‡ì bZzb ai‡bi Rxebc×wZ wb‡q| Zv‡ì fvlvI
wQj evsjvmvwn‡Z¨ bZzb, d‡j Awbevh©fv‡e Avw½KI cv‡ë wM‡qwQj| Gi Av‡M ch©‰ ‭ evsjv
mvwn‡Zï †Kv‡bv cvVK GB Rxeb cv‡Vi AwfÁZv cvbwb!
62
kIKZ ImgvbI GB mg‡qiB †jLK, cÖv_wgK c‡e©i mvwnZ¨PP©vq wZwbI cvjb
K‡i‡Qb ¸i Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv| Zuvi Rbbx Dcb¨vmwUI Õ40 `k‡K iwPZ I cÖKvwkZ, wK‰‧
jvjmvjy ev m~h-© `xNj evoxi g‡Zv kw³kvjx Dcb¨vm bq GwU| kIKZ Imgvb Avgv‡ì
mvwnZ¨fye‡b bvbv Kvi‡Y cÖfvekvjx n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb, Ab¨w`‡K Avey BmnvK wQ‡jb wbR©ZvwcÖq
†jLK, IqvjxDjøvni g„Zz¨ N‡U 1971 mv‡jB, d‡j kIKZ Imgvb GKvB eûw`b a‡i kvmb
K‡i‡Qb evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Zï RMrÑ hZUv bv Zuvi †jLvi kw³i Kvi‡Y, Zvi‡P‡q †ewk
ivR‣bwZK mswkøóZvi Kvi‡Y| µxZ`v‡mi nvwm Qvov Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dcb¨vm †hgb †bB,
†Zgwb Zuv‡K KL‡bv Avgvi Kv‡Q †QvUM‡íi wkíx e‡j g‡bB nqwb| cÖ_gRxe‡b iwPZ Zuvi
cyi‡bv Mí m¤^wjZ wbe©vwPZ Mí MÖ‰ wU LvwbKUv nZvkvB •Zwi K‡i| GK ev‡K¨ D‡jøL Kivi
g‡Zv Mí wZwb iPbv Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| hwÌ †KD †KD kIKZ Imgv‡bi bv‡gi m‡½ Ck¦‡ii
cÖwZØ›Øx‡K mgv_©K K‡i †`L‡Z Pvb, Zey Avwki `k‡K iwPZ G cÖZxKx MíwU‡KI Lye mdj
†Kv‡bv m„wó e‡j g‡b nqwb Avgvi| evsjv‡`‡ki †h mgqKvj wb‡q MíwU iwPZ †mB
cwi‡cÖw¶ZwU g‡b ivL‡j, M‡íi cÖavb Pwi‡Îi m‡½ GKRb ivR‣bwZK e¨w³‡Z¡i mvhyh¨ j¶
Kiv hvqÑ Df‡qB dzu w`‡qB †`k †_‡K evjv-gywmeZ `~i Ki‡Z Pvq| wK‰‧ M‡íi PwiÎwU‡K
A¯^vfvweK Ges weKviMÖ¯‭ wn‡m‡e Dc¯ vcb Ges cwiYwZ‡Z Zvi cÖk′‡evaK g„Zzï d‡j ¯^qs
eëüZ cÖZxKwUB cÖ‡k′i gy‡LvgywL c‡o hvq| kIKZ Imgv‡bi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi KviY m¤¢eZ
Zuvi Mí bqÑ evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Zï fye‡b me‡P‡q `xN©mgq a‡i cwiågY, µxZ`v‡mi
nvwmÕi g‡Zv Av‡jvwPZ Dcb¨vm, m‡e©vcwi Zuuvi ivR‣bwZK I eyw×Rxex fveg~wZ©Ñ Zuuv‡K
Ab¨Zg Av‡jvwPZ †jL‡K cwiYZ K‡i‡Q|
GB mg‡qi Av‡iKwU mdj M‡íi K_v cvVK‡ì g‡b co‡eÑ kv‡n` Avjxi
RxeªvB‡ji Wvbv| GB GKwU M‡íi Rb¨B kv‡n` Avjxi bvgwU evievi D‪PvwiZ nq| ejvi
A‡c¶v iv‡L bv, MíwU AZ¨‰‭ DuPzgv‡bi, wK‰‧ me wgwj‡q kv‡n` Avjx‡K Avgvi Kv‡Q
¸i Z¡c~Y© †jLK e‡j g‡b nq bv| GB MíwUi Av‡M-c‡i Av‡iv †ek wKQy Mí wjL‡jI †Zgb
mdj Mí Avi †bB Zuvi| mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK, RxeªvB‡ji Wvbv ev` w`‡j kv‡n` Avjx Avi kv‡n`
AvjxB _v‡Kb bv| Zuvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi KviYI ivR‣bwZK| †g․jev`x-cÖwZwµqvkxj †MvôxwU
Zuv‡K wb‡R‡ì gvbyl e‡j g‡b KiZ e‡jB Zviv GB †jLK m¤^‡Ü A‡bK D ¢U ZË¡ I Z_¨
cÖPvi K‡i‡QÑ GgbwK Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq‡ì g‡Zv kw³kvjx †jLK‡KI GB cÖPviYvq Ask
wb‡Z †`Lv †M‡Q!
Avey i k` Avgv‡ì cÖ_g MíKvi whwb bvMwiK ga¨weË Rxeb‡K welqe¯‧
K‡iwQ‡jb| 1938 I 1948 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ Zuvi cÖ_g `y‡Uv MíMÖ‰  ÔivRavbx‡Z SoÕ I ÔcÖ_g
†h․ebÕ-Gi Mí¸‡jv †ek †K․Z‚njÏxcK| Mí¸‡jvi cvÎcvÎxiv evOvwj gymjgvb Ges
bvMwiK ga¨weË| GBme M‡íi cyi lPwiÎ¸‡jvi cÖvq mevB †gvUvgywU D‪Pwkw¶Z,
†KvjKvZvevmx, PvKwiRxex, ¯§vU©, cÖvYe‰‭, AvaywbK Zi Y| ïay ZvB bq bvixPwiÎivI wkw¶Z,
¯§vU©, AvaywbK, AvZ¥m‡PZb, mg‡qi †P‡q GwM‡q _vKv Zi Yx| bvix-cyi ‡li m¤úK©I mnR,
gy³| †h mg‡q Gme Mí iwPZ n‡qwQj ZLb wbðqB gymjgvb ga¨we‡Ëi MociZv †Pnviv
Ggb wQj bv, Z‡e Gme Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ †jL‡Ki ¯^c′ I AvKv‫¶‫‬v aiv c‡o| wZwb nq‡Zv
gymjgvb bvMwiK ga¨weË‡K Gfv‡eB †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Aek¨ Zuvi cwiYZ eq‡mi †jLv
Mí¸‡jv‡Z Gm‡ei †`Lv †g‡j bv, eis A‡bK †ewk wkwíZ n‡q I‡V Zuvi Mí¸‡jv|
63
wc_v‡Mvivm, iè`j, Lvjvm, †eov, weKí †e‡n¯„, cvebv-ivRkvnx G·‡cÖm, `vnb, kvox
evox Mvox wKsev wQbZvB cÖf„wZ Mí Zuvi D¾¡j wkíKzkjZvi wb`k©b n‡q Av‡Q|
ikx` Kixg Dcb¨v‡m AmvaviY mvdj¨ †`Lv‡jI M‡í †Zgb ¯^‪Q‱` bb| Zuvi Avgvi
hZ Møvwbi g‡Zv Dcb¨vm Lye †ewk †jLv nqwb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨| GZ DBU-wnDgvi-m¨v‡Uqvi
m¤^wjZ eY©bv mn‡hv‡M Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i Abycy‫‫‬L wPÎvqY mwZ¨B `yj©f| Zuvi DËg cyi‚lI
bvbv Kvi‡YB ¸i Z¡c~Y© Dcb¨vm wK‰‧ M‡í wZwb †Zgb g‡bv‡hvMx wQ‡jb bv e‡jB nq‡Zv Zuvi
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv Mí †bB|
eq‡mi w`K †_‡K Dc‡iv³‡ì †P‡q GKUz AMÖR Avey Rvdi kvgmywÏbI Lye ¸i Z¡c~Y©
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Qb| e¨w³ I mgvR m¤^‡Ü, ivóª I ivRbxwZ m¤^‡Ü, Rxeb I c„w_ex m¤^‡Ü
Zuvi D`vi-Amv¤cÖ`vwqK-¯^‪Q-gy³-cÖMwZkxj `„wófw½i cwiPq Zuvi cÖe‡Üi g‡Zv M‡íI
†i‡L‡Qb wZwb| iv‡Rb VvKz‡ii Zx_©hvÎv Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí| Av‡iK AMÖR Aveyj gbmyi
Avng` Zuvi M‡í wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb e¨½-we`ªƒc, nvm¨-†K․ZzK| ûhyi †Kejv, bv‡q‡e bex
BZ¨vw` M‡í wZwb †hgb ag©-eëmvqx‡ì we`ªƒc K‡i‡Qb, †Zgwb dzW Kbdv‡iÝ, j½iLvbv,
wiwjd IqvK©, Rb‡mev qywbfvwm©wU BZ¨vw` M‡í ivRbxwZi bv‡g fÊvwg‡K e¨½ K‡i‡Qb| IB
mg‡q GKgvÎ wZwbB GB avivq PgrKvi mvdj¨ †`Lv‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb, wK‰‧ evsjvfvlv m¤^‡Ü
Zuvi Ae¯ vb Zuv‡K GLb ch©‰‭ weZ‡K©i g‡a¨ †i‡L‡Q| wZwb GKwU gymjgvwb fvlv •Zwi Ki‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb, Gi c‡¶ wj‡L‡Qb, KvR K‡i‡Qb| †h mg‡q cvwK¯‭vwbiv Avgv‡ì fvlv‡K
KjywlZ Kivi Rb¨ bvbviKg D‡`¨vM wb‡q hvw‪Qj, ZLb Zv‡ì c‡¶ GB Ae¯ vb Zuvi wb‡Ri
Rb¨ BwZevPK nqwb| GB mg‡qi Av‡iv `y‡qKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ M‡íi K_v ejv hvqÑ dRjyj
n‡Ki gvQaiv, mi`vi R‡qbDwÏ‡bi bqvb Xywj, µz‡k we× hxï‡ì cÖv_©bv, mvgmywÏb Aveyj
Kvjv‡gi c_ Rvbv †bB cÖf„wZ| Guiv mevB †gvUvgywUfv‡e wgwWIKvi MíKvi, Z‡e j¶Yxq
welq n‡‪Q, Gu‡ì meviB `y-GKwU K‡i DuPzgv‡bi M‡í Av‡Q| mKvj †`‡L †hgb †evSv hvq
w`bwU †Kgb hv‡e, †ZgbB Avgv‡ì cÖv_wgK c‡e©i GB •ewkó¨wU cieZ©x cÖRb¥mg~‡ni g‡aÏ
cÖevwnZ n‡q‡QÑ huvivB Mí wj‡L‡Qb (Zuv‡ì mK‡j nq‡Zv cÖwZfvevb MíKvi bb), Zuv‡ì
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB A‰‭Z GKwU-`ywU fv‡jv Mí wj‡L‡Qb| hv‡nvK, cÖv_wgK c‡e©i MíPP©vq •mq`
IqvjxDjøvn Qvov Ab¨‡ì mvgwMÖK AR©b †Zgb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bv n‡jI †mB mg‡qi †cÖw¶‡Z
c~e©evsjvi RxebwPÎ wbg©v‡Y G‡ì meviB ¯^‪Q‱` wenvi nq‡Zv evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi m¤¢vebvgq
fwel¨‡ZiB Bw½Z w`‡qwQj| ZvQvov GK_vI gvb‡ZB nq †h, Zuv‡ì Av‰‭wiK I wP‰‭vkxj I
j¶¨gyLx c`PviYv cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i Rb¨ wbg©vY K‡i w`‡qwQj GKwU m¤¢vebvgq c_|
evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi wfwËf~wg hLb •Zwi n‡‪Q, IB GKB mg‡q cwðge‡½ G‡jb
my‡eva †Nvl, †R¨vwZwi‱`ª b‱`x, b‡i‱`ªbv_ wgÎ, mZxbv_ fv`yox, m‡‰‭vlKzgvi †Nvl, bvivqY
M‡½vcva¨vq, wegj wgÎ, †M․iwK‡kvi †Nvl, wegj Ki, mg‡ik emy cÖgLy | Avgiv PwK‡Z
Zuv‡ì Mí wb‡qI wKQy K_v ej‡Z cvwi| Zvi Av‡M GKwU K_v ejv ìKviÑ †`kfv‡Mi AvM
ch©‰‭ evsjv mvwnZ¨ †gvUvgywU KjKvZv‡K †K‱`ª K‡iB AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q; Avgv‡ì cÖ_g
cÖR‡b¥i †jLK‡ì A‡b‡KB KjKvZvq wQ‡jb, ILvbKvi cÎcwÎKvq †jLv‡jwLI K‡i‡Qb|
wK‰‧ G †Zv wVK †h, †R¨vwZwi‱`ª b‱`xi cUf~wg Avi •mq` IqvjxDjøvni cUf~wg GKB iKg
wQj bv| Zuviv GKB mvwn‡Zï DËivwaKvi e‡U, wK‰‧ cwðgevsjvi †jLKiv †h Rb‡Mvôxi
gyLcvÎ, †mB Rb‡Mvôx K_vmvwn‡Zï welqe¯‧ n‡q‡Q ew¼‡gi mgq †_‡K, d‡j Zuv‡ì wQj
Aa©kZvãxi HwZn¨ I Aw½Kvi, Ab¨w`‡K c~e©evsjvi †jLK‡ì †h welqe¯‧-fvlv-Rxeb
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†m¸‡jv wQj G‡Kev‡iB bZzb, HwZ‡nï fvMx`vi Zuviv n‡Z cv‡ibwb| d‡j Icvi evsjvi
†jLK‡ì m‡½ GB evsjvi †jLK‡ì Zzjbv Kiv A‰‭Z ZLb ch©‰‭ mywe‡ePbvcÖm~Z wQj bv|
hv‡nvK, IBmgq cwðgevsjvi MíKviivI bvbv ai‡bi Mí wj‡L‡Qb| my‡eva †Nv‡li
eûwewPÎ PwiÎ I AwfÁZvi Mí, Abe`¨ fvlvfw½ I wkíixwZ Zuv‡K wecyj RbwcÖqZv G‡b
w`‡qwQj| Zuvi RZzM„n, ciïiv‡gi KzVvi, Ahvwš¿K, my›ìg BZ¨vw` Mí GLb ch©‰‭ cvV‡Ki
¯§„wZ‡Z D¾¡j n‡q Av‡Q| m‡‰‭vlKzgvi †NvlI fvlv I dg© wb‡q wbix¶vcÖeY wQ‡jb| A‡bK
bZzb kã †hgb •Zwi K‡i‡Qb wZwb, cyi‡bv k‡ãi bZzb ai‡bi eënv‡iI †`wL‡q‡Qb PgK|
K¯‘wig„M, avÎx, KvbvKwo, hv`yNi cÖf„wZ Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí| ga¨weË Rxe‡bi bvbvwea
Uvbv‡cv‡ob wb‡q b‡i‱`ªbv_ wgÎ wj‡LwQ‡jb PgrKvi wKQy mij-mnR‡eva¨ Mí| GB mg‡qi
Lye kw³kvjx `yÕRb MíKviÑ mZxbv_ fv`yox I †R¨vwZwi‱`ª b‱`x| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ wgjwU njÑ
`yR‡bB GK Avðh© wb‡g©vnZvq eY©bv K‡i †M‡Qb Rxebhvc‡bi bvbv LuywUbvwU wPÎ| mZxbv‡_i
cÖ_gw`‡Ki Mí¸‡jv co‡j Zuvi fvlvi A ¢yZ mvij¨ åƒ KzuP‡K †`q| Ggb mvij¨ AR©b Kiv
`yyiƒn wbtm‡‱`‡n| Rxeb †hgb, wVK †Zgb K‡iB eY©bv Ki‡Z Pvb wZwbÑ †hb †Kv‡bv wel‡qB
Zuvi we‡kl †Kv‡bv Av‡eM ev Avmw³ †bB| Rxeb‡ev‡a, eY©bv-†K․k‡j GZUv wbivmw³ AvRI
cvVK‡K wew¯§Z K‡i †Zv‡j| Zuvi Av›Uv evsjv, PKvPwK, eb¨v, PiY`vm GgGjG cÖf„wZ Mí
Zuvi Af~Zc~e© wkífvebvi wb`k©b n‡q Av‡Q| wK‰‧ M‡íi †P‡q Dcb¨v‡mB Zuvi AwaK
wmw×jvf N‡U‡Q| RvMix Ges †XuvovB PwiZ gvbm GLb ch©‰‭ evsjv mvwn‡Zï †miv
Dcb¨vm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ MY¨ Kiv nq| †R¨vwZwi‱`ªI GK Abb¨ Míwkíx| Zuvi wkí‡PZbv‡K
AwR©Z ejvi †P‡q mnRvZ ejvUvB AwaKZi m½Z| bB‡j, Zuvi wbwj©ß fvlvixwZ, wbivm³
Rxeb-fvebv, A¨ve÷ªv± A_P mwPÎ eY©bvfw½i †Kv‡bv DËivwaKvi AvRI `yj©f n‡e †Kb?
Zuvi M‡í NUbv cÖavb bq, bvUKxqZvI †bB †Kv‡bv, eis axi j‡q Pwi‡Îi ü`q Luy‡o GKwU
GKwU K‡i miv‡Z _v‡Kb in‡mï c`©v| Zuvi ivBPi‡Yi evewi, mgy`ª, MYbvqK, eÜzcZœx,
wMiwMwU, cZ½, †mvbvi Puv` wm‡×k¦‡ii g„Zz¨ cÖf„wZ Mí GLbI we¯§q RvMvq| ïay MíB bq,
ev‡iv Ni GK DVvb-Gi g‡Zv Dcb¨vmI †Zv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ wØZxqwU †bB!
Gu‡ì ci wegj Ki I mg‡ik emyÑ G `yÕRb `yÕfv‡e evsjv Mí‡K Mfxifv‡e
cÖfvweZ K‡iwQ‡jb| mg‡ik Zx¶è mgvRm‡PZb; Zx¶è Zuvi †jLwb, `ytmvnwmK eY©bvq
cvVK‡K cÖvq eRªvnZ K‡i †Zv‡jb| Av`ve, ¯^xKv‡ivw³, cvwo, †RvqvifvUv, †K †b‡e †gv‡i,
†c‡j †j‡M hv, `y‡j evwoi fvZ, biiv¶m, DRvb, wKQy bq cÖf„wZ Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí|
Ab¨w`‡K wegj Ki †hb mgvwnZ, †ivgvw‱UKI| cÖK…wZ‡K Rxe‡bi m‡½ cÖvq Awe‡‪Q`¨ eÜ‡b
Ave× K‡i †dj‡jb wZwb| hhvwZ, AvZ¥Rv, cvK© †iv‡Wi †mB evwo, Rbbx, myavgq, Ak¦Ì
cÖf„wZ Mí Zuvi wkíKzkjZvi cwiPqwPý aviY K‡i Av‡Q| Gu‡ì m‡½B Aek¨ igvc`
†P․ayixi bvgI G‡m hvqÑ welq‣ewP‡Î¨ eûgvwÎK GB †jLK Zuvi †ivgvw‱UK †PZbv w`‡q
Rxe‡bi †bwZevPK cwiYwZ¸‡jv wbcyY KzkjZvq a‡iwQ‡jb| ìevix, †i‡eKv †mv‡i‡bi
Kei, jvUzqv ISvi Kvwnbx cÖf„wZ M‡í muvIZvj ciMbvi gvbyl I Rxeb, Avwg Avgvi ¯^vgx I
GKwU bywjqv, WvBwbs †Uej, wd«R, Pvwe cÖf„wZ M‡í cÖavbZ ga¨weË Rxe‡bi Kzkwj wPÎvqY
Zuvi ¶gZvi cÖgvY †`q|
GKwU K_v e‡j GB ce© †kl Kie| cwðgevsjvq mgv‡jvPbv-mvwn‡Zï GKwU
PgrKvi aviv M‡o IVvq ILv‡b mvwn‡Zï wewfb′ welq wb‡qB cÖPzi Av‡jvPbv nq, Mí wb‡qI
n‡q‡Q Ges n‡‪Q| evsjv‡`‡k †mB KvRwU †Zgbfv‡e nqwb| M‡í ev Dcb¨v‡m ev KweZvq
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Avgv‡ì mvgwMÖK AR©bwU wb‡q †Zgb †Kv‡bv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ m„Rbkxj ev A¨vKv‡WwgK †jLv
cvIqv hvq bv| A_P †h-†Kv‡bv mvwn‡Zï R‡b¨B wµwUK¨vj A¨vwcÖwm‡qkb wRwbmwU AZ¨‰‭
cÖ‡qvRbxq| `yf©vM¨RbKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki †jLKiv †mwU cvb bv| cwðg evsjvq GB ai‡bi
wµwUK¨vj A¨vwcÖwm‡qk‡bi D`vniY wn‡m‡e Avb‱` evMPxi †QvUM‡íi iƒcvš„i †jLvwU †_‡K
Lye mvgvb¨ GKwU Ask Zz‡j w`w‪Q (GB AskUzKz‡Z wZwb wegj Ki I mg‡ik emy m¤^‡Ü g‰‭e¨
K‡i‡Qb)| ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv GiKg D`vniY Av‡iv AmsL¨ †`qv hvqÑ
Ô†ivgvw‱UK ¯^fv‡ei Zjvq wgw÷K †PZbv wegj K‡ii g‡a¨ cÖ_gvewaB wQj| Zuv‡K
†mvjwgw÷wRg ejvB fv‡jv| cÖvK…wZK wbtm½Zvi g‡a¨ wZwb †hb AvZ¥v‡KB Luy‡R
P‡jwQ‡jb GB `yt‡Li msmv‡i| cwikxwjZ AvwfRv‡Zï mnPi cÖkv‰‭ †K․ZzK Avi
wgZevK bgªZv wg‡k‡Q Zuvi fvlvq, A_P Kj‡g Li`„wó| LÊ cÖK…wZi KÉ¯î‡K
Rxebfvebvi g‡a¨ Ggb Aj‡¶¨ •bcy‡Y¨ ¸‡j †gkv‡Z K`vwPr †KD cv‡ib| PivPi
wew‪Qb′ wbKU cwicv‡k¦©i g‡a¨ gvby‡li †Pnvivi LuywUbvwU cÖvq Ab¨gb¯‥ AuvP‡o Ggb
a‡i †`b, Zvi wbtk¦vm, bovPov, wKsev fvevweó e‡m _vKv ch©‰‭ Ggb wbcyYZvq †h
g‡b nq †mB msjvcnxb wbt¯‭äZvq, Ae‡jvwKZ AÜKv‡i, weKínxb GKvwK‡Z¡i
g‡aÏ mg‡qi Avi GKwU gvÎv hy³ nj hv †Kej †ev‡ai g‡a¨B aiv †`q| Kwe‡Z¡i
GB msnZ Rv`yB wegj K‡ii fvlvi wRqbkw³|...mg‡ik emy wVK Gi wecixZ|
Rxeb I mgvR‡PZvq wZwb Zxeª, Zx¶è| bvbv Z‡ji I Zv‡ji gvby‡li wbi‰‭i euvPvi
jovB Zuvi M‡íi DcRxe¨| AvniY I ¯^xKiY¶gZvq wZwb Amvgvb¨, Acwinvh©| G
hy‡Mi me‡P‡q fvBUvj †jLK| `yi‰‭ `ytmvnwmKZvi m‡½ wZwb i³gvs‡mi Rxeb‡K
bvbv †KvY †_‡K Quy‡q‡Qb| fq¼i my‱ì Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ Ggb wbg¾b, wewPÎPvix
RM‡Zi Ggb m‡iRwgb AwfÁZv, mgKvgx Av‡e‡Mi m‡½ Ggb mvsevw`K
Ae‡RKwUf fw½, Ggb wWUvPW Abycy‫‫‬LZvq eë‡‪Q` Zuvi ARmª M‡íi g‡a¨ †hgb
gyûgy©û iƒc e`‡j‡Q Zv Awe¯§iYxq| cieZ©x evsjv †QvUMí‡K wZwb bvbvfv‡e cÖjyä I
cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Qb|Õ
nvq, evsjv‡`‡ki •mq` IqvjxDjøvn ev Avey BmnvK GKB mg‡qi †jLK n‡qI Ges
wecyj kw³gËvi cwiPq w`‡qI GiKg A¨vwcÖwm‡qkb cvbwb!
•K‡kviKvj
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí cÖv_wgK ce© †cwi‡q •K‡kv‡i cv ivL‡jv cÂv‡ki `k‡K| mgqwU wQj bvbv
w`K †_‡KB wen″jZvi| †ZZvwjø‡ki `ywf©¶ Avi †QPwjø‡ki mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi ¶Z ZL‡bv
ï‡Kvqwb, i‡q‡Q †`kwefvMRwbZ Av‡eM-wen″jZv I nvnvKvi| `y-evsjvi †kKonxb gvbylÑ
DØv¯‧, Amnvq; bZzb †`‡k emev‡mi Rb¨ hv‡ì †PvLÑ ¯^‡c′ bqÑ †e`bvq ¤øvb| gvbyl
Kxfv‡e Zvi •kke-•K‡kv‡ii ¯§„wZevnx Rb¥f~wg, b`x, AvKvk Avi cÖv‰‭i †Q‡o fv‡jv _vK‡e?
GiB g‡a¨ N‡U †M‡Q wØZxq wek¦hy×, wek¦e¨vcx `xN©w`‡bi jvwjZ g~j¨‡eva a″sm n‡q hv‡‪Q;
nZvkv-Ae¶q evo‡Q, Pviw`‡K a″smhÁ, gvbeZvi wbg©g c``jb, g~j¨‡eva ej‡Z ev
Avkvev`x nevi g‡Zv †Kv_vI Avi wKQy Aewkó †bB, †eu‡P _vKvUvB †hb GK †e`bv`vqK,
K¬vw‰‭Ki, Møvwbgq AwfÁZv Avi Aw¯‭Z¡ n‡q DV‡Q GK fxlY A_©nxb welqÑ gvbyl †hb nVvrB
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Dcw¯ Z n‡q‡Q Zvi P~ov‰‭ cwiYwZi mvg‡b| mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK-•ewk¦K cwiw¯ wZ †evanq
me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfve †d‡j GKRb †jL‡Ki Ic‡iB| †h A ¢yZ mg‡q cÂv‡ki †jLKiv
wjL‡Z ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb, mnR wQj bv mgqwU‡K mvwn‡Z¨ aviY KiviÑ A‰‭M©Z i³¶iY hZB
†nvK-bv †Kb! Zuv‡ì `vwqZ¡I wQj A‡bK| evsjvmvwn‡Zï HwZnëvnx avivi m‡½ Lvc LvB‡q
†bqvi Ges cvwK¯‭vb bvgK AwZ-A ¢yZ GKwU iv‡óªi D ¢e nIqvq Z_vKw_Z Bmjvwg
RvZxqZvev‡ì Kej †_‡K wbR¯^ mwVK cwiPqUv D×vi I i¶v Kivi myKwVb `vwqZ¡| GK
we¯§qKi wecb′Zv wN‡i wQj Zuv‡ì, KviY ivóªh‰¿ Ges ZLbKvi Av‡eM-g~j¨‡eva¸‡jv wQj
Gm‡ei wei ‡×| bZzb ivóªcÖvwßi Avwdg gvK©v †gvn Aek¨ Z‡Zvw`‡b KvU‡Z ïi  K‡i‡Q,
c~e©evsjvi gvbyl RvwiZ n‡‪Q Zv‡ì cÖK…Z RvwZmËvi AnsKv‡i, cÖ¯‧Z n‡‪Q fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi
g‡Zv Abb¨ BwZnvm wbg©vY Kivi Rb¨| cvwK¯‭vb m„wói Aí wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨B fvlv
Av‡‱`vj‡bi m~Pbv G AÂ‡ji gvby‡li cÖK…Z RvwZmËv‡KB g~Z© K‡i Zz‡jwQj, Avi GB RvwZi
weKvk I gbb PP©vq Ae`vb ivLvi Rb¨ Awbevh©fv‡e †gavex mvwnZ¨wkíx‡ì AvMgbI
N‡UwQj| •mq` kvgmyj nK, knx` mv‡ei, wgiRv Ave`yj nvB, Avng` gxi, AvjvDwÏb Avj
AvRv`, Avey eKi wmwÏK, knx`yjøvn Kvqmvi, Rwni ivqnvb, myPwiZ †P․ayix, Avãyj Mvddvi
†P․ayix, nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb, kIKZ Avjx cÖgLy K_vwkíx G‡jb G mg‡qB| GB mg‡q
huviv G‡jb Zuviv A‡bKUv bxi‡eB GKwU hy× K‡i †M‡QbÑ iv‡óªi hveZxq loh‰¿ I K‚U‡K․kj
D‡c¶v K‡i wbR fvlv‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi, wb‡Ri fvlvq mvwnZ¨ iPbvi Ges Gi GKwU
gvbm¤§Z iƒc`vb Kivi hy×|
GUv ej‡j wbðqB AwZk‡qvw³ n‡e bv †h, cÂv‡ki me‡P‡q cÖwZfvevb MíKvi
•mq` kvgmyj nK| †h hy‡×i K_v GKUz Av‡M e‡jwQÑ wbR fvlv‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi, wb‡Ri
fvlvq mvwnZ¨ iPbvi Ges Gi GKwU gvbm¤§Z iƒc`vb Kivi hy×Ñ •mq` nK †mB hy‡×i
Ab¨Zg •mwbK| cÂv‡ki mevB cv‡ibwb, A‡b‡KB ¯‭ä n‡q †M‡Qb, wK‰‧ •mq` kvgmyj nK
Zuvi AmvaviY †gav, cÖÁv I cÖwZfvq AvRI wb‡R‡K †i‡L‡Qb wecyjfv‡e mwµq| evOvwj
gymjgvb Rb‡Mvôx ZLb bvbvgvwÎK bZzb, Awfbe AwfÁZvi gy‡LvgywLÑ m„wó n‡‪Q ga¨weË
†kªwY, M‡o DV‡Q bMi| •mq` nKB cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv †mB bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi msKU-m¤¢vebv,
nZvkv-AvKv‫¶‫‬v‡K mdjfv‡e Zuvi M‡íi DcRxe¨ Ki‡jb| Zuvi wQj m~² `„wó; kxZwe‡Kj,
wd‡i Av‡m, i³ †Mvjvc, KvjvgvwSi Pob`vi, †b‡cb `v‡ivMvi `vqfvi cÖf„wZ Mí Zuvi g‡Zv
wkíxi c‡¶B †jLv m¤¢e| wZwb Aek¨ †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó MwÊ‡Z Ave× n‡q _v‡Kbwb| Qy‡U
†ewo‡q‡Qb Rxe‡bi eûgvwÎK AwfÁZvi mÜv‡b, µgvMZ wb‡R‡K †f‡OPz‡i wb‡R‡KB
AwZµg K‡i †M‡Qb Cl©Yxqfv‡e| gvbe-Rxeb, gvbe-¯^fve, mgvR-Rxeb cÖf„wZi cÖwZwU
†Pbv-A‡Pbv †Kv‡Y D¾¡j Av‡jv †d‡j †`wL‡q‡Qb †m¸‡jvi A‰‭©MZ PvwiÎ-•ewkó¨| hwÌ
Mí w`‡qB hvÎv ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb •mq` kvgmyj nK wK‰‧ †_‡g _v‡Kbwb †mLv‡bB| G‡K G‡K
wZwb wePiY K‡i‡Qb mvwn‡Zï cÖvq mg¯‭ kvLvqÑ KweZvq, Dcb¨v‡m, bvU‡K| †hLv‡bB nvZ
w`‡q‡Qb, mdj n‡q‡Qb wZwb| Zuvi mvwnZ¨Kg©Ñ †m Mí ev Dcb¨vmB †nvK, A_ev KweZv ev
bvUKB †nvKÑ Zzgj y fv‡e Av‡jvwPZ-mgv‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q mg‡q mg‡q| Zuvi AmsL¨ iPbvK‡g©i
g‡a¨ †h¸‡jv eûjfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ-mgv‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡‪QÑ Dcb¨vm: †Ljvivg †L‡j
hv, wbwl× †jvevb, `~iZ¡, GK hye‡Ki Qvqvc_, Bnv gvbyl, ¯„äZvi Abyev`, ¯§„wZ‡ga, wØZxq
w`‡bi Kvwnbx, Îvwn, e„wó I we‡`ªvnxMY; Kve¨MÖ‰ : •ekv‡L iwPZ cOw³gvjv, civ‡bi Mwnb
wfZi, ey‡bve„wói Mvb; Kve¨bvUK: cv‡qi AvIqvR cvIqv hvq, b~ij`x‡bi mvivRxeb,
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MYbvqK, Cl©v cÖf„wZ| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jvB cÖPzi cÖksmv jvf K‡i‡Q, wK‰‧ fyjfv‡e
mgv‡jvwPZI n‡q‡Q cÖPzi| Gme m¤^‡Ü we¯‭…Z Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM GLv‡b †bB| ïay GKwU K_v
Zuvi m¤^‡Ü wbtms‡Kv‡P ejv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨RMr mg„× Kivi K…wZZ¡ huviv `vwe
Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ •mq` kvgmyj nK cÖ_g mvwii GKRb| •mq` n‡Ki wePiY‡¶Î
†h mxgve× bq eis µgvMZ wb‡R‡K e`‡j †d‡j‡Qb wZwb, AwZµg K‡i †M‡Qb wb‡R‡KB
†mwU Zuvi mgMÖ mvwnZ¨Kg© cov bv _vK‡jI, ïaygvÎ Mí c‡oB Dcjwä Kiv m¤¢e| Zuvi M‡í
wPwÎZ nq mKj †kªwY-†ckvi gvby‡li mgMÖ RxebwPÎÑ GKw`‡K gvby‡li †cÖg, Kvg, Av‡eM,
AvKv‫¶‫‬v, Ab¨w`‡K Zvi †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖvg, we‡`ªvn, ivR‣bwZK †PZbv, Zvi fv‡jvevmv,
ggZv I gnË¡| eû ai‡bi Mí wj‡L‡Qb •mq` kvgmyj nK, welq Avi cÖKi‡Yi •ewP‡Î¨ fiv
Gme M‡íi GK cÖavb Ask Ry‡o Av‡Q gvby‡li ivR‣bwZK wek¦vm, Zvi wecøe-we‡`ªvn I †eu‡P
_vKvi hy×| cÖPzi wj‡L‡Qb wZwb gyw³hy× wb‡q| wK‰‧ M‡íi ¯^í-cwim‡i †evanq wZwb Gme
wb‡q we¯‭…Z KvR Ki‡Z Pvbwb| Zuvi M‡í gyw³hy×‡K †Zgb Zxeªfv‡e wPwÎZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq
bvÑ ¯§„wZPviY Av‡Q, AskMÖnY †bB, g~jZ GB Zuvi G-ai‡bi Mí¸‡jvi •ewkó¨| Zey
GKai‡bi cÖZxKx Ave‡n Mí¸‡jv‡Z Zuvi ivR‣bwZK wek¦vm, †PZbv I e³‡eï m‡½ cwiwPZ
nIqv hvq| cÖvPxb es‡ki wbt¯^ mš„vb, fv‡jv K‡i wKQyB †`Lv hv‡‛Q bv e‡j, RwgiDwÏ‡bi
g„Zz¨weeiY, Av‡iv GKRb cÖf„wZ GB ai‡bi Mí| •mq` n‡Ki A‡bK¸‡jv M‡íi welqe¯‧
bvMwiK gvbyl I Zv‡ì Rxeb| bvMwiK gvbyl †hb Avi ¯^vfvweK †bB| †h wb®úvc mijZv-
mnRZv wb‡q gvby‡li Rb¥ nq, bM‡ii ms¯ú‡k© Zv ¶‡q †h‡Z _v‡K| hvw‰¿KZv, Rxe‡bi `yg©i
RwUjZv, Awbevh© wew‪Qb′ZvÑ GmeB `Lj K‡i †bq gvby‡li hveZxq ïf m¤úK©, Zvi wek¦vm
I gvbweK Abyf~wZ, m‡e©vcwi Zvi mg¯‭ Avkªq| gvbyl n‡q I‡V wbtm½ I wew‪Qb′;
MZvbyMwZKZv Avi †c․btcywbKZvq Avµv‰‭ GK Avb‱`nxb I h‰¿Yv`» Rxeb jvf K‡i †m|
•mq` n‡Ki G ai‡bi Mí¸‡jv‡Z Gm‡eiB cÖZxKx wPÎvqY †`L‡Z cvB| Avb‡›ì g„Zz¨,
gvbyl, c~wY©gvq †ePv‡Kbv, ¯^‡cœi †fZi emevm cÖf„wZ M‡í Gm‡ei cÖgvY †i‡L‡Qb wZwb|
•mq` kvgmyj n‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ M‡íi g‡ZvB †cÖ‡gi Mí¸‡jvI cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q wfb′gvÎv wb‡q
nvwRi nq| MZvbyMwZK cyZzcyZz-gvK©v †Kv‡bv †cÖg †bB Gme M‡í, †h †cÖg Av‡Q Zv GZUv
AMfxi bq †h mn‡RB Zvi meUzKz c‡o †djv hv‡e, Av‡eM Av‡Q wK‰‧ †mB Av‡e‡MiI ivk
†U‡b a‡i iv‡Lb wZwb, Zxeª Abyf~wZ Av‡Q wK‰‧ Zv ïay IB †cÖg‡K †K‱`ª K‡iB NyicvK Lvq
bv, mgMÖ RxebUvB P‡j Av‡m †mLv‡b; msjvç‡jv‡ZI wZwb `vk©wbK Dcjwäi Ges Mfxi
Rxeb‡ev‡ai cÖgvY iv‡Lb| wd‡i Av‡m, i‚wU I †Mvjvc, Mvav †R¨vrmœvi c~e©vci cÖf„wZ Zuvi
mdj †cÖ‡gi M‡íi D`vniY| ïay wel‡qB bq fvlv, Avw½K, Dc¯ vcbv cÖf„wZ bvbv w`K
†_‡KI wb‡R‡K evievi e`‡j †d‡j‡Qb wZwb| ax‡i ax‡i •Zwi K‡i‡Qb wbR¯^ GKwU f½xÑ
wK fvlvq, wK cÖKi‡YÑ Zuvi †jLvwU †h •mq` n‡KiB †jLv †mwU wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvVK‡K
†Kv‡bviKg KóB Ki‡Z nq bv| Zuvi Mí¸‡jv‡Z iPbvKvj †`qv †bB wK‰‧ Mí †_‡KB A‡bK
†¶‡Î mgq‡K wbY©q Kiv m¤¢e Ges cvVK j¶ bv K‡i cv‡ib bv †h, Zuvi cÖ_gw`KKvi
Mí¸‡jvi †P‡q mv¤cÖwZKKv‡ji Mí¸‡jvi fvlv I Avw½K Kx AmvaviY KzkjZvq e`‡j
†M‡Q| wd‡i Av‡m ev i‚wU I †Mvjvc M‡íi †h fvlv I Dc¯ vcbv Mvav †R¨vrøvi c~e©vci M‡íi
fvlv I Dc¯ vcbv Zvi †_‡K m¤ú~Y© c„_K| Ab¨w`‡K cÖ_gw`‡Ki Mí¸‡jv‡Z wZwb AvL¨vb-
eY©bvi w`‡K hZUv g‡bv‡hvMx wQ‡jb, cieZ©xKv‡j †mwUI cv‡ë †d‡j‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i
Avw½‡K Ggb GK cwieZ©b G‡b‡Qb †h, g‡b nq, †jLK †Kej MíwUB ej‡Qb bv, eis
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cvVK‡ì m‡½I K_v ej‡Qb, e¨vL¨v-we‡kølY Ki‡Qb, AvL¨v‡bi m‡½ m¤ú„³ K‡i †Zvjvi
Rb¨ cvVK‡K mivmwi m‡¤^vab Ki‡Qb, †hb cvVK †Kej †kªvZv-`k©‡Ki Ae¯ v‡b bv †_‡K
wb‡RI AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i ivR‣bwZK avivi Mí¸‡jv‡Z Zuvi GB †K․kj
we‡klfv‡e †Pv‡L c‡o| Gme Mí‡K Aek¨ wZwb wb‡R ïaygvÎ ÔMíÕ bv e‡j ÔMícÖeÜÕ bv‡g
AwfwnZ K‡i _v‡Kb, wK‰‧ G¸‡jv cvV K‡i GKwU ÔMíÕ cv‡ViB Avb‱` nq| Mí‡K wZwb
†mªd NUbv-eY©bvi `vq †_‡K gy³ †i‡L‡Qb e‡U, wK‰‧ ÔMínxbZvÕi `vqI †bbwb, Avevi GKwU
†g‡mR w`‡Z wM‡q †mwU‡K †køvMvbme©¯Î K‡i †Zv‡jbwbÑ wkígv‡bi e¨vcv‡i GB Av‡cvmnxb
Ae¯ vb Zuvi Mí‡K AwaKZi mylgvgwÊZ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| •mq` nK Zuvi M`¨fvlv‡K GKwU
D‪P-gh©v`vm¤úb′ Ae¯ v‡b wb‡q †h‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb| k‡ãi eënvi I ev‡Kï MV‡b wZwb
Ggb Mfxi m‡PZbZvi cwiPq †`b hvi Zzjbv †gjv fvi| Avevi wKQz M‡í, we‡kl K‡i †hme
M‡í DËie½ D‡V G‡m‡Q, Zuvi Wvqv‡j‡±i eënvi Cl©Yxq mvdj¨ AR©b K‡i‡Q| Mí¸‡jv‡Z
H AÂ‡ji gvbyl I Zv‡ì Rxeb‡K wPwÎZ Kivi Rb¨ Zv‡ì gy‡Li fvlv ûeû Zy‡j G‡b wZwb
†h wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb Zv we¯§qKi| •mq` n‡Ki M‡í cÖZx‡Ki cÖej cÖPzi
eënvi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i| A‡bK M‡íB wZwb cÖZxK eënvi K‡ib AwZ KzkjZvi m‡½| †h-
K_vwU wZwb ej‡Z Pvb †mwU mivmwi bv e‡j, †m‡¶‡Î cÖZxK eënvi Kivi d‡j cvVK
†Kv‡bv-GKwU Pvwc‡q †Ìqv wm×v‡‰‭ Ave× bv n‡q eûgvwÎK fvebvq Av‡‱`vwjZ n‡Z cv‡ib|
gvbyl Ges Zvi Rxeb I cwicvk¦©, Kg© I fvebv‡K KL‡bv GKK msÁv w`‡q Ave× hvq bv,
M‡í wm×v‰‭ Pvwc‡q †Ìqvi cÖeYZv ZvB cvVK‡K `~‡i †V‡j †`q| •mq` nK †mB mZ¨wU
Rv‡bb, Zuvi cÖZxK eënvi ZvB GZUv Kzkwj I †gvnbxq n‡q I‡V| Ges GB mewKQz Ges
Av‡iv A‡bKwKQz wb‡qB wZwb n‡q D‡V‡Qb Avgv‡ì cÖavb †jLK‡ì GKRb|
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` Zuvi †jLv‡jwLi ïi i w`‡K wQ‡jb †kªwYm‡PZb, mgvRev`x
†jLK| evsjv‡`‡k AvRv`B GB avivi cw_K…r| DcwiKvVv‡gvi †P‡q mgv‡Ri A‰‭K©vVv‡gv
wPÎvq‡Y Zuvi †SuvK ¯úó| Z‡e Ô†kªwYm‡PZbÕ †jLK wn‡m‡e L¨vwZ †c‡jI Zuvi Mí-Dcb¨v‡m
Z_vKw_Z wecøex Dcv`vb †bB, eis AZjcÖevnx GK †ivgvw‱UKZv Zuvi iPbvi Q‡Î-Q‡Î Qwo‡q
Av‡Q| m¤¢eZ Zuvi ivR‣bwZK `„wófw½ Ges ivRbxwZ-mswkøóZv Zuv‡K L¨vwZgvb K‡i
Zz‡jwQj| evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨RM‡Z †jL‡Ki e¨w³MZ ivR‣bwZK `„wófw½ (hv nq‡Zv Zuvi
iPbvq †Zgb cÖejfv‡e `„k¨gvb bq) IB †jL‡Ki MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv I cÖfve m„wó‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L|
AvRv` †h mg‡qi †jLK †mB mg‡q GB AÂ‡j cÖMwZkxj ivRbxwZi PP©v ïi  n‡qwQj, †jLK
wn‡m‡e wZwb wQ‡jb †mB ivRbxwZi cÖ_g mvwii cÖwZwbwa| kIKZ Imgvb †hgbfv‡e `xN©Kvj
Zuvi ivR‣bwZK cÖfve eRvq †i‡LwQ‡jb (Gi Av‡M †m-K_v e‡jwQ), GKBfv‡e AvRvÌ
A‡bKw`b ch©‰‭ †Zgb cÖfve a‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb| wK‰‧ cieZ©xKv‡j †Kv‡bv-GK inm¨gq Kvi‡Y
wZwb `xN©w`b mvwnZ¨RMr †_‡K `~‡i m‡i _vKvi d‡j GB cÖfveejq bó n‡q hvq| Zuvi mdj
M‡íi (Ges Dcb¨v‡miI) msL¨v Lye †ewk bq| †ZBk b¤î •ZjwPÎ Zuvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm,
Avi e„wó MíwU evsjv M‡íi avivevwnKZvq GLb ch©‰‭ gvBjdjK n‡q Av‡Q| QvZv,
Kgjv‡jey cÖf„wZI Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí|
Avey eKi wmwÏK Ges kIKZ Avjxi M‡í cÖavbZ wbg′e‡M©i gvbyl cig ggZvq
wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q| `yR‡bi M‡íB †kªwYm‡PZbZv Zxeªfv‡e cÖKvwkZ, kIKZ Avjxi M‡í
Av‡iKavc GwM‡q †mwU †kªwYmsMÖv‡g wM‡q †cu․Qvq| †kªwYm‡PZb wZwb, †kªwYmsMÖv‡gI wek¦vmxÑ
gvby‡li civR‡qi K_v †R‡bI civRq bq eis Zvi †µva, †¶vf I msMÖvg‡KB eo K‡i
69
†`‡Lb I †`Lvb| KL‡bv-KL‡bv GB msMÖvg Av‡ivwcZ e‡jI g‡b nq| Mí-Dcb¨v‡m
†RvZ`v‡ii Avo‡Z Av¸b jvwM‡q †`qv hvq e‡U, †KD Zv‡Z AvcwË Ki‡e bvÑ wK‰‧ ev¯‭e Lye
wbg©g, †mLv‡b wbcxwoZiv wbcxwoZB _v‡K, †jL‡Ki Kj‡g cy‡ei AvKv‡k jvj m~h© DV‡jI
Zv‡ì RxebRy‡o _v‡K cÖMvp AÜKvi| kIKZ Avjxi M‡íi GK cÖavb Ask Ry‡o i‡q‡Q
DËie‡½i gvbyl| we‡kl K‡i Avwèvmx (muvIZvj) Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebhvcb Avkv-AvKv‫¶‫‬v,
ms¯‥vi-wek¦vm cÖf„wZ KzkjZvi m‡½ wPÎvwqZ n‡q‡Q| Zuvi M‡íi Av‡iKwU •ewkó¨ †h․bZvi
†Lvjv‡gjv eY©bv| ïb †n jwL›ì, Kwcj`vm gygyi© †kl KvR, †jwjnvb mva cÖf„wZ Zuvi
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí|
Rwni ivqnvb MíKvi wn‡m‡e eZ©gvb Kvj ch©‰‭ GK e¨wZµgx D`vniY| we‡kl K‡i
Zuvi Míejvi †K․kjwU GL‡bv ch©‰‭ AcÖwZØ‱Øx| Zuvi Mí †hb Pjw‪P‡Îi wPÎbvU¨| G‡KKwU
kã w`‡qB G‡KKwU wPÎ wbg©vY K‡ib wZwbÑ GB GKwU k‡ãB GKwU evK¨, GKwU m¤ú~Y©
Abyf~wZ, GKwU ewY©j `„k¨| Zuvi AKvjg„Zz¨ Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨‡K wKQy Awfbe M‡íi †hvMvb
†_‡K ewÂZ K‡i‡Q| knx`yjøvn Kvqmvi Dcb¨v‡m hZUv ¯^‪Q‱`¨, M‡í Zv bb| Avj gvngy`
cÖPzi wj‡L‡Qb, hwÌ Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ M‡íi msL¨v mvgvb¨| Z‡e GKwU Kvi‡Y wZwb GKUz
we‡klfv‡eB `„wó †K‡o‡Qb, †mwU Zuvi M‡íi †h․b‡PZbv| Zuvi weL¨vZ Mí cvb‡K․woi i³,
Rj‡ek¨v ev Kv‡jv †b․Kv co‡j g‡b nq Gme M‡íi PwiÎ¸‡jvi Rxe‡b †h․bZv Qvov Avi
wKQy †bB| GiKg cÖLi †h․b‡PZbv †h-†Kv‡bv K_vwkíxi c‡¶ wbq‰¿Y Kiv KwVb, wZwb †mwU
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb| Av‡iKRb Míwkíxi K_v bv ej‡j cÂv‡ki MíPP©vi welqwU m¤ú~Y©
nq bv| wZwbÑ mvBwq` AvZxKzjøvn| hwÌ Zuvi cwiwPwZ Kwe wn‡m‡eB Ges `xN©Kvj wZwb
MíPP©v †_‡K weiZ wQ‡jb, Zey Zuvi GKgvÎ MíMÖ‰  eyaevi iv‡Z AvRI cvVK‡K we¯§qvwff~Z
K‡i †Zv‡j| Zuvi ivRbxwZ-m‡PZbZv m¤^‡Ü Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` Ôcïi g‡Zv Zx¶èÕ kã¸‪Q
eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb| GZ Zx¶è mgvR I ivRbxwZ-m‡PZbZv, cÖZx‡Ki Ggb Amvgvb¨ Kzkwj
eënvi Zuvi Av‡M Avi-†Kv‡bv MíKv‡ii g‡a¨ †`Lv hvqwb|
cÂv‡ki AwaKvsk MíKviB bvbv Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì MíPP©vi avivevwnKZv i¶v K‡ibwb|
Gi GKwU cÖavb KviY nq‡Zv GB †h, Zuviv ïaygvÎ MíKviB wQ‡jb bv, Av‡iv eû KvR
Zuv‡ì‡K Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| bZzb †`‡k cvwK¯‭vwb cÖfy‡ì AvwacZëv`x ms¯‥…wZwP‰‭vi wecix‡Z
Zuviv ùvwo‡qwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì meUzKz kw³ wb‡q| ïaygvÎ K_vmvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡i †mB KvR nq‡Zv
Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv| d‡j †`Lv hvq GB mg‡qi A‡bK †jL‡KiB cÖKvk¨-AcÖKvk¨ ivR‣bwZK
mswkøóZv wQj| mi`vi dRjyj Kwig, knx` mv‡ei, gywbi †P․ayix, knx`yjøvn Kvqmvi,
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` mn Av‡iv A‡b‡KB ivR‣bwZK Kg©Kv‡Ê AskMÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Gu‡ì
mevB Aek¨ K_vwkíx wQ‡jb bv| wK‰‧ †h kvLvqB KvR Ki b bv †Kb, mvwnZ¨B †h Zuv‡ì
Kg©Kv‡Êi GKgvÎ †¶Î wQj bv GB ivRbxwZ-mswkøóZv Zv cÖgvY K‡i †`q| Rwni ivqnvb
K_vmvwnZ¨ PP©vq weiwZ w`‡q Pjw‪P‡Îi w`‡K Szu‡K c‡o‡Qb, wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb ÔRxeb †_‡K
†bqvÕi g‡Zv Amvgvb¨ Pjw‪PÎ| AvBqye kvwnÕi mvgwiK kvmbvg‡j GBiKg ivR‣bwZK e³e¨
m¤^wjZ cÖZxKx Pjw‪PÎ wbg©vY Zuvi g~j cÖeYZvi cwiPq †`q| knx` mv‡ei †Rjew‱` n‡q
gvbwmK fvimvg¨ nvwi‡q‡Qb, gybxi, mi`vi ev AvRvÌ †Rje‱`x wQ‡jb A‡bKw`b|
gyw³hy‡×i mgq knx` mv‡ei, knx`yjøvn Kvqmvi knx` n‡q‡Qb, Rwni ivqnvbI m`¨¯^vaxb
†`‡k inm¨gqfv‡e wbnZ n‡q‡Qb| wgiRv Ave`yj nvB gvÎ `y‡Uv MíMÖ‡‰ B MíPP©vi mgvwß
†U‡b‡Qb, wUcy myjZvbI gvÎ GKwU MíMÖ‰  cÖKv‡ki ci Avi Mí †j‡Lbwb, nvmvb nvwdRyi
70
ingvb KweZv †jLv, cwÎKv m¤úv`bv, gyw³hy‡×i `wjj m¤úv`bvq wb‡R‡K e¨¯‭ †i‡L‡Qb,
Avãyj Mvddvi †P․ayix cÖevmRxeb †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb Ges dvjZz Kjvg-†jL‡K cwiYZ n‡q‡QbÑ
GB me bvbvwea Kvi‡Y cÂv‡ki Mí †Zgb G‡Mvqwb| ïaygvÎ •mq` kvgmyj nK, AvjvDwÏb
Avj AvRv` Ges kIKZ AvjxB †kl ch©‰‭ mPj †i‡L‡Qb wb‡R‡ì‡K| Av‡iKwU welq
j¶Yxq| GB mg‡qi K_v-†jLK‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB g~jZ Kwe| •mq` kvgmyj nK,
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, Avey eKi wmwÏK, nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb, Avj gvngy`, mvBwq`
AvZxKzjøvn meviB Kwe-cwiPqwUB cÖavb| GB w`K †_‡K †`L‡Z †M‡j GKgvÎ kIKZ
AvjxB G mg‡q weï×fv‡e K_vmvwnZ¨ PP©v K‡i †M‡Qb| cieZ©x‡Z Avgiv †`Le, lv‡Ui
`k‡K G‡m M`¨Kviiv ¯úóZB KweZv †_‡K m‡i †M‡Qb ev weï×fv‡e M`¨PP©vqB g‡bvwb‡ek
K‡i‡Qb| cÂv‡ki AviI K‡qKRb MíKv‡ii bvg D‡jøL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ Aveyj Lv‡qi
gym‡jnDwÏb, gvdi nv †P․ayix, ivwRqv Lvb, wUcy myjZvb, iv‡eqv LvZzb, Avng` gxi, Avwbm
†P․ayix, knx` AvL‱`, ûgvqyb Kvwì, AvdjvZzb cÖgLy | MíPP©vq G‡ì Av‰‭wiKZv _vK‡jI
AR©bwU †Zgb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bq|
evsjv‡`‡k hLb fvlv‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi hy× Ki‡Qb †jLKiv, ZLb cwðgevsjvq
†jLKiv ÔbZzb ixwZi †QvUMíÕ Av‡‱`vjb wb‡q e¨¯‭| wegj K‡ii †bZ…‡Z¡ GB Av‡‱`vjb ïi 
n‡qwQj evsjv M‡íi g~j cÖeYZvÑ AvL¨vbcÖavb MíÑ †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi Rb¨B| GB Zi Y
†jLKiv Ggb me Mí wjL‡Z PvB‡jb hv Abyf~wZ‡K RvwM‡q †`q, cÖk′ DÌvcb K‡i, gb‡K
Mfxifv‡e ¯úk© K‡i| `x‡c‱`ªbv_ e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq, e‡ib M‡½vcva¨vq, m‱`xcb P‡Ævcva¨vq GB
avivq cÖPzi Mí wj‡L‡Qb| Gu‡ì g‡a¨ m‱`xc‡bi kw³gËv m‡‱`nvZxZfv‡e †ewk| Zuvi ÔAÜ
¯‥z‡j NÈv evR‡e KLbÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi GK c„ôvi †QvÆ MíwU hw` Zi Y †jLKiv Kó K‡i c‡o
†`‡Lb Zvn‡j DcK…Z n‡eb e‡j aviYv Kwi| gvbeRxe‡bi wbõj I A_©nxb cÖZx¶vi h‰¿Yv,
nvnvKvi, AmnvqZ¡, nZvkv, A_©nxbZv, AwbðqZv, `ywe©ln †c․btcywbKZv, Rxe‡bi RwUj I
`ye©n fvi, cÖMvp K¬vw‰‭ BZ¨vwì Ggb Amvgvb¨ cÖZxKx wbg©vY Avi †Kv‡bv M‡í N‡U‡Q e‡j
g‡b c‡o bv| GwU QvovI Zuvi Av‡iv eû Mí wkíKzkjZvi P~ov ¯úk© K‡i‡Q| G cÖm‡½
weR‡bi i³gvsm, µxZ`vm µxZ`vmx, mg‡eZ cÖwZØ›Øx, †eu‡U †jv‡Ki Qvqv `xN©Zi n‡‛Q :
Gi gv‡b m~h©v¯„ Avmbœ, hLb mevB wQj Mf©eZx, ¯§„wZ, ïKibw›`bx, K_v e‡jv..., gvSLv‡bi
ìRv, gvZ…‡¯„vÎ cÖf„wZ M‡íi K_v GB gyn~‡Z© g‡b co‡Q|
GB †jLK‡ì evB‡iI cwðgevsjvq IB mgq GK`j kw³gvb K_vwkíxi Avwef©ve
N‡UwQj huviv GLb ch©‰‭ ILvbKvi me‡P‡q cÖfvekvjx †jLK| Awgqf~lY gRyg`vi, k¨vgj
M‡½vcva¨vq, †`‡ek ivq, KgjKzgvi gRy`g`vi, cÖdzjø ivq, `x‡cb e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq, gwZ b‱`x,
kPxb †f․wgK, cÖdzjø ¸ß, AZxb e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq, Ag‡j‱`y PµeZ©x, w`‡e¨‱`yy cvwjZ, Avb‱`
evMPx, mÄxe P‡Ævcva¨vq, •mq` gy¯‭vdv wmivR, KweZv wmsn, mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq, kx‡l©‱`y
gy‡Lvcva¨vq, bebxZv †è‡mb, gnv‡k¦Zv †èx cÖgLy G‡jb GB mg‡qB|
cwðgevsjvq cÂv‡ki †jL‡Kiv K_vmvwnZ¨‡K ¯úóB `y‡Uv avivq fvM K‡i
†d‡j‡Qb| mybxj-kx‡l©‱`yiv cÖavbZ mij fw½‡Z mnR‡eva¨ fvlvq RbwP‡Ëi K_v gv_vq †i‡L
wj‡L‡Qb AmsL¨ gb‡fvjv‡bv Kvwnbx| Ab¨w`‡K Awgqf~lY, †`‡ek Ges KgjKzgvi
m‡PZbfv‡eB wb‡R‡ì fvlvwU‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb bb-KwgDwb‡KwUf; gvbyl, gvbe-Rxeb I
c„w_exi Lye Mfx‡i †PvL †d‡j Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb Qov‡bv gwYgy³v|
71
mybxj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi M‡í Zvi ‡Yï myL-`ytL Avb‱`-†e`bv †hgb Av‡m, †Zgwb
MÖv‡gi `vwi`ªcxwoZ gvbyl wb‡qI Mí Av‡Q Zuvi, KL‡bv-KL‡bv †QvÆ GKwU cvwLi WvKI Zuvi
M‡íi welq n‡q I‡V| mnR mij fw½, †g`nxb fvlv Zuvi M‡`ï •ewkó¨| Kwe n‡qI wZwb
KweZvi cÖfve co‡Z †`bwb Zuvi Mí ev Dcb¨v‡m| ïay M‡íB bq, Dcb¨v‡mI wZwb cÖfve
•Zwi Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb| Zuvi GKv Ges K‡qKRb evsjv mvwn‡Zï GK gvBjdjK
Dcb¨vm| †mB Zzjbvq Zuvi AwZ weL¨vZ wUªjwR c~e© cwðg, †mB mgq, cÖ_g Av‡jv `ye©j
iPbv| hwÌ c~e© cwðg Dcb¨v‡mi Avw½K cieZ©xKv‡ji A‡bK †jLK‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q|
GwU Zuvi ¯^fv‡ei evB‡ii GKwU Dcb¨vm| GwU‡K Dcb¨vm bv-e‡j BwZnv‡mi mvsevw`K
WKz‡g‡‱Ukb ejvB fv‡jv| A_P GB Dcb¨v‡mi Avw½K †Kv‡bv-GK AÁvZ Kvi‡Y
evsjv‡`‡ki †jLK‡ì cQ‱` n‡q †M‡Q| ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì †RvQbv I Rbbxi Mí, Avwbmyj
n‡Ki gv GB avivi Dcb¨vm| GgbwK •mq` n‡Ki e„wó I we‡`ªvnxMY cÖ_g ms¯‥i‡Y †hgb
wQj, wØZxq ms¯‥i‡Y †ZgbwU †bB, c~e© cwð‡gi Avw½K MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q GB Dcb¨v‡mI!
A_©vr, mybxj wb‡RB ïay GKwU e¨_©-`ye©j Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¥ †`bwb, Av‡iv wKQy Amdj
Dcb¨v‡mi Rb¥cÖwµqv‡K Zivw‰^Z I DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb| Avi GLv‡bB mybx‡ji cÖfve-
cÖwZcwË †Ui cvIqv hvq| GKRb †jL‡Ki Amdj GKwU Dcb¨v‡mi hw` GZLvwb AbyKiY
nq, Zvn‡j Zuvi cÖfve †h KZ`~i ch©‰‭ we¯‭…Z †mUv Avi ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv|
Zxeª mgvR I ivRbxwZ-m‡PZb †jLK wQ‡jb Awgqf~lY gRyg`vi| bvbv ai‡bi welq
wb‡q Mí wjL‡jI Zuvi MíwelqK Av‡jvPbvq cÖvavb¨ cv‡e Avw½K I wbg©vY‡K․k‡ji
welqwUB| wZwb Lye m‡PZbfv‡eB Ggb GK fvlv •Zwi K‡iwQ‡jb †hwU RwUjZvc~Y©,
†g`nxb, AKvwe¨K A_P bv‱`wbK| kø_-wkw_j K_vi av‡iKv‡Q hvbwb wZwb| Avi GB fvlvi
gvicu¨v‡PB wZwb nvwRi K‡i‡Qb Acwic° ga¨weË m¤^‡Ü Zuvi AeÁv Avi A‰‭R‡kªYxi
gvbyl‡ì cÖwZ Zuvi ggZv| Zuvi PwiÎ¸‡jvI Ggb †h Zviv ïay wb‡RivB fv‡e bv,
cvVK‡ì‡KI fve‡Z eva¨ K‡i, Zviv wb‡RivI †jL‡Ki wgZK_‡bi cÖwZ gy» n‡qB nq‡Zv
b~¨bK_‡b wek¦vm K‡i| ZuvZx eD, `yjviwnb&‡ì DcK_v, A¨vfj‡bi mivB, Di‚Êx, Gcm&
A¨vÛ wcKK& cÖf„wZ Mí Zuvi GBme PvwiÎ¨‣ewkó¨ aviY K‡i Av‡Q| †`‡ek ivqI ivRbxwZ-
m‡PZb †jLK| gvby‡li Rxeb †h bvbvfv‡e ivRbxwZ-kvwmZ, ivRbxwZ-cxwoZ, ivRbxwZ-
cÖfvweZ; Ges GRb¨B ivR‣bwZK wek¦v‡mi m‡½ gvbweK m¤ú‡K©i GKUv dqmvjv ìKviÑ
GB welqwU †`‡ek ey‡S wb‡qwQ‡jb| cðvrf~wg, DØv¯‘, cv, AvwýKMwZ I gvSLv‡bi ìRv
cÖf„wZ M‡í Gm‡ei wPý Av‡Q| Zuvi fvlvwUI bb-KwgDwb‡KwUf, KL‡bv-KL‡bv KóKwíZ
e‡jI g‡b nq, †hgbwU nq Awgqf~l‡Yi †¶‡ÎI| Z‡e †`‡e‡ki mvdj¨ I ¯^xK…wZ G‡m‡Q
cÖavbZ Dcb¨v‡mi c_ a‡iB| wZ¯„vcv‡ii weËvš‭ I wZ¯„vcyivY Dcb¨vm `y‡Uv‡K evsjv
mvwn‡Zï cÖavb Dcb¨vm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ MY¨ Ki‡Z n‡e Av‡iv eûw`b| k¨vgj M‡½vcva¨vq Mí
wj‡L‡Qb cÖ_vMZ fw½i evB‡i wM‡q| Zuvi M‡íi welq cÖavbZ MÖv‡gi gvbyl A_ev kû‡i
kªgRxex gvbyl| Zuvi wPÎKígq eY©bvq wg‡k _v‡K cÖ‪Qb′ †K․ZzK| Kj‡Kcy‡ii †ijcyKzi,
Qvqvc~e©Mvwgbx, cix, nvRiv b¯‥‡ii hvÎvm½x cÖf„wZ Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí| A‰‭R †kªwYi,
we‡kl K‡i Avwèvmx‡ì, Rxeb wb‡q cÖPzi KvR K‡i‡Qb gnv‡k¦Zv †èx| Zv‡ì Rxebhvcb,
Zv‡ì Av‡eM, Zv‡ì R½gZv Ggb GK Abe`¨ fvlvq iƒcvqY K‡ib wZwb hvi D`vniY
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Avi †bB| ¯„b`vwqbx, †eûjv, †`ª․c`x, byb cÖf„wZ Mí Zuvi kw³gËvi cÖgvY
†`q|
72
cwðgevsjvq cÂv‡ki GB †jLKiv w`‡b w`‡b GZUvB cÖfvekvjx n‡q D‡V‡Qb †h,
cieZ©xKv‡ji K_vmvwZ¨K‡ì GB cÖfve-ejq †_‡K †ei ‡bvB KwVb n‡q D‡V‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K,
evsjv‡`‡k N‡U‡Q wfb′ NUbv| Pwjøk-cÂv‡ki †jLK‡ì cÖfve-ejq †_‡K †ewi‡q GLv‡b lvU
`k‡Ki †jLK‡ì nv‡Z K_vmvwn‡Zï wecyj DÌvb N‡U| •Zwi nq bZzb hvÎvc_| G wel‡q
c‡i K_v ejvi B‡‪Q iBj|
G iPbvi GB Ask Avgiv GLv‡bB _vwg‡q w`‡Z cviZvg| wK‰‧ Av‡iKRb AwZ
we¯§qKi †jLKÑ KgjKzgvi gRyg`viÑ †K wb‡q A‰‭Z K‡qKwU cO&w³ bv wjL‡j
DËivwaKv‡ii cÖm½wU Am¤ú~Y© i‡q hvq| KgjKzgv‡ii Avwef©ve cÂv‡ki `k‡K n‡jI Zuvi
g‡Zv Avi †Kv‡bv †jLKB cÖvq e¨vL¨vnxbfv‡e †`kfvM-cieZ©x evsjv mvwn‡Zï cÖengvb `y‡Uv
avivq GZ wecyj I Mfxi Av‡jvPbvi Rb¥ w`‡Z cv‡ibwb| Ôevsjv mvwn‡Zï e„nËg auvavÕ GB
†jLK‡K wb‡q †Kv‡bvw`bB †KD wbwðZ e¨vLv w`‡Z mvnmx nbwb| d‡j, Avgvi g‡b nq,
e¨vL¨vnxb AÁvZ Kvi‡YB wZwb evieviÑ we‡kl K‡i Zuvi cieZ©xKv‡ji cÖvq mg¯‭ Zi Y
†jLK‡KÑ we¯§qKifv‡e †NviMÖ¯‭ K‡i †i‡L‡Qb, A‰‭Z wKQyw`‡bi Rb¨ n‡jI| KgjKzgvi
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GKvB GKwU cÖwZôvb, Zuvi Av‡M-c‡i Zuvi g‡Zv †jLK Avi Av‡mbwb evsjv
mvwn‡Z¨| GLb ch©‰‭ A‡bKwKQyB Ae¨vL¨vZ †_‡K †M‡Q KgjKzgv‡ii| †hgb, Zuvi
c~e©eZ©xKv‡ji †jL‡Kiv hLb mvayfvlv w`‡q ïi  K‡i PjwZ fvlvq †kl K‡iwQ‡jb, wZwb
†nu‡UwQ‡jb Gi D‡ëv w`‡K| A_©vr cÖ_gw`‡K PjwZ fvlvq wjL‡jI c‡ii w`‡K mvayfvlvq
cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib wZwb Ges µgk †mB fvlv RwUj †_‡K RwUjZi n‡q I‡V, Ges †kl ch©‰ ‭
Ggb GK fvlvixwZ wbg©vY K‡ib hv ïay Zuv‡KB wPwb‡q w`‡q ¶v‰‭ nq bv, eis n‡q I‡V
AbbyKiYxq, wbwe©Kí| Zi Y eqm †_‡K hZB wZwb cwiYZ eq‡mi w`‡K GwM‡q‡Qb Z‡Zv
†ewk wbix¶vcÖeY n‡q D‡V‡Qb| cÖ_gw`‡Ki Mí jvj Ry‡Zv ev gayi m‡½ wbg Abœc~Y©v ev
K‡q`Lvbvi Zzjbv Ki‡jB Gi mZ¨Zv †Ui cvIqv hv‡e| Zuvi M‡í G‡`‡ki wK¬ó-wecb′
`xb`wi`ª gvbyl¸‡jv Mfxi m¤§v‡bi m‡½ wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q| gvby‡li cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZi e`‡j Zvi
wQj gh©v`v‡eva, d‡j Q‡K euvav mnvbyf~wZi Mí, Ki Yvi Mí wZwb †j‡Lbwb| gwZjvj cvìx,
Zvnv‡ì K_v, wbg Abœc~Y©v, K‡q`Lvbv, gwjøKv evnvi, †Mvjvc my›ìx, Aš„Rw© j hvÎv, Awb‡Zï
`vqfvM cÖf„wZ M‡íi †Kv‡bv Zzjbv nq bv| hv‡nvK, Zuvi m¤^‡Ü ZuviB mZx_© †jLK mybxj
M‡½vcva¨v‡qi GKwU D×…wZ w`‡q eis G cÖm‡½i BwZ Uvbv hvKÑ
ÔKgjKzgvi gRyg`vi evsjv mvwn‡Zï e„nËg auvav| GiKg †Kvb †jLK n‡Z
cv‡i bv, nIqv m¤¢e bq, A_P mwZ¨B KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi bv‡g GKRb
†jLK †ek K‡qK eQi evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ `vc‡Ui m‡½ wePiY K‡i †M‡Qb|
mvwnZ¨ wb‡q wZwb wK †Q‡j‡Ljv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, bv mvwnZ¨ Zvi
Aw¯ g¾vq wg‡k ü`wc‡Êi agwbi m‡½ mgw‰^Z n‡qwQj? G cÖ‡k′i DËi
cvIqv mnR bq| Avwg Zv‡K cÖvq •K‡kvi e‡qm †_‡K †`‡LwQ, eû eQi Zvi
m½ jvf K‡iwQ, Zey gvbylwU‡K wVK eyS‡Z cvwiwb| Zvi iPbv¸‡jvi g‡Zv
iPwqZvwUI `y‡ev©a¨ I inm¨gq|... `yÕGKwU Dcb¨vm I †ek K‡qKwU
†QvUM‡í hLb KgjKzgvi Avgv‡ì ¯‭w¤¢Z K‡i w`‡q‡Qb, Avgv‡ì g‡b
n‡q‡Q Ggb eY©vX¨, Ggb D‪P¯‭‡ii im, m¤ú~Y© evK-wef~wZm¤úb′ iPbv
Avgv‡ì AwfÁZvq Avi †bB, ZLbB KgjKzgvi †hb B‡‪Q K‡i Zuvi
cvVK‡ì `~‡i mwi‡q w`‡Z PvB‡jb| cyi¯‥vi wKsev A_©vMg m¤ú‡K© wb‡j©vf
73
Ges †gvngy³ _vK‡Z cv‡ib †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bv †jLK, wK‰‧ Ggb †jLK wK
m¤¢e, whwb cvVK Pvb bv? ... †gvU cuqlwÆ eQi †eu‡PwQ‡jb KgjKzgvi| Gi
g‡a¨ mvwn‡Z¨ g‡bvwb‡ek K‡iwQ‡jb †kl Kzwo eQi| Mí wj‡L‡Qb gvÎ
wZwikwU, ZvI `yÕwZbwU Amgvß| Gi g‡a¨ A‡a©K Mí fvebvi Hk¦‡h©,
cy‫‫‬Lvbycy‫‫‬L wbwg©wZ‡Z, Kve¨ I wPÎwk‡íi †gjeÜ‡b evsjv mvwn‡Zï ¯ vqx
m¤ú`| Avi wØZxqv‡a©i Mí¸‡jv fvlvi KwVb ey¨‡ni Kvi‡Y wVK gZb wePvi
Kiv hvq bv| †m¸‡jv wK GK †jL‡Ki Lvg‡Lqvj bv AviI eo m¤ú` Zv †K
Rv‡b! Avwg †mB Mí¸‡jvi i‡mi mÜvb GL‡bv cvBwb| gv‡S-gv‡SB †m¸‡jv
cwo, nq‡Zv mvivRxebB c‡o †h‡Z n‡e|Õ
euvK cwieZ©‡bi Mí
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv `„wóMÖvn¨ euvK cwieZ©b K‡i lv‡Ui `k‡K| Aw¯ iZvi mgq
wQj †mwU; Kx Avgv‡ì cwiPqÑ GB cÖk′ cÖej n‡q †`Lv w`‡qwQj ZLb| Z‡Zvw`‡b ag©wfwËK
ivóªZ‡Ë¡i †gvn †K‡U †M‡Q, µgk D‡b¥vwPZ n‡‪Q cvwK¯‭vwb‡ì cÖK…Z ¯îƒc, evOvwj ùvwo‡q
Av‡Q Zvi AvZ¥cwiP‡qi cÖk′ mvg‡b wb‡q, fve‡Z ïi  K‡i‡Q ¯^vwaKv‡ii K_vI| GKw`‡K
mvgwiK kvm‡bi huvZvK‡j wcó n‡‪Q mg¯‭ gvbeZv Ab¨w`‡K Pj‡Q Av‡‱`vjb-msMÖvg-
cÖwZ‡iva| GKw`‡K RvZxqZv‡eva I ¯^vZ‰¿¨‡eva wbg©v‡Yi cÖej-cÖPzi cÖwµqv, Ab¨w`‡K
evOvwji wei ‡× Ae¨vnZ loh‰¿| c~e©eZ©x A_©vr cÂv‡ki †jLKiv †hb wKQyUv nZf¤^ wQ‡jb
bZzb ivóªcÖvwß‡Z, lv‡Ui †jLKiv A‡bK †ewk w¯ i n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb AvZ¥cwiP‡qi cÖ‡k′| GB
A‡_© mgqwU bvbvw`K †_‡K msKU I wbg©v‡YiI e‡U| mvwn‡Zï f~wgwU ZL‡bv wQj wKQyUv
big-K`©gv³| exR‡¶Î wKfv‡e wbwg©Z n‡e †mwU wbf©i KiwQj †jLK‡ì IciB| GB Ø‱Ø I
msKUgyLi mg‡q lv‡Ui mvwnZ¨Kg©xiv wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb cÖ_v fvOvi A½xKvi, bZzb wKQy
wbg©v‡Yi Av‰‭wiK-DÏvg-D‪Q¡j cÖ‡Póv| Gi Rb¨ †h `xß-D¾¡j Zi Y †Mvôx cÖ‡qvRb, lv‡Ui
Zv wQjI| mwZ¨ K_v ej‡Z wK, lv‡Ui `kK evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ Dcnvi w`‡qwQj GKSuvK
D¾¡j mvwnZ¨Kg©xÑ wK K_vmvwn‡Z¨, Kx KweZvq, wK cÖeÜ ev mgv‡jvPbvqÑ GK m‡½ GZ
AwaKmsL¨K kw³kvjx †jL‡Ki AvMgb Avi †Kv‡bv mgq N‡Uwb| GKUz Av‡M-c‡i
evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi K‡qKRb w`KcvjÑ nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, gvngy`yj nK, AvLZvi ¾vgvb
Bwjqvm I Avãyj gvb′vb •mq`Ñ G‡jb GB mg‡qB| Guiv mevB Amvgvb¨ cÖwZfvevb,
RvZwkíx| ïay Guiv bb, lv‡Ui †jLK‡ì ZvwjKvq AviI K‡qKR‡bi bvg kª×v †c‡Z cv‡iÑ
†R¨wZcÖKvk `Ë, nvmbvZ Ave`yj nvB, ivnvZ Lvb, wiwRqv ingvb, Aveyk kvKzi, cyiex emy,
Kv‡qm Avn‡g`, ekxi Avj †njvj, wecÖ`vk eo‬qv, Avng` Qdv, myeªZ eo‬qv, ikx` nvq`vi,
†mwjbv †nv‡mb, mvhhv` Kvwì, knx`yi ingvb, ûgvqyb †P․ayix cÖgLy | Gu‡ì nvZ a‡iB
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv `„wóMÖvn¨ euvK cwieZ©b K‡i|
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨-i wPi †cÖ¶vc‡U GK we¯§qKi PwiÎ| wZwb
ïayB MíKvi, Dcb¨v‡mi av‡i-Kv‡Q Lye GKUv hvbwb (GB wKQzw`b Av‡M †Kej wZwb Zuvi
cÖ_g Dcb¨vm wjL‡jb), ïaygvÎ MíPP©v K‡iI †h †`‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖavb †jL‡K cwiYZ nIqv
hvq wZwb Zvi cÖZ¨¶ cÖgvY| mgv‡Ri ¶‡q hvIqv, wb®cÖÖf, m¤¢vebvnxb, civwRZ gvbyl Zuvi
Mí-fye‡bi cÖavb Abyl½| †kªwY-•el‡gï GB mgv‡R Zuvi M‡íi cÖvmw½KZv ZvB Ab¯^xKvh©|
Avi ïay †kªwY-m‡PZbZvi K_vB-ev ewj †Kb, wZwb Zuvi M‡í KZfv‡e †f‡OPz‡i †h Rxeb I
74
c„w_ex‡K †`wL‡q‡Qb, KZ¸‡jv †KvY †_‡K †h Rxe‡bi Ici Av‡jv †d‡j‡Qb Zvi †Kv‡bv
wnmve-wbKvk †bB| Zuvi M‡í mgvR I Rxeb m¤^‡Ü †Kv‡bv fvewejvm †bB, †hfv‡e †`‡Lb
wVK †Zgb K‡iB Zz‡j Avb‡Z cÖqvmx nb| GZUzKz Av‡eM †bB †Kv_vI, ¯^c′ Av‡Q e‡U, †bB
¯^c′ wb‡q †gvnMÖ¯‭Zv| Ges Zuvi fvlvÑ G Ggb GK m¤ú` †h Zuvi Mí cv‡Vi mgq KweZv
cv‡Vi Avb‱` nq, M`¨fvlv‡K wZwb GgbB GK DuPz ch©v‡q wb‡q †M‡Qb| 1939-G Rb¥ nvmvb
AvwRRyj n‡Ki, Avi †jLK wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb lv‡Ui `k‡K| •K‡kv‡iB cÖZ¨¶
K‡i‡Qb †`kfv‡Mi g‡Zv gg©‰‧` NUbv, `yB e‡½i gvby‡li †`kZ¨v‡Mi †e`bvÑ wZwb wb‡RI
¯^‡`k †Q‡o GB evsjvq w_Zz n‡q‡Qb, mv¤cÖ`vwqK †fèyw× w`‡q GKwU RvwZi cwiPq
wbg©v‡Yi †Póv, `v½v-nv½vgv-`ywf©¶, gvby‡li Ki Y †eu‡P _vKv, Avi GmewKQyi g‡a¨ evOvwji
cÖwZ‡iva-†PZbvi ù‚iY I weKvk| evOvwji GB msKUgyLi mg‡q, fvOb I wbg©v‡Yi GB
cÖwµqvq nvmvb Ges Zuvi mnhvÎxiv eivei h_v_© mvov w`‡q‡Qb| GmewKQyi wPý cvIqv hv‡e
Zuvi M‡í, bvbvfv‡e, bvbv gvÎvq|
evOvwji Rxe‡b A‡bK KweZv †hgb ¯§„wZi A‰‭M©Z n‡q †M‡Q, †Zgwb †M‡Q nvmv‡bi
K‡qKwU MíI| Ggb †Kv‡bv Mí-cvVK †bB whwb AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ AmsLëvi
c‡obwb, Kvi‡Y-AKvi‡Y MíwUi K_v Zvi g‡b c‡owb| c„w_exi mKj mdj †jLKB Avm‡j
¯§iY‡hvM¨ †jLK, D×…wZ‡hvM¨ †jLK| †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bv †jLK‡K †h Rxe‡bi bvbv ch©v‡q, bvbv
cÖ‡qvR‡b Avgiv D×…Z Kwi, Zvi KviYÑ Zuv‡ì †jLv¸‡jv Avgv‡ì g‡b Mfxifv‡e †iLvcvZ
K‡i‡Q, Avgv‡ì Rxeb‡K †Kv‡bv-bv-†Kv‡bvfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| nvmvbI †Zgb †jLK|
IB MíwU QvovI Av‡iv A‡bK M‡íi K_vB GK wbtk¦v‡m e‡j hvIqv hvq, †h¸‡jv, aviYv
KwiÑ evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ BwZg‡a¨B ¯ vqx Avmb †M‡o wb‡q‡Q| †hgbÑ Z…òv, gb Zvi
kw“Lbx, AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ, Avg„Zz¨ AvRxeb, †kvwYZ †mZz, LuvPv, Rxeb N‡l Av¸b,
bvgnxb †MvÎnxb, mv¶vrKvi, cvewjK mv‡f©›U, gv-†g‡qi msmvi BZ¨vw`|
Av‡MB e‡jwQ, evOvwji BwZnv‡mi bvbv c‡e© nvmvb mvov w`‡q‡Qb, wj‡L‡Qb PgrKvi
me Mí| †`kfvM wb‡q AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ, LuvPv, DËi em‡š‭, GKwU wbR©j K_v,
mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v wb‡q cievmx, EbmË‡ii MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi †cÖ¶vcU wb‡q †kvwYZ †mZz,
gyw³hy× wb‡q bvgnxb †MvÎnxb, K…òc‡¶i w`b, †div cÖf„wZ M‡í Zuvi GB mvovi cwiPq
cvIqv hv‡e| Avevi cvZv‡j nvmcvZv‡j, cvewjK mv‡f©›U, Lbb cÖf„wZ M‡í nvmvb AvwRRyj
nK Zuvi ivRbxwZ-gb¯‥Zvi cwiPq †i‡L‡Qb| ïay ivR‣bwZKB bq, Zuvi M‡í aiv c‡o‡Q GB
evsjvi `xN© GKwU mg‡qi mvgvwRK BwZnvmI| hwÌ cÖavbZ mgv‡Ri fOyi I ¶wqòz iƒc
Ges gvbyl¸‡jvi `y`©kvMÖ¯‭ RxebhvcbB Zuvi AwaKvsk M‡íi cÖavb Abyl½ wn‡m‡e G‡m‡Q
Zey, mgvR I Gi †fZ‡i evm Kiv gvbyl¸‡jvi msKU I m¤¢vebv, Zv‡ì Avkv I AvKv‫¶‫‬v,
Avb‱` I †e`bv, ¯^c′ I ¯^c′f½, ¶‡q hvIqv I M‡o †Zvjv GmewKQyB wbcyY KzkjZvq
Gu‡K‡Qb wZwb| †`wL‡q‡Qb, mg¯‭ msKU, nZvkv, Avi fvOb wb‡qI gvbyl¸‡jvi †eu‡P _vKvi
AvKv‫¶‫‬v Kx Zxeª! Z…òv, gv I †g‡qi msmvi, gvwU-cvlv‡Yi e„Ëvš„, wewj eë¯’v cÖf„wZ Mí Gi
cÖgvY †`q|
nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki Mí GZ eûgvwÎK, GZ AmsL¨ w`K wb‡q K_v ejv hvq Zuvi
Mí m¤^‡Ü †h, GKwU gvÎ †jLvq Zv cÖKvk Kiv Am¤¢e| Zuvi M‡í aiv c‡o‡Q evOvwji cÖvq
Aa©-kZvãxi BwZnvm| ïay ivR‣bwZK BwZnvm bq, e¨w³i BwZnvmÑ Zvi fvOv-Mov, Zvi
`ytL-Kó-nZvkv, Zvi msMÖvg, Zvi AvKv‫¶‫‬v, Zvi Rxeb-hvcb; mvgvwRK BwZnvmÑ Zvi
75
cZb, weKvi I weKvk, Zvi cwieZ©b, Zvi m¤¢vebv, I m¤¢e-bv GB mewKQy| Zuvi M‡íB wZwb
e‡j w`‡q‡QbÑ Bw½‡Z I Bkvivq, wkwíZ KzkjZvqÑ †Kvb ai‡bi mgvR Zuvi Kvg¨| †h cÖPÊ
a″s‡mi Qwe Auv‡Kb wZwb, †mwU †Kej ev¯‭eZvi wkwíZ iƒc †èvi Rb¨B bq, eis GBme
eY©bv w`‡q wZwb cvVK-g‡b RvwM‡q †Zv‡jb †¶vf I †e`bv, eywS‡q †`bÑ GiKg mgvR
Avgv‡ì Kvg¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv, gvby‡li Rb¨ Avgiv PvB GKwU †kvlYgy³-`vwi`ª¨gy³-`y`©kvgy³-
D¾¡j-cÖvYe‰‭-gvbweK mgvR| Zuvi Mí ZvB †kl ch©‰‭ †Kej Mí n‡qB _v‡K bv, n‡q I‡V
evOvwji BwZnv‡mi Ges evOvwji AvKv‫¶‫‬vi cÖvgvY¨ `wjj|
G mg‡qiB Av‡iKRb RvZwkíx gvngy`yj nK| Zuvi L¨vwZ I mvdj¨ Dcb¨v‡mi c_
†e‡q G‡jI, Zuvi `ywUgvÎ MíMÖ‰  cÖwZw`b GKwU i‚gvj I wbe©vwPZ Mí Ges AviI wKQy
AMÖw‰ Z Mí cvV‡Ki ¯§„wZ‡Z D¾¡j n‡q Av‡Q| gvngy`yj nK n‡‪Qb †mB inm¨gq †jLK‡ì
GKRb huvi cÖwZwU iPbv cvVK‡K Av‡jvwoZ K‡i, huvi MÖ‰ cÖKvk gb¯‥ cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q GKwU
mymsev` e‡q Av‡b| Lye †ewk Mí †j‡Lbwb wZwb, Zey Zuv‡K Qvov Avgv‡ì M‡íi Av‡jvPbv
Am¤ú~Y© †_‡K hvq| gvngy`yj nK Zuvi M‡í Lye †ewk K_v e‡jb bv KL‡bv, eis Zuv‡K ejv
hvq mshgx, Av‡e‡Mi ivk †U‡b-aiv †jLK| Ab¨vb¨ †jLKiv †h `„k¨c‡Ui we¯‭…Z eY©bvi
†jvf mvgjv‡Z cv‡ib bv, †miKg `„‡kï eY©bvqI wZwb _v‡Kb wbivm³; Ges cQ‱` K‡ib
Bw½Z w`‡ZÑ KL‡bv-KL‡bv G‡KKwU Bw½ZB Zuvi Mí n‡q I‡V, KL‡bv GKwUgvÎ evK¨
M‡íi cwiYwZ wba©viY K‡i, KL‡bv-ev GKwU gvÎ `„k¨Kí M‡íi †cÖ¶vcU cv‡ë †`q|
gvngy`yj n‡Ki PwiÎ¸‡jv AwaKvsk †¶‡ÎB Rxeb hvc‡b ¤øvb-wgªqgvY-e¨_© I wbt¯^| Zv‡ì
AvPvi-AvPiY, K_vevZ©v, nvefve ¯úóZB e‡j †`qÑ Zv‡ì Rxe‡b †Kv‡bv-GKUv ANUb N‡U
†M‡Q wKsev cÖwZwbqZ ANUb N‡UB P‡j‡Q| GB PwiÎ¸‡jv welY′′ I wbtm½, Rxe‡bi
cÖvZ¨wnKZvq †egvbvb I †eLvàvÑ Aby¾¡j I m¤¢vebvnxb Zv‡ì Rxebhvcb| d‡j †`Lv hvq,
•`bw‱`b e¨_©Zv I `ytL‡eva XvK‡Z Zviv Avkªq †bq Zv‡ì †d‡j-Avmv †mvbvi •kk‡e|
KL‡bv-KL‡bv nq‡Zv •kkewUI ¯^Y©vjx bq, Zey Zviv wdi‡Z Pvq †mLv‡bBÑ KviY ILv‡b
Avkªq Av‡Q, A‡eva Avb‱` Av‡Q, `ytL‡ev‡ai wecix‡Z my‡Li wekvj AvKvk Av‡Q| hZ wKQyB
NUzKÑ gvbyl Lye fv‡jv, gvbyl Lye my‱ìÑ GB n‡‪Q cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q gvngy`yj n‡Ki †g‡mR|
mg¯‭ M‡íi g‡a¨ w`‡q wZwb Zuvi cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q cÖavbZ GB K_vwUB ej‡Z PvbÑ me wKQyi
ciI gvbyl BwZevPK cÖvYx; gvbeZvi c‡¶, gvby‡li c‡¶, gvbeRxe‡bi c‡¶ gvngy`j y n‡Ki
GB `„p Ae¯ vbB Zuvi M‡íi cÖvY| •nie I •fie, Kv‡jv gvdjvi, eyjy I Po”B, cÖwZw`b
GKwU i‚gvj, gbmv gv‡Mv cÖfw„ Z Mí Zuvi cÖwZfvi cwiPq enb Ki‡Q| Dcb¨v‡mI wZwb
†`wL‡q‡Qb AmvaviY mvdj¨| Kv‡jv eid evsjv mvwn‡Zï Av‡iKwU gvBjdjK Dcb¨vm;
Rxeb Avgvi †evb, Abyi cvVkvjv Ges †LjvNi Dcb¨vm¸‡jvI bvbv Kvi‡Y Av‡iv eûKvj
ch©‰‭ Dcb¨vm-cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q ¸i Z¡c~Y© n‡q _vK‡e|
Av‡iKwU Kvi‡Y gvngy`yj nK evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ we‡klfv‡e ¸i Z¡ cv‡eb| wZwb Zuvi
Mí-Dcb¨v‡m Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k †h fvlvnxb wecyj RMr i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì‡K w`‡q K_v
ewj‡q‡Qb| Zuvi iPbvq cvwL K_v e‡j, K_v e‡j e„¶ I b`x, dzj I cvZv, GgbwK
RoRMr‡KI wZwb K‡i †Zv‡jb Abyf‚wZm¤úb′| `y-GKwU D`vniY †`qv hvKÑ
Ò...†MvUvMÖvg Ry‡o wQj K`‡gi eb, el©vi b`x ax‡i g‰ i MwZ‡Z †du‡c †du‡c
D‡V †k‡l K`‡gi e‡b wM‡q B‡‪Q K‡i c_ nvwi‡h ÔG Avgvi wK nj †MvÕ
fvb a‡i †Q‡jgvbywl‡Z †g‡Z DV‡Zv| GLb MÖvg wK MÖvg DRvi; †`kjvB‡qi
76
KviLvbv wM‡j †d‡j‡Q mewKQy| K`‡gi †m ebI †bB, b`xi †mB
†Q‡jgvbywlI †bB; GLb B‡‪Q nj †Zv GK avi‡m me fvwm‡q w`‡jv, mewKQz
a″sm K‡i w`‡jv, ÔAvwg †Zvgv‡ì †K, Avgvi hv B‡‪Q ZvB KieÕ fveLvbv
Ggb|Ó (•nie I •fie/ cÖwZw`b GKwU i‚gvj)|
GB AskwU c‡o wK g‡b nq bv, GB b`xiI cÖvY Av‡Q, Av‡Q Zxeª Abyf‚wZ! wKsevÑ
Ò...GKUv gvQivOv Mjvcvwb‡Z bvgv wnR‡ji Wv‡j wM‡q em‡jv| GUv GKUv
m¤úK©... AwjwLZÑ hyM hyM a‡i GBfv‡e P‡j Avm‡Q mewKQz| bv em‡jI
P‡j gvQivOvi, GKUv Ava‡Wvev Lvov KwÂi Ici em‡jI Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wm×
nq, Zey wnR‡ji GKUv kvLv, †MvQv †MvQv cvZvi g‡bvig GKUv Avovj †m
hLb †e‡Q †bq, ZLb GK ai‡bi wbf©ikxjZv mZ¨ n‡q I‡V| eo ¶wY‡Ki
GB m¤úK©, Zey wè¨Kvw‰‭|Ó (Kv‡jv eid, c„.65-66)
A_evÑ
Ò...wK Aweij wb‡R‡K wewj‡q w`‡qwQj gv| GgbwKQzB wQj bv, hvi †Kv‡bv
cÖ‡qvRb †bB, hv KL‡bv msmv‡ii †Kv‡bv Kv‡R jvM‡e bv| mewKQz wQj
Av`‡ii|... Zz‪Q Kz‡UvMvPv †_‡K nvZ-†ewo-Lyw‰‭iI Awfgvb wQj, ZvivI
†evanq gv e‡j WvK‡Z wk‡LwQj| g‡b nZ Acivax, NwUevwUi Kv‡Q,
Ni‡`v‡ii Kv‡Q, weQvbv-evwjk-†jc-†Zvl‡Ki Kv‡Q| mvgvb¨ †h †db‡djv
Mvgjv, nuvwoaiv b¨vZv, Ni‡cvQv b¨vZv, wZj wZj K‡i †m Aciv‡ai K_v
Zv‡ìI †evanq GK mgq Rvbv n‡q †h‡Zv|Ó(Kv‡jv eid, c„.67)
GiKg bgybv AviI cÖPzi †`qv hv‡e, Avi bv-evwo‡q eis †kl Kiv hvK Av‡iKwU
D`vniY w`‡qÑ
Òhnb gwbwl¨ AvwQj bv, Znb evRbv AvwQj, ce©Z evBRv DV‡Q, Rj evBRv
DV‡Q, gvwU evBRv DV‡Q, awiwÎ evBRv DV‡Q, evBRv DV‡Q AvKvk evBRv
DV‡Q gbyl¨Rb¥, evBRv DV‡Q gbyläg©, evBRv DV‡Q gvbeRxeb, ...evey
ûbZv‡Qb? Xv‡K †Kg‡b K_v KBZv‡Q ûBbv `¨v‡nb| `kLywk evey, †P․ÏgvÎv,
gvbeRxeb K_v KBZv‡Q evey! `kLywk evey, †P․ÏgvÎv, gbyläg© †evj
ZzjZv‡Q, AvwLR‡j AvwLR‡j, Ujgj Ujgj, aivZi aivZj, imvZj, nv...Ó
(•nie I •fie/ cÖwZw`b GKwU i‚gvj)
wcÖq cvVK, Avwg K‡qKwUgvÎ D`vniY w`‡q welqwUi cÖwZ Avcbv‡ì `„wó AvKl©Y
Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ, wK‰‧ Avcbviv GKUz j¶ Ki‡jB GiKg Av‡iv AmsL¨ D`vniY Luy‡R
cv‡eb| Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡ki GB wecyj m„wóRMrÑ hv wKQz wbtkã, hv wKQz kãgq, hv wKQz
`„k¨‡MvPi, `„k¨vZxZÑ Zvi mewKQziB †h wbR¯^ fvlv Av‡Q, AvgivB †Kej Zv eyS‡Z cvwi
77
bv; wZwb †hgb †mw`‡K Avgv‡ì †PvL wdwi‡q‡Qb †Zgwb †mB fvlvwU‡K eyS‡Z †P‡q‡Qb,
†P‡q‡Qb GB m„wóRM‡Zi m‡½ gvby‡li AwjwLZ wè¨Kvw‰‭ m¤úK©wU Avwe®‥vi Ki‡Z| GB
GKwU RvqMvq gvngy`yj nK G‡Kev‡iB BDwbK, GiKg D`vniY Avi GKwUI cvIqv hv‡e
bv|
†jLv‡jwLi cÖv_wgK c‡e© AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi Mí A‰‭gL©y x AvZ¥K_‡b ficyi,
Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` Zuvi GB cÖeYZv‡K gwe©wWwU e‡j AvL¨v w`‡qwQ‡jb| wK‰‧, Avgiv †`wL,
cÖvq GK hy‡Mi GK inm¨gq weiwZi ci mË‡ii gvSvgvwS‡Z hLb Avevi †jLv‡jwL‡Z
wdi‡jb Bwjqvm, Z‡Zvw`‡b wb‡R‡K Avg~j e`‡j †d‡j‡Qb wZwb| Zuvi cÖKvwkZ MÖ‰ fy³
Mí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wbi‚‡Ïk hvÎv Qvov Avi †Kv‡bvwU‡ZB cÖv_wgK c‡e©i wb`k©b †bB, †mwU cÖ_g
MíMÖ‰  Ab¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯î-G msKwjZ, Avi IB GKB MÖ‡‰ i wØZxq Mí Drme-B Zuvi e`‡j
hvIqvi cwiPq enb Ki‡Q| cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb mgvR-ev¯‭eZvi aª c`x wPÎKi Ges cÖvq
AcÖwZØ‱Øx| gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi ci GB avivq Zuvi g‡Zv GZ m~²`k©x wbcyY Míwkíx
weij| mgv‡Ri Avcv`g¯‭K Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb wZwb| ev¯‭eZvi wPÎ‡Y Av‡cvmnxb, Zey cvV‡Ki
Ic‡i †Kv‡bv wKQy Pvwc‡q †`bwb, PwiÎ¸‡jvi Ic‡i A‡nZzK Av‡ivc K‡ibwb wecø‡ei
†evSv| Zuvi Mí co‡j cvV‡Ki g‡b n‡Z eva¨ †h, GB mgvReë¯ v, GB Rxeb-c×wZ
†Kv‡bvfv‡eB Kvg¨ bqÑ wK‰‧ †KvbwU Kvg¨ I MÖnY‡hvM¨, †m wm×v‰‭ †bevi `vwqZ¡ wZwb
cvV‡Ki we‡ePbvi IciB †Q‡o w`‡Z Pvb| Avi G Rb¨B Zuvi Mí n‡q I‡V cvV‡Ki wbR¯^
m¤ú` Ges GKwU mdj KvjRqx M‡íi GwUB cÖavb •ewkó¨ †h †m cvV‡Ki GKv‰‭ m½x n‡q
I‡V| weijcÖR wQ‡jb Bwjqvm| cÖvq wÎk eQ‡ii mvwnZ¨Rxe‡b Zuvi MímsL¨v 25| Lye †ewk
†j‡Lbwb e‡U, wK‰‧ hv wj‡L‡Qb Zvi cÖwZwU kãI †hb Mfxi wP‰‭vfvebv K‡i wj‡L‡Qb wZwb|
Zuvi M‡íi welqI Awfbe| wZwb, GgbwK, hLb bvMwiK gvbyl wb‡q wj‡L‡Qb ZLb IB eûj
eëüZ ga¨weË‡ì avi av‡ibwb, eis cyi‡bv XvKvi bvbv †kªwY-†ckvi evwm‱`viv Zuvi M‡í
D‡V G‡m‡Q| GB Mí¸‡jvi ¯^v` G‡Kev‡iB Avjv`v, Ab¨ †Kv_vI cvVKiv GB ¯^v` cv‡eb
bv| ga¨weË Rxeb wb‡qI wZwb `y-GKwU Mí wj‡L‡Qb e‡U, wK‰‧ †m¸‡jv‡Z Zv‡ì wbZ¨w`‡bi
`ytLKó, nv-ûZvk, AvnvRvwi BZ¨vwì †`Lv cvIqv hvq bv, cvIqv hvq GK bM′-exfrm
ga¨weË‡KÑ hvi my‱ì dzidz‡i kv‡U©i wb‡P jywK‡q Av‡Q Kzô‡ivMxi g‡Zv `M`‡M-wekªx-Kzrwmr
Nv| hv‡nvK, GZ Aí wj‡L mvwnZ¨RM‡Z wb‡Ri bvgwU whwb ¯ vqxfv‡e wjwce× K‡i ivLvi
†hvM¨Zv iv‡Lb, Zuvi w`‡K g‡bv‡hvM bv-w`‡q Dcvq _v‡K bv| Avi g‡bv‡hvM w`‡j Avgiv
†`wLÑ wK welqfvebv, wK PwiÎwPÎY, wK eY©bvf½x mewKQz‡ZB Bwjqvm wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb GK
Avðh© e¨wZµgx RMr| Rxeb‡K wZwb †`‡LwQ‡jb Mfxifv‡eÑ G‡Kev‡i Wzeywii †PvL wb‡q,
Ges Zvi meUzKzB eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Ggb GK f½x‡Z †hb †Pv‡Li mvg‡bB NU‡Q GZmewKQz;
PwiÎ wPÎ‡Y Z_vKw_Z AvwfRvZ¨ wZwb gv‡bbwb †Kv‡bvw`b Ges eënvi K‡i‡Qb Ggb GK
fvlv hv •`bw‱`b Rxeb †_‡K GZUzKz Avjv`v bq| mvnmx wZwbÑ Rxeb‡K fqsKi bM′fv‡e
Zz‡j ai‡Z Zuvi KzÉv †bB †Kv‡bvÑ Kzkwj †Zv e‡UB, gb¯‥ cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q Zuvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
ZvB cÖk′vZxZ| gvbyl Ges Zvi RxebhvÎv Ges Zvi cwicvk¦© Zuvi Kj‡g wPwÎZ nq mKj
m¤¢vebvmnÑ Zvi †cÖg-Kvg-fv‡jvevmv-†m′n-ggZv-†µva-nZvkv-cÖwZ‡kva¯ú„nv-cÖZ¨vkv wKsev
nvwmKvb′v myL`ytL Avb‱`-†e`bvi g‡Zv Abyf~wZmÄvZ welq¸‡jv †hgb †Zgwb Zvi _y_y-Kvwk-
gj-g~Îmn| hv wKQz wbwg©Z nq Zuvi nv‡ZÑ nq cÖvq wbcyY cwic~Y©Zvq| Bwjqv‡mi wgwji nv‡Z
†÷bMvb, Drme, wbi‚‡Ïk hvÎv, hyMje›`x, Kvbœv, `yafv‡Z DrcvZ, KxUbvk‡Ki KxwZ©,
78
†Luvqvwi, †`vR‡Li Ig, AcNvZ, Rvj ¯^cœ ¯^‡cœi Rvj cÖf„wZ Mí AviI eûKvj evsjv Mí‡K
†M․ie †`‡e| ïay M‡íB bq, evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi BwZnv‡m gvÎ `y‡Uv Dcb¨vmÑ wP‡j‡KvVvi
†mcvB Ges †LvqvebvgvÑ w`‡qB wZwb wb‡Ri bvgwU ¯ vqx K‡i †dj‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb|
Avãyj gvb′vb •mq` mgvRev¯‭eZvi av‡iKv‡QI hvbwb| Zuvi Mí aª c`x gvÎv †c‡q‡Q
gvby‡li A‰‭‡j©vK wPÎvq‡Yi Kzkwj mdjZvq| gvbeg‡bi eûwewPÎ wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi m~²
wPÎ‡Y Zvi Zzjbv †gjv fvi| mgvRev¯‭eZvi Avengvb aviv †_‡K wKQyUv m‡i ùvwo‡q wZwb
cÖavbZ gvbyl‡K Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb Zvi A‰‭‡j©v‡Ki cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z, Zvi mg¯‭ AvKzjZv-AvKzwZ,
Av‡eM-Av‡ek, we¯§q-wewfb′Zv, fq-fvebv Avi Gm‡ei A ¢yZ-AmvaviY e¨vL¨vmn| Gw`K
†_‡K †`L‡j Bwjqv‡mi wecixZ †gi ‡Z Zuvi Ae¯ vb| e¯‧Z Bwjqvm I gvb′vb •mq`
Mímvwn‡Zï `y‡Uv kvLvq †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb Avcb †hvM¨Zvq| Zuvi Pvwe, gvQ, gvZ…nb‡bi
bv›`xcvV, Aw¯„Z¡ Ab¨Î cÖf„wZ Mí wkíKzkjZvi cwiPq †`q| mvwn‡Zï bvbv kvLvq KvR
Kivq, we‡kl K‡i M‡elYvq AwZwi³ mgq e¨q Kivi Kvi‡Y Zuvi m„Rbkxj KvR¸‡jv
¶wZMÖ¯‭ n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b Kwi Avwg| Zuvi g‡Zv GKRb kw³gvb Kwe I MíKvi †Kb Ave`ym
mvËv‡ii Rxeb I mvwnZ¨ wb‡q M‡elYv K‡i mgq bó Ki‡eb †mwU †evSv mwZ¨B gykwKj!
lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †h Zi Y †jL‡Kiv wjUj g¨vMvwRb‡K †K‱`ª K‡i GKwÎZ n‡qwQ‡jb,
wfb′ KÉ¯î wbg©v‡Y m‡Pó n‡qwQ‡jb, bvbv ai‡bi cix¶v-wbix¶v K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki M‡í
G‡bwQ‡jb bZzb‡Z¡i ¯^v`, ivnvZ Lvb Zuv‡ì m‡½ wQ‡jb bv| GB avivi evB‡i †_‡KB wZwb
Zuvi wb‡Ri Rb¨ GKwU ¯^Z‰¿ ¯ vb wbg©vY Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb lv‡Ui Ab¨vb¨ †jLK †_‡K
Avjv`v, m¤¢eZ Zuvi weKv‡ki Rb¨ mËiB cÖ‡hvR¨ wQj, wK‰‧ G mg‡q G‡m †`Lv †MjÑ wK
wel‡q wK cÖKi‡Y ev fvlvq Zuv‡K †hgb lv‡Ui Pwi‡Îi m‡½ †gjv‡bv hv‡‪Q bv, hv‡‪Q bv
mË‡ii m‡½IÑ †hb GK wbtm½ wPÎKi wbR©‡b Gu‡K P‡j‡Qb Zuvi cwicv‡k¦©i wPÎ| GK
Amvgvb¨ wbivm³ `„wó wb‡q ivnvZ Lvb Zuvi M‡í Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb Zuvi mgKvj I cwicv‡k¦©i wPÎ
Gi mg¯‭ Av‡jv-AÜKvimn, msKU-m¤¢vebvmn Avi Gi g‡a¨ Rxebhvcb Kiv gvbyl¸‡jv D‡V
G‡m‡Q Zv‡ì mKj Avkv-AvKv‫¶‫‬v-Kó-K¬vw‰‭-fv‡jvevmv-ggZv-wb¯ú„nZv-wew‪Qb′Zvmn|
Zvi ‡Yï nZvkv, civRq, †cÖg I AvKv‫¶‫‬v, gyw³hy‡×i cÖvwß I nviv‡bvi wPÎ wbcyY KzkjZvq
Zz‡j Av‡bb wZwb| Zuvi Mí mgvb `¶Zvq MÖvg I bMiRxeb‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i| bvMwiK
J`vmxb¨ I wbivmw³ †hgb, †Zgwb MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi Avengvb ¶zavi nvnvKvi wZwb mgvb
gywÝqvbvq Zz‡j Av‡bb| Pzwo, fv‡jv g‡›ì UvKv ev Avgv‡ì wele„¶ wKsev Bgvb Avjxi
g„Zzï g‡Zv Mí Lye kw³kvjx †jLK bv-n‡j †jLv m¤¢e bq|
evsjv Mí Zvi R‡b¥i ci †_‡KB cÖavbZ AvL¨vbcÖavb| MíKviiv Zuv‡ì M‡í hv
wKQz ej‡Z Pvb Zv e‡jb GKwU ÔMíÕ‡K †K‱`ª K‡i| A_©vr M‡í GKwU ÔMíÕ ev AvL¨vb _vK‡e
GUvB evsjv M‡íi RbwcÖq Ges me©vwaK cÖPwjZ ixwZ| wK‰‧ GB ixwZi evB‡iI wKQz Mí
†jLv n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡k †h¸‡jv‡Z AvL¨vb‡K cÖavb K‡i †Zvjv nqwb, eis cÖvavb¨ †`qv
n‡q‡Q Abyfw~ Z‡K| GB Mí¸‡jv‡K Avwg Abyf‚wZ-cÖavb Mí wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Ki‡Z PvB|
Bwjqv‡mi wbi‚‡Ïk hvÎv †mB ai‡bi Mí| GB M‡í †Zgb †Kv‡bv mymsnZ ÔMíÕ †bB, wK‰‧
i‡q‡Q Ggb wKQz hv co‡j cvV‡Ki ü`q GK †Kvgj Mfxi Abyf‚wZ‡Z Avµv‰‭ nq, evievi
MíwU cvV Ki‡Z B‡‪Q K‡i, cvV Ki‡j GK ai‡bi †Nvi-I •Zwi nq| gvngy`yj n‡Ki •nie
I •fie MíwUi †¶‡ÎI GgbwU N‡U| GB M‡í GKwU ÔMíÕ _vKv m‡Ë¡I cÖavb n‡q I‡V
Abyf‚wZ| Z‡e G¸‡jv wew‪Qb′ D`vniYÑ Abyf‚wZcÖavb Mí †jLv Bwjqvm wKsev gvngy`yj n‡Ki
79
g~j cÖeYZv bq| GB avivq eis A‡bK †ewk KvR K‡i‡Qb †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë| ejv hvq, GB
avivi Mí iPbvi †¶‡Î wZwb `yB evsjvi †cÖ¶vc‡UB ¸i Z¡c~Y©| AvL¨v‡bi w`‡K †h Zuvi Lye
GKUv g‡bv‡hvM ev AvMÖn †bB, Mí¸‡jvi AvqZb †`L‡jB †mB Bw½Z cvIqv hvqÑ Zuvi
AwaKvsk MíB †QvUgv‡ci| wK‰‧ GB ai‡bi M‡íi GKUv Amyweav njÑ †jL‡Ki Aw‰^ó
Abyf~wZUv cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q †cu․‡Q w`‡Z bv cvi‡j MíwU †kl ch©‰‭ Zvi ¸i Z¡ nvivq, Ab¨w`‡K
Abyf~wZwU h_v_©fv‡e mÂvi Ki‡Z cvi‡j Zv `xN©w`‡bi Rb¨ cvV‡Ki g‡b †Mu‡_ hvqÑ G‡¶‡Î
†jLK‡K IB cvVK mg‡q-Amg‡q Kvi‡Y-AKvi‡Y wb‡RB ¯§iY K‡ib, D×…Z K‡ibÑ Avi
Av‡MB e‡jwQ c„w_exi mKj mdj †jLKB Avm‡j ¯§iY‡hvM¨ †jLK, D×…Z‡hvM¨ †jLK| GB
ai‡bi Mí †jLvi Av‡iKUv wecwË nj, G¸‡jv mgv‡jvPK‡ì g‡bv‡hvM `vwe Ki‡Z e¨_© nq|
mgv‡jvPK‡ì †`vl w`‡q jvf †bB, KviY GKwU Abyf‚wZcÖavb Mí wb‡q Zviv Kx-B ev ej‡Z
cv‡ib? Abyf‚wZ‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi Dcvq Kx? AvL¨vb‡K e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq, PwiÎ¸‡jvi AvPvi-
AvPiY‡KI AvL¨v‡bi †cÖw¶‡Z †d‡j e¨vL¨v Kiv m¤¢e, wK‰‧ Abyf‚wZ‡K? GKwU D`vniY w`‡j
welqwU cwi®‥vifv‡e †evSv hv‡e| †R¨vwZcÖKv‡ki †P‡q Bwjqvm A‡bK †ewk cwVZ n‡q‡Qb,
e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡QbÑ we‡klZ Zuvi g„Zzï ci| wK‰‧ wbi‚‡Ïk hvÎv wb‡q Lye †ewk Av‡jvPbv
†Pv‡L c‡owb Avgv‡ì, Zuvi Av‡jvPKiv MíwU‡K †Kv‡bv GK ARvbv Kvi‡Y Gwo‡q hvb,
KviYwU nq‡Zv ARvbv bqÑ Zuviv Avm‡j MíwU‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi SzuwK wb‡Z Pvb bv| Zuvi g„Zzï
ci ïaygvÎ GB MíwU‡K wb‡q evsjvevRvi cwÎKvÕi mvwnZ¨ mvgwqKx‡Z †òc„ôve¨vcx
Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ‡jb dinv` gRnviÑ wK‰‧ GKwU Mí wb‡q GZ `xN© Av‡jvPbv K‡iI †kl
ch©‰‭ Ggb †Kv‡bv wm×v‡‰‭ †cu․Qv‡Z wZwb e¨_© n‡q‡Qb †h, MíwU Avm‡j Kx †evSv‡Z Pvq!
nvmvb AvwRRyj nKI MíwU m¤^‡Ü weiƒc g‰‭e¨ K‡i‡QbÑ...MíwU auvavi Mv †Nu‡m †M‡Q|
ej‡Z wØav †bB, Ggb AvZ¥Ki‚Yvq ficyi †jLvi g‡a¨ †h `y‡e©va¨ I KwVb AveiY Av‡Q
cvVK‡ì c‡¶ Zv †f` Kiv k³| †R¨vwZcÖKv‡ki †¶‡ÎI †ZgbwUB N‡U‡Q| Zuvi AwaKvsk
Mí Abyf~wZcÖavb nIqvq Ges Mí¸‡jvi wbg©vY-†K․k‡j A¨ve÷ªvKk‡bi AvwaK¨ _vKvq
mgv‡jvPKiv Zuvi av‡iKv‡Q hvevi SzuwK †bbwb| Abyf‚wZ‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi mvnm iv‡Lb Ggb
†Kv‡bv mgv‡jvPK Zuvi Mí¸‡jv‡K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j Avgv‡ì Mímvwn‡Zï GB wgªqgvY
avivwU m¤^‡Ü Avgiv GKwU aviYv †c‡Z cvwiÑ Avwg e¨w³MZfv‡e †mB mvnm ivwL bv, web‡qi
m‡½ †mUv ¯^xKvi K‡i wbw‪Q| Aek¨ †R¨vwZcÖKvk †h †Kej IB ai‡bi MíB iPbv K‡i‡Qb
Zv bq, mvaviY gvby‡li •`bw‱`b Rxeb‡KI Ae‡njv K‡ibwb wZwbÑ isivR †d‡i bv MíwU
†mB cÖgvY †`q| Ges GB MíwUi wecyj MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv G-I eywS‡q †`q, wi‡qwjw÷K I
AvL¨vbcÖavb M‡íI wZwb mgvb cvi½g|
lvU `k‡K GKm‡½ K‡qKRb bvix-†jL‡Ki AvMgb N‡UwQjÑ †mwjbv †nv‡mb Zuv‡ì
Ab¨Zg| MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi LuywUbvwU Zuvi M‡í Avðh© `¶Zvq D‡V Av‡m wK‰‧ bvMwiK ga¨weË
RxebI wZwb Lye fv‡jv K‡i †P‡bbÑ GK_v Zuvi MíB e‡j †`q| Zuvi Z…Zxq MíMÖ‰  †Lvj
KiZvj-G wZwb †h cÖwZfvi ¯^v¶i †i‡LwQ‡jb, AÁvZ Kvi‡Y Gi Av‡M-c‡i wZwb Avi I
c‡_ nuv‡Ubwb| m¤¢eZ wZwb †f‡ewQ‡jbÑ IwU Zuvi c_ bq, hwÌ Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡Q IB
c‡_B wZwb M‰‭‡e¨ †cu․Q‡Z cvi‡Zb| MÖvgxY Rbc‡` eëüZ AmsL¨ AcwiwPZ AvU‡c․‡i kã
Zz‡j Avbvi Rb¨ n‡jI Zuvi GB MÖ‰ wU fwel¨‡ZI we‡kl gh©v`v cv‡e e‡j aviYv Kwi| MÖvg-
Rxe‡bi m‡½ Lye Mfxi cwiPq bv-_vK‡j GiKg GKwU KvR †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Kiv m¤¢e bq,
wZwb Kxfv‡e †mwU K‡iwQ‡jb fve‡j GLbI we¯§q Rv‡M|
80
wiwRqv ingvb cÖavbZ HwZnvwmK PwiÎ I NUbvewj wb‡q Mí wj‡L wb‡R‡K Zuvi
mgKvjxb †jLK‡ì †_‡K Avjv`v K‡i †d‡j‡Qb| GB GKwU RvqMvq Zuvi Abb¨Zv ¯^xKvi
K‡i wb‡Z n‡e| Zuvi `„wófw½ ¯^‪Q, M`¨fvlv wb‡g©` I AvKl©Yxq, cwiwgwZ‡eva h‡_ó| AwMœ-
¯^v¶iv, wmÜzcZb, †cÖg GKwU b`x cÖf„wZ M‡í Ges es †_‡K evOjv Dcb¨v‡m Zuvi
BwZnvmgb¯‥Zvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq|
Avng` Qdv M‡í †Zgb ¯^‪Q‱` bb, Lye †ewk Mí wZwb †j‡LbIwb| Zey evsjv
mvwn‡Zï Av‡jvPbvq Zuvi bvgwU bvbv Kvi‡Y AZ¨‰‭ ¸i ‡Z¡i m‡½ DÌvwcZ n‡e| wZwb
Avgv‡ì cÖavb mvwii wP‰‭vwe`‡ì GKRb| Zuvi †g․wjK wP‰‭vmg„× cÖeÜ¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki
wP‰‭vi RM‡Z bZzb AvKvk D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Q| evOvjx gymjgv‡bi gb Ges ew¼gP›`ª: kZe‡l©i
†divix cÖeÜ `y‡Uvi †Kv‡bv Zzjbxq †jLv Luy‡R cvIqvB KwVb| ïay ZvB bq, Zuvi wP‰‭vi
AwfNvZ Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨mgv‡R Ggbfv‡e c‡o‡Q †h Zuvi D ¢vweZ ÔevOvwj gymjgvbÕ Uvg©wU
mvwnZ¨-Av‡jvPbvi GK Awbevh© welq D‡V‡Q| Z‡e Zuv‡K fyjfv‡e eënv‡ii GKwU cÖeYZvI
mvwnZ¨RM‡Z we`¨gvb| wZwb †eu‡P _vK‡Z Zuvi Kv‡Q Avwg GKevi GB AvksKv cÖKvk
K‡iwQjvg †h, Zuvi †jLv¸‡jv †kl ch©‰‭ cÖwZwµqvkxj I †g․jev`x †Mvôx wb‡R‡ì ¯^v‡_©
eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| wZwb Avgvi AvksKv †n‡m Dwo‡q w`‡q e‡jwQ‡jb, wZwb †Zv Av‡Qb,
GwU wZwb NU‡Z †`‡eb bv| wK‰‧ wZwb hLb _vK‡eb bv ZLb Kx n‡e †mwU fv‡ebwb| d‡j,
GLb Avgiv †`L‡Z cvw‪Q, GKwU cÖwZwµqvkxj †Mvôx Zuv‡K eënvi K‡i evOvwj gymjgvb‡K
GKwU Avjv`v RvwZ wn‡m‡e cÖgvY Kivi †Póv K‡i hv‡‪Qb| GwU cvwK¯‭vwb RvZxqZvev‡ìB
bvgv‰‭i, Qdv wb‡R KL‡bv GB ai‡bi RvZxqvZvev`‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Zb bv| †h wb‡g©vn
we‡kølY w`‡q wZwb evOvwj gymjgv‡bi gb‡K eyS‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, †mLv‡b †Kv‡bv cÖwZwµqvkxj
Dcv`vb †bB| Av‡Q GB Rb‡Mvôxi gvbmKvVv‡gvi e×Zv Ges Zvi HwZnvwmK Kvh©KviY
m¤^‡Ü PgKcÖ` we‡kølY| hv‡nvK, Qdv ïay cÖe‡ÜB bq, Dcb¨v‡mI Zuvi cÖwZfvi ¯^v¶i
†i‡L‡Qb| Zuvi I¼vi, Mvfx weËvš‭, cy®ú e„¶ wen½ cyivY cÖf„wZ Dcb¨vm †mB cÖgvY †`q|
nvmbvZ Ave`yj nvB Zuvi M‡í bvMwiK •PZb¨‡K †hgb a‡i‡Qb, †Zgwb MÖv‡gi A‰‭
R‡kªYxi gvbyl I Zv‡ì RxebI ggZvi m‡½ Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb| gvby‡li bvbwea †bwZevPKZv
wb‡q KvR Ki‡jI, Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Zuvi `„wófw½wU BwZevPK| Ave`yk kvKzi cÖavbZ D‪PweË ev
D‪Pga¨weË Rxe‡bi mdj iƒcKvi| wK‰‧ Zuvi KvR wb‡q Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Z¨ Lye †ewk
Av‡jvPbv nqwb| Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨mgv‡R †j‡ej AuvUvi †h cÖeYZv Av‡Q, wZwbI †mwUi
wkKvi n‡q‡Qb| Ôig¨ †jLKÕ wn‡m‡e †h A‡gvPbxq †j‡ej Gu‡U †M‡Q Zuvi Mv‡q, †mwU †_‡K
wZwb Avi †e‡iv‡Z cv‡ibwb| A_P Zuvi †Mvjvc msMÖn, ev msMxZ msMxZ MÖ‰ ¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv
weKí evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †KD †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb e‡j g‡b nq bv| mvhhv` Kvwì Zuvi M‡í
kixi‡Quvqv eY©bvi †h `ytmvnwmK wbix¶v K‡iwQ‡jbÑ AvR ch©‰‭ Zvi Zzjbv Lye myjf bq|
mgKvg wb‡q, fvB‡ev‡bi g‡a¨ m„wó nIqv cvi¯úwiK †h․b-Abyf‚wZi eY©bvmg„× †h Mí¸‡jv
wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb, Avgvi aviYvÑ AvR‡Ki Zi YivI †mBiKg Mí †jLvi mvnm K‡i DV‡Z
cvi‡eb bv| gvby‡li A‰‭‡j©vK Avwe®‥v‡i wZwb †`wL‡q‡Qb Kzkwj mvdj¨| m¤¢eZ Kwe-cwiPq
cÖwZôvi Rb¨ wZwb Mígva¨gwU‡K Ae‡njv K‡i‡Qb, †hgbwU K‡iwQ‡jb mvBwq` AvZxKzjøvn|
bB‡j wZwbI Zuvi mg‡qi GKRb Ab¨Zg cÖavb MíKvi wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡Zb| wecÖ`vk eo‬qv
DcK‚j AÂ‡ji A‰‭R‡kªYxi †ckvRxex gvby‡li Rxeb wPÎ‡Y mvdj¨ †`wL‡q‡Qb| ikx`
nvq`viI g‡bvRMrZ‡KB cÖvavb¨ †`b, hwÌ mgvR I ivRbxwZ Zuvi M‡í Abvqvmmva¨
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`¶Zvq iƒcvwqZ nq| myeªZ eo‬qvI GB GKB avivq mvdj¨wenvixÑ Zuvi M‡íi kix‡i GK
†Kvgj-ü`qMÖvnx Abyf‚wZ Rwo‡q _v‡K|
lv‡Ui †jLKiv Ggb wKQz welq mvwn‡Z¨ wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb hv Gi Av‡M evsjv‡`‡ki
mvwn‡Z¨ †`Lv hvqwb| Avgvi m‡½ GK mv¶vrKv‡i (†fv‡ii KvMR, 27 b‡f¤î 1998) gvb′vb
•mq` e‡jwQ‡jbÑ m¤¢eZ evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ Avgv‡ì †jLvqB cÖ_g †h․bZv G‡mwQj,
kixix eY©bv G‡jv|...h‡Zv mn‡R Avcbviv GLb Gme wjL‡Z cvi‡Qb, ZLb welqUv GZ
mnR wQj bv| wK‰‧ Gi evB‡i e¨w³gvby‡li msKU‡K iƒcvqY Kievi †h †Póv Zuviv K‡iwQ‡jb
†mwU‡KI Avgvi Kv‡Q Lye ¸i Z¡c~Y© KvR e‡j g‡b nq| †mB e¨w³ Avevi mgvR †_‡K
wew‪Qb′, wehy³ mgq †_‡K, d‡j wecb′ I Amnvq| IB mg‡q Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx‡ì
m¤úv`bvq mv¤cÖwZK avivi Mí wk‡ivbv‡g †h msKjbwU †ewi‡qwQj †mUvi m~wPc‡Îi w`‡K
ZvKv‡jB Gi mZ¨Zv wgj‡e| †R¨vwZcÖKvk `‡Ëi †KóhvÎv, gvb′vb •mq‡ì gvZ…nb‡bi
bv›`xcvV, Bwjqv‡mi ¯^MZg„Zzï cUf‚wg, knx`yi ingv‡bi weovj, nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki
e„ËvqYÑ IB msKj‡bB cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv MÖw‰ Z nq| Gi me¸‡jv M‡íB e¨w³i wecb′Zv I
AmnvqZ¡, wew‪Qb′Zv, wbtm½Zv I Aw¯‭‡Z¡i msKU‡K aviY Kivi †Póv i‡q‡Q| cieZ©xKv‡j
gvb′vb •mq` Qvov Avi mevB GB avivi Mí iPbv †_‡K m‡i Av‡mb| GgbwK nvmvb eûw`b
ch©‰‭ e„ËvqY‡K ¯^xKviB K‡ibwb, Zuvi †Kv‡bv MÖ‡‰  MíwU †`bIwb Ñ mv¤cÖwZK avivi Mí
msKj‡b GwU A‰‭f©³ y Ki‡ZI Zuvi AvcwË wQj e‡j wZwb wb‡RB Rvwb‡q‡Qb| Bwjqv‡mi
MíMÖ‰  Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡qI wZwb GB ai‡bi M`¨PP©v m¤^‡Ü g‰‭e¨ K‡i‡QbÑ
ÒQ‡qi `k‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K auvav iPbvi g‡Zv M‡`ï GKUv aib PP©vi welq n‡q
ùvovq| Zv‡Z Avgv‡ì M‡íi DcKvi n‡q‡Q Ggb K_v AvR Avi †KD e‡j bv|...ej‡Z wK
Zuvi cÖ_g Mí Ôwbi ‡Ïk hvÎvÕ Ô¯^MZg„Zzï cUf‚wgÕi DËivwaKvi enb Ki‡Q| M‡íi Pwi‡Îi
msKxY© `„wó wbe× Kivi †h g~j cÖeYZv Av‡Q Bwjqv‡mi †jLvq, GB M‡í Zv †`Lv w`‡q‡Q
Pigfv‡e.. lv‡Ui `k‡Ki cÖ_gw`‡Ki M‡íi g‡ZvB GB MíwU auvavi Mv †Nu‡m †M‡Q| ej‡Z
wØav †bB, Ggb AvZ¥Ki Yvq ficyi †jLvi g‡a¨ †h `y‡e©va¨ I KwVb AveiY Av‡Q cvVK‡ì
c‡¶ Zv †f` Kiv k³| e¨w³i Av‡eM, B‪Qv, fv‡jvevmv, N„Yv BZ¨vwì g‡a¨ †h A ¢yZ wbR¯^
b¨vq Av‡Q Zv cwiùzU K‡i †Zvjvi g‡Zv ¯^‪Q cÖKvk¶gZv Avgv‡ì GLv‡b †jLK‡ì g‡a¨
K¡wPr †`Lv †M‡Q| Gi GKwU KviY, mgv‡Ri †h RwUj msMVb †_‡K Ggb †jLv •Zwi n‡Z
cv‡i, †Zgb RwUjZv GL‡bv †`Lv †`qwb|... Ôwbi ‡Ïk hvÎvÕi fvlv †auvqv‡U, cvV‡Ki m‡½
†hvMv‡hvM ¯ vc‡b e¨_©; g‡bi Dci w`‡q †f‡m P‡j hvq| A_P GUvI †evSv hvq, †jLK
MíwUi bvq‡Ki m‡½ wg‡k †M‡Qb, A‰‭Z †h mg‡q MíwU wj‡LwQ‡jb, †m mg‡q iÄyi Awfgvb,
h‰¿Yv, A‡eva Ki Y Abyf‚wZ¸‡jv Zuvi Kv‡Q LyeB ¸i Z¡ †c‡qwQj|Ó
e¨w³gvby‡li msKU, Zv‡ì wbtm½Zv, wew‪Qb′Zv, I wecb′Zv wb‡q †jLv Mí¸‡jv wb‡q
GLbI ch©‰‭ GiKg gZB cÖPwjZ| nvmv‡bi g‡Zv Avgvi A‡bK mnhvÎx †jLKeÜzI g‡b
K‡ibÑ GB ai‡bi msKU Avgv‡ì mgv‡R Abycw¯ Z Ges GwU BD‡ivc †_‡K Avg`vwb Kiv|
GB gZvgZ¸‡jv‡K Avgvi GK‡c‡k e‡j g‡b nq| Avgv‡ì ÔmgvR-m‡PZbÕ MíKviiv
KL‡bv e¨w³gvby‡li w`‡K ZvwK‡q †`‡Lb bv, Zuv‡ì M‡í †h gvbyl Dcw¯ Z nq †m e¨w³gvbyl
bq, mvgvwRK gvbyl, d‡j Aeqenxb Ges MociZv| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki MíKviiv †h GB ai‡bi
MíPP©v ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb †mUv AKvi‡Y bq| Zuv‡ì †e‡o IVvi mgqwU wQj mvgwiK kvm‡bi
huvZvK‡j wcó| mvgwiK kvmb‡K AgvbweK ej‡jI Kg ejv nq, GwU GK ai‡bi Rv‰‭e
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kvmb| GiKg GKwU mg‡q †h Zi Yiv †e‡o I‡Vb Zv‡ì ¯^vfvweK weKvk e¨vnZ nq|
†jLKiv †Zv mgv‡Ri me‡P‡q ¯úk©KvZi Avi ms‡e`bkxj gvbyl, Zuviv hLb †`‡Lb Zuv‡ì
mgvRwU Zwj‡q hv‡‪Q Av‡jvi Bkvivwenxb AZj AÜKv‡i ZLb Zuviv wb‡RivI µgk ¸wU‡q
†h‡Z _v‡Kb, •Zwi nq mvgvwRK wew‪Qb′Zv Ges djZ n‡q c‡ob wbtm½ I wecb′Ñ hw`-bv
GKwU Kvh©Ki cÖwZ‡iva Zuv‡ì c‡¶ M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e nq| lv‡Ui †jLKiv IB mg‡qi
mvgwiK kvmb-we‡ivax RvZxqZvev`x Av‡‱`vj‡b cÖKv‡k¨ mvov w`‡q‡Qb e‡j cÖgvY cvIqv hvq
bv, eis ¸wU‡q wb‡qwQ‡jb wb‡R‡ì‡K GmewKQz †_‡K| Gi GKwU cÖgvY cvIqv hvq
Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx‡ì GKwU ¯§„wZK_v †_‡K| fv‡jvevmvi mv¤úvb-G wZwb Rvbv‡‪QbÑ
1971 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^‡ii cÖ_g ev wØZxq mßv‡nÑ XvKvq ZLb †Mwijv AvµgY ïi  n‡q †M‡QÑ
wZwb Avi Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` N‡i e‡m †NvigË n‡q ÔKzgvim¤¢eÕ cowQ‡jb!! †`k-RvwZ-
mgvR I RbRxe‡bi m‡½ Kx cwigvY wew‪Qb′Zv •Zwi n‡j GwU m¤¢e n‡Z cv‡i, cvVK‡ì Zv
we‡ePbv K‡i †`L‡Z Aby‡iva Kwi| Ges GiKg †Kv‡bv †jLK hw` e„ËvqY ev wbi‚‡Ïk hvÎv
†j‡Lb Avgiv Zv A¯^xKvi Kie †Kb, †Kb eje G¸‡jv Avg`vwb Kiv Abyf‚wZ? nvmvb †h
wbi‚‡Ïk hvÎv m¤^‡Ü e‡j‡QbÑ †evSv hvq, †jLK MíwUi bvq‡Ki m‡½ wg‡k †M‡QbÑ †mUv
Kxfv‡e m¤¢e nj, hw` †jLK wb‡RB IB Abyf‚wZ‡Z Avµv‰‭ bv-nb?
Z‡e lv‡Ui AwaKvsk †jLKB IB aviv †_‡K †ewi‡q G‡mwQ‡jbÑ evOvwji ¯^vwaKvi
cÖwZôvi Av‡‱`vjb, EbmË‡ii MYAfz¨Ìvb Ges GKvË‡ii gyw³hy× Zv‡ì‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Z
mnvqZv K‡iwQj e‡j wek¦vm Kwi Avwg| lvU `k‡Ki Av‡‱`vjb-msMÖvg I MYAfz¨Ìv‡bi
cÖfv‡e nvmvb mvov w`‡qwQ‡jb †kvwYZ †mZz wj‡L| ¯^vaxbZvi ci Bwjqvm hLb `xN©-weiwZ
†k‡l Avevi M‡í wdi‡jb ZLb Zuvi cwieZ©bI Lye Zxeªfv‡eB †Pv‡L coj| Kv‡qm
Avn‡g‡ì cÖ_gw`‡Ki Mí †hfv‡e e¨w³gvby‡li w`‡K g‡bv‡hvMx wQj, cieZ©xKv‡j Zv Avi
iBj bv, wZwbI n‡q DV‡jb mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK cwiw¯ wZ I RbRxe‡bi cÖwZ `vqe×
†jLK| gvngy`j y nK Aek¨ eiveiB GB `y‡Uv w`K‡K mg‰^q K‡i P‡j‡Qb, d‡j Zuv‡K Avi
bZzb K‡i e`jv‡Z nqwb| ïay lv‡Ui †jLKivB bb, gyw³hy‡×i AwfNvZ c‡owQj cÂv‡ki
†jLK‡ì Ic‡iI| •mq` kvgmyj nK Zuvi gyw³hy×-cieZ©x †jLv¸‡jv‡Z †h cwigvY
ivRbxwZ I mgvRgb¯‥Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb, Av‡Mi †jLv¸‡jv‡Z Zvi KYvgvÎI †bB|
Ab¨w`‡K huviv GB cwieZ©‡b mvov †`bwb Zuviv Avi wjL‡ZI cv‡ibwbÑ gvb′vb •mq‡ì cÖavb
Mí¸‡jv lv‡Ui `k‡KB †jLv, cieZ©xKv‡j Zuv‡K M‡í †Zgb GKUv g‡bv‡hvMx †`Lv hvqwb, hv
wj‡L‡Qb Zv-I †Zgb DËxY© nqwb| ÔweovjÕ wg‡_i RbK knx`yi ingvbI Avi †j‡Lbwb|
lv‡Ui †jL‡Kiv Av‡iKwU Kvi‡Y K_vwkíx‡ì Kv‡Q AMÖMY¨ n‡q _vK‡ebÑ †mwU nj
Zuv‡ì M`¨fvlv| evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Zï Rb¨ GKwU wbR¯^ M`¨fvlv wbg©v‡Yi †h KvRwU •mq`
IqvjxDjøvn ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb †mwUB •mq` n‡Ki nvZ Ny‡i lv‡Ui †jLK‡ì nv‡Z cwiYwZ
†c‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i nvmvb, gvngy`j y nK, gvb′vb I Bwjqv‡mi M`¨ †hb Rv`ygqZvq fivÑ
†hb GK †gvnbxq iƒcmx Zi Yx, hvi AvKl©Y D‡c¶v Kiv Am¤¢e|
evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ lv‡Ui †jL‡Kiv cvjb K‡i‡Qb cw_K…‡Zi f‚wgKv| ïi  †_‡K
AvR ch©‰‭ ZuvivB Avgv‡ì †`‡k me‡P‡q †ewk mwµq Ges cÖfvekvjx n‡q Av‡Qb| ¯^xKvi
Ki‡Z wØav †bB †h, Zuv‡ì mwµqZv I m„RbkxjZv Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Zï MwZgyL wVK K‡i
w`‡qwQj, Z‡e GB cÖfv‡ei †cQ‡bi KviYwU †h ïay Zuv‡ì m„RbkxjZv Ges weivgnxb
mvwnZ¨PP©vÑ Zv bq, lv‡Ui †jLKiv Aweivg wb‡R‡ì mgq Ges mnhvÎx †jLK‡ì m¤^‡Ü
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e‡j †M‡Qb, GLbI e‡j hv‡‪Qb| h~_e× n‡q Zuviv ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GLb ch©‰‭ h~_e×B
Av‡QbÑ wb‡R‡ì K_v wb‡Riv ejvi †¶‡Î lv‡Ui Rywo †bB, Ges ej‡Z ej‡ZB wb‡R‡ì
mgq m¤^‡Ü Ggb GKUv B‡gR Zuviv ùvo Kwi‡q‡Qb †h, g‡b nqÑ Zuv‡ì cÖwZfv‡K AwZµg
Kivi †hvM¨Zv Avi Kv‡iv †bB! GgbwK KL‡bv-KL‡bv GUvI g‡b nq, ZuvivB eywS
evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Zï RbwqZv-iƒcKvi| K_vwU G‡Kev‡iB mZ¨ bq| Zuv‡ì Av‡MB Pwjøk I
cÂv‡ki †jL‡Kiv evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Zï Rb¨ cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb AZ¨‰‭ ¸i Z¡c~Y© f‚wgKv|
cÖK…Zc‡¶, AvR‡Ki †h evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨, Zvi hvÎv ïi  n‡qwQj Pwjø‡ki `k‡KB| wK‰‧
lv‡Ui †jLK‡ì KvQ †_‡K Zuv‡ì c~e©m~wi‡ì e¨vcv‡i †Zgb †Kv‡bv BwZevPK g~j¨vqb
Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwiwb| wb‡R‡ì wb‡q Zuviv GZUvB e¨¯‭ wQ‡jb †h, Ime wel‡q g‡bv‡hvM
†`bwb| D‡ëv, wb‡‡R‡ì mg‡qi Kg-kw³gvb †jL‡KiI cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb Ggb fvlvq †h,
g‡b n‡q‡Q Guiv mevB cÖej civµgkvjx †jLK| Avi Gfv‡eB lvU `k‡Ki bvbv welqÑ Kwe
I KweZv, Mí I MíKvi, cwÎKv I m¤úv`KÑ wb‡q •Zwi n‡q‡Q wg_| GB wg‡_i Kvi‡YB
Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨RM‡Z lvU `kK wb‡q LvwbKUv AwZ-D‪Q¡vm Av‡Q; Zuv‡ì‡K wb‡q, hv‡K e‡j
wµwUK¨vj A¨vbvwjwmm, nqwb ej‡jB P‡j| Avgv‡ì †evanq †mB KvRwU K‡i †`Levi mgq
n‡q‡Q| Ges KvRwU Kiv †M‡j AviI cwi®‥vifv‡e †evSv hv‡e †h, me wgwj‡q lv‡Ui
MíKvi‡ì AR©b Mfxi I gnvbÑ GB `k‡KB wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi eûgvwÎK
MwZgyL hv DËiKv‡ji Míwkíx‡ì wØavnxb MíPP©vq †cÖiYv RyywM‡q‡Q|
wVK GB mg‡q cwðgevsjvq wK NUwQj, PwK‡Z GKevi †mwUI †`‡L wb‡Z cvwi
Avgiv| Gi Av‡Mi c‡e© e‡jwQ †h, cwðgevsjvq cÂv‡ki †jLKiv w`‡b w`‡b GZUvB
cÖfvekvjx n‡q D‡V‡Qb †h, ILv‡b cieZ©xKv‡ji K_vmvwnwZ¨K‡ì GB cÖfve-ejq †_‡K
†ei ‡bvB KwVb n‡q D‡V‡Q| lv‡Ui `k‡K cwðgevsjvq huviv G‡jb Zuv‡ì bvg¸‡jv D‡jøL
Ki‡jB Gi mZ¨Zv †evSv hv‡e| ey×‡è ¸n, wngvbxk †Mv¯^vgx, Aå ivq, KweZv wmsn, myavsï
†Nvl, mgxi iw¶Z, wbg©j P‡Ævcva¨vq, Rxeb miKvi, mybxj `vk, Kj¨vY gRyg`vi, Zzjmx
†mb¸ß, A‡kvK Kzgvi †mb¸ß, ex‡i‱`ª `Ë, KYv emy wgkª, mg‡ik gRyg`vi, Kj¨vYkªx
PµeZ©x, wkek¤¢y cvj, ivavbv_ gÊj, †kLi emy, S‡ok¦i P‡Ævcva¨vq, Zcb e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq,
Agi wgÎ, gjq ivq †P․ayix, mgxi ivq †P․ayix, myeªZ †mb¸ß, AZxw‱`ªq cvVK, mywegj wgkª
cÖgLy cwðgevsjvi lvU `k‡Ki MíKvi| evsjv‡`‡ki g‡ZvB ILv‡bI G‡ì †KD †KD
cÖ_vwe‡ivax Av‡‱`vj‡b †b‡gwQ‡jb| weL¨vZ Ônvswi †Rbv‡ikbÕ Av‡‱`vjb e¨w³i msKU, ¶q,
wecb′Zv, wew‪Qb′Zv Avi wbtm½Zv‡K Zz‡j ai‡Z †P‡qwQj| wK‰‧ Gu‡ì `xN©¯ vqx †Kv‡bv cÖfve
†Zgbfv‡e cwijw¶Z nqwb| hwÌ mywegj wgkª Zuvi Mí-Avw½‡K †h XOwUi cÖeZ©b K‡iwQ‡jb
†mwU cieZ©xKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv Zi Y MíKvi‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| †m cÖm½
c‡i|
evsjv mvwn‡Zï GKwU welq cÖvq •ewk‡ó¨ cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| †mwU njÑ †Kv‡bv GKwU
cÖRb¥ hw` Lye cÖfvekvjx n‡q I‡V Zvn‡j cieZ©x cÖRb¥¸‡jvi c‡¶ †mB cÖfve-ejq †_‡K
†ewi‡q Avmv KwVb n‡q c‡o| cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i A‡bK kw³gvb †jLKI Zuv‡ì cÖfv‡ei Rb¨
¤øvb n‡q _v‡Kb| cwðgevsjvq cÂv‡ki †jLKiv †hgb GiKg GKwU cÖfveejq •Zwi Ki‡Z
†c‡iwQ‡jb, †Zgwb evsjv‡`‡k lv‡Ui †jLKivI †mwU Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| cieZ©xKv‡ji,
we‡kl K‡i mË‡ii, †jLKiv GKiKg lv‡Ui cÖfve-`y‡h©v‡Mi g‡a¨B Zuv‡ì †h․eb
KvwU‡q‡Qb! Ges GB cÖfve wecyjfv‡e wµqvkxj †_‡K‡Q †h ch©‰‭-bv Avwki †jLKiv GKwU
84
cÖwZev`x Ae¯ vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges be″B‡qi †jLKiv Zv‡ì wecyj Kg©hÁ w`‡q lv‡Ui GB
cÖfveejq Le© K‡i w`‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb| GKUz ciB G wb‡q we¯‭vwiZ K_v ejvi B‡‪Q iBj|
Af~Zc~e© mgq, Abv¯^vw`Z AwfÁZv

mË‡ii `kK evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ wb‡q G‡mwQj GK Af~Zc~e© I Abv¯^vw`Z AwfÁZv|
EbmË‡ii MY-Afy¨Ìvb I mË‡ii cÖjqsKix R‡jv‪Q¡v‡mi `vM ZL‡bv ï‡Kvqwb GB †`k
†_‡KÑ Zvi g‡a¨B Gj GKvËi| Avgv‡ì gnvb gyw³hy×| kZvãx kZvãx‡Z GiKg NUbv
GKeviB N‡U| mygnvb Z¨vM I exi‡Z¡i †M․i‡e fv¯î, AvKvk-mgvb ¯^c′, Acwi‡gq i³cvZ
I bvixi m¤£gnvwb, wbixn-wbi¯¿ GKwU RvwZi nVvr †hv×v n‡q IVvi Af~Zc~e© NUbv, GKwU
†kvlYnxb gvbweK mgvR I ivóª Movi cÖZ¨qÑ Gme wb‡qB †Zv Avgv‡ì gyw³hy×| †h wekvj
¯^c′ wb‡q GB RvwZ Ask wb‡qwQj hy‡×, Zv wK c~iY n‡q‡Q? nqwb †Zv! g~jZ mËi wQj GK
Ø‱ØgyLi eûwewPÎ AwfÁZvi `kK| Z¨vM I ¯^c′ wg‡j RvZxq Rxe‡b †h AvKv‫¶‫‬v Rb¥
wb‡qwQjÑ ¯^vaxbZv cÖvwßi eQiLv‡b‡Ki g‡a¨ kvmKKz‡ji ee©iZvi d‡j Zv‡Z ay‡jv Rg‡Z
_v‡K| AvKvk mgvb ¯^c′ I ¯^c′f‡½i †e`bv, A‰‭tmvik~b¨ ivRbxwZ, wek„‫‫‬Ljv, †bZ…‡Z¡i
e¨_©Zv, kvmK‡Mvôxi mxgvnxb `yb©xwZ I ee©iZv, i³v³ hy×R‡qi ciI wcÖq ¯^‡`kf~wg‡Z
weZwK©Z i³cvZ, nZvkv, Ae¶q, nvnvKvi, ¶zav, gvbeZvi ü`qnxb c``jb, cÖMwZkxj wP‰‭
v-†PZbvi aviK-evnK‡ì Ici kvmK‡ì cÖwZwnsmvcivqY †ivl, GKvË‡ii NvZK‡ì cÖwZ
mvaviY ¶gv †NvlYv, `ywf©¶, GK`jxq kvmbeë¯ v Pvjy K‡i MYZ‡‰¿i AvbyôvwbK g„Zz¨
†NvlYv, m‡e©vcwi ¯^vaxbZv cÖvwßi gvÎ Pvi eQ‡ii gv_vq ¯^vaxbZvi cÖavb ¯ cwZi gg©vw‰‭K
nZ¨vKvÊÑ BZ¨vw` msL¨vnxb †bwZevPK NUbv cÖej AvNvZ nvbj ms‡ebkxj gvbyl‡ì gb‡b
I †PZbvq| †h mvgwiK kvm‡bi huvZvK‡j wcó n‡q evsjv‡`k hy× Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQj †mB
mvgwiK Rv‰‭vB wfb′ iƒc wb‡q `Lj Kij GB †`k| ¶gZvi gmb‡` m`¤¢ cÖZ¨veZ©b NUj
NvZK‡ì| Gme wgwj‡q mËi wQj cÖvq m¤¢vebvnxb †bwZevPKZvi `kK|
Ggb GKwU mg‡qB †e‡o DVwQ‡jb mË‡ii †jLKiv| †K bv ¯^xKvi Ki‡eb †h,
†jLKivB mgv‡Ri me‡P‡q ¯úk©KvZi †Mvôx; Avi Zvi m‡½ hw` †hvM nq Amnvq Zvi Y¨Ñ
Amnvq, KviY Gme †bwZevPKZvi wei ‡× Zv‡ì Kivi wQj bv wKQyBÑ Zvn‡j Gme NUbv
KZUv Aw¯ iZv I wecb′Zv m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i, †mUv ejvB evûj¨| †mB mg‡q, mvwnZ¨fye‡bI
cwieZ©‡bi †XD †j‡MwQj| Z‡Zvw`‡b lv‡Ui †jLKiv Zvi ‡Yï Ang gy‡Q w¯ i n‡q‡Qb,
evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Zï wcZ…cyi l •mq` IqvjxDjøvni g„Zz¨ N‡U‡Q cÖev‡mB, A‡bK AMÖR
†jLK bvbv Kvi‡Y cÖevmx, gyw³hy‡×i †kl j‡M′ N‡U‡Q eyw×Rxex nZ¨vi g‡Zv RNb¨ I
ü`qwe`viK NUbv| Zey †_‡g _v‡K bv wKQyB, Kv‡iv Rb¨| evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨ Gj
bZzb gyL, bZzb KjgÑ AvZv miKvi, Avdmvb †P․ayix, Avey mvB` Ry‡eix, AvjgMxi †iRv
†P․ayix, Avng` ekxi, Bg`v`yj nK wgjb, BmnvK Lvb, Rvdi ZvjyK`vi, Zvcm gRyg`vi,
bwKe wd‡ivR, ev‡iK Ave`yjøvn, eyjeyj †P․ayix, fv¯‥i †P․ayix, gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei, gÄy
miKvi, gwbiv Kv‡qm, gy¯‭vdv cvb′v, †i‡Rvqvb wmwÏKx, kvnwiqvi Kexi, †kLi BgwZqvR,
mv‡ivqvi Kwei, myKv‰‭ P‡Ævcva¨vq, •mq` BKevj, •mq` Kvgi j nvmvb, •mq` gbRyi j
Bmjvg, mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi, nwic` `Ë, nvwee Avwbmyi ingvb, †njvj Avn‡g`, ûgvq~b Avn‡g`
cÖgL~ |
85
wK‰‧ †h eûwewPÎ AwfÁZvi g‡a¨ w`‡q Gu‡ì †e‡o-IVv, Zvi KZUzKz aviY Ki‡Z
†c‡i‡Qb Zuviv, Zuv‡ì iPbvq? Aek¨ GiKg cÖk′ †ZvjvUv Lye †ewk we‡ePbvcÖm~Z bq|
GKRb †jLK †h memgqB Zvi †jLvq mgKvj‡K aviY Ki‡eb Ggb †Kv‡bv evaëvaKZv
_vKv DwPZ bq| mvwnZ¨ †Zv eûgvwÎKÑ mgKvj‡K aviY Kiv Zvi GKwUgvÎ Dcv`vb|
mew`K we‡ePbv Ki‡j GB mg‡qi K‡qKRb †jL‡Ki AR©b D‡jøL‡hvM¨Zvi `vwe iv‡L; wK‰‧
GB mg‡qB mvwnZ¨‡¶‡Î †h ¸YMZ cwieZ©‡bi NUbv N‡U †M‡Q Zvi `vq-`vwqZ¡I Zuv‡ì
IciB eZ©vq| we‡kl K‡i ûgvq~b Avn‡g` I Bg`v`yj nK wgj‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ evsjv‡`‡ki
mvwn‡Z¨ RbwcÖqZvi †h ¶wZKi avivwU cÖwZôv †c‡q‡Q, Zvi cÖwZwµqv †ek `xN©¯ vqx neviB
K_v| GB mg‡q AmsL¨ mvwnZ¨‡evanxb iPbv cyy¯‭KvKv‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q, cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q
†c․u‡QI †M‡Q `ª Z| mvwn‡Zï cvVK evov‡bvi †h †µwWU Zuv‡ì‡K †`qv nq, †mBme cvVK
ûgvq~b ev wgjb Qvov Avi wKQy c‡ob wK bv m‡‱`n Kwi| Zvn‡j Avi mvwn‡Zï cvVK evoj
†Kv_vq? GgbwK Zviv ûgvq~b ev wgj‡bi Db′Z wkíg~j¨m¤úb′ †jLv¸‡jv c‡ob wK bv, Zv
wb‡qI m‡‱`‡ni AeKvk i‡q‡Q| GB `yB †jL‡Ki cvVKiv Zv‡ì wcÖq †jLK‡ì Db′Z
iPbvMy‡jv hw` GKUz D‡ëcv‡ë †`L‡Zb Zvn‡j wbtm‡‱`‡n Zv‡ì mvwnZ¨msµv‰‭ aviYv¸‡jv
wKQyUv n‡jI cv‡ë †hZ|
ûgvq~b Avn‡g` wecyj m¤¢vebv wb‡q hvÎv ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi cÖ_g `y‡Uv Dcb¨vm
Ôbw‱`Z bi‡KÕ Ges Ôk‫‫‬Lbxj KvivMviÕ Avgv‡ì‡K †h Qwe Dcnvi w`‡qwQj †mwU Gi Av‡M
Avi KL‡bv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ †`Lv hvqwb| ga¨weË Rxe‡bi Ggb †QvULv‡Uv Abyl½I †h
Dcb¨v‡mi welq n‡Z cv‡i, †mwU GB Dcb¨vm `y‡Uvi Av‡M †K-B ev fve‡Z †c‡iwQj? Avi
GB Rxeb‡K Gi LuywUbvwUmn Ggb Mfxifv‡e †Pbvi cÖgvYB ev Avi †K w`‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb,
ûgvq~‡bi Av‡M? Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨RM‡Z ga¨weËiv †Zv Ae‡nwjZ PwiÎB wQj, †hb Zviv
†Kv‡bv gvbylB bq, Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv myL-`ytL-Avb‱`-†e`bv †bB, Avi evgc‰ x eyw×Rxex‡ì
Kv‡Q †Zv Zviv ixwZg‡Zv wf‡jb! ûgvq~b G‡m †`Lv‡jbÑ ga¨weËiv h‰¿ bq, wf‡jbI bq,
evsjvi K_vwkíx‡ì wcÖq PwiÎ‡ìÑ `wi`ª gvbyl‡ìÑ †P‡q Zv‡ì `y`©kv Ges msKUI Kg
bq! cÖ_v †f‡O GKwU †kªwYi w`‡K gvbweK †Pv‡L ZvwK‡qwQ‡jb wZwb, ggZv I mnvbyf~wZ w`‡q
Gu‡KwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì •`bw‱`b Rxe‡bi myL`ytL-K_v| ïay ZvB bq, Zuvi g‡a¨ GKRb fv‡m©UvBj
†jLK n‡q IVvi m¤¢vebvI wQj| wZwb hLb mv‡qÝ wdKkb wj‡L‡Qb †m¸‡jv‡K wb‡q †M‡Qb
GK wfb′Zi D‪PZvq| †m¸‡jv ïay weÁvb ev wdKkb _v‡Kwb, Zuvi nv‡Z c‡o n‡q D‡V‡Q
gvbweK Abyf~wZi `wjj| Zuvi iwPZ mv‡qÝ wdKkb GB GKwU RvqMvq c„w_exi Ab¨ me
mv‡qÝ wdKkb †_‡K Avjv`v| Ô†Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ fv‡jvevmvÕ Ôk~b¨Õ ÔwbÕ BZ¨vw` Dcb¨vm †mB
cÖgvY †`‡e| Avevi gvbeg‡bi M~p-Acvi inm¨ wb‡q wZwb †h wgwmi Avjx wmwiR iPbv
K‡iwQ‡jb, cÖ_g w`‡K Zv-I wQj GK Mfxi gvbeZv‡ev‡a D¾xweZ| ïay ZvB bq,
g‡bvweÁvb †h wZwb KZ Mfxifv‡e †ev‡Sb Zvi cÖgvYI a‡i †i‡L‡Qb ÔhLb wM‡q‡Q Wy‡e
cÂwgi Puv`Õ Dcb¨v‡m| GwU †h ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì iPbv, Zv wek¦vm KivB KwVb|
mv¤cÖwZKKv‡ji Ôg‡bv‣eÁvwbK (!) Dcb¨v‡miÕ †jLKiv ûgvq~‡bi GB Dcb¨vmwU c‡o wk‡L
wb‡Z cv‡ib, g‡bv‣eÁvwbK Dcb¨vm ej‡Z Avm‡j Kx †evSvq! GgbwK Zuvi wngy PwiÎ w`‡q
wZwb cÖ_gw`‡K LuyR‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb cÖK…wZi Ae¨vL¨vZ inm¨| Rxeb bvgK GKwU N‡i hw`
`y‡Uv ìRv _v‡K, Zvi GKwU ìRv weÁvb I hyw³ I `k©b I BwZnvm I g‡bvweÁv‡bi,
†h¸‡jv w`‡q GB Rxeb‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi †Póv Pj‡Q nvRvi nvRvi eQi a‡i; Avi Ab¨ ìRvwU
86
GL‡bv †LvjvB nqwb, †mwU inm¨gqZvq fiv, ûgvq~b †mB ìRvwU Lyj‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb wngy‡K
w`‡q| wK‰‧ GB K_v¸‡jv ejv nj Zuvi cÖ_gw`‡Ki iPbv m¤^‡Ü| cieZ©xKv‡j RbwcÖqZvi
wcw‪Qj c_ Zuv‡K wb‡q †M‡Q cZ‡bi w`‡K, Zuvi AcwiYZ-Acwic° wUbGR cvVK‡Mvôxi gb
RywM‡q wjL‡Z wM‡q K‡i‡Qb ¶gZvi Aceënvi| GgbwK wngy‡K wZwb †kl ch©‰‭ evwb‡q
†dj‡jb GBme Zi Y‡ì D ¢U Avb‱`dzwZ©i m½x| ïay Dcb¨v‡mB bq, M‡íI wZwb eûgvwÎK
Kv‡Ri m¤¢vebv †`wL‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi i‡q‡Q bvbvb ai‡bi Mí †jLvi AwfÁZvÑ A™¢yZ Mí,
†f․wZK Mí, AwZcÖvK…Z Mí BZ¨vw` wk‡ivbvg w`‡q wZwb †h Mí¸‡jv wj‡L‡Qb, evsjv‡`‡ki
Mímvwn‡Z¨ Zv cy‡ivcywi bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i‡Q| evsjv mvwnZ¨ †_‡K †Zv GB ai‡bi
Mí¸‡jv nvwi‡qB wM‡qwQj, wZwb †m¸‡jv‡K Avevi wdwi‡q G‡b‡Qb| ÔQvqvm½xÕ ÔfqÕ ÔwcucovÕ
Ô†mÕ ÔKzKziÕ ÔAvqbvÕ BZ¨vw` M‡íi D`vniY evsjv M‡íi `xN© BwZnv‡m Lye myjf bq| ïayy
G¸‡jvB bqÑ ga¨weË Rxeb wb‡qI Zuvi i‡q‡Q PgrKvi wKQy Mí| mwZ¨ K_v ej‡Z wK,
ûgvq~‡bi †jLv‡ZB Avgiv cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv ga¨weË‡K †cjvg Zv‡ì wbZ¨w`‡bi mgm¨v-
msKU-Avb‱`-†e`bv-nvwm-Kvb′v mn| Aek¨ Zuvi ¯^fveRvZ nvjKv †gRvRwU me‡¶‡ÎB
cy‡ivgvÎvq Dcw¯ Z, Zey Aí K_vq Rxe‡bi †QvULv‡Uv myL`ytL¸‡jv Zuvi M‡í PgrKvi
KzkjZvq aiv c‡o‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨we‡Ëi ¯úk©KvZi we‱`y¸‡jv ûgvq~‡bi g‡Zv GZ fv‡jv
K‡i Avi †KD †P‡bbwb| GBLvbUvq Avwg kirP‡‱`ªi m‡½ Zuvi wgj Luy‡R cvB| kirP‱`ª †hgb
evOvwj RvwZi Av‡eMcÖavb ¯úk©KvZi we‱`y¸‡jv‡K wPb‡Zb (G wel‡q Av‡MB K_v e‡jwQ),
ûgvq~b Avn‡g` AZLvwb bv-n‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨we‡Ëi nvwm-Kvb′vi we‱`y¸‡jv †P‡bb,
Abvqvmmva¨ `¶Zvq wZwb Zuvi cvVK-`k©K‡ì nvwm‡q-Kuvw`‡q P‡j‡Qb| ûgvq~‡bi wecyj
MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi KviYI GwU| ÔwbwkKve¨Õ ÔRxebhvcbÕ ÔLv`KÕ Ô†PvLÕ ÔAwPb e„¶Õ cÖf„wZ M‡í
wZwb Zuvi ¶gZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| wK‰‧ `ytLRbK n‡jI mwZ¨ †h, wZwb Zuvi GB wecyj
RbwcÖqZv‡K Kv‡R bv-jvwM‡q eis Rbi wPi Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y K‡i‡Qb| wZwb memgqB e‡j
G‡m‡QbÑ wZwb wb‡Ri Avb‡‱ì Rb¨ †j‡Lb| †mUv me †jLKB †j‡Lb, wK‰‧ Zuvi GLbKvi
†jLv¸‡jv co‡j g‡b nq wb‡Ri Avb‡‱ì Rb¨ bq, wZwb †j‡Lb Rbi wPi Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z,
d‡j, Zuvi eZ©gvbKv‡ji †jLv¸‡jv‡Z cÖPzi Ag‡bv‡hvwMZv †Pv‡L c‡o, GgbwK, evK¨MVb
ch©‰‭ wkw_j I Aï× n‡q I‡V|
Bg`v`yj nK wgjb wVK KZ¸‡jv RbwcÖq Dcb¨vm wj‡L‡Qb †mUv nq‡Zv wZwb wb‡RI
wVK Rv‡bb bv| A_P ZviB †kªô Mí MÖ‰ fy³ Mí¸‡jv co‡j we¯§q wb‡q Avwe®‥vi Ki‡Z nq
†h, Zuvi nIqvi K_v wQj GKRb mdj MíKvi| wgjb IB ÔRbwcÖq Dcb¨vmÕ¸‡jv bv wj‡L
hw` ïaygvÎ GB Mí¸‡jvB wjL‡Zb, Zuv‡K nq‡Zv gh©v`v †`qv nZ GKRb cÖavb MíKv‡ii|
Zuvi MíKvi cwiwPwZwU †Zgb M‡o I‡Vwb, A_P Zuvi mgvR I Rxeb Ae‡jvK‡bi `„wófw½,
bvbv ai‡bi PwiÎ wPÎ‡Yi `¶Zv, Zuvi fvlv I eY©bvfw½ Cl©Yxq mvd‡jï `vwe`vi| A_©vr
GKRb mdj I ¸i Z¡c~Y© †jL‡Ki hveZxq cÖ‡qvRbxq •ewkó¨B Zuvi KiZjMZ| MÖvgxY Rxeb
wb‡q wZwb wj‡L‡Qb Amvgvb¨ wKQy Mí; mwZ¨ K_v ej‡Z wK, MÖv‡gi Rxeb wgj‡bi Av‡M
GKgvÎ Avey BmnvKB GZ KzkjZvi m‡½ Zz‡j Avb‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb, Avi †KD bb| ÔMv‡n
AwPb cvwLÕ †Zv BwZg‡a¨B KvjRqx gvÎv AR©b K‡i‡Q| Ôew`¨ ey‡ovi RxebK_vÕ Ôwbi‡b′i
KvjÕ Ô†bZv †h iv‡Z wbnZ n‡jbÕ ÔivRvi wPwVÕi g‡Zv AmvaviY me M‡íi wbg©vZv wZwb|
Ô†Rvqv‡ii w`bÕ-Gi g‡Zv Amvgvb¨ cÖZxKx MíI Lye †ewk †jLv nqwb evsjv‡`‡k| †ek wKQy
Dcb¨v‡mI wZwb Zuvi ¶gZvi cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb| m¤ú~Y© AvÂwjK fvlvq †jLv Zuvi
87
ÔKvjvKvjÕ Dcb¨v‡mi Zzjbv wK mn‡R cvIqv hv‡e? ÔcivaxbZvÕ Ôhve¾xebÕ Ôf~wgcyÎÕ
Dcb¨vm¸‡jvI †Zv D‡jøL‡hvM¨Zvi `vwe iv‡L| †hme cvV‡Ki g‡bviÄ‡bi Rb¨ wZwb Ges
ûgvq~b Avn‡g` ivwk ivwk Ô†K‪QvKvwnbxÕ Drcv`b K‡ib, †mBme cvVKiv wK GB
Dcb¨vm¸‡jv c‡ob? c‡ob bv| Avwg wbwðZ, Rv‡bb GB †jLKivI| bB‡j Ô†RvQbv I
Rbbxi MíÕ covi Rb¨ ûgvq~b Avi Ôb~iRvnvbÕ covi Rb¨ wgjb evievi Zuv‡ì cvVK‡K
KvZi wgbwZ Rvbv‡Zb bv| hv‡nvK, cÖwZfvi GB AcPq ïay †h Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Zï ¶wZ
K‡i‡Q ZvB bq, ¶wZ K‡i‡Q Zuv‡ìI| wb‡R‡ì Drcvw`Z GBme Zz‪Q iPbv Zv‡ì Rb¨
Awfkvc n‡q †`Lv †`‡e, G e¨vcv‡i A‰‭Z Avgvi †Kv‡bv m‡‱`n †bB|
GB mg‡qi me‡P‡q mdj I ¸i Z¡c~Y© MíKvi gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei| gv‡S wKQyw`b
RbwcÖq mvwn‡Zï cÖwZ AvbyM‡Zï d‡j Zuvi Mv‡qI RbwcÖqZvi wmjwU c‡owQj e‡U wK‰‧
Zuv‡K KL‡bvB cy‡ivcywi GB avivi †jLK wn‡m‡e g‡b nqwb Avgvi| Aek¨ Zvi MíKvi
cwiwPwZwU D‡c¶v †c‡q‡Q A‡bK¸‡jv Dcb¨vm iPbvi Kvi‡Y, Zey g‡bv‡hvMx cvVK Rv‡bb,
evsjv M‡íi `xN© avivevwnKZvq GZ mdjfv‡e, GZ m~¶èfv‡e Avi †KD bvMwiK Rxeb‡K
Zz‡j Avb‡Z cv‡ibwb, Zuvi g‡Zv| mv‡eiB G mg‡qi me‡P‡q eûgvwÎK MíKvi| Rxeb I
c„w_exi †Pbv-A‡Pbv †KvY¸‡jv‡Z wZwb Aweivg Av‡jv †d‡j hv‡‪Qb| iPbv K‡i‡Qb Ggb
wKQy Mí hv wb‡q †M․ie Kiv P‡j| ga¨weË bvMwiK Rxe‡bi msKU I ¯^c′ I AvKv‫¶‫‬v I
e¨_©Zv I K¬vw‰‭ I Aemv` Zuvi M‡íB me©vwaK KzkjZvq aiv c‡o‡Q| Ôe„ËÕi g‡Zv Lye †ewk
Mí †jLv nqwb Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Z¨| ÔjvdÕ ÔRxebhvcbÕ Ôcywjk Avm‡eÕi g‡Zv Rxeb‡evam¤úb′
Mí; Ôg„`y bxj Av‡jvÕ ÔAvðh© cÖ`xcÕ-Gi g‡Zv cÖZxKx e¨Äbvmg„× ¯^c′ I AvKv‫¶‫‬vi Mí;
Ôgy‡LvkÕ ÔMÖvmÕ-Gi g‡Zv ûgwKMÖ¯‭ bvMwiK Rxe‡bi Mí we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨Zvi `vwe iv‡L|
bvMwiK gvby‡li Aemv` I K¬vw‰‭ wb‡q, †mB m‡½ Gi †_‡K gyw³i Rb¨ Zv‡ì Kvh©Kjvc wb‡q
wZwb Avmvgvb¨ wKQy Mí wj‡L‡Qb| ÔAemv` I Avo‡gvovi MíÕ me A‡_©B evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GK
Awfbe ms‡hvRb| ïay ÔAemv` I Avo‡gvovi MíÕB bq, Av‡iv wKQy wmwiRMí iPbvq
Amvgvb¨ mvdj¨ †`wL‡q wZwb evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ¯ vqx Avmb K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| G cÖm‡½ Dc‡iv³wU
QvovI Zuvi Ômxgve×Õ Ô†ij †÷k‡b †kvbv MíÕ ÔGUv Avgvi GKvi MíÕ Ges Ôe¨w³MZÕ
MÖ‰ ¸‡jvi K_v cvV‡Ki g‡b co‡e| G ai‡bi Mí cv‡Vi AwfÁZv `yB evsjvi †Kv‡bv
cvV‡KiB Gi Av‡M nqwb| Dcb¨v‡mi †¶‡Î A‰‭Z GKwU wel‡q wZwb Ab¨ mevi †_‡K
Avjv`v| cÖavbZ gvbeRxe‡bi `vk©wbK cÖk′ I msKU wb‡q †jLv Zuvi Ôgvbyl †hLv‡b hvq bvÕ
Ges ÔVvÆvÕ mwZ¨B Awfbe ms‡hvRb| mgvR, mgq, mgKvj Avi ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZv wb‡q
Zuvi ÔK‡eR †j‡VjÕ ÔmyKzgv‡ii j¾vÕ ÔGB †`Lv hvq evsjv‡`kÕ Dcb¨vm¸‡jv we‡kl
D‡jøL‡hvM¨Zvi `vwe iv‡L| mv‡e‡ii GKwUB mxgve×Zv| Zuvi M`¨fvlvwU LvwbKUv wkw_j,
hwÌ Zuvi Mí-Dcb¨v‡mi welq UvbUvb AuvUmuvU M`¨ `vwe K‡i|
nwic` `Ë Ges gÄy miKvi `yR‡bB †kªwYm‡PZb MíKvi| GB mg‡q G `yRbB GB
avivwU‡K me‡P‡q mdjfv‡e aviY Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, Z‡e GB avivi Mí¸‡jvi wkíg~j¨ wb‡q
cÖk′ m¤¢eZ †_‡KB hv‡e| Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨RM‡Z hv‡ì Mv‡q gvK©mev‡ì †j‡ej AuvUv _v‡K
Zuviv GKUz we‡kl gh©v`v †fvM K‡ib| G `yÕRbI †mwU †c‡q‡Qb| Z‡e nwic` `‡Ëi M‡í
GB †kªwYmsMÖvg hZUv D‪PwKZ iƒ‡c G‡m‡Q, gÄy miKvi ZZUv D‪PwKZ bb| nwic‡ì
AwaKvsk M‡íi welqÑ kªgRxex gvby‡li mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZv Ges Zv‡ì msMÖvg I
we‡`ªvn| †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bv M‡í wZwb ixwZg‡Zv wecøe NwU‡q w`‡q‡Qb| †RvZ`v‡ii Lv`¨fvÊv‡i
88
Av¸b jvMv‡bvi welqwU (ÔAwM′fK y ARMiÕ) †hgb Zuvi M‡í G‡m‡Q, G‡m‡Q gÄyi M‡íI
(ÔAwebvkx Av‡qvRbÕ)| ÔK‡ivwUi AÜKv‡i b„Z¨Õ ÔAvRivB‡ji †PvLÕ Ôm~‡h©i NÖv‡Y †divÕ
Ôbigvs‡mi ¯^v`Õ Ô†Rvqvj fvOvi cvjvÕ Ô†mvbvi gkvÕ cÖf„wZ M‡í nwic` `Ë †hgb mvgvwRK
†kvlY-wbcxo‡bi wPÎ Gu‡K‡Qb, GKBm‡½ Gu‡K‡Qb †kvwlZ wbcxwoZ gvby‡li cÖwZev‡ì
wPÎI, GgbwK GB cÖwZev` KL‡bv KL‡bv nZ¨vKvÊ ch©‰‭ †c․uQvq! GBme Mí KL‡bv-KL‡bv
ev¯‭eZv‡K Qvwc‡q †jL‡Ki AvKv‫¶‫‬v‡K AwaKZi g~Z© K‡i †Zv‡j, KL‡bv-KL‡bv Ggb cÖk′I
Rv‡M †h, Gi KZUzKz †jLK mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B aviY K‡ib Avi KZUzKz wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y Av‡ivc
K‡ib| ïay M‡íB bq, nwic` `Ë Dcb¨v‡mI Zuvi Zxeª †kªwY‡PZbvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb|
ÔARMiÕ Zuvi AZ¨‰‭ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dcb¨vm| gÄy miKvi Aek¨ cieZ©xKv‡j GB aviv †_‡K
†ewi‡q Avmvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| cÖ_gw`‡Ki Mí¸‡jv‡Z Zuvi †kªwY‡PZbvi cÖKvk Zxeªfv‡eB
NUZ, wK‰‧ e¨w³gvbyl‡KI D‡c¶v K‡ibwb wZwb KL‡bv| cÖavbZ MÖvgxY mgvR, MÖv‡gi
Rxeb‡K DcRxe¨ K‡i †jLv Zuvi IB mg‡qi Mí¸‡jvi g‡a¨B Zuvi cieZ©xKv‡ji mvd‡jï
Bw½Z wQj| wZwb †h e¨w³MZ m¤úK©‡ev‡ai Mí¸‡jv‡Z AwaKZi mdj †mwU Zuvi Ô†h․_
GKvwKZ¡Õi Mí¸‡jv co‡jB †evSv hvq|
G mg‡qi me‡P‡q ivRbxwZ-m‡PZb MíKvi †kLi BgwZqvR| Zuvi g‡Zv
ivRbxwZ‡ev‡ai ZxeªZv Zuvi Av‡M ev c‡i mvBqx` AvZxKzjøvn Qvov Avi Kv‡iv g‡a¨ †`Lv hvq
bv| cvwK¯‭vb Avg‡ji `geÜ Kiv mvgvwRK ev¯‭eZv †hgb GKRb mvBqx` AvZxKzjøvni
Rb¥‡K Awbevh© K‡i Zz‡jwQj, †Zgwb mË‡ii Aei × mvgvwRK ev¯‭eZv, AvKvkmgvb ¯^‡c′i
wbg©g g„Zz¨, Ae¶q, mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK Aw¯ iZv BZ¨vw` GKRb †kLi BgwZqv‡Ri
Rb¥‡K Awbevh© K‡i Zz‡jwQj| ivRbxwZ-m‡PZbZvi m‡½ cÖZxKgqZvi PgrKvi †gjeÜ‡b †h
Mí wbg©vY K‡ib wZwbÑ cvVK‡K Zv Mfxifv‡e fvwe‡q †Zv‡j| Zuvi ÔAwM′b„‡Z¨ GBme gvbylÕ
Ges Ôwewa †bB Abo wewawjwcÕ MÖ‰ fy³ Mí¸‡jv Zvi cÖgvY|
mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi GB mg‡qi me‡P‡q dg©-m‡PZb I fvlv-m‡PZb MíKvi| ivRbxwZ-
m‡PZbZvi cwiPq †g‡j Zuvi M‡íI| Zvi Ô†Quov †Lvov RwgÕi Mí¸‡jv‡Z mvgvwRK ev¯‭eZv
Avi ÔivRv Av‡mwb ev`¨ evRvIÕ-Gi Mí¸‡jv‡Z ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZv GK PgrKvi KzkjZvq
D‡V G‡m‡Q| gyw³hy×I GK we‡kl ¯ vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q Zuvi M‡í| Aek¨ ïay mykv‰‭B bb,
mË‡ii cÖvq me †jLKB gyw³hy× wb‡q Kg‡ewk wj‡L‡Qb| ivR‣bwZK welq-AvkqI mË‡ii
MíKvi‡ì M‡í evievi wd‡i G‡m‡Q| Ggb GK mg‡q Zuviv †e‡o D‡VwQ‡jb †h, GBme
wel‡q mvov †`qv Qvov Zv‡ì Dcvq wQj bv| mykv‰‭ †mB mvov‡K AwaKZi cwikxwjZ
AvKv‡i nvwRi K‡i‡Qb Zuvi cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q|
•mq` gbRyi j Bmjvg ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb mË‡ii `k‡KB, wK‰‧ †Kv‡bv-GK AÁvZ
Kvi‡Y cÖvq `yB hyM wZwb MíPP©v †_‡K wb‡R‡K weiZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Mí wb‡q
Av‡jvPbvq Zuvi bvg Lye GKUv Av‡mwb| GgbwK Avwg wb‡RI 1997 mv‡j iwPZ Avgvi
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : DËivwaKv‡ii cwi‡cÖw¶Z cÖe‡Ü Zuvi K_v D‡jøL Kwiwb (Avgvi GB
cÖeÜwU eûevi cybtg~w`ªZ n‡q‡Q, cÖvq mgqB Avgvi AbygwZ QvovB, d‡j †Kv‡bv m¤úv`bvi
K_vI Avwg fve‡Z cvwiwb)| wK‰‧ GB mg‡q G‡m †`Lv hv‡‪Q, Avgv‡ì K_vmvwn‡Z¨ •mq`
gbRyi µgkB cÖfvekvjx n‡q D‡V‡Qb| hwÌ Zuvi GB `xN© weiwZi mgqKv‡ji g‡a¨B
cÖvewÜK I mgv‡jvPK wn‡m‡e wZwb ixwZg‡Zv L¨vwZgvb n‡q I‡Vb (Zuvi weL¨vZ mvwnZ¨
Kjvg Ajm w`‡bi nvIqv GKwU cÖR‡b¥i †e‡o-IVvq Mfxi cÖfve †d‡j‡Q, G K_v A¯^xKvi
89
Kiv hv‡e bv), wK‰‧ K_vmvwnZ¨ iPbvq wZwb wd‡i Av‡mb be″B `k‡K eªvZ¨ ivBmyi m‡½
†h․_fv‡e Ô†hvMv‡hv‡Mi mgm¨v wb‡q K‡qKRb GKv GKv †jvKÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi avivevwnK
Dcb¨vm w`‡q, hv GKwU •`wb‡K cÖKvwkZ nw‪Qj| ZLb ch©‰‭ GwU‡K GKwU †k․wLb KvR
e‡jB g‡b n‡qwQj, wK‰‧ wZwb Avi K_vmvwnZ¨ PP©v Qv‡obwb, G‡K G‡K †ewi‡q‡Q Zuvi
GKvwaK MíMÖ‰  I Dcb¨vm| •mq` gbRy‡ii †h-†Kv‡bv iPbvi cÖavb ¸YÑ Zuvi cÖvÄj-
KwgDwb‡KwUf M`¨fvlv| GB M`¨fvlvi Kvi‡YB GKwU Mí cov ïi  Ki‡j †mwU †Q‡o-IVv
KwVb n‡q ùvovq; Ges co‡Z wM‡q g‡b nq, Mí cowQ bv, †KD †hb Mí ej‡Q| Zuvi fw½wU
Avm‡j hZUv-bv †jL‡Ki, Zvi‡P‡q †ewk K_‡Ki, ev ejv hvq, wZwb hZ-bv Mí-†jLK Zvi
†P‡q †ewk Mí-K_K| Avgiv hLb Mí ÔewjÕ ZLb †`Lv hvq Avgv‡ì g~j M‡íi m‡½ Rwo‡q
hv‡‪Q AviI AviI eû Mí, AviI eû cÖm½-Abyl½, wUKv-wUàwb; Zuvi M‡íI †ZgbwU _v‡K|
cÖwZwU M‡íB K_‡Ki f~wgKv Lye kw³kvjx I cwi®‥vi, †Kv‡bv •be©¨w³K Ae¯ vb †_‡K †jLK
K_v e‡jbwb, †b‡g‡Qb mivmwi K_‡Ki f~wgKvq Ges †mB K_K Lye Kzkwj, Kxfv‡e
Ô†kªvZv‡ìÕ‡K a‡i ivL‡Z nq †mwU Lye fv‡jvfv‡e Rvbv Av‡Q Zuvi| Zuvi M‡íi welqI
Awfbe Ges •ewPÎ¨gq| AZxZ I eZ©gvb‡K, ev¯‭eZv, civev¯‭eZv, Awaev¯‭eZv Avi
Rv`yev¯‭eZv‡K wZwb Ggb GK †K․k‡j †gkvb †h, †KvbUv †h Kx, †KvbUv mwZ¨ Avi †KvbUv
weåg †evSvB `y®‥i n‡q I‡V| wK‰‧ ZvB e‡j Mí¸‡jv KL‡bvB bb-KwgDwb‡KwUf ch©v‡q
wb‡q hvb bv wZwb| cvVKiv †h mve©‡f․g †m-K_v m¤¢eZ wZwb wek¦vm K‡ib, d‡j MíwU‡K
cvVKiv †hb wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i bZzbfv‡e wbg©vY K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib A_ev ey‡S wb‡Z cv‡ib
†mB my‡hvM †i‡L †`b| Ô†ikwg i gvjÕ ÔB÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi µq weµqÕ ÔBe‡b eZzZvi
w`bcÄxÕ cÖf„wZ M‡í wZwb †hfv‡e AZxZ-eZ©gvb‡K wgwk‡q‡Qb ev ÔRjcyi ‡li cÖv_©bvÕ Ges
ÔwR‱`vjvkÕ M‡í ev¯‭eZv, civev¯‭eZv, Awaev¯‭eZv Avi hv`yev¯‭eZv‡K Ggb GK †K․k‡j
wgwk‡q‡Qb wZwb †h wew¯§Z n‡Z nq| Avevi ÔwZb UvKvi †bvUÕ ÔwW‡Wjv‡mi NywoÕ cÖf„wZ M‡í
mgKvjxb mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZvi wfb′gvwÎK wbg©vY cvVK‡K Mfxi fvebvq †d‡j
†`q| Zuvi ÔKuvPfvOv iv‡Zi MíÕ ÔAv‡jv I AÜKvi †`Lvi MíÕ Ges Ô†cÖg I cÖv_©bvi MíÕ
MÖ‰ ¸‡jv‡Z Gm‡eiB wPý AuvKv Av‡Q|
gwbiv Kv‡qm kw³gvb M`¨wkíxÑ Uvbv AuvUmuvU M`¨fw½; cvVK‡K GK †NvijvMv
eY©bvi g‡a¨ w`‡q ïi  †_‡K †kl ch©‰‭ †U‡b wb‡q hvevi `y`©v‰‭ ¶gZv Av‡Q Zuvi| GB †h
eY©bvi †m․‱`h©Ñ G-I M‡íi GKwU we‡kl m¤ú`, me MíKv‡ii g‡a¨ †mUv _v‡K bv, gwbivi
Av‡Q Ges †ek cÖejfv‡eB Av‡Q| ïay AvL¨vb ev eY©bvi †m․‱`h©B bq, Zuvi M‡í AviI wKQy
Av‡Q| Av‡Q mgKv‡ji Zx¶è Av‡e`bgq wPÎiƒc, Av‡Q wKQy Zxeª-Zx¶è Bw½Z I Bkviv|
mgKv‡ji `y`©kvggq Qwe Gu‡KB ¶v‰‭ nb bv wZwb, †Kb GB `y`©kv †mB KviYwU m¤^‡ÜI Bw½Z
K‡ib, Z‡e †mUv Bw½ZB, A_©vr wZwb cvV‡Ki †evSv-bv-†evSvi e¨vcv‡i †Kv‡bviKg n¯‭‡¶c
Ki‡Z Pvb bv, Bw½Z ev Bkviv‡ZB †_‡g †h‡Z Pvb| Zuvi M‡í Avm‡j GKwU Mí _v‡K bv,
_v‡K GKvwaK Mí, GKwU M‡íi g‡a¨B wZwb XywK‡q †`b AviI A‡bK AbyMí, cÖwZMí, wKsev
Av‡iKwU cy‡iv Mí| G †hb GKwU e„¶| ïi  nq †Mvov †_‡KB Zvici µgvMZ Wvjcvjv
†gj‡Z _v‡K, Z‡e Zv‡Z g~j MíwU nvwi‡q hvq bv, kvLvMí †_‡K GKmgq wVKB cvVK‡K
wdwi‡q Av‡bb †jLK g~j M‡í, gvSLv‡b †h wZwb GZ-GZ AbyMí e‡j wb‡jb Zvi GKwU‡KI
wK‰‧ Avi evûj¨ e‡j g‡b nq bv, hwÌ Ime Mí ev` w`‡jI g~j M‡íi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ nZ bv|
†h‡nZz AbyMí¸‡jv QvovI M‡íi †Kv‡bv ¶wZ nZ bv, Zvn‡j wZwb †m¸‡jv e‡jb †Kb? Gi
90
KviY m¤¢eZ `y‡Uv| cÖ_gwUÑ K_K fw½wU a‡i ivLvi Rb¨, wØZxq KviYwU n‡Z cv‡i GB †h,
Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv MíB Avm‡j wb‡iU bq, Zvi A‡bK cÖm½-Abyl½ _v‡K, Zvi Av‡M-wc‡Q
Wv‡b-euv‡q Av‡iv A‡bK Mí-Kvwnbx _v‡K, g~j PwiÎ¸‡jvi Pvicv‡k AviI A‡bK PwiÎ _v‡K,
†h-†Kv‡bv gvby‡li †h-†Kv‡bv gyn~‡Z©i wP‰‭vi g‡a¨ †Kej IB gyn~‡Z©i wP‰‭vB _v‡K bv, _v‡K
AviI eû gyn~‡Z©i, eû mg‡qi, eû cÖm‡½i wP‰‭v| wZwb GmewKQy‡KB ai‡Z Pvb Ges a‡ibI,
wK‰‧ g~j Mí‡K nvwi‡q †h‡Z w`‡Z Pvb bv| G n‡‪Q Zuvi `vk©wbK cÖZxwZ| wZwb m¤¢eZ g‡b
K‡ibÑ Rxe‡bi Mí¸‡jv hZB Wvjcvjv QovK-bv †Kb, Rxeb wb‡R j¶¨gyLx, Rxe‡bi GKwU
M‰‭e¨ Av‡Q| wZwb †h Zuvi Mí‡K nvwi‡q †h‡Z bv-w`‡q GKwU M‰‭‡e¨ †c․‡Q †`bÑ ZviI
KviY nq‡Zv GB †h, wZwb g‡b K‡ib Rxe‡bi GKwU M‰‭e¨ †hgb _v‡K, wk‡íiI †Zgwb
GKwU M‰‭e¨ _vKv DwPZ| gwbiv Avm‡j me A‡_©B GKRb M‰‭e¨gyLx †jLKÑ †mB M‰‭e¨
Avgv‡ì †kK‡oi w`‡K, Avgv‡ì BwZnvm-HwZn¨-ms¯‥…wZi w`‡K| Zuvi ÔgvwU cyivY cvjvÕ
Ôay‡jvgvwUi Rb¥m~ÎÕ ÔRjWvOvi ev‡qv‡¯‥vcÕ ÔK_vgbyl¨cyivYÕ MÖ‰ ¸‡jv‡Z wZwb GBme
PvwiÎ¨‣ewkó¨ a‡i †i‡L‡Qb|
eyjeyj †P․ayix Zuvi ÔUzKv KvwnbxÕi Mí¸‡jv w`‡q Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb, G‡`‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv
Zuvi Lye fv‡jvfv‡e †Pbv Av‡Q| AvZv miKvi Ôwec¾bK †Ljv m¤^‡Ü wi‡cvU©Õ MÖ‡‰  ivRbxwZ
I mgvRgb¯‥Zvi cwiPq †i‡LwQ‡jb| evûj¨nxb, wb‡g©` eY©bvq mgvR I Rxe‡bi mPj wbg©vY
Zuv‡ì M‡í PgrKvi KzkjZvq wbwg©Z nq| Ô¸‡jbevwi wmb‡Wªvg I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ Ô†cvovgvwUi
wRwjwc I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ Ges ÔAóbvM †lvjwPwZÕ-G nvwee Avwbmyi ingvb Gu‡K‡Qb cvc I
cZ‡bi wPÎ, µzi ev¯‭eZv I Avkvf‡½i wPÎ, GKB †eu‡P _vKvi AvKzjZv| Avey mvB`
Ry‡eixi †mB m¤¢vebvgq †jLbx †Pv‡L c‡o bv eûw`b, Avng` ewkiB-ev †Kv_vq nvwi‡q
†M‡jb? BmnvK Lvb, Rvdi ZvjyK`vi, Zvcm gRyg`vi, gy¯‭vdv cvb′vI weijcÖR| ev‡iK
Ave`yjøvn ci‡jv‡K, kvnwiqvi Kexi ivRbxwZ‡Z e¨¯‭, †i‡Rvqvb wmwÏKxI GLb wbw®…q,
myKv‰‭ P‡Ævcva¨vq KjKvZvq Awfevmx|
GB bvwK mË‡ii †Pnviv? Zuv‡ì wePvi-we‡ePbvi Rb¨ GUv Lye †bwZevPK `„wófw½
n‡e| Zuv‡ì mw¤§wjZ AR©b‡K A¯^xKvi Kivi Dcvq †bBÑ wK‰‧ Zuv‡ì mg‡q M‡o-IVv
RbwcÖq mvwn‡Zï Wvgv‡Wvj GB AR©bwU‡K ey‡S DV‡Z w`‡‪Q bv|
Gi Av‡M Avwg evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi cvkvcvwk cwðgevsjvi Mí wb‡qI `y-Pvi K_v
e‡jwQ| wK‰‧ GB ch©v‡q G‡m mgm¨vq co‡Z nj| cwðgevsjvi MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨ †K mË‡ii
Avi †K Avwki †mwU wba©viY Kiv Avgvi c‡¶ KwVb| KviY, evsjv‡`‡k hZUv my¯úófv‡e GB
mxgv‡iLvwU Uvbv nq, ILv‡b Zv nq bv| Zey GB mg‡q, A_©vr mËi I Avwki `kK wgwj‡q
ILv‡b huviv wj‡L‡Qb Zuv‡ì bvg¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiv hvKÑ Agi wgÎ, Avdmvi Av‡g`, Aveyj
evkvi, KvbvB KzÊy, wKb′i ivq, S‡ok¦i P‡Ævcva¨vq, Zx_©¼i b‱`x, `xc¼i `vm, bwjbx †eiv,
beKzgvi emy, cÖjq k~i, evYx emy, evYxeªZ PµeZ©x, fMxi_ wgkª, igvbv_ ivq, ivavbv_ gÊj,
ivavcÖmv` †Nvlvj, kPxb `vk, k¼ijvj fÆvPvh©, wke‡Zvl †Nvl, †kLi emy, mg‡ik gRyg`vi,
mÄxe P‡Ævcva¨vq, myeªZ gy‡Lvcva¨vq, myeªZ †mb¸ß, mywegj emvK, ¯^c′gq PµeZ©x, nl© `Ë
cÖgLy |
Gu‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD m¤¢vebvi cwiPq w`‡jI c~e©m~wi‡ì Zzjbvq Zv AwKwÂrKi|
Gu‡ì GKwU eo AskB MÖvg wb‡q †j‡LbÑ Agi wgÎ, Aveyj evkvi, bwjbx †eiv, ivavbv_
gÊj, wke‡Zvl †Nvl MÖvgRxeb‡K `¶Zvi m‡½ Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb| •mq` gy¯‭vdv wmiv‡Ri g‡ZvB
91
Aveyj evkv‡ii M‡íi gymjgvb-Rxeb Icvi evsjvi cvVK‡ì‡K wfb′Zi ¯^v‡ì mÜvb †`q
wbtm‡‱`‡n| evYx emy, nl© `Ë, ¯^c′gq PµeZ©x cÖavbZ †ivgvw‱UK auv‡Pi †jLK| mg‡ik
gRyg`vi ga¨we‡Ëi †ivgvw‱UK wecøe‡K Quy‡q‡Qb Rv`yKwi fvlvq, RbwcÖqZvi w`K †_‡K wZwb
mybxj I kx‡l©‱`yi DËim~wi| mgv‡Ri Am½wZ Avi Ae¶q‡K GK PgrKvi e¨½‡K․ZzKc~Y©
fvlvq a‡i‡Qb mÄxe P‡Ævcva¨vq|
GLv‡b huv‡ì bvg D‡jøL Kiv nj Zuviv ILvbKvi 70-80 `k‡Ki cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj
MíKvi, wK‰‧ Guiv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Lye eo †Kv‡bv AwfNvZ •Zwi Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb, †mwU wbðqB
†KD ej‡eb bv| eis g‡b n‡‪Q, †hb, cwðgevsjvq †QvUM‡íi avivwU ïwK‡q †h‡Z e‡m‡Q|
cwðge½ GKmgq cÖej weµ‡g evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨‡K kvmb K‡i‡Q, †mLv‡b GLb Ggb
†Kv‡bv kw³gvb †jLK †Pv‡L co‡Q bv whwb ev huviv fwel¨‡Zi evsjv K_vmvwnZ¨‡K †bZ…Z¡
†`‡eb|
cwðgevsjvq GB mg‡qi ci K_vmvwn‡Z¨ †Zgb m¤¢vebvgq Kjg †Pv‡LB c‡o bv| A_P
evsjv‡`‡k N‡U‡Q D‡ëv NUbv| Avwki `k‡K Avgv‡ì GLv‡b evsjv Mí GK bZzb †gvo
†bq, be″B‡qi †jLK‡ì wecyj Kg©hÁ mvwn‡Zï GB kvLvwU Av‡iv ¯^v¯ ëvb K‡i †Zv‡j,
GgbwK bZzb kZ‡Ki cÖ_g `k‡Ki †jLK‡ì cà″wbI ¯úóB †kvbv hv‡‪Q GLb|
Avevi euvK cwieZ©b

lv‡Ui MíKvi‡ì Zzgj mwµqZvi d‡j M‡íi MwZgyL wbY©xZ n‡q hvIqvi ciI mË‡ii
RbwcÖq mvwn‡Zï Wvgv‡Wv‡j wKsev †jLK‡ì MíKvi cwiPqwU wgªqgvY n‡q hvIqvi d‡j
¯úk©KvZi Mígva¨gwU †Nvi `y`©kvMÖ¯‭ n‡q c‡o| Avwki `k‡K huviv G‡jb, cÖ_‡gB Zuv‡ì
cÖ‡qvRb n‡q coj GB bó †mªv‡Zi wei ‡× Zvi ‡Yï †`ªvn wb‡q ùvovevi| †m GK A ¢yZ mgq
wQj| GB `yfv© M¨cxwoZ RvwZwU‡K D×vi Kivi gnvb D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q GK mvgwiK gnvgvbe
bv‡Rj n‡qwQ‡jb Avi bv‡Rj n‡qB Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb bvbv wewawb‡la| Ggwb‡ZB Avgv‡ì
cvwievwiK I mvgvwRK KvVv‡gvwU Ggb †h, bvbviKg evav-wb‡l‡ai g‡a¨ w`‡q Avgv‡ì‡K
eo n‡q DV‡Z nq| Avgv‡ì wk¶veë¯ vI †Kej wb‡laB K‡i hvq| GUv Kiv hv‡e bv, IUv
Kiv hv‡e bv, GUv ejv hv‡e bv, IUv ejv hv‡e bvÑ Kx †h Kiv hv‡e, Avi Kx †h ejv hv‡e,
†mUv Avi e‡j bv †KD| †Zv IB mgq GBme wb‡lavÁvi m‡½ hy³ n‡qwQj ivóªxq wb‡lavÁv|
ivóªh‰¿B e‡j w`w‪QjÑ Kx Kx ejv hv‡e bv, Kx Kx Kiv hv‡e bvÑ ÔZuuviÕ †Kv‡bv mgv‡jvPbv Kiv
hv‡e bv, GKm‡½ cuvPR‡bi †ewk Rgv‡qZI Kiv hv‡e bv, wgwQj-wgwUO Kiv hv‡e bv, ÔZuuviÕ
wei ‡× wKQy †jLv hv‡e bv, BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`Ñ wK‰‧ Kx Kx ejv ev Kiv hv‡e, Zv Avi e‡jwb
†Kv‡bvw`b| mvgwiK kvm‡bi bv‡g GgbB GK exfrm, fqsKi, •ckvwPK kvmb †P‡c e‡mwQj
mviv RvwZi ey‡Ki Ici| ïay †Zv ZvB bq, mgqwU wQj GgbB †h, mgv‡Ri i‡Ü«-i‡Ü« Qwo‡q
cowQj Awek¦vm-Ø‱Ø-m‡‱`n, †hb †KD Kv‡iv Ic‡i Av¯ v ivL‡Z cvi‡Q bv, †KD KvD‡K
wek¦vm Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Av‡jvi Bkvivwenxb AZj AÜKv‡i Wy‡e hv‡‪Q ¯^‡`k, †Kv_vI
†Kv‡bv m¤¢vebv †bB †hb, Pviw`‡K †Kej Mfxi AÜKvi, †Kej AwbðqZv, †Kej nZvkv|
cÖwZev`x wgwQ‡j D‡V hv‡‪Q mvgwiK UªvK, cÖvPxb ivRbxwZweìv Zv‡ì `xN©w`‡bi Z¨vM-
wZwZ¶v wemR©b w`‡q jywU‡q co‡Qb mvgwiK cÖfyi K`h© cv‡q, K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vjq cÖKw¤úZ
n‡‪Q A‡¯¿i SbSbvwb‡Z, QvÎ‡bZv‡ì Pvicv‡k Do‡Q UvKv Avi ¶gZvÑ Avi Zvi †jv‡f
c‡o AvR‡Ki wecøex Kvj‡KB n‡q hv‡‪Q cÖfyi PvgPv| ivóªB DrmvwnZ Ki‡Q Amr n‡Z,
92
Av`k©nxb n‡Z, bxwZnxb n‡Z| kvm‡Ki cÖZ¨¶ ZË¡veav‡b †f‡O †`qv n‡‪Q RvwZi •bwZK
†gi `ÊÑ `yb©xwZ Kiv †h j¾v Avi Aciv‡ai e¨vcvi, †mB †evaUzKz‡KI Kei †`qv n‡‪Q|
msev`cÎ eÜ n‡q hv‡‪Q hLb-ZLb, †jLK-wkíx-msev`Kg©xiv wbM„nxZ n‡‪Qb Anin, Avi
GmewKQyi g‡a¨ w`‡q a~gvwqZ n‡‪Q †¶vf| ïay RvZxq Rxe‡bB bq, Av‰‭Rv© wZK we‡k¦I ZLb
NU‡Q GK wecyj wech©qÑ mgvRZvw‰¿K ivóª¸‡jv‡K `Lj K‡i wb‡‪Q exfrm cyuwRev`|
GKmgq Zi Y‡ì GK weivU Ask IBme iv‡óªi Av`‡j wb‡Ri †`‡kI GKwU wecøex
cwieZ©‡bi ¯^c′ †`LZ (†mB ¯^c′ fyj wQj wK ï× wQj, †mB Z‡K©i †P‡q ¸i Z¡c~Y© e¨vcvi
njÑ Zi Y‡ì mvg‡b IiKg GKwU ¯^c′ wQj, wQj Av`k©)Ñ G mg‡q †mB ¯^c′I †f‡O †h‡Z
_v‡K, cv‡qi wbP †_‡K m‡i †h‡Z _v‡K ùvovevi gvwU| Ggwb GKwU j¶¨nxb-Av`k©nxb-
bxwZnxb-¯^c′wenxb mgq wQj †mwU| †Kv_vI wQj bv wKQy Avkvev`x nevi g‡Zv, †Kv_vI Ggb
wKQy wQj bv hv‡K Aej¤^b K‡i GKRb Zi Y Rxeb‡K A_©c~Y© K‡i †Zvjvi ¯^c′ †`L‡Z
cv‡i| †h eqmwU‡Z gvby‡li m‡e©v‪P gvbwmK weKvk N‡U, †mB eqmwU hw` Kv‡U Ggb GKwU
Ave× mg‡q I Ave× cwi‡e‡k, Zvn‡j †m n‡q I‡V Am¤ú~~Y© gvbyl| GB mgqwU ZvB Am¤ú~Y©
gvby‡l fwZ©| Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨fye‡bi Ae¯ vUvB-ev †Kgb wQj ZLb? mvgwiK miKv‡ii
K‚UPv‡j `yb©xwZ †hgb me©MÖvmx iƒ‡c †P‡c e‡m‡Q evsjv‡`‡k, mvwnZ¨fye‡bI c‡o‡Q Zvi
cÖfve| mvwnwZ¨Kiv wkwei wef³| GK`j e½fe‡b, Ab¨`j ivRc‡_, KweZv †køvMvbgyLi,
K_vmvwnZ¨‡K wc‡V K‡i e‡q wb‡q †h‡Z Pv‡‪Q ÔRbwcÖqZvÕ bvgK GK D ¢U DU| Av‡MI
e‡jwQ, GB RbwcÖq mvwn‡Zï wbg©vZv cÖavbZ mË‡ii K‡qKRb †jLK, huv‡ì Kv‡Q
ÔmvwnZ¨g~j¨Õ bvgK e¨vcviwUi †P‡q gyL¨ n‡q D‡VwQj †jLvi evwYwR¨K g~‡jï welqwUÑ Avi
Zuviv wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb mvwn‡Zï Rb¨ GK A ¢yZ Auvavi| Avwki `k‡Ki †jLKiv GB bó
†mªv‡Zi wei ‡× ùvov‡jb Zvi ‡Yï †`ªvn wb‡q, cÖavbZ wjUj g¨vMvwRb‡K †K‱`ª K‡i| †`‡ki
•`wbK cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨ mvgwqKx I mvßvwnK-cvw¶K-gvwmK g¨vMvwRb¸‡jv hLb cvVK-
g‡bviÄ‡b e¨¯‭, RbwcÖq avivi mvwnZ¨‡K hveZxq Avkªq-cÖkªq-†cÖiYv †`qvi Rb¨
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wjß, ZLb A‡bKUv wbtk‡ãB wjUj g¨vMvwRb¸‡jv Avkªq w`‡q‡Q Zi Y
†jLK‡ì| m¤¢eZ G Kvi‡YB lv‡Ui ci Avwk‡Z G‡m wjUj g¨vMvwRb Av‡‱`vjb Avevi gv_v
DuPz K‡i ùvwo‡q‡Q| GiKg GKwU mg‡q Mí‡jLK wn‡m‡e AvMgb NUj A‡kvK Ki,
Av‱`vwje ivk`x, Ave`yj AvDqvj †P․ayix, Avngv` Kvgi j gxRvb, BgwZqvi kvgxg,
BkwZqvK Avjg, Iqvmx Avn‡g`, Iqvwn` †iRv, KvRj kvn‡bIqvR, Rvwn` †bIqvR,
Rvwn`yi iwng, SY©v ingvb, ZwgRDwÏb †jv`x, Zcb eo‬qv, Zv‡iK kvnwihvi, †èvwkl
fÆvPvh©, bvwRe Iqv`y`, bvmwib Rvnvb, cvi‡fR †nv‡mb, cÖjq †è, wek¦wRr †P․ayix, eyjeyj
miIqvi, gbxl ivq, gwb nvq`vi, gnxeyj AvwRR, gvLivR Lvb, gvgyb ûmvBb, gvneye
†gvZvbve″x, gvneye †iRv, †gv¯‭dv †nv‡mBb, gymv Kvgvj wgwni, gyRZvwn` dvi Kx, iwdKzi
ikx`, iv‡k` Db bex, wiwkZ Lvb, kixd Lvb, knx`yj Avjg, knx` Lvb, knx`yj Rwni, kvn
wbmZvi Rvnvb, ïwP •mq`, mvgmyj Kwei, mviIqvi-Dj-Bmjvg, mÄxe †P․ayix, wmivRyj
Bgjvg gywbi, myeªZ AMvw÷b †Mv‡gR, †mwjg †gvi‡k`, •mq` wiqvRyi ikx`, ¯^c′v †iRv,
nvwg` Kvqmvi, nvmvb Rvwn`, ûgvqyb gvwjK cÖg~L|
†jLv‡jwL ïi i cÖvq `y-hyM c‡iI Avwki †jLK‡ì Mí wb‡q g‰‭e¨ Kiv GKUz KwVb|
G‡ì A‡b‡KB GLb G‡Kev‡iB wjL‡Qb bv, A‡b‡Ki †Kv‡bv MÖ‰ I cÖKvwkZ nqwb| wKsev
`y-GKwU n‡jI Zv BwZg‡a¨B `y®cÖvc¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q| cÎ-cwÎKv I wjUj g¨vMvwRb¸‡jv †_‡K
93
Zuv‡ì Mí D×vi KivI cÖvq Am¤¢e welq| GwU Aek¨ me `k‡KB N‡U‡Q| ïi ‡Z Lye
m¤¢vebvi cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb Ggb A‡b‡KB †jLv _vwg‡q w`‡q‡Qb, Avi wd‡i Av‡mbwb|
mZZvi LvwZ‡i bvg¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiv nq, wK‰‧ D‡jøL bv Ki‡jI †Kv‡bv ¶wZe„w× nq bv| GB
wbw®…qiv Avevi †Kv‡bvw`b mwµq n‡q DV‡eb, GgbwU Avkv Kiv KwVb| Avwki A‡bK †jLK
†jLv‡jwL‡Z `xN© weiwZ w`‡q wd‡i G‡m‡Qb Avevi, wK‰‧ GB weiwZiI KviYI wVK ey‡S IVv
hvq bv| hv‡nvK, Avwki MíKvi‡ì cÖavb •ewkó¨Ñ Gu‡ì wbix¶vcÖeYZv| m¤¢eZ bZzb wKQy
m„wói †bkvq G mg‡qi Mí-wkíxiv wbix¶vi w`‡K Suz‡K c‡owQ‡jb| wK wel‡q, wK Avw½‡K,
wK fvlvq Zuviv AwP‡iB wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb ¯^Z‰¿ GKwU M‡íi fyebÑ c~‡e©i Mí-HwZn¨ †_‡K
hv †ek LvwbKUv Avjv`v| Uª¨vwWkbvj Mí-PP©vI †h nqwb Zv bq, eis hv n‡q‡Q Zvi msL¨v ev
wkíg~jÏ g‡bv‡hvM `vwe Kivi †hvM¨Zv iv‡L, wK‰‧ cÖavb mvwi‡Z wQ‡jb IB wbix¶vcÖeY
MíKviivB| Avevi GB mg‡qi wjUj g¨vMvwRb-†Kw‱`ªK mvwnZ¨v‡‱`vj‡bi av‡i-Kv‡QI wQ‡jb
bv Ggb †jL‡Ki msL¨vI Kg bq, Ges Gu‡ì †KD †KD Avwki cÖavb †jLK‡ì mvwi‡Z ¯ vb
K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| †hgb knx`yj Rwni, Iqvwm Avn‡g`, gvgyb ûmvBb, BgwZqvi kvgxg cÖgLy |
knx`yj Rwni evsjv mvwn‡Zï †cÖ¶vc‡U GK we¯§qKi †jLK| GiKg Avi GKRb
†jLKI Av‡mbwb `yB evsjvi mvwn‡Z¨| Zuvi M‡íi (Ges Dcb¨v‡miI) welq Awfbe,
eY©bv‡K․kj Af~Zc~e©, wbg©vY‣kjx we¯§qKi| Zuvi Mí †U‡b wb‡q hvq Gi fvlv I eY©bvi
¸‡Y; †kl K‡i ey‡S DV‡Z GKUz mgq jvM‡jI wKsev Av‡`․ ey‡S IVv bv-†M‡jI cvV †k‡l
GK ai‡bi fv‡jvjvMvi Av‡ek Qwo‡q c‡o| Zuvi cÖwZfv‡K ÔRv`yev¯‭eZvÕi g‡Zv eûj
eëüZ wK¬‡k GKwU kã w`‡q eY©bv Kivi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q eivei, KL‡bv Luy‡R †`Lv nqwbÑ
GB kãeÜ w`‡q Avm‡j Kx †evSv‡bv nq! Avgv‡ì RbRxeb, Avgv‡ì mvgvwRK I
ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZv, we‡kl K‡i cyi‡bv XvKvi gvbyl I Zv‡ì Rxeb‡K wZwb eivei Dc¯ vcb
K‡i‡Qb GK †K․ZzKc~Y© fw½‡Z, wK‰‧ GB †K․Zz‡Ki g‡a¨B jyKv‡bv _v‡K GK Mfxi
†e`bv‡eva| †h exfrm ev¯‭eZv Zuvi M‡íi PwiÎ¸‡jv‡K `Lj K‡i iv‡L, Zviv †mwU
†Kv‡bvµ‡gB AwZµg K‡i †h‡Z cv‡i bv, GK AbwZµg¨ e„‡Ë Zviv NyicvK †L‡Z _v‡K,
d‡j Zuvi M‡í GKB NUbvi eûevi cybive„wË N‡U, †hb GB cybive„wË w`‡q wZwb eywS‡q w`‡Z
PvbÑ GB gvbyl¸‡jvi Rxeb GgbB, cwieZ©b hv N‡U Zv Lye mvgvb¨B, AwKwÂrKi, aZ©‡eï
cÖvq evB‡iB| wZwb Zuvi Mí-Dcb¨v‡m UvBg‡d«‡gi aviYvI †f‡O w`‡q‡QbÑ AZxZ-eZ©gvb-
fwel¨r‡K GK Rv`yKwi fvlvq wgwj‡q wgwk‡q GKvKvi K‡i †d‡j‡Qb| KL‡bv KL‡bv ZvB
†`wL, eZ©gv‡bi NUbv eY©bv K‡i wZwb hLb AZx‡Zi NUbvq wd‡i hv‡‪Qb, ZLb GKwU
†mwg‡Kvjb w`‡q (;) Ôd‡jÕ GB kãwU eënvi K‡i eZ©gvb-AZx‡Zi ms‡hvMwU ¯ vcb
Ki‡Qb| †hb AZx‡Zi NUbvwU NU‡Q eZ©gv‡bi GB NUbvi †cÖw¶‡Z| A_P Avgv‡ì •`bw‱`b
Rxe‡b Kv‡ji aviYvwU wVK D‡ëv| Avgiv fvwe †h, eZ©gv‡bi NUbv N‡U AZx‡Zi NUbvi
†cÖw¶‡Z| (Zuvi me©‡kl Dcb¨vm Ôgy‡Li w`‡K †`wLÕ-G wZwb GB KvRwU me‡P‡q KzkjZvi
m‡½ m¤úb′ K‡i‡Qb|) ïay UvBg‡d«g bq, mg‡qi aviYv ch©‰‭ e`‡j w`‡qwQ‡jb wZwb|
mgq‡K fvev nq GK‣iwLK, ïay mvg‡bi w`‡KB hvi hvÎv| wK‰‧ fviZe‡l© eûKvj Av‡M
Ggb GKwU aviYv cÖPwjZ wQj †h, mgq e„ËvKvi| A_©vr mgq Zvi mv`„k¨c~Y© •ewkó¨¸‡jv
GKwU wbw`©ó mgq cici wdwi‡q Av‡b| knx`yj Rwni GB aviYvwU‡KB eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb|
Zuvi †jLvq GKB NUbvi cybive„wË GB e„ËvKvi mg‡qi aviYv‡K cÖwZwôZ Kivi RbÏ n‡Z
cv‡i| e¨vcviUv fv‡jvfv‡e †evSv hvq, Zuvi ÔPZz_©gvÎvÕ MíwU co‡j| weÁv‡bi fvlvq
94
mgq‡KB PZz_© gvÎv wn‡m‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv nq| wZwb †h welqwU Rvb‡Zb-bv Zv †Zv bq, bv-
Rvb‡j ÔPZz_© gvÎvÕ kãwUB wZwb eënvi Ki‡Zb bv| †Zv, GB M‡íI IB cybive„wËi †Ljv|
†hb GKB mgq evievi wd‡i wd‡i Avm‡Q| GB e¨vcviUv Av‡iv Zxeªfv‡e aiv c‡o‡Q
Ôg‡bvRM‡Zi KuvUvÕ M‡íI| Zuvi M‡í aiv c‡o‡Q gvbeRxe‡bi inm¨gqZvI, Avi GB
inm¨gqZv‡K wZwb Dc¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb Ggb GK fw½‡Z †h, Gi mewKQy ey‡S IVv LyeB KwVb
n‡q c‡o| mwZ¨ K_v ej‡Z wK, Zuvi me Mí ey‡S DV‡Z †c‡i‡QbÑ Ggb `vwe †evanq
†Kv‡bv cvVKB Ki‡eb bv (wK‰‧ GgbB GK †NvijvMv eY©bv‡K․kj eënvi K‡ib wZwb †h,
GKevi IB Mí co‡j Zvi Av‡ek †_‡K †e‡iv‡bv KwVb n‡q I‡V)| †hgb, ÔWjy b`xi nvIqvÕ
M‡íi mgZ©evby Zvi ¯^vgx‡K cÖwZw`b `y‡Uv Møvm GwM‡q †`q, hvi GKwU‡Z wel, Av‡iKwU‡Z
weï× cvwb| Pwjøk eQi a‡i ¯^vgx-¯¿xi g‡a¨ GB fqsKi Ô†LjvÕ P‡j Ges ¯^vgxwU wbfy©jfv‡e
cÖwZw`bB cvwbi MøvmwU Zz‡j †bq| GwU wKfv‡e m¤¢e? Gi e¨vL¨v Kx? †Kb KL‡bvB Zvi nv‡Z
we‡li MøvmwU D‡V Av‡m bv? hv‡nvK, Zuvi M‡íi GKgvwÎK e¨vL¨v Kiv LyeB wec`RbK, KviY
Gi m¤ú~Y© wecixZ e¨vL¨v nvwRi Ki‡jI †mwU‡K fyj e‡j g‡b nq bv| GB eûgvwÎKZvB
Zuvi M‡íi cÖavb •ewkó¨| Ôg‡bvRM‡Zi KuvUvÕ ÔAvgv‡ì KzwUiwk‡íi BwZnvmÕ ÔPZz_© gvÎvÕ
ÔWjy b`xi nvIqvÕ ÔB‱`yi-wejvB †LjvÕ ÔAvgv‡ì eKzjÕ Ô†Kv_vq cve Zv‡iÕ cÖf„wZ M‡í wZwb
Avgv‡ì‡K †h RMr Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb, Zv evsjv M‡íi ¯ vqx m¤ú‡` cwiYZ n‡e e‡jB wek¦vm
Kwi Avwg| Zuvi AKvj g„Zz¨ GB Awfbe-A‡j․wKK c„w_ex I mgq cwiågY †_‡K Avgv‡ì‡K
wPiKv‡ji Rb¨ ewÂZ Kij|
Iqvwm Avn‡g` Avwki wbix¶vev`x‡ì `‡j wQ‡jb bv| LvwbKUv Uª¨vwWkbvj Mí-PPv©B
K‡i‡Qb wZwb| wK‰‧ be″B‡qi †kl w`‡K G‡m g‡b n‡‪QÑ Zuvi mvdj¨ AviI A‡bK‡K
Qvwo‡q †M‡Q| M‡íi eyb‡b, Abvo¤î-KwgDwb‡KwUf fvlvq, cÖZxKx Aven wbg©v‡Y, m‡e©vcwi
cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q GKwU ÔMíÕ ejvi Q‡j Zvi Kvw‫¶‫‬Z †g‡mRwU †cu․‡Q †`qvi Kzkwj ÷vB‡j wZwb
G mg‡qi GK e¨vwZµgx Míwkíx| Zuvi ÔexRg‰¿Õ MíwU cÖwZôvb we‡ivwaZv, K‡c©v‡iU
we‡ivwaZvi Rb¨ GK gvBjdjK Mí n‡q _vK‡e| ev¯‭e wb‡q KvR K‡ib wZwb, mvgvwRK ev¯‭
eZv, ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZv, RvZxq I Av‰‭Rv© wZK cwigÊ‡ji mgm¨v-msKU I ev¯‭eZv mewKQyB
wZwb †`‡L wb‡Z Pvb Zuvi Abe`¨ Kzkwj wbg©v‡Y| Avi wbg©vY †k‡l Avgiv †`wL, Kx Aejxjvq
wZwb ev¯‭e †_‡K AwZev¯‭‡e P‡j †M‡Qb, Rxe‡bi DcwiZj †_‡K P‡j †M‡Qb Mfxi
Zj‡`‡k| Ô†jvKgvb nvwK‡gi ¯^c′`k©bÕ ÔbvMvjÕ Ô†QuvqvÕ ÔebmvB‡qi MíÕ ÔkxZ-wccvmvi †Ì-
`vbeÕ Ô†gNmuvZviÕ cÖf„wZ Mí Zuvi cÖwZfvi ¯^v¶i enb Ki‡Q|
gvgyb ûmvBb G mg‡qi GK kw³gvb MíKvi| Zuvi Mí †hgb gyn~‡Z© gyn~‡Z© ¯^c′-
Kíbv-ev¯‭eZv-†NviMÖ¯‭Zv-weg~Z©Zvq Ny‡i †eovq, †Zgwb cvVK‡K GK †NvijvMv eY©bvi g‡a¨
w`‡q ïi  †_‡K †kl ch©‰‭ †U‡b wb‡q hvevi `y`©v‰‭ ¶gZv Av‡Q Zuvi| †gavex, g‡bv‡hvMx,
cwikªgx cvVK bv-n‡j Zuvi M‡íi m‡½ ms‡hvM ¯ vc‡b e¨_© n‡eb nq‡Zv-ev, wK‰‧ Gi ¯^c′-
Kíbv-ev¯‭eZvi wgwjZ RMr Zv‡K `Lj K‡i ivL‡e `xN©¶Y| Avwki `k‡K gvgy‡bi g‡Zv
GZ †ewk wW‡UBwj‡Oi KvR Avi †KD K‡ibwb| Zuvi M‡íI Avm‡j GKwU Mí _v‡K bv, _v‡K
GKvwaK Mí, GKwU M‡íi g‡a¨B wZwb XywK‡q †`b Av‡iv A‡bK AbyMí, wKsev Av‡iKwU cy‡iv
Mí| GBLvbUv‡Z G‡m Bwjqvm ev gwbivi m‡½ Zvi wgj Luy‡R cvIqv hvq| G †hb GKwU
e„¶| ïi  nq †Mvov †_‡KB Zvici µgvMZ Wvjcvjv †gj‡Z _v‡K, Z‡e gwbivi M‡í g~j
MíwU nvwi‡q hvq bv, gvgyb, GgbwK †mwUI Aby‡gv`b K‡ib| Zuvi eY©bvi fw½wUI K_Kfw½
95
bq, K_‡Ki M‡í g~j M‡íi Av‡kcv‡k Av‡iv A‡bK Mí _v‡K| Zvi KviY nq‡Zv GB †h,
Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv MíB Avm‡j wb‡iU bq, Zvi A‡bK cÖm½-Abyl½ _v‡K, Zvi Av‡M wc‡Q Wv‡b
euv‡q Av‡iv A‡bK Mí-Kvwnbx _v‡K, g~j PwiÎ¸‡jvi Pvicv‡k Av‡iv A‡bK PwiÎ _v‡K, †h
†Kv‡bv gvby‡li †h †Kv‡bv gyn~‡Z©i wP‰‭vi g‡a¨ †Kej IB gyn~‡Z©i wP‰‭vB _v‡K bv, _v‡K Av‡iv
eû gyn~‡Z©i, eû mg‡qi, eû cÖm‡½i wP‰‭v| gvgyb K_Kfw½‡Z bv wj‡LI GB welq¸‡jv a‡ib
†Kb? †KbB-ev g~j M‡íi cÖwZ Z‡ZvUv AbyMZ _v‡Kb bv? Zvi KviY nq‡Zv GB †h, wZwb
m¤¢eZ g‡b K‡ibÑ Rxeb GiKgB, GBiKg Qov‡bv-wQUv‡bv, Ges †kl ch©‰‭ Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv
M‰‭eÏ †bB, g„Zz¨ Qvov| g„Zz¨ wb‡q Zuvi †Nvi-jvMv me Mí Avgiv c‡owQ Zuvi Ôgvby‡li g„Zz¨
n‡jÕ MÖ‡‰ | GB MÖ‡‰  AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm‡K wb‡q Ô¯^MZ g„Zzï cUf~wgÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi
GKwU AmvaviY Mí Av‡Q| MíwU c‡o †Nvi jv‡M, †`wL Bwjqvm P‡j G‡m‡Qb Zuvi Amvgvb¨
evwM¥Zv wb‡q, Zuvi Mí-Dcb¨vm Ges †mm‡ei PwiÎ¸‡jv wb‡q| †`wL iÄy, Imgvb, nvwÇ-
wLwRi, wgwj, gywÝ, cvKzoMvQ, Kvrjvnvi wej, hgybv, †Lvqvebvgv, gvjwZbMiÑ mevB-mewKQy
ûogyo K‡i Xy‡K co‡Q M‡íi g‡a¨| Avgv‡ì †Nvi Kv‡U bv, Avgiv weåv‰‭ nB, g‡b nq
GBgvÎ Bwjqv‡mi mgMÖ RxebwU‡KÑ Zuvi Rb¥ †_‡K g„Zz¨ ch©‰‭Ñ †`‡L DVjvg| Avgiv fy‡j
hvBÑ GwU GKwU Mí, fy‡j hvB ev¯‭e Avi Kíbvi cv_©K¨; †KvbUv ev¯‭e †KvbUv Kíbv,
†KvbUv Bwjqvm ej‡Qb Avi †KvbUv gvgyb ûmvBb Bwjqv‡mi gy‡L ewm‡q w`‡‪Qb, †mUv wbY©q
Kiv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ Am¤¢e n‡q I‡V| Ges Avgiv †Ui cvBÑ GB M‡íi †jLK bb, MíwU
Avgv‡ì Rb¨ ¸i Z¡c~Y© n‡q D‡V‡Q| Mí, M‡íi AvL¨vb Avi M‡íi PwiÎ¸‡jv †_‡K wb‡R‡K
wehy³ ivLv ev wb‡R‡K `~‡i ivLvi †h KzkjZv, Zvi PgrKvi cÖgvY Avgiv gvgyb ûmvB‡bi
g‡a¨ †`‡L wew¯§Z nB e‡U, Z‡e †mUv Mí-cv‡Vi †Nvi †K‡U hvIqvi ci, mgv‡jvP‡Ki †Pv‡L
MíwU †`‡L †bqvi mgq| GKwU MÖ‰  ¸i Z¡c~Y© n‡q-IVvi Rb¨ †mLv‡b Ggb GKwU Mí _vKvB
h‡_ó, †Kv‡bv MíKv‡iiB me Mí mgvb gv‡bi nq bv, Ôgvby‡li g„Zz¨ n‡jÕ MÖ‰ wUI GB GKwU
M‡íi Rb¨B wewkó ¯ vb cvIqvi `vwe`vi| wK‰‧ Ab¨ Mí¸‡jvI Avgiv Ae‡njv Ki‡Z cvwi
bv| KviY GB MÖ‰ fy³ Mí¸‡jvi welqB Ggb †h, Zv Avgv‡ì wbqwgZfv‡eB `Lj K‡i
iv‡L| g„Zz¨| wK‰‧ g„Zz¨ (ev Rxeb) m¤^‡Ü †Kv‡bv K_vB †kl K_v bq, gvgyb †mUv Rv‡bb, Avi
ZvB g„Zz¨ wb‡q iwPZ GB Mí¸‡jv‡Z wZwb g„Zz¨-fvebvi eûgvwÎK, eûewY©j w`K Zz‡j a‡ib|
g„Zz¨ †hb GK †gvnb †cÖwgKv, †hb GK wcÖqZg fvebv| Avgiv wewfb′ M‡í bvbv iƒ‡c †mB
†cÖwgKv‡K Dcw¯ Z n‡Z †`wL, bvbv fvlvq Zvi K_v ïwb, iwPZ n‡Z †`wL GK g„Zz¨cyivY| ïay
GB MÖ‡‰ B bb, Zuvi cÖ_g MÖ‰  Ôkv‰‭ m‰¿v‡mi Puv`gvwiÕ †_‡K ïi  K‡i ÔAvgv‡ì Rvbv wQj
wKQyÕ Ôwbi ‡Ïk cÖK‡íi cÖwZfvÕ ÔK‡qKRb mvgvb¨ gvbylÕ ÔevjK †ejvi †K․kjÕ Ôivóª h‡‰¿i
†LjvayjvÕ cÖf„wZ MÖ‡‰  wZwb Avgv‡ì‡K G‡Ki ci GK we¯§q Dcnvi w`‡q †M‡Qb| wK‰‧
GKwU K_v bv-ej‡jB bq, Zuvi eY©bvfw½ KL‡bv KL‡bv K¬vw‰‭KiI n‡q I‡V| cwikªgx cvVK
Pvb wZwb, fv‡jv K_v, Zv wZwb PvB‡ZB cv‡ib, wK‰‧ †mwU hw` QywUi w`‡b Awdm Kivi g‡Zv
cwikªg n‡q hvq †mwU cvV‡Ki Ici GKUz evowZ PvcB •Zwi K‡i!
G mg‡qi fvlv-m‡PZb I wbix¶vcÖeY MíKvi †mwjg †gvi‡k` Zuvi MíPP©vq `xN©
weiwZ †U‡bwQ‡jb| Zuvi Ôwbe©vwPZ MíÕ †ei ‡bvi AvM ch©‰‭ Gi GK hyM Av‡M cÖKvwkZ Ges
`y®cÖvc¨ n‡q IVv ÔKvUv mv‡ci gyÊyÕB wQj Zuvi GKgvÎ MíMÖ‰ | cÖ_g MÖ‡‰ B iƒp-Amnbxq
ev¯‭eZvi GK Awfbe Qwe Gu‡KwQ‡jb wZwb| ÔKvUv mv‡ci gyÊyÕ M‡í wZwb cÖvq Awek¦vm¨-
AKíbxq GK ev¯‭e‡K cvV‡Ki mvg‡b wek¦vm‡hvM¨ K‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb Zuvi ¯§vU© M`¨ Avi
96
eY©bv‡K․kj w`‡q| wZwb e¨w³i w`‡K †hgb ggZvi †Pv‡L ZvwK‡q‡Qb, †Zgwb Zx¶è †Pv‡L
ZvwK‡q‡Qb mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZvi w`‡KI| ev¯‭eZvi duv‡` AvU‡K cov, cwiÎvYnxb
h‰¿Yvq `» nIqv gvby‡li K_v e‡j †M‡Qb GK Kzkwj M`¨fvlvq, †h fvlv KL‡bv KL‡bv
e¨vKi‡Yi mxgvbvI †cwi‡q †h‡Z †P‡q‡Q| Zuvi ÔKvb′vNiÕ ÔmwLPvbÕ, ÔKvUv mv‡ci gyÊÕy ÔmyeªZ
†mb¸ß I mgKvjxb e½mgvRÕ ÔjveY¨ †hfv‡e ùvwo‡q _v‡KÕ Ôwkjv `„óv‰‭Õ cÖf„wZ Mí we‡kl
D‡jøL‡hvM¨Zvi `vwe iv‡L| m¤cÖwZ cÖKvwkZ Zuvi Ôev‡Ni N‡i †NvMÕ MÖ‡‰  wZwb `w¶YvÂ‡ji
Pigc‰ x evg-ivRbxwZi GK g‡bvÁ weeiY Dc¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb, Ges GB MÖ‡‰  G‡m g‡b nj,
wZwb Zuvi †Pbv Dc¯ vcb-†K․kj †_‡K LvwbKUv m‡iI G‡m‡Qb| ÔcÖwZôvb-we‡ivaxÕ,
GK‡ivLv, †Rw` GB †jLK ïay Zuvi †jLvi Kvi‡YB bq, cÖvwZôvwbK g~j¨‡ev‡ai wei ‡× Zuvi
`„p Ae¯ v‡bi Kvi‡YI Av‡iv eûw`b Av‡jvPbvi †K‡‱`ª _vK‡eb|
•mq` wiqvRyi ikx` GB mg‡qi me‡P‡q wbix¶vcÖeY †jLK| we‡kl K‡i Zuvi
Avw½‡Ki wbix¶v KL‡bv-KL‡bv welq‡KI Qvwc‡q I‡V| wk‡íi BwZnvm Avm‡j Zvi
Avw½‡Ki BwZnvm; bZzb K_v ejvi †bB, Gi g‡a¨B me ejv n‡q †M‡Q; bZzb wKQy ej‡Z n‡j
IB cyi‡bv K_v¸‡jvB ej‡Z n‡e wK‰‧ Kxfv‡e Zv ejv n‡‪Q †mUvi IciB wbf©i Ki‡e wkíxi
gywÝqvbvÑ mviv c„w_exi Avw½Kev`xiv GBme K_v eûKvj a‡iB e‡j Avm‡Qb| wiqvRyi
ikxÌ nq‡Zv †mB c‡_iB cw_K, d‡j †h MíwU kv`vgvUvfv‡eI ejv hvq †mwU‡ZI
Avw½KMZ •ewPÎ¨ wb‡q Av‡mb wZwb| Zuvi cÖ_g MÖ‰  ÔAv¸‡bi wec` Avc`Õ-G wZwb GB
wbix¶v ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvici Ôkv`v KvwnbxÕ Ôjvk bvBÕ †cwi‡q ÔMí I Ab¨vb¨ Qwe‡jLvÕ-
GI †mwU Ae¨vnZ †_‡K‡Q| GB wbix¶v GZUvB †Pv‡L c‡o †h, wel‡qi cwieZ©b¸‡jvI †M․Y
n‡q I‡V| cÖ_gw`‡K wZwb cÖavbZ RbRxe‡bi w`‡K ZvwK‡qwQ‡jb wZh©K †Pv‡L, eyS‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb Zv‡ì GB ¶q I †e`bvi Drm †Kv_vq! c‡ii eB‡Z RbRxe‡bi m‡½
e¨w³gvby‡li m¤úK©¸‡jv wZwb LwZ‡q †`L‡Z PvB‡jb ggZv w`‡q, Z…Zxq eB‡Z Luy‡R †`L‡jb
Avgv‡ì gyw³hy×‡K| GBfv‡e wZwb wb‡R‡K GwM‡q wb‡q‡Qb µgvMZ, GL‡bv wb‡R‡K
AMÖmigvbYB †i‡L‡Qb|
Avw½‡Ki wbix¶v K‡i‡Qb gvLivR LvbI| AvmvaviY KzkjZv wQj †mBme wbix¶vq|
ÔweÁvcb I gvby‡li MíÕ Ges ÔZvgªK‚U Av`gxÕ Zuvi †mBme wbix¶v a‡i †i‡L‡Q| wK‰‧
ïaygvÎ wbix¶v w`‡q †ewk`~i G‡Mv‡bv hvq-bv †evanq| eûw`b Zuvi †jLv Avi †Pv‡L co‡Q bv
Avgv‡ì|
knx`yj Avjg Zuvi cÖ_g MíMÖ‰  ÔNyY‡cvKvi wmsnvmbÕ w`‡qB wZwb cvV‡Ki g‡bv‡hvMx
`„wó Kvo‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb| mgKv‡ji †K¬`, ¶q Avi Mfxi MfxiZi AmyL wZwb eyS‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb e¨w³gvby‡li †PvL I gb I Rxeb w`‡q Ges †mwU‡Z mvdjÏ †`wL‡qwQ‡jb| IB
eB‡qi Ôiv‡Rb e„Ëv‰‭Õ Ôi Kz, WvBbx Puv` A_ev †c‡ov gw‱`‡ii MíÕ ÔKvdKvi ¯^c′Õ cÖf„wZ Mí
Zuvi mvd‡jïB cwiPq †`q| wØZxq MÖ‰  Ôjvj †gvi‡Mi SzuwUÕ-†Z G‡m wZwb ¯úóZB wb‡R‡K
mwi‡q G‡b‡Qb c~e©Zb Mífvebv †_‡K| RbRxeb, mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZv Avi
Gm‡ei †fZ‡i gvby‡li `ytmn Rxeb GB MÖ‡‰  AwaKZi ¸i Z¡ †c‡q‡Q| wK‰‧ wZwb †h
†klch©‰‭ e¨w³-gvby‡liB MíKvi Zvi cÖgvYI Av‡Q GB MÖ‡‰ | ÔKz°ziavgÕ MíwU †mB cÖgvY
†`q| knx`y‡ji fvlv KwgDwb‡KwUf, M‡íi cwiYwZ m¤^‡Ü j¶¨gyLx, Avi †hme cvVK Mí
c‡o Gi g‡a¨ ÔMíÕ QvovI Av‡iv wKQy Luy‡R †c‡Z Pvb Zv‡ì Rb¨ wZwb †i‡L †`b wKQy
PgrKvi Bw½Z I Bkviv|
97
KvRj kvn‡bIqvR GB mg‡qi GK e¨wZµgx MíKvi| cÖ_gw`‡K Zuvi M‡íi ci‡Z-
ci‡Z Qwo‡q _vKZ KweZvi †m․‱`h©| nq‡Zv †h Mí-cv‡V KweZvcv‡Vi Avb‱` I Abyf~wZ nq
†mwUB me‡P‡q wkímdj Mí! †K Rv‡b! KvR‡ji ÔKvwQgMvjvÕ Ô†ivK‡bi g„Zz¨Õ cÖf„wZ Mí
cvVK‡K †mB Avb‱` w`‡qwQj| ÔKvwQgMvjvÕi ci GK `xN© weiwZ w`‡q wØZxq MíMÖ‰ 
ÔMZKvj jvjÕ-G wZwb Av‡iv Mfxifv‡e wd‡i ZvKv‡jb RbRxe‡bi w`‡K, Zz‡j Avb‡jb
Zv‡ì Avb‱` I †e`bv, cvc I cZb, ¶q I K¬vw‰‭‡KÑ wbR¯^ Abe`¨ fvlvq|
Zcb eo‬qvI Zuvi M‡í KweZvi †m․‱`h© m„wó K‡ib| Zuvi GKgvÎ MíMÖ‰  ÔRvcvwb wkï,
mnhvÎx Ges Rjfiv KÉÕ-G wZwb hy×, †cÖg Avi Rxeb‡K Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb KweZvi fvlvq|
cvi‡fR †nv‡m‡bi Mí †ek KwgDwb‡KwUf| wZwb Lye †ewk wbix¶vi w`‡K hvbwb, GK
wbivm³ M‡`¨ w`‡q wZwb gvby‡li ¶q I †e`bvi Mí e‡j †M‡Qb| Zuvi AwaKvsk M‡íi
welqe¯‧ e¨w³gvby‡li msKU| e¨w³i †cÖg I AvKv‫¶‫‬v, Zvi nZvkv I cxob, Zvi RwUj
g‡bvRM‡Z cwicv‡k¦©i bvbvwea NUbvewji AwfNv‡Z m„ó msKUmg~‡ni weeiY cvIqv hvq Zuvi
wewfb′ M‡í| bvbv Kvi‡Y Gme msKU †b‡g Av‡m Zuvi Kzkxje‡ì Rxe‡b, Ges AwaKvsk
†¶‡ÎB msKU DËi‡Y Zv‡ì wKQy Kivi _v‡K bv| GK Mfxi wecb′Zv Avi Amnvq‡Z¡ Avµv‰‭
nq Zviv, cÖvq wbqwZZvwoZ Gme gvby‡li Mí Avgv‡ì‡K ïwb‡q †`b wZwb Mfxi ggZvq|
mgKvj I cwicv‡k¦©i Qwe AuvKvqI `¶Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb wZwb| Zuvi Dcgveûj Ges
wPÎKígq M`¨fvlvwUI cvVK‡ì‡K AvK…ó Kivi ¶gZv iv‡L| Z‡e Zuvi m¤cÖwZ cÖKvwkZ
MÖ‰  ÔwelKuvUvÕ c‡o g‡b nj, Av‡Mi MÖ‰ ¸‡jv †_‡K Lye †ewk weKvk N‡Uwb ZuviÑ bv wel‡q,
bv fvlvq, bv cÖKi‡Y| Zuvi ÔMvi`Õ Ôe„wð‡Ki RvjÕ Ô¶wqZ i³cyZzjÕ ÔniYÕ ÔKvieviÕ
ÔwelKuvUvÕ cÖf„wZ Mí ¯§iY‡hvM¨ n‡q _vK‡e e‡jB g‡b Kwi|
Avwki `k‡K wjUj g¨vMvwRb‡K †K‱`ª K‡i huviv R‡ov n‡qwQ‡jb, Zuviv Lye m½Z
Kvi‡YB mvaviY cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q †cu․Q‡Z cv‡ibwb †hgb, †ZgbB wbqwgZ †jLv‡jwL †_‡K
`~‡iI †_‡K‡Qb wKQyw`b; nq‡Zv wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi ¯^íZv Gi GKwU eo KviY| †Kv‡bv-GK
AÁvZ Ges Awb‡Y©q Kvi‡Y Avwki A‡bK †jLKB A‡bKw`b ch©‰‭ wbw®…q wQ‡jb| nv‡Z-
†Mvbv K‡qKRb Qvov Avwki A‡bK †jLKB †Kb Zuv‡ì †jLv‡jwL‡Z `xN© †Q` Uvb‡jb †mUv
†evSv gykwKj| †mwjg †gvi‡k`, knx`yj Avjg, cvi‡fR †nv‡mb, gvLivR Lvb Guiv mevB
`xN© weiwZ w`‡q‡Qb| mvgmyj Kwei wbw®…q, mÄxe †P․ayixI g„Zzï AvM ch©‰‭ M‡í wbw®…qB
wQ‡jb| Gu‡ì AmvaviY m¤¢vebvÑ AwZ Aí mg‡q hv cwiùzwUZ n‡q D‡VwQj, GLb
G‡Kev‡iB wgªqgvY n‡q Av‡Q| wbw®…qZvi D`vniY †hgb Av‡Q, †Zgwb Zzgj y mwµqZvi
D`vniYI Av‡Q GB mg‡qB| bvmixb Rvnvb I BgwZqvi kvgxg wb‡R‡ì‡K wbi‰‭i mwµq
†i‡L‡Qb| gvgyb ûmvBb, ûgvqyb gvwjKI wbqwgZB wj‡L †M‡Qb| knx`yj Rwni, •mq`
wiqvRyi ikx` ¯^ícÖR n‡jI †jLv‡jwLi m‡½B wQ‡jb memgq|
GB mg‡qi me‡P‡q eûcÖR †jLK bvmixb Rvnvb| ejv †h‡Z cv‡i wZwbB GLb ch©‰‭
me‡P‡q †ewk mwµq †i‡L‡Qb wb‡R‡K| Aek¨ Zuvi e¨¯‭Zv ïay Mí wb‡q bq, cÖavbZ
Dcb¨vm‡K wN‡iB, Zey Zuvi i‡q‡Q cÖPyi I eûgvwÎK Mí †jLvi cÖeYZv| M‡íi welq wn‡m‡e
e¨w³gvby‡li ¶q, †K¬`, g‡bvweKjb, bvixi wbR¯^ c„w_ex, GKB mgv‡R evm Kiv GKRb
cyi ‡li Avi GKRb bvixi wfb′Ñ cÖvq wecixZag©xÑ ev¯‭eZv, GB mg¯‭wKQy| bvmixb me‡P‡q
Kzkwj †Pv‡L bvixi †Pv‡L wek¦‡K †`‡L‡Qb, †mB †`Lvq bvixev`x fvebvi cÖKvk Av‡Q e‡U,
wK‰‧ Zv D‪PwKZ bq| †Kv‡bv gZev`‡KB wZwb wk‡íi †P‡q eo n‡q DV‡Z †`bwb| Zuvi
98
eY©bvi g‡a¨ civev¯‭eZv Avi hv`yev¯‭eZvi Dcv`vb Av‡Q, wK‰‧ KL‡bv-KL‡bv Zuvi fvlvUv‡K
GK‡N‡q, †c․btcywbK I we‡kl‡Yi A ¢yZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi cÖej-cÖPzi cÖeYZvq Avµv‰‭ e‡j g‡b nq
Avgvi| Ôcyi l ivRKzgvixÕ ÔCl©vÕ ÔKvV‡cuPvÕ Ôm¤£g hLb Akøxj n‡q I‡VÕ Ôc~e©cyi l Avi †mvbvi
gvKomvi MíÕ Ô†h AÜ †jvKwU iO †`L‡Z RvbZÕ cÖf„wZ Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí|
†h ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZvi †fZi w`‡q Avwki †jLKiv †e‡o D‡VwQ‡jb, Zvi Lye †ewk
cÖKvk †`Lv hvqwb Zuv‡ì †jLvq| BgwZqvi kvgxg Gi D¾¡j e¨wZµg Ges wZwbB G mg‡qi
me‡P‡q †ewk ivRbxwZ-m‡PZb MíKvi| hZwKQyB ejv †nvK bv †Kb, gvby‡li Rxeb †h
ivRbxwZ-kvwmZ, wKsev ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZv †h mgwói Rxeb‡K GgbwK e¨w³i Rxeb‡KI
`yg‡o-gyP‡o †d‡j BgwZqvi Zuvi M‡í †mwU Lye fv‡jvfv‡e a‡i‡Qb| ÔkvmbKvj 2000Õ Ges
ÔkvmbKvj 2003Õ GB `y‡Uv Míwmwi‡R wZwb GB Zxeª ivRbxwZ-m‡PZbZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb|
wK‰‧ mewgwj‡q AmvaviY wkíKzkjZvi cwiPq wZwb w`‡qwQ‡jb ÔMÖvgvq‡bi BwZK_vÕ
Míwmwi‡R| Avgv‡ì MÖvg¸‡jv e`‡j hv‡‪Q, GK_v Avgiv mevB ewj| K_vwUi g‡a¨ wg‡_Ï
†bB| wK‰‧ DcwiKvVv‡gv‡Z †h cwieZ©b Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB, GB cwieZ©b‡K †evSvi Zv
KZUzKz h‡_ó? †fZi †_‡K KZUzKz cv‡ë‡Q mewKQy? †kvl‡Yi aibB e`‡j‡Q, wK‰‧ K‡g‡Q
KZUzKz? bvMwiK gvby‡li g‡bvRM‡Z GB MÖvgB-ev Kx iƒ‡c Ae¯ vb K‡i? GB mg¯‭wKQy wZwb
Luy‡R †`‡L‡Qb ÔMÖvgvq‡bi BwZK_vÕq| Z‡e GKwU K_v ejv ìKviÑ Zuvi GKwU wbR¯^ fvlv
I eY©bvfw½ Av‡Q e‡U; wK‰‧ †mwU cÖvqB g‡bv‡Uvbvm Abyf~wZi m„wó K‡i|
ûgvhyb gvwjKI cÖPzi Mí wj‡L‡Qb| eiveiB wmwiqvm M‡íi †jLK wZwb| Rxeb I
c„w_ex, mgvR I gvby‡li bvbvwea Am½wZ-AbvPvi-`yie¯ v-`ywe©cvK Zuvi M‡íi welqe¯‧
wn‡m‡e eiveiB ¸i Z¡ †c‡q G‡m‡Q| fvlvi Zx¶èZv I wel‡qi wewfb′Zv Zuvi Aviva¨, hwÌ
Zuvi fvlvwU `y®cÖvP¨ e‡j g‡b n‡Z cv‡i A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q|
nvwg` Kvqmvi wj‡L‡Qb mgv‡Ri bvbviKg gvbyl wb‡q| A‰‭R †kªwYi Rxeb‡K wZwb
†ek fv‡jvfv‡e †P‡bb e‡j g‡b nq, †mB Zzjbvq ga¨ ev D‪Pwe‡Ëi Rxeb Zuvi Kj‡g AZUv
mdjfv‡e wPwÎZ n‡Z cv‡i bv| bvbv †kªwY-†ckvi gvbyl wb‡q KvR Kiv GB mgvRm‡PZb
MíKviwUI BwZg‡a¨ cvV‡Ki g‡bv‡hvMx `„wó †K‡o‡Qb|
BgwZqvi, nvwg` I ûgvqybI wQ‡jb Avwki wbix¶vev`x‡ì evB‡i| Zuviv †hb
ùvwo‡qwQ‡jb Avwki †mªv‡Zi evB‡i, Avevi mË‡ii †mªv‡Zi wei ‡×| ejv †h‡Z cv‡iÑ GB
mg‡qi wbtm½ hvÎx Zuviv| Avwki Av‡iv A‡b‡KB Aek¨ m¤¢vebvi cwiPq w`‡qwQ‡jb, cieZ©x
mg‡q †Kb Avi wjL‡jb bv ev wbw®…q n‡q †M‡jb, †evSv hvq bv| gnxeyj AvwRR Lye
e¨wZµgx fw½‡Z MÖvgxY Rxeb‡K Gu‡KwQ‡jb| Avwbmyj nK RbwcÖqZvi avivq wb‡R‡K fvwm‡q
w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi †Kv‡bv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Kv‡bv Mí †bB e‡U, wK‰‧ Ôduv`Õ Dcb¨vmwU Av‡iv eûKvj
GKwU ¸i Z¡c~Y© Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv n‡e e‡j g‡b Kwi Avwg| †gv¯‭dv †nv‡mBb
AvcvZZ wK‡kvimvwn‡Z¨ wbgM′|
me wgwj‡q Avwki †PnvivwU Avm‡j Kx iKg? †h wbix¶v wb‡q ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb Zi Y
†jLKiv; e`‡j w`‡Z PvBwQ‡jb M‡íi †Lvjbj‡P; fvlvq, Aw½‡K, eY©bvfw½‡Z Avb‡Z
PvBwQ‡jb `„wóMÖvn¨ cwieZ©b; KZUzKz Kx nj Zvi? m‡Zï LvwZ‡i ej‡Z nqÑ huviv Gme
wbix¶v-cix¶vq AwaK g‡bv‡hvMx wQ‡jb Zuv‡ì AwaKvskB GLb wb¯ú„n I wbw®…q| Aek¨
Gme wbix¶vi cÖfve Kg‡ewk c‡owQj Ab¨vb¨ †jLK‡ì Ic‡iI| huviv †gvUvgywU Uª¨vwWkbvj
avivq Mí iPbvi g‡bv‡hvMx wQ‡jb, Zuv‡ì Mí¸‡jv‡K GLb Avi Uª¨vwWkbvj ejv hv‡‪Q bv,
99
c~e©eZ©x AMÖR‡ì Mí †_‡K G¸‡jv bvbv w`K †_‡KBÑ fvlvq, wel‡q, cÖKi‡Y,
wbg©vY‣kjx‡ZÑ Avjv`v I e¨wZµgx •ewkó¨c~Y©| g~jZ IB wØZxq `jBÑ wbix¶v †_‡K GKUz
`~‡i †_‡K huviv MíPP©vq g‡bv‡hvMx wQ‡jbÑ GLb Avwki cÖavb MíKvi‡ì ZvwjKvq ¯ vb K‡i
wb‡q‡Qb| wbix¶vev`x‡ì cwiYwZ wK †kl ch©‰‭ wbw®…qZv? GiKg K‡i fve‡Z fv‡jv jv‡M
bv| GKwU fv‡jv Mí †jLvi Rb¨ GKRb †jL‡Ki †fZ‡i KZUv-†h i³¶iY N‡U hvq,
†jLKgvÎB Zv †ev‡Sb| wZwb hw` nb Zi Y †jLK, Avi Zuvi hw` _v‡K bZzb wKQy m„wói
†bkvÑ Avwg Avgvi K_vwU ej‡Z PvB wK‰‧ mevi g‡Zv K‡i bq, GKUz Ab¨fv‡eÑ Zvn‡j Zuvi
i³¶iYUv nq m¤¢eZ A‡bK †ewk| Gme wbix¶vi †fZ‡i Av‡Q GKRb Zi ‡Yi i³¶iY,
GUv‡K e¨_© e‡j fve‡Z Lvivc jv‡M|
GKwU wel‡q `y-GKwU K_v e‡j AvR‡Ki cÖm½ †kl Kiv hvK| Avwki †jLKiv
mË‡ii RbwcÖqZvi wei ‡× ùvwo‡qwQ‡jb †`ªvn I cÖwZev` wb‡q| Zuv‡ì GB cÖwZev‡ì GKwU
`xN©‡gqvw` cÖfve c‡o‡Q Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨RM‡Z| wK‰‧ Zuviv †h ïay †`ªvnx Ges m„Rbkxj
wQ‡jb ZvB bqÑ GKBm‡½ wQ‡jb wb‡R‡ì mgq I KvR wb‡q AnsKvix; AmwnòzÑ
mgv‡jvPbv mB‡Z cvi‡Zb bv Zuviv; Db′vwmKÑ eûw`b ch©‰‭ Zuviv cieZ©x †jLK‡ì w`‡K
wd‡iI ZvKvbwb, Zv‡ì Mí-KweZv-cÖeÜ-Dcb¨vm cov †Zv `~‡ii K_v, †LuvRLei ivLvi ev
GgbwK †`Lv n‡j K_v ejviI cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe K‡ibwb| e¨¯‭ †_‡K‡Qb wb‡R‡ì wb‡q,
lv‡Ui g‡Zv ZuvivI wb‡R‡ì K_v wb‡RivB e‡j †M‡Qb Aweivg, Pvicv‡k wd‡i †`‡Lbwb †h,
†Kv_vq Kx n‡‪Q! wK‰‧ AÜ n‡j wK cÖjq eÜ _v‡K? _v‡K bv| Zuv‡ì cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i
†jLKivÑ be″B‡qi †jLKivÑ Zuv‡ì D‡c¶v, Zvw‪Qj¨‡K †_vovB‡Kqvi K‡i †mB cÖjqKvÊ
NwU‡q w`‡q‡Qb| Gici Zuv‡ì K_v|
wecyj R½gZv
be″B-Gi †jLKiv hLb wjL‡Z ïi  Ki‡jb ZLb Avwki †jLK‡ì Zzgyj mwµqZvi Kvj
Pj‡Q, ïay AvwkiB ewj †Kb, c~e©eZ©x me `k‡Ki †jLKivB Kg‡ewk mwµq| wK‰‧ Avwki
DËvc †Ui cvIqv hvw‪Qj cÖejfv‡eB, Avi GB DËvc bZzb wjL‡Z Avmv Zi Y‡ì Rb¨ wQj
GKBm‡½ ¯^w¯‭ I A¯^w¯‭Ki| A¯^w¯‭i KviYwU Av‡M ejv hvK| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ `kK wefvRb
wb‡q weZK©Uv cyi‡bv n‡jI GL‡bv Gi †Kv‡bv myivnv nqwb, GUv fv‡jv wK g‱` †m wel‡q
†Kv‡bv gxgvsmvqI †c․uQy‡bv hvqwb| G K_v meviB Rvbv †h, †jLK‡ì D‡b¥lKvj ev †e‡o-
IVvi mgqwU‡K wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨B GB `kK-wefvRb Kiv nq| Gic‡iI †jLKiv mwµq
_v‡Kb †m †Zv ejvB evûj¨, Ges GKRb †jL‡Ki mvwnZ¨Kg© wb‡q K_v ej‡Z †M‡j Avgiv
Avm‡j Zvi mgMÖ Rxe‡bi KvR wb‡qB K_v ewj| wK‰‧ welqwU cwi®‥vi nIqvi ciI cÖvq
mevB-B Gi m¤^‡Ü weiƒc g‰‭e¨ K‡ib| Zv m‡Ë¡I `kK-wefvRb Pj‡Q Ges AvMvgx‡ZI
Pj‡e e‡j aviYv Kwi| GB wefvRb GKBm‡½ myweav I msKU •Zwi K‡i‡Q, Avi G `y‡UvB
†fvM K‡i cÖavbZ Zi Y †jLKiv| GLb Ggb GKUv Ae¯ v ùvwo‡q‡Q †h, Zi Y‡ì‡K wPwýZ
Kivi Rb¨ Gi †Kv‡bv weKí cvIqv hv‡‪Q bv| ïay wPwýZ KivB bq, Zv‡ì cwiwPwZ cvIqv
mnR nq Ges Av‡jvPbvq Zv‡ì bvg D‡V Av‡m GB wefvR‡bi Rb¨B| GUzKz Zv‡ì Rb¨
myweavRbK| Avevi AmyweavwU njÑ †Kv‡bv-GKwU `kK hw` Lye kw³kvjx, m„Rbkxj I
djevb nq, ev cÖejfv‡e ùvwo‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j cieZ©x `k‡Ki †jLK‡ì Rb¨ wb‡R‡ì
GKwU RvqMv •Zwi K‡i †bqv KwVb n‡q c‡o| Av‡MB e‡jwQÑ Avwki DËvc be″B‡qi
100
Zi Y‡ì Rb¨ wQj A¯^w¯‭KiÑ KviY, ZLbI Zviv Ggb wKQy eywo‡q hvbwb, eis AwfÁZv I
Zvi ‡Yï mg‰^‡q ZLb Zviv bevMZ Zi Y‡ì Kv‡Q Cl©Yxq PwiÎ, ùvwo‡qI Av‡Qb
cÖejfv‡e| Zuv‡ì G‡KKwU bvg †hb G‡KKwU cÖZxKÑ †`ªv‡ni I m„RbkxjZvi| GB cÖej
†jLK‡ì cv‡k m`¨-Zi Yiv ùvov‡e Kxfv‡e? A¯^w¯‭i KviYwU wQj G-B| KviY Av‡iv wQj,
GKUz Av‡MB †mUv e‡jwQÑ Avwki †jLKiv wb‡R‡ì KvR wb‡q wQ‡jb AnsKvix; AmwnòzÑ;
Ges Db′vwmKÑ eûw`b ch©‰‭ Zuviv cieZ©x †jLK‡ì w`‡K wd‡iI ZvKvbwb| my‡Li K_vÑ
Zuv‡ì GB Zvw‪Qj¨c~Y© AvPiY Zi Y‡ì g‡a¨ nxbgb¨Zvi Rb¥ bv w`‡q Rb¥ w`‡qwQj †R‡ì,
Zuviv Zuv‡ì g‡Zv K‡i wj‡L †M‡Qb Ges †KejgvÎ †jLvi gva¨‡gÑ †Kv‡bviKg †Mvôxe×Zv
ev †Kv‡bviKg Av‡‱`vjb QvovB GB `kKwU dz‡j-d‡j weKwkZ n‡q D‡V‡Q|
GUv †gvUvgywU GKUv wbq‡g ùvwo‡q †M‡Q †h, †h-†Kv‡bv cÖR‡b¥i †jLKiv wjL‡Z
G‡mB Zv‡ì wbKUeZ©x AMÖR‡ì A¯^xKvi K‡i| wZwi‡ki `k‡KB GUv ïi  n‡qwQj| mevB
Rv‡bbÑ wZwi‡ki Kweiv iex‱`ª-we‡ivwaZvi bv‡g g~jZ AMÖR‡ì‡KB A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| Zuv‡ì mvg‡b †h‡nZz iex‱`ªbv_ Qvov Avi †Zgb †Kv‡bv k³ cÖwZc¶ wQj bv,
ZvB iex‱`ªbv_B Uv‡M©‡U cwiYZ n‡qwQ‡jb| G-iKg NUbv cÂv‡ki `k‡K cwðge‡½, Ges
lv‡Ui `k‡K `yB evsjvqB N‡UwQj| Av‡iKwU wbq‡gi K_v Av‡MB e‡jwQÑ †Kv‡bv-GKwU
`kK cÖej n‡j c‡ii `kKwU wgªqgvY nq| Avwki †jLKivI Zv‡ì c~e©eZ©x cÖRb¥‡K
A¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GB A¯^xKv‡ii g‡a¨ w`‡qB wb‡R‡ì cÖej B‡gR ùvo
Kwi‡qwQ‡jb| ixwZ-Abyhvqx be″B‡qi †jLKiv Avwk‡K A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb, wK‰‧
GLvbUvq G‡m Zviv cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv wbqg fv‡Ob| Zviv Avwki †jLK‡ì A¯^xKvi †Zv
K‡ibB wb, eis eivei Zuv‡ì cÖwZ AvMÖn †`wL‡q G‡m‡Qb| Avwki †jLKiv Aek¨ welqwU
eyS‡Z A‡bK †`wi K‡i †d‡j‡Qb, e¨¯‭ †_‡K‡Qb wb‡R‡ì wb‡q, lv‡Ui g‡Zv ZuvivI
wb‡R‡ì K_v wb‡RivB e‡j †M‡Qb Aweivg, Pvicv‡k wd‡i †`‡Lbwb †h †Kv_vq Kx n‡‪Q,
d‡j Zi Y‡ì AvMÖn _vKv m‡Ë¡I Kvw‫¶‫‬Z m¤úK©wU M‡o DV‡Z cv‡iwb| wØZxq wbqgwUI
be″B‡qi †jLKivB †f‡O‡Qb| cÖZvckvjx Avwki c‡i be″B wgªqgvY n‡q IVvi m¤¢vebv
wQj| †mUv nqwb, eis GLb, GB GZw`b ci, G‡m g‡b n‡‪QÑ be″B Avwki †P‡qI
cÖfvekvjx n‡q D‡V‡Q| Gi A‡bK¸‡jv Kvi‡Yi g‡a¨ cÖ_gwU njÑ be″B‡qi †jLKiv K_vi
†P‡q KvR †ewk K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr †ek K‡qKRb K_vwkíx I Kwe †Kv‡bvw`‡K bv-ZvwK‡q,
†Kv‡bvwKQyi †Zvqv°v bv-K‡i wbqwgZ wj‡L †M‡Qb, AvMv‡Mvov mwµq †_‡K‡Qb, Ges
GKBmg‡q †Kv‡bv GK AÁvZ Ges Awb‡Y©q Kvi‡Y Avwki AwaKvsk †jLKB wbw®…q wQ‡jb|
nv‡Z-†Mvbv K‡qKRb Qvov Avwki A‡bK †jLKB †Kb Zuv‡ì †jLv‡jwL‡Z `xN© †Q` Uvb‡jb
†mUv †evSv gykwKj| Zv‡ì GB wbw®…qZv Ges Ab¨w`‡K be″B‡qi cÖej mwµqZv GB
mgqwU‡K AviI D¾¡j K‡i Zz‡j‡Q| be″B‡qi †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ KL‡bv †Zgb †Kv‡bv
†Mvôxe×Zv •Zwi nqwb| GKm‡½ wg‡jwg‡k †Kv‡bv-GKUv wKQy K‡i IVv Zv‡ì c‡¶ m¤¢e
nqwb| GgbwK cvi¯úwiK cwiPqwUI n‡q‡Q A‡bK †`wi‡Z, eÜzZ¡ †Zv Av‡iv c‡ii NUbv|
wK‰‧ GKevi †mUv M‡o-IVvi ci mnmv †mUv †f‡OI hvqwb, GLb ch©‰‭ be″B‡qi †jLK‡ì
g‡a¨ cv¯úwiK eÜzZ¡ I †evSvcov Ab¨‡ì Kv‡Q Cl©Yxq welq|
c~e©m~wi‡ì mKj AR©b ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡qB 90-Gi MíKvi wn‡m‡e G‡jb GK`j
Zi YÑ Aw`wZ dvêybx, Awb‱`¨ Rmxg, AvKgj †nv‡mb wbcy, AvwKgyb ingvb, Avw`Z¨ Kwei,
Av‡bvqvi kvnv`vZ, Avey Rvdi ivRxe, Avngv` †gv¯‭dv Kvgvj, Avnmvb BKevj, Kvgvj
101
ingvb, Kvgi j û`v cw_K, Kvgi ¾vgvb Rvnvw½i, †LvKb Kvqmvi, PÂj Avkivd, Rwni
nvmvb, RvwKi ZvjyK`vi, Rvg‡k` evey‱Uy, wRqv nvkvb, wRqvDwÏb wknve, †Rmwgb gyb′x, Zzwnb
mgÏvi, bRi j Kexi, bvwmgv †mwjg, bvwdR Avkivd, cvcwo ingvb, cvifxb myjZvbv,
cÖkv‰‭ g„av, dqRyj Bmjvg, dvnwg`yj nK, eªvZ¨ ivBmy, gwkDj Avjg, gvgyb wmwÏwK, gvmy`yj
nK, gvmygj y Avjg, gvneye †gv‡k©`, gvneye jx‡jb, †gv¯‭dv ZwiKzj Avnmvb, †gvnv¤§`
†nv‡mb, wgR©v Zv‡ni Rvwgj, g„Mv¼ wmsn, †gvnv¤§` Bgivb, gvmygj y Avjg, kvgxg Kexi,
kvnv`y¾vgvb, kvn †gvnv¤§` Avjg, kvnxb AvLZvi, kvnbvR gyb′x, kwn`yj Bmjvg, wkeeªZ
eg©Y, wkgyj gvngy`, •kjRvb‱` ivq, miKvi Avkivd, miKvi gvmy`, mvC` nvmvb `viv, mv`
Kvgvjx, mvjvg mv‡jnDwÏb, mygb jvwnox, †mwjg †gvRvnvi, l‣ok¦h© gyn¤§`, iwb Avn‡¤§`,
iweDj Kwig, ivRv mwn`yj Avmjvg, †ivKb ingvb, ivRxe b~i, ivLvj ivnv, ivqnvb ivBb
cÖgLy | GB mg‡qi K‡qKRb KweI AwbqwgZfv‡e MíPP©v K‡i‡QbÑ Avj‡d«W †LvKb, Kwei
ûgvqyb, gywRe †gn`x, kvgxg †iRv, mvBg ivbv, mvLvIqvZ wUcy cÖgLy | (GB ZvwjKv Av‡iv
A‡bK `xN© n‡Z cv‡i, wVK KZRb †jLK GB mg‡q wjL‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb Zvi ZvwjKv Kiv
KwVb KvR, Z‡e msL¨vwU 70/75 Qvwo‡q hvIqvUv Am¤¢e bq| GB msL¨vi GKwU ¸i Z¡I
Av‡Q| eûmsL¨K Zi Y †h GB mg‡q MíPP©vq AvMÖnx n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb GB msL¨vwU Zvi cÖgvY
†`q)|
GZ¸‡jv bvg †`‡L cvVK fo‡K †h‡Z cv‡ib, wKsev Mí wb‡q Lye Avkvw‰^Z n‡Z
cv‡ib, †h, GZRb Zi Y hLb G‡m‡Qb MíPP©vqÑ M‡íi `y`©kv wbðqB †K‡U hv‡e| cÖK…Z
wPÎwU GZ my‱ì bq| mZZvi LvwZ‡i bvg¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q, GB mg‡q G‡ì MíPP©vÑ
Aí †nvK, †ewk †nvKÑ †Pv‡L c‡o‡Q, wK‰‧ G-I wVK 15/16 Rb Qvov Gu‡ì cÖvq mevB
BwZg‡a¨B †jLv _vwg‡q w`‡q‡Qb| nq‡Zv GKwU-`ywU Mí wj‡L Lye cÖZ¨vkvi Rb¥ w`‡qwQ‡jb
†KD †KD, wK‰‧ ZuvivB MZ `k eQ‡i GKwU MíI †j‡Lbwb| Gu‡ì m¤^‡Ü Avi Kx ejv hvq?
GB cÖe‡Üi iPwqZv wb‡RI GB mg‡qi GKRb †jLK, wb‡Ri mgqwU‡K we‡kølY Kiv Lye
KwVb KvRÑ G K_v wbðqB mevB Rv‡bb!
be″B‡Z †h †Kv‡bv Kvi‡YB †nvK bv †Kb, MíKviiv ci¯úi †_‡K †gvUvgywU wew‪Qb′|
wg‡jwg‡k wKQy GKUv Kiv †Zv `~‡ii K_v, cvi¯úwiK †hvMv‡hvMUvI A‡bK †¶‡Î †bB|
¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Zv‡ì g‡a¨ wewbgqUv n‡q‡Q Kg| GB mg‡q wewfb′ avivi Mí †jLv n‡q‡Q,
wK‰‧ GKB avivi `yRb MíKv‡ii g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvMUv cÖvq wQjB bv| A_©vr Zv‡ì mv`„kÜv
wbQK KvKZvjxq| myZivs ejv hvq, GB mg‡q hw` wKQy AR©b N‡U _v‡K Zvn‡j †mwU
e¨w³MZ I wew‪Qb′ AR©b, mw¤§wjZ bq|
G K_v ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h, Ab¨vb¨ `k‡Ki Zzjbvq GB mg‡qi †jLKiv wKQyUv
µvw‰‭Kvj AwZµg K‡i‡Qb| mvwnZ¨PP©v n‡q c‡o‡Q cy‡ivcywi •`wbK cwÎKv-wbf©i| mvwnZ¨
m¤úv`K‡ì †eu‡a †`qv Q‡K I gv‡c wK Avi Mí nq! ZviciI Av‡Q wgwWqvi DrcvZ, †QvU
†jLK‡K eo K‡i †`Lv‡bvi cÖeYZv, MíMÖ‰  cÖKv‡k cÖKvkK‡ì mxgvnxb Abxnv; cÖwZôvb-
we‡ivwaZvi fyj m~Î (d‡j †`Lv hvq ÔcÖwZôvb-we‡ivaxÕ D‪PKÉ Zi YwU evOjv GKv‡Wwg
ÔZi Y †jLK cÖK‡íÕ AskMÖnY Ki‡Q mvb‡‱`, eB cÖKvk Ki‡Q, wewjI Ki‡Q wbR `vwq‡Z¡Ñ
†hb IUv †Kv‡bv cÖwZôvb bq! Kx A ¢yZ •ecixZ¨!) Av‡MB e‡jwQ, be″B‡qi †Kv‡bv mw¤§wjZ
KÉ¯î GL‡bv •Zwi nqwb| Av‡Mi cÖR‡b¥i g‡ZvB G mg‡qi MíKviiv wewfb′ avivi Mí
102
†jLvi †Póv K‡i‡QbÑ †KD A¨ve÷ªv± d‡g©, †KD wiq¨vwjw÷K avivq, †KD-ev Avevi G `y‡qi
mw¤§jb NUv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
GB mg‡qi Mí wb‡q K_v ejvi Av‡M Avwg cvV‡Ki cÖMwZkxjZv wb‡q wKQy K_v
ej‡Z PvB| †mwU Avevi Kx wRwbm? †Kvb †jLK cÖMwZkxj Avi †K cÖwZwµqvkxj G wb‡q
cÖPzi K_v nq, wK‰‧ cvV‡Ki cÖMwZkxjZv wb‡q †Zv cÖk′ †Zv‡jwb †KD †Kv‡bvw`b! Avwg †Kb
†mUv ZzjwQ? Avi IB kã¸‪Q w`‡q Avwg Kx-B-ev †evSv‡Z PvB? me cvV‡KiB wbR¯^ GKwU
cvVi wP Av‡QÑ †m †Zv ejvB evûj¨, †mUv wb‡q Avgvi †Kv‡bv cÖk′ †bB| wK‰‧ †mB i wP
KL‡bv-KL‡bv wewae× aviYvq wek¦vmx n‡q c‡oÑ KweZv ev Mí ev Dcb¨vm ej‡Z Zviv ïay
†m¸‡jv‡KB ey‡S I eywS‡q _v‡Kb hv Zv‡ì i wPi m‡½ hvqÑ Ab¨ †Kv‡bv ai‡bi †jLv
Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †jLvB bq| GB ai‡bi cvVK‡ì gy‡L Avcwb cÖvqB ïb‡Z cv‡ebÑ IUv wK
†Kv‡bv KweZv nj, GUv †Kv‡bv MíB bq BZ¨vw`| wKsev AgyK Avevi †jLK bvwK, Ii †jLv
†Zv wKQy nq bv BZ¨vw`| wb‡R‡ì i wPi m‡½ hvq bv Ggb mewKQy‡K hviv GKev‡K¨ LvwiR
K‡i †`b, Zviv, Avi hvB †nvK, cÖMwZkxj bb| cÖMwZkxj‡ì Aek¨B GKwU wek¦vm _v‡K,
`k©b _v‡KÑ Ges Zviv †h-†Kv‡bv bZzb wKQy‡K eiY ev evwZj Kivi Av‡M †mUv‡K we‡ePbvq
Av‡bb, Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡ib, eR©bxq g‡b n‡j hyw³m½ Dcv‡q eR©b K‡ib, MÖnYI K‡ib
hyw³ †g‡bB| wK‰‧ whwb wePvi-we‡ePbv QvovB †Kv‡bvwKQy‡K evwZj K‡i †`b, Zv‡K cÖMwZkxj
eje wKfv‡e? GB evsjv‡`‡k MZ 60/65 eQ‡i KZ ai‡bi Mí †h †jLv n‡q‡Q, KZ w`K
†_‡K †h †jLKiv RMr I Rxe‡bi Ici Av‡jv †d‡j‡Qb †mUv Avgv‡ì cÖavb K‡qKRb
†jL‡Ki Mí co‡jB †Ui cvIqv hvqÑ `ytLRbK welq nj, GB ai‡bi cvVKiv GB KóUzKzI
¯^xKvi Ki‡Z Pvb bv| d‡j †KvbwU Mí †KvbwU Mí bq, †KvbwU KweZv †KvbwU KweZv bqÑ G
wb‡q Zv‡ì weÁR‡bvwPZ gZvgZ wbZv‰‭B nvm¨Ki †K․Zz‡K cwiYZ nq| GB mg‡qi Mí
wb‡q K_v ejvi Av‡M K_v¸‡jv ej‡Z nj, KviY, G mg‡qi A‡bK Mí bvbvw`K †_‡KB
cÖPwjZ M‡íi mxgvbv Ggbfv‡e †cwi‡q †M‡Q †h, cvVK hw` cÖMwZkxj bv-nb, Zvn‡j Gi
imv¯^v`‡b wbwðZfv‡eB e¨_© n‡eb wZwb| hv‡nvK, G cÖm½ †i‡L eis g~j Av‡jvPbvq hvIqv
hvK|
eªvZ¨ ivBmy, iwb Avn‡¤§`, Rvg‡k` evey‱Uz, wkeeªZ eg©Y, mygb jvwnwo cÖgLy A¨ve÷ªv±
d‡g©i MíKvi| G‡ì Kv‡Q Mí †hb n‡q D‡V‡Q †NviMÖ¯‭ †nuqvwj‡Z c~Y© inm¨gq K_vgvjv|
Gu‡ì M‡íi welq, fvlv, cÖKiY I wbg©vY-†K․kj LvwbKUv å  KuyP‡K †`q| cvVK‡ì K_v
gv_vq †i‡L †j‡Lb bv Zviv, †evSvB hvq, d‡j KwgDwb‡KwUf eY©bv‡K․k‡ji K_v fve‡Z nq
bv Zv‡ì| GB bb-KwgDwb‡KwUf dg© m¤^‡Ü Rvb‡Z ivBmy‡K Avwg GKevi wR‡Ám
K‡iwQjvg †h, Zuvi Mí †evSv hvq bv †Kb? DË‡i wZwb e‡jwQ‡jbÑ ÔMí n‡‪Q a‡g©i g‡Zv|
Bûwì ag© †hgb gymjgvbiv †ev‡S bv, †Zgwb GKR‡bi Mí Av‡iKRb †ev‡S bv!Õ AZGe
wZwb bv-†evSvi Rb¨B Mí †j‡Lb! ivBmyi Mí-welqK Av‡iKwU ZË¡Ñ Ôg„Zz¨ w`‡q †kl nIqv
Mí¸‡jv memgqB `ye©j Mí!Õ AZGe g„Zz¨ w`‡q Mí †kl Kiv hv‡e bv! ejvevûj¨, G¸‡jv
ivBmy PgK †`qvi Rb¨B ej‡Zb, G wQj Zuvi mnRvZ cÖeYZv| Mí wb‡q GZme †g․wjK
fvebv _vK‡j wZwb GZ ZvovZvwo Mí †jLv †Q‡o w`‡Zb bv| ivBmyi welq, fvlv, Mí-wbg©vY,
Avw½K cvVK‡K cÖvq Pg‡K w`‡q hvq| iwb Ges Rvg‡k‡ì fvlvI å  KzuP‡K †`q cvV‡KiÑ
G wK †Kv‡bv M‡íi fvlv? wKsev Gme welq wK †Kv‡bv M‡íi welq n‡Z cv‡i? iwbi
mv¤cÖwZK eB Ô†mwj‡gi `yt‡Li KvwnbxÕ co‡j †h †KD Avwe®‥vi Ki‡eb Zuvi fvlvi A ¢yZ
103
mvij¨, gv_vgyÊynxb welq, GgbwK †Kv‡bv-†Kv‡bv M‡íi †Kv‡bv welqI †bB| g‡b coj,
A‡bKw`b Av‡M Zuv‡KI G wb‡q cÖk′ K‡iwQjvg| Zuvi DËi wQjÑ ÔG¸‡jv wVK Mí bq, Mí
GiKg n‡Z cv‡i bv, G¸‡jv n‡‪Q cÖPwjZ M‡íi mgv‡jvPbv|Õ K_vwUi g‡a¨ mZ¨Zv Av‡Q|
Zuv‡ì M‡í cÖPwjZ MíKvVv‡gvi cÖwZ we`ªƒc Av‡Q, A¯^xKvi Kiv hv‡e bv| G avivi mevB
weijcÖR, LyeB Kg wj‡L‡Qb, wK‰‧ A‡íB Pg‡K †`qvi g‡Zv wKsev `„wó AvKl©Y Kivi g‡Zv
¶gZv Zuv‡ì wQj| Gu‡ì wbw®…qZv GB avivwU‡K cÖej n‡Z †`qwb|
GB mg‡qi Ab¨Zg kw³gvb MíKvi kvnv`y¾vgvb| Av‡MI e‡jwQ, evsjv Mí Zvi
R‡b¥i ci †_‡KB cÖavbZ AvL¨vbcÖavb| MíKviiv Zuv‡ì M‡í hv wKQz ej‡Z Pvb Zv e‡jb
GKwU ÔMíÕ‡K †K‱`ª K‡i| A_©vr M‡í GKwU ÔMíÕ ev AvL¨vb _vK‡e GUvB evsjv M‡íi
RbwcÖq Ges me©vwaK cÖPwjZ ixwZ| wK‰‧ GB ixwZi evB‡iI wKQz Mí †jLv n‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv‡Z
AvL¨vb‡K cÖavb K‡i †Zvjv nqwb, eis cÖvavb¨ †`qv n‡q‡Q Abyf~wZ‡K| GB Mí¸‡jv‡K Avwg
Abyf‚wZ-cÖavb Mí wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡iwQ| kvnv`y¾vgv‡bi Mí Abyf~wZcÖavb| wK‰‧
AvL¨v‡bi w`‡K Zuvi Lye GKUv g‡bv‡hvM ev AvMÖn bv _vK‡jI Zuvi M‡í †h ÔMíÕI _v‡K †mwU
A¯^xKvi Kiv hv‡e bv, Avi _v‡K GK A ¢yZ D`vmxbZv| Zuvi Mí ejvi fw½ Ab¨ mevi †_‡K
†ek Avjv`v Ges M‡íi g‡a¨ GKwU ÔMíÕ ejvi †P‡q cvVK-ü`‡q †Kv‡bv GKwU Abyf~wZ
Qwo‡q w`‡Z fv‡jvev‡mb wZwb| ÔKvM‡Ri G‡iv‡cøbÕ GB avivq GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ms‡hvRb
wn‡m‡e M„nxZ n‡e e‡j aviYv Kwi| Zuvi Ô1899Õ ÔLye w¯ i GKwU w¯ i wPÎÕ ev ÔGK KuvVvj
cvZv Avi gvwUi †Xjv MíÕi g‡Zv Awfbe M‡íi D`vniYI Lye myjf bq| Zuvi A‡bK¸‡jv
M‡íi g~j w_g n‡‪Q wbivj¤^ gvbyl| Z_vKw_Z wkw¶Z bvMwiK gvbyl †h KZUv wbivj¤^ Ges
Kxfv‡e Zviv †kKoPz¨Z n‡Z cv‡i wZwb Zvi †ek K‡qKwU M‡í AwZ PgrKvi KzkjZvq †mUv
†`wL‡q‡Qb| ÔBeªvwng e‡·i mvK©vmÕGes Ôwg_¨v Zzwg `k wcucovÕ GB ai‡bi Mí|
ÔK¨vjvB‡Wv‡¯‥vcÕ Ônvi ‡bi g½j †nvKÕ ÔmyÜ UvB A_ev b¶‡Îi †`vlÕ ÔcwÊZÕ ÔDÇxbÕ cÖf„wZ
MíI D‡jøL‡hvM¨Zvi `vwe iv‡L|
†LvKb Kvqmvi G mg‡qi GK we¯§qKi MíKvi| wZwb Zuvi M‡í NwU‡q‡Qb
†jvKevK¨, †jvKvPvi, †jvKwek¦vm I ms¯‥v‡ii wecyj mgvnvi, hv Zuv‡K e¨wZµgx K‡i
Zz‡j‡Q| wK‰‧ ïay GB Kvi‡YB bq, Ab¨ Av‡iv wKQy Kvi‡Y wZwb ¸i Z¡c~Y©| Zuvi Mí co‡Z
n‡j cvVK‡K cÖMwZkxj n‡Z n‡e, bB‡j Zv‡ì wkw¶Z-ga¨weË-bvMwiK-gvwR©Z i wP I
g~j¨‡eva (†h‡nZz Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Zï cvVKiv cÖavbZ Ôwkw¶ZÕ Ôga¨weËÕ ÔbvMwiKÕ I
ÔgvwR©ZÕ) AvnZ n‡Z cv‡i, d‡j w¶ß n‡q †jLK‡K AK_¨ MvwjMvjvR K‡i em‡Z cv‡ib
Ges G‡Z K‡i GZw`b ch©‰‭ mh‡Z′ iw¶Z f`ªZvi gy‡LvkwU Ly‡j wM‡q cÖK…Z MÖvg¨ iƒcwU
†ewi‡q co‡Z cv‡i| †Kb ejwQ G K_v? wK _v‡K Zuvi M‡í? _v‡K we¯‭i VvÆv-gkKiv,
BqvwK©-dvRjvwg, MvjvMvwj, †LuvPv-we`ªƒc Ges ÔAwfRvZÕ I ÔgvwR©ZÕ mvwn‡Z¨ cÖPwjZ bq
Ggb me k‡ãi Aeva eënvi hv Ôf`ª‡jvKÕ‡ì m~² Ges gvwR©Z i wP‡K AvNvZ I AvnZ
Ki‡Z eva¨| i‡q‡Q Zxeª †køl Avi we`ªƒc, Ges †K․ZzKKi, g‡bvMÖvnx I we`ªƒcwgwkªZ VvÆv-
gkKiv| wK‰‧ ïay wK G¸‡jvB Av‡Q, Avi wKQy †bB! Av‡Q, A‡bKwKQyB Av‡Q| †LvKb
Kvqmv‡ii M‡íi welq eY©bv Kiv Aek¨ KwVbÑ KviY AwaKvsk M‡íi welq Ggb †h, †mwU
wb‡q K_v ej‡Z †M‡j cy‡iv MíwUB Zz‡j w`‡Z B‡‪Q K‡i| mgv‡Ri bvbviKg Am½wZ, cZb,
cvc, AÜZ¡ wZwb GZ Aí K_vq, GZ m~²fv‡e, Ggb Ac~e© Bw½ZgqZvq Zz‡j G‡b‡Qb †h
GKgvÎ Mí¸‡jv cvV Kiv Qvov Gi gg© †evSvB KwVb| †LvKb Kvqmv‡ii Av‡Q Af~Zc~e© I
104
e¨wZµgx GK M`¨fvlv| GiKg M`¨fvlvq `y-evsjvi Avi †Kv‡bv †jLK †j‡Lb wK bv Avgvi
Rvbv †bB| D`vniY w`‡q Gi cwiPq †`qv hv‡e bvÑ Gi ¯^v` †c‡Z PvB‡j Avcbv‡K c‡o
†`L‡Z n‡e, wcÖq cvVK| †LvK‡bi Mí¸‡jv Av‡iKwU we‡kl Kvi‡Y wewkó n‡q I‡VÑ
RbRxe‡b cÖPwjZ A_P mvwn‡Z¨ AcÖPwjZ kãmg~n †Kv‡bviKg cwigvR©bv QvovB
Aejxjvµ‡g Anin eënvi K‡ib wZwb| Ges GB eënvi ¯^Ztù~Z©, †Rvi K‡i ewm‡q †`b
bv G¸‡jv, d‡j g‡b nqÑ GB kã¸‡jv Qvov evK¨wU ev evK¨¸‡jv h_v_© nZ bv| ïay A‰‭R
†kªwYi gvbyl wb‡q †jLv Mí¸‡jv‡Z wZwb Ab¨ mevi †P‡q e¨wZµg n‡q I‡Vb GKwU we‡kl
Kvi‡Y| H †kªwYi gvby‡li msKU †h ïay ¶zav ev `vwi`ª¨ bq, Zv‡ìI †h i‡q‡Q Ôwkw¶ZÕ
gvby‡li g‡Zv wKsev Zv‡ì †P‡q †ewk `vk©wbK msKU I cÖk′ Av‡Q, wZwb Zv †`L‡Z I
†`Lv‡Z Rv‡bb| ÔI¯‭v`Õ ÔivRvi KwejvÕ Ô†LvRvMYÕ Ônviv‡bv weÁwßÕ ÔmvDÛB‡d±Õ ÔRevbwciÕ
Ô†UUvkÕ Ôißvwb evwYR¨Õ ÔgvbeZv wi‡jv‡WWÕ ÔZzjvivwki RvZKÕ Ô†d‡ieevRÕ cÖf„wZ Zuvi
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí|
RvwKi ZvjyK`vi Zuvi M‡í BmjvwgK wg‡_i cÖej-cÖPzi eënvi K‡i †`wL‡q
w`‡q‡QbÑ Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡kB AeëüZ A_P eënvi‡hvM¨ KZ AmsL¨ Dcv`vb Qwo‡q
Av‡Q| Zuvi Ôwek¦v‡mi Av¸bÕ LyeB D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí| Avgv‡ì e`‡j †h‡Z _vKv MÖvg, Avav-
kni, kni Avi Gi g‡a¨ Rxeb-hvcb Kiv gvbyl¸‡jvi bvbvwea msKU I m¤¢vebv, †cÖg I
nZvkv wZwb PgrKvi KzkjZvq Zz‡j Avb‡Z cv‡ib| GQvovI mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZvi
duv‡` cov gvbylI Zuvi M‡í GK ü`qMÖvnx, cÖvÄj, KwgDwb‡KwUf M‡`¨ Dc¯ vwcZ nq| ÔKb¨v
I RjKb¨vÕ ÔcivYMwà I nvZNwo e„Ëv‰‭Õ ÔUvbvevevÕ cÖf„wZ M‡í wZwb BwZg‡a¨B Zuvi cÖwZfvi
cwiPq †i‡L‡Qb|
kvnbvR gyb′xI Zuvi cÖ_g MíMÖ‰  ÔwR¡‡bi Kb¨vÕq RbRxe‡b cÖengvb bvbviKg wg_
eënvi K‡iwQ‡jb| c‡ii MíMÖ‰ ¸‡jv‡Z †mwU K‡g G‡jI GKev‡i nvwi‡q †M‡Q Zv ejv
hv‡e bv| Z‡e Zuvi cieZ©x MíMÖ‰ ¸‡jv Zuvi `„wóMÖvn¨ cwieZ©b‡K g~Z© K‡i †Zv‡j| wZwb
cÖavbZ Abyf~wZcÖavb Mí †j‡Lb, hwÌ M‡íi kixiwU wZwb eR©b K‡ibwb| ¯^í cwim‡i,
AZ¨‰‭ AvKl©Yxq GKwU fvlvfw½‡Z wZwb †hme Mí iPbv K‡ib, †m¸‡jv‡Z ÔMíÕ _vK‡jI
†kl ch©‰‭ cvV‡Ki Abyf~wZ‡K Mfxifv‡e ¯úk© K‡i hvq| Zvi eY©bvq Av‡Q Ggb GK
Rv`ygqZv †h cvV‡Ki g‡b GK ai‡bi Bjy¨kb •Zwi nq| ÔAvgvi Ry‡Zv RxebÕ ÔZzjvivwkÕ
Ôbvbvi KvwnbxÕ Ômy‱ì mv‡n‡ei mvevbÕ ÔcvÕ ÔgvwUi UªvbwR÷viÕ cÖf„wZ Mí Zuvi eûwewPÎ
MíiPbvi cÖgvY †`q|
gwkDj Avjg GB mg‡qi Av‡iKRb ¸i Z¡c~Y© MíKvi| wZwb Mí †j‡Lb cÖvq K_K
fw½‡Z| Kxfv‡e GKwU Mí ej‡j Zv me cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q `ª Z Ges mn‡R †cu․‡Q hv‡e †mUv Lye
fv‡jv Rv‡bb wZwb| Zui M‡íi welq MÖvg †_‡K kni, kni †_‡K bMi, bMi †_‡K we‡`k-
wefuyB ch©‰‭ Ny‡i †eovq| bvMwiK Rxe‡bi Aemv`, K¬vw‰‭ I A¨vemvwW©wU †hgb Zuvi M‡í
KzkjZvi m‡½ Dc¯ vwcZ nq, †Zgwb nq MÖvgxY RxebI| Zuvi MíMÖ‰  Ôgvs‡mi KvieviÕ-G
wZwb GK wbivm³-wb‡g©vn M‡`¨ iƒp ev¯‭eZv Avi mgKvjxb evsjv‡`‡ki GK exfrm wPÎ
AZ¨‰‭ KzkjZvi m‡½ Gu‡K‡Qb| Ô`yaÕ ÔwelÕ Ôgvs‡mi KvieviÕ wefxwlKvi fM′vskÕ ÔAv‡e`vwji
g„Zzï ciÕ ÔAvÛvicvmÕ cÖf„wZ M‡í wZwb †hb GKUzK‡iv evsjv‡`k‡KB wbg©vY Ki‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb|
105
cÖkv‰‭ g„avi fvlv I eY©bvfw½I j¶ Kievi g‡Zv| be″B `k‡K Zuvi g‡Zv
wW‡UBwj‡Oi KvR Avi †KD K‡i‡Qb e‡j Avgvi g‡b nq bv| Zuvi `„wówU cÖvq
gvB‡µv‡¯‥vwcK| Lvwj †P‡L hv aiv c‡o bv, ev aivi covi KíbvB Kiv hvq bv, †mwU †hgb
gvB‡µv‡¯‥v‡c aiv c‡o, †Zgwb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv MíKvi Zvi M‡í †h gyn~Z©wU‡K aievi KíbvB
K‡ib bv, cÖkv‰‭ †mwU‡KI a‡ib| d‡j Awbevh©fv‡eB Zuvi wW‡UBwj‡Oi KvR †e‡o hvq, Z‡e
gv‡S-gv‡S †h †mUv GK‡N‡q I K¬vw‰‭Ki Abyf~wZi m„wó K‡i bv, Zv-I bq| Aek¨ wZwb †h
Gi †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Z cv‡ib, Zvi cÖgvYI wZwb †i‡L‡Qb Zuvi Ôkvi‡`vrmeÕ MÖ‡‰ | GB
MÖ‡‰  ïay eY©bvfw½‡ZB cwieZ©b Av‡bbwb wZwb, GKBm‡½ Zx¶è ivRbxwZgb¯‥Zvi cwiPqI
w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi Ôeywoi MvQÕ Ôey‡ov KweZv wjL‡ZbÕ Ôkã •btkã¨Õ Ô†g‡qUv †eu‡P hv‡eÕ ÔDgv-
cve©Zx msev`Õ Mí¸‡jv we‡kl D‡jøL‡hvM¨Zvi `vwe iv‡L|
Aw`wZ dvêybxI GBmg‡q kw³gËvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi M‡íi welq eûgvwÎK,
Gi g‡a¨ Avwèvmx Rxeb wb‡q †jLv Mí¸‡jv we‡klfv‡e cvV‡Ki `„wó †K‡o‡Q| G QvovI
Rxeb I c„w_exi w`‡K wZwb ZvwK‡q‡Qb ggZvi †Pv‡L, A‰‭R †kªwYi gvby‡li Rxeb‡KI wZwb
gh©v`vc~Y© K‡i Zzj‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, †Kv‡bv Ki Yvi Mí ZvB wZwb †j‡Lbwb| wK‰‧ wZwb wel‡qi
†P‡q Avw½‡Ki w`‡K Zuvi AwZwi³ I AcÖ‡qvRbxq g‡bv‡hvM †`qvi d‡j Zuvi ÔMíÕ cÖvq
nvwi‡qB hvq, `„wóKUzfv‡e †R‡M _v‡K Avw½K| wZwb M‡í Zuvi M‡elYvjä Z_¨-DcvË †_‡K
ïi  K‡i msev`c‡Îi KvwUs meB eënvi K‡ib| memgq GB ai‡bi ÔwdDkbÕ †h mdj nq
Zv bq, ZvQvov wdDkb Zvi PwiÎvbyhvqx Zvr¶wYK AvKl©Y •Zwi Ki‡jI Gi †Kv‡bv `xN©¯ vqx
cÖfve _v‡K bv| Zuvi GB wdDkb-cÖeYZv Avm‡j Zuvi cÖwZfvi AcPq| Zuvi Mí c‡o g‡b
nqÑ wkí‡ev‡ai w`K †_‡K wZwb m„wó ev wµ‡qk‡bi †P‡q wbg©vY ev KÝUªvKkb‡K †ewk
¸i Z¡c~Y© e‡j g‡b K‡ib| Aw`wZ eis cÖPwjZ Avw½‡Ki M‡íB AwaKZi ¯^‪Q‱`¨, Zvi cÖgvY
wZwb †i‡L‡Qb Ô†m․fv‡Mï iRbxÕ ÔBgvby‡q‡ji M„ncÖ‡ekÕ ÔwU. BGBP. Gg bvRgyj nKÕ BZ¨vw`
M‡í|
ivRxe b~i Zuvi ÔnwiYvÕ wmwiR w`‡q ev¯‭e PwiÎ wb‡q KZ PgrKvi Mí †jLv hvq Zvi
cÖgvY w`‡qwQ‡jb| wK‰‧ Gi‡P‡qI ¸i Z¡c~Y© Zuvi Ô†mvbvi Zix mKvjÕ wmwiR| Zxeª
Abyf~wZmÄvZ GB Mí¸‡jv‡Z †mB A‡_© †Kv‡bv Mí †bB, eis G¸‡jv KweZv cv‡Vi Avb‱`
†`q| GB mg‡q GiKg Mí ivRxe Qvov Avi †KDB †j‡Lbwb|
†ivKb ingvb g~jZ wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi †jLK e‡j mvaviY cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q cwiwPwZ
Kg, wK‰‧ g‡bv‡hvMx cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q Zuvi cwiwPwZ kw³kvjx MíKvi wn‡m‡eB| kw³kvjx
M`¨fvlv, Avw½K I eY©bvfw½i aibB e‡j †`q, Mí †jLvi †¶‡Î wZwb Awfwb‡ekx, Ges
cvi‡dKk‡b wek¦vm K‡ib| AcÖPwjZ welq, bvbv ai‡bi PwiÎ, Avi Zv‡ì wK¬ó Rxebhvc‡bi
g‡aÏ wbtk‡ã †R‡M _vKv †µva I †¶vf‡K wZwb KzkjZvi m‡½ Zz‡j Av‡bb| Zuvi ÔRwU‡ji
RwUjZvRwbZ RwUjZvÕ I Ô†Uii nv‱UÕ eB `y‡Uv‡Z wZwb Gi cÖgvY †i‡L‡Qb|
AvKgj †nv‡mb wbcyi M‡í A‰‭R †kªwYi gvbyl D‡V Av‡m wbcyY KzkjZvq| GB
†kªwYi gvbyl‡K wZwb †P‡bb Lye fv‡jv K‡i| Zvi Míwbg©v© Y-†K․kjwUI j¶ Kievi g‡Zv|
cÖK…wZ Avi gvbyl Avi mgvRRxeb Zuvi M‡í wg‡jwg‡k GKvKvi n‡q hvq| iweDj Kwig
bvMwiK mgm¨v¸‡jv fv‡jv †ev‡Sb, bvMwiK wbtm½Zv I K¬vw‰‭ Zuvi M‡í PgrKvi KzkjZvq
wbwg©Z nq| Aek¨ ïa~y GUvB Zvi K…wZ‡Z¡i GKgvÎ RvqMv bq, iƒcK_vi Av`‡j ev hv`yev¯‭
eZvi eënvi K‡i wZwb wj‡L‡Qb K‡qKwU PgrKvi MíÑ Zuvi MíMÖ‰  Ôc„w_ex wKsev bi‡Ki
106
MíÕ-G Gm‡ei †`Lv wgj‡e| Z‡e Zuvi fvlvwU †ek LvwbKUv wkw_j, GB mxgve×ZvUzKz
KvwU‡q DV‡Z cvivUv Zuvi Rb¨ Lye Ri wi| PÂj Avkivd †j‡Lb e¨w³gvby‡li ¶q I cZ‡bi
Mí| †h Zxeª A¨vemvwW©wUi g‡a¨ bvMwiK gvby‡li evm, PÂ‡ji M‡í Zvi GK Kvwe¨K iƒcvqY
†`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| Ôk~b¨Zvi wei ‡× gvby‡li Rqa″wbÕ Ges Ô†mB ¯^c′ †hLv‡b gvby‡li g„Zz¨
N‡UÕ MÖ‰ `y‡Uv GBme A¨vemvwW©wUi cwiPq a‡i †i‡L‡Q| cvcwo ingv‡bi M‡í A‰‭R †kªwYi
gvbyl Mfxi ggZvq wPwÎZ nq| miKvi Avkivd Zuvi GKwU gvÎ MÖ‡‰ BÑ Ôcybe©vmb : GKwU
ivóªxq mvs¯‥…wZK Kvh©µgÕÑ Zxeª ivR‣bwZK m‡PZbZv Avi Ac~e© wbg©vY‣kjxi cwiPq
†i‡L‡Qb| Zzwnb mgÏviI Zuvi MÖ‰  Ô†mvgcÖKvk evwo‡Z †bBÕ-G `vi Y m¤¢vebvi cwiPq
w`‡qwQ‡jb| ivLvj ivnv Zuvi M‡í †jvKR Rxeb‡K Gu‡K‡Qb `vi Y KzkjZvq| gvneye
†gv‡k©‡ì i‡q‡Q Zx¶è ivR‣bwZK m‡PZbZv, wK‰‧ Gi †køvMvbag©x eënv‡i wek¦vm K‡ib bv
wZwb| eis Lye †K․k‡j, KL‡bv KL‡bv cÖZx‡Ki Avovj wb‡q wZwb g~j welqwU‡K Dc¯ vcb
K‡ib| Zuvi wKQy M‡í †h․bZvi wk‡ívËxY© eënvi †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| Ôe¨w³MZ em‰‭w`bÕ
MÖ‡‰  wZwb Zuvi eûgywL cÖwZfvi ¯^v¶i †i‡L‡Qb|
Lye ¯^í cwim‡i be″B-Gi Mí m¤^‡Ü g‰‭e¨ Kiv nj, GB g‰‭e¨ †_‡K GB mgqwU‡K
cy‡ivcywi †evSv hv‡e bv| GB mg‡qi †jLv‡jwL m¤^‡Ü GZUzKz ejv hvq †h, †KD hw`
be″B‡qi 7/8 Rb MíKv‡ii Mí Lye g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q c‡ob, Zvn‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Mí †Kv_vq
ùvwo‡q Av‡Q †m m¤^‡Ü GKUv aviYv †c‡q hv‡eb wZwb|
be″B `kK †kl n‡q †M‡Q, G‡m‡Q bZzb `kK, bZzb †jLK, bZzb Kjg| G ch©‰‭
Kg‡ewk huv‡ì †jLv †Pv‡L c‡o‡Q Zuviv n‡jbÑ Ab‰‭ myRb, Ab‰‭ gvndzR, AwfwRr `vk,
AfxK †mvenvb, A‡kvK `vk¸ß, AiY¨ cÖfv, AvRnvi b bex, Avwbd i ‡e`, Av‡bvqvi mv`x,
Avey Zv‡ni midivR, Avn‡g` wd‡ivR, Ckvb mvgx, D‡¤§ gymwjgv, Gg Avmjvg wjUb,
Gg`v` ingvb, Ggivb Kwei, Kvgi j Avnmvb, P‱`b †P․ayix, Rvnvbviv b~ix, Rv‡n`
†gvZv‡je, Zv‡gi Kwei, †Z․wnb nvmvb, †Z․wn` Gbvg, cj cÖwgZ, cÖexi cvj, cÖvw‰‭K AiY¨,
dvi K Avn‡g`, eì b bvnvi, eiKZDjøvn gvi d, weRq Avn‡g`, gwbi ¾vgvb gÊj,
gwnDÏxb Avn‡g`, gvRyj nvmvb, gv`j nvmvb, gvngy` kvIb, †gv‡k©` †kL, kvn‡bIqvR
†P․ayix, kvnwgKv Av¸b, kvgxg i bv, †kL jyrdi, wkgyj evmvi, ïfvwmm wmbnv, jvKz ivkgb,
wjUz mvLvIqvZ, mRxe †`, mÄxe cy‡ivwnZ, mvjgv evYx, mvjvnDÏxb ïå, mygb mycv‰ ,
†mv‡nj nvmvb Mvwje, •mKZ Gg Av‡iwdb, ivnv` Avwei, ivwk`v myjZvbv, †iRv NUK,
i evBqvr Avn‡g`, whï †gvnv¤§`, nvgxg Kvgi j nK cÖgLy | ejvBevûj¨, GwU †Kv‡bv P~ov‰‭
ZvwjKv bq| GB ZvwjKvi evB‡iI Av‡iv A‡bK bvg i‡q †M‡Q †h¸‡jv nq‡Zv Avgvi †Pv‡LB
c‡owb| Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ †_‡K †KD †KD nq‡Zv AvMvgx w`‡bi cÖavb MíKvi‡ì mvwi‡Z Avmb
K‡i †b‡eb| AZGe GB ZvwjKvi Ici cy‡ivcywi wbf©i bv-Kivi Rb¨ cvVK‡ì Aby‡iva
KiwQ|
Ab¨vb¨ mg‡qi g‡ZvB G mg‡qi me MíKvi GKB eq‡mi bb (†hgb nwic` `Ë
mË‡ii Ab¨vb¨ MíKvi †_‡K wKsev knx`yj Rwni Avwki Ab¨vb¨ MíKvi †_‡K eq‡mi w`K
†_‡K AMÖR), Z‡e Gu‡ì meviB MíPP©vi ïi  GB `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K| †KD †KD Avevi
BwZg‡a¨B †ek L¨vwZgvb n‡q D‡V‡Qb| Z‡e AwaKvsk MíKvi †Kej ïi  K‡i‡Qb, Zv‡ì
`y-GKwU K‡i Mí nq‡Zv cov n‡q‡Q, wK‰‧ GLbB G wb‡q †Kv‡bv g‰‭e¨ bv-KivB fv‡jv|
†jLv‡jwL Ki‡Z PvB‡j •a‡h©i cix¶vq Av‡M DËxY© nIqv ìKvi| me Kv‡jB A‡bK
107
m¤¢vebvgq †jL‡Ki AKvj g„Zz¨ N‡U‡Q ïaygvÎ wb‡R‡K Pjgvb ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb e‡j| bZzb
†jLKiv wb‡R‡ì Pjgvb ivL‡eb Ges AwP‡iB Avgv‡ì mvg‡b Zz‡j ai‡eb Zv‡ì m¤¢vebvi
RMr Avgiv †miKgB cÖZ¨vkv Kwi|
Dcmsnv‡ii cwie‡Z©
GB wbe‡Üi wk‡ivbv‡g Ôevsjv M‡íi DËivwaKviÕ kã¸‪Q eëüZ n‡q‡Q| iex‱`ªbv‡_i nv‡Z
†h M‡íi Rb¥, kirP‱`ª, RM`xk ¸ß, gvwbK, wef~wZ, ZvivksK‡ii nv‡Z †h M‡íi †e‡o-IVv,
ZviB DËivwaKvi aviY K‡i Pwjøk `k‡Ki gvÎ K‡qKRb †jL‡Ki nv‡Z Avgv‡ì †`‡k
MíPP©vi m~Pbv n‡qwQj| Qq `kK ci GZw`‡b Zv GKwU cwiYwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| GK wb‡g‡l
D‪PviY Kivi g‡Zv †ek K‡qKRb MíKvi, AnsKvi Kivi g‡Zv AmsL¨ Mí DËivwaKvi
m~‡ÎB †c‡q‡Qb GB mg‡qi †jLK-cvVKiv| KZUzKz GwM‡qwQ Avgiv? G wbe‡Üi ¯^í
cwim‡i nq‡Zv †m gxgvsmvq †c․Qv‡bv hv‡e bv| G wb‡q AviI eû Av‡jvPbvi AeKvk i‡q
†M‡Q| Zey hviv g‡b K‡ib Ôevsjv‡`‡k wKQyB n‡‪Q bvÕ, ev evsjv‡`‡ki Mí wb‡q hviv
nxbgb¨Zvq ev Db′vwmKZvq †fv‡Mb Zv‡ì cÖwZ GKwU cÖk′ D‪PvwiZ n‡Z cv‡iÑ Mí ej‡Z
Zviv Kx †ev‡Sb? Avgvi g‡b nq, Zzjbvg~jK mvwnZ¨wePv‡ii K_v hw` I‡VÑ Zvi Av‡M wKQy-
wKQyy welq cwi®‥vi K‡i †bqv DwPZ| Mí ev Dcb¨vm ev KweZv ev bvUK Avgiv †Kb wjLe,
†Kb coe, Kv‡KB-ev Gme Awfav †è †mUv cwi®‥vi nIqv fv‡jv| Mí hw` †Kv‡bv-bv-
†Kv‡bvfv‡e Rxe‡bi K_v e‡j, mgq‡K aviY K‡i, gvby‡li e¨w³MZ-mvgvwRK-A_©‣bwZK-
ivR‣bwZK-`vk©wbK cUf~wg dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z cv‡i, wPi‰‭b wewfb′ cÖk′ DÌvcb I e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb
K‡iÑ A_©vr G¸‡jvB hw` GKwU M‡íi •ewkó¨ ev cÖavb KvR n‡q _v‡K, Zvn‡j evsjv‡`‡ki
Aa©kZvãxi M‡í Gi †Kvb w`KwU aiv c‡owbÑ †m cÖk′ Db′vwmK I nxbgb¨‡ì cÖwZ D‪PviY
Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| bvwK evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl I mgvRRxeb‡KB Zviv ¸i Z¡c~Y© e‡j g‡b K‡ib bv
e‡j Gm‡ei wPÎvqY Zv‡ì †Pv‡L c‡o bv? evsjv‡`‡ki Aa©kZvãxi M‡íi †gvUvgywU cvV
†k‡l Avgvi g‡b n‡q‡QÑ Avgv‡ì AR©b Lye mvgvb¨ bq| Rxeb I c„w_exi †Pbv-A‡Pbv
†Kv‡Y Avgv‡ì †jLKiv µgvMZ Av‡jv †d‡j‡Qb Ges †dj‡QbÑ G KvRwU †Kb ¸i Z¡c~Y©
n‡e bv? welq-fvlv-Avw½K mew`K we‡ePbv K‡iB ewj, evsjv‡`‡k Ggb wKQz Mí †jLv
n‡q‡Q, †h¸‡jv wek¦mvwn‡Zï †h †Kv‡bv gvb`‡Ê cÖ_g mvwi‡ZB _vK‡e| Avgv‡ì MímvwnZ¨
wb‡q ZvB Abvqv‡mB Me© Ki‡Z cvwi Avgiv|
iPbvKvj : †deª“qvwi Ñ †g, 2008
Z_¨m~Î
1. kZe‡l©i evOjv †QvU Mí : GKwU iƒc‡iLv/ D¾¡j Kzgvi gRyg`vi|

2. mv¤cÖwZK evOjv MímvwnZ¨/ Avãyj gvb′vb •mq`|
3. †QvUM‡íi iƒcv‰‭i / Avb‱` evMPx|
4. evOjv †QvUM‡íi wZb w`Kcvj / mybxj M‡½vcva¨vq|
5. gvSvwi gv‡ci Avqbv / m‡ivR e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq|
108
6. evsjv‡`‡ki wbe©vwPZ †QvUMí 2q I 3q L‡Êi f~wgKv / Avãyj gvb′vb •mq` / wek¦mvwnZ¨
†K‱`ª|
7. evsjv‡`‡ki MíÑ mËi `kK/ mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi m¤úvw`Z / evsjv GKv‡Wgx|
8. evsjv‡`‡ki MíÑ Avwki `kK/ bvmixb Rvnvb m¤úvw`Z/evsjv GKv‡Wgx|
9. Zi Y cÖR‡b¥i Mí/gymv Kvgvj wgwni m¤úvw`Z/ kãwkí cÖKvkbx|
10.be″B `k‡Ki Mí/ iweDj Kwig m¤úvw`Z/e¨vm cÖKvkbv|
11. evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : DËivwaKv‡ii cwi‡cÖw¶Z/ Avngv` †gv¯‭dv Kvgvj
12.lvU `kK : Avgv‡ì cw_K…r MíKvi‡ì mvgvb¨ g~j¨vqb/ Avngv` †gv¯‭dv Kvgvj
13.Zi Y‡ì Mí/ Avngv` †gv¯‭dv Kvgvj
[ †jLK: M`¨wkíx| †ckv: Aa¨vcbv, c`v_©we`¨v, BwÛ‡cb‡W›U BDwbfvwm©wU| ]
cÖ e Ü
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí: welq I Avw½K †PZbv
Av n ‡g ` gv I jv
evi“‡ì MÜfiv mKvj Ges Zvici

cÖengvb mg‡qi e¯‧MZ †Pnviv K_vmvwn‡Z¨ hZUv ev¯‭weK K‡i dzwU‡q †Zvjv m¤¢e Ab¨
†Kv‡bv wkígva¨‡g Zv m¤¢e bq| m‡‱`n †bB, gyw³hy‡×i AwfNv‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR mËvq
†h cwieZ©b G‡mwQj Zvi cÖ_g av°v me ¯‭‡iB c‡owQj| ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB K_vmvwn‡ZÏ
c‡owQj mg‡qi Qvc, hy×Kvjxb I hy‡×vËi mgvR-cwiw¯ wZ, Aek¨ meUzKz bq, LwÊZ|
¯^vaxbZvi AeëwnZ c‡i gyw³hy‡×i ZvRv NUbv‡K welq K‡i iwPZ n‡q‡Q ARmª Mí-Dcb¨vm
wK‰‧ me cvb‡m, UjU‡j KuvPv Av‡e‡Mi| wZb ai‡bi `„wó G‡¶‡Î cwijw¶Z nq| GK.
nvbv`vi evwnbxi nZ¨v, wbh©vZb, a″smh‡Ái b„ksmZvi eY©bv; `yB. Avµv‰‭ kni †_‡K
wbivc‡` P‡j hvIqvi `„k¨, hy‡×i fqvenZv, b„ksmZvi iƒcvqY; Z…ZxqZ, ¯^vaxbZv-DËi
we‡jvwoZ mgv‡Ri wPÎ-PwiÎ A¼b| mËi `k‡K hviv Mí wjL‡Z Av‡mb, Zuviv cÖ_‡gB †PvL
†g‡j †`‡L‡Qb gyw³hy×, ¯^vaxbZv, evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥, GKwU bZzb iv‡ói cÖwZôv, wfb′ iv‡óªi
109
m‡½ mivmwi †hvMv‡hvM, kvmK `‡ji e¨_©Zv, wewfb′ wech©q, g~j¨‡ev‡ai Ae¶q, mvgvwRK
Aw¯ wZkxjZv, `ywf©¶, nZ¨v, g„Zz¨, Afy¨Ìvb, mvgwiK kvmb, mgvR KvVv‡gvi fvOPzi, nZvkv I
gvby‡li Avkvf‡½i Ki Y, Amnvq wPÎ| GQvov gyw³hy‡×i ¯§„wZ I †PZbv †jLK‡ì g‡b
cÖavb Abyl½ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q| cÖexY †jLKiv Zuv‡ì AwfÁ †PvL w`‡q †hgb ZvwK‡q‡Qb
RbRxe‡bi w`‡K, †Zgwb Zi Y †jLKiv bZzb †Pv‡L Ae‡jvKb K‡iwQ‡jb Pvicv‡ki
Ae¯ v‡K| `„wófw½, M‡íi welq, wkíg~j¨ BZ¨vw` we‡ePbv Ki‡j ejv hvq, lv‡Ui wbwg©Z
M‡íi-Rwg‡b ùvwo‡q mËi `k‡Ki †jLKiv M‡íi f~wg‡K Av‡iv mRxe I gyLi K‡i †Zv‡jb|
wK‰‧ GB mRxeZv bv‱`wbK we‡ePbv ev wk‡í k‡Z©i A‡_© bq| lv‡Ui †jLKiv M‡íi cÖKiY,
fvlvi wel‡q †h AvZ¥ex¶‡Yi gvÎv hy³ K‡iwQ‡jb, e¨w³i †fZ‡ii ¶q I Z…òv‡K M‡í
m~²fv‡e iƒcvwqZ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb cÖZxKx e¨Äbvq, mË‡ii MvwíK‡ì †mB `¶Zv wQj
AbvqË| ¯^vaxbZv-DËi we‡jvwoZ mg‡q Òmgv‡Ri GKRb ms‡e`bkxj gvbyl n‡q †jLK‡K
kwiK n‡Z n‡q‡Q cÖwZwU NUbvq| Gi DrmviY j¶ Kiv hvq mË‡ii `k‡Ki M‡í| Avevi
†gav-gbb, i wPi `vi Y ¶q n‡q‡Q mË‡ii `k‡KB| i × n‡Z n‡Z e¨w³ n‡q c‡o ¶Zv³
†K¬`v³| Gi KviY Ges cwiYwZ bv-†evSvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK ¯ ~j, R‡jv, Amvi Kvwnbx M‡íi
†gvo‡K cwi‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q mË‡ii `k‡K| Gi Av‡M †Kv‡bv `k‡K GZ m¯‭v, PUzj, ga¨we‡Ëi
mvaviY †K‪Qv wjwLZ nqwb| RbwcÖqZvi Uv‡b †jLvi Dc‡hvwMZv, †jL‡Ki `vwqZ¡ I mZZv,
wbwj©ß †cÖ¶Y w`‡q Rxeb‡K †`Lv BZ¨vw` D‡cw¶Z n‡q‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K kv¯¿eyw× Øviv †KD †KD
mgvRev¯‭eZvi Mí wjL‡Z wM‡q, iPbv‡K wb‡Ri B‪Qvc~i‡Yi Kvwnbx K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| cvVK-
g‡b mvgwqK Zvc Qwo‡q wbt‡kl n‡q †M‡Q Gme Mí, wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv Av‡jvq †cu․‡Q w`‡Z
cv‡iwb| mgv‡R †kÖYx Av‡Q, †kÖYxØ‱Ø Av‡Q, wK‰‧ Zv Djøç‡bi gva¨‡g msNv‡Z wb‡q Ges
Kvwnbx‡Z †kvwl‡Zi Rq †`wL‡q †jLKiv evnev †c‡q‡Qb e‡U, wK‰‧ M‡íi Rb¨ †jLK
wkíkZ© c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|Ó (f~wgKv: evsjv‡`‡ki Mí: mËi `kK, mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi, evsjv
GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1992) Mí-Dcb¨vm‡K Ôwe‡bv`‡biÕ gva¨g Ges ÔAvb‡‱ì Rb¨ mvwnZ¨Õ K‡i
Zzj‡jb ûgvq~b Avn‡g` I Bg`v`yj nK wgjb| wkí I †m․‱`h©, mvwn‡Zï K_ve¯‧ †_‡K
m¤ú~Y© wew‪Qb′ GKwU welq e‡j MY¨ Ki‡jb Zuviv, †hb wkí I †m․‱`h© Avb‱` weZi‡YB
wbt‡kwlZ, Zuviv ïay ev¯‭e‡K fywj‡q †`q| ev¯‭e RMr †_‡K mvwnZ¨‡K miv‡Z cvi‡jB †`Lv
†`‡e wkí I †m․‱`h©, Ggb wek¦vm KvR K‡i‡Q Zuv‡ì g‡b| wK‰‧ K_vmvwn‡Zï c‡¶ Zv
KL‡bv m¤¢e nq bv, mgKvjxb Rxeb wPý Mv‡q †j‡M _v‡K A‡gvPbxqfv‡e| ûgvq~b Avn‡g`
I Bg`v`yj nK wgj‡bi K_v cÖ_‡g D‡jøL Kijvg GRb¨ †h, G `yÕRbB me©vwaK RbwcÖq,
kw³kvjx, Mí ejvi AmvaviY `¶Zv Ges †jLvi †¶‡Î AwaK Zrci| evRvi Pvwn`v Abyhvqx
wj‡L‡QbI cÖPzi| †ewk †jLvi Kvi‡YB †nvK ev cvVK, cÖKvk‡Ki Pv‡ci Kvi‡YB †nvK,
Zuv‡ì †jLvi wkígvb memgq A¶zY′ _v‡Kwb| Zuv‡ì Mí cvVK-g‡b mvgwqK Zvc wbt‡kl
n‡q †M‡Q †Kej, ¯ vqx †Kv‡bv `vM iv‡L bv| Aek¨ jvf n‡q‡Q †h, Guiv mvwnZ¨‡K cY¨ K‡i
Zz‡j‡Qb| ûgvq~b Avn‡g` bvMwiK ga¨weË cwiev‡ii Dcwifv‡Mi Ab‱`-†e`bvi Qwe‡K
wbcyYfv‡e Auv‡Kb wK‰‧ ga¨we‡Ëi Avb‡‱ì Avov‡j †h Uvbv‡cv‡ob, m¤¢‡ei AZxZ ¯^c′‡K
mvg‡b wb‡q e¨vcK me©bv‡ki w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡‪Q, mg~n AÜKv‡ii w`‡K †m w`KwU wZwb
Gwo‡q †h‡Z fv‡jvev‡mb| K…wlwfwËK, MÖvgxY mgvR †_‡K D‡V Avmv GB †h bvMwiK ga¨weË
†kÖYx, Zvi AZxZ-eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi Rxeb, Sibvi AvU‡K hvIqv R‡ji g‡Zv ev¯‭e m~‡h©i
Zv‡c ïwK‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| mva¨vZxZ ¯^c′ wb‡q ga¨weË wejvmx Rxe‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi nIqv,
110
GB †kÖYx‡K ¯^‡c′i Mí ïwb‡q Avi KZw`b gy», AÜ ivLv hv‡e? Aek¨ Dcb¨v‡mi Zzjbvq
ûgvq~b, wgjb M‡í Zx¶è `„wói cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì ÔDwbk k GKvËiÕ Ô†PvLÕ
Ô†m․ifÕ Ôbw‱`bxÕ ÔLv`KÕ ÔRjQweÕ ÔGKRb µxZ`vmÕ ÔAmyLÕ Ômy‡jLvi evevÕ BZ¨vw` M‡í,
ga¨weË Rxe‡bi Mfxi ¶‡Zi w`‡K wKQz Bw½Z Av‡Q| Dcb¨v‡mi Zzjbvq Bg`v`yj nK wgjb
Mí wj‡L‡Qb Kg wK‰‧ hLbB Mí †j‡Lb wgjb, wkíwbô _vKvi †Póv K‡ib| we‡klZ MÖvg-
cvUf~wg‡Z †jLv Mí¸‡jv AmvaviY| Ôwbi‡b′i KvjÕ Ôjvjx‡ì K_vÕ Ôjvk c‡o‡QÕ Ô†g‡qwUi
†Kv‡bv Aciva wQj bvÕ Ô†bZv †h iv‡Z wbnZ n‡jbÕ ÔcÖ¯‧wZ ce©Õ BZ¨vw` Zuvi †kÖô Mí| mËi
`k‡Ki Ab¨vb¨ MíKviiv n‡jb, ivnvZ Lvb, eyjeyj †P․ayix, ev‡iK Ave`yjøvn, gÄy miKvi,
mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi, Avng` ekxi, gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei, wecøe `vk, †gvnv¤§` Avey Zv‡ni, Avey
mvC` Ry‡eix, AvZv miKvi, Zvcm gRyg`vi, nwic` `Ë, •mq` BKevj, gy¯‭vdv cvb′v, •mq`
Kvgi j nvmvb, myKv‰‭ P‡Ævcva¨vq, BmnvK Lvb, Avdmvb †P․ayix, Rvdi ZvjyK`vi, m‡ivqvi
Kexi cÖgLy D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
mykv‰‭ gRyg`v‡ii m¤úv`bvq Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Mí: mËi `kKÕ †ewi‡q‡Q evsjv GKv‡Wgx
†_‡K 1992 mv‡j| G MÖ‡‰ i f~wgKvq mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi e‡j‡Qb, ÔmËi `k‡Ki cÖvq me †jLK
gyw³hy× wb‡q Mí wj‡L‡Qb| Zey mËi `k‡Ki †Kv‡bv MíKv‡ii nv‡Z gyw³hy× wb‡q wkímdj
Mí wjwLZ nqwb| Av‡Mi `k‡Ki †jLK‡ì †_‡K GB `k‡Ki †jLKiv AwaK mvnmx Ges
m‡PZb| ivóªxq kvmb, kvmK`j I Zv‡ì M„nxZ eë¯ v M‡í mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z mË‡ii
†jLKiv Kvc©Y¨ K‡ibwb| mgvR I Rxe‡bi welq mË‡ii M‡í eûjvs‡k cÖZ¨¶, mivmwi,
j‡¶ï w`‡K wbw¶ß| †cÖiYv I AwfÁZv wn‡m‡e mË‡ii †jLKiv †c‡q‡Qb GB `k‡K
msNwUZ NUbvewj|Õ Ôfyj weKvkÕ M‡í gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb gyw³hy‡×i wZb
eQi c‡ii mgq‡K| e¯‧Z, wÎk j¶ knx‡ì i‡³i wewbg‡q AwR©Z ¯^vaxbZvi cieZ©x
Avgv‡ì mgvR, ivRbxwZ fyj weKv‡ki Bw½Z cvIqv hvq G M‡í| gyw³hy‡×i gvÎ wZb
eQ‡ii g‡a¨B gyw³‡hv×v gybxi Mvwoi gvwjK n‡q hvq, we‡q K‡i cÖevmx my‱ìx †g‡q, Zv‡K
wb‡q nvwbgyb Ki‡Z hvq mgy`ª‣mK‡Z| G M‡í GKRb †`k‡cÖwgK gybxi‡K †`Lv hvq
wejvmeûj Rxe‡b Mv fvwm‡q w`‡Z, †hgb, †Zgwb hy‡×i mgq gvÎ wZb w`b Ae¯ v‡bi
Ôbexcyi MÖvgÕ MÖv‡gi gvbyl, cwi‡ek cv‡ë hvq‬iwdK WvKvwZi †K‡m nvR‡Z, Lwei‡K PvKz
†g‡i AÜKv‡i †d‡j †M‡Q †KD, g„Z AvKei wgqvi `vdb nqbv, Zvi †QvU fvB GKv GKv
eBm¨v Kv‡‱`, Kwdj PvPv‡K †c‡Ui `v‡q kn‡i wiKkv Pvjv‡Z wM‡q GKwm‡W‱U n‡q
nvmcvZv‡j †h‡Z nq, AvkÖq`vZv M„nKZ©v Kwig PvPv wb‡¯‭R wb¯ú„n, Zvi †Q‡j gymv, †h
GKw`b `yB gvBj †nu‡U †LuvR K‡i gybx‡ii †d‡j hvIqv gvwbe¨vM w`‡q G‡mwQj| †mB gymv
iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i euvkSv‡o gybx‡ii Nwo, gvwbe¨vM, †e․‡qi Mqbv, me wQwb‡q †bq| Avgiv
†`L‡Z cvB hy× gvbyl‡K hZUv Agvbyl K‡i Zz‡jwQj, Zvi‡P‡q A‡bK †ewk Agvbyl, eY©‡Pviv
K‡i Zz‡jwQj ¯^vaxbZv-DËi mgv‡Ri fvsPzi| fyjfv‡eB weKwkZ n‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì †`k,
mgvR Avi ivRbxwZ| Avng` ekx‡ii Mí ÔcÖwZc‡¶i c‡¶Õ Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB ¯^vaxbZvi
Aí wKQzKvj c‡ii cwiw¯ wZ| ivR‣bwZK †bZv‡ì fÊvwg, ¯^v_©ciZv, •bivR¨, wbh©vZb,
wiwjd-†ikb wb‡q wbib′ gvby‡li m‡½ RyqvPzwi| M‡í †mwjg †P․ayix hy‡×vËi wech©‡qi my‡hv‡M
GKwU cwiev‡ii weevn‡hvM¨ †g‡qi Mv‡q nvZ †`q, A_P †g‡qi gv‡K eyey Wv‡K, eyey‡K
Avk¦vm †`q †h Zv‡ì‡K †kL gywR‡ei Kv‡Q wb‡q hv‡e| hwÌ †kl ch©‰‭ †mwjg †P․ayix †g‡q
wkLv‡K †kL gywR‡ei Kv‡Q wb‡q hvq wK‰‧ wkLv‡ì †Kv‡bv DcKvi nq wKbv Rvbv hvq bv|
111
wK‰‧ wb‡q hvIqvi c‡_ †iWwµ‡m‱U Mvwo‡Z e‡m †P․ayix wkLvi Kuv‡a nvZ †`q, †kL gywR‡ei
evwoi fx‡oi g‡a¨ ey‡Ki g‡a¨, Zey †Zv †mwjg †P․ayix GZUzKz K‡i †`q wK‰‧ Avwe` fvB? †m
ïay wkLv‡K e‡j‭ÔKvj †`Ljvg †Zvgv‡ì evmv †_‡K †mwjg †P․ayix †ei ‡‪Q| I me jxM
wd‡Mi †bZv‡ì mv‡_ m¤úK© bv ivLvB fv‡jv| Rv‡bv †Zv †ify¨wjDk‡bi ci KvD‱Uvi
†ify¨wjDkb nq, ZLb I‡ì cvËvI cv‡e bv|Õ ej‡jI †Kv‡bv DcKvi K‡i bv wkLv‡ì
Amnvq cwiev‡ii| myZivs cÖwZc¶ †R‡bI wkLv‡K †h‡Z nq cÖwZc‡¶i c‡¶| G M‡í
Avng` ekxi mgKvjxb ev¯‭eZvi Av‡jv‡K †bZv, ivRbxwZ‡K mgv‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb mvnmx
n‡q| GiKg ev¯‭eZvi Mí Lye GKUv †jLv nqwb mËi `k‡K| Ôgvby‡li nv‡Z K‡qKwU †cu‡cÕ
M‡í Avey mvC` Ry‡eix mËi `k‡Ki ivR‣bwZK `‡ji PvwiÎ¨ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| m‡‱`‡ni †Pv‡L
†mv‡nj wR‡Ám K‡i‭ÔAv‪Qv Avcbvi bvg wK? †jvKUv nv‡m, H nB‡jv ... ey‡Sb bv †hLv‡b
†hUv Lv‡U Avi wK| KvD‡K wgwQ‡ji gvbyl †hvMvo KBiv w`B, KvD‡K wgwUs‡Mi ... hv‡i †h
bvg KIbv hvq| GB Lv‡b †hgb nBjvg nvwdR Avjx, Avc‡b KBjvg Avevi Avì KBiv
eLwZqvi WvBKv eB‡mb bv|Õ ev¯‭weKB mËi `k‡Ki Avgv‡ì ivRbxwZ eY©‡Pviv n‡q
wM‡qwQj, †hb ¯^bv‡g KvD‡K wPwýZ Kiv hvqwb| ¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRRxe‡b G
ai‡bi eY©‡Pviv gvby‡li Avwef©ve `yó¶‡Zi g‡Zv mgvR‡`‡n µgvMZ cPb-cZb‡Z Avn″vb
K‡iwQj| ¯^vaxbZvi cieZ©x mg‡q KvD‱Uvi †ify¨wjDkb Ki‡Z wM‡q Rvm` Avgv‡ì †`‡ki
GKwU †Rbv‡ikb‡K †h fyj c‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡iwQj, ARmª Zi ‡Yi mvg‡b ¯^c′ Qwo‡q w`‡q
Rxeb ¶q I webvk K‡iwQj Zvi wbi‡c‡¶ Z`‰‭ K‡i‡Qb knwiqvi Kwei Ôgnvwec` ms‡KZÕ
M‡í| i¶xevwnbxi wbh©vZb, cywj‡ki Pvc, me Zz‪Q K‡i ARmª Zi Y †mw`b mgvRZ‡‰¿i kc_
wb‡qwQj| Ni †Q‡o, g„Zz¨‡K wbZ¨m½x K‡i, †divwi n‡q, AvZ¥‡Mvcb Ae¯ vq, e‡b-R½‡j,
A‡Pbv c‡_-cÖv‰‭‡i Ny‡i GK mgq Zv‡ì ej‡Z nq‬Ôwecøe Avi KZ `~i?Õ M‡íi g~j PwiÎ
Rvdi j¶ K‡i †h, †k‡li w`‡K I‡ì cÖwZ mvaviY gvby‡li N„Yv I fxwZ †Kvb ch©v‡q
†cu․‡Q‡Q| bxbv e‡j‬ÔG wgwU‡Oi Ii wbf©i Ki‡Q, Avgv‡ì cvwU© RbM‡Yi †_‡K wew‪Qb′ GK
m‰¿vmx jvBb AuvK‡o a‡i cy‡ivcywi wbwðý n‡q hv‡e bv bZzbfv‡e MwVZ n‡e|Õ wK‰‧ A¯¿ hLb
cÖavb n‡q I‡V, ivRbxwZ ZLb KZLvwb AcÖavb n‡q hvq Zv ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L| Zv‡ì
mn‡hv×v wgj‡bi g„Zz¨, Rvdi Ges bxbv‡K µ‡gB AvZ¥wRÁvmvi w`‡K wb‡q hvq| Qq gv‡m
Zviv cÂvkRb mn‡hv×v‡K nvwi‡q‡Q| Rvd‡ii †fZi k~b¨Zv nvnvKvi K‡i I‡V| †LvKvi
g„Zz¨‡K, wgj‡bi AvZ¥Z¨vM‡K cvwU©, wb‡R‡ì nVKvwiZvi Rb¨ Rxeb w`‡q‡Q e‡j hLb e¨vL¨v
K‡i ZLb Rvd‡ii g‡b nq ÔGB Av‡‱`vjb‡KI nq‡Zv GKw`b nVKvix KvRÕ e‡j mfvq †h
hvi N‡i wd‡i hv‡e| GKw`‡K AvenvIqvi gnvwec` ms‡KZ, Ab¨ w`‡K my‱ì e‡bi Mnxb
Ai‡Y¨ AvZ¥‡MvcbKvix bxbv I Rvd‡ii g‡a¨ Pj‡Z _v‡K AvZ¥wRÁvmv‬ÔAvgiv hZB wecø‡ei
K_v ewj, Avgiv wK mwZ¨ wecøex? †f‡e †`L Avgiv †KD wecøex n‡Z cvwiwb, cvwiwb e‡jB
Avgv‡ì w`‡q wecøe n‡e bv|Õ e¯‧Z GB AvZ¥wRÁvmv Zv‡ì ivR‣bwZK fyj wm×v‰‭‡KB
cÖwZcb′ K‡i| Avdmvb †P․ayixi ÔfvovqÕ MíwUI mËi `k‡Ki Av_©-mvgvwRK ivR‣bwZK fyj
weKv‡ki K_KZv| `k eQi †R‡j KvwU‡q †`‡L evwn‡ii me cv‡ë †M‡Q| gv g‡i hvq
†kv‡K, cywj‡ki AZ¨vPv‡i g‡i evev, GKgvÎ †evb †eu‡P _vKvi cÖ‡qvR‡b †e‡Q †bq
†ek¨ve„wË| A_P Zvi m‡½ GKmgq hviv ivRbxwZ KiZ, ingvb Zvi RgRgvU eëmv, gvhnvi
mv‡n‡ei, hvi †Póvq †m †Rj †_‡K Qvov cvq, †m iv‡Zi †ejvq gRv jyU‡Z Av‡m Zvi †evb
myigvi N‡i wK‰‧ Zvi wKQzB Kivi _v‡K bv| ingvb‡K PvKwii K_v ej‡j DË‡i ingvb e‡j‬
112
ÔXvKv kn‡i †KD KvD‡K PvKix †`q bv, †KD PvKix cvqIbv| ... fvov nq gvbyl, fvov|Õ
†Rj †_‡K wd‡i myigvi fvB fvovqB hvq, gvbyl gvivi Rb¨, Ab¨ w`‡K cv‡ki N‡i myigv
Ab¨ cyi ‡li m‡½ m½‡gi wPivqZ Djøv‡m ivZ KvUvq| mËi `k‡Ki fyj weKv‡ki, fyj
wek¦v‡mi •eix evZv‡mi PvjwPÎ Gfv‡e aiv c‡o‡Q Avgv‡ì MvwíK‡ì †Pv‡L| eyjeyj
†P․ayix, nwic` `Ë, mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi, gÄy miKvi, Zvcm gRyg`vi, wecøe `vm, †gvnv¤§` Avey
Zv‡ni Guiv evsjv‡`‡ki †QvU M‡íi g~javivi †hvM¨ DËivwaKvi| wecøe `v‡ki MíMÖ‡‰ i bvg
ÔcÂznwii †kl weevnÕ| m`v cÖvYPÂj, UMe‡M Zvi Y¨ wecøe `v‡ki ¯^fv‡ei g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q;
wK‰‧ Zuvi M‡íi welq-fvlv AbïKg| Rxe‡bi †K¬`v³, Mfxi-†Mvcb w`K¸‡jv‡K wecøe `vk
mnR-mvejxjfv‡e M‡í cÖKvk K‡ib| G‡¶‡Î Zuvi `„wó Zx¶è, wZh©K, AvÂwjK Wvqj‡Mi
m‡½ wZwb wgwk‡q †`b cyivY, DcK_v, cÖev`, KL‡bv Zrmg kã eënv‡i M‡íi cwi‡ek‡K
K‡i †Zv‡jb fvix, wKsev Lye wmwiqvm cÖm½‡K K‡i †Zv‡jb nvjKv, iwmKZvc~Y©| Aek¨ Zuvi
M‡íi web¨vm-`ye©jZv I AwZK_‡bi Î wUI `„wó Govq bv‬
K.
Kz¤‡¢ gjvq hvB bvB‬†nBUv Kq K¨vVv? Zq †kv‡bb, Avc‡biv †Zv Rv‡bb bv, HLv‡bB hZ mvay
gnvZ¥vi mgv‡ek| GZ mvay †Kv‡bv †gjvq nq bv‬Avi HLv‡bB nB‡jv wMqv Zx_© gwngv|
cy‡iv‡bv D‡jøwLZ KBqv Av‡Q, eZ©gv‡b †hBUv cÖ‡qvM, †nBUv nB‡jv Avw`Kv‡ji †K․wk¤^v|
ivgmxZvi m‡nvì j¶Y ebev‡m Mg‡bi mgq H gnvm½g cvi nBqv hvb| H w`K w`qv
iv‡gi †QvU fvB fiZ iv‡g‡i wdivB‡Z wMqv n¨vi †RvZ jBqv wdiv Av‡n, GLv‡bB Fwl
fiØv‡Ri Avkª‡g n¨viv wekªvg jBwQj, Hi Kv‡QB Gjvnev` mgªvU AvKe‡ii Gjvnvev`|
Gjvnvev` K_vUvi gv‡b nB‡jv wMqv Avjøvni ¯ vb, wK‡qi †jnv cov wkL‡Qb P¨vU|Õ (cÂznwii
†kl weevn)
L.
bvI fivfiwZ †jv‡Ki mvg‡b KBqv eB‡jv‭wK wQbv_, evey evbvBev †cvjv‡i? †Kvb RwgUv
eÜK w`jv? Avgv‡Mv bv nq RvbvBZv| fvj KiQ Lye fvj KiQ| wdK KBiv nvBm¨v Kq‬
Do‡Z cv‡i bv Pov g‡¹ ev‡‱` Kzjv| wK Kgy •ei‡ei gv, gv_vUv Avgvi KvUv †Mj| Pzc gvBiv
b`x cvivBjvg, •ei‡ei gy‡Lfi w`‡K ZvKb hvq bv| mvB‡KjLvb aBiv gyLLvb Avgwm Biv
MjyB w`qv bvBgv †Mj| KI †`wL, H nvivgRv`vi A‰‭‡i wel bvB? (kÖxbv‡_i c`vejx)
GB `yÕwU D×…wZ †_‡K wecøe `v‡ki M‡íi •ewkó¨ mbv³ Kiv hvq| cÖ_g D`vni‡Yi cÂznwi
g`¨-gvZvj Ae¯ vq kuvLvwievRv‡ii †K¬`v³ Rxeb-wee„Z K_‡bi m‡½ wg‡k hvq cyivY,
BwZnvm, ey‡ov cÂznwii AZ…ß Kvgbvi AwM′ wPÎvi K_v| wØZxq D`vni‡Y ey‡ov •fi‡ei wcZv
Avcb MøvwbKi Rxe‡bi K_v e‡j hvb, hvi g‡a¨ `ytL Av‡Q, Awfgvb Av‡Q, Av‡Q
mgvReë¯ vi Amg web¨v‡mi cwiYwZi K_v| †gvnv¤§` Avey Zv‡ni Zuvi M‡í G‡b‡Qb wfb′Zi
AwfÁZvi wbh©vm| cÖ_g MÖ‰  Ôe„wói Kvi KvRÕ-G wZwb wQ‡jb †ivgvw‱UK, ¯^c′gq, ¯§„wZKvZi,
Av‡eMx| wK‰‧ Rxeb †`Lvi GKwU wb‡g©vn `„wó wZwb AR©b K‡i wb‡q‡Qb mn‡R| ZvB wØZxq
MÖ‰  Ô†MvjvcRv‡bi Ak¦v‡ivnYÕ-G Zuvi DËiY Cl©Yxq| bvwgK M‡í †MvjvcRv‡bi gy‡L D‡V
Av‡m cyi‡bv XvKvi nvwi‡q hvIqv Rxeb, †MvjvcRv‡bi `xN© ¯§„wZ‬†QvU‡ejvi Avigvwb‡Uvjv
gmwR‡` †g․jvbv GKe″i Avjxi Kv‡Q Aviwe wkL‡Z hvIqv, gmwR‡ì nvD‡R jvj-bxj gvQ,
AvjvDwÏb †KvPIqv‡bi †Q‡j †mivRDwÏb †KvPIqv‡bi m‡½ we‡q, †Q‡j mvjy‬hvi Nywo
113
Iov‡bvi wQj `vi Y kL Ges Nywo Iov‡Z wM‡q Qv` †_‡K c‡o g‡i hvIqv, †mivRDwÏb
†KvPIqv‡bi †Nvov †e‡P w`‡q wiKkv Pvjv‡Z wM‡q `yN©Ubvq cv nvwi‡q c½y n‡q hvIqv,
†MvjvcRvb Dcvq‰‭i bv-†`‡L Nygwb wb‡q ¯‥zj‡M‡U e‡m, †klch©‰‭ Pzwo †dwi K‡i, Rxe‡bi
GB eûew¼g cÖevn, GK gg©vw‰‭K Ave‡ni m„wó K‡i‬
Ô†mivRDwÏb Zv¾e| †MvjvcRvb †PvL ey‡S Avmgv‡bi w`‡K ZvwK‡q Gme wK ej‡Qb?
‬Zzwg AvÜv mvjyi evc| Zzwg eqiv| wK †`Levi wf cvIbv| wKQz ûbevi wf cvIbv| jvjøyi WvK
†nv‡bbv| mvjyi NywÇ †`‡nv bv| H †h mvjyi NywÇ| mvjy Qvwom bv evc| ZzB †eU& aiQm|
P¨vwjÄ KiQm| Aviwe bv| †`- †` †j․i| Avi wf †Rv‡i Uvb| †Nivi gvi mvjy †j․i †`|
Avi bv mvjy‬Avi bv| Avi wc‡Q hvBm bv evev| ev-ev evKvÆv|
†MvjvcRvb DVv‡b jywU‡q c‡ob| M‡íi cwiYwZ‡Z, AvR‡Ki AvaywbK bMi XvKvi cÖvPxb
cwi‡ek, BwZnvm †hgb †f‡m I‡V; †Zgwb Avgv‡ì mvg‡b †f‡m I‡V XvKvi Avwèvmx
†MvjvcRv‡bi Rxe‡bi bvbv wech©q| †gvnv¤§` Avey Zv‡ni Gfv‡e M‡íi welq wbe©vPb K‡ib,
hv c‡o g‡b nq wZwb Rxeb †`‡Lb GK AbymÜvbx, Aw¯‭Z¡gq Ae‡jvK‡bi Awbevh©, AwfÁ
`„wó w`‡q| Ôe‡ov kwi‡Ki QvqvÕ Mí Zvi DrK…ó cÖgvY|
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, Kv‡qm Avn‡g`, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, gvngy`yj
nK, lv‡Ui `k‡Ki Guiv Avgv‡ì †QvUM‡íi †h Rwgb •Zwi K‡i‡Qb, Zvi Dc‡i D‡jøwLZiv
GB Rwg‡b dmj ey‡b‡Qb| mËi `k‡K G‡m Avgv‡ì K_vmvwn‡Z¨ †h `yÕaviv‬RbwcÖq Ges
wmwiqvm aviv ¯úó n‡q I‡V, Dc‡iv³iv †k‡lv³ avivi †hvM¨ DËivwaKvi| mË‡ii UvjgvUvj
cwiw¯ wZ‡ZI Zuviv L¨vwZ ev m¯‭v RbwcÖqZvi †jvf mseiY K‡i wkíwbô MíiPbvq g‡bvwb‡ek
K‡ib| Avng` ekxi, Avey mvC` Ry‡eix, ev‡iK Ave`yjøvn, eyjeyj †P․ayixÕi g‡Zv kw³gvb,
D¾¡j Mvwí‡Ki AvMgb n‡jI Guiv `xN©w`b †jLv‡jwL‡Z weiZ ev †jLv‡jwL †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb|
mËi `k‡Ki †QvUM‡íi K‡qKwU cÖeYZv Avgiv GLv‡b D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvwi,
K.
†h †Kv‡bv †`‡k mvwn‡Zï `ywU aviv‬RbwcÖq aviv I g~j avivi mvwnZ¨ _v‡K| mËi `k‡K
GLv‡b RbwcÖq avivi weKvk N‡U cÖejfv‡e| G‡Z jvf n‡q‡Q, M‡ívcb¨v‡mi GKUv evRvi
•Zwi n‡q‡Q Ges wecyj cvVK‡kªYx M‡o D‡V‡Q| ¶wZ n‡q‡Q, m¯‭v, PUzj ga¨we‡Ëi Z_vKw_Z
†ivgvw‱UK †cÖg-cÖYq‡K mvwnZ¨ wn‡m‡e cwi‡ekb K‡i, Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨‡K cY¨ K‡i †Zvjv
n‡q‡Q|
L.
RbwcÖqZvi Uv‡b †jLvi Dc‡hvwMZv, †jLvi gvb, †jL‡Ki mvgvwRK `vwqZ¡, Gwo‡q †M‡Qb
†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †jLK| Zuviv †`‡ki e„nËi Rb‡Mvwôi Rxeb‡K ai‡Z cv‡ibwb ev e„nËi
Rxeb‡K Ae‡njv K‡i‡Qb|
M.
g~javivq hviv Mí wj‡L‡Qb, Zv‡ì A‡b‡K Avevi kv¯¿eyw× Øviv cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Qb|
wb‡R‡ì iPbv‡K K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb B‪Qvc~i‡Yi Kvwnbx| Gu‡ì iPbvi welq wbg′‡kªYxi Rxeb,
`ytL, `vwi`ª¨, Afve BZ¨vw`; wK‰‧ `ytL-`vwi‡`ªï K_v †PuwP‡q ej‡j †hgb `ytLwejvm n‡q
hvq, †Zgwb Gu‡ì †jLvI wQuPKuv`y‡b Rxe‡bi `ytLK‡ói K_v †dwb‡q ejvq MfxiZvnxb,
Amdj n‡q c‡o‡Q| welq, cÖKiY, fvlvfw½, wbix¶v, mËi `k‡Ki M‡í †Zgb †bB| lv‡Ui
`k‡K Avgv‡ì M‡í †h myD‪Pgvb AR©b K‡i, †m Zzjbvq mË‡i †mB •ewkó¨ ¤øvb| mË‡ii
114
†Kv‡bv MíKvi‡K c„_K †ewk‡ó¨ kbv³ Kiv hvq bv, Ggwb‡Z †h †Kv‡bv m„wókxj †jL‡Ki
iPbvq wKQz •ewkó¨ †bB †h Zv bq, wK‰‧ mvwe©Kfv‡e ¯^Z‰¿ cÖwZfvq KvD‡K kbv³ Kiv hvq
bv|
`yB.
KuvUvZv‡i emwZ I P›`ªnxb ivwÎw`b
¯^vaxbZv-DËi, mËi Ges Avwki `k‡Ki GKUv `xN© mgq †`k wQj mvgwiK •¯îvPvix
miKv‡ii KiZjMZ| †h †Kv‡bv ¯^vaxb †`‡ki Rb¨ GwU `ytLRbK| G `yÕ`k‡K evsjv‡`‡k
Dch©ycwi mvgwiK Afy¨Ìvb, ivR‣bwZK Aw¯ iZv, e¨_© kvmb eë¯ v, wbcxob, nZ¨v, ivR‣bwZK
†gi KiY, g~j¨‡ev‡ai P~ov‰‭ Ae¶‡qi d‡j †f‡O c‡owQj mg¯‭ MYZvw‰¿K eë¯ v| gvbweK
†eva Avi wek¦v‡m a‡i wM‡qwQj ¶q| mvgwiK •¯îvPv‡ii Pv‡c RvwZi weKvk n‡q c‡owQj
i ×| cy‡iv Avwki `kK †K‡U‡Q cÖwZev` Avi cÖwZ‡iv‡a| G cÖwZ‡iv‡a, mvaviY gvbyl‡K
DØy× Ki‡Z AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q Avgv‡ì wkíx, mvwnwZ¨K, KweMY| Av‡‱`vj‡bi m‡½
hy³ n‡q c‡owQ‡jb Kwe-†jLK‡ì A‡b‡KB| djZ, wkí-mvwn‡Z¨ ivRbxwZi mivmwi cÖKvk
j¶ Kiv hvq Avwki `k‡K| †ewi‡q‡Q ÔivR‣bwZK KweZvÕ ÔivR‣bwZK avivi MíÕ|
ÔmvgwiKvqbÕ-†K cÖwZev` Ki‡Z wM‡q Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨ n‡q c‡owQj ÔivR‣bwZKvqbÕ| ejvi
A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h, ivRbxwZi cÖ‡qvR‡b wkí bq eis wkí‡K mg„× Ki‡Z mvwn‡Z¨ ivRbxwZ
Avm‡Z cv‡i|
mËi `k‡K Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Z¨ ÔRbwcÖqÕ †h †mªvZ cÖevwnZ nq, c~e©m~wi‡ì RbwcÖqZvi
Uv‡b Aw¯ i n‡q Avwki `k‡Ki †Kv‡bv MíKvi wb‡R‡K †mB †mªv‡Z fvwm‡q †`bwb| mgKvjxb
msKU, Pvc, ¶Zwe¶Z i³v³ AwfNvZ ¯^xKvi K‡iI Avwki `k‡Ki MvwíKiv †QvUM‡íi
kixi •Zwi K‡i‡Qb wbivm³ e¯‧-ev¯‭eZv w`‡q| mËi `k‡Ki Zzjbvq Avwki MíKviiv
Avw½K-cÖKi‡YI h‡_ó wbix¶vcÖeY| ivR‣bwZK Aw¯ iZv, mvgwiK A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zv, m~²
wkí`„wóiI wbix¶v Pvwj‡q‡Qb A‡b‡K| Gi †¶Î wQj cÖavbZ wjUj g¨vMvwRb‬Ô†ZvjcvoÕ
ÔwbmM©Õ ÔAwb‱`¨Õ Ô†cuPvÕ Ôms‡e`Õ ÔiƒcgÕ ÔMvÊxeÕ Ô`ªóe¨Õ BZ¨vw` cwÎKvi we‡kl Ae`vb
i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwôZ wKsev evwYwR¨K cwÎKvq cÖ_vMZ e„‡Ëi evB‡i Zvi ‡Yï DÏvgZv wb‡q Giv
M‡íi bZzb Rwgb •Zwi Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb| lv‡Ui MvwíK Av`k© I wjUjg¨vM, Avwki Zi Y
†jLK‡ì A‡bKvs‡k cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| G cÖR‡b¥i MvwíKiv †KD mie Dcw¯ wZ †NvlYv
K‡ibwb| wKQzUv †bc_¨Pvix, cÖPviwegyL, A‡b‡K wb‡R‡K MÖ‰ fy³ K‡ibwb GL‡bv| G `k‡Ki
MvwíKiv †Mvôxe×, weP~Y© wek¦vm, Avevi Aw¯‭‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvR‡b †MvôxPz¨Z| XvKv, PÆMÖvg,
ivRkvnx, h‡kvni, e¸ov, ewikvj, wm‡jUmn gd¯^j kn‡ii AwbqwgZ ev ¯^í¯ vqx wjUj
g¨vMvwRb‡K †K‱`ª K‡i Avwki MvwíKiv wj‡L‡Qb| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bvwUi nq‡Zv wjUj
g¨vMvwR‡bi PwiÎ wQj bv, Zey Zviv wj‡L‡Qb, mvgvwRK ivwóªK •Øi‡_i m¤¢vebvgq e„‡Ë
AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Qb| cÖZviK mg‡qi mwc©j †Pnviv, wek„‫‫‬Lj I RwUj eûgvwÎK msNvZ I
msN‡l© e¨w³, mgvR m¤cÖ`vq, †`k wecb′, GB mgvR, mg‡qi m‰‭vb e‡jB nq‡Zv Avwki
Mí‡jLKiv cwinvi K‡i‡Qb mij cøU, eY©bvi evûj¨, NUbvi NbNvUv, iƒcK-cÖZx‡Ki Avkªq
†_‡KI Zuviv Mí‡K gyw³ w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| civev¯‭e, wjwe‡Wv †PZbvi KzÊjvqb, ZË¡ I
AwfÁZvi mg‰^q Ki‡Z Giv †PvL †div‡jb j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKv, `w¶Y Avwd«Kv, g¨vwRK
115
wiqvwjRg, †cv÷ gWvwb©Rg BZ¨vwì w`‡K| Kvwnbx ev `„këY©bvq Zv †KvjvRag©x, mgq
†h‡nZz mwc©j, mbv³nxb, ZvB PwiÎ¸‡jv D ¢U, inm¨gq, Svcmv, bvg cwiPqnxb‬
ÔAvwg Avgvi bvg †i‡LwQ eªRjvj LvDwo| .... Qzwo c‡o _vK‡Z †`L‡j B‪Qv nq G¶zwb Kv‡iv
†c‡U XywK‡q e‡m _vwK, †gvPo w`‡q †`wL| Uvb w`‡q Avevi GKUz XyKvB, Pwe©mn bvwo fuywo
†ei nIqv †`wL|Õ (KvRj kvn‡bIqvR: ÔeªRjvj LvDwoÕ : KvwQg Mvjv)|
Ô†fvi n‡q Avm‡Q| j¨v¤ú‡cv‡÷i †PvL d¨vKv‡k mv`v| cv‡ki evmvq Kv‡Ri †g‡q ci‡bi
w¯f‡jm evDR| GKMv`v gqjv Quy‡o †d‡j Zvici P‡j hvq| jvkUvi weKvinxb cv b‡o bv|
jvkUv Lye †Rv‡i wbtk¦vm Uv‡b| (Ôbvmwib Rvnvb: j¨v¤ú‡cv‡÷i bx‡P: m~h©ZvgmxÕ) Gfv‡e
AwfÁZvi Av‰‭©`„wó, LÊ AL‡Êi cvi¤úh©, A¨vemvW© Avµv‰‭ ¯‭ä †PZbv, Awb‡KZ Djøçb I
†h․b weKjb KL‡bv Zuv‡ì k~b¨Zvi w`‡K †V‡j †`q| wew¶ß fvebvq, A_©nxb fvlvq
Kvi Kv‡h© KL‡bv ¶zY′ K‡i‡Q M‡íi wkígvb| Zuviv ai‡Z †P‡q‡Qb kn‡ii ew¯‭Rxeb, wKsev
bvMwiK Rxe‡bi weKviMÖ¯‭ PwiÎ ev MÖv‡gi evRvi ev mvgvwRK KzwUj gvbyl, Zey e„nËi Rxeb
Zv‡ì A‡MvP‡iB †_‡K hvq| M‡íi Rwg‡b fvOPzi Ki‡Z wM‡q wKsev fv‡jv Mí wjL‡Z wM‡q
A‡b‡K †jLvB †Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb, †KD †KD aviv cwieZ©‡b wb‡R‡ì †jLvi welq e`j K‡i
GwM‡q †M‡Qb, †hgb bvmixb Rvnvb, knx`yj Rwni| bvmixb Rvnvb B‡Zvg‡a¨ Zuvi wkí-
A‡‰^lYvi c_ Luy‡R wb‡q‡Qb| Mí ev Dcb¨vm †Kv_v †_‡K ïi  Ki‡eb, †Kv_vq wM‡q †kl
Ki‡eb, wKfv‡e web¨vm Ki‡eb, †mLv‡b ev¯‭e‡eva I iƒcK, cÖZx‡Ki Bw½Z w`‡q wZwb
iPbv‡K wkígq K‡i †Zvjvi †K․kj iß K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi Dcb¨vm Ô†mvbvjx gy‡Lv‡kÕ ÔDo‬°zÕ
cÖm‡½ Avgvi G e³e¨ cÖwYavb‡hvM¨| knx`yj Rwn‡ii wewbg©vY Av‡iv AvKl©Yxq, wZwb
M‡ívcb¨v‡m memgq †Kv‡bv MÖvg ev KwgDwbwUi K_v e‡jb, A‡bKUv‬ÔGK †`‡k GK ivRv
wQ‡jbÕ Gi gZ, †hgb wZwb e‡jb ÔMÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv GK mgq fve‡Z ïi  K‡ibÕ ev ÔMÖv‡gi
†jv‡Kiv ïb‡jv, Rvb‡jvÕ Gfv‡e| iƒcK_v-ejv X‡O wZwb iPbv wbg©vY K‡ib| GQvov knx`yj
Rwn‡ii fvlvq i‡q‡Q GK m‡¤§vnbx kw³| Zuvi Ô†m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQjÕ ev ÔRxeb I ivR‣bwZK
ev¯‭eZvÕ Ges K‡qKwU Mí ÔB‱`yi-wejvB †LjvÕ ÔAvgv‡ì KzwUi wkíÕ ÔWjyb`xi nvIqvÕ cvV
AwfÁZv †_‡K Avgvi G Awfe¨w³| Avwki `k‡Ki kw³gvb MíKvi gvgyb ûmvBb| Zuvi
M‡`Ï GKUv ¯^Z‰¿ gvÎv j¶ Kiv hvq| ¯^vaxbZv-DËi mg‡q Db′q‡bi bv‡g kni Xy‡K †M‡Q
†f‡O-cov, ¶zavcxwoZ, KsKvjmvi MÖv‡g| cÖkvmwbK we‡Kw‱`ªKi‡Yi Kvi‡Y MÖv‡g Xy‡K †M‡Q
kn‡ii PwiÎnxb KvRKg©| jÊfÊ n‡q †M‡Q MÖv‡gi Zver cwiw¯ wZ| Ô`ywU bó †Q‡ji
evj¨KvjÕ ÔKv‡jv mevb nv‡Z Rq GKw`bÕ ÔmbLvi Kvjv eywo I Avgv‡ì w`bhvcbÕ‬gvgyb
ûmvB‡bi Gme M‡í Avgiv Rxe‡bi Ab¨ GKcÖv‡‰‭i PvjwPÎ †`wL| Zuvi M‡í †m Rxeb I
Rbc‡ì wfb′ GK iƒcKí wbg©vY K‡ib| gnxeyj AvwR‡Ri ÔMÖvg Db′qb Kg‡cø· I bexZz‡bi
fvM¨ Puv`Õ MÖ‡‰ i Mí¸‡jvi K_v G cÖm‡½ D‡jøL Kiv hvq| Zuvi M‡íi g‡a¨ nvmvb AvwRRyj
n‡Ki I KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii AcÖwZ‡iva¨ Dcw¯ wZ j¶ Kiv hvq| gvgyb ûmvB‡bi m‡½
gnxeyj AvwR‡Ri M‡íi welq cUf~wg iPbvq wgj i‡q‡Q hv GKB avivi Kvi‡Y HK¨ Luy‡R
cvIqv hvq‬
ÔMuvI‡Miv‡gi gvbyl‡ì G GK ¯^fve, gvbyl‡K †Kej wb‡Ri `yt‡Li K_v †kvbv‡bv| `ywbqv‡Z
my‡L Av‡Q †KbÕ MÖvg Db′q‡bi wfZi Rwg dmj cvÂ K‡i jvf nj wK eywoi! hv †nvK AZ
†f‡e jvf †bB, GLb Zuvi cvjv| †jvKRb †Zv cÖ_g mv¶v‡ZB Zv‡K jy‡d wb‡q‡Q| cÖwZwbwa
116
Zuvi e³e¨‡K mxgve× iv‡Lb MÖvg Db′q‡bi wel‡qB|Õ (gnxeyj AvwRR : MÖvg Db′qb Kg‡cø·
I bexZz‡bi fvM¨ Puv`)
ÔcÖvq KjvMv‡Qi g‡Zv cvZvevnviwU †`qv‡ji Gcvi ch©‰‭| Szu‡Kcov AvgjwK MvQ e„wó R‡ji
myL Av‡m wRn″vq| kn‡ii †kl gv_vq GB VvÊv Aí AÜKv‡i evwo Zv‡K cÖvq cÖvqB ùvo
Kwi‡q †`q †Kb †m eyS‡Z cv‡i bv| †`L‡Z meyR †Svc-Sv‡oi †Kqvwi Kiv dzjevMv‡bi
w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡‪Q GKwU †g‡q Zvi gyL †Kvgj, †PvL Av‡jv, †_‡g †_‡g GKwU dzj Zz‡j
wb‡‪Q|Õ (gvgyb ûmvBb: AvKzj-civY)
wgwj‡q co‡j `yÕR‡bi M‡íi eY©bvfw½‡Z mv`„k¨ ¯úó †Ui cvIqv hvq| •mq` wiqvRyi
ikx‡ì ÔAv¸‡bi wec`vc`Õ ejv hvq Zuvi M‡í GKwU AbïKg fyeb Av‡Q| ev‡Kï Mo‡bi
g‡a¨ GKwU cwinvmwcÖqZvi I we`ªƒ‡ci fve Av‡Q Ges Gi gva¨‡g wZwb M‡íi welq‡K Zz‡j
Av‡bb|
ÔcÖvZKvjxb Kzqvkv mv¶x K‡i nvwme †Pqv‡i Dcweó nq Ges GhveZ Av½ywj duv‡K AvU‡K
AwM′gq Kve©bWvB A·vBW wb‡KvwUb fvivµv‰‭ wbZ¨m½x kvmKvgx wmMv‡iU kjvKv `xN© QvB
m„wó K‡i ¶wqòz|Õ (Avµ‱`b ü`-hvÎv)
KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii cÖfve wiqv‡Ri M‡í Ggb †h, gv‡S gv‡S m‡‱`n Rv‡M Kvi Mí cowQ?
wiqv‡Ri bv KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii| Avwki `k‡Ki MíKvi‡ì D‡b¥l Ges weKvk g~jZ
wjUj g¨vMvwRb-†Kw‱`ªK Ges wjUj g¨vMvwR‡b †h wRwbmwU †`Lv hvq, Zv n‡‪Q
wbix¶vcÖeYZv| wjUj g¨vMvwR‡b huviv wjL‡Z Av‡mb, Zuv‡ì g‡b cÖ_g †h welqwU KvR K‡i
Zv nj, cÖ_vMZ aviv I cÖwZôvb‡K cwinvi Kiv| e¨wZµgx, bZzb wKQz Avjv`v n‡Z wM‡q
A‡b‡K kv¯¿eyw× Øviv cwiPvwjZ nb| cÖPwjZ evwYwR¨K cwÎKvq †h‡nZz GB wbix¶vi my‡hvM
†bB ¯^D‡`¨v‡M cwÎKv †ei K‡i ¯^vaxb wP‰‭vi cÖKvk NUvb| Aek¨ mK‡ji c‡¶ wbix¶v
myLKi nq bv| fvlv, welq, e³e¨, Avw½K, PwiÎ ev Kvwnbxweb¨v‡m AwfbeZ¡ Avb‡Z wM‡q
†KD †KD †j‡R-†Mve‡i K‡i †d‡jb| Avevi A‡b‡K Gme ZË¡‡K cvk KvwU‡q wb‡Ri c_
Avwe®‥vi K‡i †bb, Gfv‡e mvwn‡Z¨ bZzb gvÎv hy³ K‡i wjUj g¨vMvwRb, bZzb GK cÖevn
•Zwi K‡i|
Avwki `k‡Ki MíKviMY mw¤§wjZfv‡e †h KvRwU K‡i‡Qb Zv n‡‪Q, ga¨weË Rxe‡bi
nvjKv Kvwnbx‡K dzwj‡q-duvwc‡q c‡Y¨ cwiYZ Kivi e`‡j Zuviv RxebgywL Mí iPbvi †Póv
K‡i‡Qb| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki M‡íi DËivwaKvi‡K enb ev cybi ¾xweZ K‡i‡Qb| Avwki `k‡Ki
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MíKviiv n‡jb‬gvgyb ûmvBb, †mwjg †gvi‡k`, bvmixb Rvnvb, knx`yj Rwni,
KvRj kvn‡bIqvR, †èvkxl fÆvPvh©, cvi‡fR †nv‡mb, •mq` wiqvRyi ikx`, ûgvqyb gvwjK,
BgwZqvi kvgxg, Iqvwm Avn‡g`, cÖjq †è, gvLivR Lvb, iv‡k` Db bex, SY©v ingvb,
mÄxe †P․ayix, †gv¯‭dv †nvmvBb, Zv‡iK kvnwiqvi, kwn`yj Avjg, A‡kvK Ki, gbxk ivq,
Iqvwn` †iRv, nvwg` Kvqmvi, kvnv`y¾vgvb, wmivRyj Bmjvg gywbi, gnxeyj AvwRR, mv`
Kvgvjx, bv‡mi ingvb cÖgLy | †mwjg †gvi‡k‡ì Mí ÔKuvUv mv‡ci gyÊÕy ‡Z †ngvw½bxi Rxe‡bi
GK A¯^vfvweK iƒcvq‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Avgv‡ì cwiwPZ Rxeb‡K †hb wa°vi †`q| ew¯‭‡ZB
†ngvw½bx‡ì evm| myZivs ew¯‭i Pvicv‡ki gvwU I PvUvB‡qi GKÎ mgv‡ek| †ngvw½bxi
†`‡ni cÖ‡qvRbxq Ask¸‡jv weK…Z| f`ª Rxeb †_‡K eû`~‡i evm K‡iI f`ª Rxe‡bi Kv‡Q
Zv‡K Avm‡Z nq| Zvi Lycwii Pvj †MvjcvZvq QvIqv, †mB †MvjcvZvi †fZi gv_v I
†jRmn GKwU mvc †Pv‡L c‡o Zvi, †m fq cvq, mvcUv‡K †m Luy‡U Luy‡U †`‡L, ¶zavi
117
GK‡ivLv Zvobvq †m mvcUvi †c‡Ui w`‡K ZvKvq †jvfvZzi †Pv‡L| †ngvw½bx mv‡ci m‡½
g„Zz¨‡Ljvq †g‡Z I‡V| †m k³ gwiqv n‡q mvcUv‡K Svc‡U a‡i| ZLb †m Abyfe K‡i ÔZvi
nv‡Zi †fZi RgvU ei‡di SvcUvwb Pig µz×Zvq| ÔZvici †m KuvPKjvi g‡Zv wm× K‡i
mvcUv‡K †L‡q †d‡j| GUv GKUv k‫‫‬LP~o| Zvi gyL †_‡K GKUv †euvUKv MÜ †ei nq|
mv‡ci KvUv gyÊUy v VvÊv gvwU‡Z Quy‡o †d‡j w`‡q †m Nygy‡Z †Póv K‡i| hLb †m Mfxi Ny‡g
Av‪Qb′, ZLb †m †`‡L mv‡ci gyÊyUv †hb wbtk‡ã Lycwo †Q‡o P‡j †M‡Q| ew¯‭Rxe‡bi weK…Z
¯^fve‡K Zz‡j a‡i cÖZx‡Ki gva¨‡g †mwjg Bw½Z K‡ib †h GB ew¯‭i weK…Z Rxeb, mgv‡RiB
m„wó| wVK GKB avivi Mí wj‡L‡Qb KvRj kn‡bIqvR, cvi‡fR †nv‡mb, (e„wð‡Ki Rvj I
Ab¨vb¨) †èvkxl fÆvPvh© (†cvKvRv‡Zi gvbyl) bvmixb Rvnvb (¯ wei †h․eb, weP~Y© Qvqv, m~h©
Zvgmx)| bvmixb Rvnvb B‡Zvg‡a¨ M‡íi †QvU K¨vbfvm †Q‡o Dcb¨v‡mi g‡Zv e„nr Rwg‡bI
wb‡R‡K mdj K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| KvRj kvn‡bIqvR, cvi‡fR †n‡mb, †èvkxl fÆvPvh© Ges
Av‡iv A‡b‡KB wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi evwn‡i wjL‡Qb bv Ges G‡ì A‡b‡KB mivmwi wjUj
g¨vMvwRb Av‡‱`vj‡bi m‡½ hy³; †hgb •mq` wiqvRyi ikx`| †mwjg †gvi‡k`| lv‡Ui
MvwíKivI g~jZ wjUj g¨vMvwRb‡K wfwË K‡i †jLv ïi  K‡ib wK‰‧ †mB MwÊ †cwi‡q Avm‡Z
†c‡i‡Qb e‡jB Avgiv nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, gvngy`yj nK, Kv‡qm Avn‡g`,
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi g‡Zv K_vwkíx †c‡qwQ| Zuviv †K wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi †jLK wQ‡jb,
†K •`wbK KvM‡Ri †jLK wQ‡jb, Zv †M․Y welq| kw³ _vK‡j †h †KD †ewi‡q Avm‡eb,
GUvB ¯^vfvweK| ÔwjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi GZ w`‡bi Av‡‱`vjb, GZeo †XD, GZ wPrKvi, wKQzB
†Zv Avgv‡ì K_vmvwn‡Zï g~javivUv •Zwi K‡i w`‡Z cvij bv, K_vmvwnwZ¨Kiv ej‡Z
cvi‡jb bv ga¨weË †kÖwYi K_v, `y‡Uv Pvi‡U Kó h‰¿Yvi K_v bq| weivU †kªwYwU †h Wye‡Q,
Wye‡Z eva¨, D×v‡ii †Kv‡bv c_ †bB, G mg¯‭ welqwU‡K wb‡q ¯ vqx wKQz †jLv nj bv|Õ
(nvmvb AvwRRyj nK: K_vmvwn‡Zï K_KZv, c„ôv 47) lv‡Ui wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi e¨_©Zvi K_v
ej‡Qb nvmvb AvwRRyj nK| hwÌ Avwki MíKvi‡ì m¤ú‡K© †kl K_vwU ejvi mgq †cwi‡q
hvqwb, Z‡e Avk¼v, †hb e¨_©Zvi wØZxq D`vniY n‡Z bv-nq| GKUv cÖk′ Aek¨ Kiv hvq †h,
Avwki MíKviiv A‡b‡KB Dcb¨v‡mi g‡Zv e„nr K¨vbfv‡m †Kb KvR K‡ibwb? (bvmixb
Rvnvb, knx`yj Rwni cÖgLy Qvov) Gi KviY GB †h, Giv cÖvq mK‡jB wjUj
g¨vMvwRb‡Kw‱`ªK, wjUj g¨vMvwR‡b Dcb¨vm Qvcv‡bv m¤¢e nq bv| cÖKvkgva¨‡gi mxgve×Zv
G‡ì ¶gZv‡K A‡bKvs‡k mxgve× K‡i †d‡j‡Q| GQvov Rxeb-AwfÁZvi Afve G‡ì‡K
eo K¨vbfv‡m KvR Kivi mvnm †RvMvqwb e‡j g‡b nq| Avwki MíKvi‡ì mvdj¨, Zuviv
cÖ_vMZ M‡íi dg©‡K †f‡O‡Qb, msÁv-m~‡Î-†Pnvivq cvwë‡q w`‡q‡Qb, fvlv‡K wbR¯^ Kivi
†Póv K‡i‡Qb, welq I wP‰‭vq bZzbZ¡ G‡b‡Qb| †hgb gvgyb ûmvBb mgq‡K wi‡cÖ‡R‱U
K‡i‡Qb Pwi‡Îi †fZi w`‡q, eY©bv cÖm‡½| knx`yj Rwni Ges bvmixb Rvnvb g¨vwRK
wiqvwjRg‡K eënvi K‡i‡Qb| KvRj kvn‡bIqvR k¦vkZ wek¦vm‡K †f‡O UzK‡iv K‡i
†`‡L‡Qb Rxeb‡K| •mq` wiqvRyi ikx` ev¯‭eZv‡K Avb‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb Pwi‡Îi fvebvi
†fZi w`‡q| kvnv`y¾vgv‡bi ÔK‡qKwU wen″j MíÕ‬G welq, fvlv I Rxeb `„wói bZzb‡Z¡i
cwiPq i‡q‡Q| wK‰‧ wZwb Mí †jLvi †P‡q wewea Kv‡R e¨¯‭ †ewk|
118
.wZb.
AweKwkZ Rbc‡ì Av‡jvKcÖß mš—v‡biv: beŸB‡qi K_v‡Kvwe`
Rxeb‡K wfb′Zi ev¯‭eZvq Ae‡jvKb K‡ib be″B `k‡Ki K_v‡Kvweìv| Rxeb`„wói
eûgvwÎKZvq Ges AwfÁZvi A‡bKv‰‭ Av‡jvq, Zvi ‡Yï `y`©v‰‭ cÖZxZx wb‡q Zuviv K_ve¯‧
wbg©vY K‡ib| eY©bv-fvl¨ w`‡q bq, †PZbvi A‡bK iKg Awf‡¶‡c Rxe‡bi Zvrch© †LuvRvi
†Póv K‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Zï †h avivevwnK BwZnvm, Zvi cUf~wg ¯§i‡Y †i‡L
be″B‡qi Zi Y K_vwkíxiv bZzb Rwgb •Zwi K‡i‡Qb| ZvB BwZnvm, HwZn¨, wg_‡K
m‡PZbfv‡e eënvi K‡i‡Qb A‡b‡K| †hgb mv` Kvgvjxi Mí ÔDcK_vi Av‡cjÕ wKsev
ÔAwfe¨w³ev`x MíÕ-G mgKvjxb ev¯‭eZv Zuvi Kv‡Q Amn¨, Am¤ú~Y©, weKjv½| hwÌ Zuvi
M‡í wn‱`y m¤cÖ`vq cÖvq Awbevh©fv‡e eëüZ nq| kvnbvR gyb′x, g~jZ Kwe, ZvB Zuvi Mí
KweZvµv‰‭, ÔwR¡‡bi Kb¨vÕq Rxeb‡K BwZevPK w`K †_‡K iƒcK_vi g‡Zv, ag© I Ava¨vZ¥-
†PZbvi Av‡jv‡K we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi ÔwR¡‡bi Kb¨vÕ MíwU AwZcÖvK…‡Zi Avfvm Av‡Q|
†ivKb ingvb Zxeª h‰¿YvKvZi, mgvRmÄvZ AwfÁZv †_‡K Zvi M‡í †b‡g Av‡m
wew‪Qb′Zv‡eva, †h․bZvi A‡nZzK D‡jøL| †hgb ÔgvwbK e‡‱`vcva¨v‡qi PkgvÕ M‡í| ivRxe
b~i, wg‡_i †fZi w`‡q Rxeb‡K †`L‡Z Pvb, †hgb Ô†`ª․c`xi I Zvi †cÖwg‡KivÕ M‡í| wgR©v
Zv‡ni Rvwg‡ji ÔPZz_© gvÎv †hvM PZz_© mËvÕ M‡í Rxeb‡K `vk©wbK wRÁvmvi Av‡jv‡K,
R¨vwgwZK gvwÎKZvq †`Lvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| gCbyj Av‡e`x‡bi M‡íi welq I web¨vm Abyf~wZ
w`‡q wK‰‧ Zuvi M‡íi welq I fvlv cÖ_vMZ| gwbi Rvgvb, Zuvi M‡í Rxeb‡K Dcjwä K‡ib
myKwVb wP‰‭v w`‡q| PÂj Avkivd Kwe wn‡m‡e AwaK L¨vwZgvb n‡jI K‡qKwU Mí I GKwU
Dcb¨vm wj‡L BwZg‡a¨ `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i‡Qb| Zuvvi ÔwUKwUwKi i³ jvj n‡q IVvi Av‡MÕ
gy³‡h․bZvi m‡½ cÖ_vi m¤úK© I gvby‡li mvgvwRK m¤ú‡K©i A_©nxbZv I D ¢UZ¡; Ônviv‡bv
†cÖwg‡Ki wcVÕ M‡í i ×k¦vm ev¯‭eZv gvby‡li Rxebeë¯ vi †cÖw¶‡Z †h․bZvi Zxeª eënv‡ii
m‡½ weg~Z© wP‰‭v‡K wbg©v‡Yi †Póv i‡q‡Q| dLi j †P․ayixi Ôg„Z‡`n cvovÕ MÖ‡‰ i bvwgK M‡í
†h wP‰‭v-†PZbv cÖ‡qvM †`Lv hvq, Zv‡Z bZzbZ¡ †bB wK‰‧ ejvi g‡a¨ wbR¯^Zv Av‡Q| be″B
`k‡Ki K_v-Kwe‡ì cÖavb •ewkó¨, Giv M‡íi cÖ_vMZ aviYv cv‡ë w`‡q bZzb welq-fvebv
Øviv, eqvb-fvl¨ Øviv Rwgb •Zwi
Ki‡Z Pvb| mgKvjxb ev¯‭eZvi Mí Zuviv wjL‡Z ivwR bb eis Amn¨ ev¯‭eZv‡K †f‡O,
Awfe¨w³i bZzb we¯‭vi NUv‡Z Pvb| ZvB Kvwnbx, NUbv, PwiÎ G-m‡ei c~e©vMZ aviYv cwinvi
K‡i wP‰‭vi Awbevh© cÖ‡qvM‡K ¸i Z¡c~Y© g‡b K‡ib| eënvi K‡ib AvÂwjK WvqvjM, cyivY,
wg_, a‡g©i Abyl½, BwZnvm, BZ¨vw`‡K mgKvjxb Rxe‡b cÖweó Kwi‡q †fZi fyeb‡K
Ae‡jvKb Ki‡Z Pvb| eY©bvi e`‡j we‡køl‡Yi gva¨‡g †cu․Q‡Z Pvb w¯ i j‡¶¨| Kíbvi
cwie‡Z© eyw×, eY©bvi cwie‡Z© wP‰‭v, Rxeb I AwfÁZv‡K Rxeb`k©‡b, Rxeb `„wó‡K
Rxeb`k©‡b iƒcvwqZ Kivi cÖeYZv j¶ Kiv hvq be″B‡qi bexb †jLK‡ì g‡a¨|
[ †jLK: Kwe, cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq| ]
119
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi aviv I cÖeYZv
k nx ` B K ev j
f~wgKv
Mí ejv gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖe„wË| cÖv‣MwZnvwmK Kv‡jI gvbyl Mí ejZ| Mí
LÊRxebKvwnbxi ¶z`ªK_b| Rxeb-RxweKvi AwbwðwZi gy‡LI gvbyl Mí ejvi AvMÖn †cvlY
K‡i‡Q| †m ï‡b‡Q Ges e‡j‡Q cÖK…wZi wei ‡× wb‡Ri weR‡qi Mí, wkKvi-mÜvbx †Pv‡L
`ytmvnmx `yj©f AwfÁZvi Mí| †jvKgy‡Li Kíbvq iwPZ iƒcK_v, R‰‧Kvwnbx, †c․ivwYK
AvL¨vb gvby‡li Aeva ¯^vaxbwP‰‭vi nvw`©K cÖqvm| f~-fvi‡Z cÂZš¿, K_vmwirmvMi,
¯§„wZK_vmsMÖn, wnZc‡`k, RvZK Kvwnbx, †eZvjcÂweskwZ wecyj RbwcÖqZv AR©b K‡i|
Gme Kvwnbx wkïg‡b †hvMvq †hgb cwiZ…wß †Zgwb †jvKwk¶v ev †jvKPwiÎ wbg©v‡YI †hvMvq
Dò Aby‡cÖiYv| RMrRy‡o HwZn¨mg„× mKj RvwZB Mí-Kvwnbxi c~e©vci Dr‡m †c‡q‡Q
Drmvn-Aby‡cÖiYv-DÏxcbv| wb‡R‡K Rvbvi Acvi mwÜrmvq GK ai‡bi Avb‱Ì †m Dc‡fvM
K‡i‡Q Gme weewZ©Z Kvwnbx‡Z| Kvwnbxi cÖwZ AvKl©Y †_‡KB Rxe‡bi wewPÎ I m~²vwZm~²
mÜvbxcÖqvm M‡í wea„Z| AvaywbKKv‡j bMih‰¿Yvi cx‡VB †QvUM‡íi wbg©vY| Ges Zv cÖv‡P¨
bq cvðv‡Z¨| KviYwU ms‡¶‡c D‡jøL Kiv hvq, BD‡iv‡c †i‡bmuv-DËi Av‡jvKewZ©Kvq
e¨w³wRÁvmvi cÖmvi I weKv‡ki d‡j †h cywR‡Kw‱`ªK Drcv`b-m¤úK©Ñ ZviB djkÖ wZ|
Iwf‡ì †gUvg‡d©vwmm, †ev°vwPIi †WKv‡gib, Pmv‡ii K¨vb&Uvi‡ewi †Uj&m-G wewPÎgywL
RxebhvÎv wKsev we¯§qweg~p †h wbix¶Y cÖqvm †mLv‡bB †QvUM‡íi Dcv`vb cybM©wVZ nevi
my‡hvM †c‡q‡Q| cÖm½Z Pmvi, ië‡j, cÖ¯úvi †guwi‡gi †fZi w`‡q wbixw¶Z hyMh‰¿Yv ev
e¨w³i Awb‡`©k¨-AwbwðwZi DÏxcbv-Z…òv †QvUMí‡K Av‡jvi wbkvbv †`Lvj| cieZ©x‡Z
wbix¶vi iwk¥‡Z AviI cÖwZf~ n‡q DV‡jb wiPvW©mb, wW‡KÝ, d¬‡eqvi, Uj÷q, †MvwK©i g‡Zv
KvwnbxKviMY| G AbyK‚j †cÖiYv‡K‡‱`ª Rxe‡bi myL-`ytL-Avb‱`Kzj Qvwc‡q `ytmn
`ytLfvivµv‰‭ †QvUM‡íi bw‱`Z cmiv mvRvb GWMvi G¨vjvb †cv| Z‡e NUbvi bvUKxqZv,
Pwi‡Îi wb‡g©vN ev¯‭eZv, Mfxi Rxebm„wói cÖ‡Yv`bvq Kvwnbxi †h `„wó‡KvY •Zwi K‡ib
Ô†bK‡jmÕ iPwqZv †guvcvmvÑ Zv Awfbe Ges beZi w`Kwb‡`©kbv| †m c‡_B i k †jLK
Av‰‭b †PLf ggZ¡RwoZ fve-Hk¦h© hy³ K‡i Kvwnbx‡Z ùziY NUvb ¶gvmy‱ì Avkvev‡ì|
e¯‧Z Ggbme cix¶v-wbix¶vi †fZi w`‡q †QvUMí weewZ©Z I mv_©KZvi RM‡Z cv ivL‡j
weªwUk-evsjvi iex‱`ªbv_ cÙvcv‡ii gyLkªx A¼‡b †cv-†guvcvmv-†PLf-†MvwK©i wewkóZvq ZzwjZ
n‡Z m¶g nb| mxgvi g‡a¨ Amxg, L‡Êi g‡a¨ ALÊ gvbyl; A‰‭M©fxi cÖK…wZ‡Z wejxb n‡q
†hb inm¨gq-we¯§qKi Rxeb-mv_©KZvq ch©ewmZ nq| iex‱`ªM‡íi wk‡ívrKl© A‡bK
L¨vwZgvb cvðvZ¨ †jLKKz‡ji mgZzj¨ MY¨ n‡Z m¶g nq| wek¦mvwn‡ZÏ Zv •Zwi K‡i GK
wewkó cwigÊj|
120
†QvUMí GK wewkó euvK MÖnY K‡i wek kZ‡Ki cÖ_g wek¦h× y I i kwecø‡ei c_
a‡i| wek¦hy× Ges wecø‡ei i³m′vZ c‡_ •Zwi nj cÖ_vMZ I cÖwZwôZ g~j¨‡ev‡ai wech©q|
weÁv‡bi bZzb Avwe®‥v‡ii Avwke©v‡` gvbyl †hgb GKw`‡K bZzb cÖvYmÂvix n‡q DVj
Ab¨w`‡K eëüZ gviYv‡¯¿ m„wó nj bZzb Ac-†¶Î| WviDB‡bi weeZ©bev`-Awfe¨w³ev`,
Kvj© gvK©m-Gi e¯‧ev`, wmMgyÊ d«‡q‡Wi †h․bZË¡, mvgëv` gvbyl‡K bZzb wRÁvmvi gy‡LvgywL
†dj‡jv| e¨w³ wewea Uvbvc‡o‡b wbcwZZ nj| wewfb′ BRg-Av‡‱`vjb hy³ nj †`‡k †`‡k
gvby‡li bvbvwea Kg©Kv‡Êi m‡½| Gme Av‡jvob I AwfÁZvi gv‡S bZzb wP‰‭vm~Î iwPZ n‡j
nZvkvMÖ¯‭ gvby‡li g~j¨‡ev‡a `xwcZ n‡q DV‡jb wU. Gm. GwjqU| †cvÕo Rwgi wef~wZ
e¨w³gb‡K Kij cÖjyä| Be‡mb ev evb©vW kÕ-Gi †jLvi g‡aÏ a″wbZ nj eyw×gËvi
Avwj½b| Rxeb-wRÁvmvq hy³ nj Awfbe me cwigvR©bv| gvbyl †fZi I evwn‡ii kw³‡Z
Mfxi cÖjyäZvq Dw`Z nj, bvbvwea gZ‡f` I gZv`‡k© †m AvZ¥Rqx n‡q Rxeb‡K
fv‡jvevm‡Z cÖwZÁve× nj| mgvR I Drcv`b-m¤ú‡K©i e¨w³ wewea •ewk‡ó¨ cyuwRi DØ„Ë
gb¯‭‡Ë¡ evav coj| e¯‧Z gvbyl wb‡RB n‡q DVj Ck¦‡ii cÖwZØ‱Øx| Gici wØZxq wek¦h‡y ×i
AvMgbxevZ©vq AviI AvZ¼ I we¯§q Qwo‡q coj| AvYweK we‡ùviY-AvNv‡Z gvbweKZv
cybe©vi nj cÖk′we×| ZLb wek¦mf¨Zvi GK wea″¯‭ evYx wb‡q Dcw¯ Z n‡jb wewfb′ †jLK I
`vk©wbKMY| Ôwea″¯‭ †iv‡ì †XDÕ †e‡q G‡jb Ruv cj mv‡Î©, Avj‡eqvi K¨vgy, Avjev‡Z©v
†gvivwfqv, Av‡b©÷ †nwgsI‡q, DBwjqvg dKbvi, ewim cv¯‭vi‡bK, wcivb‡`‡jøv cÖgLy †jLK|
wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i cwiYwZ I g~j¨‡eva cÖvP¨-cvðv‡Zï A‡bK †jLK‡KB wewPÎgywL K‡i Zzjj|
`ywf©¶, Kv‡jvevRvwi, †fvM, †¶vf, jvÃbv, nZvkv e¨w³gvbyl‡K wPwýZ Kij Ab¨gvÎvq|
gvbeZvi mc‡¶ †cu․Qv‡jb †jLKMY| gvbeZvev`x n‡q gvbyl‡K Av¯ vq †div‡bvi cÖZ¨‡q
Míf~wgi `k©b iPbv Ki‡jb| †PLf-†MvwK©i g‡Zv GuivI cÖPÊ DÏxcbvq-`vqe×Zvq gvbeZvi
c‡¶ mvwnZ¨ iPbv Ki‡jb| Giƒc cwiKxY© cÖ‪Q`c‡U evsjv mvwnZÏ cøvweZ nj e¨vcKiƒ‡c|
wÎ‡kvËi mvwnZ¨ wKsev K‡jøv‡ji K‡jva″wb‡Z †R‡M DV‡jb †cÖ‡g‱`ª wgÎ, •kjRvb‱`
gy‡Lvcva¨vq, AwP‰‭¨Kzgvi †mb¸ß, gbxk NUK, ey×‡è emy, gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq, Zvivk¼i
e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq cÖg‡y Li Kvwj-Kjg| M„nwbf©i Mvn©¯ ¨‡cÖg c_vbyM ms¯‥vi I g~j¨‡eva A¯^xKvi
K‡i cyuwRi cÖ‡Kv‡c fvObgyLi mgvR cÖwZwew¤^Z nj Zv‡ì †jLvq| K_vmvwn‡Z¨ I KweZvq
cÖf~Z ¯^vZ‰¿¨ cwijw¶Z nj| •btm½¨ †PZbvi iƒcvq‡Y Kwe Rxebvb‱` `vk Avi fvObgyLi
mvg‰‭ AvL¨vi evZ©vq cÖwZwPwýZ nj Zvivk¼i e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi iPbv| `y¯  I eÂbvi cÖZxKx
fv¯î wbg©v‡Y iB‡jb K_v‡Kvwe` wef~wZf~lY e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq| Zuv‡ì iPbvq Rxe‡bi AwÜ-
mwÜi Abe`¨ we¯‭vi msNwUZ n‡jI bvMwiK aviYv, wbqwZ jvÃbv, AvKw¯§K AwfÁvb e¯‧wbô
I msnvi iƒc †c‡q‡Q †cÖ‡g‱`ª wg‡Îi M‡í| ejv hvq, `„wófw½‡Z wZwb mgvi‡mU gg wKsev
fvwR©wbqv Dj‡di mga©gx© | wewPÎ Rxeb, gvby‡li Av‰‭tm¤úK©, eªvZ¨-weËnxb gvbyl, kªgRxex
gvbyl, ivRbxwZ I ivR‣bwZK AwaKvi, g‰^‰‭i weivU n‡q †`Lv †`q †jLKM‡Yi iPbvq| wK‰‧
GKB m‡½ g‡bi A‰‭`©vn, •RweKZv, †h․bZv, kixix cÖe„wË I Zvi RwUjZv, †jvf, wnsmv,
†µva-Kvgbv-evmbv `ygi© n‡q I‡V evsjv M‡í| G‡¶‡Î cÖf~Z kw³kvjx RM`xk ¸ß (1886-
1957), †cÖgv¼zi AvZ_©x (1890-1964)-i Mí| wK¬b′, ¶wqòz, `xY© `y`©kv M‡í D‡V Av‡m|
GKB m‡½ Mífvlvq •Zwi nq cÖLi Rxeb`„wói wbi‡c¶ Awf‡lK| Rxe‡bi Mfxi ggZv‡KB
Zuviv ¯úk© K‡ib| Zuv‡ì wkí Rxe‡bi m‡½ m~² evZvei‡Y n‡q I‡V e¨wÄZ| e¨w³Rxeb‡K
D‡b¥vPb Ki‡Z wM‡q Zuviv wkíixwZ‡ZI Av‡bb bZzb `„wófw½| M‡íi Af¨‰‭‡i wkíxi
121
`„wófw½, wbg©vY-KvVv‡gv, MíK_b, PwiÎ-wbg©vY BZ¨vKvi me welq ev¯‭eZvi wbwi‡L PwKZ
n‡q I‡V| A‰‭K©_b (interior monologue), †PZbvi cÖevnixwZ (stream of
consciousness), iƒcK (allegory), we`ªƒc (satire), cwinvm (irony) †K․kjx
Dc¯ vcbvq cwi‡ewkZ nq| Z‡e cÖm½Z, M‡íi Rwg‡b gy³wbtk¦v‡m exRecb weªwUk-fvi‡Z
evOvwj gymjgv‡bi Rb¨ Lye mnR e¨vcvi wQj bv| ey‡R©vqv weKv‡ki cÖ‡Kvc G mgv‡R cÖej
bq; GQvov wesk kZvãxi Av_©-ivRbxwZK ev¯‭eZv wKsev mv¤cÖ`vwqK gb¯‭Ë¡ wbiƒwcZ
†`kfv‡M (1947 wLª.) c~e©-evsjvq mvgwóK iƒcvqY n‡q c‡o weK…Z, i³k~b¨MÖ¯‭| ZeyI gvwU-
gvby‡li D‪Q¡vm AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv †m mg‡qi †jLKiv| e½xq AÂ‡ji gymjgvb‡ì
cðvrc`Zv, `vwi`ª¨, mg‰^qx ag©vbyMZ¨ †h mvs¯‥…wZK ejq iPbv K‡i †mLv‡b evOvwj gymwjg
†jLK‡ì ms¯‥vigy³ wKsev gbbPP©vi c_ iPbv Ki‡ZI cÖf~Z mgq †j‡M hvq| d‡j M‡íi
ev¯‭eZvi Mob wefv‡MvËi †jLK‡ì GKUv †¶Î M‡o w`‡jI µgvMZ PP©vi cwigÊ‡jB Zv
weewa©Z n‡q‡Q| myZivs c~e©-evsjvi mvwnZ¨ evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨ AbyeZ©x n‡q I‡V|
evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi aviv

c~e©-evsjvi evOvwj gymjgvb Mí‡jLK evsjv mvwn‡Zï g~javivq MíiPbv ïi  K‡ib Pwjø‡ki
`k‡K| ZLbI cÖ_vMZ ms¯‥vi-AvPvi-g~j¨‡eva Zviv AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡ib wb| Z‡e
e¨w³gvbyl I mgv‡Ri Av‰‭tØ‱Ø µgk eûgvwÎK; wewPÎ n‡q DV‡Q| wkíxAvZ¥vi m‡½
mgvRbxwZi Ø‱Ø civf~Z bq| wK‰‧ kvgmy`&`xb Aveyj Kvjv‡gi kv‡nievby, Aveyj dR‡ji
gvwUi c„w_ex, Aveyj gbmyi Avng‡ì Avqbv, gvneye&-Dj Avj‡gi gwdRb, kv‡n` Avjxi
wReivB‡ji Wvbv, Avey Bmnv‡Ki gnvcZ½ GKUv mxgve×Zvi †fZ‡iB Pwjø‡ki MíwfwË
wbg©vY Ki‡Z _v‡K| wek¦hy×, A_©‣bwZK g‱`v, mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi AwfÁZv, DØv¯‧ mgm¨v,
•elg¨, `yb©xwZ Zuv‡ì mvwn‡ZÏ D‡V Avm‡Z _v‡K| ivóª, mvg‰‭ eë¯ vi cÖwZ‡iv‡ai gy‡LB
MíKviiv AvaywbK Rxeb`„wó •Zwi Ki‡Z m¶g nb| hwÌ Zv G‡jv‡g‡jv| AwfÁZvi nq bv
eûgywL cÖKvk| cÖvqk Kvwnbxe„‡Ë MwVZ n‡Z _v‡K GKB AveZ©| ZeyI Míe„Ë n‡q I‡V
wecyjfv‡e Avkvev`x| cÖZ¨¶ AwfÁZv Zuv‡ì M‡íi welq-wbg©v‡Y g‡bv‡hvMx K‡i †Zv‡jb|
cÖavbZ Pjgvb ev¯‭eZvi `„k¨gvb QweB D‡V Av‡m Zuv‡ì cUwP‡Î| Z‡e G MíwfwË‡ZB
cÂv‡ki •mq` kvgmyj nK, kIKZ Imgvb, kIKZ Avjx, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`,
†evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi, nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb, Avey i k`, ikx` Kixg cÖgLy †jLK ï×
Mífvlv wbg©vY Ki‡Z eªZx nb| evqvb′Õi AwfÁZv Avi iƒcv‰‭wiZ MÖvg I kni e¨w³i
g‡bvfw½‡Z †h cÖfve I cÖwZwµqv †d‡j‡Q Zvi ¯îƒc A‡‰¦lY Ri wi g‡b Ki‡jb G
MíKviiv| Zuv‡ì nv‡Z wewPÎfv‡e wbY©xZ n‡Z _v‡K ev¯‭eZvi PvjwPÎ| MYRxe‡bi AwaKvi,
Pvwn`v, wbcxob, wbh©vZ‡bi ¯îƒc I m~Îmg~n cwie¨vß n‡q I‡V| G AÂ‡ji f~wg-mswkøó
wbg′eM©; Zv‡ì nxb¤§b¨Zvi ms¯‥…wZ e¨wÄZ n‡Z _v‡K| Mífvlvi †fZ‡i wbi¼zk AwaKv‡ii
e¨w³‡K wbY©‡qi †Póv P‡j| wK‰‧ ïay ev¯‭ewfwËK RxebB †Zv Mí bq| hLb ev¯‭ecÖm~Z
Kíbvi iO Rxe‡bi mvgwMÖK A_©‡K Kvw‫¶‫‬Z K‡i †Zv‡j ZLbB wkíAvZ¥v cÖwZwôZ nq|
†mRb¨ g~j¨‡ev‡ai ej‡q wbwg©Z `„wó‡PZbv (point of view) Pwi‡Îi m¤¢ve¨ ¯îƒc‡K
wRÁvm¨ K‡i †Zv‡j| ZLb mgKvjxbZv‡K Qvwo‡q hvq mewKQy| mve©Rbxb iƒcwU cwiMÖn K‡i
Míkix‡i| hv n‡q I‡V wPivqZ `„wóm¤úb′| Z‡e ïay wbg′eM©B bq; ga¨weË Rxe‡bi RwUjZv,
†kªwY-cÖe„wË, ¯^we‡ivwaZv, ¯^v_©v‡‰^wl AvPiY, AvZ¥Z¨vMx g‡bve„wË, cwi‡kvwaZ Rxebwek¦vm
122
G‰‭vi wewea welqI evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í A‰‭fyw© ³ †c‡q hvq| we‡kl K‡i wefv‡MvËi c~e©-
evsjvi ivR‣bwZK Av‡‱`vjb, mvs¯‥…wZK AvZ¥cwiPq, A_©‣bwZK gyw³i †fZ‡i •Zwi nIqv
ga¨weË e¨w³i ¯îƒc Zvi Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ-†ivgvw‱UKZv-RvZxqZv‡eva-HK¨‡PZbv GKUv
¯^vqËkvwmZ Rxe‡bi cwie„Ë iPbv K‡i| †hUv A‡bK †jL‡Ki g‡a¨B cwijw¶Z nq|
†m‡¶‡Î evOvwj ga¨weË we¯‭…Z beZi Rxebex¶v †_‡K bZzb GKwU MífvlvI AvqË K‡i
†d‡jb| G ch©v‡q †KD †KD BwZnvmwfwËK, †KD ivR‣bwZK, †KDev MÖvgwfwËK welq-
Aej¤^x Mí †j‡Lb| m`¨ M‡o-IVv bMi, †mLvbKvi mvs¯‥…wZK I RvwZZvwË¡K cwiPq,
ga¨we‡Ëi ¯^c′-AvKv‫¶‫‬v Pwi‡Îi KvVv‡gv‡Z hy³ n‡Z _v‡K| Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq`, Rwni
ivqnvb, nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm cÖgLy MíKvi lv‡Ui Mímvwn‡Z¨ hy³
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hy³ K‡i Zvi †fZ‡i hy³ nq Av‰‭Rv© wZK dg©web¨vm| myiwiq¨vwjRg, wiqvwjRg, Aw¯‭Z¡ev`
Gme `„wófw½ †_‡K m„wó nq ¶wqòz PwiÎ|
i³¶qx gyw³hy× wb‡qI G aviviB A‡b‡KB Mí wj‡L‡Qb| gyw³hy‡×i †fZ‡ii †µva-
`gb-cxob-†kvlY-R¡vjvZb Gme ewn‡`©kxq welq n‡jI A‰‭cÖ©‡`‡ki µ‱`ba″wb,
wbivcËvnxbZv, `ywð‰‭vi welqMy‡jv fqvenZv wb‡q fvlvew‱` n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ KvwnbxKvi‡ì
Pig `ytmg‡qi g‡a¨ †_‡KI mshZ I wbwj©ßZvq ev¯‭ehy‡×i cUwPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|
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D‡V‡Q µ‚i-wnsmª| Z‡e G welq-Aej¤^x Mí †jLv †kl nqwb| †h gyw³hy× m„wó n‡qwQj
fvlvwfwËK RvZxqZvev`x †PZbv`‡k© Ges Zvi †fZi w`‡q †h AwR©Z ¯^‡`k †mLv‡b
gyw³hy‡×i Mí †jLv †kl nqwb| gyw³hy‡×i cÖZ¨¶ AwfÁZv wb‡q Mí †jLv Pj‡Q| gyw³hy‡×i
cÖRb¥ Mí †j‡L| cvV-AwfÁZvq cÖRb¥v‰‭‡i G welqK Mí †jLv Pj‡Q Ges Pj‡Z _vK‡e
m‡‱`n †bB| Ges G welqwUI wbwðZ cÖRb¥v‰‭‡ii M‡í †h gyw³hy× Avm‡e Zv AviI fqvZ© I
RwUj cÖKi‡Yi| KviY, cÖR‡b¥i cÖwZwµqv mgKvj‡K wN‡iB| †mLv‡b welqwU †hgbB †nvK-
bv †Kb!
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí weewa©Z n‡q‡Q ¯^vaxb †`k AR©‡bi ci| Acvi ¯^vaxbZv-
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wKQy nqwb| ev¯‭eZvi mZ¨wU †h Kídvby‡m ew‱` nq Zv AvKl©Yxq ev cÖvPzh©c~Y© bq| mË‡ii
`k‡K ¯^c′f½ N‡U| †m Kvi‡Y evsjv M‡íi g~javivi Abymvix MíKviiv ¯^Z‰¿ wfwËf~wg †c‡q
wb‡R‡ì Rb¥cwiP‡q bZzb Pvj I ixwZi A‰‭fyw© ³ NUv‡Z m¶g nb| †m †PZbv‡K AwaKZi
K‡i †Zv‡j cvwK¯‭v‡bi ivóªkw³i weiƒc I nxb¯^v_© ZrciZv| Zviv a‡g©i bv‡g,
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi bv‡g RvwZ‡Z¡i †PZbv‡K gy‡Q †dj‡Z D`¨Z n‡qwQj| evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨
cÖvYe‰‭ nq †m AcZrciZv‡K i ‡L ùvovevi wµqvKjv‡c| KviY, Zvi †fZ‡iB wbwnZ wQj
wb‡Ri AvZ¥cwiPq Ges cÖK…Z mvs¯‥…wZK †PZbvi kw³| d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi †Mvovi
ce©wU‡Z GKw`‡K †hgb AvZ¥¯  nq D`vi Amv¤cÖ`vwqK mvs¯‥…wZK Rxeb‡PZbvi ¯îƒcwU
Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb •ewk¦K cwigÊ‡ji m¤ú„³Zvi m~ÎwU| c~e©-evsjvi c~‡e©v³‡ì m‡½ •mq`
IqvjxDjøvn&i g‡Zv †jLK m¤ú„³ n‡q c‡ob| †mLv‡b µgvMZ evOvwj gymwjg †PZbvi ¯îƒc
ev wbi¼zk gvbe-ex¶vi ¯îƒcwU wPwýZ n‡Z _v‡K| Gici K‡qK `k‡Ki evsjv‡`‡ki
†QvUM‡íi hvÎvc_ AviI wecyj, wekvjvqZb| KviY cvwK¯‭vwb kvmb †_‡K MYgyw³i †cÖ¶vcU
Ges gyw³hy‡×i †fZi w`‡q ¯^vaxbZv AR©b| Gi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z †QvUM‡í hy³ n‡q‡Q A‡bK
123
welq-Avkq, MíKv‡ii `„wó‡PZbvq G‡m‡Q wewPÎ e‡Y©i †ckvi e¨w³ gvbyl| weei‡Y, K_‡b,
wbg©v‡Y K‚jcøvex wbix¶v hy³ n‡q‡Q| Aw¯ iZvi wek¦, ÔGKMÖv‡gÕ wek¦, GKgywL wek¦ Ges Zvi
hyMh‰¿Yv hy³ n‡q‡Q MíKvi‡ì ex¶‡Y| iƒcv‰‭‡ii †cÖ¶vc‡U ¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv‡`k
n‡q‡Q AviI `ytLKvZi| RxebhvÎv, Ae¶q, nZvkv, •bivk¨ †hgb hy³ n‡q‡Q †Zgwb Avkv-
¯^‡c′i cviveZI iwPZ n‡q‡Q| K‡c©v‡iU, cuywRev`x cÖwZwµqvkxj we‡k¦ •elg¨ †e‡o‡Q,
†fvMev` cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q wK‰‧ msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li fvM¨cwieZ©b nqwb| µgvMZ ewa©Z
Rbc‡` GKw`‡K cÖfy‡Z¡i gvÎv n‡q D‡V‡Q bvbvgywL, iv‡óªi †kªwYPwiÎ ùvwo‡q‡Q MYgvby‡li
wec‡¶ †Zgwb m‡PZbZv I we‡e‡Ki cwiPh©viI wewPÎ DÌvb N‡U‡Q| G cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z
wek¦ZvÊe‡KI Z…Zxq wek¦ Kg MÖnY K‡iwb| KviY, Aeva Z_¨cÖevn, wgwWqv wecøe, gy‡Vv‡dvb
e¨w³gvby‡li ¯îƒc‡K `ª ZZi cvwë‡q w`‡q‡Q| †fZ‡ii ¶Z, †µva, cvc †e‡o‡Q| •elg¨,
†fvMev`, c‡Y©vMÖvwdi ZrciZv evsjv‡`‡ki m`¨-¯^vaxbZvi myd‡ji c‡_ n‡q D‡V‡Q weivU
evav| weÁvbgb¯‥ bv-n‡q •eÁvwbK Dcv`vb eënv‡i e¨w³ †hb hvw‰¿K| djZ Zvi DËv‡cB
e¨w³ AvKÉ wbcwZZ| G Ae¯ vq mËi-Avwk-be″yB‡qi MíKviiv Kx Ki‡eb! Zuv‡ì
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cÖK…wZ‡Z BwZnv‡mi wbg©vZvB-ev n‡eb Kviv? BZ¨Kvi me e¨vL¨vq‡bi evZ©vq Avgv‡ì cÖvq
Aa©-kZvãxi evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi BwZnvm| cÖm½Z, G ch©v‡q cvðvZ¨ cÖfv‡ei m~ÎwUI
Avgv‡ì Avg‡j Avbv Ri wi|
M‡íi cÖeYZv I •ewkó¨

(K) mgvR‡PZbvag©x †QvUMí
mgvRwP‰‭v Z_v mgvRgb, mvgvwRK †kªwYweb¨vm‡K gyL¨ Ávb K‡i •Zwi n‡q‡Q A‡b‡Ki
MícøU| ms¯‥vi-Kzms¯‥vi, cuywRev`, cyi lZ‰¿, AvwacZ¨, †kvlY BZ¨vw` welq cÖf~Z cwigv‡Y
wkímÜvbx n‡q D‡V‡Q MíKviM‡Yi iPbvq| wek kZ‡Ki cÖ_g †_‡KB wek¦eë¯ vq hveZxq
iK‡gi cwieZ©b j¶ Kiv hvq| mgvR-mswkøó Ávb, ivR‣bwZK †PZbv, A_©‣bwZK ev¯‭eZv
gvby‡li gb¯‭‡Ë¡ bZzb hy³ nj| `y‡Uv wek¦hy× I fviZgyw³i HK¨ bZzb ms‡e`bv m„wó Kij|
GK ai‡bi e¨w³wP‰‭vI cÖf~Z n‡q I‡V| gvK©mxq I d«‡qWxq `k©b m¤ú‡K© †hgb Rvbv‡kvbv
evo‡Z _v‡K †Zgwb cvðvZ¨ Kwe‡jLK m¤cÖ`v‡qi cÖeYZv evOvwj g‡b AbymwÜrmv m„wó K‡i|
mvwn‡Z¨ we‡kl K‡i M‡í LÊwP‡Îi `„wó‡Kv‡Y †h PwiÎ I mgvRev¯‭eZv AvüZ n‡Z _v‡K Zv
mvg‰‭fw~ g ev mvg‰‭-g‡bvRM‡Z ¶q I fvO‡bi msev` †kvbvq| MícÖeYZvq MÖvgxY cÖwZ‡e‡ki
k¨vgj¯^‪Q Rxe‡bi e`‡j KK©k-wbg©g iƒ‡c D‡V Av‡m| m`¨-D`&hvwcZ bvMwiK Abyf~wZ,
†fvMwejvm, gh©v`v, wkw¶Z-gb¯‭Ë¡ Av‡eM-Abyiv‡M wewPÎ mÂvjb N‡U| mgvR‡PZbvag©x M‡í
cÖavbZ bZzb Av_©-mgvR AeKvVv‡gvi wPÎ wbiƒwcZ nq, cwiewZ©Z MÖvg I be¨cyuwRi †K‱`ª
bM‡ii RwUj wPÎ ewY©Z n‡Z _v‡K| cwiewZ©Z mgv‡R †jLKKz‡ji nv‡Z cÖK…wZ cvëvq,
cÖK…wZi cwi‡e‡k gvbyl e`jvq| ag©xq wP‰‭v Rxebhvc‡bi Awbevh© msMÖv‡g Vyb&‡Kv n‡q c‡o|
Kzms¯‥vi-K‚cgÊ~KZv D‡Ïk¨ ev AÜKv‡ii Av‪Qb′Zvq cÖejZi nq| KL‡bv-ev cÖ_vMZ
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bM‡i Rxebhvc‡b KZ `ª Z cwieZ©b nq Zv Aveyj gbmyi Avng`, kvgmy`&`xb Aveyj Kvjvg,
Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †P․ayix, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, Avey BmnvK, bvRgyj
124
Avjg, AveyeKei wmwÏK, AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, Kv‡qm Avn‡g`, kwn`yj Rwni, nwic`
`Ë, bvmixb Rvnvb, mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi cÖgLy MíKv‡ii iPbvq ¯úó nq| K_vKv‡ii fw½‡Z
ÔBbvi Iqvì©Õ ¸i Z¡ cvq µgk| gyw³hy‡×i c‡i A‰‭RM© ‡Zi cÖjyä I cÖeYZvmg~n
AvaywbKgvÎvq M„nxZ n‡Z _v‡K| gyw³hy×-c~e© I cieZ©xKv‡j †QvUMí A‡bK Dcv‡q euvK
cwieZ©b Ki‡Z m¶g nq| e¯‧Z mgvRwfwËi Av‡jv‡KB Zv AwR©Z I wbY©xZ| cÖeYZvq
mgvRwP‰‭v gyL¨ AvL¨v cvevi KviY, Av_©bxwZK ev¯‭eZv| †kªwY¯‭‡ii wewPÎ Uvbvc‡ob|
•elg¨-†kvlY-wb‡®úlY wewPÎiƒ‡c ch©ewmZ| G †kvlY ZrciZvq KL‡bv cvIqv hvq A¯‭wgZ
mvg‰‭ eë¯ vi cÖwZwbwa‡ì KL‡bv-ev ag©Z‡‰¿i Øviv KL‡bv-ev iv‡óªi †kªwYPwiÎ| ivóª
RbM‡Yi †meKiƒ‡c AvL¨v †c‡jI kvmb-AvBb-wePv‡i GK‡`k`wk©Zv I •elg¨ cwijw¶Z|
MYZ‰¿ ev †fvUvwaKv‡ii †fZi w`‡q e¨w³gyw³i cÖZ¨q-cÖwZkÖ wZ _vK‡jI Kvh©Z Zv
†kªwYPwi‡Îi gy‡Vvq ew‱`| †QvUM‡íi DwjøwLZ †jLKMY cÖvq cuvP`k‡K evsjv‡`‡ki Ggb wPÎ
A¼b Ki‡Z wM‡q †`wL‡q‡Qb ga¨weË Zvi Rxe‡bi iO cvwë‡q‡Q, wbg′weË wbg′Zi K‡qKwU
†kªwY‡Z ch©ewmZ, D‪PweË wejvme¨m‡b Db¥Ë| Avav-cuywRi m¤cÖmvi‡Y Avav-bvMwiK eë¯ v
M‡o IVv, MÖv‡gi AatcwZZ Rxe‡b ¶wqòz cÖfyZ¡-cwiKvVv‡gv GK ai‡bi d¨vKv‡k weeY©
i³k~b¨MÖ¯‭ mgvR iPbv K‡i| `vqe× wkíxi nv‡Z G mgvRwPÎ KL‡bv evB‡ii cÖwZwµqvq
M‡íi Kvwnbx‡Z MwVZ KL‡bv-ev A‰‭‡ii KówK¬b′ ev Ae`wgZ cÖevnixwZ‡Z wbwg©Z|
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi avivq wef~wZf~lY-Zvivk¼i-gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq g~j iƒ‡c Avmxb nb|
wefvM-cieZ©x evOvwj gymjgvbMY wek kZ‡Ki cÖ_gcv‡ì wewea cÖwZ‡iv‡a I wbix¶vq
ÔmvwnZ¨‡K Rxe‡b Rb¨Õ cÖwZcb′ Ki‡ZB ZvwM` Abyfe K‡ib| mgvR †mLv‡b g~j‡K‱`ª| Z‡e
b`xwe‡a․Z c~e©-evsjvq Rxeb-msMÖv‡gi †h LÊvwqZ iƒc Kvwnbxm~Î cvq Zv evsjv †QvUM‡íi
g~javiv Abym„Z| †mLv‡b wkí-D‪PZv `ye©j †h bq Zv bq, wK‰‧ cix¶v-wbix¶vq cÖwZ‡iv‡a-
msMÖv‡g fvO‡b-DÌv‡b A‡bK D¾¡j|
Aveyj gbmyi Avng` (1897-1979)

mvsevw`K wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv †c‡jI e¨½-we`ªƒcvZ¥K Mí iPbvq Aveyj gbmyi Avng`-Gi K…wZZ¡
Cl©Yxq| G cÖwµqvq wbwg©Z Mífvlvq Zuvi K…wZZ¡ Abe`¨| Avqbv (1935)i A‡bK M‡í Zuvi
mvwnZ¨KxwZ© cÖwm×| G MÖ‡‰ i Ôûhyi †KejvÕ, Ô†Mv-†ÌZv-Kv †`kÕ, Ôbv‡q‡e bexÕ, ÔjxWv‡i
KIgÕ, ÔgyRv‡nw`bÕ, Ôwe‡`ªvnx msNÕ, Ôag©ivR¨Õ Gme M‡í evOvwj gymwjg mgv‡Ri ag©xq fÊvwg,
cÖZviYv, Kzms¯‥vi †kølvZ¥K iƒc‣kjx wbwg©Z| evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í G cÖeYZvi Mí Kg †jLv
n‡q‡Q| KviY, Avgv‡ì mgv‡R ag©xq wek¦vm‡K cuywR K‡i cÖwZf~ e‡b hvIqv ev ivRbxwZ Kiv;
¯^v_©v‡‰^lx gvby‡li †fZi I evB‡ii AvPi‡Yi cv_©K¨ ev •ØZiƒc, mgv‡Ri †ZvlYbxwZ, Kzrmv
iUbv, Bmjv‡gi bv‡g AvaywbK wk¶vi we‡ivwaZv cyuwRev‡ì cÖwZwµqvkxj mgv‡R Pjgvb|
Zuvi M‡íi PwiÎ Ges Aven †hb mgKv‡ji ev¯‭e iƒc| hyMwPwýZ G mgm¨v‡K Aveyj gbmyi
Avng` †`‡L‡Qb G‡Kev‡i wè¨‡PZbvq| wkíxi `¶Zvq Zuvi Kvwnbx‡iLvq mgvRïw×i evZ©v
†hb wbcyY Ges cÖvY¯úa©x| G RvqMvq Ômgv‡Ri Rb¨ wkíÕ mZ¨wU Zvi mvwn‡Z¨‡¶‡Î cÖwZôv
†c‡q hvq| Ô†Kv‡bv m‡‱`n †bB, gymwjg mvwnwZ¨K‡ì g‡a¨ e¨½M‡í BwbB †kªô| mvwnZ¨‡K
Mfxifv‡e KL‡bv MÖnY K‡ibwb, d‡j Zuvi iPbvi msL¨vq Aí| Zuvi A‰‭`„©wó cÖLi, mgvR‡eva
Mfxi, fvlv Zx¶è †kø‡l ¶ziavi| Avqbv I dzW Kbdv‡iÝ bvgK MÖ‰ Øq m‡‱`nvZxZfv‡e mgMÖ
evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ms‡hvRb| Avqbvi f~wgKv wjL‡Z wM‡q bRi j e‡jwQ‡jb †h,
125
ÔZuvi e¨‡½i nvwmi wcQ‡b †h AkÖ  Av‡Q, †m-Kvg‡oi wcQ‡b †h ì` Av‡Q, Zv huviv ai‡Z
cvi‡eb, Aveyj gbmy‡ii e¨‡½i mwZ¨Kvi i‡mvcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡eb ZuvivB|Õ Zuvi Ab¨vb¨
MíMÖ‰  dzW Kbdv‡iÝ (1944), Avmgvbx c`©v (1964)|
Ave`yj Mvddvi †PŠayix (R. 1934)

mvZPwjøk-cieZ©x †QvUMí-wbg©v‡Y Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †P․ayix Abe`¨ n‡q I‡Vb fvlvi ¯^vqË¸Y
I cÖfv‡ei Kvi‡Y| ¯^Ztù~Z© Zuvi Míejv| mgvRfvOb cÖwZa″wbZ Zuvi M‡í| ga¨weË
e¨w³‡K †K‱`ª K‡i, ¶wqòz-¯úw‱`Z-`ywe©ln cÖwZwµqvq Av‪Qb′ KvwnbxcxV| Mvd&dvi †P․ayix
fOyi mvg‰‭-mgv‡Ri cÖwZwPÎ A¼b K‡ib, GRb¨ Zuvi fvlv †ivgvw‱UK, mvejxj| gv‡S gv‡S
Zv cÖZxKxI n‡q I‡V| Z‡e M‡íi cvV ïay Rxe‡bi PvjwPÎB bq, †fZ‡ii kw³ I
m¤¢vebviI D‡b¥vPb| Zuvi PwiÎfvlv evB‡ii NUbvcÖevn‡K aviY K‡i| e¨wZµgx ù~wZ©
cwijw¶Z gh©v`vc~Y© I mgvRmZ¨fvl‡Y| mgvRmv‡c¶ A‰‭`„©wó Zvi cÖavb welq| †mRb¨
PwiÎ‡K Av`k©vwqZ K‡ib bv wZwb| cÖZx¶v I m¤¢vebvi †fZ‡i Ø‱Ø I fvOPzi P‡j Pwi‡Îi|
G‡¶‡Î Zuvi M„nxZ eqbixwZ wefv‡MvËi Ab¨vb¨ †jL‡Ki b¨vq cÖ_vbyM| K_‡Ki eY©bvq
ÔmgªvUÕ c~Y©v½iƒ‡c mvg‰‭kw³msnZ| cyuwRi `vc‡U mgªv‡Ui mvg‰‭‡R․jym Awbevh©fv‡e
wbe©vwcZ| wK‰‧ cÖej e¨w³‡Z¡i `vcU I A‰‭‡ii Ans-G †m civ¯‭ n‡Z †hgb Pvq bv †Zgwb
cyuwRi AvMg‡b m¤¢ve¨ wew‪Qb′Zv‡KI †m †g‡b wb‡Z Pvq bv| †jLK `¶Zvi m‡½ ewne©v¯‭e
PvjwPÎwU A¼b Ki‡jI †cÖ¶Y`„wó‡Z †fZ‡ii ¶q I A‣bK¨‡K mshZ Ges †hvM¨Zvi m‡½
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Giƒc wb‡g©vn ev¯‭eZv A¼‡b Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †P․ayix wfb′ •ewk‡óï AwaKvix|
cÂv‡ki Ab¨Zg G ¯^ícÖR MíKvi fOyi mvg‰‭-mgvR wbg©v‡Yi cw_K…r wkíx| Zuvi K…òc¶
(1336), mgªv‡Ui Qwe (1959), my›ì †n my›ì (1960) RbwcÖq Mí|
bvRgyj Avjg (R. 1927)

Zz‡Lvo MíKvi wK‰‧ Dcb¨vm-bvUKI †j‡Lb| g‡bvgy»Ki Mífvlv| GK ai‡bi wnZev`
cÖwZwôZ Zuvi M‡í| cÖZviK, we‡eKewR©Z, K…ZN′ Ggb wewPÎ PwiÎ‡K Zz‡j Av‡bb| GRb¨
ev¯‭eeyw×i K¨vbfv‡m civev¯‭e ev G·‡cÖkwb÷ Avw½‡Ki cÖ‡qvM NUvb wZwb| f~wg-gvwUi
gvby‡li R½gZv, ev¯‭eZv, msMÖvg-ms¶zäZv Av‡m wè¨‡PZbvq| evOvwj gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨
Ggb ev¯‭eev`x MíKvi weij| Mí-cwi‡ek Avi Pwi‡Îi ûsKvi †hb †Kvg‡j-K‡Vv‡i wfb′
GK Rxeb-exYviZ| Zuvi ÔevwRÕ M‡íi wgbnvR †e․ AvwZqv‡K Ry‡qvq evwR ai‡j †n‡i hvq,
ZLb †¶vf-Awfgvb-e¨_©Zvq M‡íi cwimgvwß cÖYqweivMvwkªZiƒ‡c : ÔwgbnvR aiv Mjvq e‡j,
GB fi muvS‡ejvq KB hvm AvZy? †mvbvKw‱ì R½‡j A‡bK mvc‡Lvc, R‰‧-Rv‡bvqvi|Õ
AvwZqv AùzU ¯^‡i e‡j, Zviv gvby‡li †P‡q A‡bK fvjv, †eBgvwb K‡i bv| e‡j gvwU‡Z
Avevi GK`jv _y_y †d‡j cvbyi nvZ a‡i †mvbvKvw‱ì R½‡ji w`‡K cv evovq|Õ `¶
MíKv‡ii Ggb wUªU‡g‱U mgvRNwbô, Av‡eMiwÄZ| Zuvi Mífvlvi eybwb c„_K †gRv‡Ri,
†hLv‡b Rxeb Avi ev¯‭‡ei meUvB wbg©gZv w`‡q †Niv| Zuvi MÖ‰  : GKwU APj Avwb (1966),
Dcw¯’Z myaxgÊjx (1978), cvÊywjwc I Mqbvi ev· (1970), ¯^wbe©vwPZ Mí (1978),
ey‡bve„wó (1984), wb‡Ri evwo (1988) cÖf„wZ|
126
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` (1932-2009)
Ô¯^vaxbZvi c‡i cÂv‡ki `k‡K c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡bi mvwn‡Zï cvjve`j N‡U| KwZcq bexb gyL
Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨RM‡Z †`Lv †`q; ZuvivB GLv‡b AvaywbKZv‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡ib Zuv‡ì Mí
KweZvq Dcb¨v‡m| AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` †mB cÂv‡ki †Mvôxi GK Ab¨Zg bvg| cÖ_g
†_‡KB wZwb mgvRm‡PZb wkíx| Avgv‡ì mgvRweb¨v‡m †h †kªwYmsMÖvg cÖwZwbqZ bvbv
Kvi‡Y NU‡Q wZwb Zvi wbôvevb fvl¨Kvi| Zuvi cÖ_g w`‡Ki iPbv‡Z †kªwYmsMÖvg †_‡K D ¢~Z
wek¦v‡mi cÖwZdjb Av‡Q| Kvwnbxi cUf~wg wn‡m‡e wZwb KL‡bv kni †e‡Q †bb KL‡bv MÖvg|
wK‰‧ Dfq †¶‡ÎB ¯úó j¶ Kiv hvq †h, MYRxe‡bi m‡½ ms‡hvMB Zuvi Avmj g~jab; Dfq
†¶‡ÎB ga¨weË, wbg′weË wKsev weËnxb ew¯‭evmx gvbyl I Zv‡ì msmvi Zuvi Kvwnbxi DcRxe¨
nq| mvwnZ¨K‡g© me©`v wZwb Abjm| Mí, Dcb¨vm, KweZv, cÖeÜÑmvwn‡Zï me kvLvq Zuvi
MwZwewa|Õ mgvRm‡PZb `„wó weivRgvb _vK‡jI mÜvb K‡i‡Qb wewPÎ gvby‡li •ewPÎ¨gq
g‡bvRMr| G‡¶‡Î `xN© mgq †h AwfÁZvi ga¨ w`‡q wZwb GwM‡q‡Qb‭†mLv‡b µg-DËiY
N‡U‡Q Zuvi M‡íi cÖKi‡Yi| cv‡ë‡Q fvlvixwZ; hy³ n‡q‡Q weeZ©‡bi gvÎv| Z‡e mgvR-
cÖeYZvi M‡íB Zuvi wkíFw× I cÖwZôv D‪Pbv`x| Mífye‡bi cÖ`k©‡Ki f~wgKv †nvK wKsev
wkí¸‡Yi Awbevh©ZvB †nvK AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` †h fvlvixwZ cÖ_g K‡qKwU M‡í †hfv‡e
Kv‡qg K‡i‡Qb Zv Avi gy‡Q hvqwb| GLbKvi A‡bK M‡íI MíKvi GKB †K․k‡j cyY¨vZ¥v|
ÔavbKb¨vÕq wbQK ga¨weË Av‡e‡Mi Mí n‡jI †cÖgvZ¥vi wkniY, `vqe×Zv, we‡eK`nb
avbKb¨vi †ùv‡n weivRgvb| cÖ_ve×Zv GKUv ch©v‡q _vK‡jI wkíkw³Uv †Pbv hvq fvlvi
Kvi Kv‡h©| †MvôxMZ kã, †kªwYMZ †PZbv I AvPvi, ag©vbyl½, †cÖg cÖf„wZ welq mgvR‡¶Î
ch©‡e¶‡Y PvwjZ| Gi †fZ‡iB Mí‣kjx‡Z evav c‡o hveZxq evÃbv| Z‡e Zuvi G
wkífvlvwbg©vY Avgv‡ì mgvR I mgq‡K K‡i †Zv‡j we‡kl Awbevh©Zvq Av‪Qb′| ÔÑZzB Lvwj
i³ evi KiwQ‡j, Lyb Ki‡Z cvim bvB| GKUv gvb&‡m‡i Lyb Kiv wK LyeB k³|Õ avbKb¨vi
g‡Zv Ab¨vb¨ M‡íI Ggb cÖ‡Yv`bv RwoZ| †R‡M AvwQ (1950), avbKb¨v (1951), g„Mbvwf
(1953), AÜKvi wmuwo (1958), DRvb Zi‡½ (1962), hLb •mKZ (1967), Avgvi i³
¯^cœ Avgvi (1975), Rxeb Rwgb (1988), wbe©vwPZ Mí (1985), g‡bvbxZ Mí (1987),
†kªô Mí (1987), †kªô †QvUMí (1999) Gme M‡íi wewPÎ kªgx gvbyl mgvR-cwimi‡K
eyS‡Z †hgb mnvqZv K‡i †Zgwb n‡q I‡V wicyi wb‱`v-cÖksmvi KxwZ©‡Z c~Y©v½ gvbyl| ZeyI
ej‡Z nq `xN© Rxe‡b AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` Av`¨v‰‭ mvwn‡Z¨ _vK‡jI gyw³hy‡×vËi
evsjv‡`‡k Lye †ewk fv‡jv Mí †j‡Lbbwb| Z‡e cÖavbZ MÖvgxY c‡Ui A‡bK M‡íB wZwb
weivRgvb| †m Abylw½ AvÂwjK fvlvI Zuvi M‡í `ª ZZv cvq|
kvgmy`&`xb Aveyj Kvjvg (1926-1997)

evOvwj gymwjg †jLKM‡Yi cÖviw¤¢K ce©wU kvgmy`&`xb Aveyj Kvjv‡gi Avw½‡K weivRgvb|
†`kxq †PZbvq Z¨vMx I `vqe× K_vKvi kvgmy`&`xb Aveyj Kvjvg| wefvM-c~e© mg‡q Zuvi
weL¨vZ Mí kv‡nievby (1945), †hLv‡b weËnxb gvbyl ewY©Z| gymwjg Rxe‡bi ms¯‥vi,
cÖwZeÜKZv Míweei‡Y wea„Z| †jL‡Ki wel‡q `wi`ª RxebvMÖn Ges Zv‡ì msMÖvgB cÖvavb¨|
eY©bvi wP‡Î †g‡j b`xwe‡a․Z evsjvi wPivqZ cÖK…wZ| Abycg cÖK…wZi m‡½ †hb wg‡j‡Q `ye©n
I msMÖvgx gvby‡li Aw¯‭‡Z¡i msMÖvg| `w¶Y AÂ‡ji RxebvMÖ‡ni GKwU c~Y©vqZ iƒc
kvgmy`&`xb Aveyj Kvjv‡gi †jLvq Ab¨Zg Aw‰^ó| †jL‡Ki cÖeYZvwUI †m Avw½‡K weiwPZ|
127
cÖwZK‚j cÖK…wZi wei ‡× msMÖvgF× gvby‡li ¯^c′-AvKv‫¶‫‬v wPwýZ Ki‡Z wM‡q Rxe‡bi
†fZ‡ii iO¸‡jv wPwb‡q w`‡Z m¶g nb †jLK| G‡¶‡Î Zuvi cÖeYZv Rxebev`x mZ¨‡K
A‡gvNiƒ‡c cÖwZwôZ Kiv| G †jLK c~e©eZ©x gvbeZvev`x ev cÖMwZev`x avivq we`¨gvb †_‡K
c~e©-evsjvi gvbwP‡Î be¨ `„wó‡KvY cÖwZôv Ki‡Z m¶g nb| `w¶‡Yi AvÂwjK gvby‡li
msMÖvgex¶vB Zuvi cÖavb Kg©KvÊ| gymwjg RxebwPÎ A¼‡b G‡°ev‡i cÖviw¤¢K ch©vqwU ¯úk©
Ki‡Qb wZwb| cÖPwjZ mgvReë¯ vi Øvw‱ØK AeqewU Zuvi iPbvq ¶xY‡Zvqv, cÖ‪Qb′| wK‰‧
gymjgvb‡ì †fZ‡ii ms¯‥vi I wØav KvwU‡q DV‡Z wKQyUv Avw½K-wbix·viI cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb
wZwb| Z‡e MímsL¨v K‡qKwU n‡jI Zuvi iPbvq ¸YMZ DrKl© †Zgb N‡Uwb| cøU `ye©j,
Kvwnbxi cybive„wË Av‡Q, Mífvlv Avoó| Z‡e Gi g‡a¨ c_ Rvbv †bB (1948) AvKl©Yxq
iPbv| MÖvg wKsev Zvi mvg‰‭-¶q †jL‡Ki Pwi‡Îi mvwe©K wPÎ| mvwe©K `w¶Y evsjvi gvby‡li
mij RxebwPÎ Aw¼Z| GKw`‡K gvbyl I cÖK…wZi mgwfe¨nvi Ab¨w`‡K Zvi •ewiiƒc
e¯‧wbôfv‡e wea„Z| †m Kvi‡Y cÖKiYI wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q AvÂwjK fvlvq| evsjv‡`‡ki Míavivq
G ixwZ A‡bKUvB mvdj¨ †c‡q‡Q| wKQy mdj M‡íi Rb¨ kvgmy`&`xb Aveyj Kvjvg mvdjÏ
†c‡q‡Qb| †m ch©‡e¶‡YB evsjv‡`‡ki M‡í Zuvi cÖfveI cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| A‡bK w`‡bi
Avkv (1949), †XD (1953), `yB ü`‡qi Zxi (1955), cuyB Wvwj‡gi Kve¨ (1953) Zuvi
Ab¨vb¨ MíMÖ‰ |
Avey BmnvK (1926-2000)

Avey BmnvK kw³kvjx MíKvi| wefvM-cieZ©x mg‡qi cy‡ivav e¨w³Z¡ wZwb| M‡íi cø‡U
cÖavbZ mvgwRK-ag©xq Kzms¯‥vi cÖPÊZv cvq| Z‡e mvg‰‭ mgv‡Ri ¶wqòz iƒcwU cÖfvewe¯‭
vix| cÖKwUZ iƒ‡c iwPZ nv‡ig MíMÖ‰ | cÖKiY mgvRf~wgmÄvZ| Mífvlvi Zx¶èax Aven;
cÖ_vMZ a‡g©i fÊvwg-cxicÖ_v-Kómwnòz kªgx gvby‡li †kvlY-mb′a¨ ZrciZv wbiƒwcZ| Avey
Bmnv‡Ki wkí-b‱`‡b †Ku‡c I‡V MÖvgxY mvg‰‭-`¯‭v‡eR| ÔAvgx‡ii gy‡L †g‡nievwb n‡q‡Q
AvR| G †g‡nievwb me mg‡q nq bv| ZLb euv`x‡ì wngwkg †L‡q †h‡Z nq| ¯ vb, Kvj
Avi Avgx‡ii †gRvR ey‡S cvbxq cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z nq Zv‡ì| GKUz Gw`K-Iw`K n‡j ïb‡Z
nq Kj‡R Kuvcv agK| Avi hw` Wvnv fyj K‡i e‡m †KD, Z‡e Zvi i¶v †bB| wkkgnj
†_‡K e`wj K‡i Zv‡K cvwV‡q †Ìqv n‡e †eIqvgn‡j A_ev LvwiRvgn‡ji welv`cyix‡Z|Õ
Ô†RvKÕ M‡íI †RuvKmg Rwg`vi Iqv‡R` †P․ayixi wei ‡× K…lK Imgvb-KwigMvRx ÔZvi
wQwg‡q cov i³ †R‡M I‡V| Mv Svov w`‡q †m e‡jÑ n Pj| i³ PzBl¨v LvB‡Q| ARg Ki‡Z
w`gy bv, hv _v‡K Kcv‡j|Õ Avey Bmnv‡Ki M‡íi Rwg`viwPÎ‡Yi cvkvcvwk msjv‡c-wba©vwiZ
Zvi cÖvw‰‭K, †kvlKPwiÎ| wefvM-cieZ©x Míavivq G `„wó‡KvY bZzb Ges cÖfvweZ| msMÖv‡g-
ms¶zä µz×e¨w³i Øvw‱ØK cUwPÎ, •elg¨g~jK mgvR-wba©viYwP‰‭vq A‡bKUv `~imÂvix|
MÖvgRxe‡bi cUf~‡g Zuvi MíMÖ‰  nv‡ig (1962), gnvcZ½ (1963)|
kv‡n` Avjx (1925-2001)

eY©bvZ¥K msnZ Uv‡bi Mí kv‡n` Avjxi wRivB‡ji Wvbv (1953)| GB GKwU MíMÖ‡‰ i Rb¨
wZwb mywew`Z| G MíMÖ‡‰  ÔIB †h bxj AvKvkÕ, Ôdmj †Zvgvi KvwnbxÕ, Ôbvbxi Bb&‡ZKvjÕ,
ÔwReivB‡ji WvbvÕ, ÔG‡jv‡g‡jvÕ, Ô†cvov gvwUi MÜ AZmxÕ Mí weivRgvb| wefvMc‡e© evOvwj
gymjgvb mgv‡Ri cwievi wbMÖn, hvwcZ Rxeb wKsev e¨w³i cvi¯úwiK wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva
128
wkwíZ n‡q D‡V Av‡m| hveZxq ms¯‥v‡ii E‡a″© D‡V Bnev`x wek¦v‡m †cÖg-AbyivM ev gymwjg
cvwievwiK wek¦v‡mi †¶ÎwU cÖ¯‧Z K‡ib †jLK| GRb¨ evOvwj gymwjg mgvRRxe‡bi fvlvwU
mvg~wnK m‡PZbZvq †hgb `„pZv cvq †Zgwb mgKvj wea„Z wPivqZ ms¯‥…wZi avivwUI
wbf©iZvq c~Y© n‡q I‡V| G‡¶‡Î kv‡n` Avjx wbi¼zk gvbeZvev`B cÖwZôv K‡ib Zuvi
†jLvq| Ô`xN©Kvj hveZ Mí wj‡L Avm‡Qb, wK‰‧ Zuvi Mí msL¨vq Lye †ewk bq| gvbwmKZvi
w`K †_‡K wZwb dii L Avng`, Zvwjg †nv‡mb cÖg‡y Li mgag©x| d‡j Aviwe-dviwm k‡ãi
h‡_‪Q A‡h․w³K eënvi Zuvi AwaKvsk M‡íi wkíim ¶zY′ K‡i‡Q| wZwb MÖvgevsjvi h_vh_
wPÎ‡Y AvMÖnkxj; wK‰‧ Zuvi fvlv eënv‡ii Rb¨ Zv Av‡e`‡b Zx¶è n‡Z cv‡i bv| gnvKv‡ji
cvLbvq MíwU cø‡Ui w`K †_‡K DrK…ó Ges kv‡n` Avjxi Kíbv fvebvi cwiPq †`q; wK‰‧ Zv
m‡Ë¡I MíwUi m¤¢vebv †h e¨nZ n‡q‡Q Zvi KviY AKviY Avwìm I `ye©j fvlv eënvi|
Aek¨ G‡Z †Kv‡bvB m‡‱`n †bB †h, GLbKvi cÖexY MíKvi‡ì wZwb Ab¨Zg|Õ Zuvi Ab¨
MíMÖ‰  GKB mgZ‡j (1963), kvÕbhi (1986), AZxZ iv‡Zi Kvwnbx (1986), Agi
Kvwnbx (1987)|
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK (R. 1939)

evsjv‡`‡ki wewkó MíKvi nvmvb AvwRRyj nK| Zuvi M‡í ivpe½-cÖK…wZ PgrKvi †iLvwP‡Î
cwi‡ewkZ| cÖ_g MÖ‰  mgy‡`ªi ¯^cœ I kx‡Zi AiY¨ (1964)i Ô¸YxbÕ, Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ,
ÔkKzbÕ, ÔZ…òvÕ Gm‡e i ¶ ivp I cÖwZ‡ivax cÖK…wZ cÖwZdwjZ| †jL‡Ki cÖK…wZi eY©bvq
wbwnZv_© Rxeb eo ewÂZ, `ywe©ln| MÖvgxY c‡U wea„Z AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ (1967),
Rxeb N‡l Av¸b (1985)i Mí¸‡jv| †jL‡Ki gyw³hy×wfwËK MíMÖ‰  bvgnxb †MvÎnxb
(1975), Avgiv A‡c¶v KiwQ (1989), †iv‡` hv‡ev (1995)| GQvov cvZv‡j nvmcvZv‡j
(1981), gv †g‡qi msmv‡i (1997) MíMÖ‡‰ i g‡aÏ wbg©g Rxebfvl¨ Aw¼Z| nvmvb
AvwRRyj n‡Ki Mí nIqvi c_wU wbwg©Z nq wecyj Rxe‡bi gvnv‡Z¥¨, Kvh©KviY m¤ú‡K©i
†fZi w`‡q| D‡V Av‡m hveZxq ms¯‥vi-Kzms¯‥vi-msMÖvg-cÖwZ‡iv‡ai QvqvwPÎ| Zuvi Dcgv-
wbe©vPb KK©k, gg©wPwýZ, Zx¶èax| ÔGLb wb`©q kxZKvj, VvÊv bvg‡Q, wng Avi Puv` dz‡U Av‡Q
bvi‡Kj Mv‡Qi gv_vq| Aí evZv‡m GKUv eo Kjvi cvZv GKevi eyK †`Lvq GKevi wcV
†`Lvq|Õ Giƒc eY©bvq mvg~wnK ev¯‭eZv †kªwY¯‭i-Aej¤^x n‡q I‡V| Zuvi msjv‡ci `„pZv
cwijw¶Z nq †kªwY‡PZbvi g‡g©, iwPZ cU‡iLvq _v‡K Rxebev`x cÖ‡Yv`bv| Abyf~wZi †Quvqvq
ivp i³v¤î Aay¨wlZ w`M‰‭‡gLjv my‱`‡ii cÖwZgvq Aw¼Z| †gavi m~P¨‡MÖ ew‱` e¨w³PwiÎ|
e½xq ms¯‥…wZi †fZ‡ii cÖvY‡fvgiv‡K ¯úk© K‡ib †jLK| †mLv‡b iv‡óªi †kvlY I
†kªwYPwi‡Îi f~wgKv, cÖvw‰‭K gvby‡li cÖ_vMZ wek¦vm-ms¯‥v‡i AvNvZ nv‡bb †m cwinvmwcÖqZvq
ewÂZ gvby‡li Aw¯‭‡Z¡i D‪PviYB eo n‡q I‡V| cÖZxKvq‡b e¨w³i msMÖvg I Ø‡‱Øi ¯îƒcwU
wbe©vwPZ nq| mvwn‡Z¨ †`k-mgvR-e¨w³i `vq‡K Gfv‡eB Zz‡j a‡ib wZwb| †mLv‡b M‡íi
AvenwU Nb iO‡qi, K_‡Ki K‡_vcK_b cÖqv‡m PwiÎvbyM e¯‧wbôZvq Kvh©KviY cÖqvmwfwË
wbwg©Z nq| M‡íi b‱`bf~‡g ¯^c′vweó, ag©fxi  Av‪Qb′ gvby‡li RxebPwiZ D‡b¥vwPZ nq| ZLb
fvlvi cÖ‡Kv‡c we× nq PwiÎ; Zvi cÖwZ‡iva Avi cÖwZK‚jZvq D‡V Av‡m cÖengvb mgvR,
Rxeb jvf K‡i Aegyw³| MíKv‡ii Mí ZLb we¯‭…wZ cvq cvVK cwimxgvq| †mRb¨ wbQK
Mí bq ev Míi‡m AvcøyZ Kiv bq Mí ejvi †fZi w`‡q wZwb cÖwZwµqvkxj mgvR I e¨w³i
msMÖvg ev Aegyw³i cÖ‡¶cYwU Zz‡j a‡ib| †mLv‡b nvmvb AvwRRyj nK Avcmnxb| fw½‡ZB
129
M‡íi cÖvqwðË wbwðZ K‡ib wZwb| evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ Abe`¨ MíKvi wn‡m‡e wZwb
cÖwZwôZ| Z‡e `xN©vqZ MíPP©vq Zuvi µg-weeZ©b N‡U‡Q| M‡íi †fZi w`‡q cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
cÖeZ©bvwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q mgKvj‡K wN‡i| mvgvwRK `vq‡ev‡a AvaywbKZvi hveZxq Mij I
K‚‣Ulv aviY K‡i Zuvi Mí| evsjv‡`‡ki Míavivq wfb′ GK cÖeYZvi Rb¥ w`‡q‡Qb wZwb|
Zuvi wbe©vwPZ Mí (1987), ivpe‡½i Mí (1991), nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki †kªô Mí (1995)
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
AveyeKi wmwÏK (R. 1934)

Kwe¯^fv‡e cÖv‰‭eZ©x gvby‡li Mí e‡j‡Qb AveyeKi wmwÏK| wK‰‧ Kvwnbx MZvbyMwZK bq, cÖv‰‭
¯úk©x, A‰‭e©v¯‭eZvq FRy, `„pcÖ¯‭vebvq cÖ`xß, †iwcøKv Sjg‡j| `ywe©bxZ Zuvi fvl¨| MíMÖ‡‰ i
bv‡gI †m cÖKvkwU wbwnZ| ÔKvwnbxi m~PbvcU ev`vi Mv‡Nulv Pi GjvKv| GB me `yM©g Pi
†hgb `y‡f©`¨ e‡b AvKxY©, †Zgwb `y¯‭i b`xLv‡j we`xY©| e‡bi ¯‭‡i ¯‭‡i Avw`g in‡mï RvjÕ‭
Gfv‡e ïi  n‡j cUwPÎ †hgb Aby‡gq n‡q I‡V †Zgwb cÖvß PwiÎ, Zvi DËiY, †Kvg‡j-
K‡Vv‡i Aviƒp iƒc A¯úó _v‡K bv| A‰‭gw©y L cÖeYZvq e¨w³ wK‰‧ †m e¨w³ fuyB‡duvo bq,
ivRbxwZ cwimªyZ, †kªwYPwiÎ msÁv_©cÖm~Z| wK‰‧ cÖejiƒ‡c Rxebev`x, Avb‱`-AvKv‫¶‫‬vq
R½gx| wK‰‧ GK RvqMvq ùvovb bv AveyeKi wmwÏK, Ôf~wgnxb †`kÕ ejvi ci QvqvcÖavb
AvNÖvb `y`©v‰‭iƒ‡c AwZµgx| G‡Kev‡i †gRv‡R, cÖZx¶vq-cwieZ©‡b Avjv`v| Mí-BwZnv‡m
Gi ci Zuvi ¯úk© Ônsmfvmxi ZxiÕ Ges ÔKv‡jvKz¤¢xiÕ-G| cwi®‥vi Zuvi GwbK‡W․U †mwUB
fvlv‡K †¶‡c †Zv‡j| †UwjsI _v‡K cÖ¯‧Z| MíKv‡ii KweKvgbvq gvbyl wbQK `„k¨c‡Ui
evZvei‡Y _vKv bq; Zv G‡Kev‡i †fZ‡ii `y`©v‰‭, Awbi ×-Awb‡gl ev¯‭eZvq Bw½Zen gvÎv
AR©b K‡i| d‡j Zvi Zvcvbj wba©vwiZ _v‡K wZh©K e¨½, †køl, i½ wKsev cwinvmwcÖqZvq|
AveyeKi wmwÏ‡Ki G ï× I kvjxb cÖeYZv mgvR Dc‡hvwMZv, †ckv I Drcv`b-m¤ú‡K©i
wbwi‡L| Zuvi gb¯‭Ë¡ iƒcvq‡Yi cwi‡cÖw¶Z mvgwMÖKZvq; D‪Pvi‡Y `~imÂvix| m‡e©vcwi
†jL‡Ki Mí Ôn‡q-IVvÕi ce©wU Rxeb`„wó‡Z; Z‡e A‡bK M‡íi c‡i Zuvi AwfÁZv wK `ye©j
n‡q c‡o! KviY, Rvwb; me AwfÁZv †Zv Mí †bq bv, aviY Ki‡Z Pvq bv meiK‡gi ewY©Z
¯§„wZfvl¨; Avevi wbweo AwfÁZv Qvov Mí nq bv| cyuwRev‡ì cÖwZwµqvkxj mgv‡Ri
¶zrKvZi, ¶zwY′e„wËi e¨w³ †hgb aiv c‡o †Zgwb fyuB‡duvo KzrwmZ, bxwZåó, ¯^v_©mvi PwiÎI
j¶Yxq| wkíxRM‡Z iv‡óªi †kªwYPwiÎiv hveZxq AbvPvi I †ZvlYkw³‡K jvjb K‡i,
we‡f‡ì w`‡K D¯‥v‡Z _v‡K| G‡Z K‡i mgv‡R wPi¯ vqx •elg¨ I wePvi-AvB‡bi wbwe©Pvi
ivRZ¡ Pj‡Z _v‡K| †mRb¨ me©¯‭‡ii ev me©‣`wkK KvVv‡gv‡Z ev¯‭eZv ew‱` nq|
BDwbfvwm©wUi nj †_‡K ïi  K‡i cÖZ¨‰‭ MÖv‡g Zuv‡e`vwi Avi `vm‡Z¡i ch©ve„Ë iwPZ nq| Zuvi
f~wgnxb †`k (1985), g‡i euvPvi ¯^vaxbZv (1987), PiwebvkKvj (1987), Kz‡qv †_‡K
†ewi‡q (1994), QvqvcÖavb AvNÖvb (2000), Kvbœv`vmx (2006), evgveZ© (2007), gyw³jvj
Afy¨`q (gyw³hy‡×i wbe©vwPZ Mí) (2008), Kv‡jvKz¤¢xi (2008), nsmfvmxi Zx‡i (2008),
†kªô Mí (2007), MímgMÖ 1g LÊ (2008)|
AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm (1943-1997)

evsjv‡`‡ki AvaywbK mvwn‡Zï hvÎvc‡_ †gv¶g mvqK‡¶c‡Y j¶¨‡f`x MíKvi
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm| Zß kã¸‡‪Q DBU wnDgv‡ii SuvSv‡jv evY Zz‡j †`b wZwb| wb‡Ri
130
D ¢vweZ, ¯^`xw¶Z wPÎcÖZx‡K †kªwY‡PZbvq †mv‪Pvi Zuvi D‫‮‬MZ Avw½K| GQvov Zuvi Míwel‡q
wÎk¼z ga¨we‡Ëi bó¯^c′ wKsev wbwkRvMi †R¨vrm′vcÖjvcI DrmegyLwiZ| lv‡Ui w`‡K Bwjqvm
A‰‭e„©Z, mË‡ii c‡i G‡Kev‡i ewng©ywL; KviY mgv‡Ri cwiewZ©Z ev¯‭eZv| iƒcv‰‭wiZ
ivRbxwZi ZvÊe| M`¨wU Giƒ‡cB cwiewZ©Z : Ôeuv‡ai cyew`‡K Pv‡li Rwg, gv‡S gv‡S
KjvMvQ I †f‡iÊvMvQ †Niv †Qv‡Uv †Qv‡Uv evwo| GLv‡b ILv‡b Lvejv Lvejv K‡i dmjKvUv
cvU‡LZ|... Icv‡i g_yivcvov †Nu‡l b`xi Mv G‡Kev‡iB Gwj‡q †Ìqv, wK‰‧ Gw`‡K Avm‡Z
Avm‡Z hgybv Zvi †KuvKov †KuvKov †XD SuvwK‡q wb‡Ri mxgvbv‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i|Õ Zuvi M‡í
¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv‡`k, mvgwiK kvmb, †kªwY‡kvlY, e¨w³gvbyl msK‡U D‡V Av‡m| f~wg-
gvwU AbyeZ©x cÖvw‰‭K gvbyl wPwÎZ nq kw³kvjx cÖKi‡Y| G‡¶‡Î Zuvi kãeÜ, evK¨web¨vm,
Aven wbg©vY cwiKwíZ, wbweo AwfÁZvi mZ¨m~‡Î MÖw_Z| ¶vÎ kvmb, ag©Z‰¿, Kzms¯‥vi,
ag©vÜZv RxebPwi‡Zi †fZ‡i †Mu‡_ Zz‡j hyw³‡Z Zv A¯^xKvi, A‡h․w³K K‡i †Zv‡jb|
GRb¨ KL‡bv AvÂwjK msjvc-fvlv ev †ckv-AbyeZ©x kãfvl¨ wbg©vY K‡i cÖK…Z wek¦vmx iƒcwU
Kv‡qg K‡ib M‡íi c‡U| gyw³hy×I Zuvi M‡í e¨vcK gvÎv cvq| ey‡R©vqv mgvRKvVv‡gvi
cÖwZwµqvkxj iƒc Zuvi ga¨weË ev weËevb Pwi‡Îi gv‡S ZU¯  ev wemª¯‭ _v‡K| AcweKwkZ
ga¨we‡Ëi A‰‭h©‰¿Yv ivóª-KvVv‡gvi Acnvix cwie„‡Ë ew‱`| MíPwiÎiv †m KvVv‡gv‡ZB fvlv
cvq| †mLv‡bB Rxe‡bB hveZxq ms¶zäZv PÂj n‡q I‡V| gÄy, AvZg‡b′mv, mgiwRr cÖf„wZ
A‡bK ZU¯  PwiÎ| Mícwimi we¯‭…Z| A‡bK mgm¨vq RR©wiZ| AvÂwjK fvlvi †fZ‡i
iwPZ Zuvi PwiÎ cÖf~Z gvÎvq wekvjZv cvq; †mLv‡b Zv‡ì wµqv-cÖwZwµqv †kªwY‡PZbvq
¯úk©KvZi| Zuvi MíMÖ‰  Ab¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯î (1976), `yafv‡Z DrcvZ (1985), †Luvqvwi
(1989), †`vh‡Li Ig& (1989), Rvj ¯^cœ ¯^‡cœi Rvj (1997)|
Kv‡qm Avn‡g` (1948-1992)

cÖ_g MíMÖ‰  AÜ Zxi›`vR (1978)| Gici AvUwU Mí wb‡q jvk KvUv Ni (1987)|
cÖwZ‡ivax w`b I k¼zj Rxe‡bi wPÎv¼b Zuvi Mí| ¯§„wZKvZiZv ev b÷vjwRqvi g¨vU‡g‡U
wRwbm Zuvi AcQ‱`| Ômgv‡Ri †Rvo bv jvMv wem`„k¨ w`K¸‡jv‡K RvR¡j¨gvb †Pv‡Li mvg‡b
AvbvÕ Zuvi M‡íi KvR| Zuvi †gRvR ivMx, Ab¨‡ì †_‡K c„_K-`„ß-aviv‡jv Ges cÖLi
ms‡e`bkxj| AÜ Zxi›`vR MíMÖ‡‰  †gvU AvUwU Mí i‡q‡Q| G Mí¸‡jv 1973 †_‡K 1978
ch©‰‭ iwPZ| Ggb `xN© mg‡qi cvjve`j, wech©¯‭ Rxeb, Lyb, nZ¨v, Kv‡jvevRvwi BZ¨vw`
AÜKvi Rxe‡bi †¶Î‡K wPwýZ K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi cÖK…Z c_wU wZwb wP‡b wb‡Z
cv‡ib GKUv mgvRgb‡K Avq‡Ë G‡b| Dcb¨vm wjL‡jI Kv‡qm Avn‡g` M‡íB ¯^vej¤^x Ges
cÖLi Rxeb`„wói cÖ‡qv‡M cwic~Y©|
knx`yj Rwni (1953-2008)

AZxZ-eZ©gvb wKsev weeZ©b-AveZ©‡bi Uvbvc‡o‡b µgk we¯‭…Z nq NUbvcÖevn; Avi M‡í hy³
nq bvbvgywL RwUjZv| cÖwZwµqvkxj cyuwRev` Z_v iv‡óªi †kªwYPwiÎ e¨w³me©¯^ K‡i †Zv‡j
ÔAvKvjy-†UwcÕi Rxeb‡K| Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi m‡½ hy³ nq ms¯‥vi-Kzms¯‥vi-wek¦vm-Awek¦vmmn
hveZxq Av‪Qb′Zv| Zx¶è †kø‡l-we`ªƒ‡c cwinvmgq n‡q I‡V f~wgnxb, cievmx Pwi‡Îiv|
knx`yj Rwni PwiÎ-gb¯‭‡Ë¡i RwUjZvi evB‡i cÖwZ‡ivax mgvR-msmvi, AvPvi-Awbevh©Zvq
GK iK‡gi hv`y-ev¯‭eZvag©x cÖKiY •Zwi K‡ib| Míkix‡i ewnivkªqx Kvwnbx‡Z ivóª-
131
KvVv‡gvi wewea welq †hgb AvBb-Av`vjZ-_vbv wKsev mgv‡Ri cÖwZf~-cÖZvckvjxiv
†kKonxb-ev¯‧nxb gvbyl‡ì †hb A ¢yZ wbqwZi wbg©g e„‡Ë Ave× K‡i| †hLv‡b ÔùvoKvKÕ ev
ÔWygiy Õ, ÔWjy b`xÕ mvejxj cÖZxK †c‡q hvq| Rxe‡bi hveZxq myL-¯^c′-evmbvi m‡½ Rwo‡q
hvq Aev¯‭e, Amvo Gme cÖZxK| wK‰‧ ZvivB Rxe‡bi Rb¨ n‡q I‡V Awbevh© KLbI wecyj
gv‡ci fq¼‡iiI| `„k¨gvb Aeq‡e †m¸‡jv KL‡bv weK…Z ev Amy‱`‡ii cÖZxKvqb †c‡jI
n‡q I‡V mgq ev¯‭eZvi Awbe©vY GK Abycg wkí| †mLv‡b knx`yj Rwn‡ii fvlv `y¨wZgq;
wbwg©Z weivU Kvwnbxf~‡g we‡kl †Kv‡bv wKQy Zv Qvwc‡q I‡V bv| n‡q I‡V mgvR I mg‡qi
e¯‧wbô cÖwZwPÎ| Z‡e A‡bK `~imÂvix Zuvi †m Mí; K¨vbfv‡m ¯^‪QixwZi Zzwji AuvP‡o cÖvw‰‭
K, wbg′e‡M©i gvbyl eRªMf© e¨Äbvgq n‡q I‡V| †Kv‡bvwKQyB †hb k~b¨M‡f© wgjvq bv| Zuvi
PwiÎiv GKB m‡½ ev¯‭e-civev¯‭‡ei gwa¨Lv‡b GK AwbwðZ RM‡Z Pjv‡div K‡i| PwiÎiv
†hgb AwbwðZ †Zgwb A‰‭i½ n‡q I‡V| knx`yj Rwn‡ii fvlvi eybwb‡Z weg~Z© ¯‭iwU m„wó
K‡ib †hLv‡b gvbyl I cÖK…wZi weg~Z© m¤úK© Mfxi †`¨vZbvq GK wbwnZv‡_© ch©ewmZ| gvbe
Pwi‡Îi A‰‭RM© ‡Zi cwi‡ekbvq µgk c~Y©Zi AwawôZ wZwb Zuvi iPbvq| •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&i
c‡i evsjv‡`‡ki M‡í Ab¨ GK `„wó‡KvY cwijw¶Z knx`yj Rwn‡ii M‡í| cvicvi (1985),
Wygyi †L‡Kv gvbyl Ab¨vb¨ Mí (2000), Wjy b`x nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ Mí (2004) Zuvi MíMÖ‰ |
nwic` `Ë (R. 1947)

mvwn‡Zï mgvR-A‡‰¦lx avivq nwic` `Ë K…wZ †jLK| Dcb¨v‡mi g‡Zv M‡íI †kvlK
cÖZxKiƒ‡c ÔARMiÕ, ÔevRcvwLÕi Av‡ek cwijw¶Z| ey‡R©vqv iv‡óªi †kªwYPwiÎ Ges Zvi
wµqvkxj `vcU wb‡®úlY cÖZ¨‰‭ AÂ‡j †cu․Qvq| MÖv‡gi eyKfiv ¯^c′-msmv‡ii Mí ïi  n‡jI
µgk nwic` `‡Ëi PwiÎiv wecb′Zvi w`‡K G¸‡Z _v‡K| Giƒ‡c A_©-ms‡KvP NU‡Z NU‡Z
GKmgq A_©nxb-weËnxb-f~wgnx‡b cwiYZ nq| †mLv‡b KzPµx wn‡m‡e Kg©gLy i †Pqvig¨vb
†g¤^vi wKsev fyuB‡duvo cyuwRcwZ| Zxeª Dcgvq Mífvlvq e¨wÄZ nq DfqcÖKvi †kvlK I
†kvwlZ PwiÎ| Mí-wbg©v‡Y nwic` e¨w³Pwi‡Îi AZxZ-eZ©gvb‡K fwel¨‡Zi gy‡LvgywL Kivb|
f~wgjM′ gvby‡li f~wgQvovi BwZnvm, weËnx‡bi cÖwZf~ nevi Kvwnbx Zuvi Mí| wK‰‧ j¶Yxq
nwic` Mí Qv‡ob bv| M‡íi NÖvY _v‡K engvb Zuvi fvlvq| bvgKi‡YI †g‡j| Z‡e M‡íi
cybive„wËi cÖeYZv Av‡Q| †mwU G‡Kev‡i †fZi KvVv‡gv‡Z †hUv Dr‡i †h‡Z m¶g nb †jLK
`vi Y ù‚wZ©gq, Av‡eMiwÄZ Kvh©Ki fvlvi ¸‡Y| nwic` `‡Ëi Av‡eM Míf~wg‡K De©i K‡i
†Zv‡j †mLv‡b weÁvb‡PZbvi DÏxcbvgq ZrciZvi wecix‡Z hveZxq Kzms¯‥vi-fxwZ‡K
RjvÄwj w`‡Z Pvb †jLK| K‚Uvfvl wKsev e¨½ `ª Z †cu․Qvq ev¯‭eZvi m‡½ hy×iZ gvbyl¸‡jvi
wek¦vm I Ki Yvi wbg©gZvi mv¶x wn‡m‡e| Zuvi MíMÖ‰  m~‡h©i NÖv‡Y †div (1985), GKwU
cyivZb Dw`© (1988), Kvj‡ejvi Mí (2005), Mí mgMÖ (2005), cÖwZ-iƒcK‡íi Mí
(2008) cÖf„wZ|
(L) ga¨weË gb¯‹Zvi †QvUMí

e¨w³i †cÖg, APwiZv_©Zv, AvZ¥jxb, nZvkv, •bivk¨, ¯^c′f½, †fvMev`x, cwiï×Zv, Ae¶q,
wew‪Qb′Zv cÖf„wZ ga¨we‡Ëi wewPÎ gb, Awb‡KZ cÖe„wË, •RweKZv, †fvMwjáv, AvZ¥‡PZbv
Mícø‡U DcRxe¨ K‡i‡Qb A‡b‡KB| wek kZ‡Ki ïi ‡Z gb¯‭Ë¡ hy³ nq mvwn‡Z¨| wewPÎ
wbix¶vI Zv‡Z _v‡K| gb, g‡bvweKjb, g‡bvjM wb‡q g‡bvwe‡k¦ ch©‡e¶Y Pj‡Z _v‡K|
132
wek¦h‡y ×i AwfÁZv G kZvãxi gvby‡li Rb¨ GK ev¯‭eZv| G‡Z K‡i wb‡R‡K †hgb †m
wPb‡Z cv‡i †Zgwb wewPÎ cÖwZwµqvq wb‡R‡K `swkZI Ki‡Z cv‡i| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Z_v
†QvUM‡í Gi cÖmvi bvwZ`xN©| Dcwb‡ekev‡ì Aemv‡bi ci cvðvZ¨ cwikÖ Z a¨vb-aviYv
mshyw³i d‡j g‡bvMZ cwiPh©vq PwiÎvbyM ms‡e`bv m„wó nq| bvMwiK AwfÁZvi d‡j µgk
Zv AviI `„pZi nq| evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í cÂv‡ki `k‡K gywó‡gq †jL‡Ki nv‡Z G cwiPh©v
ïi  n‡jI cieZ©x‡Z Zv AviI mg„w× AR©b K‡i| welq-Abyl½x ev¯‭eZvq hy³ nq gb¯‭‡Ë¡i
bZzb gvÎv| •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&, Avey iyk&`, Avwbm †P․ayix, †evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi,
†R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq`, •mq` kvgmyj nK, †mwjbv †nv‡mb cÖgLy ¯^`xw¶Z
†PZbvq Mí wj‡L‡Qb|
•mq` IqvjxDjøvn& (1922-1971)

•mq` IqvjxDjøvn& evsjv‡`‡ki µg-AvaywbK M‡íi ¸i ¯ vbxq, we`» e¨w³Z¡| Zx¶è
ch©‡e¶Ykw³, Nwbô Rxeb‡eva Zuvi M‡íi Avw½K‡K •Zwi K‡i| gvbexq m~² Abyf~wZ Mfxi
e¨Äbv G‡b †`q Ô†KivqvÕ, Ô¯‭bÕ, ÔZzjmx Mv‡Qi AvZ¥KvwnbxÕ‭Ggbme M‡í| M‡íi cwiYwZ
`~ivqZ Av‡gR Av‡b, `vb K‡i `vk©wbK-ex¶v| Zuvi M‡íi kw³ HwZn¨-mgvR-gvwU-g~j
Abyl½x fvlvq| Jcwb‡ekK kvmb-cieZ©x ivóª-KvVv‡gv‡Z †kvlK-kw³i Avwac‡Zï †PZbvi
†fZ‡i e¨w³gvby‡li ¶q, webvk, wew‪Qb′Zvi ¯îƒcwU wbg©vY K‡ib •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&| GRb¨
Zuvi M‡í wbg′-ga¨we‡Ëi A‰‭gL©y x Rxeb-•ewkó¨ I Zvi gb¯‭‡Ë¡i wbLyuZ weeiYwU ¸i Z¡c~Y© n‡q
I‡V| GwUi PwiÎ-gb¯‭Ë¡ wbg©v‡Y `¶Zv j¶Yxq| Rxe‡bi m~²Zi w`K¸‡jv kw³kvjx M‡`¨
Zuvi M‡í ev¯‭evbyM n‡q I‡V| G‡¶‡Î •mq` IqvjxDjøvn& A‡bK †¶‡Î cvðvZïxwZiI
cÖ‡qvM NwU‡q‡Qb| †PZbvi cÖevnixwZ (stream of consciousness) wKsev Aw¯‭Z¡ev`x
(existentialism) `k©b Zuvi M‡íi c‡U f~wgKv ivL‡jI cÖvPïxwZi cÖ‡qvM I ù‚wZ©
Abe`¨| evB‡ii †Kv‡bv ZË¡ ev `k©b A‡nZzK Av‡ivc Kivi ZrciZv Zuvi M‡í †bB|
`k©b‡K Rxe‡bi m‡½ mswkó K‡i m~²Zi mvwb′a¨ †hgb †cÖg-†ivgvÝ-†ivgvw‱UKZv
e¨w³Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ D‡V Av‡m| G‡¶‡Î Zuvi fvlv Abe`¨| fvlvB Zuvi PwiÎ‡K •Zwi K‡i;
Pwi‡Îi A‰‭RM© ‡Zi wbwg©wZ †`q| Ô•mq` IqvjxDjøvn& eiveiB Kg †j‡Lb, wK‰‧ cix¶v-
wbix¶v I AvaywbK wP‰‭vfvebvi ¯ú‡k© Zuvi mvwnZ¨Kg© c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡bi K_vmvwn‡Z¨ D¾¡jZg
wb`k©b| Zuvi Kvwnbxi f~‡Mvj me©`v c~e© cvwK¯‭vb †Zv e‡UB, GgwbwK GLvbKvi MÖvgxY Rxeb;
GZ`m‡ËI wZwb KL‡bvB cÖPwjZ MZvbyMwZK Mí †j‡Lb bv| gb¯‭Ë¡‡K wZwb cÖvavb¨ †`b,
Zuvi M‡íi web¨vmcÖKiY we¯§qKi|Õ M‡í Dcw¯ Z _v‡K cÖ‪Qb′ mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK KUv¶
Avi e¨w³i cÖ_vMZ ms¯‥vi I wek¦v‡mi g~‡j AvNvZ| G‡¶‡Î fvlv I cÖKiY Df‡qi
†gjeÜ‡b •mq` IqvjxDjvn&i fvlvI AvaywbK| Zuvi bqbPviv (1945) MíMÖ‡‰  ÔbqbPvivÕ,
ÔRvnvRxÕ, ÔcivRqÕ, Ôg„Zz¨-hvÎvÕ, ÔLybxÕ, Ôi³Õ, ÔLÊ Puv‡ì eµZvqÕ, Ô†mB c„w_exÕ msKwjZ|
Aci MíMÖ‰  `yB Zxi I Ab¨vb¨ Mí (1965)-G Av‡Q Ô`yB ZxiÕ, ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi
KvwnbxÕ, ÔcvMoxÕ, Ô†KivqvÕ, Ôwbõj Rxeb wbõj hvÎvÕ, ÔMÖx‡®§i QywU‡ZÕ, Ôgv‡jKvÕ, Ô¯‭bÕ,
ÔgwZbDwÏ‡bi †cÖgÕ Mí|
133
Avey i“k&` (R. 1919)
Avey i k&` ÔivRavbx‡Z SoÕ wj‡L mvov †d‡j †`b; evOvwj gymwjg MíKvi wn‡m‡e bMi-
gb¯‥Zvi wbweo ch©‡e¶Y, Mfx‡i A‡‰^lY, m‡e©v‪P Abyf‡ei gvÎvq wkwíZ KvVv‡gv •Zwi H
Pwjø‡k, cÖ_g AvaywbK-AveZ©wU ¯úk© Kiv †mwU Awfbe bq †Zv Kx? KLbI MÖvgxY cUwPÎ
Auv‡Kbwb Avey i k&`| bM‡iB w¯ Z, AvMÖn ga¨weË‡K KuvUv‡Quovq, †fZ‡ii weg~p we¯§q‡K
wbi¼zk cÖKv‡k, Kvi‡Y-wRÁvmvq AK…wÎgZv‡K D‡b¥vP‡b evsjv‡`‡ki M‡í cÖ_g mgycw¯ Z
Avey i k&`| GKUz SzuwK _v‡K bM‡ii cwZZv †_‡K cÖvmv` ch©‰‭ cÖ‡e‡k, wK‰‧ Rxe‡bi †bkv
wk‡í †Zv civ¯‭ bq| †mRb¨ gvbe-g‡bi AwÜmwÜ‡Z †cu․Qvb MíKvi| wPwýZ n‡q hvq Zuvi
¯^c′, mewKQyi E‡a″©; G‡K G‡K| M‡íi PwiÎ‡K A‰‭`©„wó w`‡q we‡klY K‡ib Avey i k&`|
ga¨we‡Ëi †ivgvw‱UK mËv Ges mgvR-gb¯‥Zv; Kvh©KviY m¤ú‡K©i †fZi w`‡q Kvwnbx‡Z
eyb‡Z _v‡Kb| G‡¶‡Î gb¯‭Ë¡, A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zv, mskq, m‡‱`n, Møvwb, køvNv meB we¯‭…Z nq
Mí-Ave‡n| Zuvi Avw½K kw³kvjx, FRy, msnZ; fvlvfw½ Zx¶è Ges bvUKxqZv RwoZ|
ÔcÖvK-¯^vaxbZvKvj †_‡K mvwnZ¨PP©v K‡i Avm‡Qb wZwb| Zuvi Mí I Dcb¨v‡mi cUf~wg
mvaviYZ bMiRxeb I gymwjg D‪P-ga¨weË mgvR| MÖvgxY evsjvi m‡½ Zuvi m¤úK© Kg|
d‡j Zuvi Mí-Dcb¨v‡mi Aven †gvUvgywU GK, †mLv‡b •ewPÎ¨ Kg| myLcvV¨ Mí †j‡Lb,
†gRv‡R †ivgvw‱UK|Õ Ggb cÖ¯‭vebvq Avey i k&‡ì MíMÖ‰  ivRavbx‡Z So (1938), cÖ_g
†h․eb (1948), kvox evox Mvox (1961), g‡n›`ª wgóvbœ fvÊvi (1985), ¯^wbe©vwPZ Mí
(1979), w`b Agwjb (1985), we‡qvMe¨_v (1996), wbe©vwPZ Mí (1990), MímgMÖ
(2000)|
†evinvb DwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi (R. 1936)

Ô¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡j c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡b cÂv‡ki `k‡K huviv GLbKvi Kve¨ I K_vmvwn‡Z¨
AvaywbKZv‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡ib, BwbI Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg| wZwb eyw×ev`x I gbbag©x wkíx|
Zuvi Kvwnbxi †cÖ¶vcU Avgv‡ì bMiRxeb, Zvi ga¨weË mgvR, K`vwPr wbg′weË|
mgvRm‡Zï Dcjwä‡Z wZwb A‡bKvsv‡k AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì mgag©x, wK‰‧ fvlv I
Kvwnbxweb¨v‡m AwaKZi cvi½g wkíx|Õ †evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½x‡ii M‡í K_K-†kªvZvi
wkífw½wU AvKl©Yxq| bvbv welq wb‡q wZwb Mí wj‡L‡Qb| Awew‛Qbœ (1960), `~i `~ivš„
(1968), wekvj †µva (1376), gyÊnxb gnvivR (1974), GK ai‡bi hy× (1984),
MYZ‡š¿i cÖ_g w`b I Ab¨vb¨ Mí (1992), wecøe `xN©Rxex †_‡K (1997) Gme M‡í mgvR-
ivRbxwZ-e¨w³i Ø‱ØvZ¥K w`K cÖwZdwjZ| bibvix m¤úK©, †cÖg Rxebev`x †PZbvq cÖwZwew¤^Z
Zuvi iPbvq| Avw`-b„‡Mvôxi Rxeb wb‡qI Zuvi Mí Av‡Q| Aw¯‭Z¡‡PZbvi w`KwU †jL‡Ki
Mífv‡l¨ ¸i Z¡c~Y© n‡q I‡V| KÉ¯î (1968) Zvi igïPbv|
†R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë (R. 1939)

`ywe©bxZ Kvj (1965), e‡n bv myevZvm (1967), mxZvsï †Zvi mg¯„ K_v (1969),
cybi‚×vi, cøvebf~wg, Dwo‡q wb‡q hv Kv‡jv †gN (1992), wd‡i hvI †R¨vrmœvq, wbe©vwPZ Mí,
MíKí I euvPvgivi Rxeb (2005) Gme MíMÖ‡‰  †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë ¯^Z‰¿ I g‡bvgy»Ki| GK
ai‡bi A‰‭M©Z cwiï×Zv webxZ †mLv‡b, wK‰‧ •btm½¨ ev nZvkv weij bq| `xN© Kvje„‡Ë
A‡bK mgq wb‡q Zuvi MíMÖ‰  †ewi‡q‡Q| GwU‡Z ÔGLb `yÕRb w`bgRyi GB w`b dziv‡bvi
134
Qvqvq gv_vi Szwo †_‡K Kv‡jv gvwUi ivwk H c‡_ †d‡j hvqÕ wKsev ÔmÜ¨vi ci PivPi
fvwm‡q w`‡q †k¦Z †R¨vrm′vi Puv` D‡VwQj AvKv‡kÕ| Gfv‡e a″wbeÜ evwb‡q GK ai‡bi A‰‭¯‭
j-msev` Kv‡qg Ki‡Z Pvb wZwb| wPÎiƒcZv H lv‡UI wQj Zuvi iPbvq, AvaywbKZv AR©‡bi
c_ Zuvi A‡bK Av‡Mi; †mRb¨ G mg‡q †jLv MíMÖ‰ wU cÖksmbxq, AvKl©Yxq| Zuvi wfb′Zv
msjvcnxbZvq wKsev bvg bv-eënv‡ii `ye©jZvq| ZeyI wm′»Zv ev gvayh© †Zv K‡g bv;
†mLv‡bB Zuvi weij mv_©KZv| Av_©-mgvR eë¯ vi Mfx‡i gvwU‡Nlv gvbyl Av‡Q, Mífvlv‡ZI
•Zwi K‡ib H wØavKvZi mskqx gvbyl| wecb′, Db¥~j ev¯‭eZvq †jLv ÔKí‡jv‡KÕ, ÔmyLevmÕ,
ÔA‡PbvÕ BZ¨vw` Mí| evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í wZwb kw³kvjx MíKvi wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ| cÖ_g
w`‡Ki M‡í AvZ¥K‚ÊjvwqZ, ¶wqòz gvby‡li wPÎcU AZ¨‰‭ wkwíZiƒ‡c Dc¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb
†jLK| Avgv‡ì Míavivi cÖvw‰‭K gvby‡li cÖZxKx wbg©v‡Yi welqwU‡K HwZwn¨K gvwÎKZv `vb
K‡i‡Qb †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë|
Ave`yj gvbœvb •mq` (1943-2020)

civev¯‭eev`x MíKvi, KwePwiÎ Avi cwi‡ek‡bi wPÎKí Zuvi M‡í fi K‡i e‡m| Zuvi fvl¨,
M‡íB wZwb †ewk ¯^‪Q‱`| m‡Zï g‡Zv e`gvk M‡í •Zwi nq `ye©vi wkí-KvVv‡gvi PwiÎ|
wbcyY M‡`ï we¯§qKi ù~wZ© j¶Yxq| evsjv M‡í wZwbB GKUv c_ AR©b K‡i †d‡jb,
cw_K…‡Zi f~wg‡Z Rxe‡bi mg¯‭ kw³‡K cixw¶Z K‡i Mfxi cÖZ¨‡q iwÄZ K‡ib| d‡j
†Nvi-jvMv GK Aven •Zwi nq Zuvi †jLvq| welqeyw×i evB‡i A‡j․wKK Avb‱` fi K‡i e‡m,
wK‰‧ Zv wKQy‡ZB ev¯‭evbyM bq| Avgv‡ì †QvUM‡í Awe¯§iYxq Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq`| m‡Zï
g‡Zv e`gvk (1968), g„Zzï AwaK jvj ¶zav (1977), P‡jv hvB c‡iv‡¶ (1973), Mí
1964 (1970), wbe©vwPZ Mí (1987), gvQ gvsm gvrm‡h©i iƒcK_v, mgq cyi‚l, Drme I
Ab¨vb¨ Mí, GK Agvby‡li Mí, †bK‡o nv‡qbv Avi wZb cix (1997) cÖf„wZ Zuvi Mí|
Avwbm †PŠayix (1929-1990)

Avwbm †P․ayixi MímsMÖn †ewi‡q‡Q 2007 mv‡j| wK‰‧ Zuvi AwaKvsk †jLvB cÖKv‡ki mvj
lv‡Ui wewfb′ cwÎKv †_‡K ïi  K‡i bvbv mg‡q| g~jZ M‡íB Zuvi `¯‧i| M‡íi wbweocv‡V
mZ¨vmZ¨ we‡ePbv; AvaywbKgb¯‥Zv, •be©¨w³K I cÖvY¯úk©x Zz‡Lvi cÖvYeËvc~Y© GK MíKvi‡K
cvIqv hvq| wZwb mvov †`b Av‡jvo‡b, wPË¯úk©x wm′» gvqv‡Z, A‡bKUv `~iw¯ Z AwfcÖv‡qi
AvKzjZvq| ïay we‡køl‡YB †kl n‡q hvb bv| Avwbm †P․ayixi M‡í †QvÆ gyn~Z©¸‡jv mvgwóK
n‡q I‡V| KL‡bv e„nËi cwie„ËI iPbv K‡i| Rxe‡bi e¨vcK As‡ki m‡½ kvwgj n‡q c‡o|
Avwbm †P․ayix ga¨we‡Ëi †ivgvw‱UK is¸‡jv‡K e¯‧wbô iƒc †`b mgvR Dc‡hvwMZvi wbwi‡L|
†hLv‡b _v‡K wb‡iU ev¯‭eZvI| bvbv iK‡gi Mí wj‡L‡Qb Avwbm †P․ayix| Ô†jvK-nvmvwb
AÂjÕ D‪Pvi‡Y; Ô†Kb kni Mov †Mj bvÕ e¨½vZ¥K wK‰‧ Dcv‡`q Mí| Mí-ewj‡q wn‡m‡e
Avwbm †P․ayix M‡íi ixwZ‡K wb‡Ri Avq‡Ëi g‡a¨B ivL‡Z Pvb| Zuvi M‡íi bv‱`wbK w`KwU
†g‡j e¨w³-i wP, `~i`„wói Awfe¨w³‡Z I FRy `„wófw½i cÖqv‡m| wefv‡MvËi evOvwj gymwjg
ga¨we‡Ëi AvZ¥cwiPqwU Lye w¯ i I `„p Avw½‡K †d«‡g Gu‡U‡Qb †jLK| G‡¶‡Î A‡bK
wel‡qB GKUz cybive„wË ev e„Ëvqb g‡b n‡jI cÖK…Z RvqMvwU †h ¯úk© Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb †jLK
Zv‡Z m‡‱`n †bB| Avwbm †P․ayix †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb GKwU wel‡qi A‡bK mÂvix c_; cÖvPzh©gq
Ges •ef‡e cÖvYkw³c~Y© ga¨we‡Ëi AwÜmwÜ| Avwbm †P․ayix ev¯‭eZv‡K KlvNv‡ZB KK©k K‡i
135
†Zv‡jb| Z‡e Zv gb¯‭v‡ci mZ¨ n‡qB †g․j Aw¯‭Z¡‡KB mZ¨ K‡i †Zv‡j| Zuvi Mí‣ewkó¨:
Zuvi M‡íi cÖviw¤¢K c‡e©i Dc¯ vcb-•ewkó¨; †hLv‡b Av‡Q M‡íi †P․¤^K-we‱`y, wbQK Kvwnbx
evbv‡bv bq; NUbvi DÌv‡bi DËvc e¨w³‡K †K‱`ª K‡i cÖmvwiZ n‡jI g~jZ µz× ev¯‭eZvB
Zv‡K Mov‡Z I †cUv‡Z _v‡K d‡j PwiÎwU wbg©vY nq cÖvPz‡h©i †fZ‡iB, M‡íi †g‡mR _vK‡e
wK‰‧ Zv Rxeb-mgMÖZvi euva‡b ew‱`, msjv‡ci †fZ‡i K_KZvi †`¨vZbv m„wó, cÖZxKx e¨Äbvq
ev Bw½ZgqZvq msnZ †m․‱`h© Aeq‡e M‡íi cwimgvwß, Aven wbg©v‡Y AvaywbK iƒcm„wó|
•mq` kvgmyj nK (R. 1935)

evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ •mq` kvgmyj nK `¶ I w¯ Zax MíKvi| Zuvi i‡q‡Q K‡qK `k‡Ki
MíPP©vi cÖev`cÖwZg AwfÁZv| iPbvq wZwb wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb wewPÎ welq| cvwievwiK,
AvÂwjK Mí; Av‡Q bvMwiK Rxebm¤¢~Z Mí, Av‡Q †cÖg-gb¯‭‡Ë¡i RwUjZi Mí| Kwefvlv
Zuvi M‡í KLbI cwimi •Zwi Ki‡jI cÖKi‡Y Zv AvNvZcÖvß ev Av‡ivwcZ nq bv| •mq` nK
†miƒ‡cB me¨mvPx wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ cÖwZôv cvb| Mvn©¯ ¨ cwigÊ‡j ¯^vgx-¯¿x, m‰‭vb
cwi‡ewóZ gv‡qi kvk¦Z g~wZ© wPwýZ ÔZvmÕ M‡í| GKvwaK fvlvq Ab~w`Z G MíMÖ‡‰ i
•ewPÎ¨gq Kvwnbx bvbv NUbvi cÖ‡¶c‡Y AvaywbK gvÎv jvf K‡i‭we‡kl K‡i weaev gvÕi
¯§„wZKvZiZv, h‰¿Yv, A‰‭`©vnb Ges m‰‭vb‡ì †m′n-ggZv cÖLi A‰‭`©„wó‡Z Zv cÖZxKx evZ©vq
ch©ewmZ| †hLv‡b mewKQyi m‡½ ÔZvmÕ evowZ gvÎv †hvM K‡i| ÔAvb‡‱ì g„Zz¨Õ •mq` n‡Ki
Av‡iKwU Abe`¨ Mí| PgrKvi `„k¨cwiKí‡b wZwb g~jZ DVwZ bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi Amvi,
fyuB‡duvo Rxeb‡K Zz‡j a‡ib G M‡í| †cÖg I g‡bvweKjbag©x M‡íI •mq` nK †ek
cvi½gZv †`wL‡q‡Qb| GQvov MÖvgxY RxebcU wKsev gyw³hy×‡K †K‱`ª K‡iI Mí wj‡L‡Qb
wZwb| mgv‡Ri †kvlY-Kzms¯‥vi-ms¯‥vi-ag©xq wek¦vm-wKse`‰‭x wb‡q MíKv‡ii wbix¶vag©x Mí
R‡jk¦ixi Mí¸‡jv (1990)| G‡Z cÖavbZ ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg‡Kw‱`ªK
†kªwYPwi‡Îi †kvlY-wbh©vZ‡bi PvjwPÎwUB iwPZ| MícwiPh©vi `xN©vqZ c_cwiµgvq •mq`
kvgmyj nK GwM‡q‡Qb, ZvwM‡` G‡m‡Q wbi‡c¶-wbðqZv Avi GKB m‡½ Avw½‡KI G‡m‡Q
cÖf~Z cwieZ©b| cÖZxK wbg©vY, M`¨fw½i FRyZv, ev¯‭evbyM mgq mwÜrmv, B‡g‡R ewY©j
Av‡e‡Mi we‪QyiY‭Mí‡K cÖLi Rxebev`x K‡i †Zv‡j| A`¨vewa wZwb G c‡_ `y¨wZgq Ges
`~iMvgx| •mq` n‡Ki MíMÖ‰  : Zvm (1954), kxZwe‡Kj (1959), i³‡Mvjvc (1964),
Avb‡›ì g„Zy¨ (1967), cÖvPxb es‡ki wbt¯^ mš„vb (1981), GK m‡½ •mq` kvgmyj nK (Mí
msKjb) (1986), †cÖ‡gi Mí (1990), †kªô Mí (1990), Mí mgMÖ (2001) cÖf„wZ|
†mwjbv †nv‡mb (R. 1947)

Drm †_‡K wbiš„i (1969), RjeZx †g‡Ni evZvm (1975), †Lvj KiZvj (1982), ciRb¥
(1986), gvbylwU (1993), wbe©vwPZ Mí (1993), gwZRv‡bi †g‡qiv (1995), gyw³hy‡×i Mí
(2000) †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi MíMÖ‰ | ÔDrm †_‡K wbi‰‭iÕ M‡í IRydv A‡bï m‰‭v‡bi gv n‡Z
eva¨ n‡jI gvZ…Z¡ bó K‡i bv| bvixi AwaKvi gh©v`vi Rb¨ Zviv cyi lZvw‰¿K mgv‡R mgkw³
AR©b Ki‡Z Pvq| gyw³hy‡×i Mí-msKj‡bi ÔAvwgbv I gw`bvi M‡íÕ cvK-nvbv`vi evwnbx
KZ…©K bvixal©‡Yi gg©‰‧` wPÎ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| K‡qK `k‡Ki K_vKvi wn‡m‡e †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi
M‡í Giƒc welqB wewPÎiƒ‡c cÖwZwôZ| A‡bK Mí wj‡L‡Qb wZwb wK‰‧ M`¨ Zuvi mijfvl¨,
ev¯‭eZv bq A‡bKUv PvjwPÎ iK‡gi| bvix AwaKvi, gyw³hy×, MÖvg-wKsev kn‡ii ga¨weË,
136
cÖ‪Qb′ ivRbxwZ, Av_©bxwZK fvebvwP‰‭v Zuvi M‡íi welq| wK‰‧ ev¯‭eZv Zuvi M‡í †Zgb †Lv‡j
bv| ÔBbvi Iqvì©Õ †Zgb AvKl©Yxq Qvqv †d‡j bv cvV‡Ki g‡b| ZeyI M‡í ¯^Z‰¿ GKUv
cwimi †c‡q hvb wZwb| wbðqB G‡¶‡Î Zuvi fvlvwUI Avq‡Ë| bvix-Bmy¨‡K †K‱`ª K‡i †jLv
gwZRv‡bi †g‡qiv| GwU `kwU M‡íi msKjb| bvgM‡íi g~j PwiÎ gwZRvb| bvixi •RweK
I gvbweK AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ AZ¨‰‭ `„pkw³ AR©b K‡i Zuvi PwiÎiv| ÔwjwcKvi we‡q Ges
AZtciÕ M‡í bvixi e¨w³Z¡ I AwaKvi cÖwZôvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| ¯^vaxb‡PZv I cÖK„Z gvbyl
nIqvi msK‡íi K_v wee„Z n‡q‡Q Pwi‡Îi wjwcKv †fZi w`‡q| ÔAvKwji †÷k‡bi RxebÕ,
Ô†g‡q‡jvKUvÕ, Ôcvi ‡ji gv nIqvÕ, Ôü`q I kª‡gi msmviÕ BZ¨vw` M‡í bvixi AwaKvi,
AvZ¥‡eva I AvZ¥‡PZbv, •jw½K †kvlY gyw³fvl¨ wkwíZ gvÎv †c‡q‡Q| G MÖ‰ wU‡Z †jLK
bvix‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| Ges HwZn¨MZ g~j¨‡eva I cÖ_vMZ B‡gR‡K K‡i
Zz‡j‡Qb cÖk′we×| †m‡¶‡Î †jLK GKUv gZv`k©‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki‡Z PvB‡jI `„wófw½i wbi¼zk
mZZvq Kvw‫¶‫‬Z Pwi‡Îi gvbweK w`K¸‡jv D‡b¥vPb Ki‡Z mdj n‡q‡Qb, m‡‱`n †bB|
(M) BwZnvm-cyivY-cÖZx‡K mgKvj

wefvM-cieZ©x mg‡q µgk evOvwj gymwjg ga¨weË wb‡Ri Aw¯‭Z¡ m¤ú‡K© mRvM n‡Z ïi 
K‡i| bvbiKg Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK Av‡‱`vj‡bi m‡½ hy³ nq| m`¨-bM‡ii mvwb′‡a¨
evOvwj wb‡Ri gh©v`v wKsev fwel¨‡Zi ¯^c′‡K GKxK…Z Ki‡Z PvBj| M‡íi PwiÎ †jLK‡ì
nv‡Z n‡q D‡V Av‡m bvbvgywL| bvbvgvwÎK cøU LuyR‡Z ïi  K‡i MíKviMY| KL‡bv cyivY-
cÖZx‡K KL‡bv-ev BwZnv‡m Kvw‫¶‫‬Z n‡q I‡V PwiÎmg~n| wK‰‧ Gi KviY Kx? wbQKB wK Gi
†cQ‡b †Kv‡bv •kjxMZ wbix¶v we`¨gvb wQj bv-wK Ab¨wKQy! iv‡óªi wei ‡× e¨w³-gh©v`v ev
AwaKv‡ii cÖk′ iwPZ n‡j Kvwnbx‡Z c~e©vci BwZnvm DwÏó n‡q I‡V, e¨Äbv cvq cyivY-
cÖZxwZÑwbR¯^ ixwZ‡Z| e¯‧Z †jL‡Ki e¨w³Z¡I †mLv‡b m`vcÖ¯‧Z| evsjv‡`‡ki Míavivq
gyw³hy×-c~e© ev cieZ©xKv‡j mw‱`» RvwZ‡PZbvq BwZnvm ev cyivY-cÖm½ Kvwnbx‡Z cÖ`xß n‡q
I‡V, KviY : welq I Avw½KMZ wbix¶v, e¨w³‡K cÖ‪Qb′ †i‡L cøU-wbg©v‡Yi D‡`¨vMMÖnY,
wkíMZ Afxávq mvgwMÖK Rxebm‡Zï wPivqZ iƒc`vb cÖf„wZ| G‡¶‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki A‡bK
MíKviB cÖf~Z gywÝqvbvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| wk‡íi `vqe×Zv wKsev Avb‱`‡jv‡Ki cwiPh©v
`y‡UvB Zv‡ì †jLbxcÖev‡n N‡U‡Q cve©Zx-ci‡gk¦‡ii Dc‡fvM| G avivi †jLK‡ì
KvwnbxM‡`¨ N‡U‡Q †hgb Awfbe cÖKiY-†hvM †Zgwb mg‡qi AvËxK…Z bevq‡Y wbY©xZ n‡q‡Q
MfxiZi Dcjwäi Rxeb`„wó|
kIKZ Imgvb (1917-1998)

mvwn‡Zï bvbv A½‡b kIKZ Imgv‡bi mie Dcw¯ wZ weivRgvb| M‡íi Pwi‡Îi bvbvgywL
wbix¶v Av‡Q; Av_©-mvgvwRK c‡U ewY©Z Kvwnbx‡Z ag©xq fÊvwg, †Muvovwg, Kzms¯‥vi,
K‚cgÊ~KZv we`ªƒcvZ¥K ¯^‡i wPwýZ| evOvwj gymwjg cwievi RxebvMÖn; †mLvbKvi
Uvbv‡cv‡o‡bi ms¯‥…wZ M‡íi †cÖ¶vcU •Zwi K‡i| ÔkIKZ Imgv‡bi me‡P‡q eo ¸Y Zuvi
wkí‣PZb¨| cix¶v-wbix¶vq wZwb Aweivg hZ′kxj, cvV‡Ki gyL †P‡q KLbB †j‡Lbwb|
GLvbKvi cÖexY mvwnwZ¨K‡ì g‡a¨ wZwb Ab¨Zg; wK‰‧ Zuvi iPbvq GLbI Zvi ‡Yï Qvc
we`¨gvb| Zuvi M‡íi •ewkó¨ Zuvi fvlv eënv‡i wbwnZ, nvm¨-cwinvm I e¨‡½i fve me©`vB
Zuvi Mí‡K Rwo‡q _v‡K| †Kv‡bv m‡‱`n †bB wZwb mgvRm‡PZb wkíx; e¨Äbvag©x iƒcK I
137
cÖZx‡Ki eënvi Zuvi Mímg~‡n j¶¨‡hvM¨|Õ Zuvi gyw³hy×wfwËK MíMÖ‰  Rb¥ hw` Ze e‡½
(1975) Ges Ck¦‡ii cÖwZØ›Øx (1990)| gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvMZ cwiPh©v Gme M‡í †hgb Av‡Q
†Zgwb ev¯‭e AwfÁZvi weeiYI ewY©Z| gyw³hy×‡K RvwZi mvgwMÖK gyw³i c_ e‡jB g‡b
K‡ib †jLK| G‡¶‡Î Mí-Dc¯ vc‡b cÖZxK I iƒc‡Ki †K․kj, mgvRwfwËK eY©bvi gywÝqvbv
†ek Zvrch©c~Y©| evsjv‡`‡k A‡bK Mí wj‡L wZwb `„pwfwËi Ici cÖwZwôZ| kIKZ
Imgv‡bi MíMÖ‰  : Dcj¶¨ (1968), Dfk„½ (1968), Ryby Avcv I Ab¨vb¨ Mí (1951),
†bÎc_ (1968), wcuRiv‡cvj (1951), cÖ¯„idjK (1964), mv‡eK Kvwnbx (1953), Ges
wZb wgR©v (1986), wbe©vwPZ Mí (1984), gwbe I Zvnvi KzKzi (1986), weMZ Kv‡ji Mí
(1987), †kªô Mí (1974), cyivZb LÄi (1987), nš„viK (1991), ivRcyi‚l (1994)
cÖf„wZ|
wiwRqv ingvb (R. 1939)

`ygi© Dcb¨vmwkíx| cwikªgx †jLK| GKB iƒ‡c Zuvi MíI cwikªgx, a¨vbx, Rxeb‡PZbvcÖm~Z|
m~², my‡e`x Zuvi `„wófw½| M‡í BwZnvm ev msMÖvg, cyivY Gme bv G‡jI LÊ cwim‡i
Rxe‡bi Ae‡nwjZ w`‡Ki LÊvsk‡K ¯úk© Ki‡Z Pvb MíKvi| AwMœ¯v^ ¶iv (1967) Zuvi
¸i Z¡c~Y© MíMÖ‰ | Ôjyß mf¨Zvi BwZnvm-mgw_©Z Ave‡n KwíZ ev¯‭eZv, HwZnvwmK cUf~wg‡Z
†cÖg I we‡`ªvn, Avw`g AvwacZëv` I Cl©v, cÖK…wZ cÖxwZ, Zxeª †ivgvw‱UKZv, wecb′ gvbeZv,
`vwi`ª¨-`xbZv, gvby‡li g~j¨‡ev‡ai wfb′Zv I cwieZ©bkxjZvÕ Ggb welq wb‡q Zuvi
AwMœ¯v^ ¶ivi `kwU Mí| GQvov †ewi‡q‡Q Zuvi wbe©vwPZ Mí (1978)| Z‡e M‡íi †P‡q
Dcb¨v‡mB Zuv‡K ¯^v‪Q‱`¨ g‡b nq|
(N) bMi‡Kw›`ªK `„wó‡KvY

bMi-cwiµgv Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Z¨ G‡m‡Q cvðvZ¨ †_‡K| mvZPwjøk-DËi c~e©-evsjvq XvKv‡K
†K‱`ª K‡i G †PZbvi D‡b¥l I weKvk| mvgwMÖK Rxeb-cwiPh©vq µgk hy³ n‡q‡Q bvMwiK
Abyl½mg~n| †QvUM‡íi KvVv‡gv‡Z bvMwiK RwUjZv, bMivqb, A‰‭RM© ‡Zi wPÎvc©Y, cyuwRi
cÖmv‡i †fvM I •elg¨, K…wÎg m¤úK©mg~n hy³ nq| ïay PvjwPÎ ev evB‡ii NUbv bq, ÔBbvi
Iqvì©Õ wb‡q hy³ nq bZzb wbix¶v| m‡½ hy³ nq ivRbxwZ I Ab¨vb¨ mvgvwRK DcPvi|
cÖavbZ N‡U e¨w³i gb¯‭Ë¡ wPwýZKiY| mvwn‡Z¨ Lye ¸i Z¡c~Y© n‡q I‡V GgbZ‡iv aviv|
wek¦h×y -DËiKv‡j bM‡ii weKvk N‡U cÖf~ZgvÎvq| •eÁvwbKwe‡k¦ Zvi ZvÊe AviI RwUj|
bMi‡K †K‱`ª K‡i †h bvMwiKRxeb †mLv‡b cÖhyw³MZ Kg©KvÊ e¨w³i wbKU GK ai‡bi
AbyNUK wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| M‡íi PwiÎ †miƒ‡cB Avavi I Av‡aqMY¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q| cÖm½Z
Aa©-kZvãx Ry‡o Db¥y³ wek¦cÖev‡n cvðvZ¨ cÖfvweZ Rxebaviv AZxe `ª ZZvi m‡½ Avgv‡ì
ms¯‥…wZ‡Z M„nxZ nq| Kg©PvÂj¨ wKsev •PZb¨MZ D‪Q¡vmI Abym~¨Z n‡q‡Q Hiƒc •ewkó¨
†_‡K|
mi`vi R‡qbD`&`xb (1923-1986)

wefv‡MvËi evsjv‡`‡ki ¸i Z¡c~Y© K_vwkíx mi`vi R‡qbD`&`xb| Zuvi cÖ_g MíMÖ‰  bqvb Xyjx
(1952)| MÖvgxY cø‡U †jLv, mvaviY-wbh©vwZZ-†kvwlZ †L‡U LvIqv gvby‡li wbweo Qwe bqvb
Xyjx| MíMÖ‡‰  AZ¨vPvwiZ gvby‡li cÖwZev‡ì wPÎI cÖwZdwjZ| wefv‡MvËi evsjv‡`‡ki
138
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143
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144
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145
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146
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bv| GKUv-`y‡Uv cyi¯‥vi †c‡q‡Qb e‡j †Kej we‡kl gn‡jB Zuvi hv wKQy myL¨vwZ| mvaviY
gvby‡li wPËRq Ki‡Z wZwb GLbI e¨_©|
wK‰‧ GB wech©¯‭ Ae¯ v †_‡KI †jLK cwiÎvY †c‡q hvb| weeY© †Quov Kvco civ
GKwU †Q‡j Zuv‡K c_ †`Lvq Avi wZwb K¬vw‰‭, ¶zav, •bivk¨ AwZµg K‡i †ijjvB‡bi w¯øcvi
wWwO‡q Zvi †cQ‡b †cQ‡b QyU‡Z _v‡Kb| Zvi _vgvi Dcvq _v‡K bv| KviY, my`k©b Zv‡K
WvK‡Q| (mwPÎ mÜvbx/1g el©, 11k msL¨v)| Gi m‡½ m¤¢eZ ekxi Avj †njv‡ji GKwU
M‡íi PwiÎ‡K wgwj‡q wbB, †hLv‡b evRv‡ii fvwi †evSv GKev‡i enb Ki‡Z bv †c‡i LvwbK
wRwi‡q Avevi †evSv e‡q wb‡q hv‡‪Q †h wK‡kvi kªwgK Zv‡K hLb cÖ¯‭ve †Ìqv nq †h †m
cqmv wb‡q P‡j hvK, ZLb Zvi Reve, ÔcqmvWv LvBU¨v wb‡Z ABebvÕ ZLb eZ©gv‡b GKRb
†QvUMíKv‡ii f~wgKv Kx nIqv DwPZ, Zv †evanq eywS‡q ejvi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
wK‰‧ welqwU wk‡íi kix‡i i‡³i g‡Zv cÖevwnZ KivB †jL‡Ki KvR| KvRwU KwVb
Zey Zv Zuvi R‡b¨ KZ©e¨| Ôgvby‡li RMr †h †jL‡Ki mvg‡b aª e n‡q Av‡Q|Õ (abëv` nvmvb
AvwRRyj nK) Zuvi G KwVb c_ bv gvwo‡q Dcvq †bB| wK‰‧ hZ KwVbB †nvK AwfÁZv I
wkí‡PZbvq mZZv I †hvM¨Zv AR©‡b cwikªgx n‡j wZwb Zv †c‡q hv‡ebB|
ûgvqyb Kwei Zuvi GKwU Mí ÔAvZ¥NvZx NwoÕ‡Z †`wL‡q‡QbÕ mgq Kx A‡gvN I
h_vh_| H M‡í †`Lv hv‡‪Q, R‣bK e¨w³ GKUvi ci GKUv bvbv avZe c`v_© wM‡j Lv‡‪Q|
GB ¸Y †m Zvi c~e©cyi ‡li KvQ †_‡K iß K‡i‡Q| wK‰‧ hLb †m Nwo †L‡Z †Mj, ZLb Nwoi
KuvUv Zv‡K we× Kij, †m wbnZ nj| cÖZxKx GB M‡íi e³e¨ AZ¨‰‭ ¯úó|
wK‰‧ Zey GUv bv-†g‡b Dcvq †bB, mgq‡K Zvi A‡gvN AvNv‡Zi R‡b¨ cÖ¯‧Z Ki‡Z nq|
Kv‡ji gw‱ìv †Zv evR‡QB, Rvbv‡‪QB GB evZ©v wK‰‧ Avgiv †jL‡Kiv, †QvUMíKviiv Zv
ïbwQ wK?
Drm: cÖ_g cÖKvk: AvbIqvi Avng` m¤úvw`Z ÔiƒcgÕ Ryb-AvM÷, Õ79 msL¨v| cwigvwR©Z,
gvP©, Õ12|
[ †jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, AemicÖvß| ]
147
cÖm½ evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí
Kv g i“ ¾v gv b Rv nv ½x i
ivóª †Zv eiveiB GK f~-ivR‣bwZK msMVb, GwU Ggb GK ms¯ v †hLv‡b GKUv mxgvbvi
wfZi gvbyl bv‡gi wKQy cÖvY _vK‡e, Zv‡ì kvmb Kivi GKUv ¯^xK…Z Kvh©Ki c×wZI
_vK‡e| Avgiv GgbB GK evsjv‡`‡ki Mí wb‡q wKQy K_v eje| evsjv‡`‡ki Mí Ggwb‡ZB
Lye †c‡ikvwb‡Z Av‡Q| KLbI KLbI g‡b nq, G e‡ov GwZg gva¨g, Ggb †¯øv, Ggb
Amnvq wkígva¨g †hb Avi †bB| Mí w`‡q Av‡`․ wKQy nq wKbv ZvI †KD †KD e‡jb|
Av‪Qv, Mí wK †dwiIqvjv; wKsev evRv‡ii †ek¨v? wb‡R‡K euvwP‡q ivLvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K wewj
K‡i hv‡‪Q gvÎ! wb‡Ri bq, †hb Ac‡ii kw³‡ZB Gi iƒc, Gi im, Gi MÜ wb‡‪Q? Avi GUv
Ggb GK RvwZi (evsjv‡`‡ki Mí gv‡b †Zv evOvwji MíB!) Mí wnmv‡e †`L‡Z PvBwQ, hvi
†Kv‡bv BwZnvm †bB| ew¼gP‱`ª †Kvb& BwZnv‡mi K_v e‡j‡QbÑ wbðqB wjwLZ BwZnv‡mi
K_v? †mB BwZnvm †K wjL‡e, ZvI wZwb e‡j‡Qb| mevB wjL‡eÑ gv‡b whwb evOvwj wZwbB
wjL‡eb| Z‡e †jLvi welqUv ïi ‡ZB wK¬qvi Ki‡Z nq †h ew¼‡gi Avh©AvwkªZ Õev½vjxÕ
A‡bK Av‡MB e`‡j †M‡Q| wZwb †Zv gymjgvb‡K Õev½vjxÕ ej‡eb wKbv Zv wVK Ki‡ZB
†P․Ïevi †f‡e‡QbÑ evsjvfvlvi †e․×-wLª÷vb‡ì K_v wZwb ejvi ìKviB g‡b K‡ibwb|
hvB †nvK, evOvwj ms¯‥…wZ †Zv Avi ew¼g ØvivB †Kej m„wRZ bq! hvB †nvK, M‡íi Mí
wnmv‡e cÖ_‡gB Avgvq ixwZg‡Zv nZwen″j Ae¯ vq co‡Z nq; Avgvi cÖ‡qvMK…Z wk‡ivbvgB
Avgvq nZPwKZ Kivi `vwqZ¡Uv †bq!Ñ evsjv‡`‡ki Mí Zvn‡j Avjv`v K‡i wKQy _vK‡Z nq!
AvR Gfv‡e Avgiv Zvn‡j fve‡ZI cviwQ| Av‪Qv, GB †h Gfv‡e fve‡Z _vKv, ev wb‡R‡K
G-ai‡bi •PZ‡b¨ Rov‡bvi cÖeYZv, Zv wK mgKvjxb †Kv‡bv fvebv-eë¯ vcbv bq? Avgv‡ì
ivóª, GB evsjv‡`k, Zvn‡j Gfv‡e Avgv‡ì‡K w`‡q fvev‡‪Q| G †Zv Av‡iK gykwKj, iv‡óªi
wK nvZ-cv-gyL-eyK-gv_v Av‡Q †h Gfv‡e gvbweK wµqvK‡g© wjß n‡e? GKUv mgq wQj,
gv‡b, (ivóªfvebv hLb †kªYxmsMÖv‡gi GKUv Kvh©Kvi‡Y Abvqv‡m †Q‡o w`Zvg) ZLb
Abvqv‡mB e‡j w`Zvg, Av‡i ivóª n‡‪Q GKUv PzwZqv, f~-ivR‣bwZK GKLvb c×wZ gvÎ,
†hLv‡b †kªYx‡kvlY Rvwi ivLvi eë¯ v _v‡K gvÎ| †Zv, GLbI wK Zv †bB? ivóª wK Ggb
gaygq †¶Î n‡q †Mj †h ZveZ †kvl‡Yi K_v Avi ej‡Z cviwQ bv, ev, ej‡Z PvBwQ bv! meB
Av‡Q, Avgiv K‡c©v‡iU `ywbqv Avi GbwRI bv‡gi PvKwP‡Kï Kv‡Q weKí fvebvi wfZi
MgbvMgb KiwQ gvÎ| ivóª Zvi Ae¯ v‡bB ïay †bB, eis Rv‰‭eZv weKv‡ki bvbvb †K․k‡ji
Kv‡Q wb‡R‡K mu‡cI w`‡‪Q| GgbB GK Ae¯ vq Avgiv evsjv‡`‡ki Mí wb‡q wKQy K_v ejvi
Rb¨B k‡ãi ci kã ewm‡q hvw‪Q|
148
Avwg Aek¨ Míiƒ‡ci K_vi evB‡i †Kv‡bv eë¯ vcbv‡KB gvb‡Z cvwi bv; †KD
cvi‡eb e‡jI g‡b nq bv| K_v‡Z K_v ev‡o, K_v P‡j, K_vi gyw`ªZ iƒcB GKmgq Mí
nq| K_v‡Z hLb kvm‡bi cÖ‡qvRb, mvgvwRK DcvL¨vb‡K GKUv f~-ivR‣bwZK ms¯ vq iƒc
†`qv cÖ‡qvRb, kvm‡bi cÖwµqv‡K GKUv ¯ vqx iƒc †`qvi ìKvi n‡q c‡o, ZLbB iv‡óªi
DrcwËUvI Ri wi n‡q c‡o| Gfv‡eB RMrgq bvbvb iv‡óªi DrcwË, fvsPzi ev we¯‭vi †`wL|
cÖ‡Z¨K iv‡óªiB Mí Avjv`v m„wRZ nq| wKsev ejv hvq, gvbyl ivóª‣bwZKfv‡e Avjv`v M‡íi
RM‡Z evm K‡i| Avgiv †ZgbB evsjv‡`k bv‡gi iv‡óª evm Kwi; Zv‡Z GB †`‡ki bvbvb Mí
Avgv‡ì Lv‡Z Avq nq| Avgiv bvbvb LvZ‡K bvbvfv‡e we‡qvRbI Ki‡Z PvB| Gfv‡eB
iv‡óªiI Mí nq| Avgiv AwZ mnR wn‡m‡e a‡i wbB †`kUv `yBevi ¯^vaxb n‡q‡QÑ GKevi
1947-G, Abëvi 1971-G| GUv n‡‪Q ivóª‣bwZKZv †`Lvi AwZ UªvwWkbvj iƒc| G e‡ov
A ¢yZÑ Avgiv Zv‡Z †`L‡Z PvB bv iv‡óªi wfZiB iv‡óªi fvOb nq, iv‡óªi wbR¯^
Kvq`v‡K․k‡ji wfZi iv‡óªi wewPÎ me Mí Rgv nq|
Avgiv hLb Avgv‡ì GB iv‡óªi ¯^vaxbZvi K_v fvee, ZLb Zv ïay Õ47 Avi Õ71-
Gi wfZi mxwgZ Ki‡jB ZveZ ¯^vaxbZvi K_v ejv nq bv| GB Rbc‡ì gvbyl hZevi
¯^vaxbZvi K_v †f‡e‡Q, G‡Z wb‡R‡ì wb‡qvM w`‡q‡Q, GgbwK jovB-msMÖvg K‡i‡Q, Gi
meB ¯^vaxbZvi M‡í Rgv n‡e| Avgiv GLv‡b †h M‡íi K_v ewj, Zv nqZ KviI KviI Kv‡Q
†mªd K_KZv g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Avgiv g‡b Ki‡Z PvB, Mí gvbylZvi hZ m„RbkxjZv
Av‡Q, me Zv‡ZB Gi kwiKvbv `vwe Kiv hvq| Avgiv †h ¯^vaxbZvi Mí Rvwb, hv Avgv‡ì
Rvbv‡bv nq, Gi cÖvq meB cÖvejëv`x †kªYxi Mí| †mB MíB ZLb-ZLb h_v_© cÖK…Z
wbi‡c¶ Mí e‡j `vwe Kiv nq| †hgb, evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi Mí gv‡bB ¶gZvi
Askx`vwi‡Z¡i Mí| †h‡nZz ¯^vaxbZvi g~j w¯úwiU G‡m‡Q †kL gywRe Z_v AvIqvgx jx‡Mi
RvZxqZvev`x Av‡‱`vjb †_‡K, Kv‡RB Avgv‡ì gyw³msMÖvg gv‡bB AvIqvgx jx‡MiB
gyw³msMÖvg| wK‰‧ gvby‡li msMÖvg Avi ¶gZv wewbg‡qi cÖvej¨Zv †Zv ïay GKgywL wQj bv|
Gi Askx`vi Acivci kw³I †c‡q‡Q| Z‡e ¯^vaxbZvi g~j `vwe`vi evsjv‡`wk bv‡gi
RvZxZvev`x kw³B `vwe Ki‡Q| G‡Z †`vl hw` wKQy _v‡K Z‡e H ¶gZvi, RvZxqZvev‡ì|
KviY RvZxqZvev` KLbI Acivci cÖvejëv`‡K Z¨vM K‡i bv| ev, ejv hvq, Acivci
¶gZvai kw³Ñ †hgb, ag©, ivóªxq ¶gZvi Avavi, `„k¨wehy³ K‡jvwbqvj cvIqvi Gi mv‡_
†hv` †`q| Avgv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi AcMíI Av‡Q, †mB Mí cÖengvb †i‡L‡Q ¯^vaxbZvi we‡ivax
Ackw³| Gi evB‡i AviI GK Mí Av‡Q, †h M‡íi m„RbKZ©v n‡‪Qb wbg′eMx©q RbZv| Ges
GB M‡íi evnK n‡‪Q Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k weivRbgvb †jvKMí| GB M‡í ga¨weË †bB, gyw`ªZ
Mí †bB, hv Av‡Q Zvi bvg gy‡L gy‡L †dwi Kiv †jvKRxe‡bi Mí| GB M‡í †Kv‡bv †NvlYv
ev Av‡`k-wb‡`©k †bB, Zv‡Z Av‡Q gvby‡li we‡eK, wb‡R‡ì jvwjZ we‡ePbv| †mB we‡ePbv
†_‡KB GB †`‡ki jyw½-MvgQv cwiwnZ †PvÏAvbv gyw³‡hv×v jovB-msMÖvg K‡i‡QÑ cÖvY
w`‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì gyL MíÕi ¯§„wZ †_‡K ¯§„wZ‡Z åvg¨gvY Av‡Q| Zviv ¯^vaxbZvi e‡ov †Kv‡bv
c`K cvqwb, ivóªxq ¯^xK…wZ cvqwb| KviY Zv‡ì †Kv‡bv KÉ †bB, †køvMvb †bB| GgbwK
`jI †bB| †h mg¯‭ `j gyw³hy‡× Ask wb‡q‡Q Zvi cÖvq meB ¶gZvi Kv‡Q wb‡R‡ì wewj‡q
w`‡Z Zrci wQj| GLv‡b RvZxqZvev‡ì A‰‭M©Z GKai‡bi K‡jvwbqvj cvIqvi‡K wb‡R‡ì
g‡Zv K‡iB eënvi Ki‡Z _v‡K| †mB ¶gZv KLbI fvlv , KLbI-ev ag©‡K Avkªq K‡i Zvi
kvLv-cÖkvLv MRvq| GgbwK ZLbKvi †cÖ¶vc‡U mgvRe`‡ji K_v e‡j, A_©‣bwZK gyw³i
149
bv‡g AvR¸we me dgy©jv Rvwi Ki‡Z _v‡K| Gi wecix‡Z hviv wQj Zviv Avjv`v GK
ivR‣bwZK-mvs¯‥…wZK RvMi‡Y Ask wb‡Z †P‡q‡Q| gyw³i msMÖvg‡K cÖjw¤^Z Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Q|
Zviv gyw³hy‡×i d‡j Rbms¯‥…wZi gyw³i †h cÖej †XD G‡mwQj, Zv‡Z kwiK n‡Z †P‡q‡Q|
†KD Avevi ¶gZvi cÖve‡j¨ GgbB nZwen″j n‡q‡Q †h Zv‡ì Avi †`LvB †Mj bv| wK‰‧
ZLb gvby‡li gyw³wccvmy g‡bi K_v ¯§iY Ki‡ZB n‡e| ZvB †Zv gvbegyw³i jovKz gvbyliv
AveviI gyw³i msMÖvg ZLb wPb‡Z Pvq| wfb′ avivi Mí m„wRZ nq| †mB M‡íi gvbyliv jovB
K‡i, wb‡R‡ì weKvk NUvq, evovq Dc‡i wb‡P bq, Rwgb †Nu‡l †Nu‡l, wkKo ev‡o wkK‡oi
wkKo a‡i, Pvicvk Nv‡mi ggZv w`‡q Rwo‡q cu¨vwP‡q evovq| G n‡‪Q Rb-BwZnv‡mi
Avjv`v Mí| Rb-Mí| Zviv µgk K‡b©j Zv‡ni ev wmivR wkK`vi n‡Z Pvq| Zv‡ì `j ûû
K‡i K‡i ùxZKvq n‡Z _v‡K| wK‰‧ Zv Avi P~ov‰‭ j‡¶ï Mí n‡Z cv‡iwb| †m Avjv`v
Mí| †mB M‡íi K_KZvI Avjv`v K‡iB iwPZ n‡e| Avgiv ¯^vaxbZvi Mí‡K AviI wcQb
w`K †_‡KB eis †`wL|
Avgiv hLb Õ47-Gi Kw_Z ¯^vaxbZvi Mí Kie, ZLbB Avgiv gymjgvb mgv‡Ri
DÌv‡bi M‡í gb jvMv‡Z eva¨ ne| Avgiv gymjgvb‡ì †h Mí Rvwb, DÌv‡bi cÖK…Z Kvwnbx
Rvwb, Gi meB wkw¶Z gymjgv‡bi DÌv‡bi KvwnbxÑ eive‡ii g‡ZvB wbg′eMx©q Mí ARvbv
A‡Pbv KÚnxbB †_‡K †M‡Q| KviY Zv‡ì fvlv †bB, fvlveë¯ vcbvq Ask †bqvi ¶gZv
†bB| d‡j, GLvbKvi gymjgvb‡ì DÌv‡bi Mí gv‡bB e‡ov‡Rvi gymwjg ga¨we‡Ëi Mí|
Avgiv wVK Rvwb bv, GLvbKvi kZKiv KZ gymjgvb wKfv‡e gymjgvwbZ¡ AR©b Kij| Avgiv
GLvbKvi gymjgv‡ì gymjgvb nIqvi wfZi ai‡bi cÖwµqv †`wL, 1. mgZv, 2. ggZv, 3.
¶gZvi AuvPj a‡iB Zviv gymjgvb n‡q‡Q| cÖ_gZ Avgiv †`wL mgZvi welqwUBÑ RvZcvZ
Avi D‪PeMx©q wn‱`y‡ì wbcxo‡b GLvbKvi wbg′eMx©q wn‱`y m¤cÖ`vq gymjgvb nq| wØZxqZ,
wci-ì‡ek-AvIwjqv-mywd mvaK‡ì Acvi gvqvi †Kvjvn‡j †KD †KD gymjgvb nq| hviv
gymjgvb evbv‡jv Zv‡ì A‡b‡KB Avevi GB Rj-nvIqv-Rsjvi †`k †Q‡o Avi Zv‡ì
AwiwRbvj f~wg‡Z wd‡i hvqwb| Av‡iKUv †kªYxi K_v ejv hvq, †hLv‡b wfb′agx©iv gymjgvb
n‡q‡Q Ges Zv GLvbKvi kvm‡bi `vc‡U, AZ¨vPv‡i ev ¶gZvi †jv‡f| Avm‡j gymjgvb
nIqvi †Kv‡bv mwVK wnmve wK‰‧ †Kv_vI †bB| Zey Ggb GKUv aviYv Kiv nq †h gymjgvb
nIqvi †h Mí Pvjy Av‡Q Zv‡Z Dc‡iv³ AbycvZ n‡Z cv‡i h_vµ‡g 70%, 20%, 10%|
Avi GB †h gymjgvb nIqvi ev †_‡K hvIqvi Mí G‡Z 5%I D‪PeMx©q gvbe †bB| Zvi
gv‡b GB Rbc‡` gymjgv‡bi Mí gv‡bB GB m¤cÖ`v‡qi wbg′e‡M©iB Mí| A_P †mB M‡íi
wjwLZ †Zgb iƒc †bB; hv Av‡Q Zv K_ïƒcB| Zvi gv‡b Avgiv hLb Avgv‡ì GB c~e©e½
Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki f~-ivR‣bwZK Avi mvs¯‥…wZK BwZK_vi Mí eje ev Rvb‡Z PvBe Zv‡Z
K_ïƒcB gyL¨ nIqvi `vwe iv‡L| Avgiv GLv‡b Bwjqv‡mi GKUv AwZ cÖPvwiZ K_b‡K ¯§iY
Kwi; †QvUMí wK g‡i hv‡‪Q?, giv‡RZvi GB Avk¼v GLv‡b cÖPvwiZ nj, Zv †Zv gyw`ªZ M‡íi
K_vB ejv n‡‪Q| Avgiv †mB gyw`ªZ M‡íi Mí‡KB M‡íi mvivrmvi a‡i wb‡q hveZxq nv-
ûZvk wbg©vY Ki‡Z AvwQ! A_P Gi mv‡_ K_vi †_ªv‡Z Pvjy _vKvi Mí Avgiv g‡b ivL‡ZB
PvBwQ bv! ïay fvlv bq, bq ïay fvlvi RvMwZK iƒc; Rxe‡bi Kj¨vYKi ïf‡eva‡K bó Kivi
c~e©kZ©mg~n Rxe‡bi mgv‡Ri iv‡óªi •PZbïƒc‡K cv‡ë w`‡‪Q| •btk‡ãï wewPÎiƒc Rxeb‡K
e`‡j w`‡‪Q; Avgv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb †mBme ¯ v‡b h_v_© kã, Bw½Z, fvegqZv Qwo‡q †`qv| GLb
cÖ‡qvRb wdwRK¨vj †÷vwi Ñ hv M‡íi cÖwZôvbwea″smx iƒc fqsKi hvZbvkªqx Mí‡K cÖwZnZ
150
Ki‡e, •RweKfv‡e ZvB GKai‡bi g~Z© ¯ú„nv nIqv evÃbxq| M‡íi Ggb `yw`©‡b Mí‡K wb‡q
bZzb hvÎv Ki‡Z n‡e, †mB bZzb gvÎvi bZzb hvÎv ïi  Kiv ìKvi| cÖwZôv‡bi cÖwZ
`vqe×Zvi Kvq`v‡K․kj †f‡O-¸uwo‡q †`qvi •PZb¨ D`q nIqv ìKvi, fvlvgyw³i beZi
A½b •Zwi Ki‡Z bv-cvi‡j M‡íi AvcvZ gyw³ m¤¢e bq|
mvZPwjø‡k †`kfv‡Mi †h Mí Avgiv Rvwb Zvi A‡bKwKQyB ga¨we‡Ëi Kvwnbx gvÎ|
Zvi A‡bKUvB G‡m‡Q wØRvwZ‡Ë¡i gva¨‡g cÖvß †`kfv‡Mi AvnvRvwi †_‡KB| Avi wKQy
G‡m‡Q gymjgvwb †Rvk †_‡K| GB GjvKvi wbg′e‡M©i wbe©vK gymjgv‡bi †Kv‡bv BwZnvm
†mLv‡b †bB| mbvZb wn‱`ymn Acivci wbg′eMx©q gvby‡li K_vI Avgiv cvB bv| Zv cvB bv,
KviY Zvi BwZnvmB †bB| KviY Zv‡ì nv‡Z mvs¯‥…wZK m„RbkxjZvi †Kv‡bv nvwZqvi †bB,
BwZnv‡mi gvj-gkjøv †bB| Ges BwZnvm cÖPviKvix eiveiB g‡b K‡i‡Q wbg′e‡M©i Avjv`v
†Kv‡bv BwZnvm _vKvi †Zv K_v bq!
GB Rbc‡ì wbg′eMx©q gymjgvb ev Acivci wbg′eMx©q RvwZ‡Mvôx †Kv‡bv ai‡bi
†clY‡KB mn¨ Ki‡Z Pvqwb| ZvB Avgiv bvwZ`~i BwZnvm, gv‡b GKvË‡i †hgb †`‡LwQ,
Avgiv †`‡LwQ Õ47 ev 1905-Gi e½f‡½i mgq| ZLb GB Rbc‡ì gvbyliv we‡kl K‡i
wbg′e‡M©i gymjgvbiv K‡jvwbqvj kw³i KvQ †_‡K †hgb wb‡R‡ì‡K Avjv`v n‡Z †P‡q‡Q
†Zgwb D‪PeMx©q Avh©RvwZi †clY †_‡K Zviv gyw³ †P‡q‡Q| Zviv cvwK¯‭vb GB Rb¨ Pvqwb
†h Zviv †mLv‡b mv‪Pv gymjgvb n‡Z cvi‡e| Zvn‡j AwZ Aí mg‡q Õ48 ev Õ52-Gi
mvs¯‥…wZK jovB Avgiv †`LZvg bv|
GLb G K_vI n‡Z cv‡i, evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi Mí †kvbv‡Z wM‡q Avgiv RvwZiv‡óªi
Mí †Kb †kvbvw‪Q! Zv †kvbvw‪Q GB Rb¨ †h M‡í f~-ivR‣bwZK K_KZv Avb‡Z PvB‡j Zv‡Z
agx©q mvgvwRK †cÖ¶vcU P‡jB Av‡m| hvB †nvK, Avgiv RvwZa‡g©i Mí Ki‡Z wM‡q M‡íi †h
weKv‡ki BwZnvm †`wL Zv wbðqB Avgiv fy‡j _vK‡Z PvBwQ bv| GKRb •mq` IqvjxDjøvn
ev kIKZ Imgvb ev •mq` n‡Ki Mí Ki‡Z wM‡q Avgiv †Zv iweVvKzi ev mZxbv_-my‡eva-
b‡i‱`ª-ebdzj ev KgjKzgv‡ii K_v fy‡j _vKwQ bv| Zv‡Zv †fvjv hvqI bv| Avgiv M‡íi
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q Gi cÖMwZkxjZvi w`KwU †hgb †Lqvj Ki‡Z PvB, †Zgwb wk‡íi ¯^vaxb
mËvweKv‡ki bvbvb w`K wb‡q K_v eje| †Zgwb, c~e©e½ †Kb M‡íi †_ªv‡ZI cwðge½ †_‡K
Avjv`v n‡q h‪‪Q †mB MíI Kiv ìKvi|
Mí bvbvb mvs¯‥…wZK Aven‡K jvjb K‡i| Gi cÖavb w`KwU Avgiv cvB gvK©mxq
b‱`bZ‡Ë¡i †_ªv‡Z| Avgiv G avivi MíKvi wnmv‡e cvB gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq, kIKZ Imgvb,
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, `x‡c‱`ªbv_, nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, •mq` kvgmyj nK, mvBwq`
AvwZKzjøvn, Rwni ivqnvb, nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb, Kv‡qm Avn‡g`, kIKZ Avjx, †mwjbv
†nv‡mb, †evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi, knx` mv‡ei, gÄy miKvi, nwic` `Ë, Avng` ekxi,
mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi, gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei, gwbiv Kv‡qm, kwn`yj Rnxi, gvgyb ûmvBb, gnxeyj
AvwRR, BgwZqvi kvgxg, bvmwib Rvnvb, †èvwkm fÆvPvh©, †mwjg †gvi‡k` cÖg‡y Li bvg|
Aciw`‡K mvs¯‥…wZK Kjv‣Kejëv`‡KB hviv †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv fv‡e Zv‡ì m„RbkxjZvi
mvi_x K‡i‡Qb, Zviv n‡‪Qb iweVvKzi, RM`xk ¸ß, my‡eva †Nvl, mZxbv_ fv`ywo, •mq`
IqvjxDjøvn&, gvngy`yj nK, myPwiZ †P․ayix, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, wiwRqv ingvb, Ave`yj
gvb′vb •mq`, wecÖ`vk eo‬qv, ivnvZ Lvb, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, ikx` nvq`vi, Avj gvngy`,
ûgvq~b Avn‡g`, Bg`v`yj nK wgjb, Iqvwm Avn‡g`, •mq` gbRyi j Bmjvg, KvRj
151
kvn‡bIqvR, cvi‡fR †nv‡mb, myeªZ AMvw÷b †Mv‡gR, eªvZ¨ ivBmy, ûgvq~b gvwjK, •mq`
wiqvRyi ikx`, kwn`yj Avjg, wek¦wRr †P․ayix, cv‡fj cv_© cÖg‡y Li bvg| be″B Avgv‡ì
`kK; GB mgq Avgiv †P‡qwQ M‡íi fyeb‡K Av‡iK Av`‡j †cu․‡Q w`‡Z| Z‡e GB mg‡q
Avwg †h gyw`ªZ M‡íi K_KZv wb‡q wKQy K_v eje, †mB M‡íi cÖvY‡fvgiv †h ga¨weË Zv‡K
†Zv †Pbv gykwKj| G ga¨weË e`‡jB ïay hv‡‪Q bv; Avwk‡ZI Zvi †h †ZR wQj, jovB-
we¶zäZv Zvi wfZi wQj Zv Avi cvIqv hv‡‪Q bv| `ywbqvi wbqg-cÖYvjx, K‡c©v‡iU `ywbqv,
ciRxex A_©bxwZ Gi †Pnviv cv‡ë w`‡‪Q| hviv GB mg‡qi Míf~eb‡K Avjv`v PwiÎ-†gRvR-
†R¨vwZ w`‡Z †ci‡Qb Zv‡ì wfZi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ n‡‪Qb kvnv`y¾vgvb, cÖkv‰‭ g„av, gwkDj
Avjg, ivqnvb ivBb, PÂj Avkivd, Avngv` †gv¯‭dv Kvgvj, †LvKb Kvqmvi, RvwKi
ZvjyK`vi, Aw`wZ dvêybx, gvneye †gv‡k©`, mv` Kvgvjx, ivLvj ivnv, †kL jyrdi, iweDj
Kwig, wgR©v Zv‡ni Rvwgj, ivRxe b~i, cvcwo ingvb, kvn&bvR gyb′x, kvnxb AvLZvi, †ivKb
ingvb, gvmy`yj nK, AvKgj †nv‡mb wbcy, Avey †nbv †gv¯‭dv Gbvg, ivRv mwn`yj Avmjvg,
kvgxg AvRv`, AwmZ wek¦vm, kvgxg †iRv, gwb nvq`vi, miKvi Avkivd, gvmygj y Avjg,
Kvgi j û`v cw_K, †Rmwgb gyb&bx, bvwmgv †mwjg AwjK cªgLy | GB bvg AviI `xN© Kiv
†hZ; Avgiv †hB Kvj †_‡K, k~b¨ `k‡KI G‡K Uvbv †hZ| Zv AvcvZZ Kiv nqwb| KviY
Zv AviI ch©‡e¶‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| Z‡e GUv ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB n‡e, GKUv mgq wQj, †mB
lvU `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS mgq †_‡KB gvK©mxq b‱`bZ‡Ë¡i cÖfve GZ †ewk wQj †h ZviB `vc‡U
Míxq wkímvabvi gy³¯^vaxb c‰ v †hb bR‡iB Avm‡Z PvBZ bv| nqZ-ev Gi d‡jB gvû`yj
nK, myPwiZ †P․ayixiv 60-70 `k‡K †Zgb bR‡iB Av‡mwb KviI KviI|
GB †h Mí wb‡q GZ K_v, GZ evZ©v nÕj, Gi Wvjcvjv, fvlv, weivgwPý, Gi
MgbvMgb ev bv‡Rj, wbg¾b wb‡q K_v nÕj; Zvn‡j M‡íi mv‡_ GLbKvi cÖwZôv‡bi m¤úK©
†Kgb n‡Z cv‡i Zv LvwbK †`Lv hvK| Z‡e G wb‡q fvevfvwei wKQy bvB| KviY, Kvh©Z Zv
my‡Li nq bv| KviY cÖK…Z m„Rbjxjv‡K me cÖwZôvbB kvm‡b ivLvi gZj‡e iv‡L| Mí hLb
K_vq wQj, ZLbI GgbwU nZ; GLbI, GB gy`ªY-m„Rb-†`L‡bi Kv‡jI ZvB nq| mi‡e,
bxi‡e GKai‡bi †`ªv‡ni wfZiB Zvi Kvj cvi nq|
†h‡nZz Zv evsjv‡`‡ki Mí wb‡q wKQy K_v ejv n‡e; GLv‡b gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZvi K_v
†Zv Avm‡eB| Avgiv †`‡L †be GKRb gvbyl KZ`~i hvq- KZ`~i Zvi ¯^vaxbZv _v‡K| gvbyl
Avm‡j cy‡ivcywi ¯^vaxb KLbI †Kv‡bv GKw`b wQj †Zv! Avm‡j gvbyl ZZ`~iB †h‡Z hvq,
A‰‭Z hvIqvi evmbv iv‡L, hZ`~i †M‡j Zvi ¯^vaxbZv cy‡ivcywi cvq| Z‡e Zv KLbI cvq
e‡j g‡b nq bv| Avgiv †h ¯^vaxbZvi wfZi _vwK, †h cÖwZôv‡bi wfZi _vwK, Zv‡Z cÖvK…wZK
¯^vaxbZv ¶zb′ n‡eB| gvby‡li BwZnvm n‡‪Q cÖvK…wZK ¯^vaxbZv‡K †Kvievwb †`qvi BwZnvm|
†mB ¯^vaxbZvi wccvmvq gvby‡li i‡Ü« i‡Ü« i‡³i wfZi w`‡q engvb _vK‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e
cÖwZôvb evi-eviB †mB evmbv‡K wbq‰¿Y Ki‡Z _v‡K| RM‡Zi mg¯‭ ¯^vaxbZvB GK-GKUv
UªvbwR‡q‱U eë¯ vcbv gvÎ| Zvi gv‡b ¯^vaxbZv n‡‪Q GK Pjgvb cÖwµqvi bvg! ivóª †Zv
me‡P‡q AM©vbvBRW cÖwZôvb| Kv‡RB cÖwZôvb wb‡q evZwPZ Ki‡Z G‡KB me©v‡½ we‡ePbv
Kiv jv‡M!
†Zv Avgiv hLbB Avgv‡ì evsjv‡`‡ki Mí wb‡q K_v eje, ZLbB Zv‡Z †gvUvgywU
wZbai‡bi •bwZK cÖeYZv †`LeÑ1. mgvR cÖMwZi aviv, 2. fvlvwfwËK aviv, 3. ag©wfwËK
aviv| Z‡e Avgvi K_v n‡‪Q, hZ avivq _vK, me Zv‡ZB GKRb m„Rbkxj gvby‡li ¯^Ztù~Z©
152
•RweKZv e¨vnZ n‡eB| iv‡óªi KvRB n‡‪Q f~-ivR‣bwZK bxwZK_v wb‡q, Gi bvbvb
eë¯ vcbv w`‡q, †hgb AvBb-Av`vjZ, wk¶v-cÖwZôvb, msweavb, ag©, mvgvwRK AvPviwbôv
wb‡q gvbylZv‡K GKai‡bi wewai wfZi ivLv| gvby‡li †g․wjK m„RbkxjZvB µgvMZ
MígyLi Rxebcv‡Z KvR K‡i Ges Zv‡Z †mB k„‫‫‬L‡ji mv‡_ µgvMZ †evSvcov Kiv, GgbwK
G‡K †gvKv‡ejv Kiv| M‡íi g‡Zv µgvMZ m„Rbkxj •kwíKZvqI Zv n‡eB| Gi cÖMwZkxj
MYZ‰¿‡Nulv weKvk cÖ‡qvRb| †kªYxi we‡jvc Avwg ïay bB, A‡b‡KB Pvq; mgvR‡K, we‡klZ
A_©‣bwZK KvVv‡gv eyS‡Z gv‡·©i wP‰Ív‡PZbvi Ic‡i GLbI wKQy †bq| me gvby‡li
A_©‣bwZK gyw³ ìKvi| wK‰‧ Gi d‡j m„RbkxjZvi aibUv †Kgb n‡e, m„Rbkxj kªg wnmv‡e
†jLv‡jwL iv‡óªi †Kvb ch©v‡q _vKv ìKvi, ivóªKvVv‡gvi cwieZ©‡b m„RbkxjZvi †Kv‡bv
ch©vq‡K nZPwKZ K‡i wKbv Zv †f‡e †`Lvi welq| ivóª‡K wK Avgiv †Kej gvw·©R‡gi Ici
†Q‡o †`qvi Kvgbv Kie? gvby‡li Ggb eûgyLx ¯^vaxbZv wK GKUv A_©‣bwZK KvVv‡gvi
IciB †Kej ùvwo‡q _vK‡e? †Kej A_©bxwZev`x K¨vWviivB me wbq‰¿Y Ki‡e ev Kiv DwPZ
e‡j Avgv‡ì †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib bv| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv MíKv‡ii Mí gvby‡li ¯^vaxbZvi K_v
fv‡e, •RweK Z…òv †Kej †kªYxwe‡jv‡c wgU‡e wKbv Zv †f‡e †`Lvi welq| Avwg †¯^vcvwR©Z
¯^vaxbZvi K_v fvweÑ Avwg Avgvi mvabvi Ck¦iZ¡ PvB| Avgvi Kv‡Q †Kv‡bv Avwg©-i¨ve-
cywjkIjv ivóª Kvg¨ bq| wk‡íi Ck¦iZ¡ wb‡RB m„Rb Kiv ìKvi| b‱`bgyLi GKUv MíI
ZvB nqZ PvqÑ Avgv‡ì Mí Z‡e †mfv‡eB Avm‡Z cv‡i nqZ|
Z‡e Avgiv M‡íi †h RvqMv-Rwg‡b AvwQ, hv Avgiv PPv© KiwQ, Zv wK Avgv‡ì? GB
Avgiv Kviv? Avgiv nw‪Q ivóªAvwkªZ gvbyl, hvi mxgvbv, BwZnvm Av‡Q, Zvi Ici kvmb-Îvmb
Av‡Q| d‡j M‡íi Avjv`v bv‱`wbKZvI cÖKvk cv‡e| wK‰‧ Avgiv GKv‡WwgK¨vwj †h M‡íi
RM‡Z _vwK Zv Avgv‡ì GB Rj-nvIqvi fv‡jvevmvq F× n‡‪Q bv| G M‡íi Mob, †gRvR,
A‰‭M©Z kw³ ïi -ga¨RMr-wdwbwks Ñ Gi me BD‡ivcRvZ| Avgiv M‡í †m ¯^fve-PwiÎ cvB
Zvi A‡bKUvB Avgv‡ì evsjv‡`‡ki Av‡jv-nvIqv‡K wi‡cÖ‡R‱U Ki‡Q bv| Avgiv ga¨weË‡K
mvwe©Kfv‡e wPwýZ Ki‡Z cviwQ bv| wbg′e‡M©i mv‡_ Zvi †evSvcovi aibUv wVK Ki‡Z cviwQ
wK? GgbwK M‡íi K_¨-BwZnvmI Zv‡Z †hb †bB| Rj-nvIqvi †gRv‡R G‡Z BD‡ivwcqvb
KvjPvi Av‡Q, Avgv‡ì RjgM′ Rxe‡bi †mB cik Avgiv A‰‭Z †KD †KD †Zgb cvB bv|
Avgiv G‡¶‡Î †hb mvs¯‥…wZK AvPi‡Y cy‡ivcywi dj`vqK †KD bB| Avevi †mB †h ejjvg,
M‡íi K_ïƒc Zvi weKvk †Zv †Zgb †bB GLv‡b| Avgiv †mBw`‡K †Zgb hvw‪QB bv|
evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi Ni-†`v‡ii Av‡jvPbvq, wb‡R‡ì‡K Avevi †`‡L †bqvi GB mg‡q AveviI
wb‡R‡ì RMrUv wb‡q bZzb K‡i fve‡Z n‡e •ewK|
M‡íi Mv‡q bvbvb mg‡qi `vM, ¶Z, An¼vi ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB †j‡M Av‡Q, _vK‡e|
G‡Z gvby‡li gyw³i jovB-msMÖvg †hgb Av‡Q, †Zgwb gvbeweKv‡ki bvbvb K_KZv Gi Mv‡q
†Mu‡_ _vK‡eÑ ZvB †Zv ¯^vfvweK| 1756, 1857, 1905, 1947, 1952, 1969, 1971,
1975, 1990 Gi ivR‣bwZK, mvgvwRK K_KZv †Zv Av‡QB; AviI bvbvb f~-ivR‣bwZK,
mvs¯‥…wZK Aven Avgv‡ì M‡í Av‡Q| Míejvi ai‡b, cÖKi‡Y, fvlvq, iƒc-im-M‡Ü G‡m‡Q
A‡bK cwieZ©b| Avgv‡ì ¯§iY Av‡Q †h GB evsjvi Rj-nvIqvi MÜB Avjv`v| †eu‡P
_vKvi aibI Avi mevi g‡Zv bq| K‡c©v‡iU `ywbqv, GbwRIÕi wecyj we¯‭vi, wmwfj
†mvmvBwUi g¨v‡b‡Rej-¤øvb ga¨wPËxq †`ªvn, fvlvgyLi ag©wbi‡c¶ wkímvabv (hvi ivR‣bwZK
mij-cÖwZwbwa n‡Z cv‡ib ZvRDÏxb Avng`) cÖK…Z gvbegyw³i †`ªvngyLi KjZvb‡K e`‡j
153
w`‡q hv‡‪Q| B‱Uvi‡b‡Ui G mg‡q, AvKvk-ms¯‥…wZi GB Kv‡j M‡íi Aeqe, Gi
cÖKv‡ki aib e`‡j hv‡‪Q| AwZ ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB M‡í †mB Qvqv j¶ Kiv hvq| iex‱`ªbv‡_i
†QvU cÖvY †QvU e¨_vi †mB w`bKvj wZwb wb‡RB Kei¯  K‡i †M‡Qb| M‡íi wekvj `ywbqv Zvi
nv‡ZI evi-evi cwiewZ©ZI n‡q‡Q| 47-Gi †`kfvM M‡í Lye GKUv cwieZ©b Avb‡Z
cv‡iwb| lvU `k‡K M‡íi GKUv e‡ov ai‡bi cwieZ©b Av‡Q| Õ70-G G‡m Avgv‡ì
gyw³msMÖv‡gi GKUv cÖfve c‡o, M‡íi me©v‡½ evi ‡ì MÜ, gyw³i hy× †hgb _v‡K, gvby‡li
†R‡M DVv †hgb _v‡K, †Zgwb _v‡K †`wk-jv¤úU¨ we¯‭v‡ii K_KZv| evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨weË
ZLb †_‡KB †Mvqvi-`vcy‡U-†eqvè n‡q †h‡Z _v‡K| Avwk‡Z M‡íi †Pnvivi bvbvb cwieZ©b
nq; mvgwiK-•¯îZ‡‰¿i wei ‡× i ‡L ùvovq| ga¨we‡Ëi GKai‡bi jovKz †gRvR ZLbI
wQj| Z‡e be″B‡qi ïi  †_‡KB ga¨weË `vi Yfv‡e e`‡j †h‡Z ïi  K‡i| Avwk‡ZI GB
ga¨weË †h †`ªvngqZv enb KiZ, Zvi A‡bK e`j NU‡Z _v‡K| gyw`ªZ M‡íi †Pnviv µgk
nZwen″j n‡Z _v‡K| GB mgq M‡í bvbvb G·‡cwi‡g‱U Pj‡Z _vK‡jI †fvMev`x •elwqK
Z„òv Zvi evo‡Z _v‡K| e¨w³ µgk e¨w³me©¯^Zvi P~ov‰‭ gvÎvq †h‡Z _v‡K| gyw`ªZ M‡íi
Avmj KvPvgvj †hvMvo K‡i †h ga¨weË ZviB †Pnviv µgk A‡Pbv nIqv ïi  K‡i| G
welqwU evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi †gRvR wbY©‡q GKUv ìKvwi Abyl½| e¨w³MZfv‡e Avwg
evsjv‡`‡ki M‡í Avb‱`, †cÖg, †¯^vcvwR©Z Ck¦iZ¡ Avi weKvkgvb mvg¨ Pvlvev‡ì c‡¶i
gvbyl| e¨w³i m„RbkxjZvi cÖKvk ìKvi, Z‡e Ab¨Rb‡K †V‡mwP‡c †g‡i bq| cÖ‡Z¨KUv
gvby‡li bv‱`wbK weKvk cÖ‡qvRb| Ges wkíms¯‥…wZi Ab¨me gva¨‡gi m‡nvì wnmv‡e
evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íI µgvMK D‡V Avm‡Z n‡e| Z‡e K_v n‡‪Q, evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi G Avjvcb
GKUv †iLv gvÎ; GKUv ïi  ejv hvqÑ AviI A‡bK †KvwYK Ae¯ v‡b †_‡K G‡K †`Lvi mg~n
m¤¢vebv †_‡K †Mj|
16.4.2012
[ †jLK: M`¨wkíx| m¤úv`K, †QvUKvMR ÔK_vÕ| †ckv: Kg©KZ©v, evsjv‡`k †ijI‡q, PÆMÖvg| ]
154
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí: •efe I wef~wZ
†gv ¯— dv Zv wi Kz j Av n mv b
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi mvwe©K PvwiÎ¨ wb‡q †jLv G wbeÜwU‡Z Avgvi e¨w³MZ gZvgZ
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| `kKIqvwi Av‡jvPbv cQ‱` bv n‡jI †Kv‡bv weKí bv †c‡q Zvi kiYvcb′
n‡qvwQ, †K †Kvb `k‡Ki e‡j we‡ewPZ ev `vwe K‡ib Zv-I Avgvi wVK Rvbv †bB| Ges
GLv‡b ïay cÖ‡qvR‡bi LvwZ‡i wKQymsL¨K †jL‡Ki bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi evB‡i A‡bK
¸Yx †jLK i‡q‡Qb| Kv‡R Kv‡RB GB Av‡jvPbv Kv‡iv g‡bvK‡ói KviY n‡e bv Avkv Kwi|
†QvUMí wb‡q evsjv‡`‡k †KD †KD bT_©K g‰‭e¨ Ki‡jI mvgwMÖKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki
†QvUM‡íi m¤¢vebv †bB e‡j Avgvi g‡b : †hfv‡e †QvUMí ïi  n‡qwQj †mB PÂjZvi K_v
g‡b Ki‡j wKsev ivZviwZ Zvi mdjZvi K_v g‡b Ki‡j Ges Zvi mv‡_ Gi avivevwnK
cwiµgY j¶ Ki‡j Avgiv Avkvev`x n‡Z cvwi| Aek¨ GLv‡b evsjv‡`k‡K Avjv`v Kiv
fvev n‡jI Lye †ewk GB e³‡eï †ni‡di nq bv| GUv wVK †h Gi mewKQyi †hgb wecixZ
wPÎ Av‡Q G‡¶‡Î wKQy wecixZ ev AÜKvi w`K Av‡Q| ew¼gP‱`ª †hgb evsjv mvwnZ¨‡K
KuvPvKjvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡iwQjb Ges hvi †Kv‡bv cvVK ev †µZv wQj bv †miKg ch©v‡q
Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨ AvR †bB| Avgiv A‡bK`~i GwM‡qwQ e‡U|
evsjv †QvUM‡íi †M․i‡ev¾¡j DËivwaKvi enb K‡i P‡j‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí|
G‡`‡ki MíKv‡iiv KZUzKz wKfv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, wKfv‡e bZzb M‡íi f~‡Mvj ev gvbwPÎ
•Zwi K‡i‡Qb Zv †f‡e †`Lvi mgq nq‡Zv dzwi‡q hvq wb| Z‡e Avgv‡ì †QvUM‡íi Fwä
MVb wef~wZ wb‡q bZyb K‡i fveevi mgq G‡m‡Q| Pwjøk ev cÂvk `kK †_‡K k~b¨ `kK
ch©‰‭ A_©vr cÖvq lvU eQi evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí †Kvb †Kvb mg„w×i c_ AwZµg K‡i‡Q wKsev
†Kv‡bv AÜMwj‡Z †m c‡o‡Q wKbv †f‡e †`Lvi mgq G‡m‡Q| GB `xN© mg‡q Avgv‡ì
mvgvwRK ivR‣bwZK mvs¯‥„wZK Rxe‡bi bvbv NUbveZ© Mí‡K wKfv‡e c_ †`wL‡q‡Q ev M‡íi
kix‡i Kx Kx is Rwg‡q Zz‡j‡Q Zv fvevi mgq G‡m‡Q| Avgiv GKmgq iex‱`ªbv_ ev wÎ‡ki
`k‡Ki Mí‡K Avgv‡ì Mí †jLvi Aby‡cÖiYv wn‡m‡e wb‡qwQ| †`kfvM nevi ciI †mUv
P‡j‡Q wKQyw`b| Zvici Avgiv Avgv‡ì cv‡q fi w`‡q ùvov‡Z wk‡LwQ| evOvwj gymjgv‡biv
Mí wjL‡Z ïi  Ki‡jI •mq` IqvjxDjøvn Avgv‡ì cÖ_g mwVK c_ wPwb‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb|
Avgiv Aveyj dRj, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb, †mv‡gb P‱`, Avey i k`, mi`vi R‡qbD`&`xb ev
kIKZ Imgv‡bi K_v fy‡j hvw‪Q bv Z‡e kw³ I m¤¢vebv †hLv‡b we‡ePbv †mLv‡b
IqvjxDjøvn-i cv‡k †KD ùvov‡Z cv‡i bv| evsjv‡`‡k hviv mvZPwjø‡ki ci ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb
Zv‡ì mgvg‡b A‡bK m¤¢vebv †hgb wQj †Zgwb wecÌ wQj| cvwK¯‭vwb iv‡óª fq¼i me
AgvbweK Kg©KvÊ, ag©xq kw³‡K ivR‣bwZK kw³ wn‡m‡e eënvi Kivi Ac‡Póv, wKsev
mvs¯‥…wZK AvMÖvmb Gm‡ei g‡a¨ wech©¯‭ evOvwj gymjgvb bZzb c_ LyuR‡Z †P‡qwQj Ges
mvwnZÏ fvlv‡Kw‱`ªK Av‡‱`vjb Zv‡ì GKgvÎ Dcvq wn‡m‡e wbw`©ó nq wbqwZi g‡Zv|
155
AvDqye ev Bqvwnqvi kvmb wKsev Zvi Av‡Mi kvmK mevB AMYZvw‰¿K kvmb wQj Ges Zv‡ì
wei ‡× evOvwj‡K memgq hy×s‡`nx _vK‡Z n‡q‡Q| Zey AevK n‡q j¶ Kivi g‡Zv †h
Gmgq I Avg‡ì M‡í MÖvgxY Rxeb ev MÖvg¨ bvbvgywL welq wb‡q hZ Mí †jLv n‡q‡Q
mgmvgwqK Rxeb wb‡q Lye Kg MíB †jLv n‡q‡Q| cÖ¯‧wZi Afve wQj, welqe¯‧‡K nRg
Kivi e¨vcviI wQj| Gi g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb hviv m‡PZbfv‡e MZvbyMwZKZvi wb‡e©‡` bv
Wy‡e bZzbfv‡e Mí †jLvi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb|
cÂv‡ki `kK Avgv‡ì M‡íi Rb¨ †ek fv‡jv mgq; K‡qKRb MíKvi Avgv‡ì
†QvUMí‡K GKUv DuPz ¯‭‡i wb‡q hvevi †Póv K‡i‡Qb, nq‡Zv mvgwMÖKfv‡e wKQy `ye©jZv †_‡K
wM‡qwQj ev lv‡Ui `k‡Ki g‡Zv m~²-bv‱`wbK Mí Zviv •Zwi Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb Z‡e Zviv
Avgv‡ì M‡íi cvUvZb •Zwi K‡i †M‡Qb| GLv‡b †h welqwU Ri wi Zv nj Zv‡ì g‡a¨
fv‡jv Mí †jLvi ZvwM` wQj| GKRb †Zv e‡jwQ‡jb, eb †K‡U P‡jwQ| A_©vr Zviv
ebf~wg‡Z Avev` Kivi KvR wb‡q‡Qb|GB K_vi A_© ¯úó Ki‡j ej‡Z n‡e Zviv welq I
†UKwbK wb‡q bZzb bZzb wbix¶v Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb, †P‡qwQ‡jb evOvwj gymjgvb‡ì Mí ev
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí ¯^Z‰¿ gh©v`v cvK| wÎ‡ki ev Pwjø‡k †h-Mí †KvjKvZv‡Kw‱`ªK †jLKiv
wj‡LwQ‡jb Zv Zviv mPZ‡b Gwo‡q †M‡Qb| G KvRwU †mvRv bq, mvg‡b Qov‡bv-wQUv‡bv
†mvbvgvwbK †d‡j bZzb gvwbK †LuvRvi Kó †KD Ki‡Z Pvb bv| Zviv †P‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Avgiv
Zv‡ì mgq †Zv e‡UB c‡ii w`‡K Av‡iv D¾¡j †QvUMí †c‡qwQ Avgv‡ì MíKvi‡ì KvQ
†_‡K| Giv ïay welqe¯‧ I cÖKiY LyuR‡Z mgmvwgqK evsjv‡`k‡K Zv‡ì mvg‡b iv‡Lbwb|
eis Zviv wek¦-†QvUM‡íi aviv I cÖeYZv‡K AbymiY Ki‡Z PvB‡jb Aby‡cÖiYv wn‡m‡e|
ejveûj¨ bZzb DcKiY-cÖKiY msMÖn I cÖ‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î Zviv G AÂ‡ji fvlv‡K Myi Z¡mn
cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| Gi Av‡M Avgiv •mq` IqvjxDjøvn-i M‡í G-RvZxq fvlv †`‡LwQ| Aveyj
dRj ev Ab¨‡ì M‡í Avgiv GiKg †`wLwb| GKUv K_v e‡j ivLv fv‡jv cwðgevsjvi Mí
Avgv‡ì †jLKiv AbymiY K‡ibwb GB K_vwU wb‡q †KD †KD AvcwË Zzj‡Z cv‡ib, KviY
†m mgq cwðgevsjvi †jLv G‡`‡k e¨vcKfv‡e cwVZ nZ, Ges I‡`‡ki cy¯‭K I cwÎKv
G‡`‡k e¨vcKfv‡e AvmZ| mvaviY cvV‡Kiv co‡Zb, †jLKiv co‡Zb Z‡e hviv GiKg
`„p gZ †cvlY Ki‡Zb †h Avgv‡ì mvwnZ¨ n‡e Avgv‡ì g‡Zv Zviv Mí †jLvi mgq m‡PZb
†_‡K‡Qb hv‡Z G evsjvi ¯^Z‰¿ n‡q I‡V| cwðgevsjvi Rxeb-ms¯‥…wZ-fvlv Avgv‡ì †P‡q
Avjv`v| Kv‡RB ¯^Z‰¿ Míaviv M‡o DV‡Z †Kv‡bv evav wQj bv| Avgiv j¶ Kie cÂvk
`k‡K †_‡K lvU `kK ch©‰‭ †`k ev Ab¨ cwÎKvi Mí co‡j †evSv hv‡e, welq iPbvixwZ‡Z
†mme Mí G evsjvi g‡Zv bq| Avgv‡ì †jLKiv g‡bi †Lviv‡Ki Rb¨ Zv c‡o‡Qb Z‡e
†jLvi mgq Zv gv_vq iv‡Lbwb|
`y-GKwU e¨wZµg †Zv Av‡QB| G mg‡qi †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ AvjvDÏxb Avj AvRv`, •mq`
kvgmyj nK, ivwRqv Lvb ev Ave`yj Mvddvi †P․ayixi K_v Avjv`v K‡i g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb|
Rxe‡bi bvbvgywL DËvc-D‡ËRbv eûfw½g †PZbv, AvKv‫¶‫‬v, weKvi, wb‡e©`, weewglv wKsev
Amnbxq Rxebh‰¿Yv M‡íi cø‡U RvqMv †c‡q‡Q G-mgq| G‡K wVK evsjv‡`‡ki mij-mnR
Mímsµv‰‭ Dcv`v‡b cyó Mí ejv hv‡e bv| GB Mí evsjv‡`‡ki welq‣ewPÎ¨ I
iPbv‡K․kj‡K bZzb gvÎvq wb‡q †M‡Q| GB e³‡eï mv‡_ †hvM Ki‡Z n‡e †h mevB G-
156
avivi bq, mevB mgvb kw³kvjx bq, Gi g‡a¨ cyi‡bv aviv wb‡q bZzbZ¡nxb MíiPwqZvi
msL¨vI Kg bq|
cÂv‡ki M‡í g‰^‰‭i, †`kfvM, mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK Aw¯ iZv ev †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
mgq gvbwmK wech©q ev g‡bvweKjb eo welq n‡q D‡VwQj| Zvi mv‡_ cyi‡bv welq MÖvg
Rxeb-ms¯‥„wZ, ag©xq Rxeb Gme hy³ n‡qwQj| µgAcm„qgvY Rxebaviv I Zvi cwieZ©‡bi
m~Îmg~n †jLKiv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq Lyu‡R †c‡qwQ‡jb| wel‡qi Dchy³ cÖKiY me mgq
MíKv‡iiv •Zwi Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb †miKg `vwe memgq Kiv hv‡e bv, Zviv †gvUvgywU GKUv
RvqMvq †cu․‡QwQ‡jb, †`‡ki Rbc‡ì gvby‡li mvwe©K Rxebm~Î‡K M‡íi †QvU kix‡i
gvbvbmB K‡i fvlïƒc †èvi †Póv‡K Avgv‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡ZB nq| GB KvRwU †h
wfwËf~wg •Zwi K‡iwQj ZviB djvdj nq‡Zv Avgiv †c‡qwQ lv‡Ui `k‡K| nvmvb AvwRRyj
nK, AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, gvngy`yj nK, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, AveyeKi wmwÏK, kIKZ
Avjx, RyjwdKvi gwZb, †mwjbv †nv‡mb‡K Avgiv †c‡qwQ cÂv‡ki dmj wn‡m‡e| GUv Avgvi
mv‡_ mevB GKgZ n‡eb †h lv‡Ui †QvUMí Avgv‡ì †kªô m¤ú`, A‡b‡K Avwk ev be″B
`k‡Ki mv‡_ Gi kw³ wb‡q ZK© Ki‡Z cv‡ib, Avwg Z‡K© †h‡Z PvB bv| ïay G-UzKz e‡j
†_‡g †h‡Z PvB †h Avwk ev be″B-Gi Mí AvKvk †_‡K c‡owb| Zv‡ì cÖeYZvq bZzbZ¡
Av‡Q, Zv‡ì cVb-cvV‡bi MfxiZv Av‡Q Z‡e Zviv †jLK n‡q IVvi Rb¨ c~e©m~wi‡ì Kv‡Q
FYx| nvmvb ev Bwjqv‡mi Mí eybb, iPbvkw³, Rxe‡bi MfxiZv, Pwi‡Îi `vk©wbK Ae‡jvKb,
fvlvi ¯^Z‰¿ ¶gZv I cÖ‡qvM Ges myZxeª m¨vUvqvi I Dwq‡Ui †m․R‡b¨ Ggb Av‡jv Qovq †h
Zv Amvgvb¨ •kwíK `y¨wZ Qovq| mvwnZ¨ gvbeRxeb‡K wKfv‡e Av‡jvwoZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv
nvmvb ev Bwjqvm bv co‡j †evSv hv‡e bv, Avgv‡ì †QvUMí KZ DuP¯‭‡ii Zvi D`vniY n‡Z
cv‡i G‡ì Mí| Bwjqv‡mi kãeënv‡ii †K․kj, †cÖ¶vcU‡K ev¯‭em¤§Z K‡i †Zvjvi
AwfbeZ¡, mgq-Rxeb-Uvbvc‡ob‡K wg‡_i kw³ w`‡q kvwYZ fvlvq Dc¯ vcb Kivi †K․kj
Bwjqvm AvqË K‡iwQ‡jb Abvqv‡m| Mícv‡Vi ci cvVK Avi Av‡Mi Ae¯ vq _v‡Kb bv,
Bwjqv‡mi PwiÎ Zv‡K ZvwoZ K‡i me mgq, Kx Acwimxg †m Avnevb, Kx kw³ wk‡íi Zv
wZwb †Nv‡ii ga¨ †_‡K meUv cÖ_‡g eyS‡Z cv‡ib bv, wKQyw`b ci w_Zz nevi eyS‡Z cv‡ib|
`kKIqvwi Av‡jvPbvq †QvUMí‡K hwÌ mwVKfv‡e wPwÎZ Kiv hv‡e bv Zey
†kªwYKiY ev mgq‡K wbw©`ó Ki‡Z `kK fvM Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b GUv Kv‡R jv‡M| Z‡e GK
`k‡Ki †jLK hLb Ab¨ `k‡KI †j‡Lb †m-mgq Zvi †jLv‡K †Kvb †kªwY‡Z ev †Kvb `k‡K
†djv hv‡e Zv wb‡q †ek gykwK‡j co‡Z nq| lv‡Ui •ewkó¨ mËz‡i _vK‡e ¯^vfvweKfv‡e
Z‡e KZUzKz cwieZ©b †mLv‡b j¶ Kiv hv‡e †mUvB g~jZ fveevi welq| mvaviYZ wel‡qi
cwieZ©b ej‡Z GK A‡_© cÖKiYMZ cwieZ©b‡K †evSvq, †mvRv K_vq †jLK wbR¯^ †h eb©bv-
fw½ e¨ënvi K‡ib Zv w`‡qB wZwb Avjv`v n‡q hvb| Z‡e Gi mv‡_ mswkøó †jL‡Ki
Rxeb`k©b ev Rxeb‡K †`Lvi `„wófw½‡K we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| †jL‡Ki evK¨web¨v‡mi aib,
kã‡ev‡ai †m․‱`h© Ges M‡íi welq I PwiÎ‡K eënvi Kivi ¶gZvI Zvi Mí‡K ¯^Z‰¿
gh©v`v †`q| Avgiv •mq` kvgmyj n‡Ki wbix¶vag©x M‡íi w`‡K j¶ Ki‡j †`Le †h cÂvk
`k‡Ki Ab¨ †jLK‡ì †P‡q wZwb Avjv`v n‡q †M‡Qb g~jZ Zuvi Rxeb`„wó I iPbv‡K․k‡ji
Kvi‡Y| AvjvDÏxb Avj AvRv` ev ivwRqv Lvb •mq` nK †_‡K Gme Kvi‡Y mgmvgwqK
nIqv m‡Ë¡I ¯^Z‰¿|
157
lv‡Ui c‡i hviv MíKvi wn‡m‡e Avwe©f~Z n‡qwQ‡jb Zv‡ì‡K Avgiv lv‡Ui g‡Zv
we‡klfv‡e ej‡j nvmvb ev Bwjqv‡mi g‡Zv wmwiqvm wQ‡jb bv| K_vUv e¨vL¨v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
†h k³ Rwg‡b lv‡Ui `k‡Ki MíKv‡iiv Mí †jLv ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb mË‡i G‡m Zvi iO
LvwbKUv wd‡K n‡q hvq| †mUv mevi †ejvq cÖ‡hvR¨ bv n‡jI AwaKvs‡ki †ejvq cÖ‡hvR¨|
Zv‡ì Rxebev¯‭eZv mgmvgwqK mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK ev¯‭eZv Øviv Avµv‰‭| Z‡e P‡jwQ‡jb
LvwbKUv cvk KvwU‡q, g~j ev¯‭eZv‡K Gwo‡q| gvngy`j y nK, Kv‡qm Avn‡g`, n~gvq~b Avng`,
Aveyj nvmbvZ, eyjeb Imgvb, Avng` Qdv, gÄy miKvi, gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei, Bg`v`yj
nK wgjb G‡ì bvg Kiv hvq mË‡ii †jLK wn‡m‡e| bvg D‡jøL †_‡KB †evSv hvq Giv
mevB GK †Mv‡Îi bq| lv‡Ui m‡½ mËz‡ii cv_©K¨ Kiv KwVb| KviY GKRb †jLK nq‡Zv
cyó n‡q‡Qb lv‡U wZwb †jLv ïi  Ki‡jb mË‡i| cvwK¯‭v‡bi wei ‡× msMÖv‡gi †h avivevwnK
Av¸b evOvwj‡K ZvwZ‡q †i‡LwQj Zvi cÖwZwµqv Gmg‡qi M‡í Avm‡e †miiKg Avgiv Avkv
K‡iwQjvg| †m ev¯‭eZv †h Av‡mwb Zv bq Z‡e cwigv‡Y LyeB Kg| msMÖvg, ¯^vaxbZv, wecøe,
`vwi`ª¨, AZ¨vPvi, wKsev gvbeZvi AvnvRvwi‡K nRg K‡i Mí †jLvi mgq cÖ‡qvRb wQj|
gyw³hy‡×i Mí‡K ¯^Z‰¿ aviv wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z n‡e ¯^vfvweKfv‡e| cÖvq me
mg‡qi RxweZ †jLKiv gyw³hy× wb‡q Mí wj‡L‡Qb| cÂvk †_‡K mËi GgbwK be″B ev k~b¨
`k‡Ki MíKv‡iivI gnvb gyw³hy× wb‡q Mí wj‡L‡Qb Z‡e ¯^vfvweKfv‡e cwic°
AwfÁZvm¤úb′ †jL‡Kiv DËxY© Mí wj‡L‡Qb|
Avwki `k‡K Avgiv hv‡ì †c‡qwQ KvKZvjxqfv‡e Zviv cÖvq mevB kw³kvjx
†jLK; †m kw³gËvi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q Av‡Q Zv‡ì Míejvi fw½, fvlv, wbe©vPb †cÖ¶vcU
eënv‡ii †K․kj Ges M‡íi welqe¯‧ eënv‡ii AwfbeZ¡| mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© G‡ì AwaKvsk
Ggb GK wgkª welq wb‡q Mí ejv ïi  K‡ib †h cvV‡Kiv LvwbKUv weåv‰‭ nbÑ †mB weåvw‰‭
Zv‡ì Kv‡U evievi †mB Mí covi ci| e¯‧Z cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q †jLK GKUz †ewk g‡bv‡hvM
`vwe K‡i| cvwicvwk¦©KZv, e¨w³Rxe‡bi wb‡e©`, mgmvgwqK ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ, AgvbweK,
mvgvwRK DÌvb-cZb, ivóªh‡‰¿i †Kvjvnj, loh‰¿, mvgvwiK Kz¨, mvgwiK AvMÖvmb, Amnvq
MYZ‰¿, Ges Gm‡ei cÖwZwµqvq hyeK mgv‡Ri nvnvKvigq cwiYwZ Gme G‡ì M‡í D‡V
Av‡m µgvMZfv‡e Ges GKm‡½| Kv‡RB GKK welq cvIqv †ek KóKi| gvgyb ûmvBb‡K
we‡klfv‡e G cÖm‡½ ¯§iY Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| knx`yj Rwni ev BgwZqvi kvgxg-Gi K_v
cvV‡Ki g‡b co‡e| Gi mv‡_ Iqvwm Avng`, kvnv`y¾vgvb, bvmwib Rvnvb, gnxeyj AvwRR
cÖgLy †jLK‡ì bvg D‡jøL hvq| cyi‡bv †jLK‡ì †jLvi aib ev †Kv‡bv Qvqv Giv MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb e‡j AvcvZfv‡e g‡b n‡e bv| G‡ì wewPÎgywL cVbcvVb I Rxeb‡K †`Lvi wbR¯^
`„wófw½ G‡ì‡K ¯^Z‰¿ †jLvi fyeb •Zwi K‡i w`‡q‡Q| c~e©m~wi‡ì cÖfv‡ei K_v hw` ej‡ZB
nq Zvn‡j AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi K_v Avgv‡ì g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| KviY Bwjqv‡mi
wW‡UBj‡bm I m¨vUvqvi G‡ì g‡a¨ ¯úó| GUv Aek¨ me fv‡jv †jL‡Ki MyY wn‡m‡e †`L‡j
Avgiv Ab¨ e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvwi| knx`yj Rwn‡ii Mí co‡Z wM‡q cvV‡Ki Bwjqv‡mi K_v g‡b
co‡Z cv‡i mn‡R| ïay cyi‡bv XvKvi welq bq eis b¨v‡ik‡bi aib †`‡L cvVK LvwbKUv
cwiwPZ MÜ †c‡q hv‡eb| KvK wb‡q Zvi weL¨vZ MíwUi K_v wbðq cvV‡Ki g‡b co‡e, Kx
AmvaviY Zvi `„wói cÖvLh©| wKsev Bu`yi wejvB †Ljv M‡íi †mB AvivKvwb bvixi AmvaviY
Pwi‡Îi K_v cvVK nq‡Zv †Kv‡bv w`b fyj‡e bv, fyj‡e bv Wjy b`xi AvL¨vb| Gme †jLv
Kv‡iv Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q †jLv hvq bv| wel‡qi •ewPÎ¨ I eY©bvfw½i bZzbZ¡ knx`yj Rwni‡K
158
¯^Z‰¿ gh©v`v w`‡q‡Q| gvgyb ûmvBb wW‡UBj‡bm a‡i iv‡Lb, mv‡_ Aek¨B Zuvi wcÖq Dcv`vb
†køl Z‡e wZwb GKwU wgkª Aven •Zwi K‡ib, bv Mí bv cøU bv cÖavb PwiÎ eis wZwb
†cÖw¶ZwU‡K eo K‡i †Zv‡jb| Ges Zuvi M‡íi †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó f~‡MvjI Luy‡R cvIqv me mgq
m¤¢e nq bv| wZwb mgmvgwqK Rxebev¯‭eZv‡K wb‡Ri Rxe‡bi m‡½ wgwk‡q bZzb GK ev¯‭
eZvi Qwe AuvK‡Z _v‡Kb cÖ¯‧wZ wb‡q, Mfxifv‡e| †Kv‡bv GKK welq ev GKK PwiÎ †mLv‡b
†LuvRvi †Pó bv KivB fv‡jv| gvgyb eiveiB g„Zz¨‡K Zuvi M‡í eënvi K‡i‡Qb, †m g„Zz¨‡kvK
†_‡K AÜKvi c„w_ex wKsev GKwU gvbwmK •eK‡j¨ RMr nq‡Zv, Ges wZwb Gme fqven welq
wb‡q †Ljvq gv‡Zb, gv‡Zb ivóªh‡‰¿i bvbvwea AcK‡g©i eqvb w`‡Z w`‡Z| gv Ges •kke
Zuv‡K cÖejfv‡e Uv‡b, Uv‡b †Ljvi eÜziv wKsev mncvVxiv ev mnKg©xiv| gvgyb Zvi kãMv_vq
bZzb GK RMr wbg©vY Ki‡Z cv‡ib hv AvcvZfv‡e fqven n‡jI Avgiv wkí‡K․k‡ji Kv‡Q
nvi †g‡b Zv eveevi co‡Z _vwK| K‡qKwU wenejvZvi Mí wb‡q kvnv`y¾vgvb †h hvÎv ïi 
K‡iwQ‡jb Zv cÖ_gZ Lye k³ wf‡Zi Dci ùvov‡Z bv cvi‡jI c‡i wZwb Zuvi K¬vm wPwb‡q
w`‡q‡Qb| †KD †KD e‡j _v‡Kb G‡ì †jLvq j¨vwUb K_vmwn‡Zï cÖfve Av‡Q| Avwg Zv
g‡b Kwi bv,KviY Giv G‡`‡ki cUf~wg eënvi K‡i wbR¯^ eyb‡b †h Qwe •Zwi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb
Zv Zv‡ì wbR¯^|
hv‡ì‡K be″B `k‡Ki MíKvi ejv nq Zv‡ì mv‡_ Ab¨‡ì ev Ab¨`k‡Ki
MíKvi‡ì †g․wjK cv_©K¨ †Kv_vq Zv we¯‭vwiZfv‡e ejv k³; mg‡qi eëavb GKUv welq
n‡Z cv‡i Z‡e †mUvB GKgvÎ e¨vcvi bq| ¯úóZ be″B‡qi †jL‡Ki †ejvq Avwki g‡Zv
Avjv`v †Kv‡bv welq-cÖKiY cvIqv hvq †mUv wbwðZ K‡i ejv hvq bv| Zviv †h Avwki
`k‡Ki g‡Zv bb †mUv †Rvi w`‡q ejv hvq| ¯^vfvweK gvbecÖeYZvi Kvi‡Y †g․wjK gvbweK
welq I msKU eiveiB wQj be″B‡q Zv `„k¨gvb cÖejfv‡e| mgmvgwqK ivRbxwZ I
A_©bxwZi Zxeª cÖwZwµqvi mv‡_ gyw³hy×I Zv‡ì Ab¨Zg welq| hwÌ Zviv G wel‡q
AwfÁZvnxb Z‡e Zviv wj‡L‡Qb gyw³hy‡×i mvgwMÖK Zvrch© wb‡q, bZzb iv‡óªi ¯^c′ I
cÖMwZkxj Amv¤cÖ`vwqK wP‰‭vi †`k Movi †h cÖZ¨q †mme welqI Zv‡ì M‡íi Rwgb Ry‡o|
bZzb K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg‡K eënvi K‡i‡Qb A‡b‡K, †m MÖvgRxeb Avevi kn‡ii m‡½
wg‡k _v‡K; †L‡U LvIqv MÖvg ev kn‡ii gvby‡li bvbv Uvbvc‡ob wKsev cvwievwiK Kjn,
Amg-Rxeb, Aweivg wLw¯‭‡LD‡ii `v¤úZ¨ Ges A‣bwZK •RweK m¤úK© M‡í cøU wn‡m‡e
Av‡m| be″B `k‡Ki MíKvi wn‡m‡e Avgvi wb‡Ri g‡b nq G mgqUv †ek RwUj| g‡b
c‡o 1986 mv‡j Avgvi cÖ_g Mí Qvcv nq, AvR Avi Zvi bvg g‡b †bB Z‡e †Lqvcvivcvi
wb‡q †jLv GKRb Mwie gvwS I Zvi cwiev‡ii Mí wQj †mwU| Zvici †_‡K wewPÎ welq
wb‡q wj‡LwQ Z‡e †hLv‡b Avgvi AwfÁZv †bB †mLv‡b wjwLwb| KvK wb‡q GKwU Mí
wj‡LwQjvg (m¤¢eZ •kjx cwÎKvq Qvcv n‡qwQj) hvi †K‱`ªxq welq wQj gyw³hy×| wb‡Ri
D`vniY w`‡q ejv hvq Avwk ev mËiB ïay bq lvU ev mËiI Avgv‡K Qyu‡q †M‡Q| fvlv ev
Abyl½ Avgv‡K AbycÖvwYZ K‡i‡Q KL‡bv KL‡bv| Z‡e Avwg mvaviYZ Avgvi •kke wb‡q
wjL‡Z ¯^v‪Q‱`¨‡eva K‡iwQ, †mUv Avgvi M‡íi eo GKwU Rwgb| be″B‡qi GKwU MÖ c Av‡Q,
MÖ cB ej‡Z n‡‪Q, hviv weL¨vZ nevi Rb¨ ag©‡K A‡nZzK eënvi K‡i‡Qb, †mLv‡b ag©‡K
GKUv D‡ËRK welq wn‡m‡e eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Zv †mªd A‡nZzK| Avgiv ag© wb‡q `yB
evsjvq DrK…ó †QvUMí †`‡LwQ| Zv‡ì j¶¨ wQj fv‡jv AwfÁZvgq Mí †jLv Avi G‡ì
D‡Ïk¨ wQj ÷¨v‱UevwR K‡i wb‡R‡K Av‡jvwPZ Kiv hv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© †Kv‡bv †jLK Ki‡Z
159
cv‡ib bv| be″B‡qi Avi GKwU eo Abyl½ nj cyiv‡Yi eënvi, †mUv‡Z Giv mevB mdj
n‡q‡Qb ejv hv‡e bv| mdjZvi nvi nZvkvRbK| cyi‡bv evsjvmvw‡nZï bvbv cÖm½‡K bZzb
†gvo‡K GKUz kãRv`yi mvnP‡h© Zviv Mí wn‡m‡e nvwRi K‡i‡Qb| gvwUgvbyl wb‡q Avgv‡ì
GbwRIiv †h KvR K‡ib Zvi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q †KD †KD wKQy fv‡jv Mí wj‡L‡Qb| Kve¨ ev
KweZvi ¯^v`‡K eënvi K‡i †KD †KD Mí wj‡L‡Qb|
G mg‡qi K‡qKRb Avgvi wcÖq MíKvi Av‡Qb hviv Avgvi cwiwPZ I eÜz¯v  bxq|
†jLK wn‡m‡e bq eis cvVK wn‡m‡e Zv‡ì †jLv‡K Avwg D‪P¯ vb w`B| Guiv Avng`
†gv¯‭dv Kvgvj, RvwKi ZvjyK`vi (Zv‡K †eva nq Avwki `k‡Ki fvev hvq) Aw`wZ dvêywb
cÖgLy |
Kweiv †h Mí wj‡L‡Qb Zv evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í bZzb GKwU gvÎv ejv hvq| Kweiv,
mnR K‡i ej‡j Zv‡ì M‡í bZzb GK ai‡bi ¯^v` †hvM Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| •mq` kvgmyj nK
†eva Kwe wn‡m‡e me‡P‡q mdj Ges m‡PZb| KviY Kwe n‡qI wZwb M‡íi †¶‡Î KweZv‡K
cÖkªq †`bwb| Z‡e KweZvi cÖmv`¸Y‡K KL‡bv KL‡bv m‡PZbfv‡e eënvi K‡i‡Qb| Avj
gvngy`‡KI mdj ej‡Z n‡e, KviY wZwb M‡íi †¶‡Î bZzb GK †jLK| kvgmyi ivngvb,
Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq`, wKsev m¤cÖwZKv‡j MíKvi wn‡m‡e bvg wjwL‡q‡Qb BKevj AvwRR|
Kwe‡ì Mí †jLvi mdjZv wKsev e¨_©Zv wb‡q K_v ejv hvq| Kweiv †Kb Mí †j‡Lb †mUv
wb‡qI K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e Avgvi e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv †_‡K ej‡Z cvwi g~jZ Kwe
n‡jI Avgvi cÖ_g eB KweZvi bq, M‡íi, †mUv †Kb Avwg Av‡Rv Rvwb bv; ïay GUzKz ejv
hvq †h AwfÁZv w`‡q KweZv †jLv hvq †m AwfÁZv w`‡q Mí †jLv hvq bv| me MíKvi
†fZ‡i †fZ‡i Kwe| Z‡e Zviv n‡q‡Zv KweZv wjL‡Z wM‡q e¨_© n‡eb| `yB ai‡bi cÖwZfv
mevi _v‡K bv| A‡b‡K †Rvi K‡i wj‡L‡Qb, c‡i fyj ey‡S m‡i c‡o‡Qb| Z‡e †jL‡Ki †mB
wkwíZ †eva _vKv Ri wi Ges wZwb wK Ki‡Z cv‡ib, wK Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv ev DwPZ bq †mUv
Av‡iv Ri wi| Z‡e Avgv‡ì Kweiv A‡bK mdj Mí wj‡L‡Qb Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡‱`n †bB|
k~b¨`kK e‡j †h `k‡Ki K_v ejv nq Zv‡ì †ewki fvM †jLv †QvUKvM‡R ev
•`wb‡K c‡owQ| Z‡e KweZvi †¶‡Î GB `kK †hgb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ M‡íi †¶‡Î †evaKwi
†ZgbwU bq| †Kv‡bv eo GKUv †¶‡Î ev †g․wjK †Kv‡bv j¶Y GL‡bv j¶Yxq A‰‭Z Avgvi
Kv‡Q aiv c‡owb hv Avwg D‡jøL Ki‡Z Ki‡Z cvwi| Z‡e A‡b‡Ki M‡í AvaywbK Rxeb‡ev‡ai
wKQy m~² welqmg~n bZzb bZzb fw½‡Z `y-GKRb Dc¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb| mvg‡bi w`‡b Zviv bZzb
bZzb cÖeYZv wb‡q Avgv‡ì M‡íi fyeb Av‡iv Ki‡eb †miKg Avkv Kwi|
evqv‡b′v †_‡K ev Zvi Av‡M †_‡K Avgv‡ì †QvUMí †h bvbv c_ I mgq AwZµg
K‡i‡Q Zv‡K wVK mv`vgvUvfv‡e AíK_vq eY©bv †Ìqv hv‡e bv; KviY ivR‣bwZK mvgvwRK
mvs¯‥…wZK bvbv c_cwiµgvq †QvUMíKvi‡ì †h RwUj eûfw½g wkí gvbm •Zwi n‡q‡Q Zv‡K
Dchy³ †cÖw¶Z I fvlv w`‡q wkí iƒc †Ìqv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© KwVb| †jL‡Ki e¨w³-
g‡bvcÖwZb¨vm‡K †QvUM‡íi †`‡n me mgq a‡i ivLv m¤¢e nqwb| d‡j M‡íi †`‡ni cwieZ©b
n‡q‡Q, b¨v‡iwUf‡bm cv‡ë‡Q, RvZxq I AvÂwjK Rxeb I Zvi •ewPÎ¨ wb‡q wKsev
µgPÂjRxebaviv hvi meUv †`kxq bq eis †MøvevjvB‡Rk‡bi †Qve‡j wK¤¢~Zfv‡e web¨¯‭
Rxeb‡K ai‡Z wM‡q MíKvi wngwkg †L‡q‡Q| d‡j e¨w³Rxe‡bi †P‡q mvgwóK Rxeb M‡íi
Abyl½ n‡q D‡V‡Q| Pvicvk †_‡K PwiÎ Xy‡K c‡o‡Q M‡íi †P․nwÏ‡Z| GKUv Mí n‡q hv‡‪Q
mËi ev Avwk c„ôv| Zey ¯^vaxb †`‡k ¯^vaxbZvi †h ¯^c′ mevB †`LZ Zv hLb f~jywÉZ ZLb
160
`vi Y nZvkv Avi †bwZ wKsev gwe©wWwU Avgv‡ì †PZbv fi K‡i Avi M‡í †`wL Zvi †fZKvi
Qwe bM′, KzrwmZ, fqs¼i Avi Kv‡iv Kv‡Q †jvfvZzi| `yb©xwZ‡Z P¨vw¤úqb nevi ciI
Avgv‡ì †bZviv mZZvi Mí †kvbvq, •¯îkvmK †`k‡cÖwg‡Ki Mí †kvbvq, evgc‰ xiv `vjvj
KL‡bv c¨vivmvBU n‡q hvq Kv‡RB †MvUv mgv‡Ri Mí g~jZ cÖnm‡bi| Avwk Avi be″B‡q
Avgvi Gme †c‡qwQ Avgv‡ì M‡í bZzb fv‡l¨| lv‡Ui ev cÂv‡ki †jL‡Kiv Rxe‡bi
AbïKg ev¯‭eZvi K_v e‡j‡Qb K¬vwmK fw½‡Z Giv e‡j‡Qb Zx¶è ¯^‡i, eo †ewk Av‡jvwKZ
K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb AÜKv‡ii RMr‡K| wbg′we‡Ëi gvbyl AvR weÁvc‡bi wPÎ wKsev g‡Wj Kv‡R
Kv‡RB Zv‡ì wb‡q Avi †mfv‡e Mí †jLv n‡‪Q bv|
Avgvi Avkvev`x Avgv‡ì mgvR cwieZ©b wb‡q bq eis †mB mgvR fv‡jvfv‡e D‡V
Avm‡Q Avgv‡ì M‡í bZzb Avw½‡K bZzb cÖ‡Yv`bvq|
[†jLK: Kwe, MíKvi, cÖvewÜK| mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, †dvK‡jvi, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq|]
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : avb fvb‡Z wk‡ei MxZ
g wb i Rv gv b
†QvU‡ejv †_‡K ï‡b AvmwQ †QvUMí gv‡b iex‱`ªbv‡_i Mí¸‪Q| wbZv‰‭ mnR! mij
Dc¯ vcbvq Rxe‡bi †h me `ytLK_v iex‱`ªbv_ VvKzi wjwce× K‡i †M‡Qb Zvi Zzjbv AvRI
Lyu‡R cvB bv| •K‡kv‡i Mí¸‪Q c‡o AvcøyZ n‡qwQjvg| Zvici Rxeb ewnqv †M‡Q bvbvb
NUbvi cuv‡K-P‡µ| mvwn‡Zï gy» cvV‡Ki c_ †Q‡o AvwgI †jLv‡jwL ïi  Kwi| †f‡ewQjvg
Dcb¨vwmK n‡q j²x I mi¯^Zx Df‡qi mv¶vr †be| ev¯‭‡e Zv †mvbvi cv_ievwU| Z‡e `y-
Pvi cÖ¯  wjL‡Z wjL‡Z Kzwo eQ‡ii cÖv‡‰‭ G‡m AevK n‡q †`wL, K‡qKLvbv †QvUMí iPbv
K‡iwQ Ges GL‡bv wj‡L hvw‪Q| Mfxi iv‡Z LvZvcÎ wb‡q wjL‡Z e‡m hw`-ev KL‡bv
wb‡R‡K iex‱`ªbv‡_i ¸i  g‡b nq, Z_vwc ¯^xKvi K‡i wbw‪Q Avgvi M‡íi †Zgb cvVKwcÖqZv
†Pv‡L c‡o bv| Avgvi MíB bq, iex‱`ª-cieZ©x evsjv M‡íi †Zgb mgR`vwi †`wL bv| evsjv
mvwnZ¨v½‡b GL‡bv Kwe‡ì `vcU e¨vcK| B`vbxs Jcb¨vwmKiv wKQy cwigv‡Y mybvg Kzov‡‪Qb
e‡U, cvVKKzj †QvUMí‡K Avg‡jB wb‡‪Q bv; hwÌ B‡Zvg‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †ekwKQy †QvUMí
evsjv fvlvq iwPZ n‡q †M‡Q| Avgvi Awfjvl nq Avnv, Mí¸‡‪Qi RbwcÖqZv‡K AwZµg
K‡i hvIqvi g‡Zv wKQy Mí hw` wj‡L †dj‡Z cviZvg! †Kb Ggb wKQy Mí wjLwQ bv †h¸‡jv
161
mim Ges G‡Kev‡i bZzb| G‡K mgq nZvk n‡q wM‡q Kwei g‡Zv ewj bZzb K_v wjL‡Z
Avgvq Kn †h/bZzb K_v hvq Kx ejv mn‡R! gvwbKeveyi RxebUvB wQj M‡íi g‡Zv gvby‡li
Rb¨ gvby‡li K_v wjL‡Z wjL‡Z †kl n‡q wM‡q gvby‡li gv‡S Qwo‡q c‡o‡Qb| ebdzj wKsev
•mq` IqvjxDjøvn&Õi †QvU †QvU mim Mí¸‡jv wK Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Zï beZi ¯ú‱`b bq!
GiciI A‡bK Mí cvIqv hvq †h¸‡jv wek¦mvwn‡Zï gv‡b Zzjbxq| evsjv MíKviiv Ggb
D‪Pvwfjvlx wjL‡Z cvwi wK‰‧ †Kb wjLe, Ggb fveP°i wb‡q Av‡iv K‡qKLvbv eo Kvwnbx
wj‡L wb‡Ri cwiPq MvwíK †_‡K Jcb¨vwm‡K mwi‡q wb‡‪Qb ev‡iev‡i| GB DËiY wef~wZevey,
gvwbK evey Ges IqvjxDjøvn mv‡n‡ei †¶‡Î †`Lv hvq| AZxb wKsev †`‡ekeveyI †QvUMí
†jLv †Q‡o GZ eo eo iPbvq wbweó n‡q‡Qb †h, †KD G‡ì †jLv M‡íi Lei iv‡L bv|
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm mv‡ne gvÎ `yBLvbv Dcb¨vm wj‡L wb‡Ri MíKvi cwiP‡qi cv‡q
Kzovj †g‡i w`‡q‡Qb| nvmvb AvwRRyj nKB ïaygvÎ MíKvi cwiP‡q GB evsjvq GL‡bv
cÖwm× Av‡Qb| Jcb¨vwmK nIqvi `ywb©evi cÖ‡jvf‡b c‡o K_vmvwnwZ¨Kiv M‡íi cÖwZ Ae‡njv
K‡i‡Qb ev‡i ev‡i| Avgv‡ì K_vmvwnwZ¨K‡ì g‡bvfve Ggb Dcb¨v‡mi K_v wP‰‭v Ki‡Z
wM‡q nvZgkK& Kivi Rb¨ `yB-`kUv †QvUMí wj‡L †djv †bnvZ gvgywj e¨vcvi| d‡j M‡íi
fyeb mg„× nIqv m‡Ë¡I cvV‡Ki gb †hvMv‡Z cvi‡Q bv| wcÖq †jL‡Ki Dcb¨vm¸‡jv co‡Z
wM‡q `y-PviLvbv Mí hw` cov n‡q hq Zv‡ZB cvVK Lywk| Mí Avi Dcb¨vm `y‡UvB
K_vmvwnZ¨ bv‡g cwiwPZ n‡jI `yB iPbvi †gRvR †h ¯^Z‰¿, cvVK Zv †Kqvi K‡i bv|
nq‡Zv SU K‡i c‡o †djv hvq e‡j Dcb¨v‡mi e¨vwßi Kv‡Q †QvUMí nvi †g‡b hvq|
GKKfv‡e Mí †j‡Lb Ggb mvwnwZ¨K evsjv fvlvq weij| ïaygvÎ Mí wj‡L‡Qb e‡j we¯§„wZi
AZ‡j †_‡K hv‡‪Qb weL¨vZ MíKvi RM`xk ¸ß| cÖfvZKzgvi gy‡Lvcva¨vq evsjvM‡íi
m~PbvKv‡j Amvgvb¨ wKQy †QvUMí †jLv m‡Ë¡I iex‱`ªRxebxKvi wn‡m‡e Zvi cwiPq †g‡j|
mg‡ik emy gviv hvb Avwki `k‡Ki †klcÖv‡‰‭| KwjKvZvq ZLb Zvi g‡Zv ¸Ym¤úb′
K_vKvi GKRbI wQj bv| Ô†`kÕ ZLb XvKvi cvV‡Ki Aviva¨ cwÎKv| mg‡ik emyi g„Zzï
ci Ô†`kÕ cwÎKv Zv‡K wb‡q we‡kl msL¨v cÖKvk K‡i| GKRb mvwnwZ¨‡Ki Rxeb †Kgb H
msL¨vwU c‡o Rvb‡Z †c‡q GZB AvcøyZ n‡qwQjvg †h, ‭cÖvqB fveZvg, Ibvi g‡Zv eY©vX¨
K_vmvwnwZ¨‡Ki Rxeb hw` Avgvi nZ! Av‡iv fv‡jv †j‡MwQj Ibvi mvgëv`x ivR‣bwZK
†PZbvi w`KwU| wbQK AvU© di AvU©Õm †mK& mvwnZ¨ †h ïay †Zgb bq mg‡ik emyi †jLv c‡o
Zv Abyfe Kwi| Awef³ evsjvi gvby‡li ivR‣bwZK Rxeb Zz‡j aivi †¶‡Î Zvi †h gywÝqvbv,
Zv †`‡L we‡gvwnZ n‡qwQ| Ges evsjvi gvbyl †h evOvwjZ¡‡K wemR©b w`‡q µgk
wn‱`y/gymwj‡g wef³ n‡q hvw‪Qj †mB `ytLRbK ev¯‭eZv Zvi M‡í we¯§qKifv‡e cÖwZdwjZ
n‡q‡Q| Pwjø‡ki `v½vi cUf~wg‡Z †jLv ÔAv`veÕ MíwU wef³ e½ GKxf~Z Kivi †miv g‰¿
wn‡m‡e †h †Kv‡bv hy‡M we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| A_P GB gnvb K_vmvwnwZ¨‡Ki GKWvwj
Awe¯§iYxq Mí Zvi Dcb¨vm¸‡jvi Avov‡j Pvcv c‡o Av‡Q| Z_vwc Avgvi g‡Zv Ae©vPxb
GKRb †Kb KzwoeQi a‡i Mí †j‡L wb‡Ri Kv‡Q GUv eo GK cÖk′| Gi DËi Avwg wbi‰‭i
LyuwR, wK‰‧ cwic~Y©fv‡e eyS‡Z cvwi bv| GZUzKzB eywS, Mí †Kv_vI †kl nq bv| †hgb,
Rxeb‡K LwÊZ K‡i †`Lv hvq bv, †Zgwb cwic~Y©fv‡e wee„Z KivI Am¤¢e GK cÖ‡Póv|
1947 mv‡j weªwUkiv evsjv Qvoj Avi Avgiv evsjv‡K †cjvg LwÊZfv‡e, ag©xq •Øi‡_i
djvdj iƒ‡c| gvSLv‡b cvwK¯‭vwb †Rvqvj Kuv‡a Pvwc‡q Av‡iv Kzwo eQi KvwU‡q Rqevsjvi
hyMI Pwjøk eQi cvi K‡i w`‡qwQ| dviv°v euv‡ai cÖfv‡e BZtg‡a¨ cÙv g‡i †M‡Q| B`vbxs
162
ïwb, w`wjøIqvjviv wUcvBgy‡L Av‡iv GKUv euva †`‡e| wZ¯‭vi cvwbi b¨vh¨ wnm¨v cvw‪Q bv|
A_P Gcvi-Icvi Avgiv GKB RvwZ-evOvwj| †f‡e †`Lyb, KZ •eix Ae¯ v‡b P‡j hv‡‪Q
XvKv-KwjKvZvi ivR‣bwZK ms¯‥…wZ| GB lvU eQ‡ii wech©q I msMÖv‡gi wfZi w`‡q XvKvq
†h mvwnZ¨PP©vi ejq M‡o D‡V‡Q †mLv‡b MíKv‡ii msL¨v wbZv‰‭ Kg bq| cwÊZ f~‡è
†P․ayix‭Ô†QvUM‡íi BwZnvmÕ bv‡g †h †gvUv eBwU iPbv K‡i‡Qb, ¯^vaxb evsjvi MíKvi‡ì wP‰‭
v-†PZbvi K_v Zv‡Z wjwce× K‡i †h‡Z cv‡ibwb| Z‡e wZwb †h iƒc‡iLv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Zv‡Z
†`Lv hv‡‪Q †gvcvmv, Pmvi, gvK© †Uv‡qb, Iqvëvi ¯‥U, cvj© evK †_‡K ïi  K‡i c~e©
BD‡iv‡ci Zj¯‭q, `¯‭qfw¯‥, †MvwK© n‡q cwð‡gi †nwgsI‡q ch©‰‭ †h fveaviv Av‰‭Rv© wZK
†QvUMí enb Ki‡Q, evsjv M‡íi aviv ZviB Av`‡j weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| Gi m‡½ Kvjµ‡g hy³
n‡q‡Q KvdKv, Kvgy, mv‡Z©i g‡Zv A‰‭`„©wóm¤úb′ divwm †jLKiv| XvKvi †QvUMí G‡ì
iƒc‡iLvq weKwkZ n‡Z wM‡q µgk A‰‭`©k©x n‡q IVvi cÖ‡Póv Pvwj‡q‡Q| G‡¶‡Î gvwbK
e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq Ges •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&Õi M‡íi gywÝqvbvi K_v mevi Av‡M ej‡Z nq hviv
M‡íi ÔwbZv‰‭ mnR mijÕ ivexw‱`ªK fw½ †_‡K evsjv Mí‡K gy³ K‡i Rxe‡bi A‰‭M©Z
RwUjZv‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb| G‡ì cieZ©xKv‡j KgjKzgvi gRyg`v‡ii
Mí¸‡jvi K_v ej‡Z nq| XvKvi mvwn‡Z¨ AwZm¤cÖwZ nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, AvLZvi ¾vgvb
Bwjqvm, Kv‡qm Avng`, kwn`yj Rwni GB Pvi MíKvi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡‪Qb d‡g©, Rxeb‡ev‡a,
RbwcÖqZvq G‡ì Mí¸‡jv cwVZ n‡‪Q cwic~Y© mvwnwZ¨K gh©v`vq| GB PviRb‡K hw`
mv¤cÖwZK XvKvi bZzb MíKvi ewj Zvn‡j nq‡Zv Lye fyj ejv n‡e bv| Ges Avðh© n‡q j¶
KiwQ G‡ì Mí †`kfvM I mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi wec‡¶ cÖej GK cÖwZev`| †mB m‡½ abZvw‰¿K
†kvl‡Y wb‡®úwlZ evOvwji cÖwZ ggZv I †R‡M IVvi Avn″vba″wb AbyiwYZ n‡q‡Q M‡íi Q‡Î
Q‡Î| G‡ì Mífvlv RxebRwUjZv cÖKvk Ki‡Z wM‡q cvVK‡K cvV-we‡bv`b †_‡K `~‡i
mwi‡q wb‡q cwikªgx I Awfwb‡ekx n‡Z eva¨ K‡i|
Avwg hLb Mí †jLv ïi  Kwi, aiv hvK be″B `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K mv¤cÖwZK Mí
ZLb `yB evsjv‡ZB RwUj GK cvVë¯‧| GB mg‡q cwiPq nq RwUjZg †jLK mywegj wg‡kªi
m‡½| we‡`wk †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ Mvweª‡qj Mvwm©qv gv‡K©m ZLb j¨vwZb Rxeb‡ev‡ai hv`yev¯‭eZv
wb‡q evOvwj cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q Zzgj y RbwcÖq| hvi Qvqv †`wL kwn`yj Rwn‡ii M‡í| Avgiv Kx
†mBme MíKv‡ii K_v fy‡j hve, hviv we‡bvw`Z M‡`¨ ÔwbZv‰‭ mnR mijÕ c‡_ Rxeb‡K
†`wL‡q‡Qb? †hgb Zzgj y i‡mi Avavi •mq` gyRZev Avjx‡K? Zvi mim Mí¸‡jv GL‡bv
Avgv‡ì‡K †P․Km Rxe‡bi w`‡K GwM‡q †`q| Zzgyj Rxebev`x †hgb, AvjvDwÏb Avj
AvRv`, wecøe `vm, ivnvZ Lvb g‡b Kiv hvK Lye‡ewk we‡bv`b-wcqvmx Aveyj Lv‡qi
gym‡jDwÏ‡bi K_v| kIKZ Imgvb, kIKZ Avjx, wiwRqv ingvb, kv‡n` Avjx GivI
†QvUM‡í G‡`‡ki gvby‡li RxebmsMÖv‡gi K_v Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| Avey BmnvK Jcb¨vwmK n‡jI
Zvi AwaKvsk iPbv M‡íiB bvgv‰‭i| evsjv fvlvi hv`yKwi mPjZvq Giv Rxe‡bi bvbv
gyn~‡Z©i ev¯‭eZv‡K Zz‡j a‡i c_ †`wL‡q‡Qb XvKvi Mí‡K|
evsjv‡`‡ki Aa©kZK Kv‡j M‡íi weKv‡ki †¶‡Î XvKvi •`wbK I mvßvwnK cwÎKvi
mvwnZëvmi¸‡jv e¨vcK f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| ï‡b _vwK, evsjv cwÎKv Qvov we‡k¦i Acivci
fvlvi •`wbKcwÎKv¸‡jv GLb Avi Mí cÖKvk K‡i bv| Mí cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvB
Zv‡ì gva¨g| G‡¶‡Î Avgv‡ì •`wbK¸‡jv evsjvMí‡K †hgb cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q †cu․‡Q w`‡‪Q
†mRb¨ mvayev`‡hvM¨; †Zgwb Avevi Gi †¯ú‡mi mxgve×Zv Ges Jcwb‡ewkK avivq †mÝ‡ii
163
cÖeYZvi Kvi‡Y evsjvMí‡K AvqZ‡b I m~²`wk©Zvq Dfq w`K †_‡K msKzwPZ K‡i Zzj‡Q|
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†Kv‡bv Mí Qvcvi kw³I iv‡L bv| d‡j •`wbK cwÎKvi cvZvq †h Mí¸‡jv cvw‪Q †m¸‡jv
AwaKvsk †¶‡Î mvaviY di‡g‡UW n‡q hv‡‪Q| d‡j bZzb wjwL‡qiv mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvq wjL‡Z
cQ‱` K‡ib; †h¸‡jvi A‡bK K‡qKwU wjUj g¨vMvwRb bv‡g cÖwmw× †c‡q‡Q| Mí g~jZ
AZUvB m„Rbkxj M`¨ hv MYgva¨‡gi c‡¶ Zz‡j aiv m¤¢e bq| AvR‡Ki GB DËi-
Dcwb‡ewkK ev bqv-Dcwb‡ewkK K‡c©v‡iU mg‡q, evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li kªg-Nvg-†gav hLb
cyuwRev‡ì my‡hvM-myweavi †gv‡n wewb‡qvM n‡q hv‡‪Q, ZLb Mvwí‡Ki Szwj‡Z †Kvb& ev¯‭eZv
aiv co‡Q Zv Zwj‡q †`Lv cÖ‡qvRb| cÖZ¨veZ©b bv cwieZ©b GB welqwUi `vk©wbK gxgvsmv
AvR‡Ki MíKv‡ii DcRxe¨ n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| evOvwj‡Z¡i g~javivq cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi iƒc‡iLv
Zz‡j aiv †h‡Z cv‡i AvR‡Ki †QvUM‡íi bvbv Q‡Î| †hgb, iex‱`ªbv‡_i Mí¸‪Q †_‡K
kwn`yj Rwn‡ii hv`yev¯‭eZv wgwkªZ Mí¸‡jv ch©‰‭MZ GKk eQ‡ii M‡í bvbvgywL Jcwb‡ewkK
†kvlY I evOvwji AvZ¥Nv‡Zi wPÎB cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| hwÌ Avgv‡ì •`wbK cwÎKv¸‡jv,
GgbwK XvDm AvKv‡ii mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv¸‡jv cyuwRev‡ì †ccvi wgj Pvjy ivLvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb
Ki‡Q eûKvj a‡i| G Ae¯ v e`jv‡Z ïi  K‡i; wKsev GLwb †h ïi  K‡iwb Zv ejv hv‡‪Q
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cÖ‡qvRb! hLb ¯ vbxq K…wó m¤ú~Y© a″sm n‡q K…wl-A_©bxwZ Avg`vwbwbf©i n‡q D‡V‡Q|
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gvbweK m¤úK©| †QvU †QvU Mvj-M‡í GBme ev¯‭eZv Zz‡j aiv cÖ‡qvRb G Kvi‡Y †h, G‡Z
K‡i 5 fvM myweav‡fvMx evOvwji nVKvwiZv †`‡L 95 fvM evOvwj AvZ¥m‡PZb n‡q mvgvwRK
I mvs¯‥…wZK gh©v`v I mgZv i¶vq m‡Pó n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i| †QvUM‡íi †mB m¶gZv Av‡Q
cvVK‡K bv‱`wbK we‡bv`‡bi ¯ v‡b †i‡L ¸i Z¡c~Y© wel‡q w`Kwb‡`©kbv †Ìqvi| †hgb Zj¯‭
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m‡½ c¶-wec‡¶i ivR‣bwZK jy‡¤úbiv Av‡Li ¸wQ‡q wb‡Z b¨v°viRbKfv‡e Av`vRj †L‡q
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cyuwRev‡ì Mn″‡i Suvc w`‡q gyL‡cvov gy‡Lvkavix nbygv‡bi g‡Zv n‡q wM‡q Rbmg‡¶ G‡m
ej‡Q AvgivB MYZ‡‰¿i gvbmcyÎ| Avwg fve‡Z ïi  Kwi‭Giv Kviv? G‡ì D‡Ïk¨ Kx! G‡ì
wfZi bvix Av‡Q my‡ekavix; †gvjøv Av‡Q Uzwc civ; mv‡ne Av‡Q-†KvU Mv‡q| G‡ì AbymiY
Ki‡Z wM‡q Avwg GUvi ci GKUv Mí wj‡LwQ; Avi wb‡R‡K GKvwK‡Z¡ wb‡¶c K‡i ey‡SwQ
mvgvwRK ¶gZvavixiv Kx fxlY cÖeÂK! wg_¨v cwÊZ Avi QÙ‡ekx f`ª‡jv‡K f‡i DV‡Z
†`‡LwQ XvKv kni| mvwnZ¨-mgv‡RI bKj Ges †cvkvKavix mvwnwZ¨‡K wMRwMR Ki‡Q| GB
mg‡q cwiPq nq Avgvi mnhvÎx MíKvi‡ì m‡½| G‡ì AwaKvskB Ggb weåv‰‭ †h‭†jLK
ne bvwK †jLK cwiPq‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q mvgvwRK cÖwZcwË AR©b Kie GB †`vjvP‡j Pj‡Z
Pj‡Z `yÕPviLvbv Mí wjL‡Z wM‡q m‡Li MvwíK n‡q KuvPvcvKv Pzj wb‡q GKz‡ki eB‡gjvq
164
NyiNyi K‡i; Avi Avgv‡K †`L‡j †Vuv‡U Acgvwb‡Zi nvwm Szwj‡q †evKvi g‡Zv e‡j
Gfv‡e wK w`b hv‡e eÜz! GL‡bv mgq Av‡Q †Kv_vI Kv‡RK‡g© Xy‡K co...| HKvw‰‭K B‪Qv
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GKUvB hyw³ Av‡M‡Zv euvP‡Z n‡e| Avc‡b euvP‡j ev‡ci bvg...|
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†dviv‡g cÖMwZkxj Av‡‱`vjb msMÖv‡g mg_©b †RvMvZ be¨ jy‡Uiv‡ì _vevi wb‡P c‡o Zv‡ì
cÖfve µgv‰^‡q K‡g †M‡Q| GBme wewea cwieZ©‡bi wfZi w`‡q †h mgq e‡q hv‡‪Q Zvi
wfZi w`‡q be″B‡qi MíKviiv GKUv-`yBUv K‡i Mí •Zwi K‡i hv‡‪Qb| ejv P‡j, be″B‡qi
AwaKvsk MíKvi mvgwiK kvmbwe‡ivax NvZ-cÖwZNvZ, mvgvwRK g~j¨‡ev‡ai am, Acms¯‥…wZ,
ag©eëmvqx‡ì AvMÖvmb, bi-bvixi m¤ú‡K©i wePz¨wZ cÖf„wZ cwiewZ©Z ev¯‭eZvi wPÎ AuvK‡Z
Pv‡‪Qb| G‡Z K‡i iPbvfw½I cv‡ë hv‡‪Q| be″B‡qi MíKviiv ¯^vaxb evsjvi cÖ_g cÖRb¥
nIqvq Zviv Abyfe K‡ib KwjKvZvq cÖPwjZ kvw‰‭cyix fvlvfw½ cÖjw¤^Z K‡i cvVK‡K M‡í
a‡i ivLv hv‡‪Q bv| XvKvi †h ¯ vbxq fvlvfw½, hv µgvMZ cwieZ©bkxj, †mB fvlv‡KB
Zv‡ì wP‰‭vi evnb Kivi cÖqvm wb‡q‡Qb| G‡Z K‡i cvVK M‡íi m‡½ A‡bK †ewk GKvZ¥
n‡Z cv‡i Ges KwjKvZvi D‪PviYfw½i GK‡N‡q K…wÎgZv †_‡K gy³ n‡q •ewPÎ¨mÜvbx
nIqvi AeKvk cvq| Avwk I be″B‡qi MíKvi‡ì GUv GKUv ¯§iYxq cÖ‡Póv| XvKvi
mgmvgwqK gvbfvlvi AbymÜvb w`‡Z cv‡i GB mg‡qi Mí|
Rxeb GZ `ª Z avegvb †h ey‡S IVvi Av‡MB dzwi‡q hvq| wK‰‧ mvwnZ¨ meKv‡j
bevMZ‡ì nv‡Z bZzb gvÎvq hy³ n‡q cvVK‡K mgmvgwqK ev¯‭eZvi A‰‭iv‡j wb‡q †h‡Z
_v‡K| mvwn‡Zï †eva Øviv ZvwoZ n‡q gvbyl bZzb bZzb Dcjwä‡Z †cu․Qvq| Mí †jLvi `xN©
cÖwµqvq hv‡ì‡K Avgvi mnhvÎx wn‡m‡e eBc‡Î, cwÎKvi cvZvq Dcw¯ Z †`wL Zv‡ì g‡a¨‭
dKi j †P․ayix, †mwjbv wkwib wkK`vi, †iRv NUK, kvnbvR gyb′x, mvjvg mv‡jn D`&`xb,
Aw`wZ dvêywb, AwóK AviRy, Zcb eo‬qv, nvwg` Kvqmvi, gvngy`v Av³vi, cvi‡fR †nv‡mb,
jveY¨ cÖfv, Ac~e© mvnv, gvneye †gv‡k©`, BgwZqvi kvwgg, mv` Kvgvjx, wRqv nvmvb, KvRj
kvn‡bIqvR, Avwbm ingvb, dvnwg`yj nK, †mwjg †gvi‡k`mn A‡b‡Ki Mí c‡o AvcøyZ
n‡qwQ| cÖwZwU MíB †h bZzb K_bfw½ `vwe K‡i A‡b‡Ki wfZi GB aviYv Abycw¯ Z †`wL|
be″B‡qi A‡b‡K we¯‭…Z eqvb †Ìqvi K¬vw‰‭Ki fw½ eënvi K‡ib| nq‡Zv ivkvb Mífw½
†_‡K cÖvß| nq‡Zv A‡b‡K Jcb¨vwm‡Ki †gRvR aviY K‡ib| †KD †KD Dcb¨vm †jLvi
cÖv°v‡j Mí wj‡L‡Qb| Gfv‡e Avgiv †c‡q hvw‪Q bZzb bZzb Mí| mvwnwZ¨K gn‡j cÖvqB ïwb
165
Agy‡Ki AgyK Mí KvjRqx, Agy‡K Kv‡jvËxY© Mí wj‡L †d‡j‡Qb Avwg GB g~j¨vq‡bi
m‡½ GKgZ bB| Kvj wbiewa| kir wKsev Zvivk¼‡ii Mí¸‡jv AvRKvj †Zgb cwVZ nq
bv| cvVK Zvi mg‡qi †jLvB co‡Z cQ‱` K‡i| Avgvi cvVK Avgvi Pvicv‡ki eÜziv|
fvexKv‡ji cvVK Avgvi Mí co‡e Ggb `yivkv Kwi bv| Mí g~jZ m~²Zi Dc‡fv‡Mi e¯‧|
Mvwí‡Ki GKUv †Mvcb evmbv _v‡K Ac~e© Dc¯ vcbvi wfZi w`‡q cvVK‡K †gvwnZ K‡i
†djv| Avgvi mg‡qi M‡í GB g‡bvgy»Ki e¨vcviUv mvgvb¨B †Pv‡L co‡Q| m¤cÖwZ eyKvi
cÖvBR-†RZv GKRb weªwUk MíKv‡ii Ôwm·wU †dviwUÕ bv‡gi GKLvbv Mí c‡o we‡bvw`Z
n‡qwQ| mgKvjxb M‡íi me©v½ mgKvjxbZv `vwe K‡i| KviY, Zv GLbKvi cvV‡Ki Rb¨B
cÖKvwkZ nq| AvR‡Ki †miv Mí cvV‡Ki Avbw‱`Z Abyf‡e Kv‡ji evav †cwi‡q hvq| †hgb,
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Avgvi eÜz‡K Pg‡K †`‡e| G‡ZB Avgvi Avb‱`; Avgvi Mí †jLvi mv_©KZv| †K Avgvi †mB
eÜz! Av‡Rv †Kb Zvi †`Lv cvB bv! †Kb Lyu‡R cvB bv, hv Avwg wjL‡Z PvB| A‡c¶vq
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cÖ e Ü
gyw³hy‡×i †QvUMí : ey‡jUwe× w`bivwÎ
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DwbkkÕ GKvËi evOvwj Rxe‡bi GK †kªô, †R¨vwZ©gq mgq| bq gv‡mi hy‡× GKwU †`k nVvr
i³v³ n‡q D‡VwQj †mmgq| Acwi‡gq i‡³ wf‡R‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki cwjgvwU, c‡_-cÖv‰‭‡i KZ
bvg-cwiPqnxb jvk c‡o †_‡K‡Q, KZ jvk †f‡m †M‡Q b`xi welY′ Rj‡mªv‡Zi mv‡_,
cvK‡mbv‡ì Av¸‡b cy‡o †M‡Q MÖvg, ev¯‧wf‡U †Q‡o cÖvYf‡q cvwj‡q‡Q gvbyl, awl©Zv †ev‡bi
weeY© †Pnviv †`‡L †µv‡a †d‡U c‡o‡Q fvB ZvB, GKvËi evOvwj Rxe‡bi †kªô mgq| KviY,
166
ZLb ÔRq evsjvÕ †¯vMvbwU ey‡Ki †fZi †_‡K D‡V G‡m, i‡³ Av‡jvob Zz‡j wkD‡i w`‡qwQj
mg¯‭ †PZbv‡K, evOvwj ZLb cy‡ivcywi weï× evOvwj n‡q D‡VwQj IB eQiB|
evqvb′Õi GKz‡k †deª qvwi evOvwj‡K w`‡qwQj weï× evOvwj nIqvi †jv‡KvËi `x¶v,
Avkvi SjwKZ Av‡jvi gwngv| gyw³hy×c~e© ÔevOjv¯‭vbÕ wQj •¯îZ‰¿, mvgwiK kvmb, ag©vÜZv,
†kvlY, wbh©vZb, ga¨hyMxq ee©iZv, wecix‡Z gyw³hy× gv‡b ¯^vaxb f~LÊ, nvRvi ¯^c′, MYZ‰¿,
mgvRZ‰¿, BnRvMwZKZv, †kvlYnxbZv, AvaywbKZv, cÖMwZkxjZv, bZzb m~‡h©i Av‡jv| ZvB
cuwP‡k gvP© Kv‡jvivwÎ †_‡K †lvjB wW‡m¤^‡ii `~iZ¡ I cv_©K¨ nvRvi eQ‡ii| Gfv‡e wP‰‭v
Ki‡j evOvwji ¯îƒc‡PZbv Avi RvZxqZv‡ev‡ai RvMiY, AvZ¥mv¶vr jvf K‡i| Avi GUvB
gyw³hy‡×i APwiZv_© †PZbv| GB AvZ¥Abyfe Avgv‡ì gbbwe‡k¦ †h m„Rb‡cÖiYvi So †Zv‡j,
Zv-B †Zv gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvmg„× wkíKg©| Avgv‡ì cÖexY-cÖavb MíKviiv gyw³hy×‡K
cwi‡cÖw¶Z K‡i †hgb iPbv K‡i‡Qb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí, †Zgwb bexb Mí-wjwL‡qivI gyw³hy‡×i
Dcv`vb, Abyl½ eënvi K‡i‡Qb cÖej Drmv‡ni m‡½| cÖexY MíKvi‡ì A‡b‡K hy‡×
mivmwi AskI wb‡qwQ‡jb, d‡j cÖZ¨¶ AwfÁZvi wPÎ D‡V G‡m‡Q Zv‡ì †jLvq| Gme
M‡í gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi cwicøvex weKvk †hgb Av‡Q, †Zgwb gyw³hy‡×i wewPÎ Abyl½ iƒcvwqZ
n‡q‡Q AZ¨‰‭ mdjfv‡e| kÎ KewjZ bM‡ii Aei × gvby‡li Amnvq‡Z¡i wPÎ, ¯^‡`kf~wg
†_‡K Aw¯‭Z¡i¶vi Rb¨ cvwj‡q euvPv gvby‡li wewPÎ AwfÁZv †hgb ev‫‫‬gq n‡q D‡V‡Q, †Zgwb
nvbv`vi‡ì nZ¨v, jyÉb, wbh©vZb, al©Y, gyw³‡hv×v‡ì cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wPÎ, m¤§yLhy‡×
gyw³evwnbxi exiZ¡, AvZ¥`vb, †M․iegq Qwe dz‡U D‡V‡Q †QvUM‡íi ¶z`ª K¨vbfv‡m|
gyw³hy‡×i M‡í GKUv we‡kl cÖeYZv j¶ Kiv hvq, †mUv n‡‪Q †h, Avgv‡ì
MíKv‡iiv gyw³hy×‡K eY©bv K‡i‡Qb ¯§„wZ ev kÖ wZ †_‡K Ges AwaKvsk MíB hy‡×vËi mg‡q
iwPZ, djZ meUvB †cQb wd‡i †`Lv| GQvovI nvbv`vi‡ì wbh©vZ‡bi Qwe AuvK‡Z hZUv
ZrciZv j¶ Kiv hvq, gyw³‡hv×v‡ì AvZ¥Z¨vM, weRq, mvd‡jï Qwe AuvK‡Z ZZUzKz †hb
Av‰‭wiK bq| cÖZ¨¶ msMÖv‡gi wPý, m¤§yLhy‡×i AwfÁZv M‡í G‡m‡Q Kg| ¯^vaxbZv-DËi
mg‡qi gyw³‡hv×v‡ì nZvkv, ivR‣bwZK A_©‣bwZK Uvbv‡cv‡ob, ivóªxq ¶gZvi cvjve`j
M‡íi welq n‡jI gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi cÖkªqx cwiPh©v cvqwb M‡í| BwZg‡a¨ gyw³hy×wfwËK
K‡qKwU MímsKjb †ewi‡q‡Q| hwÌ Gi AwaKvskB eëmvwqK D‡Ï‡k¨B cÖYxZ, Zey
gyw³hy‡×i mvwnwZ¨K km¨ wn‡m‡e G¸‡jv g~jëvb|
gyw³hy×wfwËK cÖ_g MímsKjb K‡ib Ave`yj Mvddvi †P․ayix evsjv‡`k K_v Kq
(1971)| GwU †KvjKvZv †_‡K †ei nq| c‡i Aek¨ GwUi evsjv‡`k ms¯‥iY nq| G
msKj‡bi †jLKiv wQ‡jb m‡Z¨b †mb, kIKZ Imgvb, Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †P․ayix, wbg©‡j‱`y
¸Y, Avmv` †P․ayix, myeªZ eo‬qv, Aby Bmjvg, Kv‡qm Avn‡g`, wecÖ`vm eo‬qv, dRjyj nK
cÖgLy | GQvovI i‡q‡Q Avwe` ingvb m¤úvw`Z †cÖ¶vcU 71 (1979), kIKZ Imgvb I
kvgxgv nvwmb m¤úvw`Z cÖwZwe‡¤^ cÖwZØ›Øx (1981), Aveyj nvmbvZ m¤úvw`Z gyw³hy‡×i Mí
(1983), nvi Y nvexe m¤úvw`Z gyw³hy‡×i wbe©vwPZ Mí (1985) cÖf„wZ msKjb| Avgv‡ì
MíKvi‡ì A‡b‡K gyw³hy×‡K wb‡q iPbv K‡i‡Qb GKK MíMÖ‰ | G‡ì g‡a¨ kIKZ
Imgv‡bi Rb¥ hw` Ze e‡½ (1975), ekxi Avj †njv‡ji cÖ_g K…òP~ov (1972), AvjvDwÏb
Avj-AvRv‡ì Avgvi i³ ¯^cœ Avgvi (1975), nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki bvgnxb †MvÎnxb
(1975), wecÖ`vm eo‬qvi hy× R‡qi Mí (1985), Gnmvb †P․ayixi GKvË‡ii Mí (1983),
Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏx‡bi iv‡Rb VvKz‡ii Zx_©hvÎv (1977), Avey eKi wmwÏ‡Ki g‡i euvPvi
167
¯^vaxbZv (1977), mv‡`Kv kwdDjøvn-i hy× Ae‡k‡l (1983), Lv‡j`v mvjvDwÏ‡bi hLb
i‚×k¦vm (1986) cÖf„wZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
gyw³hy×wfwËK Mí¸‡jvi †fZi f~‡Mv‡j cÖ‡ek Ki‡j Avgiv †`Le evsjv‡`‡ki
BwZnv‡mi me‡P‡q †M․iegq Aa¨vq Kxfv‡e iƒcv‰‭wiZ n‡q‡Q †PZbvi Mfxi Zvrc‡h©|
ivR‣bwZK ¯^vaxbZvi mv‡_ mv‡_ mevi Avjv`v Avjv`v A_P GKB iKg ¯^v_©wP‰‭vi cÖejZvq
Ab¨vb¨ AwR©Z hrmvgvb¨ m¤ú` nvwi‡q †Mj| Kx Rvwb wVK GB Kvi‡Y wKbv, mvs¯‥…wZK
wfwËf~wg‡Z gyw³hy×m„wó m¤¢vebvmg~‡ni bwRi Avgv‡ì M‡í `yj©f| Z‡e Gi GKUv bwRi
m‡Z¨b †m‡bi cwievby Kvwnbx Mí| kw³i †cQ‡b i waiavivi g‡Zv †Mvcb, †h msMÖvg evsjvi
wbixn, kv‰‭ gvbyl‡KI wb‡q Av‡m D¾xweZ nevi g‡Zv Kg©Kv‡Êi ì`x iƒcvq‡Y m‡Z¨b †mbB
Zv‡K wb‡q Av‡mb mvwn‡Zï Avm‡i| Kv‡RB Kvwnbxi AvKv‡i n‡jI m‡Z¨b †mb‡K ej‡Z
n‡q‡Q cwievbyi K_v| kÎ  wbabv‡_© Rxe‡bi †P‡qI g~jëvb m¤ú` DrmM© Kiv cwievbyi
Kvwnbx| Av‡‱`vj‡bi Ges gyw³hy‡×i i³Siv w`b¸‡jv‡Z G‡mB `v¤úZ¨ LybmywUi nvi Y
gv÷vi Zvi `„wói †Nvi †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Z m¶g nq| PURjw` wP‡b wb‡Z cv‡i Zvi my‱ìx
¯¿x cwievby‡K| cyi lvwj wP‰‭vfvebvi Mfx‡i cv-ivLv †mB AcwiPq Avi †bB| cwiYv‡g
Ôfv‡jvevmvi Mfxi Av¯^v`Õ m¤¢e n‡q I‡V| GUv Kvwnbx, KíKvwnbx bq| eis mvs¯‥…wZK
†PZbvi RM‡Z gyw³hy‡×i wµqv‡iLvi Av`j GLvb †_‡K Av›`vR K‡i †bqv hvq A‡bKUvB|
†evSv hvq hy×Uv Aj‡¶¨ cv evwo‡qwQj mvs¯‥…wZK A½‡bI (iwdKzj Bmjvg, evsjv‡`‡ki
mvwnZ¨ : †QvUMí, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1988)|
kIKZ Imgv‡bi `yB weª‡MwWqvi gyw³hy‡×i ïi ‡Z GKRb wbôvevb evOvwj dvqvi
weª‡MW Awdmvi Aci cvwK¯‭vwb Awdmvi Øviv wbnZ nIqvi Mí| cuwP‡k gvP© evOvwji wei ‡×
MYnZ¨v-h‡Ái cÖ_g wkKvi n‡qwQj evOvwj mvgwiK-AvavmvgwiK evwnbxi †jv‡Kiv, G M‡í
ZviB Avfvm cvIqv hvq| dvqvi mvwf©‡mi Awdmvi mqx` f~uBqv 25 gvP© Kv‡jv iv‡Z
nvbv`vievwnbxi AwM′ms‡hv‡Mi †jwjnvb wkLv †`‡L †Rvqvb‡ì wb‡q KZ©e¨K‡g© i g‡Zv Av¸b
wbfv‡bvi Rb¨ wM‡qwQ‡jb| cw_g‡a¨ †k‡ji AvNv‡Z dvqvi mvwf©‡mi †jv‡Kiv wbnZ nq|
mqx` fyuBqvI ¸wjwe× nq| ¸wjwe× Ae¯ vq f~uBqv e‡j
fvB‡jvM, Avc‡jvM †giv me dvqvig¨vb‡K †KD gviv ...nvg †jvM me wWDwU †g wbKvjv
...kni‡g AvM (Av¸b) jvMv ...nvg †jvM me dvqvi weª‡MWKv Av`gx|
ZLb, cvÄvex weª‡MwWqvi m½x e¨‡½i m‡½ e‡j‭wWDwU?
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†Zvgiv n¨v eyRvbv (†bvfv‡bv)‭mgSv?
cuwP‡k gvP© Nyg‰‭ wbixn-wbi¯¿ gvby‡li Ici AvKw¯§K nvgjvq cÖ_‡g †KD wKQy ey‡S
DV‡Z cv‡iwb| GgbwK GKB Awd‡m PvKwi K‡iI evOvwj Awdmvi mqx` f~uBqvI Rvb‡Z
cv‡iwb wKQy| hLb eyS‡Z cvij cwðgviv bviKxq nZ¨vh‡Á †b‡g‡Q ZLb Avi wKQyB ejvi
g‡Zv ¶gZv wQj bv Zvi| kIKZ Imgvb `yB weª‡MwWqvi M‡í evOvwji gvbeZv I cwðgv‡ì
ee©Zvi cwigvc K‡i‡Qb|
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m‰¿¯‭ bMixi gvby‡li RxebwPÎ Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q| XvKvq ivRviev‡MB cÖ_g ¸wj ewl©Z nq| M‡í
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168
†LuvR †bIqvi Rb¨| wK‰‧ evB‡i †ei nIqv Kvi mva¨| ¸wji AvIqvR GKUz Kg‡ZB ev`kv
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nvq`v‡ii M‡í †hgb Aei × gvby‡li Dw×M′ Ae¯ v, cvovi †jvK a‡i wb‡q hvIqvi msev`
Avgiv cvB wVK †Zgwb Ave`yj Mvddvi †P․ayixi †Kqv Avwg Ges Rvigvb †gRi M‡íI
kÎ KewjZ XvKv bMixi Aei × Ae¯ v I cvov †_‡K †g‡q Zz‡j †bqvi wPÎ †`L‡Z cvB
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cÖvq GKB iKg Aei ×, fxZm‰¿¯‭ gvby‡li RxebwPÎ cÖwZdwjZ •mq` kvgmyj n‡Ki
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fv‡jvevmv Ges myPwiZ †P․ayixi wbtm½ wbivwkªZ| kIKZ Avjxi M‡í wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ
gvngy` Ges Zvi mncvVxi m‡½ †cÖ‡gi m¤úK© †`Lv‡jI gyw³hy‡×i g~j Aven I GKRb
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cvk K‡i †ei ‡jB Zviv Ni euva‡e| wK‰‧ GiB g‡a¨ ïi  nj gyw³hy×| mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b
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gv‡b nq bv|
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wek¦we`¨vj‡qi GKRb hyeK Gfv‡e wb‡Ri †cÖg‡K, ¯^c′gq fwel¨r‡K Zz‪Q K‡i, wb‡Ri
†`k‡K kÎ Kej †_‡K gy³ Kivi Rb¨ Ask wb‡qwQj| Gfv‡e Avcvgi RbmvaviY hy‡× Ask
wb‡qwQj e‡jB ¯^vaxbZv Z¡ivw‰^Z n‡qwQj| wbtm½ wbivwkªZ M‡í myPwiZ †P․ayix GKvË‡ii
cuwP‡k gvP© †Rj †_‡K cvwj‡q Avmv GK `vwM Avmvwgi K_v e‡j‡Qb, †h mnmvB gyw³‡hv×vq
iƒcv‰‭wiZ n‡qwQj| MíwU wØZxq wek¦h‡y ×i †cÖ¶vc‡U †jLv wgLvBj k‡jvK‡fi gvby‡li fvM¨
bvgK Mí‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| Aek¨ MíwU myPwiZ †P․ayixi wbR¯^ Av`‡j Mov Ges
Avengvb evOvwj wbivwkªZ-wbh©vwZZ we‡`ªvnx m‰‭vb †ivKb‡K wN‡i| PÆMÖv‡gi AvÂwjK fvlvi
eënvi MíwU‡K Avjv`v •ewkó¨ G‡b w`‡q‡Q|
GiKg Av‡iKwU Mí Avey Rvdi kvgmywÏ‡bi KwjgwÏ `dv`vi| †jL‡Ki wbR¯^
ìevwi X‡O ejv n‡jI †klUvq Ab¨ GK Zvrch© G‡b w`‡q‡Q| M‡íi †k‡l Av‡Q Zviv m½xiv
169
mevB gyw³, †m-B ïay Zvi cyi‡bv miKvwi †cvkv‡K mK‡ji cwiwPZ KwjgwÏ `dv`vi| G‡Z
K‡i †h †QvU Bw½ZwU cvIqv hvq DËiKv‡j Zvi Zvrch© wK‰‧ Avi †QvU _v‡Kwb| Avgiv
†`‡LwQ ¯^vaxbZv-DËiKv‡j A‡b‡K ivZvivwZ eo n‡q‡Qb wK‰‧ mvaviY gvby‡li Ae¯ v i‡q
†M‡Q KwjgwÏi mv‡eK †cvkv‡Ki g‡Zv| Avey Rvdi kvgmywÏ‡bi KwjgwÏ `dv`vi M‡í
Av‡iv i‡q‡Q gyw³hy‡×i mgq MÖvgevsjvi Ae¯ v we‡klZ cvwK¯‭vwb nvbv`vi‡ì bvix-
wbh©vZ‡bi wPÎ| G ai‡bi Av‡iKwU Mí gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡e‡ii K‡eR †j‡Vj| fyj weKvk
M‡í mv‡ei m¤¢eZ MÖv‡gi gvbylRb m¤ú‡K© Lye †ewk fvebvwP‰‭vi AeKvk cvbwb| wK‰‧ K‡eR
†j‡Vj-G MÖv‡gi Kqai‡bi gvby‡li wek¦¯‭wPÎ †h Av‡Q ïay ZvB bq, gyw³hy‡×i c¶-wec‡¶i
g~j m~ÎUvI my‱ìfv‡e D‡V G‡m‡Q| `yB †gvo‡ji †bvsiv cÖwZc¶Zv| Gme †jv‡Ki mvaviY
Ae¯ v GB †h, GKRb hw` ev‡g hvq Ab¨Rb hv‡e Wv‡b| wK‰‧ GKvË‡ii fqven mg‡q
e¨vcviUv AbïKg cÖ_giv‡Z `vIqvZ †Ìqvi †m․fvM¨ †Rv‡U igRvb †k‡Li| AvKgj cÖavb
G‡Z Lye gb¶zY′| Zi Y Awdmvi Afq †`q, †m hLb G‡m‡Q Ges _vK‡Q †ek wKQyw`b,
AvKgj cÖav‡bi evwo‡ZI †m hv‡e •ewK| igRvb †kL‡K Lyb Kivi cÖ¯‭ve †`q AvKgj cÖavb
K‡eR †j‡Vj‡K| A‡bK UvKv Ges Rwgi †jvf †`Lvq K‡eR‡K| cÖavb e‡j
wK wVK Kiwj ZzB?
K‡eR e‡jgvBqvWv‡i gvBiv †djvB‡jv|
Av‡i H KZv ivL, `yB-GKWv †Zv gi‡evB|
Ni R¡vjvBqv w`‡jv †h Lv‡gvKv?
AvKgj cÖavb iv‡Mw`j, Kv‡di †Mv AgbB nB‡ev|
hv‡ì ai‡Q Zv‡ì wK Kie?
GZ Rvb‡bi †Zvi wK ìKvi cÖavb Mig Mjvq e‡j ZzB Gme eySwe?
wewo aivq K‡eR, GKUz gv_v PzjKvq, e‡j bv, eywS bv|
Zq Avgvi KZv fvBev †`L, Rwg w`gy UvKv w`gy Ggyb my‡hvM Avi cvwe bv|
GKUzK‡iv, nv‡m K‡eR, e‡jn, fvwe|
G M‡íI gyw³‡hv×v g‡i wK‰‧ gv_v †bvqvq bv| Av‡i Zv‡ZB gv_v cwi®‥vi n‡q hvq K‡eR
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fvB‡evb †Q‡o gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY Ki‡Z mxgv‡‰‭i Icv‡i fvi‡Z wM‡qwQj Zvi wPÎ cvIqv
hvq AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì iƒcvš„i M‡í|
Rwni ivqnvb mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b M‡í GKRb gyw³‡hv×vi Wvqwi Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb, Zv‡Z
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gvbyl‡ì wb‡q Mí wj‡L‡Qb me‡P‡q †ewk| iv‡eqv LvZz‡bi †h fy‡j hvq, †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi
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evsjvq, gwa¨Lv‡b Pi, gvngy`jy n‡Ki Kv‡jv gvdjvi, ikx` nvq`v‡ii G †Kvb wVKvbv,
170
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi AcNvZ, wgwji nv‡Z †÷bMvb, †Luvqvwi, kvnwiqvi Kwe‡ii
GKvË‡ii hxï, nvi Y nvex‡ei †Mwijv, Zvcm gRyg`v‡ii gvwU, wmivRyj Bmjv‡gi hvÎvi
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M‡í Lye †ewk cÖwZdwjZ nqwb| †hme M‡í wKwÂr cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv‡Z
gyw³‡hv×v‡ì wbgg©fv‡e nZ¨v Kivi `„k¨ †`L‡j kixi wkD‡i D‡V| †hgb kvnwiqvi Kwe‡ii
GKvË‡ii hxï Mí| G M‡í wZbRb gyw³‡mbv‡K µzkwe× K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq| m¤¢eZ wMR©vq
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hxïL„ó n‡q †M‡Q| †Wmgb (wMR©vi NÈvev`K) †g‡Ni Mv‡q µzkwe× hxï‡K †`L‡Z †c‡jv|
wVK GB iKgB µz‡ki Dci †_‡KB wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb Gjx Gjx jvgv kve‡³vbx| Ck¦i Avgvi
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Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì Avmbœ Ges nvi Y nvex‡ei †Mwijv| m¤¢eZ GLb ch©‰‭ gyw³hy‡×i †kªôMí
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Si‡Q †cvovgvwU‡Z| g‡bvqv‡ii fve‡Z Lye fv‡jv jvM‡jv †iwWI Awd‡mi GKUv QvZ Am¤¢e
171
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†MÖ‡bWfwZ© cyUwjUv ivL‡ZI g‡bvqvi AvcwË K‡i bv| wK‰‧ Ae‡k‡l †Pvi m‡‱`‡n wbnZ nq|
gyw³hy‡× knx` UzUzj| †m Avgv‡ì †M․ie; Zvi Mjvi Kv‡jv gvdjvi Avgv‡ì fvevq|
Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì Avmbœ M‡í gyw³‡hv×viv Kx `ya©l© jovB K‡i! g„Zzï ci I‡ì gy‡L
cÖkvw‰‭i nvwm dz‡U I‡V| hviv ¸wjwe× n‡q †eu‡P _v‡K Zviv h‰¿Yvi K_v fy‡j wM‡q bZzb K‡i
kw³ mÂq K‡i| fv‡e Kuv‡ai ey‡jUUv hZ ZvovZvwo cviv hvq evi K‡i †djvi eë¯’v Ki‡Z
n‡e| nvi Y nvex‡ei †Mwijv M‡í AcNv‡Z g„Zzï AvZ©bv` KZ weKU n‡Z cv‡i, Rvbv wQj
†Mwijv‡ì, wK‰‧ ìRvi cv‡k ùvov‡bv ivwRqvi evev hLb †Mjvg †Mv, †Lv`v †Lv`v‡Mv‭e‡j
AvZ©bv` K‡i DVj ZLb Avi wVK _vK‡Z cvij bv †KD| †`L‡Z †`L‡Z ¸‡jv Qyuo‡Z Qyuo‡Z
N‡ii wbKUeZ©x nj cvwK¯‭vwb •mbïv| GK e„×vi AvZ©bv` †kvbv †Mj cv‡ki N‡i| GKmgq
¸‡jv dzwi‡q †Mj iwdKzj Bmjv‡gi Gj.Gg.wRi; †`L‡Z †`L‡Z gv_vi Lywj D‡o †Mj cøvUzb
KgvÛv‡ii| ev`‡ji KÉbvjxUv wQu‡o †Mj eªvmdvqv‡i, nv‡Zi †MÖ‡bWUv‡K Avi wb‡¶c Kiv
nj bv Bw`ª‡mi, ï‡q †_‡KI †invB †cj bv w`bvRcy‡ii eyjeyj| wU‡bi NiUvq Av¸b R¡‡j
DVj `vD `vD K‡i| G M‡íi gyw³‡hv×viv mdj Acv‡ikb K‡iI ¯^vaxbZv †`‡L †h‡Z cv‡i
bv, Zvi Av‡MB g„Zzï †Kv‡j X‡j c‡o|
nvi Y nvex‡ei †Mwijv M‡í gyw³‡hv×v‡ì AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi Qwe †hgb Av‡Q †Zgwb
gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Avkªq `vbKvix MÖvgevsjvi Avcvgi gvby‡li gn‡Ë¡i K_v Ges GB
gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Avkªq`v‡bi Kvi‡Y GKwU cwievi Kxfv‡e wbwðý n‡q wM‡qwQj Zvi K_v|
c~e©ajv MÖv‡g †MuvmvBcyKzi weª‡Ri mvK‡mmdzj Acv‡ikb Ki‡Z wM‡q gyw³‡hv×v bvwQiDÏx‡bi
evievi g‡b c‡o‡Q Avkªq`vbKvix M„n‡¯ i †g‡q ivwRqvi K_v, †h gyw³‡hv×v‡ì AvMgb‡K
MÖv‡gi Ab¨ gvby‡li Kv‡Q XvKv †`qvi Rb¨ wg‡Q †e․ †m‡R‡Q| Zey †m wb‡R‡K i¶v Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb, cv‡iwb gyw³‡hv×v‡ì‡KI cÖv‡Y euvPv‡Z| Abyiƒcfv‡e AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi
172
AcNvZ Mí Zx¶è gg©‡f`x n‡q ey‡K G‡m †eu‡a| ¯§„wZcivqY G RvwZ‡K AvNvZ K‡i‡Qb iƒp
fvlvq mÜ¨vi ci †Q‡ji Rb¨ nvg‡j †Ku‡` gv hw` mviv MÖvg gv_vq bv Zzjj †Zv eyjy GZ
K‡ói giv gi‡Z †M‡Q †Kvb `yt‡L? †h eyjyi jvk †f‡m hvq Lvj †_‡K b`x‡Z, GK b`x †_‡K
Ab¨ b`x‡Z, GKK_vq mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡k| †Pqvig¨v‡bi fvM¨ fv‡jv, dmj fv‡jv nq, `vg cvq
BZ¨vw`| Avi Zvi Kx fvM¨, GKgvÎ †Q‡j kvnRvnvb g‡i gv‡qi †Kv‡j, eyjyi g‡Zv
gyw³evwnbx n‡q AcNv‡Z g‡i bv| A_P g„Zz¨c~e© cÖjv‡c kvRvnvb †h †KejB eyjyi mv‡_ †h‡Z
†P‡q‡Q †mLvb †_‡K MÊ‡MvjUv cvKvq, ZviciB ïi  bvbv NUbvi| †Pqvig¨v‡bi PvKi
Kv‡e‡Ri weo weo K‡i K_v ejv, e‱`y‡Ki ¸wj †L‡q giv BZ¨vw` cÖm‡½ Kv‡eR ej‡Q Zvwj
†Zv Kvg njwb! Avi GB mewKQyi g‡a¨ kvRvnv‡bi jvk †klZK †hb e‡q wb‡q hvIqv n‡‪Q
AcNvZ-Gi †PZbv †_‡K `~‡ii w`‡K| wecÖ`vm eo‬qvi mv`v Kwdb M‡í gyw³hy× ïi i w`‡K
XvKv bMixi GKRb PvKz‡ii nVvr Avµv‰‭ nIqvi K_v aiv c‡o‡Q| G‡Z NUbvi †Kv‡bv
AmvgÄm¨ †bB| Awd‡mi Kv‡Ri Pv‡c `yÕw`b evmvq †h‡Z cv‡iwb †m, iv¯‭vq †ewi‡q †m
†`L‡Z cvq mg¯‭ kniUv wb¯‭ä, †jvKRb †bB, Mvwo‡Nvov †bB, RvZxqm½xZ bv-evwR‡q XvKv
†eZv‡ii Z…Zxq Awa‡ekb eÜ n‡q hvq| nVvr GKUv wiKkv †`‡L †m †`․ov‡Z _v‡K| GB
wiKkvIqvjvi Kv‡QB †m ïb‡Z cvq •mb¨ †b‡g‡Q| †`․‡o wM‡q †cÖmK¬v‡e Xy‡K| AvZ¥i¶v
†mLv‡b nq bv| †cÖmK¬v‡e XyK‡ZB LU LU k‡ã K‡qKRb µzi •mb¨ A¯¿ nv‡Z bv‡g| ¸‡jv‡Z
†cÖmK¬v‡ei Rvbvjv, ìRv, Qv` Si Si K‡i †f‡O coj| ev_i ‡g †_‡K †m wb‡R‡K wbivc`
g‡b K‡i bv| †`․‡o wb‡P wM‡q GKUv Mv‡Qi Qvqvq wb‡R‡K Avovj Ki‡ZB gyL †_‡K †ewi‡q
Gj †cÖmK¬v‡ei `v‡ivqvb KzZz‡ei bvg| KzZze Qy‡U G‡m ejj Gu¨v, Avcbvi Mv‡q i³? ev¯‭
weKB ZLb gvbyl Kwd‡b ï‡q †_‡KI Rxebi¶vq †Póv K‡i‡Q| ¯^vaxbZvhy‡× wbg′we‡Ëi Rxeb
wb‡q AbïKg wPÎ G‡m‡Q wiwRqv ingv‡bi B¾Z M‡í| ¯^vaxbZv msMÖv‡gi mgq †h †g‡qwU
B¾Zi¶v‡_© Av¸‡b Suvc w`‡q `n‡bi wPý A‡½ aviY K‡i‡Q †mB †g‡qwUB ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡ki evRvi A_©bxwZi `vc‡U weKwkZ e¨w³¯^vaxbZvi D¾xweZ cÖ‡ivPYvq †¯^‪Qvq
mÁv‡b B¾Z wewµ Ki‡Z P‡j hvq| †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi wf‡UgvwU, ikx` nvq`v‡ii G †Kvb
wVKvbv, iweDj ûmvB‡bi gvwUi †g‡Wj, Avng` ekx‡ii Ab¨cUf~wg, Zvcm gRyg`v‡ii gvwU
cÖvq GKB Aven aviY K‡i Av‡Q| †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi wf‡UgvwU-†Z ivRvKvi RMjy Lyb nq|
Zvi KvjdYv cÖmvigvb wQj gyw³‡hv×vi †i‡R‡K, knx` gyw³‡hv×v jwZ‡di evevi Av‡e‡M|
wK‰‧ Ly‡bi NUbvUv N‡U †hb Dcvqnxb cÖwZwnsmvi wbR¯^ n¯‭‡¶‡c| nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki
†div Ges Ni‡Miw¯’ `y‡Uv Mí gyw³hy× †k‡l N‡i †div GKRb gyw³‡hv×v Ges GKwU kiYv_©x
cwievi‡K wb‡q| †div M‡í GKUv wRÁvmv, GKUv cÖ‡k′i DËi †LuvRv n‡q‡Q, Avgiv †Kb hy×
K‡iwQjvg †m cÖ‡k′i| †m Reve Avgiv M‡í †c‡qwQ GKRb MÖvg¨ gyw³‡hv×v Av‡j‡di
Awkw¶Z ¯¿xi gyL †_‡K
`¨vk ¯^vaxb nB‡Q eD †hb gyL¯’ ejj|
Av‡jd cÖvq Nywg‡q c‡o †Nuvr K‡i GKUv k‡ãi m‡½ †R‡M wM‡q †m e‡j, Avgiv ivRv ev`kv
n‡ev bvwK ej‡Zv? ivRv ev`kv nev‡b g‡b nq| eD cÖwZev` Kij, Zv K¨vb? Avgv‡ì `ytL
Kó Avi _vK‡e bv?
gv‡b?
ZuvZKvco cvewb|
wVK Kw‛Qm? ...¯^vaxbZvi gv‡b eywSwQm g‡b nwZ‡Q|
173
nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki Aci Mí Ni‡Miw¯’Õi bvqK ivgkiY ¯^vaxbZvi †Kv‡bv gv‡b Lyu‡R cvq
bv, ZvB †`‡k wd‡i wf‡UgvwU Lyu‡R bv-†c‡q, †g‡q‡K nvwi‡q ivgkiY ¯^vaxb †`‡ki gvwU‡Z
ùvwo‡q e‡j I‡V
¯^vaxb nBwQ Avgiv ...¯^vaxb nBwQ Zv‡Z Avgvi ev‡ci wK? Avwg †Zv GB †`wn, MZ eQi
civ‡bi f‡q cvjvjvg BwÛ‡qbÕUv gvm k¨vj KzKz‡ii e¨vcvi! †Qvqvj wg‡qi nvZ a‡i AvR
Bwókvb, Kvj RvnvRNvU, ...¯^vaxb wK, Auv? Avwg LvwZ cvjvg bv‭†Qvqvj wg‡q ïwK‡q g‡i,
¯^vaxbUv †Kuvqv‡b?
ivgki‡Yi GB cÖ‡k′i †Kv‡bv DËi †bB| gyw³hy× †mLv‡b A_©nxb NUbvgvÎ n‡q hvq| †Kbbv
¯^vaxbZvi A_© AvR ivR‣bwZK `‡ji †kvKwgwQj| mvaviY gvby‡li fvM¨ Db′qb bq| gyw³hy×
†k‡l †`‡k wd‡i Avmv gyw³‡hv×v‡ì nZvkvi wPÎ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv M‡í dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †hgb
ivnvZ Lv‡bi gwa¨Lv‡b Pi, Bg`v`yj nK wgj‡bi cÖ¯‘wZce©, AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi
†Luvqvwi Mí| †Luvqvwi M‡í g‡ì Møv‡m R‡ov nIqv Pvi R‡bi †fZi †_‡K Bd‡ZLvi ej‡Q
Avt! †m‡fw›U Iqv‡bi c‡i ûBw¯‥ Avi †Pv‡LB †`wL bv †`v¯„! †Kv_vq †L‡Zb? Rvd‡ii Ôdm©v
gy‡L †Z‡Zv nvwmÕ, K¨v›Ub‡g‡›U †L‡Zb bvwK? ejvevûj¨ GB Bd‡ZLvi‡K ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i
cvwj‡q _vK‡Z n‡qwQj, Awbevh©fv‡e PvKwiUvI †Mj| Rvdi d«‡›U hy× K‡i‡Q| GB wb‡q
Zvi ReiRs evnv`ywi‡Z dvi‚K †i‡M Us n‡q I‡V| †m fve‡Q †Zvi evc mwbK fvB d«‡›U
†M‡Q KL‡bv? jxWviiv d«‡›U hv‡e †Zv AM©vbvBR Ki‡e Kviv|
DwV mgiwRr| dvi‚K Gevi mwZ¨ mwZ¨ D‡V ùvovq| Zzwg †f‡e †`‡Lv| Gme e¨vcv‡i †Kv-
Acv‡iU bv Kiv
ÔmvefviwmfÕ| †hLv‡b Avcbvi my‡hvM Av‡Q, Avcwb †`‡ki b¨vkbvj BD_ AM©vbvB‡Rkb‡K
†ní bv K‡i eis A‡cvR Ki‡Qb, †Kb? Avcwb Avgv‡ì Kg‡cj K‡i‡Qb Uz‡UKÕ| †g‡Si
w`‡K ZvwK‡q mgiwRr Rvd‡ii D‡ËwRZ ev‡Kï Reve †`qbv bv, A‡cvR Kivi cÖkœB DV‡Z
cv‡i bv| dvi‚K e‡j GwbI‡q, Rvdi GKw`K †_‡K ivBU| a‡iv Avwg bv nq †Zvgv‡ì
fv‡jv K‡i wPwb| AKz‡cW wcwiq‡W †Zvgv‡ì mvdvwism-Gi K_v †Zv Rvwb| †gwkbMv‡bi
¸wji wbP w`‡q cvjv‡bvIt nwiej! wKš‘-!
wb‡Ri N‡ii eviv›`vq BwR‡Pqvi †c‡Z e‡m mgiwRr c‡KU †_‡K MuvRvi cywiqv †ei Kij|
†Mvwe›` kvjv `yÕUvKvi MuvRv w`‡q‡Q, Av‡M Pvi Avbv‡ZI Gi †P‡q †ewk cvIqv †h‡Zv|
Avevi `¨v‡Lv, GBUzKz gv‡j wewP KZ! GiKg †d‡j †Ìqv †Kv‡bv wewP †_‡K iRbxMÜvi U‡e
GB MuvRvi MvQ jvwM‡q‡Q| gvSLvb †_‡K iRbxMÜvi PvivUv g‡i †Mj| GB MuvRvi PvivI
†Kv‡bv Kv‡R Avm‡e bv| Rj Uj w`‡q GZ e‡ov Kij †Zv `¨v‡L kvjvi cvZvq cvZvq †cvKv
a‡i †M‡Q|
M‡í iRbxMÜvi U‡e MuvRvi MvQ MwR‡q IVv Ges iRbxMÜvi Pviv g‡i hvIqvi g‡a¨ GKUv
cÖZxKx e¨Äbv Av‡Q| a‡i †bIqv hvq iRbxMÜv Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv, Avi MuvRvi MvQ
Ae¶‡qi exR| ¯^vaxbZvi wKqr cieZ©x mgqwU GiKgB wQj| hy×‡k‡l gyw³‡hv×v‡ì N‡i
wd‡i †hb †Kv‡bv KvR †bB| nZvkvi AZ‡j Wy‡e †Mj cy‡iv‡`‡ki Bqs †Rbv‡ikb| MuvRvi
†bkvq Pzi n‡q coj weåv‰‭ Zi Y| ivnvZ Lv‡bi gwa¨Lv‡bi Pi M‡í wZbRb gyw³‡hv×v,
174
AvwZK, wgRvb Avi nvRvix hviv Av‡M wQj wek¦we`¨vj‡qi QvÎ, n‡qwQj gyw³‡hv×v wK‰‧ hy×
†k‡l n‡q‡Q nvBR¨vKvi| wgRv‡bi msjv‡c †mB cwiw¯ wZ aiv c‡o Gfv‡e
Av‡M hv wQjvg, wQjvg| GLb †Zv Avi BDwbfvwm©wU‡Z wd‡i †h‡Z cvwi bv ¸W eqwUi g‡Zv|
gvj Uvbvi Af¨vm K‡iwQ, Pvjv‡e †K? gvwMevwR PvjvB, cqmv †K †`‡e? nu¨v ej KzËv n‡qwQ,
Rv‡bvqvi n‡qwQ, ï‡qvi n‡qwQ ej, Mv‡q _y _y †`| wKš‘ kvjv †Zv‡ì wR‡Ám Kwi, †Zviv wK
n‡qwQm? †Zviv wK n‡qwQm? kvjv f~Lv gviwQm bv cvewj‡Ki mvg‡b? jvB‡mÝ cviwgU
evMvw‛Qm bv jvBb w`‡q? †nv‡U‡j †nv‡U‡j †h‡q †g‡qgvby‡li †c‡Ui bx‡P ï‡qv‡ii g‡Zv
†LjwQm bv nvivgRv`v? eøy wd¬g †`LwQm bv m½x-mv_x RywU‡q? kvjv Lei †Zv mevi cvB|
†`LwQ †Zv, Av`k©-dv`k© Kq kvjvi Av‡Q? kvjvi †`vl h‡Zv Nvi‚qv gv‡Qi? wVK KiwQ
Avgiv Gfv‡e Pvwj‡q hv‡ev|
ivnvZ Lv‡bi gwa¨Lv‡b Pi M‡í wkw¶Z gyw³‡hv×viv ¯^vaxb †`‡k nZvkv †_‡K A¯^vfvweK
Rxe‡b †b‡g †M‡jI Bg`v`yj nK wgj‡bi cÖ¯‘wZce© M‡íi Awkw¶Z MÖvg¨ gyw³‡hv×v ev‪Pz,
†LvKv Avi `yjvj wK‰‧ nZvkvq G‡Kev‡i Zwj‡q hvqwb| Zviv MÖv‡gi jÂNv‡U cÖZx¶v K‡i
Zv‡ì †bZv iZ′vi R‡b¨, cÖ¯‧wZ Avevi hy‡×i Rb¨, †bZvB‡K ZvB `yjvj e‡j
†cQb †_‡K Mjv LuvKvix †`q †bZvBPiY| `yevi| Zvici d¨vmd¨v‡m Mjvq e‡j, Avgvi eqm
AB‡jv AvovB Kzwo| GB e‡q‡m `yBLvb mvw`bZv †`Ljvg| Zvi K_v †kl nIqvi Av‡MB
`yjvj ej‡jv, Av‡iKLvbI †`L‡eb| †`wi K‡ib, iZœv wd‡i AvmyK| hyB× Kv‡i Kq,
mvw`bZv Kv‡i Kq †`L‡eb| Av‡Mi `yBLvb hyB× AB‡Q evB‡ii gvBb‡li j‡M, GBev‡ii
hyB×Wv AB‡ev N‡ii gvBb‡li j‡M|
Avgvi g‡b nq, N‡ii gvby‡li m‡½ hy×Uv ïi  n‡q †M‡Q| GB hy×Uv ivR‣bwZK, A_©‣bwZK,
mvs¯‥…wZK AwaKv‡ii Rb¨| †`‡ki ivR‣bwZK g‡Âi w`‡K ZvKv‡j welqwU Av‡iv ¯úó n‡q
I‡V| †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi Avwgbv I gw`bvi M‡í gmwR‡ì ci‡nRMvi gyqvw¾b Avj Avwg‡bi
`yB Kb¨vi cvwK¯‭vwb wgwjUvwi KZ…©K Avµv‰‭ nIqvi Kvwnbx ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Avj Avwgb
gyqvw¾b bvgv‡Ri IRy KiwQ‡jb, Ggb mgq evwoi D‡Vv‡b wZbRb wgwjUvwi G‡m ùvovq|
R‡ovm‡ov Avwgbv I gw`bv †`․‡o cvwj‡q hvIqvi K_vI †hb fy‡j hvq| cvwK¯‭vwb †mbv‡ì
GKRb GwM‡q G‡m gw`bvi _yZwb a‡i e‡j eûr LyemyiZ jvowK| gyqvw¾b ûgwo †L‡q
GKR‡bi cv‡q c‡o e‡j ûRyi Avcwf gymjgvb, nvgwf gymjgvb| cvwK¯„vwb bicïiv e‡j
nvg‡jvK QvgvR wMqv †Zvgnviv †`v‡bv jvowK eûZ Avw‛Q gvj n¨vq| MvÜv †bwn| gyqvw¾‡bi
gv_vq ZLb •ekvLgv‡mi N~wY©i g‡Zv S‡o e‡q hvq| cvwK¯‭vwb Avwg©iv Avwgbv I gw`bv‡K
K¨v‡¤ú wb‡q hvq| K¨v‡¤ú `kRb cvjvµ‡g w`‡biv‡Z Zv‡ì Avw`g Kvgbv PwiZv_© K‡i|
Avwgbvi K‡É ZvB Pig N„Yv I we`ªƒ‡ci nvwm
Avgv‡ì kixi Avi Avgv‡ì †bB| wn-wn K‡i †n‡m D‡VwQj gw`bv| nvm‡Z nvm‡Z e‡j,
Avgiv †h cvwK¯„vb i¶v KiwQ|
†mwjbv †nv‡mb G M‡í †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †h, gyw³hy‡×i ïi ‡Z hviv cvwK¯‭vb i¶v bv‡g
cvÄvwe‡ì mg_©b K‡i AvmwQj, kvw‰‭KwgwU, ivRvKvi, Avjeìevwnbx‡Z †hvM w`‡qwQj,
ZvivI †klch©‰‭ wb‡R‡ì cwievi-cwiRb‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| G j¾v, G AvZ¥Møvwb, G
175
Uª¨v‡RwW ag©wek¦vmx gyqvw¾b‡KI wbi Ëi, wbe©vK K‡i‡Q| Avwgbv I gw`bv Muv‡qi †g‡q‡ì
gy‡L ¯^vaxbZvi K_v ï‡b‡Q| wK‰‧ Iiv Rv‡b bv ¯^vaxbZv Kx, AvR wb‡R‡ì w`‡K ZvwK‡q
Iiv ¯^vaxbZvi GKUv A_© ùvo Kiv‡Z Pvq, Zv nj i³, i³ w`‡q ¯^‡`‡ki mv‡_
wek¦vmNvZKZv Kivi cÖvqwðË Ki‡Z n‡e| eyjeyj †P․ayixi Mí b`x Rv‡b| KweivR †h hy‡×i
mgq A¯¿ nv‡Z kÎ i †gvKvwejv KiwQj wK‰‧ hy× †kl nIqvi ci Zvi †eu‡P _vKvi Dcvq
Lyu‡R cvq bv| Gw`‡K ¯¿x micyb gv n‡‪Q| hw` †Q‡j‡c‡j nq, LvIqv‡e Kx? M‡íi fvlvq
A¯¿Uv ai|
†ni ci?
AvdQvb wdij gyw³hy× KBiv| A¯¿ Rgv w`wQj? †ni evwo‡Z Anb `vjvb DV‡Q|
Avwg wK Kigy?
WvKvwZ| KBqv w`‡Z Aq K¨vb? e›`yK Av‡Q †Kvb Kv‡g?
wQj KweivR| bvg wQj gyw³‡hv×vi LvZvq| †klKv‡j Lywb n‡q gi‡Q †m|
gyw³hy× I Gic‡ii mgqUv wbôzi nvfv‡Z n‡q †`Lv w`‡qwQj gyw³‡hv×v‡ì Rxe‡b| GKw`‡K
cvwievwiK Rxe‡b `ytL-`vwi`ª¨, Afve-AbUb, Ab¨w`K e¨w³MZ Rxe‡b nZvkv, e¨_©Zv
gyw³‡hv×v‡ì öjb-cZ‡bi w`‡K wb‡q hvq| GKmgq hviv †`k‡cÖ‡g DØy× n‡q kÎ i m‡½
hy× K‡iwQj GKUv ¯^c′gq fwel¨‡Zi Avkv wb‡q, ZvivB nZvk n‡q fyj c_ †e‡Q †bq|
eyjeyj †P․ayixi M‡í gyw³hy‡×vËi ev¯‭eZv `vi Yfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ|
Rwjj mv‡n‡ei wcwUkb ûgvq~b Avn‡g‡ì AmvaviY Mí| Rwjj mv‡ne `yÕRb knx`
gyw³‡hv×vi wcZv| GKvË‡i Zuvi `ywU †Q‡j m¤§yLhy‡× knx` n‡q‡Q wK‰‧ cyÎØ‡qi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv
†kvK, †¶vf †bB| wZwb GKwU wcwUk‡b gvby‡li ¯^v¶i msMÖn Ki‡Qb| wcwUk‡bi welqe¯‧
n‡‪Q wØZxq wek¦hy‡× `kjvL Bûw` gviv wM‡qwQj| †mB Aciv‡a cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wePvi Kiv nq,
Ges GL‡bv n‡‪Q| wK‰‧ G‡`‡ki wÎkjvL gvbyl †g‡i Acivaxiv Kx K‡i cvi †c‡q †Mj?
†Kb G wb‡q †KD K_v ej‡Q bv? Rwjj mv‡ne Zvi `xN© wcwUk‡b miKv‡ii Kv‡Q Av‡e`b
Ki‡Q, †hb hy×vcivax‡ì wePvi Kiv nq| †P․ÏnvRvi wZbkÕ ¯^v¶i msMÖn K‡i‡Qb wZwb| G
`vwe Av`v‡qi Rb¨ wZwb cÖ‡qvR‡b cÂvk jvL †jv‡Ki ¯^v¶i msMÖn Ki‡eb| hv‡K cvb
Zv‡KB welqwU †evSv‡Z Pvb wK‰‧ †jvKRb Rwjj mv‡ne‡K mn‡R MÖnY K‡ib bv| †KD
fv‡eb, †jvKwUi eywS gv_v wVK †bB| †QvKivi g‡Zv GK †Q‡j ejj †Kb cyiv‡bv Kuvmw›`
NvU‡Qb? ev` †`b fvB| miKvwi †jvKRb e‡j Avcbvi `yUv †Q‡j gviv †M‡Q, Avcwb GKUv
cwiZ¨³ evwoi Rb¨ ìLv¯„ K‡ib, evwo cvIqvi nK Avcbvi Av‡Q| ey‡ov Rwjj mv‡ne
ZLb †¶‡c hvq Avgvi `yB †Q‡ji Rxeb Kx GZ m¯„v? Rwjj mv‡n‡ei wcwUk‡b †KD
wmM‡bPvi †`q bv, g„Zz¨ch©‰‭ wZwb ¯^v¶i msMÖn K‡i‡Qb| ûgvq~b Avn‡g` G M‡í gyw³hy‡×i
†PZbvi cwicøvex we¯‭vi NwU‡q‡Qb| `yB nvRvi bq mv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…Z¡vaxb gnv‡RvU
miKvi hy×vcivax‡ì wePvi Ki‡e e‡j cÖwZkÖ wZ w`‡q ¶gZvq G‡m‡Q| BwZg‡a¨ miKvi
hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡ii cÖwµqv ïi  K‡i‡Q| †`kevmx †`L‡Z Pvq, GKvË‡ii civwRZ kÎ ,
ivRvKvi, Avjeì, Avjmvg&kevwnbxi wePvi| hviv †`‡ki wei ‡×, gvZ…f~wgi wei ‡×,
gvbeZvi wei ‡× Aciva K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì wePvi †nvK|
•mq` gbRyi j Bmjv‡gi Mí Møvwb-†Z †UvKb wKQy‡ZB Nyg‡y Z cv‡i bv| †UvK‡bi
g‡b nq, hy‡×i gv‡V GKUv †Uª‡Â †m ï‡q Av‡Q| Zvi Mv‡qi Dci gywe‡bi wekvj jvkUv wPr
176
n‡q c‡o Av‡Q| †mB jvk †KD mwi‡q bv w`‡j †UvKb Avi D‡V em‡Z cvi‡e bv| A_©vr
Møvwbi †evSvUv †UvKb‡K †P‡c a‡i| GB cÖZxKx Zvrc‡h© •mq` gbRyi j Bmjvg gy w³hy‡×i
†PZbv‡K •kwíK ïkÖƒlv `vb K‡i‡Qb| G ai‡bi wkímdj Mí Lye GKUv †jLv nqwb
gyw³hy×‡K wb‡q| `ytmg‡qi A¨vjevg bv‡g c~iex emy wj‡L‡Qb Wvqvwii g‡Zv A‡b‡Ki
Rxe‡bi `ytmn Kvwnbx| Zvcm gRyg`v‡ii wm‡Rv‡d«wbqvi w`bivwÎ M‡í evBk eQ‡ii Acy
cuwP‡ki gv‡P©i Amn¨ ¯§„wZ wb‡q †eu‡P _v‡K XvKv kn‡i| †m wKQy‡ZB fyj‡Z cv‡i bv †mB
Kv‡jvivwÎi `„k¨, †m †hb Av¸‡b cy‡o cy‡o LvK n‡q hv‡‪Q, wbcyY Kvev‡ei g‡Zv|
ivRvKv‡ii f~Z M‡í gÄy miKvi †kvbv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb ¯^vaxbZv-DËi cuwPk eQ‡ii ivR‣bwZK
e¨_©Zv, mg‡qi eëav‡b gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi f~jywÉZ Kvwnbx| GKvË‡ii ¯§„wZweRwoZ knx`
wgbviwUi dzj ev AkÖ  wKsev AvPvi-Abyôv‡bi m‡½ †Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB| 74-G `ywf©¶ Ges
75-Gi †kL gywRe wbnZ nIqvi ci, ¯^vaxbZv‡K fw³-kª×v Rvbvevi gvbyl †h MÖvg‡`‡k
GKRbI †bB| ¯‥z‡ji †Q‡jiv GKevi D‡`¨vM wb‡qwQj wK‰‧ GjvKvi bZzb †Pqvig¨vb evav
w`‡q e‡jwQj †Zviv wK wn›`y †h knx` wgbvi‡K dzj w`‡q c~Rv Kiwe| Gfv‡e gyw³hy‡×i
†PZbv gvi †L‡q hvq| g~j¨nxb, Ae‡njvi cvÎ n‡q I‡V gyw³‡hv×viv| gyw³‡hv×viv MøvwbKi
Rxebhvcb Ki‡Z _v‡K Avi ivRvKviiv cÖfvekvjx, cÖwZcwËkvjx n‡Z _v‡K mgv‡R| GB
Amn¨ ev¯‭eZv †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡i bv gÄy miKv‡ii M‡íi KzZzeywÏ| gyw³hy‡× KzZzeywÏi †Q‡j
nvwee knx` nq, †h m¤§vb I gh©v`v †c‡qwQj †m GKRb gyw³‡hv×vi wcZv wn‡m‡e|
gyw³hy‡×i ci GjvKvq Îvm wbRvg ivRvKvi‡K a‡i †h eUMv‡Qi Zjvq MYAv`vj‡Zi wePviK
wn‡m‡e KzZzeywÏ nZ¨vi Av‡`k w`‡qwQj, †mB wbRvg ivRvKviB †hb f~Z n‡q KzZzeywÏ‡K
AvQi K‡i| gyw³‡hv×v †`L‡jB KzZzeywÏ AvR †¶‡c I‡V e‡j †` Avgv‡i ivB‡dj †`|
¯^vaxbZv Avi Rq evsjv †Zvi †Mvqvi g‡a¨ †XvKve| gÄy miKv‡ii GKUv wfb′ Zvrc‡h©
gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv‡K Awfe¨wÄZ K‡i‡Qb| we‡klZ ¯^vaxbZvi ¯ cwZ‡K wbg©gfv‡e mcwiev‡i
nZ¨v Kivi ci mvgwiK †Rbv‡ij‡ì ivóªxq ¶gZv`Lj, ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax‡ì cybe©vmb,
ivRvKvi‡ì ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki g‰¿x nIqv, gyw³hy‡×i BwZnvm‡K weK…Z Kivi NUbvq GKRb
knx` gyw³‡hv×vi evev KzZzeywÏi iv‡M, N„Yvq, gvbwmK weK…wZ nIqv LyeB ¯^vfvweK NUbv| gÄy
miKvi Zuvi M‡í KzZzeywÏi cvMj n‡q hvIqvi NUbv ivRvKv‡ii f~Z e‡j cÖZxKvwqZ
K‡i‡Qb|
gynv¤§` Rvdi BKev‡ji Mí byi‚j Ges Zvi †bvU eB M‡í gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi co‬qv QvÎ‡ì †`Lv cwiw¯ wZi GKUv eY©bv cvIqv hvq| we‡klZ b~i ‡ji
†bvUeB, hv‡Z cvwK¯‭vwb wgwjUvwi‡ì wb‡q †RvKm msMÖn Kivi †K․ZzKKi NUbv Ges
wgwjUvwi‡ì nv‡Z aiv c‡oI †eu‡P hvIqvi `g-eÜKiv cwiw¯ wZ GKBm‡½ nvwm I Kvb′vi
D‡`ªK K‡i| f‡qi †Pv‡U b~i j c¨v‡‱UB cÖkªve K‡i †`q| cvwK¯‭vwb †mbviv evsjvq †jLv
†RvKm eyS‡Z cv‡iwb| wRÁvmvi Rev‡e e‡j‡Q †m, BmjvwgK wn‡÷vwii K¬vk †bvU| wiKkv
bxj‡¶Z †gvo Ny‡i hvIqvi mgq b~i j †bvUeBUv Wv÷we‡b Qyu‡o †d‡j †`q| knx`yj Rwn‡ii
Mí KuvUv-†Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q ivRavbx XvKvi f~‡Zi Mwji k¦vmi ×Ki cwiw¯ wZ| hy×PjvKvjxb
kvw‰‭KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb AveyeKi gIjvbv, †evKv ivRvKvi‡ì ZrciZv, Avãyj AvwRR
e¨vcvixi fvovwUqv my‡evaP‱`ª I Zvi ¯¿x ¯^c′v `vk‡K wb‡q gnjøvi †jvK‡ì DrKÉv, Kv‡Ri
†g‡q Kzjmyg‡K ivRvKv‡ii KgvÛvi Lye KvQ †_‡K ¸‡jv K‡i nZ¨v K‡i, BZ¨vw` NUbvi
ga¨w`‡q GKvË‡ii XvKv kn‡ii ev¯‭eZv cwiw¯ wZ D‡V G‡m‡Q| knx`yj Rwn‡ii wbR¯^ GKUv
177
fvlvfw½ Av‡Q| †mB fvlvfw½i Kvi‡Y GKvË‡ii NUbvi m‡½ Avwki `k‡K †mB evmvq
Avevi †h wn‱`y cwieviwU evmv fvov K‡i G‡m D‡V, Zv‡ì bvgI KvKZvjxqfv‡e my‡eva P‱`ª
`vk I ¯¿xi bvgI ¯^c′v `vk nIqvi Kvwnbx wfb′gvÎv cvq| gnjøvi †jv‡Kiv †hb GKUv ¯^‡c′i
†fZi AvUKv-c‡o| ¯^‡c′i †fZi AZxZ †_‡K eZ©gv‡b A_ev eZ©gvb †_‡K AZx‡Z AbycÖweó
n‡q weåvw‰‭‡Z fyM‡Z _v‡K| ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv †h, kw³gvb cÖexY MíKviiv †hgb
gyw³hy×‡K GKUv wkígvÎvq PP©v K‡i‡Qb, †Zgwb Zi Y MíKvi‡ì nv‡ZI gyw³hy× GKUv
wkwíZ Dcv`vb n‡Z †c‡i‡Q| m‡Z¨b †mb, Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb, kIKZ Imgvb, Avey
i k`&, Avey BmnvK, myPwiZ †P․ayix, AvjvDwÏb Avj-AvRv`, Avãyj Mvddvi †P․ayix, Rwni
ivqnvb, •mq` kvgmyj nK, iv‡eqv LvZzb, kIKZ Avjx, †evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi,
gvngy`yj nK, nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, ivnvZ Lvb, †mwjbv †nv‡mb, ûgvqyb Avn‡g`,
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm cÖgLy cÖexY MíKv‡iiv †hgb gyw³hy×‡K welq K‡i wkímdj Mí
wj‡L‡Qb, †Zgwb Bg`v`yj nK wgjb, gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei, gyn¤§` Rvdi BKevj, gÄy
miKvi, Zvcm gRyg`vi, mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi, knx`yj Rwni, kvnv`y¾vgvb, gvgyb †nvmvBb,
BgwZqvi kvgxg, bvmixb Rvnvb, kvnwiqvi Kwei, •mq` gÄyi j Bmjvg, Avdmvb †P․ayix,
Iqvwm Avn‡g`, myKv‰‭ P‡Ævcva¨vq, nvwg` Kvqmvi, †mwjg †gvi‡k`, •mq` wiqvRyi ikx`,
gwkDj Avjg, Avwbmyj nK, nvi Y nvexe, BmnvK ev‣o, •mq` BKevj, RvwKi ZvjyK`vi‭
G‡ì M‡í gyw³hy×Kvjxb Rxebh‰¿Yvi K_v wkwíZ ¯îMÖv‡g iƒcvwqZ n‡Z †`Lv hvq|
gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv‡K f~jywÉZ Kivi kZ‡Póvi g‡aÏ Avgv‡ì MíKvi‡ì D¾xe‡bi †Póv
Avgv‡ì Avkvw‰^Z K‡i|
eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i ¯^c¶ kw³ I wec¶ kw³ gy‡LvgywL msN‡l© wjß|
wewfb′¯ v‡b ZviB wew‪Qb′ NUbvi Lei cwÎKvi †nWjvBb n‡q Avm‡Q| myZivs Avgiv ej‡Z
cvwi Av‡Mi hy×Uv wQj Amgvß| gyw³hy× n‡q‡Q wK‰‧ gyw³ Avgiv Av‡Rv cvBwb| †f․‡MvwjK
¯^vaxbZv Avgiv †c‡qwQ wK‰‧ ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^v` Avgiv Av‡Rv cvBwb| gyw³i cÖZ¨vkvq Avgv‡ì
†PZbv mZZ Pwjòz| nq‡Zv †mBw`b †ewk `~‡i bq, †hw`b †gNgy³ †fv‡i ¯^vaxbZvi m~h©
Dw`Z n‡e evsjvi k¨vgj cÖv‰‭‡i| Avgiv †`L‡Z †P‡qwQ evOvwj RvwZi me‡P‡q †M․iegq
AvL¨vb gyw³hy× Kxfv‡e cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q †QvUM‡í, KZUzKz aviY K‡i‡Q Avgv‡ì
†PZbv‡K| Avgiv †`‡LwQ ùzwj‡½i g‡Zv gyw³hy‡×i A‡bK D¾¡j wPÎ Avgv‡ì †QvUM‡íi
K¨vbfv‡m D ¢vwmZ| Avgv‡ì MvwíKiv wb‡R‡ì †PZbvq RvMi †i‡L P‡j‡Qb gyw³hy‡×i
NUbv‡K| M‡íi eY©gq Avw½bvq gyw³hy‡×i eû R‡bi ü`‡q `vM Kv‡U mwZ¨ wK‰‧ gnr
178
†PZbvq DÏxß K‡i bv| Gi A‡bK¸‡jv KviYI i‡q‡Q, Avm‡j Avgv‡ì RvZxq Rxe‡bB
gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv weKvk jvf K‡iwb| mvwn‡Z¨ GB †PZbvi weKvk Kvw‫¶‫‬Z n‡jI KZUzKz
m¤¢eci? Av‡Rv wewfb′ mfvg‡Â e³…Zvq ej‡Z ïwb ¯^vaxbZvi mydj N‡i N‡i †cu․‡Q w`‡Z
n‡e| Gi A_© GL‡bv ¯^vaxbZvi mydj N‡i N‡i †cu․‡Q w`‡Z evwK| GLv‡bv gxgvsmv nqwb
gyw³hy‡×i ¯^c¶-wec‡¶i, RvqMvq RvqMvq msNl© Pj‡Q Dfqkw³i| AZGe wkí-mvwn‡Z¨
GB †PZbvi weKvk I cwiPh©v Aei × _vK‡e G †Zv ¯^vfvweK| Z‡e wK gyw³hy‡×i M‡í
Avgv‡ì †Kv‡bv cÖvwß †bB? GB cÖ‡k′i DËi i‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i AwR©Z †PZbvi
Af¨‰‭‡i| gyw³hy× wb‡q wkím¤§Z Avqy®§vb Mí nq‡Zv Av‡Rv iwPZ nqwb| m¤¢eZ gyw³hy×
Avgv‡ì mvwnwZ¨K‡ì mvwe©K Av‡e`‡b Db¥w_Z K‡iwb, Gi Rb¨ `vqx wkíxi mvgvwRK
cwi‡ek I gvbwmK mËv| wØZxqZ Avgiv hv †c‡qwQ Zv wbe‡Üi AvKv‡i weeiYgvÎ| cÖZ¨vkv
GL‡bv †kl n‡q hvqwb, Avgiv Avkvev`x, fwel¨‡Z †Kv‡bv AvM‰‧K wkíxi nv‡Z iwPZ n‡e G
RvwZi me‡P‡q †M․iegq AvL¨vb gyw³hy×, hvi kixi I g‡g© DrKxY© _vK‡e Awe¯§iYxq †mB
NUbv|
[ †jLK : Kwe, cÖvewÜK| mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK I wefvMxq cÖavb, evsjv wefvM Ges wWb, Kjv
I gvbewe`¨v Abyl`, Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq| ]
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi †QvUM‡í gyw³hy×
m wi dv mv ‡jv qv wW bv
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm (1943-1997) mgKvjxb evsjv K_vmvwn‡Zï Awemsev`x wkíx|

mgq I mgvRm‡PZb Bwjqvm Zuvi iwPZ 5wU MíMÖ‰  I 2wU Dcb¨v‡m ms‡hvRb K‡ib
mgKvjxb †`kxq †cÖ¶vcU, we‡kl K‡i cyivZb XvKvi mgvRRxe‡bi A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zv,
Ae¶wqZ g~j¨‡eva, bxwZåóZv, †jvf-jvjmv-wiismve„wË cÖf„wZ welq| Gme welq wbe©vPb
Bwjqv‡mi e¨vcK I wewPÎ RxebvwfÁZvi dj| Rxeb-hvc‡bi AwR©Z AwfÁZv wbR¯^
wkígva¨‡g cÖ‡qvM K‡i wZwb m„Rbkxj †g․wjK wkí‡K bvbvgyLx wg_w¯…qvq weKwkZ K‡i
†Zv‡jb| Gi d‡j Zuvi K_vmvwn‡Z¨, we‡klZ †QvUM‡í e¨w³gvby‡li kix‡ii nvo-gvsm-
g¾vi web¨vm Ges mgv‡Ri bóMwj, MwjZ-`wjZ Rxeb-hvc‡bi wPÎ cwijw¶Z nq|
Acwimxg •ah©, GKwbô g‡bv‡hvM Ges Zx¶è `„wó w`‡q wZwb †hfv‡e Rxeb‡K †`‡L‡Qb Zuvi
179
†QvUM‡íi web¨vmI Abyiƒc| ZvB Zuvi M‡í gvbeRxe‡bi RwUjZvi Abyl½ Z_v webwó-cPb,
cZb, ¶zav-`vwi`ª¨, a″sm-wbg©vY Ges gvbwmK •eKj¨ `yj©¶ bq| Bwjqv‡mi m„RbkxjZv I
¯^‪Q `„wófw½i cwiPqI †g‡j Gme M‡í| mgvRw¯ Z gvbyl I Zvi gb¯‭Ë¡, e¨w³K `k©b,
e¨w³i †eu‡P _vKvi cÖej †Póv I wei ×ve¯ vi cÖwZev`, m‡e©vcwi ivóªxq eë¯ vi cwieZ©b-
cÖwµqv I cÖwZwµqv cÖf„wZ welq-wbe©vPb Bwjqv‡mi mgvR-ivRbxwZ m‡PZbZviB dj|
evsjv‡`k bvgK iv‡óªi R‡b¥i cðv‡Z i‡q‡Q my`xN© ivR‣bwZK msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm| bvbv NvZ-
cÖwZNv‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q PovB-DrovB †cwi‡q †h iv‡óªi Rb¥, †mB evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li cÖwZ
Bwjqvm cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Qb m`_©K `„wófw½|
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm Rxeb‡K ch©‡e¶Y Kivi Zx¶è `„wó AR©b K‡i‡Qb A‡bKUv
cvwievwiK Ave‡ni d‡j| wcZv we.Gg. Bwjqv‡mi ivR‣bwZK Rxeb I wcZvg‡ni cywjk
evwnbx‡Z PvKwi, gvZvi eBcv‡Vi cÖej AvMÖn cÖf„wZ cvwievwiK Ave‡n †e‡o-IVv Bwjqvm
wØZxq wek¦hy×, g‰^‰‭i, †`kfvM cÖf„wZ ivR‣bwZK NUbvewj cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib Ges AR©b K‡ib
wb‡g©vn wZh©K `„wófw½| G Kvi‡YB Zuvi M‡í ivR‣bwZK Abyl½ we‡klZ RvZxq Rxe‡b
msNwUZ NUbvewj Qvqv †d‡j‡Q| AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm ivRbxwZ-m‡PZb mvwnwZ¨K|
mvwnZ¨PP©v Ki‡Z wM‡q wb‡Ri †eva‡K wemR©b bv-w`‡q eis mvwn‡Z¨ m‡PZbfv‡e cÖ‡qvM
NwU‡q‡Qb •`wkK ivR‣bwZK NUbvewj| gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq (1908-1956), bvivqY
M‡½vcva¨vq (1918-1970), †mv‡gb P‱` (1920-1942), nvmvb AvwRRyj nK (1939-)
cÖg‡y Li avivevwnKZvq AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi e¯‧ag©x mvwnZ¨PP©v| †QvUM‡íi bvbvwea
wel‡qi PP©v Ki‡Z wM‡q Bwjqvm g‰‭e¨ K‡ib :
†Kv‡bv GKwU mgm¨v‡K †K‱`ªwe‱`y K‡i GK‣iwLK Av‡jvi g‡a¨ Zv‡K h_vh_fv‡e
wbw`©ó Kivi kZ©wU cvjb Kiv m„Rbkxj †jL‡Ki c‡¶ w`b w`b KwVb n‡q co‡Q|
GKwU gvbyl‡K GKwUgvÎ Abyf~wZ ev mgm¨v w`‡q wPwýZ Kiv GLb Am¤¢e|1
Dchy©³ e³‡e¨ ¯úó †h Bwjqv‡mi `„wófw½ MZvbyMwZK bq, wfb′Zi| ZvB wZwb M‡íi wel‡q
cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z wM‡q mgv‡R Qwo‡q _vKv bvbvwel‡qi g‡a¨ gyw³hy×‡KI Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| KL‡bv D‡jøL-welq KL‡bv c‡iv¶fv‡e Avevi KL‡bv cÖZ¨¶fv‡e Ôgyw³hy×Õ n‡q
D‡V‡Q Bwjqv‡mi Mí-welq| e¶¨gvY cÖe‡Ü Bwjqv‡mi M‡í gyw³hy‡×i cÖm½ Aw‰^ó|
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi MímsL¨v Lye †ewk bq| 5wU MÖ‰ fy³ 23wU Ges AcÖKvwkZ
7wU, †gvU 30wU M‡í M‡o D‡V‡Q Bwjqv‡mi mvwnZ¨RMr| Gm‡ei g‡a¨ 11wU M‡í gyw³hy×
KL‡bv Abyl½ KL‡bv cÖavb welqiƒ‡c cÖwZfvZ| Mí¸‡jv nj : ÔcÖwZ‡kvaÕ, ÔAb¨N‡i
Ab¨¯îÕ, Ô†LuvqvwiÕ, Ôwgwji nv‡Z †÷bMvbÕ, ÔAcNvZÕ, Ô†`vR‡Li IgÕ, ÔRvj ¯^c′Õ, Ô¯^‡c′i
RvjÕ, Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ cÖf„wZ| Gme Mí we‡kølY Ki‡j `ywU cÖavb avivq G‡ì wef³ Kiv hvq|
cÖ_gZ gyw³hy‡×i cÖZ¨¶ NUbv-cÖev‡ni eY©bv msewjZ Mí Ges wØZxqZ gyw³hy‡×i
cÖfvemÄvZ c‡iv¶ NUbv msewjZ Mí ev gyw³hy×-cieZ©x NUbvi wµqv-cÖwZwµqvg~jK Mí|
gyw³hy‡×i cÖZ¨¶ NUbv-cÖev‡ni eY©bvmg„× M‡íi msL¨v Aí| Bwjqv‡mi Mímg‡MÖ
ÔAcNvZÕ Ges Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ Mí`ywU gyw³hy‡×i NUbvewji cÖZ¨¶ Dc¯ vcbvq mg„×| ÔAcNvZÕ
MíwU †`vR‡Li Ig MÖ‰ fy³| G M‡í gyw³hy‡×i wekvjZv, ivR‣bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i we‡kølY,
cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wKsev Ab¨‡Kv‡bv M~p ZË¡K_v †bB Z‡e i‡q‡Q †jL‡Ki wcÖq welq Ôgvby‡lÕi
hy×Kvjxb mg‡qi bvbvgywL Ae¯ vi eY©bv| GLv‡b wZwb wb‡R‡K NUbvi Avov‡j †i‡L
hy×Kvjxb NUbv-eY©bvi †P‡q NUbvi cÖwZwµqv Ges cÖfve we‡køl‡Y g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q‡Qb|
180
ÔAcNvZÕ M‡í gyw³hy‡×i gvSvgvwS mg‡qi e¸ov †Rjvi wbKUeZ©x GK MÖv‡gi BDwbqb
cwil‡ì †Kivwb †gveviK Avwj I †Pqvig¨v‡bi gvbwmK wµqv-cÖwZwµqv Dc¯ vwcZ| ZvQvov
hy×iZ gyw³‡hv×v‡ì g„Zzï gnË¡ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| †gveviK Avwji `yB cyÎ I `yB Kb¨vi
msmvi| †g‡q `y‡UvB weevwnZ, †Qv‡Uv †Q‡j MÖv‡gi ¯‥z‡ji K¬vm †dv‡ii QvÎ| eo †Q‡j eyjy
¯‥zj dvBbvj cvk K‡i e¸ovq K‡j‡R fwZ© nq, BZëm‡i †`‡k gyw³hy× ïi  n‡j †m hy‡×
hvq| hy× ïi i cÖvq Pvigvm c‡i †gveviK Avwj eyjyi gyw³hy‡× knx` nIqvi K_v Rvb‡Z
cv‡i|
wK‰‧ eyjyi g„Zz¨msev` †gveviK Avwj‡K †Mvcb ivL‡Z nq KviY evwo †_‡K gvÎ
AvovBk-wZbk MR `~‡i nvB¯‥z‡ji `vjv‡b †mbvevwnbxi K¨v¤ú| †Kv‡bvµ‡g Zviv gyw³‡hv×v
eyjyi g„Zzï K_v AewnZ n‡j MÖvg QviLvi K‡i †`‡e| G Kvi‡Y †gveviK Avwj Zvi ¯¿x I
†Pqvig¨vb Qvov eyjyi g„Zz¨msev` KvD‡K Rvbvq bv| cÖ_‡g †Pqvig¨vb eyjyi hy‡× AskMÖnY
cQ‱` K‡iwb| eis cvwK¯‭vwb †mbvevwnbxi mv‡_ fv‡jv m¤úK© eRvq †i‡L‡Q| †Pqvig¨vb-cyÎ
kvRvnvb eyjyi eÜz| Amy¯  kvRvnvb fv‡jv QvÎ, XvKvq c‡o| gyw³hy× ïi  n‡j eyjy Zv‡KI
hy‡× †h‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i| wK‰‧ B‪Qvm‡Ë¡I kvRvnvb wcZvi we‡ivwaZvq hy‡× †h‡Z cv‡i bv|
G wb‡q †Pqvig¨vb †gveviK Avwj‡K Awf‡hvM K‡i,
Ô†gveviK wgqv, eyjy GB †Mvjgv‡ji g‡a¨ hv‡‪Q, Avc‡b kvmb Kwi‡‪Qb bv? Avevi
kvRvnvbK Lvwj Lvwj †PZv‡‪Q, kvRvnvb ¯‥jvi QvÎ, Ai wK BMjvb Kiv gvbvq, Kb?Õ
... ... ÔwK cvMjvwg ïi  Kwi‡Q, Kb †Zv! P¨vsovc¨vsovi gv_vi g‡a¨ †cvKv XywK‡Q!
Mv`ve‱`yK Avi `vI Kzovj-L‰‭v wjqv wgwjUvwii mv‡_ hy× Kiwe, Güv?Õ (ÔAcNvZÕ,
†`vR‡Li Ig, cÖZxK cÖKvkbv ms¯ v, XvKv, 1989, c„:65)
†Pqvig¨v‡bi Ggb e³‡e¨ †kvKMÖ¯‭ I kw¼Z †gveviK Avwj cÖfvweZ n‡q‡Q, ¯¿x‡K ch©‰‭
Kuv`‡Z †`qwb| gyw³hy× I gyw³evwnbx m¤ú‡K© Zvi aviYvI wQj ¯ ~j|
eyjyUv e‡Çv †ewk †e‡o wM‡qwQj| gyw³evwnbx K‡i †Zviv KiwjUv wK? wgwjUvwi G‡m
MÖvg‡K MÖvg DRvo K‡i w`‡‪Q, giv Qvov †Zviv Avi wK evjUv wQuo‡Z cvwim? (H,
c„:59-60)
wK‰‧ kvRvnv‡bi g„Z‡`n Kei¯ v‡b †bIqvi mgq Zviv †mbvevwnbxi cÖej evavi m¤§yLxb nq|
•mwbK‡ì mv‡_ fv‡jv m¤úK© †i‡L Ges gyw³evwnbxi cÖwZ ZxeªZi AeÁvi evYx e¨³ K‡iI
†Pqvig¨vb Zvi cyÎ kvRvnv‡bi jvk K¨v‡¤úi m¤§yL w`‡q †Mvi¯ v‡b †bqvi AbygwZ cvqwb eis
Zv‡K evwoi †cQ‡bi R½j I RjKv`vc~Y© †¶‡Zi Avjc_ eënvi Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov
hy×Kvjxb Aw¯ iZvq Amy¯  kvRvnvb cÖvq webv-wPwKrmvq gyw³‡hv×v-eÜz eyjyi bvg ej‡Z ej‡Z
g„ZzëiY K‡i| kvRvnv‡bi g„Zz¨-cieZ©xKv‡j †mbvevwnbxi m„ó NUbvq mvaviY wbi¶i
MÖvgevmx kw¼Z n‡jI knx` gyw³‡hv×vi wcZv †gveviK Avwji Dcjwäi iƒcv‰‭i N‡U|
MÖvgevmx‡ì `yÕGKRb Qvov cÖv‡Yi f‡q I gyw³evwnbxi cÖwZ Awek¦vm †nZz †KD hy‡×i c‡¶
gyL †Lv‡jwb| eis MÖv‡gi wbi¶i Pvlviv •mwbK‡ì ¸‡jv‡Z g„ZzëiY Kiv‡K ÔAcNvZÕ e‡j
g‡b K‡iwQj| wK‰‧ kvRvnv‡bi g„Zzï ci †gveviK Avwji †ev‡av`q nq| †gveviK Avwji
g‡Zv Zvi ¯¿xI cÖ_g w`‡K †Q‡ji AcNv‡Z g„Zz¨ mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| eis †f‡e‡Q kvRvnv‡bi
evev-gv fvMëvb, Zviv m‰‭v‡bi †mevïkÖƒlv Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q, g„Zzï ci A‰‭Z m‰‭v‡bi Kei
w`‡Z cvi‡e| †jL‡Ki fvlvq gv‡qi †mB AvnvRvwii eY©bv wbg′iƒc :
181
Ô... †Pqvig¨v‡bi e¨vUv, Güv, ZuvB gi‡jv gv‡qi mvg‡b, ev‡ci mvg‡b! gvI †Zv Zvi
e¨vUvK Rvb fi¨v †`L¨v wjevi cvij! Avi nvgvi eyjy †Kv‡U Kvi ¸‡jv Lvqv gyL
_yeo¨v co¨v g‡jv †Mv, e¨vUvi gyL‡Kvbv nvwg GKevi †`LeviI cvijvg bv †Mv! nvgvi
eyjyi Dc‡i MRe c‡o wKmK †Mv? eyjy AcNvZZ g‡i wKmK †Mv?Õ (H, c„:61)
eyjyi gv‡qi GB AvnvRvwi I wejvcgq cÖk′I Ki‡Z nq wbg′¯^‡i, cvwK¯‭vwb †mbvevwnbxi
f‡q| kvRvnv‡bi ¯^vfvweK g„Zz¨cieZ©x wµqvq †fvMvw‰‭ †`‡L †gveviK Avwj mvnm mÂq K‡i
Ges gvbwmKfv‡e gyw³hy‡×i •mwbK n‡q I‡V| †m dzwj‡q-duvwc‡q MÖv‡gi mevB‡K †W‡K
†W‡K eyjyi ex‡ivwPZ g„Zz¨Kvwnbx eY©bv K‡i hv eyjyi GK mn‡hv×vi Kv‡Q †m ï‡bwQj|
†gveviK Pwi‡Îi GB iƒcv‰‭i I mvnm mÂ‡qi c~e©vci eY©bv MíwU‡K bZzb gvÎv `vb K‡i‡Q|
ÔAcNvZÕ MíwUi we¯‭vi gyw³hy‡×i Kvj n‡jI ïaygvÎ gyw³hy×, gvby‡li Z¨vM,
†mbvevwnbxi AZ¨vPvi, hy×Kvjxb msNl©, kiYv_©x‡ì AmnvqZ¡ cÖf„wZ bvbvwea wel‡qi weeiY
bv-w`‡q GKwUgvÎ NUbv Ges Gi wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †jLK| G Kvi‡Y knx`
nevi NUbvq cÖfvweZ nIqv †gveviK Avwji cwieZ©b, Ges Zvi mvnmx n‡q-IVv G M‡í
wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q| ïay ZvB bq, GB mvnm I Dcjwäi cwieZ©‡bi d‡j Mív‡‰‭ †`Lv hvq, Zvi
†`wi‡Z evwo †divq DwØM′ ¯¿xi cÖwZ †m wei³| KviY, Ôhvi †Q‡j gviv †M‡Q gvm `y‡qKI
nqwb, †mB gv Ab¨ Kvi‡Y DZjv nq wKfv‡e? mÜ¨vi ci †Q‡ji Rb¨ nvg‡j †Ku‡` gv hw`
mviv MÖvg gv_vq bv Zzjj †Zv eyjy GiKg giv gi‡Z †M‡Q †Kvb `yt‡L?Õ (H, c„:85) cy‡Îi
ex‡ivwPZ g„Zz¨, g„Zz¨kh¨vq eyjyi cÖwZ kvRvnv‡bi AvKzwZ I hy‡× hvIqvi AvMÖn, g„Zzï ci Zvi
g„Z‡`n wb‡q †fvMvw‰‭ Ges PZzw`©‡K †mbvevwnbxi AZ¨vPv‡i MÖv‡gi ci MÖv‡gi DRvo nIqv
cÖf„wZ NUbv †gveviK Avwj‡K e`‡j †`q| GgbwK, †Pqvig¨vbI m‰‭vb‡kv‡K †gveviK Avwji
gvbwmK mvwb′‡a¨ Av‡m| Zv‡ì cvi¯úwiK K‡_vcK_b wcZ…ü`‡qi AvKzwZ cÖKvkK|
G M‡íi mgqKvj gyw³hy‡×i cÖvq †kl w`‡Ki| †jLK mivmwi mgq bv-Rvbv‡jI
Bw½‡Z eywS‡q †`b mgqUv el©vKv‡ji †k‡l cÖvq †m‡Þ¤î gvm| gv‡P©i †k‡l eyjy hy‡× P‡j
hvIqvi Pvigvm c‡i †gveviK Avwj cy‡Îi g„Zz¨msev` cvq| ZviI †ògvm c‡i kvRvnv‡bi
g„Z¨z N‡U| A_©vr †m‡Þ¤^‡ii w`‡K †gveviK Avwji gvbwmK cwieZ©b N‡U| ZvQvov
kvRvnv‡bi g„Zzï Le‡i hLb eyjyi gv GKUvbv Kuv`wQj †gveviK Avwji g‡b n‡qwQj Zv e„wói
evRbv| ÔAcNvZÕ-G hy×Kvjxb cvwK¯‭vwb evwnbxi ZvÊ‡ei K_vI msw¶ß wK‰‧ D¾¡jfv‡e
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| †gveviK Avwji AvZ¥fvebvi gva¨‡g †jLK Zv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb :
AvwgbywÏb miKv‡ii fvB‡cv ZeviK, jvwVWvOvi Avqbyj, c`ygkn‡ii nv‡kg gÊj,
nvB¯‥z‡ji A¼ m¨vi b~i †gvnv¤§` G‡ì gviv n‡q‡Q jvB‡b ùvo Kwi‡q, ¯‥zj `vjv‡bi
†cQ‡b, †Qv‡Uv K¬v‡mi †Q‡jiv †hLv‡b `vwoqvevÜv, †MvjøvQyU, nv Wy Wy †Lj‡Zv †mLv‡b
G‡ì cyu‡Z ivLv n‡q‡Q| we‡ji av‡i jvk, euvkSv‡o jvk, ¯‥z‡ji †cQ‡b jvk,
ZvB‡Zv GKUv gvm h‡Zv¸‡jv gvbyl coj me KUv ¸‡jv †L‡q g‡i‡Q| me″vB! ZvB
†Zv! mK‡ji AcNv‡Z g„Zz¨! (H, c„:62)
ZvQvov cvwK¯‭vwb †mbvevwnbxi f‡q MÖv‡gi †mvgË †g‡q‡ì wbivc` ¯ v‡b cvwV‡q †Ìqv
n‡q‡Q Zv-I †gveviK Avwji fvebv †_‡K Rvbv hvq| GQvov m‡‱`nfvRb‡ì ¸‡jv K‡i nZ¨v
Kiv, MÖvg R¡vwj‡q †Ìqv, ¯‥z‡ji cÖavbwk¶‡Ki K‡¶ UP©vi †mj evbv‡bv cÖf„wZ Le‡ii
cvkvcvwk gyw³‡hv×v‡ì cvwK¯‭vwb evwnbx LZ‡gi msevÌ cwi‡ekb K‡ib Bwjqvm| Z‡e
•mwbK‡ì PwiÎ Ges Zv‡ì cÖwZ wbw¶ß †µva meB Bwjqvm cÖKvk K‡ib
182
wgwjUvwi K‡jivi g‡Zv Av‡m, g¨v‡jwiqvi g‡Zv Av‡m| †h MÖv‡g GKevi nvZ †`q Zvi Avi
†Kvb wPý iv‡L bv| (H, c„:60)
wgwjUvwi m¤^‡Ü †m ev‡Âvr, †eRb¥v, †ek¨vi cq`v, RvDiv, nvivwgi ev‪Pv I nvivg‡Lvi GBme
we‡klY cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j ARy bó n‡Z cv‡i †R‡bI Bgvg mv‡qe jvj‡P Kv‡jv avb‡L‡Zi w`‡K
ZvwK‡q †kl ch©‰‭ Zvi K_v †kv‡b| (H, c„:85)
Avjøv ciIqviw`Mvi, Zzwg `¨v‡Lv gymjgv‡bi gy`v© i mv‡_ Giv wKiKg bvdigvwb K‡i,
gymjgv‡bi gy`©vi `vdb w`‡ZI Giv evav †`q, Avjøv, Giv Kv‡d‡iiI Aag, Rv‡bvqvi, me
nvqIqvb! (H, c„:80)
‡gveviK Avwj I Bgvg mv‡n‡ei fvebv I e³e¨ †_‡K 1971 mv‡ji cvwK¯‭vwb †mbvevwnbxi
ee©iZvi Kvwnbx cÖKvk cvq|
G M‡í Dcfvlv eënv‡i Bwjqv‡mi cUzZ¡ j¶Yxq| e¸ov AÂ‡ji K_¨ fvlv cÖvYe‰‭fv‡e
Dc¯ vwcZ n‡q‡Q| mvnmx wbi¶i wK‰‧ cvwK¯‭vwb-•mb¨-we‡ivax I gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶i PwiÎ
Kv‡e‡Ri Dw³‡Z AvÂwjK fvlvi h_v_©Zv j¶Yxq
Ôe‱`yK wK K‡‪Pb †Mv, gvb‡li nv‡Z cvw‱U †`L‡j kvjviv e‡j †Mvqvi Kvco Zzj¨v
†Kv‡U †`․o gviwe Zvi w`kv cvq bv, KwoZjvZ †M‡j `¨vLv †Mjwb, †mwU e‡j `y‡ai
†Qv‡jiv GB RvDiv¸jvK Lvg Ki¨v w`‡jvÕ
(H, c„:80)
GiKg A‡bK msjvc Ges msjv‡c eëüZ fvlvi mv_©K cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb AvLZvi ¾vgvb
Bwjqvm| ïay fvlv wbg©v‡Y bq, G M‡í wZwb Avðh©iKg wbwj©ß‭ †hb mKj NUbvi †K․Z‚njx
A_P wbivm³ bxie `k©K gvÎ| ZvQvov gyw³hy‡×i g‡Zv ¸i Z¡c~Y© welq eY©bv‡ZI Zuvi
¯^fvemyjf wnDgv‡ii h_vh_ cÖ‡qvM N‡U‡Q| †hgb,
Zvi fq nq †h jywO‡Z cÖmªv‡ei †duvUv co‡Q| GKUz evB‡i †M‡j nZ| wK‰‧ GI Zvi
Rvbv Av‡Q †h evwoi †cQ‡b †f‡iÊv †Sv‡c em‡j ¸‡Y ¸‡Y 8 †duvUvI co‡e wK-bv
m‡‱`n| (H, c„:58)
Ab¨Î †mbvevwnbxi wb‡lavÁvi Kvi‡Y kvRvnv‡bi jvk Nyic‡_ we‡ji RjKv`v I Av‡ji Dci
w`‡q wb‡q hvevi mgq Avwjg AvL‡‱ì Dc‡`kevYx‡ZI iwmKZvi Avfvm j¶¨‡hvM¨ :
Ômv‡evavb, Lye mv‡evavb! †`L¨vïb¨v K`g dvjvI| Kv`vi g‡a¨ co‡j wec` nwe!Õ
mevB‡K mveavb Kivi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b gM′ n‡q †jvKUv wb‡Ri evZ-Pzw¤^Z PiYhyM‡ji
cÖwZ Ae‡njv K‡i| K‡qK MR gvÎ Pjvi ci 7g wK 8g mveavb evYx m¤ú~Y© wbtm„Z
nevi Av‡MB Zvi †gvUv‡mvUv Wvb cv Avj †_‡K c‡o hvq wb‡P| (H, c„:77-78)
GB e¨½vZ¥K eY©bv wKsev iwmKZv M‡íi welqmsnwZ‡K jNy Ki‡Z cviZ wK‰‧ MíKv‡ii
wbLyuZ I mwe¯‭vi NUbv-eY©bvi `¶Zv I †K․kj MíwU‡K we‡kl ¯ vb jv‡f mnvqZv K‡i‡Q|
ÔwecixZgyLx PwiÎ¸‡jvi UzK‡iv UzK‡iv msjvc I Zvr¶wYK Abyf~wZ¸‡jvi eY©bvi ga¨ w`‡q
†jLK Õ71-Gi †mB i³¶qx mgqwU‡KB mRxe K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| GKwU i ×k¦vm cwi‡e‡kI
†mw`b mgMÖ RvwZmËvi g‡a¨ †h AZzj¨ Z¨vM-¯ú„nv I mvnm mÂvwiZ n‡Z †c‡iwQj GB
MíwU‡Z gyL¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q ZviB †M․ieMv_v|Õ2 ÔAcNvZÕ M‡íi †M․ieMv_v g„Zz¨, knx`x g„Zz¨|
Ôg„Zz¨ KZ kw³kvjx, A_©gq Ges M‡e©i welq n‡Z cv‡iÕ3 Zv M‡íi †gveviK Avwji Pwi‡Îi
ga¨ w`‡q ¯úó n‡q D‡V‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶, fq‡K Rq Kievi mvnm AR©‡bi gva¨‡g Bwjqvm
183
gyw³hy× I Zv‡Z AskMÖnYKvix gvby‡li mvgwMÖK Kj¨vYKi gh©v`vi Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb| †gvevi‡Ki
bZzb †PZbv jv‡fi Bw½‡Z MíKvi Avgv‡ì mvg‡b gyw³hy‡×i gnvb †PZbvi D ¢vmb
NwU‡q‡Qb|
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwU A‰‭f©³y n‡q‡Q Rvj ¯^cœ, ¯^‡cœi Rvj MÖ‡‰ | G MÖ‡‰ i me©‡kl Mí
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ| MíwU gnvb gyw³hy× Z_v evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×i mgKvj‡K aviY K‡i‡Q
A_©vr GwU gyw³hy‡×i cÖZ¨¶ cÖfvemÄvZ Mí| G M‡íi NUbv, Kvwnbx, PwiÎmg~‡ni weKvk
gyw³hy‡×i Kvj‡K †K‱`ª K‡i AvewZ©Z| D‡jøL¨, Bwjqv‡mi A‡bK M‡í gyw³hy× welqiƒ‡c
mwb′‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| wZwb gyw³hy×Kvjxb NUbv, hy×-cieZ©xKv‡j e¨w³i ¶q-nZvkv-fv½b I
A•bwZK AvPiY cÖf„wZ `¶Zvi mv‡_ Dc¯ vwcZ K‡i‡Qb| wK‰‧ Ô†iBb‡Kv‡UÕ c~‡e©i M‡íi
†_‡K wfb′Zi welq A‰‭f©³ y | Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ enb K‡i‡Q gyw³hy‡×i gnvb NUbvewj I GK fxZz
Pwi‡Îi µgk gvbwmKfv‡e mvnmx gyw³‡hv×vi Pwi‡Î Db′xZ nIqvi AvL¨vb hv Bwjqv‡mi
m`_©K gvbwmKZvi cÖKvkK|
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi Kvwnbx AZ¨‰‭ †QvU, mv`vgvUv Z‡e Gi web¨vm I eY©bvf½x †ek
AvKl©K| ZrKvjxb cÖv‡`wkK ivRavbx XvKvi GKwU K‡j‡Ri imvq‡bi cÖfvlK byi j û`v
k¨vjK wg‱Uzi gyw³evwnbx‡Z †hvM †`qvi Z_¨ †Mvcb ivL‡Z Pvievi evwo e`jvq| K‡jR I
AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb †_‡K A‡bK `~‡i byi j û`v emevm Ki‡jI GK e„wó‡fRv mKv‡j K‡j‡Ri
wcqb BmnvK Zvi evwo‡Z G‡m wcÖwÝcv‡ji Zj‡ei K_v Rvwb‡q hvq| KviY K‡j‡Ri
wRg‡bwkqv‡g ¯ vwcZ wgwjUvwi K¨v‡¤úi cv‡k wcÖwÝcv‡ji evwoi †M‡U †evgv †d‡j‡Q
gyw³‡hv×viv; G‡ì GKRb aiv c‡o gyw³‡hv×v‡ì mv‡_ byi j û`vi m¤ú„w³i K_v
Rvwb‡q‡Q| wcÖwÝcv‡ji K¶ †_‡K †mbvevwnbx byi j û`v‡K †PvL eÜ K‡i UP©vi †m‡j wb‡q
hvq Ges ¯^xKv‡ivw³ †bqvi †Póv Ki‡j †m µgk mvnmx n‡Z _v‡K| gyw³‡hv×v k¨vjK wg‱Uzi
†iBb‡KvU Mv‡q Pvwc‡q †m K‡jR ch©‰‭ G‡mwQj, wg‱Uzi GB †iBb‡KvUB Zv‡K mvnmx K‡i
†Zv‡j, †m gyw³‡hv×v‡ì mv‡_ m¤ú„³ bv-_vK‡jI †iBb‡Kv‡Ui cÖfv‡e µgk gvbwmKfv‡e
Mwe©Z gyw³‡hv×vq cwiYZ nq|
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ GKRb gyw³‡hv×vi eëüZ †iBb‡KvU cwiavb K‡i GK fxZz, `ye©j
K‡jRwk¶‡Ki µgk mvnmx n‡q-IVvi AvL¨vb| MíwU cÖvq GK‣iwLK| GKwUgvÎ Pwi‡Îi
DÌv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Gi weKvk N‡U‡Q, Z‡e Zvi g‡a¨B hy×Kvjxb bvbv wel‡qi cÖwZ `„KcvZ
K‡i‡Qb †jLK| cÖ_‡g byi j û`v Pwi‡Îi `ye©jZv wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| k¨vj‡Ki gyw³hy‡× Mg‡bi
welqwU †Mvcb ivL‡Z †m Pvievi evwo e`jvq, †Q‡j‡g‡q‡ì mveav‡b K_v ej‡Z e‡j,
¯¿x‡KI mveavbx n‡Z e‡j| GgbwK K‡j‡R wgwjUvwii Dcw¯ wZ‡Z wcÖwÝc¨vj Zv‡K †W‡K
cvwV‡q‡Q Rvb‡Z †c‡i †m g„Zz¨wP‰‭vq KvZi nq Ges KíbvcÖeY g‡b fve‡Z _v‡K,
dvqvwis †¯‥vqv‡W hw` ùvo Kwi‡qB †`q †Zv K‡b©j mv‡n‡ei nv‡Z cv‡q a‡i wVK
Kcv‡j ¸‡jv Kivi ûKzg Rvwi Kiv‡bv hvq bv? wcÖwÝc¨vj wK Zvi R‡b¨ K‡Y©‡ji Kv‡Q
GB Z`&weiUzKz Ki‡e bv? (Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ, Rvj ¯^cœ, ¯^‡cœi Rvj, Abyózc cÖKvkbx,
KjKvZv, 1997, c„:77)
A_P hLb cÖK…Z A‡_©B †mbvevwnbx Zv‡K a‡i wb‡q hvq, Z_¨ D×v‡ii Rb¨ bvbvfv‡e
AZ¨vPvi K‡i ZLb †m wbwe©Kvi| B‡Zvg‡a¨B, †mbvevwnbxi mieivnK…Z Z‡_¨ †m †R‡b‡Q,
Zvi K‡j‡Ri Rb¨ µxZ `kwU Avjgvwi †h¸‡jvi gvb cix¶vi `vwqZ¡ wQj byi j û`vi;
†m¸‡jvi evnK Kzwj‡ì g‡a¨ gyw³‡hv×v jywK‡q wQj| G‡ì GKRb aiv c‡o byi j û`vi
184
bvg e‡j‡Q Ges Zvi mv‡_ gyw³‡hv×v‡ì wbqwgZ †hvMv‡hvM i‡q‡Q e‡j Rvwb‡q‡Q| G‡Z
byi j û`v wew¯§Z nq Ges gyw³‡hv×viv Zv‡K †P‡b I Zvi Ici Av¯ v iv‡L Ggb Dcjwä K‡i
Drdzjø n‡q D‪P¯^‡i ej‡Z _v‡K, ÔAvgvi bvg? mwZ¨ e‡j‡Q? Avgvi bvg e‡j‡Q?Õ (H,
c„:87)| GB †M․ievw‰^Z we¯§qwgwkªZ cÖwZwµqvq †mbvevwnbxi evievi cÖk′ I †eÎvNv‡Zi
m¤§yLxb n‡q byi j û`v µgk mvnmx n‡q I‡V Ges Zvi mv‡_ gyw³‡hv×v‡ì †hvMv‡hvM Av‡Q
e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡i| G‡Z wgwjUvwiiv ivMvw‰^Z n‡q Zv‡K Av‡iv K‡Vvi kvw¯‭ w`‡Z _v‡K|
†jL‡Ki eY©bvq AgvbweK †m kvw¯‭i aib cÖKvwkZ :
Zvi †eu‡ULv‡Uv kixiUv‡K Szwj‡q †Ìqv nj Qv‡`-jvMv‡bv GKUv AvsUvi m‡½| Zvi
cvQvq Pvey‡Ki evwo c‡o mcvr mcvr K‡i| Z‡e evwo¸‡jv weiwZnxb co‡Z _vKvq
wKQy¶‡Yi g‡a¨ †m¸‡jv byi j û`vi Kv‡Q g‡b nq †mªd DrcvZ e‡j| (H, c„ : 87)
GB AgvbweK kvw¯‭‡K DrcvZ †eva nIqvi †cQ‡b wµqvkxj wg‱Uzi †iBb‡KvU| gyw³‡hv×vi
†iBb‡KvU Mv‡q w`‡q evwo †_‡K K‡j‡R hvevi c‡_B g~jZ byi j û`vi cwieZ©b NU‡Z ïi 
K‡i| hvÎx‡ì Zjøvkxi R‡b¨ ev‡m •mb¨ DV‡j †iBb‡KvU cwiwnZ byi j û`vi Ô†fuvZv wK‰‧
Mig †Pv‡Li PvDwbÕ‡Z Zviv fxZ nq| †m Kvi‡Y c‡i •mwb‡Kiv †iBb‡KvU Ly‡j wb‡jI Zvi
Ig byi j û`vi Abyf~Z nq| †m gvbwmKfv‡e gyw³‡hv×v nevi †M․ie †eva K‡i Ges †`‡ki
Rb¨ cÖvY Drm‡M© cÖ¯‧Z nq| d‡j wbh©vZ‡bi KkvNvZ Zv‡K ¯úk© K‡i bv| †hgb,
e„wói g‡Zv Pvey‡Ki evwo c‡o Zvi †iBb‡Kv‡Ui g‡Zv Pvgovq Avi †m Aweivg e‡jB
P‡j, wgmwµ‡q‱U‡ì wVKvbv Zvi Rvbv Av‡Q| ïay Zvi kvjvi bq, Zvi wVKvbv Rvbvi
g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv evnv`ywi bvB, †m QÙ‡ekx Kzwj‡ì Av¯‭vbvI †P‡b| ZvivI Zv‡K †P‡b
Ges Zvi Ici Zv‡ì Av¯ vI Kg bq| Zv‡ì m‡½ Zvi AuvZv‡Zi Awf‡hvM I
Zv‡ì m‡½ Zvi AuvZvZ ivLvi D‡ËRbvq byi j û`vi Szj‰‭ kixi GZUvB Kuv‡c †h
Pvey‡Ki evwoi w`‡K Zvi Avi g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqv n‡q I‡V bv| (H, c„:88)
gyw³‡hv×vi †iBb‡Kv‡Ui ms¯ú‡k© byi j û`vi Ggb iƒcv‰‭i I gyw³‡hv×vi gvbwmKZv AR©‡b
Zv‡K knx` gyw³‡hv×v wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv hvq|
byi j û`vi µgweeZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡í †jLK AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm
¯^í cwim‡i gyw³hy×Kvjxb cvwK¯‭vwb †mbvevwnbxi a″sm-hÁ, AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZb,
gyw³‡hv×v‡ì cvëv A¨vKkb, gvby‡li PwiÎ cwieZ©‡b gb¯‭vwË¡K wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi bvbvw`K
A¼b K‡i‡Qb| byi j û`vi fvebvi ga¨ w`‡q †jLK †mbvevwnbxi AZ¨vPvi-wbh©vZ‡bi wPÎ
ÁvZ Kivb :
... wgwjUvwi cÖ‡Z¨Kw`b GB XvKv kn‡iB evRvi †cvovq, ew¯‭‡Z Av¸b jvwM‡q
UcvUc gvbyl gv‡i, †g‡q‡ì a‡i wb‡q hvq, (H, c„ : 80)
Avevi gyw³hy‡×i we‡ivax kw³ †`kxq ivRvKvi‡ì jyUcv‡Ui wPÎI Bwjqvm e¨½vZ¥K X‡O
wPwÎZ K‡i‡Qb :
wb‡Pi d¬¨v‡U _v‡K GK I‡qj&wWs IqvK©k‡ci gvwjK, Zvi k¦ïi wbðqB m`©vi †Mv‡Qi
ivRvKvi| mßv‡n `yBw`b wZbw`b †g‡qi evwo‡Z †iwd«Rv‡iUi, †Uc †iKW©vi, `vwg
`vwg †mvdv‡mU, d¨vb, LvUcvjs me Pvjvb cvVvq| GKw`b GgbwK wn‱`y‡ì †Kvb
†èZvi g~wZ© G‡mwQj, †mvbvi wKbv †K Rv‡b| UªvK UªvK gvj Av‡m, Avevi P‡jI
hvq| ivRvKvi Gme cvq †Kv_vq? (H, c„ : 79)
185
¯^íK_vq msL¨vjNy wn‱`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi Nievwo-A_©-m¤ú` jyUcv‡Ui wPÎI cwiùzU| ZvQvov
Ô†`‡k GKUv K‡j‡R kwn` wgbvi Avi A¶Z bvBÕ GB ¶z`ª fv‡l¨ evOvwji gyw³ AvKv‫¶‫‬vi
cÖZxK Ôknx` wgbv‡iÕi hy×Kvjxb Ae¯ v m¤ú‡K© gg©vw‰‭K Z_¨ cwi‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶
Av`k©nxb A‰‭tmvik~b¨ cvwK¯‭vwb •mbïv evOvwji m¤cÖxwZ I evOvwj †PZbvi cÖZxK knx`
wgbvi‡K fq †cZ| †m Kvi‡YB hy‡×i my‡hv‡M Zviv evOvwji msnwZi cÖZxK †`‡ki mKj
knx` wgbvi‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c a″sm K‡i|
G M‡í D`y© wgwkªZ evsjv, D`y© I cyivb XvKvi Dcfvlvi eënvi j¶Yxq| gyw³hy‡×i
mgq D`y©fvlx cvwK¯‭vwb •mb¨‡ì Lywk ivL‡Z A‡bK evOvwjB D`y© Revb wk‡L Zv PP©v KiZ|
M‡í D‡jøwLZ wcÖwÝc¨vj, Aa¨vcK AvKei mvwR` I wcqb BmnvK Gi DrK…ó D`vniY| †hgb
wcÖwÝcv‡ji fvl¨ :
ÔBmvK wgqv, †`k‡g eûZ gywmeZ †nv inv n¨vq| cÖ‡dmi †jvK Av`wg‡Kv ûuwkqvi _vK‡Z
ewj‡q| ¸Re †evjbv gvbv Ki w`‡R‡q| Avwf wgwjUvwi mvnve‡Kv g`` Kibv GLb diR
Kvg n¨vq|Õ (H, c„ : 77)
cÖ‡dmi AvKei mvwR‡ì fvl¨ :
¸Re †Rv _v Iwn me AvR MRe †nv PzKv nüvq|
Avwg© †K Avigvb cy‡i †nv PzKv nüvq|
Avjøv GK, imyj GK, cvwK¯‭vb wf GK,
B‡m wRm‡Kv Cgvb †bwn DI bvjv‡qK|
KzPj †`v Dm MvÏvi‡Kv Ruvnv wf wg‡j,
cvwK¯‭vwb dIR Kwf wc‡Q bv wn‡j| (H, c„ : 82)
wcIb BmnvK wgqvi fvl¨ :

ÔwgmwKwiqvb †jvM B‡jKwUwi †Uivbmdvg©vi †Zvo w`qv| AIi Iqvcm hv‡b Kv UvBg
wcwibwmcvj mvnveKv †KvwV‡g †M‡ibW †dKv| †MU †Zvo wMqv|Õ (H, c„ : 76)
G M‡íi D`y© kãeûj msjv‡ci eënvi cvV‡Ki `„wó Kv‡o| cvwK¯‭vwb †mbvi msjv‡c D`y©
fvlv eënv‡ii hv_v_©¨ †m fvlv m¤ú‡K© †jL‡Ki `¶Zvi cwiPq enb K‡i| ZvQvov cyivb
XvKvi Dcfvlvi eënviI ¯^í nv‡i jw¶Z nq| M‡íi NUbv¯ j ÔXvKvÕ| †m Kvi‡Y
†`vKvb`vi, wcIb cÖg‡y Li gy‡L XvKvB Dcfvlvi eënvi h_vh_ n‡q‡Q| †hgb :
ÔKvj †kv‡bb bvB? wgicy‡ii wej w`qv `yB †b․Kv †evSvB KBiv AvBwQj| GKUv wRc
DovBqv w`‡Q, Kgc‡¶ cuvPUv Lvb‡mbv LZg| wewewm KB‡Q, iscyi w`bvRcy‡i nv‡di
†ewk RvqMv ¯^vaxb, Kvj PigcÎ ïb‡Qb?Õ (H, c„ : 83)
MíwU msjvccÖavb bq, G‡Z AvZ¥K_b cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm M‡íi cÖavb
PwiÎ Aa¨vcK byi j û`vi †PvL w`‡q MíwUi cÖwZwU NUbv cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib| byi j û`v ga¨weË
I gyw³‡hv×v| d‡j GKRb ga¨weËmyjf Uvbvc‡obMÖ¯‭ gvbwmKZvi gvby‡li Rxebfvebv
m‡e©vcwi gyw³hy‡×i mvwe©K fvebv cvV‡Ki mvg‡b D‡b¥vwPZ nq| Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ-G K_¨ M‡`ï
eënvi jw¶Z nq| †mB mv‡_ cwiwPZ cÖev`-cÖeP‡bi mv¶vr †g‡j| †hgb,
186
kwb‡Z mvZ g½‡j wZb, Avi me w`b w`b| (H, c„ : 76)
g½‡j †fviiv‡Z nB‡j ïi , wZb w`b †g‡Ni ¸i ¸i | (H)
ey‡ai mKv‡j bvgj Rj, weKv‡j †gN Kq Gevi Pj| (H)
g¨vb †cÖv‡cv‡Rm| (H)
euvk e‡b †Wvg Kvbv| (H, c„ : 83)
Gme cÖev`-cÖeP‡bi mvejxj I hyw³hy³ eënv‡i Bwjqv‡mi M`¨ cÖvYe‰‭ n‡q‡Q| mij A_P
`xN© evK¨ eënv‡ii cÖeYZv Bwjqv‡mi M‡`ï Av‡iKwU •ewkó¨| †hgb,
wgwjUvwii †PvL QyuP‡jv n‡q Av‡m Ges QyuP‡jv †Pv‡Li gwY KuvUvi g‡Zv weu‡a hvq Zvi gy‡L|
†m-I Zvi †Pv‡Li †fuvZv wK‰‧ Mig PvDwbUv‡K w¯ i K‡i Avj‡Mv‡Q wewQ‡q †`q wgwjUvwii
Lvov bv‡K, QyuP‡jv †Pv‡L, †Muv‡di wb‡P I bvK, †Muvd I †Pv‡Li Av‡kcv‡ki I wb‡Pi jvj‡P
Pvgovq| (H, c„:85)
evm GKUz †¯øv n‡j Zvi †iBb‡Kv‡Ui Rgv‡bv cvwb Mwo‡q co‡Z w`‡q Acivaxgy³
evm †_‡K bvg‡Z bvg‡Z mnhvÎx‡ì w`‡K ZvwK‡q †m †VuvU euvKvq, G‡Z Zvi mvg‡bi mvwii
ùvZI †Kwj‡q c‡o| (H, c„ : 86)
MíwU gyw³hy‡×i NUbvmg„× n‡jI gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb msNwUZ eûj cwiwPZ welqmg~n
G‡Z Abycw¯ Z| Gi welq wfb′Zi, bZzbZi GKRb fxi  gvbwmKZvm¤úb′ gvby‡li
gyw³‡hv×vi †iBb‡Kv‡Ui ms¯ú‡k© G‡m AvZ¥kw³i D‡b¥l NUvi I ch©vqµ‡g AvZ¥kw³‡Z
ejxqvb n‡q IVvi Kvwnbx wee„Z| d‡j wel‡qi bZzbZ¡ I cÖKiY †m․K‡h© Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ MíwUi
mvdj¨ Ab¯^xKvh©|
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi mv‡_ Bwjqv‡mi ÔAcNvZÕ M‡íi wel‡qi mv`„k¨ j¶Yxq| Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ I
ÔAcNv‡ZÕi KvjcwiPq gyw³hy× msNU‡bi mgq| Z‡e NUbvi ¯ vb h_vµ‡g kni I MÖvg|
ÔAcNv‡ZÕ fxZz wcZv †gveviK †nv‡mb gyw³‡hv×v cy‡Îi mvnmx g„Zz¨‡K cÖ_‡g †Mvcb Ki‡Z
PvB‡jI c‡i Zv exiZ¡Mv_vq cwiYZ K‡i| †gveviK µgvMZ †M․ievw‰^Z I mvnmx n‡q I‡V|
Acic‡¶ Ô†iBb‡Kv‡UÕi byi j û`vi k¨vjK wg‱Uz gyw³‡hv×v, †m knx` nqwb, ZviB eëüZ
†iBb‡KvU cwiav‡b byi j û`v µgk mvnmx gyw³‡hv×vq cwiYZ nq Ges Zvi cwiYwZ nq
fqven| G `ywU M‡í gyw³hy× I gyw³‡hv×v cikcv_‡ii KvR K‡i‡Q| †gveviK †nv‡mb I
byi j û`v Df‡qB µgk fxi  gvbyl †_‡K mvnmx gyw³‡hv×vq Db′xZ n‡q‡Q; hwÌ Zviv A¯¿
nv‡Z hy‡× hvqwb| A_©vr `y‡Uv M‡íB gyw³hy× m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li beZi †PZbvi D¾xeb‡K
cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi bvgKiYwU we‡kl Zvrch©c~Y©| GK gyw³‡hv×vi eëüZ †iBb‡KvU
GKRb fxi , cÖvq †gi `Ênxb gvby‡li †PZbvi cwieZ©b NUv‡Z m¶g| e„wó‡Z †iBb‡KvU
eënvi K‡i K‡j‡R Avmvi ci byi j û`v †mbvevwnbxi AZ¨vPv‡ii wkKvi nq| Zvi kix‡i
gyn~g©ûy Pvey‡Ki AvNvZ wb‡¶wcZ n‡j Zvi g‡b nq, Ôe„wó co‡Q wg‱Uzi †iBb‡Kv‡Ui DciÕ|
A_©vr gyw³‡hv×v‡ì †`ki¶vi g‡Zv †iBb‡KvU Zv‡K †kvl‡Ki AvNvZ †_‡K i¶v K‡i‡Q|
GLv‡b †iBb‡KvU gyw³‡hv×vi cÖZx‡K cwiYZ|
Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ M‡íi cÖavb w`K nj Gi GK‣iwLKZv I Kvi Kvh©gq eY©bv|
ivRvKvi‡ì jyUcvU, †mbvevwnbxi nZ¨vhÁ, •mb¨ †`‡L fxZ evmhvÎx‡ì Ae¯ v cÖf„wZ NUbvi
187
eY©bv Pv¶zl cÖZxqgvb nq| Gi d‡j Ô†iBb‡KvUÕ welq‣efe I cÖKiYMZ DrKl©Zvq Abb¨
n‡q D‡V‡Q|
gyw³hy‡×i NUbvi c‡iv¶ eY©bv msewjZ Mí Ges gyw³hy×-cieZ©x NUbvi wµqv-
cÖwZwµqvg~jK M‡í gyw³hy‡×i LÊ LÊ wPÎ Dc¯ vwcZ| †h mg‡q ùvwo‡q AZxZ NUbv wn‡m‡e
gyw³hy× †ivgw‰ Z nq Zv †gv‡UI myLcÖ` bq| †h ¯^c′-AvKv‫¶‫‬v wb‡q †`k‡K nvbv`vigy³
Ki‡Z cvwK¯‭vwb evwnbxi Ici Suvwc‡q c‡owQj G‡`‡ki gyw³Kvgx gyw³‡hv×viv Zv A‡bKUvB
Aaiv †_‡K †M‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y GK ai‡bi nZvkv-•biv‡kï QweB µgk wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q
Bwjqv‡mi M‡í| Dci‰‧ ivwóªK-cÖkvmwbK Aeë¯ v, A_©‣bwZK wek„‫‫‬Ljv, mvgvwRK
wbivcËvnxbZvi wecix‡Z GK †kªwYi gvby‡li AvOyj dz‡j KjvMvQ nIqv, A‣ea m¤úwË `Lj,
gv¯‭vwb, wQbZvB-ivnvRvwb cÖf„wZ NUbvi ev¯‭e I wek¦¯‭ kãiƒc Bwjqv‡mi Mí| Ab¨N‡i
Ab¨¯î MÖ‡‰ i ÔcÖwZ‡kvaÕ M‡íi Imgvb Pwi‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q m`¨-¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨weË
†kªwYi Kíbv-wejvmx gvbmcÖeYZv I gyw³hy‡×vËi Kv‡ji ivR‣bwZK-mvgvwRK Ae¯ vi wPÎ
wee„Z| M‡íi gyL¨ PwiÎ Imgvb| Ôgvby‡li kvwmZ ¯ú„nv I `wgZ msKíÕ Imgvb Pwi‡Î
cÖvqkB `„k¨gvb| ga¨we‡Ëi KíbvgvbmZv, wbõj Avùvjb, cÖwZ‡kva-cwiKíbv I cÖwZ‡kva
MÖn‡Y e¨_©Zv, Aw¯ iZv I †`v`yj¨gvb gvbwmKZv mgKvjxb hyemgv‡Ri g‡Zv Imgvb Pwi‡ÎI
`„k¨gvb| e„× I Amy¯  wcZv‡K †`L‡Z wM‡q fwM′cwZ nv‡kg‡K †`‡L Imgvb gvbwmKfv‡e
cÖwZ‡kva¯ú„n n‡q I‡V| KviY †gvUi A¨vw·‡W‡‱U †iv‡Kqvi g„Zzï Rb¨ Zvi ¯^vgx Aveyj
nv‡kg `vqx Ñ G-K_v g‡b K‡i mevB, Imgvb, †QvUfvB Avwbm, e„× wcZv Ave`yj MwY| wK‰‧
ev¯‭eZv wfb′Zi| cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡Yi msKí †_‡K Imgvb wcwQ‡q Av‡m KviY †m wØav-msk‡q
`xY©, fxi  m‡e©vcwi wbtm½ I g‡bv‣eK‡jï wkKvi| Acic‡¶ Avwbm, †h gyw³‡hv×v;
A_©‣bwZK ¯^v_©wmw×i j‡¶¨ fwM′cwZ nv‡k‡gi mnvqZvq †UÊvi †c‡Z Pvq| GB GKB Kvi‡Y
wcZv Ave`yj MwYI nv‡k‡gi cÖwZ weiƒc g‡bvfve †cvl‡Yi e`‡j m`q n‡q I‡V| G M‡í
Av‡cvlKvgx I g~j¨‡evawe‡ivax Pwi‡Îi mv¶vr †g‡j| Aveyj nv‡kg I Avwbm mivmwi
gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY bv-Ki‡jI gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j KjKvZvq cÖwZev` I †kvKmfvq wbqwgZ
AskMÖnY KiZ| Z‡e ¯^vaxbZvi ci nv‡kg gyw³‡hv×v cwiPq w`‡qB eëmv K‡i abvX¨
n‡q‡Q; AvwbmI †m c‡_i Abymvix| nv‡kg I Avwbm ¯^v_© mswkøó Kvi‡YB gyw³hy‡×vËi
evsjv‡`‡k gyw³‡hv×vi cwiP‡q †`k cybM©V‡bi Rb¨ eivÏK…Z A‡_© m¤ú`kvjx n‡qwQj|
D‡jøL¨ GB Dfq PwiÎ hy×PjvKv‡j †`kgvZ…Kvi gyw³ I †mevi bv‡g jvÂ-wWbv‡i ûBw¯‥-
wR‡bi ¯^v‡` AvcøyZ †_‡K‡Q| †jL‡Ki fvlvq :
... Aveyj nv‡k‡gi Kj¨v‡Y Avwbm KUv gvm cÖwZev` mfv I †kvK mfvq †hvM`vb
K‡i, GLv‡b ILv‡b jvÂ wWbvi †g‡i I jvwÃZv gvZ…f~wgi Rb¨ wb‡ew`Z AkÖ i m‡½
cvÂ Kiv ûBw¯‥ wR‡bi ¯^v‡` AvcøyZ n‡q †`‡k wdi‡jv weRqxi †e‡k| †MvjgvjUv
Avi gvm wZ‡bK Pj‡jB Aveyj nv‡k‡gi m‡½ †Kv‡bv †Wwj‡Mk‡bi †g¤î n‡q B÷
BD‡ivcUv w`we¨ Ny‡i Avmv †h‡Zv|4
ÔcÖwZ‡kvaÕ M‡íi cUf~wg 1971-Gi gyw³hy‡×i ci m`¨-¯^vaxb †`‡ki cybwb©gv© YKvj| wea″¯‭
A_©bxwZ, `ªe¨g~‡jï Ea″©MwZ, fM′ †hvMv‡hvM eë¯ v, jyUZivR, `Lj-Rei`Lj cÖf„wZ welq
G M‡í ms¯ vwcZ n‡q‡Q| GQvov ey‡R©vqv ivR‣bwZK myweav‡fvMx Pwi‡Îi gvbm A¼‡b †jLK
K…wZ‡Z¡i `vwe`vi| ÔAvgv‡ì ga¨we‡Ëi Rxebhvcb wKsev CwáZ Rxebhvcb Ges g~j¨‡eva
ci¯úiwe‡ivax| G‡ì Rxeb ZvB wbivj¤^, GB Rxe‡bi wfwË, web¨vm I Zvrch© Lyu‡R †ei
188
Kiv Lye KwVbÕ5| Gme Kvi‡YB m`¨-¯^vaxb †`‡k bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi Rxe‡b wU‡K _vKv Ges
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wjß nIqvi †h cÖeYZv †`Lv hvq Zv AwaKvsk mg‡qB Av‡cvlKvgx Ges
g~j¨‡evawe‡ivax|
ÔAb¨N‡i Ab¨¯îÕ MíwU‡Z GK msL¨vjNy cwievi‡K †K‱`ª K‡i gyw³hy×-cieZ©x
evsjv‡`‡ki hyem¤cÖ`v‡qi Ae¶‡qi wPÎ Aw¼Z n‡q‡Q| MíwU 1972-1975 mgqKv‡ji
m`¨-¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki NUbvq mg„×| G M‡í hy‡×vËi evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ I mgvR‡mevi
bv‡g DVwZ Zi Y‡ì Puv`vevwR-gv¯‭vwb Ges msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`v‡qi evwn¨K I gvbwmK Pvc-
ZvcB gyL¨Z wPwÎZ| wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z wef³ fviZ I cvwK¯‭v‡bi ag©xq msL¨vjNy
Awaevmx‡ì †`kZ¨v‡Mi avivevwnKZvq c~e©evsjvi wn‱`y cwievi¸‡jv ivóªxq wbivcËvi
AwbðqZvq fy‡M †`kZ¨vM Ki‡Z _v‡K| 1971-Gi gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j wn‱`yi †`kZ¨vM e¨vcK
AvKvi aviY K‡i| Z‡e cvwK¯‭vb Avgj I gyw³hy× PjvKv‡j wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nIqv m‡Ë¡I
†`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q msweav‡b Am¤cÖ`vwqK †PZbv ¯^xK…Z n‡j G mgm¨vi mgvavb
n‡e e‡j Zviv Avkv K‡iwQj| Kvh©Z ¯^vaxbZvi c‡iI ivRbxwZi bv‡g •bivR¨, A_©‣bwZK
Kg©KvÊ I †K․k‡j msL¨vjNy‡ì Dci wbh©vZb Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| hy‡×vËi Gme bvbvgyLx
mgm¨v-RwUjZv-nZvkv-•bivR¨ Dc¯ vwcZ n‡q‡Q ÔAb¨N‡i Ab¨¯îÕ M‡í|
†Luvqvwi MíMÖ‡‰ i Ô†LuvqvwiÕ MíwU‡Z gyw³hy‡×i NUbvcÖev‡ni cwiPq j¶ Kiv hvq hv
¯§„wZPvi‡Y wee„Z| G MÖ‡‰ i cÖ_g I bvgMí Ô†LuvqvwiÕ| G M‡í m`¨-¯^vaxb †`‡ki ag©xq
msL¨vjNy mgm¨v Ges wbq‰¿Ynxb Ac-ivRbxwZ, bxwZåó ivR‣bwZK-ms¯‥…wZ ewR©Z
hyem¤cÖ`v‡qi Kg©KvÊ GKB mij‣iwLK Ave‡n web¨¯‭ n‡q‡Q| ÔAb¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯îÕ M‡í
msL¨vjNyi †h mgm¨v cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q Ô†LuvqvwiÕ M‡íi mgm¨v wVK †Zgb bq, GKUz wfb′|
Mí `ywU ci¯úi Mfxi †hvMm~‡Î euvav| ÔAb¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯^‡iÕ Ô†LuvqvwiÕi Bw½Z †g‡j gvÎ,
A_©vr cÖ_g MíwU‡Z †h exR †ivwcZ, wØZxq M‡í ZviB gnxi ‡n cÖKvk| Ô†LuvqvwiÕ M‡íi
cÖavb PwiÎ Pwjøk eQi eqwm mgiwRr evev-KvKvi wekvj †h․_ cwievimn gyw³hy‡×i mgq
fvi‡Z Avkªq †bq| wK‰‧ ¯^vaxbZvi ci †Kej mgiwRr I Zvi e„× wcZv Ag„Zjvj †`‡k
wd‡i Av‡m Ges `xN© bÕgv‡m Zv‡ì cÖvmv‡`vcg evwoi fM′ve¯ v †`‡L wew¯§Z I ¶zä nq|
mgiwR‡Zi msjv‡c Zv‡ì kZel©x evwowUi `y`©kvi wPÎ Aby‡gq :
ÔALb Avi K¨vg‡b _v‡K? Hw`KUvq wPo ai‡Q GKUv| wewì‡Oi GKw`‡Ki BUvDUv LyBjv
nvjviv wKQy ivL‡Q? wewìO nvjvq KLb c‡o KLb c‡o!Õ (Ô†LuvqvwiÕ, †Luvqvwi, Zi½
cÖKvkb, ivRkvnx, 1982, c„:23)
Gme evKë‡Ü ïay G evwowU bq, `xN© bqgvm Ry‡o cvwK¯‭vwb †mbvevwnbx wKsev Zv‡ì
†`vmi‡ì evsjv‡`‡k a″smhÁ Pvjv‡bvi wPÎ ¯úó| Z‡e evwo‡Z wd‡i Zviv ¯^w¯‭i wbtk¦vm
†d‡j Ges ¯^vaxb †`‡k wbf©vebvq bZzb Rxebhvc‡bi ¯^c′ †`‡L| wK‰‧ mgiwR‡Zi eÜz
GK`j myweav‡fvMx hyeKg©xi cÖ¯‭v‡e Zv‡ì ¯^‡c′ wPo a‡i| Zvi evwo‡ZB GK g`¨cv‡bi
AvÇvq dvi K I Rvdi wb‡R‡ì gyw³‡hv×v cwiPq cÖ`vb K‡i cvwU© cybM©V‡bi bv‡g evwo
`Lj Ki‡Z Pvq| G m¤ú‡K© Rvd‡ii †K․kjx e³e¨ :
Avcbv‡ì evwo‡Z Awdm Ki‡Z cvi‡j KvMRx‡Uvjv, m~Îvcyi, evOjvevRvi, Iw`‡K
divkMÄ k¨vgevRvi †nvj GwiqvUv Kb‡Uªvj Kiv hv‡e| (H, c„:26)
cÖK…Zc‡¶, ivRbxwZi Avei‡Y hyeK‡ì msMVb Movi A‰‭iv‡j wn‱`y eÜzi evwo `LjB G‡ì
D‡Ïk¨| ZvQvov ¶gZvwjáy myweav‡fvMx me hye‡Kiv gyw³hy‡×i I †`‡kv×v‡i eywj KcwP‡q
189
kvmKgn‡ji †bZ…e„‡‱ì KvQ †_‡K myweav Av`vq K‡i| ïay ZvB bq, hy‡×vËiKv‡j Zviv †`k
cybM©V‡bi bv‡g jv¤úU¨ Pvjvq, †nv‡Uj B‱UviKw‱U‡b‱Uv‡j g`¨cv‡bi wejvwmZv K‡i| Ggwb
GKwU PwiÎ gvwbK| mgiwR‡Zi wcZv Ag„Zjvj‡K KÕRb gv¯‭vb cvwV‡q evwo fvov †Ìqvq
m¤§Z Kiv‡Z bv †c‡i, mgiwRZ‡K †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ Zvi eÜz dvi K I Rvdi‡K cvVvq| Zviv
bvbvfv‡e Zv‡K †evSv‡bvi †Póv K‡i; †K․k‡j agK †`q, fqI †`Lvq| dvi ‡Ki e³‡e¨
Zv‡ì G ai‡bi Pwi‡Îi cÖKvk j¶Yxq :
ÔAvgv‡ì †Zv Avi ivR‣bwZK msMVb bq, Avgv‡ì fq cvIqvi wK Av‡Q? Avgv‡ì
wcIi BD_ d«‱U, Avgiv gw‰¿Z¡ PvB bv, Ggb wK DB wiwdDR G mxU Bb `¨ cvj©v‡g‱U|
Avgiv ïay †`Le mve-fviwmf Gwj‡g‱Um wecø‡ei bvg K‡i wKsev Mf‡g‡‱Ui `ye©jZvi
my‡hvM wb‡q †`k‡K a″sm Ki‡Z bv cv‡i| bU Ibwj `¨vU, Avgiv G¨vjvU© _vK‡ev hv‡Z
†KvivÞ †jvKRb Avgv‡ì b¨vkbvj AM©vbvB‡Rk‡b Xy‡K †iBb Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|
GKR‡bi †Kwikgvi PvÝ wb‡q `kR‡b jy‡U cy‡U bv Lvq|Õ ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ..
Ô... gvwbK fvB Avgv‡ì Bqvs †Rbv‡ik‡bi Avbwjwg‡UW GbvwR©‡K wVKfv‡e P¨v‡bjvBR
Ki‡Z Pvq| †Zvgiv hw` †Kv-Acv‡iU bv K‡iv...|Õ (H, c„:26-27)
Rvd‡ii K‡ÉI GKB myi cÖwZa″wbZ :
Ômvefviwmf| †hLv‡b Avcbvi my‡hvM Av‡Q, Avcwb †`‡ki b¨vkbvj BD_
AM©vbvB‡Rkb‡K †ní bv K‡i eis A‡cvR Ki‡Qb †Kb? Avcwb Avgv‡ì Kg‡cj
Ki‡Qb Uz †UK|Õ (H, c„:28)
†mw`‡bi G¨vj‡KvnwjK Av‡qvRb †k‡l mgiwR‡Zi gM‡R †Zvjcvo I‡V| †m G-I
†ev‡S GKevi Zv‡ì KivqË n‡j G evwo Avi KL‡bvB Zvi c‡¶ cybi ×vi Kiv
m¤¢e n‡e bv| hy‡×i mgq wbivc` Avkª‡qi mÜv‡b cwiev‡ii mKj‡K wb‡q cvjv‡Z
n‡jI ¯^vaxb †`‡k evwo †_‡K DrLvZ n‡Z n‡e GUv Zvi AKíbxq| Ô†LuvqvwiÕ M‡í
GK ag©xq msL¨vjNy cwiev‡ii kZeQ‡ii cyi‡bv evwo `L‡ji cuvqZviv Ges `Lj
msµv‰‭ NUbvewji g‡a¨ G‡`‡ki ivR‣bwZK Aw¯ iZvi Bw½Z †g‡j| bqgvm i³¶qx
Rbhy‡× †`k ¯^vaxb n‡j hy‡× †bZ…Z¡`vbKvix ey‡R©vqv ivR‣bwZK `jwU ¶gZvq Avmxb
nq| Z‡e kvmbfvi MÖnY K‡i †`k cybM©Vb I gvby‡li †g․wjK AwaKvi ev¯‭evq‡bi
c~‡e©B `‡ji QÎQvqvq QvÎ-hyeKg©xiv ÔBD_ AM©vbvB‡RkbÕ, ÔBD_ d«‱UÕ cÖf„wZ bv‡g
msMVb •Zwi K‡i wecøe-cÖwZwecøe cÖwZnZ Kivi ARynv‡Z mvaviY gvby‡li AwaKv‡i
n¯‭‡¶c K‡i Zv‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^w¯‭‡eva I wek¦v‡m dvUj m„wó K‡i| ZvQvov ey‡R©vqv
ivR‣bwZK `‡ji ivR‣bwZK ms¯‥…wZnxbZvi Kvi‡Y Zviv webqx I K‡g© kª×vkxj bv
n‡q AvZ¥køvNvq †fv‡M Ges KZ…©Z¡ev`x I ¶gZvwjáy n‡q I‡V| GB gg©‰‧` h‰¿Yven
welqwU MíKvi gvÎ K‡qKwU Pwi‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q G M‡í dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb|
msL¨vjNy DrLv‡Zi cÖ‡Póvi ga¨ w`‡q g~j¨‡evanxb ivRbxwZi aviK-evnK I cÖf~Z
¶gZvai‡ì `vwqZ¡ÁvbnxbZvi d‡j ¯^vaxb †`‡k †h AivRK-wek„‫‫‬Lj Ae¯ v m„wó nq Zv G
M‡í wPwÎZ| †nv‡Uj B‱UviKw‱U‡b‱Uv‡j we‡`wk AwZw_‡ì Avc¨vqbKvix GgbB GK †bZv
gvwbK; hy‡× bv-wM‡qI, †PZbv aviY bv-K‡iI †m gyw³‡hv×v| GB PwiÎwUi µ‚iZv dvi ‡Ki
e³‡e¨ D‡b¥vwPZ :
190
Ô... gvwbK fvB‡K wb‡q cÖ‡eøg nj GB †h BwWIjwRi Rb¨ Dwb †h †Kv‡bv AwcÖq KvRI
Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Zzwg Avgv‡ì m‡½ †Kv-Acv‡iU Ki‡Z wiwdDR K‡i‡Qv ïb‡j wn †g cyU
BD BbUz Uªvej|Õ (H, c„:32)
Ggb Dw³‡Z mgiwR‡Zi ey‡K eRªvNvZ nq Ges Zvi Kv‡Q eÜz‡ì ¯^v_©v‡‰^lx Pwi‡Îi gy‡Lvk
D‡b¥vwPZ nq| dvi K, Rvdi wKsev gvwbK‡ì ivR‣bwZK ms¯‥…wZ †h M‡o I‡Vwb Zv Zv‡ì
†cvkvKI mv¶¨ †`q| †hgb, Rvd‡ii d¨vmd¨v‡m I †Piv KÉ¯î, ÔZvi †ejeUg, e‡ov
Kjv‡ii Lei-KvMR AuvKv kvU©, Mjvq †Svjv‡bv †Pb Ges m`vcÖ¯‧Z I mcÖwZf †Pnvivi m‡½
†egvbvb|Õ (H, c„:12)| D‡jøL¨, ÔAb¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯îÕ M‡íi `yÕRb Puv`vev‡Ri †cvkv‡Ki
mv‡_ G‡ì †cvkv‡Ki mv`„‡kï wbLyuZ eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb Bwjqvm|
M‡íi Kvwnbx‡Z gvwb‡Ki kixix Dcw¯ wZ †bB| A‰‭iv‡j †_‡KI †m dvi K, Rvdi‡K
me©¶Y cwiPvwjZ K‡i| Zv‡ì Aci eÜz Bd‡ZLvi AevOvwj, D`y©fvlx| M‡í Zvi †Zgb
†Kv‡bv f~wgKv †bB| eis Zvi Amnvq‡Z¡i my‡hvM wb‡q‡Q dvi K| hy‡×i ci Zvi PvKwi
†envZ I evwo †e`Lj nIqvq eva¨ n‡q †m dvwb©Pvi, wUwf-wd«R m¯‭vq wewµ K‡i| wd«R
wewµi UvKv Zvi nv‡Z Av‡Q †R‡b dvi K `ycy‡i wejvmeûj †nv‡U‡j jvÂ †m‡i, Mvwoi
†c‡Uªv‡ji `vg wgwU‡q, weqvi jvBg wRb †L‡q, m‡e©vcwi we‡`wk c‡b©vMÖvwd wK‡b cÖvq meUv
Lwm‡q †bq| ¯^v_© D×v‡ii Avkvq Bd‡ZLvi G‡Z AvcwË K‡i bv| Zvi aviYv dvi K KZ…©K
†e`Lj evwo, wmj Kiv †`vKvb Ges üZ PvKwi cybi ×vi n‡e| ¯^v_©wP‰‭v I ¯^v_©wmw×‡Z
Zrci eÜz‡ì g‡a¨ Rvdi GKUz wfb′ cÖK…wZi| mvgvb¨ n‡jI Zvi g‡a¨ bxwZ‡ev‡ai cwiPq
j¶ Kiv hvq| Rvd‡ii ¯^MZ fvebvq Zv cÖKvwkZ:
iOevwR K‡i Avi KZw`b? Pviw`‡K Lvwj kÎ , †hLv‡b hvI GKUv bv GKUv Nvcjv|
A_P †Kv‡bv mgm¨v wb‡q gv_v Nvgv‡e bv Giv, Gw`‡K IqvwK©s KwgwU‡Z †XvKvi Rb¨
me Aw¯ i| GZ e‡ov GKUv IjUcvjU N‡U †Mj, G‡ì †Kv‡bv •PZ‡b¨v`q nj? (H,
c„:21)
Z‡e Rvd‡ii Aewkó g~j¨‡eva bxwZnxb †bZ…‡Z¡i Kv‡Q wejyß n‡q hvq|
G M‡í mgiwRr PwiÎwU‡K †Kv‡bv mvnmx f~wgKvq AeZxY© n‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| mÜ¨vi ÔRwb
IqvKvi †iW †j‡ej ûBw¯‥Õi AvÇv‡k‡l †m evwo m¤^‡Ü eÜz‡ì wbR¯^ wm×v‰‭ Rvbv‡Z e¨_©
nq| eÜziv P‡j †M‡j †m †Luvqvwi‡Z †fv‡M| AvZ¥K_‡b Zv ¯úó :
ÔLvwj n¨vsIfvi nq, g` LvB‡jB n¨vsIfvi, Qvo‡ZI cvwi bv, wK †h Kwi? †Luvqvwii g‡a¨
ivZ Kv‡U, mvivUv mKvj RyBov Lvwj †Luvqvwi, Awd‡m eBmv wSgvB, fvjøv‡M bv|Õ (H,
c„:36)
myZivs Ô†LuvqvwiÕ fvO‡Z ÷vi wmMv‡i‡Ui ZvgvK †d‡j w`‡q †Lv‡ji g‡a¨ MuvRv XywK‡q myLUvb
†`q mgiwRr| Rxebhy‡× nvi‡Z nvi‡Z Gfv‡e AvZ¥wbgM′Zvi g‡a¨ †eu‡P _vKvi A_© †Luv‡R
mgiwRr| Ag„ZjvjI GKwU wbw®…q I AZxZPvix PwiÎ| evwo Qvo‡Z n‡e †R‡b †m Zv i¶vq
mwµq bv-n‡q cyivZb w`‡bi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y wbgM′ nq| AvR Zv‡K hviv kvwm‡q hvq Zv‡ì
c~e©cyi liv GKmgq Zvi evwoi †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv As‡ki Kv‡R Rwo‡q wQj Ggb fvebvq
Z„wßjv‡fi e¨_© †Póv K‡i| d‡j †Luvqvwi‡Z Av‪Qb′ nIqv Qvov MZ¨‰‭i _v‡K bv Zvi|
Ô†LuvqvwiÕ `xN© Mí| wKQy ¯ v‡b eY©bvi AvwaK¨ m‡Ë¡I e¨½-we`ªƒc-Bw½Z mn‡hv‡M Gi Kvwnbxi
eY©bv h_vh_| GKwUgvÎ cwiev‡ii cjvqb`„k¨ w`‡q RvwZi gyw³hy×Kvjxb cwiw¯ wZ †evSv‡Z
191
†jL‡Ki mvdj¨ AmvaviY| mgiwR‡Zi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y hy×Kvjxb Amnq‡Zvv I fqvenZvi wPÎ
dz‡U I‡V :
mevB‡K wb‡q ivgP‱`ªcy‡ii j‡Â IVv, wn‱`y hvÎx enb Ki‡Z mv‡i‡Oi µgvMZ Ôbv bvÕ,
R¨vVvBgvi KvQ †_‡K †ò fwi †mvbvi evjv wb‡q mv‡iO‡K Nyl †Ìqv, Aj¼vi-†kv‡K
R¨vVvBgvi Bwb‡q wewb‡q Kvb′v; wZb gvBj hvIqvi ci euvw`‡Ki KvUvLv‡j †mbvevwnbxi
Mvb‡evU P‡j †Mj cwðgw`‡K, mvZ AvU gvBj ci b`xi `w¶Y cvo Ry‡o `» Rbc`,
Sjmv‡bv MvQcvjv, b`x‡Z ¸‡jv-we× †du‡c-IVv jvk‡ì Rj‡Kwj (H, c„:29)
... b`xi D‡ëvw`‡K Av‡iv `y‡Uv NvU †cQ‡b g_yivcvovq ZLb †mbvevwnbxi Mvb‡evU
wf‡o‡Q| wK ¸‡jvi kã, wK gvby‡li wPrKvi evZv‡m †Qu‡K Avm‡Z Avm‡Z meB cwiYZ
nq fq-`¨vLv‡bv a″wb‡Z| Avi e„wó bv‡g e‡ov e‡ov †duvUvq, Avi †mB m‡½ cÖPÊ †e‡M
evZvm| (H, c„:31)
GLb mÜ¨vKvj bv Mfxi ivwÎ? GUv wK bMixi ivRc_ bv wbf„Z evOvwj MÖvg? e„wó bv
U¨v¼? evZvm bv gU©vi? DËi `w¶‡Y wK MvQcvjv bv †mbvevwnbx? gvV bv K¨v‱Ub‡g‱U?
gM‡R GBme Nvcjv, †Kv‡j VvKzigv| h‡Zv nvévB †nvK bv, VvKzigv‡K wb‡q Avi
†`․ov‡bv hv‡‪Q bv| e„wói †Zv‡o †KD KvD‡K †`L‡Z cvq bv| cÖ‡Z¨‡K fve‡Q, Avi
mevB Av‡Q GKm‡½, nvq‡i `jQyU n‡q c‡owQ †Kej AvwgB| (H, c„:31-32)
hy‡×i ga¨ w`‡q †h wekvj GKvb′eZ©x cwiev‡ii g~j DrcvwUZ nq Zv Avi †ivwcZ nIqvi
m¤¢vebv †`Lv hvq bv| KviY mvaviYfv‡e msL¨vMwiô m¤cÖ`v‡qi gvbyl AmnvqZ¡‡ev‡a ZvwoZ
msL¨vjNyi gg©‡e`bv Abyfe Ki‡Z Pvqwb, msL¨vjNyi †kKoKvUv †`kZ¨v‡Mi evaëvaKZv
Zviv eyS‡Z †Póv K‡iwb| eis mvgvb¨ g~‡j¨ ev¯‧wfUv, f~wg, eëmv-evwYR¨ µ‡qi my‡hvM
wbwe©Kvi wP‡Ë MÖnY K‡i‡Q, †¶Î we‡k‡l GB ¯^v‡_©i Uv‡b cÖwZ‡ekx cwievi‡K †`kZ¨v‡M
cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i‡Q, †mLv‡b Zvi •bwZKZv‡eva AvnZ nqwb| Ab¨w`‡K †`kZ¨vMx msL¨vjNyi
Ici †`‡ki cÖwZ Awek¦¯‭Zvi Awf‡hvM G‡m‡Q| mvZPwjøk †_‡K †P․lwÆ ch©‰‭ msNwUZ
mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v, cÖkvm‡bi c¶cvZ BZ¨vw` NUbv cwiw¯ wZi AebwZ NwU‡q‡Q, msL¨vjNyi
wbivcËvi Afve Zvi AmnvqZ¡ evwo‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡K †`kZ¨v‡M cÖ‡ivwPZ K‡i‡Q|6 Avi
†mKvi‡YB mgiwR‡Zi Aci eÜz cÖ`xc hy× PjvKv‡j ¯^‡`‡k PvKwi †c‡qI fvi‡Z P‡j hvq,
Avi wd‡i Av‡m bv, hwÌ Zvi wd‡i bv-Avmv‡ZB Abïv myLx I Avbw‱`Z nq|
`yafv‡Z DrcvZ MÖ‡‰ i Ôwgwji nv‡Z †÷bMvbÕ M‡í gyw³hy‡×i Abyl½ wPwÎZ| MÖ‡‰ i
cÖ_g Mí Ôwgwji nv‡Z †÷bMv‡bÕ cyivb XvKvi GKwU cwiev‡ii b¨vq-Ab¨vq‡eva, gyw³hy‡×i
†PZbv ev g~j¨‡ev‡ai webwó I Zv cÖwZ‡iva-cÖ‡Póvi PvjwPÎ ewY©Z| `xN© bqgv‡mi i³¶qx
hy× †k‡l m`¨-¯^vaxb †`‡k †hme jovKz Zi ‡Yi †`kMovi msMÖv‡g eªZx nIqvi K_v Zv‡ì
wec_MvwgZv GKw`‡K mvgvwRK-•bwZK g~j¨‡ev‡ai Ici KzVvivNvZ K‡i Ges Ab¨w`‡K
mvaviY RbMY‡K ewÂZ K‡i ¯^vaxbZvi mydj †_‡K| d‡j ¶gZv-A_©-cÖwZcwË gywó‡gqÕi
Kzw¶MZ nq| GB g~j¨‡evanxbZv, eÂbv I Ackw³i Kej †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z my¯  wP‰‭vi
gvbyl‡ì mPj n‡Z nq| Kj¨vYKvgx gvby‡li mdj cÖwZ‡iva M‡o IVvB mgv‡Ri Av‡jv-
wb‡`©kK| Ôwgwji nv‡Z †÷bMvbÕ †mB Av‡jv-wb‡`©k‡Ki Mí| ivbv cyivb XvKvevmx
PvKwiRxex Avkivd Avjxi Pvi cyÎ-Kb¨vi g‡a¨ †R¨ô| gyw³hy‡× †m mwµq AskMÖnY K‡i|
hy× †k‡l †`‡k wd‡i A¯¿ Rgv bv-w`‡q cuvP eÜz wg‡j mgvRwe‡ivax Kvh©Kjv‡c wjß n‡q
ivóªxq †bZ…e„‡‱ì mycvwi‡k cviwgU msMÖn K‡i ¶gZvi Aceënv‡i gË nq| GKB AÂ‡ji
192
Ave″vm Avjx gv÷vi cÖZ¨¶fv‡e hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡i Ges ¯^vaxb †`‡k Zvi gw¯‭®‥weK…wZ
N‡U| Ave″vm gv÷vi ÔAve″vm cvMjvqÕ cwiYZ n‡q mve©¶wYK kÎ i wei ‡× hy‡× iZ _v‡K|
c„w_ex AwZµg K‡i AvKv‡ki Puv` ch©‰‭ we¯‭…Z nq Zvi hy× cwiµgv| cwi®‥vi aea‡e
AvKv‡k †m Kíbvi †Pv‡L •mb¨ †`‡L Ges kÎ ‡K LZ‡gi Rb¨ ivbvi Kv‡Q GKUv †÷bMvb
Pvq| ivbvi †QvU‡evb wgwj Ave″vm cvMjvi Gme Kg©Kv‡Ê Drmvn‡eva K‡i Ges †m-I µ‡g
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gyw³hy‡×i ci ¯^vaxb †`‡k kvm‡Ki cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶ mn‡hvwMZvq wKsev Zv‡ì bvg eënvi
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GBfv‡e earn while you learn Kg©‡hv‡M DØy× n‡q hyem¤cÖ`v‡qi GKwU Ask GKB
m‡½ A‡_©vcvR©b I ms¯‥…wZPP©v `y‡Uv‡ZB mgvb cvi½g n‡q D‡V‡Q| A_©vMg n‡‪Q
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evwo‡ZI Xv‡j|7
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nv‡Z †÷bMvbÕ M‡íi ivbv I Zvi eÜziv wfb′ wfb′ cwiP‡q wPwýZ n‡jI Awfb′ PvwiwÎ¨K
•ewk‡óï aviK| Giv †KD cvwU©i †bZv‡ì msea©bvi bv‡g Puv`v Av`vq K‡i, mgvR‡mevi
bv‡g ivR‣bwZK mZx_© wK‰‧ msL¨vjNyi evwo-`L‡ji Ac‡K․k‡j wjß nq, A‡bï †`vKvb
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c‡i, gyw³hy× cwiPvjbvKvix GKwU we‡kl ivR‣bwZK `‡ji kvmbvg‡j cvwU© I †bZ…e„‡‱ì
cwiPq eënvi K‡i GK‡kªYxi hyeK ivóª I mgvRwe‡ivax Kg©Kv‡Ê Rwo‡q c‡o| ejv evûj¨,
hy‡×vËi Kv‡j Ôbvbv wecixZ kw³i Uv‡b m„ó ivR‣bwZK wech©q mvg‡j IVvi weP¶YZv I
Av`k©MZ kw³Õ8 `jwUi wQj bv| Avi Gi d‡j †`‡ki RbMY Ôgy‡LvgyLx n‡q‡Q ivR‣bwZK-
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193
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A¼b K‡i‡Qb I Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai kw³i DÌv‡bi AvKv‫¶‫‬v e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|
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cÖqvmx n‡q‡Qb| Ave″vm cvMjvi Dw³‡Z ivbv I Zvi eÜz‡ì A_©vr mgv‡Ri wec_Mvgx
m‰¿vmx hyeK‡ì cÖK…Z PwiÎ D‡b¥vwPZ nq| D`vniY,
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g¯‭vb¸‡jv †Uwjwfkb jBqv AvB‡jv, Anb †M‡Q †iwd«Rv‡iUi Avb‡Z? •K †M‡Q,
KBwj bv?Õ (Ôwgwji nv‡Z †÷bMvbÕ, `yafv‡Z DrcvZ, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, 1985,
c„:14)
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†jvK fv‡e Ab¨w`‡K Avevi nvmcvZv‡ji gvbwmK Iqv‡W©I fwZ© Kwi‡q †`q| evOvwji Mwe©Z
¯^c′ gyw³hy‡×i Av`k©gvjvi c~Y© ev¯‭evqb bv nIqvq Ave″vm cvMjv †h ¯^c′ †`‡L, †`k I
gvby‡li Aw¯‭Z¡ i¶vq bZzbZi hy‡× wb‡R‡K e¨vc„Z iv‡L †mB Ave″vm cvMjvI GKmgq
Ae¶wqZ PwiÎvejxi mvwify³ nq| weK„Zgw¯‭®‥ Ave″vm ïay my¯ B nq bv, ivbvi mv‡_ nvZ
wgwj‡q, Kg©vbymÜv‡b wjß nq| c¶v‰‭‡i wgwj n‡q I‡V RvwZi Avkv-AvKv‫¶‫‬vi cÖZxK|
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KvgvjDwÏ‡bi ¯§„wZPvi‡Y Rvbv hvq Zvi †QvU †Q‡j †mvenvb gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnY K‡iwQj| †m
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w`‡Z e¨_© nq| G‡Z †m Aciva‡ev‡a †fv‡M| G †_‡K gyw³hy‡×i cÖwZ Zvi †h gvbwmK mg_©b
wQj Zv †evSv hvq| e„×ve¯ vq KvgvjDwÏb gyw³hy‡× knx` cyÎ‡K ¯^c′ †`‡L, †m wcZv‡K
g„Zz¨‡jv‡K wb‡q †h‡Z Pvq| Ô†`vR‡Li IgÕ M‡í gyw³hy‡×i GZUzKz gvÎ cÖm‡½i D‡jøL
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gyw³hy‡×i Kvwnbx ewY©Z| MÖ‡‰ i `xN©Zg Mí ÔRvj ¯^c′, ¯^‡c′i RvjÕ| ¯^c′ I ev¯‭‡ei
gvLvgvwL‡Z M‡o D‡V‡Q Mí‡`n| G M‡íi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki gnvb gyw³hy‡× GK ew¯‭evmxi
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Zv‡ì Ae¯ vb e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q| PwiÎmg~n I Zv‡ì wµqvi d‡j m„ó NUbvmg~n iƒcK-cÖZxK
194
I ev¯‭eZv-Aev¯‭eZvi mw¤§j‡b Mfxi cÖ‡Yv`bv m„wó K‡i‡Q| Bwjqv‡mi B‡Zvc~‡e©i
Mí¸‡jv‡Z Ôgyw³hy×Õ I Zvi cieZ©xKv‡ji nvjPvj mwb′‡ewkZ n‡jI cÖZ¨¶fv‡e hy×Kvjxb I
cieZ©x mg‡qi cÖwZwµqvkxj †Mvôxi PwiÎ Aw¼Z nqwb| ÔRvj ¯^c′, ¯^‡c′i RvjÕ M‡í wZwb
cðv×vweZ Pwi‡Îi eY©bvq †`k I RvwZi cÖK…Z Ae¯ v wPwýZKi‡Y m‡Pó n‡q‡Qb|
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AR©‡bi cÖvq wek eQi c‡i hy×Kvjxb NUbvewj d¬vke¨vK c×wZ‡Z ewY©Z Ges eZ©gvbKv‡ji
cÖwZwµqvkxj †Mvôxi kw³kvjx kvLv-cÖkvLv we¯‭v‡ii NUbv I me©Î Zv‡ì kVZv I µ~iZv
wPwÎZ hvi g~‡j _v‡K ey‡jU I jvj wgqv Avi bvwRi Avwj bvgK cÖwZwµqvkxj PwiÎvejx|
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msMÖvg msNwUZ K‡i Zvi djvdj G-†`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv| ¯^vaxbZv cÖvwßi AeëwnZ ci †_‡KB
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Ab¨w`‡K mgvRRxe‡b •bwZK kw³i Ae¶q ïi  n‡Z _v‡K| D‡jøL¨, GB cÖwZwµqvkxj †Mvôx
cvwK¯‭vwb Ac-kvm‡bi AbyMvgx, Ac‪Qvqvq DwÌZ Ackw³| Zviv hy×Kv‡j ¯^vaxbZv-hy‡×i
we‡ivax kw³iƒ‡c cvwK¯‭vwb bicï‡ì †`vm‡i cwiYZ n‡qwQj| GiKg Aw¯ wZkxj cwi‡e‡k
gywy ³hy‡×i knx` BgvgywÏ‡bi GwZgm‰‭vb ey‡jU wcZ…eÜz jvj wgqvi m‡m′n Avkª‡q •K‡kvi
KvwU‡q †h․e‡b c`vc©Y K‡i| jvj wgqv I BgvgywÏb cyi‡bv XvKvq GKmv‡_ †e‡o D‡V‡Q|
ivqmvevRvi cy‡ji Ici gmwR‡` nvwdRyjøv gybwmi Kv‡Q Kvq`v Avgcvov cov ïi 
K‡i gvSLv‡b Lv‰‭ †Ìqv, e‡ov n‡Z n‡Z Gi Qv‡` Ii Qv‡` D‡V Nywo Iov‡bv,
•PÎmsµvw‰‭i w`‡b Nywo Iov‡Z wM‡q c‡o wM‡q Qv‡ì Kvwb©k a‡i †Svjv, Av‡iKUz
e‡ov n‡j gyKz‡j bvMgn‡j †MUg¨vb‡ì dvBdigvm †L‡U w`‡q gvMbv wm‡bgv †`Lv,
evsjvevRvi †g‡q‡ì ¯‥z‡ji mvg‡b 10Uvq-5Uvq Uvw¼ gviv,‭me wWDwU †Zv cvjb
Kij Zviv GKm‡½B| (ÔRvj ¯^c′, ¯^‡c′i RvjÕ, Rvj ¯^cœ, ¯^‡cœi Rvj, c~‡e©v³,
c„:40)
Z‡e µ‡g Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`Lv w`‡Z _v‡K| e‡ov n‡q jvjwgqv Pv‡qi †`vKv‡b KvR †bq
Ges †`vKv‡bi L‡Ïi evov‡Z iO Pwo‡q Av‡Mi iv‡Z †`Lv wm‡bgvi Mí e‡j| †m‡¶‡Î
BgvgywÏb c‡` c‡` evav †`q I fyj awi‡q †`q| gyw³hy‡×i ïi ‡Z jvjwgqv ivRvKvi bvwRi
Avwji †`vKv‡b Kg©Pvix wn‡m‡e KvR wb‡j BgvgywÏb Zv‡K Awek¦vm Ki‡Z ïi  K‡i|
BgvgywÏb gyw³hy‡× knx` n‡j ey‡jU cÖ_‡g `vwì Avkª‡q Ges `vwì g„Zzï ci wUwdb
K¨vwiqv‡i fvZen‡bi PvKwi I Pv‡qi †`vKv‡bi PvKwii ch©vqµ‡g jvjwgqv I bvwRi Avwji
Avkª‡q Av‡m| gyw³‡hv×vi m‰‭vb n‡jI ¯^vaxb †`‡ki h_v_© DËivwaKvi †m enb K‡i bv|
niZvj-wgwQj-wc‡KwUs-G Drmvnx ey‡jU µ‡g jvjwgqvi g‡Zv ¯^c′ †`L‡Z ïi  K‡i Ges
¯^‡c′i KviY AbymÜv‡b †m Rvb‡Z cv‡i D‡ëv cv-Iqvjviv †`k I RvwZi kÎ | d‡j †m
mwVK c‡_i D‡ëvw`‡K nuvUv gvby‡li cÖwZ Pig N„Yv cÖKvk Ki‡Z _v‡K|
ÔRvj ¯^c′, ¯^‡c′i RvjÕ M‡í wfb′ Avw½‡K evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× Z_v ¯^vaxbZv-
cieZ©xKv‡ji nZvkv, ¯^c′f½, Ae¶q, civwRZ Ackw³i DÌvb wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| ¯^íK_vq
gyw³hy‡×i mgKv‡ji wbh©vZb-AZ¨vPvi, evwoNi-†`vKvbcvU jyU I `L‡ji wPÎ GLv‡b
wbcyYfv‡e wPwÎZ|
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Zviv ivRvKv‡ii Avkªq wb‡Z eva¨ nq; ¯^vaxbZv-we‡ivaxiv cybe©vwmZ nq; gywó‡gq
195
myweav‡fvMxi n¯‭MZ nq hveZxq wejvm`ªe¨| bvwRi Avwj myweav‡fvMx‡ì GKRb| gyw³hy‡×i
mg‡q Zvi `LjK…Z A‡bK evwoi g‡a¨ †KvbwU‡Z Nygv‡e Zv †m w¯ i Ki‡Z cviZ bv| †`k
¯^vaxb n‡j bvwRi Avwj AvZ¥‡Mvcb K‡i, `xN©w`b c‡i ivR‣bwZK Aw¯ wZkxj cwiw¯ wZi
my‡hv‡M †`‡k cybe©vwmZ nq| bvwRi Avwji wd‡i Avmvi †K․kj Awfbe :
... GK ïµev‡i Ry¤§vi bvgv‡Ri ci gmwR‡ì ìRvq ùvwo‡q gv_v by‡q gymwjø‡ì
cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i mvjvg Ki‡Z †`Lv †Mj bvwRi Avwj‡K,
ÔAvmmvjv‡gvAvjvqKzg, fvBmv‡ne, fv‡jv Av‡Qb?Õ Zvi †Pbv-A‡Pbv mevB Zvi j¤^v
m‡d` `vwoi w`‡K nuv K‡i ZvwK‡q _v‡K, Zvi jvj‡P dm©v Mv‡j Av‡jvi Avfv, Nv‡o
†Svjv‡bv MvgQvi g‡Zv Kvc‡oi UzKiv, AvjLvjøv GZ e‡ov †h cvRvgv bv ci‡jI
Zvi P‡j| (H, c„:53)
myweav‡fvMx bvwRi Avwjiv AZ¨‰‭ †K․k‡j j¶¨ AR©‡b wbweó| †m wek¦vmx jvjwgqv‡K
†`vKv‡bi Kv‡R jvMvq I knx`m‰‭vb ey‡jU‡K Avkªq †`q| Zv‡K eënvi K‡i †m ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡k Kw_Z †`k‡cÖ‡gi Avov‡j A‣ea cyuwRi gvwjK n‡Z Pvq| bvwRi Avwji ¯^MZ
fvebv †_‡K Zvi G nVKvwiZv I hy×-cieZ©x †`‡ki m¤ú` gywó‡gq gvby‡li Kzw¶MZ nIqvi
K_v Rvbv hvq;
... GKUv kwn` gyw³‡hv×vi †Q‡j gv‡b GKUv A¨v‡mU, KLb Kx nq †K Rv‡b? hw`
†Zwo‡ewo K‡i ZLb †`Lv hv‡e| NvcwU †g‡i _vKvi mgq ZLbKvi g‰¿xi gyw³‡hv×v
fvB‡qi m‡½ eëmv K‡i †h UvKv K‡i‡Q Zv wK e¨v‡¼ Rgvevi R‡b¨? Mv‡g©‱Um Pvjy
n‡j †Zv K_vB bvB| GB gnjøv wK‡b wb‡Z ZLb Avi KZ¶Y? (H, c„:55)
A_P GB bvwRi AvwjB gyw³hy‡×i mgq BgvgywÏ‡bi g„Zzï Rb¨ `vqx| Zvi ¯¿x‡K cvwK¯‭vwb
†mbvevwnbxi nv‡Z Zz‡j †Ìqv, ew¯‭‡Z Av¸b aiv‡bv, BgvgywÏ‡bi `vw`‡K nZ¨v Kiv cÖf„wZ
hveZxq KzK‡g©i †nvZv bvwRi Avwj| D‡jøL¨, Bmjv‡gi msnwZ i¶v‡_© bvwRi Avwj Z_v
ivRvKv‡iiv cvwK¯‭vwb •mwbK‡ì mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q e‡j `vwe K‡i| Zviv G‡`‡ki bvix‡ì
cvwK¯‭vwb †mbvevwnbxi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z ms‡KvP‡eva K‡iwb, eis Gi cðv‡ZI hyw³ Lyu‡R
†c‡q‡Q| BgvgywÏ‡bi ¯¿x‡K cvwK¯‭vwb †mbvevwnbxi nv‡Z Zz‡j †`qvi c‡i bvwRi Avwji
fvebvq c~‡e©wjøwLZ hyw³i mv¶¨ †g‡j :
BgvgywÏ‡bi †e․Uv Kv‡jv n‡jI †`L‡Z fv‡jv|‭bv, bv, ZIev Av¯‭vM‡di jøv, bvwRi Avwji
Ime Lvmjr bvB| N‡i Zvi ci‡nRMvi wewe, Zvi Qq †Q‡j GBme †`vKvbcvU hw` Zviv
wVKg‡Zv Pvjv‡Z cv‡i †Zv Avjøvi Kv‡Q nvRvi ïKzi| wK‰‧ Avgvi `x‡bi R‡b¨ nvRvi
gvBj `~i †_‡K wgwjUvwi G‡m Rvb †Kvievb K‡i w`‡‪Q, Zv‡ì kix‡ii †Zv wKQy Pvwn`v
_v‡K| †mUzKz †gUv‡Z bv cvi‡j wbgKnvivwg Kiv nq bv? (H, c„:49)
GB fvebv †_‡KB bvwRi Avwj‡ì †cvkvwK †Lvjm, Zv‡ì A‰‭tmvik~b¨ ag©xq
msnwZ-D‡Ïk¨ I gvbeZvwe‡ivax PvwiwÎ¨‣ewkó¨ cÖKUfv‡e D‡b¥vwPZ nq| Zviv ¯^vaxbZvi ci
†`k‡K cÖMwZi e`‡j cÖwZwµqvkxjZvi Mn″‡i µgvMZ †U‡b bvgv‡bvi Rb¨ HKvw‰‭K
cÖ‡PóviZ| Giƒc wei × cwiw¯ wZ‡ZI †jLK civwRZ Ackw³i DÌv‡bi cÖwZev‡ì ev¯‭evbyM
cÖm½ Dc¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb| ey‡j‡Ui †e‡o-IVvi g‡a¨ bxwZ ev Av`k©‡eva RvMÖZ nIqvi my‡hvM
bv-_vK‡jI `vwì Kv‡Q wcZvi exiZ¡Mv_v ï‡b ï‡b ARv‡‰‭B †m n‡q I‡V †mme M‡íi
bvqK| †mbvevwnbxi jwi K‡qK‡kvevi Dwo‡q w`‡q `vjvj bvwRi Avwj‡K M‡í A‰‭Z
cuvP‡kvevi †m nZ¨v K‡i| ejv hvq, ey‡j‡Ui g‡a¨ B‪Qvc~i‡Yi AvKv‫¶‫‬v RvMÖZ nq|
196
G M‡íi Kvwnbxi Kvjcwimi hy‡×i A‡bK c‡i n‡jI hy‡×i Abyl½ eëüZ n‡q‡Q evievi|
gvÎ Kzwo-GKzk eQ‡ii g‡a¨ ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax kw³ wKfv‡e GKwU ¯^vaxb †`‡ki wbq‰‭vÕq
cwiYZ nq GB Uª¨vwRK cwiw¯ wZi m~² I hyw³c~Y© we‡køl‡Yi Rb¨B MíKvi eZ©gvb NUbvi
eY©bvq evievi hy‡×i Abyl½ G‡b‡Qb| Avi ev¯‭‡e Zvi mgvavb wb‡`©k bv K‡i ¯^‡c′i Avkªq
wb‡q‡Qb| Aek¨ ¯^c′‡K cÖwZ‡iv‡ai cÖZxKvq‡b hyw³c~Y© K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| Avi ZvB Ô¯^c′Õ ev
Ô†LvqveÕ G M‡í me‡P‡q eo f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| jvjwgqv cÖ_g †h․e‡b wm‡bgvi Kvwnbx
eqv‡b †ewk Z…wß †c‡jI DËi-†h․e‡b Zv ¯^c′-eY©bvq cwiewZ©Z nq| evievi †`Lv †mB ¯^‡c′i
welqe¯‧ GKB| AwZe„× wK‰‧ byivbx †Pnvivi GK gymwjø jvjwgqvi mv‡_ ùvwo‡q bvgvR c‡o
wK‰‧ Zvi cv‡qi cvZv m¤§yLeZ©x bq, cðvreZ©x| A_©vr mvg‡bi w`‡K nuvU‡jI ¯^qswµqfv‡eB
†m cðvrMvgx nq| µgvMZ GB ¯^c′eqvb †kvbvi d‡j ey‡j‡Ui g‡aÏ Zv msµvwgZ nq| †m-
I GKB ¯^c′ †`‡L Ges Zv wbivg‡qi †Póv K‡i, ¯^‡c′B Zv‡ì cv‡qi cðv`gywLZvi KviY
Rvb‡Z Pvq| Z‡e hLb eyS‡Z cv‡i ¯^‡c′ †`Lv gymwjø Zvi Avkªq`vZv ivRvKvi bvwRi Avwj,
ZLb ¯^‡c′i †fZ‡iB kvw¯‭ †`qvi j‡¶¨ Zv‡K j¶¨ K‡i cÖmªve wbM©Z K‡i| GLv‡b ¯^‡c′i
cÖZx‡Ki Avkª‡q †jLK Zx¶è ev¯‭e mZ¨‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| †`‡k cÖwZwµqvkxj kw³i
cybe©vm‡b cÖKviv‰‭‡i gyw³hy‡×i c¶kw³i Ae¯ vb msKzwPZ n‡‪Q| Gi †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi cÖavb
Dcvq ÔcÖwZ‡ivaÕ| iv‡óªi cÖwZwU gvby‡li ¯^Z‰¿ I wfb′ Ae¯ vb †_‡K cÖwZ‡iva M‡o Zzj‡Z
¯^Kxq †K․kj Awbevh©| G M‡íi ey‡jU GB †K․kj Aej¤^b K‡i‡Q gvÎ|
gyw³hy× I gyw³hy×-cieZ©x cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯ wZ G M‡í msnZfv‡e aiv c‡o‡Q| welq
I PwiÎvewji bvbvw`K I ¯îƒc eY©bvq MíKvi wb¯ú„n †_‡K‡Qb| MíKvi wb‡R‡K
PwiÎ¸‡jvi ¯^Kxq Ae¯ v‡b cÖwZ¯ vwcZ K‡i Zv‡ì gb¯‭Ë¡ Mfxifv‡e ch©‡e¶Y I we‡kølY
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb| †QvUeo cÖwZwU NUbvi g‡a¨ jvjwgqv, ey‡jU, bvwRi Avwj cÖf„wZ
Pwi‡Îi †h gvbmwµqv I wP‰‭v wbwnZ _v‡K Zv Zuvi `„wó Govqwb| gyw³hy‡×i cÖ‡k′ jvjwgqv
KL‡bv cvwK¯‭vwb †mbvevwnbx Avevi KL‡bv gyw³‡hv×v‡ì mvd‡j¨ `yfv© ebvMÖ¯‭ nq| bvwRi
Avwj‡K gyw³‡hv×viv nZ¨v Ki‡e †R‡b wb‡Ri fwel¨r I ¯^v_©wP‰‭vq DwØM′ nq †m jwÊªi gvwjK
n‡Z Pvq, BgvgywÏ‡K KvR w`‡q m‰‧ó Ki‡Z Pvq| Zvi GB ¶z`ª ¯^v_©ciZv, ¯^c′ I mxgve×Zv
†jLK Mfxi Awfwb‡e‡k ch©‡e¶Y K‡i Dc¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb| ey‡j‡Ui Awek¦vm I m‡‱`ncÖeY
PvwiÎ¨‣ewkó¨ Ges e¨½cÖeY AvPiY †jL‡Ki `„wó Gwo‡q hvqwb| G M‡í hy‡×i cÖm½ evievi
G‡jI mvgwMÖK A‡_© †jL‡Ki j¶¨ cÖwZwµqvkxjZv| GB cÖwZwµqvkxjZvi fqvenZv ev
hy×‡k‡l weRqxi †e‡k wd‡i-Avmv †Q‡j‡ì D‪Q¡vm ¯^í K_vq g~Z© n‡q‡Q|
M‡í ey‡jU Pwi‡Îi bvgKiY †K․Z‚njÏxcK I Ø¨_©‡evaK| m`¨cÖm~Z m‰‭v‡bi cÖmªv‡ei
Zxeª Zx¶è MwZ cÖZ¨¶ K‡i BgvgywÏb m‰‭v‡bi bvg iv‡L Ôey‡jUÕ| ZvQvov hy‡× ey‡j‡Ui eûwea
eënvi jw¶Z nq| wkïKv‡j ey‡j‡Ui Kg©Kv‡Ê wKQy cÖZxqgvb bv-n‡jI †h․e‡b Zvi K_vi
ZxeªZv, K‡g©i ¯ú„nv, m‡e©vcwi cÖmªv‡ei ZxeªMwZ Zvi bvgKiY‡K mv_©K K‡i †Zv‡j| we‡klZ
M‡íi Dcv‡‰‭ D‡ëv cv-Iqvjv‡ì †bZv‡K hLb njy` cÖmªv‡ei avivq m′vZ I cÖwZnZ Kivi
†Póvq iZ nq ZLb bv‡gi gg©v_© h_vh_ nq| ¯^c′ I ¯^c′eqv‡bi GB Af~Zc~e© Mí ejvi
†K․kj Ô†LvqvebvgvÕi (1996) K_v me©v‡MÖ ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| Ô†LvqvebvgvÕ I ÔRvj ¯^c′,
¯^‡c′i RvjÕ Dfq †¶‡ÎB GKai‡Yi †køvK eënvi K‡i‡Qb †jLK| cÖm½Z G M‡íi
†køvKvsk GLv‡b D‡jøwLZ :
197
†Lvqv‡e ì‡e‡k †`wL †bwK ev‱`v Zvi|
†Lv`vi ìev‡i ïKzi K‡i †eïgvi \
†`wL‡Z Giv`v hw` nq cybivq|
wkI‡i evwjkLvwb Dj&Uvqv Nygvq \ (H, c„:52)
mn‡RB Aby‡gq, G M‡í eëüZ †køvK¸‡jv †jL‡Ki ¯^K…Z, cÖPwjZ †Kv‡bv †køvK
wZwb D×…Z K‡ibwb| M‡íi wkí‡K․k‡j A‡bK¸‡jv wel‡qi cÖwZ †jLK `„wó AvKl©Y K‡ib|
gyw³hy×, ivRvKvi‡ì AZ¨vPvi, wbwe©Pv‡i gvbyl nZ¨v, a″smhÁ, we‡ivaxkw³i cybi Ìvb I
mvgvwRK cÖwZôv, †`‡ki mvgwMÖK cwiw¯ wZ wbq‰¿‡Y ivRvKv‡ii f~wgKv, gyw³‡hv×v I knx`
cwiev‡ii `y`©kv cÖf„wZ welq PgrKvifv‡e Dc¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi gyw³hy×wfwËK Aci `ywU
Mí Ô†LuvqvwiÕ I ÔAcNvZÕ hy×Kvjxb I cieZ©x `y-GK eQ‡ii cwimxgvq Ave×| wK‰‧ ÔRvj
¯^c′, ¯^‡c′i RvjÕ M‡íi KvwjK e¨vwß hy×Kvj †_‡K cÖvq `yB hyM| ZvQvov Ô†LuvqvwiÕ‡Z miKvi
`‡ji ¯^v_©v‡‰^lxgn‡ji AivRKZv, ÔAcNv‡ZÕ gyw³‡hv×v‡ì gnvb g„Zz¨‡K †j․wKK
ms¯‥viekZ Acg„Zz¨ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i µ‡g †m `„wófw½i m`_©K cwieZ©b †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
ÔRvj ¯^c′, ¯^‡c′i Rv‡jÕ cÖ_g gyw³hy×we‡ivax Ackw³i cÖwZwµqvkxjZv e¨vL¨vZ n‡q‡Q|
†mKvi‡Y M‡íi bvgKiYI Zvrch©gwÊZ| †`kevmx ¯^c′ †`LZ †`k ¯^vaxb n‡j Ab′vfve-
e¯¿vfve cÖf„wZ `~i †Zv n‡eB, Dci‰‧ hLb hv PvIqv hv‡e ZvB cvIqv hv‡e| BgvgywÏ‡bi
AvKv‫¶‫‬vq Zv cÖKvwkZ :
Zviv bvwK bvR-¸‡jv¯‭vb me `Lj K‡i †b‡e, B‪Qvg‡Zv Qwe †`L‡e| ... ¸‡jv¯‭vb
†i÷z‡i‡‱U Xy‡K hv g‡b nq nq ZvB Lv‡e| ... Pz-wPb-†P․ †i÷z‡i‡‱U wejvwZ †evZj
me Ly‡j †Ìqv n‡e mevi R‡b¨| (H, c„:44)
wK‰‧ cÖwZwµqvkxj‡ì Ac‡K․k‡j gvby‡li †m mva webó nq| Ab¨w`‡K, fyj ¯^c′ Rv‡ji
g‡Zv K‡i Rwo‡q e¨w³Rxeb‡K AwZô K‡i †Zv‡j A_©vr ¯^c′ I ev¯‭‡ei gvLvgvwL‡Z ¯^‡c′i
Rvj Rxe‡bi Rv‡j Rwo‡q c‡o| iƒcKvkªqx ÔRvj ¯^c′, ¯^‡c′i RvjÕ MíwU †jL‡Ki
gyw³hy×wfwËK M‡íi g‡a¨ Abe`¨| gnvb gyw³hy‡×i ¸i Z¡ I †hv×v‡ì AvZ¥Z¨vM
†Kv‡bvfv‡e nxb bv-K‡i wZwb hy‡×i NUbv I cieZ©x ch©v‡qi •bivR¨ wb‡g©vn fw½‡Z cwiwgZ
cwim‡i mvgwMÖKfv‡e Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
gyw³hy× Avgv‡ì †PZbvRM‡Z Mfxi I e¨vcK Av‡jvob Zz‡j bZzb w`K-wb‡`©k‡Ki
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| m`_©K G f~wgKv •`wkK Rbgvb‡m †g․wjK cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbvi
Bw½Zevnx| Z‡e gyw³hy× nVvr K‡iB msNwUZ nqwb; `xN© avivevwnK Av‡‱`vj‡bi P~ov‰‭ iƒc|
1947 †_‡K 1971 Kvjc‡e© G‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi Ici PvwjZ AZ¨vPv‡ii wbMo †_‡K evOvwj
†ewi‡q Avm‡Z †P‡qwQj gyw³hy‡×i `xN© bq gv‡mi msMÖv‡gi ga¨ w`‡q| evOvwj ¯^vaxbZv
AR©b K‡i‡Q| wK‰‧ †h Avkv-AvKv‫¶‫‬v wb‡q evOvwji gyw³hy× Zv e¨_© n‡Z _v‡K µgvMZ|
d‡j ¯^vaxbZvi ci evsjv‡`‡ki Acivci mvwnwZ¨K‡ì mvwn‡Zï g‡Zv AvLZvi ¾vgvb
Bwjqv‡mi †QvUM‡íI gyw³hy× GKwU PwiÎiƒ‡c `Êvqgvb| Zuvi M‡í hy×Kvjxb cvwK¯‭vwb
evwnbxi MYnZ¨v, al©Y-nZ¨v, AgvbywlK wbh©vZb, jyÚb, a″smhÁ Aciw`‡K hy‡×vËi Aw¯ iZv,
198
•bivR¨-wek„‫‫‬Ljv-`Lj`vwiZ¡-jyUcvU, ¯^c′f½RwbZ †e`bv-nZvkv cÖf„wZ iƒcvwqZ n‡q‡Q wek¦¯‭
Zvi mv‡_| GK_v Ab¯^xKvh© Mí iPbvq Bwjqv‡mi welq cwiKíbv µgcwiYwZkxj|
gyw³hy‡×i cÖZ¨¶ NUbv msewjZ M‡í wZwb Pwi‡Îi BwZevPK cwiYwZ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|
gyw³hy‡×i c‡iv¶ NUbv msewjZ M‡í wZwb ¯§„wZPvi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q wee„Z K‡i‡Qb gyw³hy‡×i
NUbvewj| wK‰‧ hy‡×vËi mgKvjxb NUbvwP‡Îi cÖwZiƒc A¼‡b wZwb cÖKviv‰‭‡i ¯^vaxbZv-DËi
RxebmsMÖvg-Gi Nwbô wPÎ‡KB MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| Bwjqv‡mi M‡íi wmw× AR©‡bi g~jm~Î
GLv‡bB|
Z_¨m~Î :
1. AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, Ôevsjv †QvUMí wK g‡i hv‡‪QÕ, ms¯‥…wZi fvOv †mZz, bqv D‡`¨vM,
KjKvZv, 1997, c„:60
2. mi`vi Ave`ym mvËvi, K_vmvwnZ¨ mgx¶Y, eB cÖKvkbx, XvKv, 1997, c„:120
3. mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi, ÔAvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi †QvUMí : bZzb ¯î, myi I Av¯^v`Õ,
AvLZvi‚¾vgvb Bwjqvm ¯§viK MÖš’, mgxiY gRyg`vi m¤úvw`Z, Ag„Z‡jvK mvwnZ¨
cwil`, KjKvZv, 1997, c„:118
4. AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, ÔcÖwZ‡kvaÕ, Ab¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯î, Abb¨v, XvKv, 1976, c„:37
5. AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, Ôms¯‥…wZi fvOv †mZzÕ, ms¯‥…wZi fvOv †mZz, c~‡e©v³, c„:3
6. Avng` iwdK, evsjv‡`k : RvZxqZv I RvwZiv‡óªi mgm¨v, Abb¨v, XvKv, 2000, c„:153-
154
7. ms¯‥…wZi fvOv †mZz, ms¯‥…wZi fvOv †mZz, c~‡e©v³, c„:1
8. RvZxqZv I RvwZiv‡óªi mgm¨v, c~‡e©v³, c„:180
9. H, c„:184
10. AvRnvi Bmjvg, evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : welq-fvebv ¯îƒc I wkíg~j¨, evsjv GKv‡Wgx,
XvKv, 1996, c„:496
[ †jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, †iv‡Kqv wek¦we`¨vjq, iscyi| ]
199
cÖ e Ü
cÂv‡ki `k‡K evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí
L ›` Kv i gv n gy `y j nv mv b
evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvPxb BwZnvm wjwce× Kivi Lye eo m~Î nj cÖZ′-wb`k©b| Z‡e wjwLZ weeiYI
†bnv‡qr AcÖZzj bq| wLª÷c~e© Z…Zxq, kZ‡Ki gM‡ai †g․h©eskxq mgªvU A‡kv‡Ki GKwU
wkjv‡jL e¸ovi gnv¯ vbM‡o cvIqv †M‡Q| cieZ©xKv‡ji AviI A‡bK wjwLZ weeiY cvIqv
hvq bvbv RvqMv †_‡KB| mgvR-ms¯‥…wZ-BwZnv‡mi wbf©i‡hvM¨ eY©bv cvIqv hvq wjwLZ
weeiY †_‡K| Ggb weei‡Yi meB †h †`‡ki †fZi †_‡K cvIqv †M‡Q Zv bq, evB‡i †_‡KI
cvIqv †M‡Q| wKQy wKQy weei‡Y ivR‣bwZK I •elwqK Ges wKQy wKQy weei‡Y mvwn‡Zï mÜvb
†g‡j| cÖvPxb wjwLZ Drmmg~‡ni g‡a¨ LyeB ¸i Z¡c~Y© nj Ph©vc‡ì mvwnZ¨KxwZ©| nicÖmv`
kv¯¿xi †hvM¨Zvq D×vicÖvß GB mvwnZ¨-wb`k©b‡K evOvwji cÖvPxbZg mvwnZ¨KxwZ© e‡j gvbv
n‡‪Q| Z‡e Ph©vc‡ì hyM AwZµv‰‭ n‡q‡Q A‰‭Z nvRvi eQi Av‡MB| cieZ©x nvRvi eQ‡i
evsjv mvwnZ¨ GwM‡q‡Q eû`~i| wLª÷xq Î‡qv`k kZ‡Ki m~PbvKv‡j 1205 wLª÷v‡ãi w`‡K
evsjvi gymwjg kvmb cÖeZ©‡bi Av‡M ch©‰‭ evsjvi BwZnv‡mi cÖvPxb hy‡MI GB f~L‡Ê
mvwnZ¨PP©v n‡q‡Q Ges ejvB evûj¨, Ph©vc` evsjvmvwn‡Zï cÖvPxb hy‡Mi D¾¡jZg
mvwnZ¨KxwZ© wn‡m‡e wPwýZ| AvbygvwbK 1200 †_‡K 1800 wLª÷vã ch©‰‭ we¯‭…Z evsjv
mvwn‡Zï ga¨hyM‡K AwZ¸i Z¡c~Y©Kvj e‡j we‡ePbv Kiv m½Z| GB hy‡Mi eo‬ PÊx`v‡mi
kªxK…òKxZ©b, K…wËev‡mi ivgvqY, weRq¸‡ßi gbmvg½j, AvjvI‡ji cÙveZx cÖf„wZi L¨vwZi
K_v Avgiv Rvwb| Z‡e ga¨hy‡Mi †klcÖv‰‭ ch©‰‭ evsjv mvwnZ¨ wQj Kve¨wbf©i| 1765
wLª÷vã †_‡K evsjvq †Kv¤úvwb kvmb cÖewZ©Z nevi ci AvaywbK cvðvZ¨ mvwn‡Zï fveavivi
mv‡_ cwiP‡qi m~Î a‡i evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ AvaywbKZvi m~Pbv-m¤¢vebv e¨vcKZi nq| Z‡e
AvaywbK hy‡Mi m~Pbv Ebwesk kZ‡KB n‡qwQj Ges evsjv M‡`ï weKvkI AvaywbK c‡e©B
n‡qwQj| ZvB c„w_exi Zver mvwn‡Zï g‡ZvB Avgv‡ì mvwn‡ZïI Qov-KweZvi my`xN©Kvjxb
¸i Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv wQj Ges †g․wjK mvwn‡ZïI eo GKUv f~wgKv wQj|
evsjv Dcb¨vm, bvUK, cÖeÜ I †QvUMí Avgiv †c‡qwQ AvaywbK hy‡MB Ges Gi
weKvkce©wU cÖavbZ KjKvZv‡Kw‱`ªK| †mB c‡e©i †bZ…Z¡¯ vbxq cÖwZwbwa Ck¦iP‱`ª we`¨vmvMi,
A¶qKzgvi `Ë, gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë, ew¼gP‱`ª P‡Ævcva¨vq, iex‱`ªbv_ VvKzi cÖgLy | Z‡e
c~e©e‡½I mvwnZ¨PP©v n‡q‡Q Ges †QvUM‡í g~jëvb KvR n‡q‡Q| mvZPwjøk-c~e© GB Kv‡Ri
bgybv Avgiv cvB Ges mvZPwjøk-cieZ©x Zv cÖej avivq †eMevb n‡q‡Q|
G cÖm‡½ cÖMwZ †jLK ms‡Ni (1940 wLª.) Ab¨Zg D‡`¨v³v I evsjvi cÖ_g
cÖMwZkxj mvwnZ¨ m¼jb Ôµvw‰‭Õi cÖKvkK, 1942 wLª÷v‡ãi 8 gvP© XvKvi j²xevRv‡i wbnZ
200
MíKvi †mv‡gb P‱`Õi (1920-42) K_v ¸i ‡Z¡i mv‡_ D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq| e¯‧ev`x `k©‡b DØy×
GB D`vi Amv¤cÖ`vwqK MíKv‡ii ms‡e`bkxjZvi Qvc Zvi Rxebev`x M‡í cvIqv hvq|
Z‡e mvwnZ¨PP©vi ch©vß mgq wZwb cvbwb| g„Zzï ci Zvi cÖKvwkZ MÖ‡‰ i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q :
Ôms‡KZ I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ (1943 wLª.), Ôeb¯úwZ I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ (1944 wLª.) Ô†mv‡gb P‡‱ì
Mí¸‪QÕ (1973 wLª.)|
cÂv‡ki `kK †_‡KB evsjv‡`‡k †QvUM‡íi PP©v e¨vcKZi n‡qwQj| mvwn‡Zï
Ab¨vb¨ kvLvi g‡ZvB G‡¶‡ÎI AvaywbKZv I D`vi `„wófw½i AMÖhvÎv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K| GB
`k‡K c~e©e‡½ †QvUMí iPbv K‡i evsjv mvwnZ¨‡K hviv we‡klfv‡e mg„× K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì
g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb •mq` IqvjxDjøvn& (1922-71 wLª.)| ev¯‭eev`x `„wófw½ w`‡q Rxe‡bi
Mfxi A‰‭‡j©vK `k©b cÖqv‡mi Kvi‡Y wZwb ¯§iYxq| we‡klfv‡e D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Zvi ÔbqbPvivÕ
(1951 wLª.) I Ô`yB ZxiÕ (1965 wLª.)| Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †P․ayixi K_vI G cÖm‡½ we‡klfv‡e
D‡jøL Kiv hvq| cieZ©xKv‡j ivR‣bwZK we‡kølK, mvsevw`KZv I Kjvg †jLK wn‡m‡e wZwb
†ewk cwiwPwZ †c‡jI GK_v nq‡Zv A‡b‡KB fy‡j †M‡Qb †h, 1967 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb †QvUM‡í
Ae`v‡bi R‡b¨ evsjv GKv‡Wgx mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‥vi †c‡qwQ‡jb Ges Ô†gNbvÕ bv‡g GKwU mvwnZ¨
cwÎKv wZwb cÂv‡ki `k‡K m¤úv`bv Ki‡Zb| IB `k‡KB 1959 wLª÷v‡ã Zvi ÔK…òc¶Õ I
Ômgªv‡Ui QweÕ bv‡gi `y‡Uv MíMÖ‰  †ei nq Ges 1960 wLª÷v‡ã †ei nq Ômy‱ì †n my‱ìÕ|
MÖvgxY Rxe‡b `vwi‡`ªï KlvNvZ I ag©vÜZvi cÖve‡jï wPÎ Zvi ÔDËiYÕ, Ô`yB kwiKÕ cÖf„wZ
M‡í dz‡U D‡V‡Q| †QvUMí iPbv Ae¨vnZ ivL‡j evsjv mvwnZ¨ Zvi KvQ †_‡K AviI A‡bK
wKQy †c‡Z cviZ e‡j g‡b nq|
cÂv‡ki `k‡KB kw³gvb MíKvi wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri D¾¡j Dcw¯ wZ wbwðZ K‡iwQ‡jb
cieZ©xKv‡ji weL¨vZ Jcb¨vwmK I Kwe AvjvDwÏb Avj-AvRv`| MÖvgxY mgvR †_‡K D‡V
Avmv GB AmvaviY mvwnZ¨mªóv m′vZK (m¤§vb) †kªwYi QvÎve¯ v‡ZB wZbwU MíMÖ‰  wj‡L
†d‡jb| †m¸‡jv wQj Ô†R‡M AvwQÕ (1950 wLª.), ÔavbKb¨vÕ (1951 wLª.) I Ôg„MbvwfÕ (1953
wLª.)| GQvovI 1958-†Z †ei nq ÔAÜKvi wmuwoÕ, 1962-†Z †ei nq ÔÁvbZi½Õ, 1967-†Z
†ei nq ÔhLb •mKZÕ, 1977-†Z †ei nq ÔAvgvi i³ ¯^c′ AvgviÕ, 1988-†Z †ei nq ÔRxeb
RwgbÕ| evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY Rxe‡b †h wbLyuZ Qwe Zvi M‡í Avgiv cvB, Zv wZwb wbR
cvwicvwk¦©KZv I Rxeb †_‡KB †hb †c‡q‡Qb| ZvB Zvi m„ó PwiÎ¸‡jv‡K Av‡ivwcZ e‡j g‡b
nq bv| MÖvg¨ `jv`wj, KzwUjZv, ag©vÜZvi wei ‡× gvbweK †cÖ‡gi `vwe G m‡ei Qwe Avgiv
cvB ÔmyigvÕ (ÔavbKb¨vÕ MÖ‡‰  A‰‭f©³ y ), Ôm„wóÕ (Ô†R‡M AvwQÕ MÖ‡‰  A‰‭f©³
y ) cÖf„wZ M‡í|
Rxeb‡K Mfxifv‡e ch©‡e¶‡Yi †h m~²`„wói cwiPq Avgiv Zvi cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki GKvwaK
M‡í †`‡LwQ Zv cieZ©xKv‡j AviI ¯úófv‡e Ges e¨vcK PwiÎ wPÎ‡Yi gva¨‡g Zvi
Dcb¨vm¸‡jv‡Z Dcw¯ Z n‡Z †`wL| cieZ©xKv‡ji AwaKZi cwic° m„wóm¤¢vi m‡Ë¡I wK‰‧
Zvi cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡Ki †QvUMí‡K ¤øvb K‡i †`q bv|
cÂv‡ki `k‡KB Avgiv †ewk wKQy cÖwZfvev‡bi RxebNwbô Mí cvB| MíKvi
gvngy`yj nK-Gi cÖwZfvù‚iY cÂv‡ki `k‡KB n‡qwQj| †QvU‡ì R‡bÏ wZwb wj‡L‡Qb
A‡bK¸‡jv Mí| 1955 wLª÷v‡ãi ÔkvnxbÕ cwÎKvq Qvcv n‡qwQj ÔLuvPv fvOvi MíÕ,
Ô†KvwK‡ji Kvb′vÕ, ÔeY©‡PvivÕ cÖf„wZ Mí| gvneye-Dj-Avjg (1898-1981 wLª.)-Gi M‡íi eB
ÔcÂ Ab′Õ 1953 wLª÷v‡ã cÖKvwkZ n‡q L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQj| Zv‡e K_vmvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡e
Pwjø‡ki `kK †_‡KB Ôcëb Rxe‡bi ¯§„wZÕ, 1946 wLª÷v‡ã cÖKvwkZ ÔZvwRqvÕ I ÔgwdRbÕ
201
Zv‡K Rxebwkíxi gh©v`v G‡b w`‡qwQj| ig¨ iPbvq Zvi cvi`wk©Zvi cwiPq wg‡jwQj 1953
wLª÷v‡ã cÖKvwkZ Ô†Muvd m‡‱`kÕ-G| Z‡e ÔcÂ Ab′Õ c~e©e‡½ †QvUM‡íi aviv m„wó‡Z AMÖYx
f~wgKv †i‡LwQj|
hv‡ì †QvUM‡í cÖMwZkxj `„wófw½ †ek ¯úó wQj Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Rwni ivqnvb (1953-
72) Ab¨Zg| cÖm½Z, Zvi Ôm~h©MÖnYÕ (1955 wLª.) MíMÖ‡‰ i K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq| cÂv‡ki
`k‡K cyi‡bv XvKvq Pjw‪PÎ-mvwnZ¨ welqK gvwmK cwÎKv Ôwm‡bgvÕ‡K (m¤úv`K : dRjyj
nK) †K‱`ª K‡i mvwn‡Zï AvÇv emZ| ÔAMZ¨vÕ, ÔgyKvZÕmn mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv I •`wbK-
mvßvwnK cwÎKv¸‡jv‡K †K‱`ª K‡iI mvwnwZ¨K‡ì Rgv‡qZ nZ| Gme AvÇvq MíKvi‡ì
AskMÖnY wbqwgZ wQj| Ôwm‡bgvÕi AvÇvq wbqwgZ AskMÖnY Ki‡Zb Rwni ivqnvb, Avnmvb
nvexe, iv‡eqv LvZzb, wgbv Ave`yj nvB cÖgLy | Giv mK‡jB evsjv M‡`¨ we‡kl Ae`vb
†i‡L‡Qb| iv‡eqv LvZzb GLbI ch©‰‭ ågYKvwnbx, Mí I Dcb¨vm wj‡L hv‡‪Qb| Avnmvb
nvexeI my`xN©Kvj ch©‰‭ KweZv-Dcb¨vm wj‡L‡Qb| G‡ì g‡a¨ †QvUM‡íi PP©v K‡i cieZ©x‡Z
we‡klfv‡e L¨vwZ †c‡qwQ‡jb Ô†g‡niRv‡bi gvÕ M‡íi †jLK wgR©v Ave`yj nvB (1919-48)|
Ø‱ØgyLi e¨w³gvbm I wefvM-cieZ©x c~e©e‡½i Rbgvbm m~²fv‡e Ae‡jvK‡b, †hvM¨Zvi
cwiPq †g‡j Zvi m„wó †QvUM‡í|
cÂv‡ki `k‡KB eÂbvi †eva evOvwji g‡b `vbv euva‡Z ïi  K‡iwQj Ges D`vi,
Amv¤cÖ`vwqK I cÖMwZkxj `„wófw½ mvwnZ¨gb¯‥ hyemgvR‡K AvK…ó K‡iwQj| ag©vÜZv,
Kzms¯‥vi I †kªwY‡kvl‡Yi wei ‡× †ek ¯úó e³e¨ Avm‡Z ïi  K‡iwQj A‡bK M‡í| Avevi
we`ªƒ‡ci KlvNv‡Z gy‡Lvkavix‡ì bM′ K‡i w`‡ZI Rywo wQj bv A‡bK M‡íi| GB avivi
cy‡ivav wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv P‡j ivRbxwZK, Jcb¨vwmK, MíKvi Aveyj gbmyi Avng`‡K
(1898-1979)| MíKvi wn‡m‡e wÎ‡ki `k‡KB wZwb L¨vwZ †c‡qwQ‡jb| 1935-G ÔAvqbvÕ
hLb †ei nj ZLb †mUv †evgv dvUvi g‡Zv e¨vcvi| ÔdzW Kbdv‡iÝÕ †ei nj 1944-G| GB
eB¸‡jvi AmvaviY we`ªƒcmg„× Mí¸‡jv c‡obwb Ggb mvwnZ¨‡ev×v †eva Kwi G‡`‡k †bB|
1959-G cÖKvwkZ Zvi ÔMvwjfvi mdibvgvÕi K_v cÖm½Z D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
cÂv‡ki `k‡K XvKv‡Kw‱`ªK mvwnZävivi weKvkKv‡j †QvUMí †bnv‡qZ Kg iwPZ
nqwb| GB `k‡K Avwef~©Z n‡qwQ‡jb GKSuvK MíKvi| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB wQ‡jb
kw³gvb| cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨ wQ‡jb AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, gweb D`-`xb
Avng`, gC`-Di-ingvb, kIKZ Imgvb, mi`vi R‡qb-D`&`xb, Ave`yj Mvddvi †P․ayix,
•mq` †gvnv¤§` nv‡mg, Avdivd-DR-Rvgvb, wgb′vZ Avjx, mvBqx` AvwZKzjøvn&, kv‡n` Avjx,
Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏxb, Ave`yj nvB gvk‡iKx, gwZDj Bmjvg, KvRx Avdmvi DwÏb, BmnvK
†evLvix, b~i b bvnvi, Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyÏxb, b~i Dj Avjg, †Ìqvb †gvnv¤§` AvRid,
AvwRRyj nvwKg, •mq` Ave`ym myjZvb, AvdRvj †nv‡mb, ghnvi j Bmjvg, ivwRqv gvneye,
knx` mv‡ei, •mq` kvgmyj nK, AvwRR-Di-ingvb, b~i Dj Avjg, •mq` gKmy` Avjx, †gv.
gZjyeyi ingvb, Iwn`yj Avjg, kvgmyj û`v †P․ayix, Gg kvgmyj nK, Rvnv½xi Lv‡j`, dwi`
DwÏb Avn‡g`, knx`yjøvn&-mvw`qv mvC`, Avkivd wmwÏKx cÖgLy D‡jøL‡hvM¨| G‡ì
†ewkifvMB Avcb †hvM¨Zvq L¨vwZ AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| cÂv‡ki `k‡KB A‡bK¸‡jv MíMÖ‰ 
cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| 1953 wLª÷v‡ã kv‡n` Avjx ÔwReªvB‡ji WvbvÕ wj‡LwQ‡jb| 1952-†Z
mi`vi R‡qbD`&`xb wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔbqvbXyjxÕ| Ave`yj nvB gvk‡iKx 1954-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb
ÔKzjmygÕ| Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyÏxb 1953-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb Ôgdt¯^j msev`Õ| Avkivd wmwÏKx
202
1956-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb Ôiv‡eqv AvcvÕ| gRnvi j Bmjvg 1959-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔZvjZgvjÕ|
ivwRqv gvneye 1958-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔLvcQvovÕ| †gvweb DwÏb Avng` 1952-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb
Ô†nv‡mb evwoi eDÕ| KvRx Avdmvi DwÏb 1953-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔKvjbvwMbxÕ| †Ìqvb
†gvnv¤§` AvRid 1959-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔbZzb m~h©Õ| Avkivd-DR-Rvgvb 1952-†Z
wj‡LwQ‡jb Ô†Lqv †b․Kvi gvwSÕ| Iwn`yj Avjg 1950-G wj‡LwQ‡jb Ô†Rvnivi cÖZx¶vÕ|
•mq` Ave`ym myjZvb 1951-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔmeyR KvwnbxÕ| gwZDj Bmjvg 1952-†Z
wj‡LwQ‡jb Ôwèv I ivwÎÕ| knx` mv‡ei 1955-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔGK UzK‡iv †gNÕ| gC` Di
ingvb 1958-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb Ôgq~‡ii cvÕ| AvwRR-Di-ingvb 1957-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb
Ô¯^vwc′KÕ| kvgmyj û`v †P․ayix 1957-†Z wj‡LwQ‡jb Ôgq~LÕ| Rvnv½xi Lv‡j` 1957-†Z
wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔGK UzK‡iv nvwmÕ| GKB eQ‡i dwi` DwÏb Avn‡g` wj‡LwQ‡jb Ôc_fy‡jÕ|
GB ZvwjKv AviI `xN©| RxebNwbô Mí †h cÂv‡ki `k‡K A‡bK †jLv n‡qwQj Zvi
bgybv G¸‡jv‡Z cvIqv hvq| Z‡e cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨ Avjv`v ¸i Z¡ w`‡q
D‡jøL Ki‡Z nq Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmyÏxb, kv‡n` Avjx, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, •mq`
kvgmyj nK, Avkivd wmwÏKx, gC`-Di- ingvb cÖg‡y Li bvg Ges we‡klfv‡e kIKZ
Imgv‡bi bvg| Zvi GKvwaK iPbv KvjRqx m„wó e‡j we‡ewPZ nevi †hvM¨| cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki
G‡Kev‡i ïi ‡Z 1950 wLª÷v‡ã †ewi‡qwQj Zuvi MíMÖ‰  ÔwcuRiv‡cvjÕ| 1952-†Z †ewi‡qwQj
ÔRyby Avcv I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ| 1953-†Z †ewi‡qwQj Ômv‡eK KvwnbxÕ| 1959-G †ewi‡qwQj
ÔDfqk„½Õ| Zvi Ômv‡eK KvwnbxÕi Õ†gv‡RRvÕ M‡í ag©vÜZvi wei ‡× †h my¯úó e³e¨
Dc¯ vwcZ n‡qwQj Zv cÖZ¨¶fv‡e ag©eëmvqx‡ì PwiÎ D‡b¥vwPZ Ki‡jI c‡iv¶fv‡e
AÜwek¦vm‡K AvNvZ K‡iwQj| ivRbxwZ‡Z a‡g©i eënv‡ii †cQ‡b †h KcUZv jywK‡q _v‡K
Zv-I wZwb a~Z© ivRbxwZwe‡ì PwiÎwPÎ‡Yi gva¨‡g dzwU‡q Zz‡jwQ‡jb| GKB MÖ‡‰ i
Ô†LvIqveÕ M‡íI ag©eëmvqx‡ì A‱ìgn‡ji wecixZ wPÎ dzwU‡q Zz‡jwQ‡jb MíKvi| Zvi
ÔbZzb Rb¥Õ MíwU ÔRyby Avcv I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ MÖ‡‰  mwb′‡ewkZ n‡qwQj| Gi g~j welq b`xfvOb
KewjZ Amnvq gvby‡li KwVb msMÖvg| Z‡e †mB 1952-†ZB miKvwi wbq‰¿Yh‡‰¿i i‡Ü« i‡Ü«
AbycÖ‡ekKvix Avw_©K `yb©xwZiI GKwU wPÎ G‡Z Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB| †gvU K_v ag©vÜZv,
MÖvgxY Rxe‡b mgm¨v-m¼U, `yb©xwZi we¯‭vi Gm‡ei wkím¤§Z iƒcvqY Avgiv kIKZ Imgv‡bi
cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki M‡í †`L‡Z cvB|
cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki †QvUM‡í Avgiv Rxe‡bi †Quvqv cvB| †h‡nZz c~e©e‡½ ZLbI
e¨vcKfv‡e bMivqb nqwb, ZvB bvMwiK mgm¨vewj AvR‡Ki w`‡bi g‡Zv cÖKU wQj bv|
Kv‡RB MÖvgRxe‡bi wPÎB cÖavbZ cÂvk `k‡Ki M‡í Avgiv cvB| Z‡e me Mí gv‡bvËxY©
nqwb Ges me¸‡jv‡ZB `¶Zvi mv‡_ RxebwPÎ dz‡U I‡Vwb| ZvQvov evsjv mvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg
GKwU †K‱`ª wn‡m‡e c~e©e‡½i XvKv ZLb m‡e M‡o D‡VwQj| ZvB c~e©-HwZ‡nï mv‡_
mswkøóZvUv A‡bK †ewk ¯úó wQj| GB `k‡Ki ïi i w`‡K msNwUZ n‡qwQj fvlv
Av‡‱`vj‡bi g‡Zv AwZ¸i Z¡c~Y© NUbv| evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ I mgv‡R GB Av‡‱`vj‡bi
¸i Z¡ my`~icÖmvix| GB Av‡‱`vjb evOvwj‡K ¯^vZ‰¿¨‡ev‡a, AwaKvi-m‡PZbZv Ges P~ov‰‭
wePv‡i †kªwY-m‡PZbZvi w`‡KI GwM‡q w`‡qwQj| Z‡e Gi cÖv_wgK djvdj wQj D`vi-
Amv¤cÖ`vwqK evOvwj RvZxqZvev`x †PZbvi D‡b¥l, hvi evwn¨K cÖKvk wQj BnRvMwZK I
mve©RbxbZvi †fZi w`‡q| †MvUv mgvR‡KB cÖejfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj GB Av‡‱`vjb|
mvwnZ¨-ms¯‥…wZ †¶‡ÎI RxebNwbôZv‡K AviI †ewk ¯úó Ki‡Z †cÖiYv RywM‡qwQj GB
203
Av‡‱`vjb| Gi djvdj cieZ©xKv‡ji mvwn‡ZÏ ¯úó I ¯ vqx n‡q‡Q| Z‡e fvlv Av‡‱`vjb
G‡Kev‡i cÖZ¨¶fv‡eI mvwn‡Z¨ G‡m‡Q| fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi c‡ii eQi A_©vr 1953-†Z
GKz‡ki m¼jb †ei n‡qwQj Zv‡Z Avgiv GB Av‡‱`vjbwfwËK Mí cvB| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ wQj
Avwbmy¾vgv‡bi Ô`„wóÕ, kIKZ Imgv‡bi Ô†g․b bqÕ Ges mvBwq` AvwZKzjøvni ÔnvwmÕ|
GQvovI 1955 wLª÷v‡ã cÖKvwkZ mi`vi R‡qb D`&`xb-Gi ÔLi‡mªvZÕ, 1957-†Z cÖKvwkZ
b~i Dj Avj‡gi ÔGKv‡ji iƒcK_vÕ, I gC`-Di-ingv‡bi ÔwmuwoÕi K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq|
fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi c_ †e‡q cieZ©x‡Z cvwK¯‭v‡bi Jcwb‡ewkK I mvgwiK •¯îZ‰¿x kvm‡bi
wei ‡× Av‡‱`vjb-msMÖvg n‡q‡Q| Gi †kl c‡e© EbmË‡ii AvBq~ewe‡ivax MYAfy¨Ìvb n‡q‡Q
Ges me‡k‡l n‡q‡Q 1971-G gnvb gyw³hy×| ivRbxwZi g‡ZvB mvwnZ¨‡¶‡ÎI GB
Av‡‱`vj‡bi cÖfve Avgiv cÖ¨Z¶ Ki‡Z ïi  Kwi 1953-i GKz‡ki m¼j‡b| GB m¼jb
cÖKv‡ki aviv cieZ©x‡ZI Ae¨vnZ _v‡K Ges Zv‡Z fvlv Av‡‱`vjb welqK MíI cÖKvwkZ
n‡Z _v‡K| ivRbxwZi g‡ZvB mvwnZ¨‡¶‡ÎI GB Av‡‱`vjb D`vi-Amv¤cÖ`vwqK `„wófw½i †h
cÖmvi NUv‡Z †c‡iwQj Zvi cÖgvY cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki D‡jøwLZ Mí¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv cvB| LyeB
Avkv I Avb‡‱ì K_v, GB avivB cieZ©x‡Z Avgv‡ì †QvUMí Z_v mvwn‡Z¨ ¯ vqx n‡q‡Q|
wbe©vwPZ m~Îwb‡`©k:
1. ¸wcP‡‱`ªi mb′¨vm Aveyj Kvjvg †gvnv¤§` hvKvwiqv| 1974

2. cÖ_g evsjv‡`k †Kvl L‱`Kvi gvngy`j y nvmvb| 2006
3. evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : Rxeb I mgvR (1950-1972)‭†gvnv¤§` Rvwn` †nv‡mb| 1997
4. evsjv GKv‡Wgx PwiZvwfavb| 1997
5. evsjv GKv‡Wgx †jLK Awfavb| 2008
6. XvKv‡Kw‱`ªK mvwnZ¨ avivi BwZe„Ë L‱`Kvi gvngy`yj nvmvb| mvßvwnK 2000| el©ïi 
msL¨v| 14 †g, 2010
7. evsjv fvlvq gymwjg †jLK-MÖ‰ cwÄ †gv. Ave`yi iv¾vK| 1988
8. nviv‡bv w`‡bi cwÎKv L‱`Kvi gvngy`yj nvmvb| 2011
[Drm : •ÎgvwmK Ôc_‡iLvÕ| PZz`©k el©, 3q I 4_© msL¨v, KvwZ©K-•PÎ 1417]
[ †jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| †ckvq: e¨vsKvi| ]
204
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí: lv‡Ui •Øi_
cÖ kv š— g„ av
•mq` IqvjxDjøvn&Õi RxerKv‡j cÖKvwkZ wZbwU Dcb¨v‡mi †kl `y‡Uv †ei nq lv‡Ui `k‡Ki
gvSvgvwS I †kl w`‡K| Puv‡ì Agvem¨vi cÖ_g ms¯‥iY 1964, Kuv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`vi 1968|
G mgq Kg©m~‡Î wZwb d«vÝ-cÖevmx| nvmvb AvwRRyj nK G `y‡Uv Dcb¨v‡mi A‰‭RM© r m¤ú‡K©
GKwU †gv¶g evK¨ wj‡L‡Qb, ÔPuv‡ì Agvem¨v ev Kuv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`v we‡`‡k e‡m k³ Kj‡g
AmvaviY evsjv fvlvq †jLv BD‡ivcxq Dcb¨vm|Õ Ô`y®úvV¨ Ki‡iLv : Avgv‡ì K_vmvwnZ¨Õ
wk‡ivbv‡g Avgv‡ì K_vmvwnZ¨‡K `y®úvV¨ Ki‡iLvi m‡½ Zzjbv Ki‡jI nvmvb AvwRRyj
n‡Ki †PvL cvKv †R¨vwZlxi| 1978-G †jLv GB cÖe‡Ü A_ev 1974-G Ô`yB hy‡Mi †`k
gvby‡li K_vÕq evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Zï Ges †`kfv‡Mi Av‡Mi I c‡ii cÖeYZv¸‡jv‡K wPwýZ
K‡i‡Qb Zuvi mnRvZ hyw³ I wePv‡i| †Kv_vI †d‡U c‡o‡Qb nZvkv-†gkv‡bv we`ªƒ‡c| Gw`‡K
•mq` IqvjxDjøvn& m¤ú‡K© IB ev‡Kï mnR Pjb †g‡b wb‡Z c‡njv ev‡av-ev‡avB †V‡K|
GKUz Av‡M IqvjxDjøvn& m¤ú‡K© Zuvi Zxeª g~j¨vqb m‡Ë¡I †PvL AvU‡K hvq, ÔGB Dcb¨vm `y‡Uv
wj‡L IqvjxDjøvn& wbtm‡‱`‡n Avgv‡ì K_vmvwn‡Zï Hk¦h© e„w× K‡i‡Qb, fvlvq G‡b‡Qb
AKíbxq avi, Zuvi wbivmw³ cÖvq Ck¦‡ii g‡ZvB A_©vr k~b¨Zvi RqMvb| wK‰‧ †kl ch©‰ ‭ wZwb
Avi evsjv‡`k I evOvwji Jcb¨vwmK _v‡Kb bv| g‡bvfv‡eB bq ïay, Dcb¨v‡mi ¯ ~j kix‡iI
cÖweó n‡q NUvq we‡`wk Dcw¯ wZ|Õ1
evsjv K_vmvwn‡Zï †kªô GK †jL‡Ki mvwnwZ¨K-Rxe‡bi `y‡Uv `k‡Ki cÖeYZv
wgwj‡q †`Lvi B‡‪Q †_‡K lv‡Ui civµgx nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki we‡ePbv‡K cÖ‡qvR‡bB
mvg‡b Avbv| Pwjø‡ki IqvjxDjøvn&Õi MÖíMÖ‰  bqbPviv (1944) I Dcb¨vm jvjmvjy (1948)
†_‡K IB `y‡Uv Dcb¨v‡mi w`‡K DËi‡Y †h RwUj (A‰‭Z) `yB gyLx cÖeYZvq Avgv‡ì lv‡Ui
K_vmvwn‡Zï Av‡qvRb wbg©vY Avi AwfhvÎv Zvi GK w`kv wn‡m‡e| G‡Z M‰‭e¨‡K †gvUvgywU
wbwðZ K‡i wb‡ZI myweav n‡q‡Q| lv‡U IqvjxDjøvn& Avi Zi Y K_vmvwnwZ¨K bb, hZUv
lv‡UB Av‡M-cv‡Q Avwef~©Z nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, gvngy`yj nK, wiwRqv
ingvb, nvmbvZ Ave`yj nvB, ivnvZ Lvb, ikx` nvq`vi, kv‡Ki †P․ayix, AvLZvi ¾vgvb
Bwjqvm, Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq`, Avng` Qdv, myeªZ eo‬qv, †mwjbv †nv‡mb, Kv‡qm Avn‡g`
cÖgLy | lv‡Ui K_vmvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì GZw`‡bi †h cvV I aviYv Zv‡K ¯^xK…wZ Avi
¯^xK…wZgq A¯^xK…wZ wgwj‡q †hfv‡e †`Lv †nvK bv †Kb, IB lvU mvj †_‡K hw` awi Zvn‡j
GB mv‡o Pvi `kK DwR‡q mvwn‡Zï AviI wZbwU cÖRb¥‡K g‡b †i‡L G ch©‰ ‭ lv‡Ui
†jLKivB Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Z¨ †i‡L‡Qb †kªô K…Zxi ¯^v¶i| cvk †_‡K GK Uv‡b mvg‡b wb‡q
Avmv hvq Pwjøk-cÂv‡k •mq` IqvjxDjøvn& I kIKZ Imgv‡bi Jcb¨vwmK K…wZZ¡, kvgmyi
ivngvb, Avj gvngy`mn AviI KviI-KviI KweK…Zx Avi bvU¨Kvi •mq` kvgmyj n‡Ki bvg|
GLv‡b `kKfi GKK ¶gZvi Zi-Zg wbY©‡qi †Póv A_ev cÖeYZv¸‡jv‡K †KvbI †jL‡Ki
205
AR©‡bi Ici AwfNvZ wn‡m‡e †`Lv‡bvI D‡Ïk¨ bq| eis KLbI-KLbI ¶gZvev‡bi GKK
cÖeYZv †MvUv cÖR‡‰§ †h Qvc †d‡j‡Q, Zv-I ey‡S †bqvi †Póv| G R‡b¨B Pwjø‡ki †Mvovi
†jLK •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&Õi lv‡Ui cÖeYZv‡K ga¨ mË‡i lv‡Ui-†jLK nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki
Kj‡gi gyL †_‡K avi wb‡q GB iPbvi mvg‡b G‡Mv‡Z mnvqZv †bqv n‡q‡Q| †`kfv‡Mi gy‡L
†jLv GK‡gevwØZxqg& jvjmvjy mg¯‭ wew‪Qb′Zvmn mgv‡jvP‡Ki Kj‡g Aw¯‭Z¡ev‡ì K_v DM‡i
DV‡jI BD‡ivcxq e‡j g‡b nq bv; Zv mvg‰‭ K…wlRxweZviB a″¯‭ GK iƒc, †h KvVv‡gvi
e¨_©ZvqB gwR‡ì D ¢e| †h cUf~wgKvi f~‡Mvj I †`kKvj wgwj‡q Zi Y Jcb¨vwm‡Ki
¶gZv‡K we¯§„Z nIqv P‡j bv †KvbIfv‡e| GiB gvÎ †ò hyM ev‡` †mB †jL‡Ki Kjg †Zv
e‡UB, e¨wZµgwfb′, Zi YZi †jLK cÖvq meviB Kj‡gi gyL Kx mn‡R cÖvq ÔBD‡ivcxqÕ
cUf~wg I Kvwnbxi Av`‡j evsjv Kvwnbx †jLvi R‡b¨ Ly‡j †Mj! Avi IB Kjg¸‡jvi gyL
†_‡K GZ Kvwj Sij cÖvq GKwU `kKfi †h †mB AmvaviY AwfhvÎvq Mvp `vM n‡q _vKj
†m-cÖeYZv| G R‡b¨B IqvjxDjøvn&‡K w`‡q GB iPbvi ïi | GLv‡b Avgv‡ì ïay †Lqvj
ivL‡Z n‡‪Q nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki GB `y‡Uv g‰‭e¨ : GK. ÔPuv‡ì Agvem¨v ev Kuv‡`v b`x
Kuv‡`v we‡`‡k e‡m k³ Kj‡g A mv av i Y evsjv fvlvq †jLv BD‡ivcxq Dcb¨vm|Õ `yB.
Ô†kl ch©‰‭ wZwb Avi evsjv‡`k I evOvwji Jcb¨vwmK _v‡Kb bv| g‡bvfv‡eB bq ïay,
Dcb¨v‡mi ¯ ~j kix‡iI cÖweó n‡q NUvq we‡`wk Dcw¯ wZ|Õ
Kv‡i ejv hvq lv‡Ui `kK? mb-ZvwiL a‡i Gcvk-Icvk wgwj‡q 1959-Gi GKwÎ‡k
wW‡m¤^‡ii c‡i AvMZ †h †KvbIw`b hv EbmË‡ii MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi wfZi w`‡q mËi n‡q
GKvË‡ii c‡_ gyw³hy‡×i w`‡K P‡j †M‡Q| GK ev‡K¨ GUzKz e‡j lv‡Ui `kK‡K †gvUv `v‡M
wPwýZ Kiv hvq e‡U, wK‰‧ Zv‡Z ïay K_vmvwnwZ¨K cÖeYZv †Kb, †KvbI wKQyB aiv c‡o bv|
Avevi meB †Zv aiv _v‡K mg‡qi gv‡c| KvM‡R-Kj‡g wgwj‡q †`L‡j Pwjø‡ki `k‡Ki †kl
†_‡K Gi ïi i dvivKI †gv‡U eQi ev‡ivi| GKUz Nvo Nywi‡q wcQ‡b ZvKv‡j †`kfv‡Mi Nv
ZLb KviI KviI g‡b G‡Kev‡iB UvUKv| †KD-†KD Gcv‡k-Icv‡k `y RvqMv‡ZB ZLbI
DØv¯‧| ¯^vaxbZvi bv‡g ÔSzUv AvRvw`Õ‡Z fyLv jv‡Lv Bbmv‡bi Kv‡Q Zv †KvbI Zvrch©I enb
K‡i bv| Gi Dj‡Uv w`KI Av‡Q| GB Ô¯^vaxbZvÕ KviI-KviI R‡b¨ AwgZ m¤¢vebvi KcvU
Ly‡j w`‡qwQj! mv¤cÖwZK BwZnvm-iPwqZviv †`kfv‡Mi A_©‣bwZK †kªwYPwi‡Îi Ggb wn‡me
†`b †h Zv‡Z Lye a‡g©i ZK&gvq NUv GB e`‡j Kvi †Kvb& †Kvb& gv‡c DcKvi n‡q‡Q Zv †ek
ey‡S †bqv hvq| Iw`‡K AcKvi ev ¶wZi K_v ej‡Z ej‡Z wRn″v †fuvZv n‡q‡Q eûevi|
d‡j, evsjvi cy‡ei cvwK¯‭vwb f~L‡Êi mvwn‡Z¨ ÔcvwK¯‭vb cvwK¯‭vbÕ wRwKiI evqvb′Õi
GKz‡k †deª qvwii Av‡M ch©‰‭ cÖvq †KvbI AwfNvZI m„wó K‡iwb|2 evqvb′Õi c‡i †h ÔAvaywbKÕ
Dcb¨vm iwPZ n‡q‡Q Zv GK A‡_© KjKvZvi wZwiwk Dcb¨v‡mi XvKvB ms¯‥iY| A_©vr,
jvjmvjy ev m~h-© `xNj evoxi c‡i cÂv‡ki †jLK ikx` Kixg, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv` ev
•mq` kvgmyj n‡Ki nv‡Z †h Dcb¨vm¸‡jv lv‡U †cu․Qv‡bvi Av‡M wjwLZ n‡q‡Q †mLv‡bB
cÖ_g c~e© cvwK¯‭vb ev c~e©e‡½i Dcb¨v‡m BD‡ivcxq Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM N‡U| G wel‡q wZwiwk
KweZvi ÔAvaywbKZvÕi m‡½ wZwiwk Dcb¨v‡mi ms‡hvM‡K GKLv‡b Kiv hv‡e bv| KweZv‡K
RMØ¨vcx hZcÖKvi ZvwË¡K e¨vL¨vq hy³ Kiv hvq, evsjv Dcb¨v‡m AvRI †m my‡hvM Kg|
Avevi cvVK P‡jb Dj‡Uv gy‡L| wZwiwk ÔAvaywbKÕ Dcb¨vm cÖvq GK `k‡Ki wfZ‡i †h cvVK
†c‡q‡Q KweZv GK-Avaevi e¨wZµg ev‡` AvRI cvqwb| KweZv I K_vmvwn‡Zï ÔAvaywbKÕ
n‡q IVvi GB †Nvi AvRI evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ GK inm¨gq we¯§q| fve‡j, Gw`K-Iw`K wgwj‡q
206
A‡bKLvwbK mgq †m-†Nvi Kv‡UI bv| wK‰‧ IB mw¤§j‡bi Afve wecixZ w`K w`‡q Avgv‡ì
R‡b¨ †ek mydj e‡q Av‡b| fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi cUf~wg‡Z evqvb′-cieZ©x BD‡ivcxq
ZË¡wRÁvmvi GB †SuvK Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Z¨ †hUzKz K‡g© iƒcv‰‭wiZ, Zv mvwnZ¨‡K cvwK¯‭vbcÖvwßi
†gvn †_‡K gyw³ w`‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| GB Qq `kK ev‡`, †`kfvM-cieZ©x evOvwj
gymjgv‡bi GKvs‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ wRb′vn&-cvwK¯‭vb, cvwK¯‭vb-wRb′vn&Õi †h Qwe †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq,
Zv Avi Ag~jK g‡b nq bv| bqv Ô¯^vaxbÕ †`k cvIqvq IB wRwKi GKUz AwZiÄb g‡b n‡Z
cv‡i, Ag~jK bq| Z‡e mvZPwjø‡ki Av‡MB KjKvZvq m„wókxj Zi Y wn‡m‡e AvavAvwa ev
cy‡ivcywi ¯^xK…wZ cvIqv †KvbI-†KvbI †jL‡Ki ÔAvw`‡L¨ZvÕ‡K evovevwo g‡b nq| Gi
wecixZ wei ×-cÖ‡Póv AvRI †h †KvbI wePv‡i gvb¨Zvi `vwe iv‡L| IB bqv ÔcigÕ cvwK¯‭v‡b
Ggb Dj‡Uv c_ nuvUvi mvnm I kw³‡K GLb GZ `~i w`b †_‡KI Kzwb©k Kivq|
Gi avivevwnKZvB lv‡U engvb| Gfv‡e GK K_vq e‡j w`‡j gvSLv‡b LvwbK duvK
†_‡K hvq| ZLb ivóªeë¯ v cvwK¯‭vb|3 lv‡Ui †jLK‡ì AwaKvs‡ki •K‡kvi Avi ev‡jï
AwfÁZv cvwK¯‭vb| evc-gvÕi gy‡L †h cvwK¯‭vbcÖvwß cÖvq ¯^M©v‡ivnY e‡j VvIi nZ, †mB
evc-gvB cvwK¯‭vb iv‡óªi k‡ZK eÂbvi gy‡L Zv‡ì evjK ev wK‡kvi m‰‭vbwU‡K eo K‡i
Zzj‡Qb, G †_‡K †KvbIfv‡e Ab¨w`‡K gyL †div‡bv P‡j bv| `yB cÖR‡‰§i Kv‡Q GKwU iv‡óªi
R‡‰§vËi Avkv I hvc‡bi h‰¿Yv †_‡K †m iv‡óªi g„Zz¨Kvgbvi Ggb bgybv ivóªweÁv‡bi
BwZnv‡m weij| wfZ‡i evB‡i wcZvcyÎcyÎx gvZvcyÎKb¨v wg‡j †e‡o-IVvi GB wØgyLx Pvc
AvRI Rxe‡bi †k‡l DcbxZ †h †KvbI lv‡Ui Zi Y m‰‭v‡bi gy‡L †kvbv hvq| Z‡e, Zv-†h
GLbI ch©‰‭ ïayB wKse`w‰‭ ev Mí n‡q I‡Vwb, Zvi KviYI fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi DËivwaKvi
AR©b¸‡jv Avgv‡ì mvgwMÖK Rxebhvc‡b cy‡ivcywi e¨_© nqwb| n‡q DV‡Q| IBme AR©b
ivóªxq †¶‡Î †hfv‡e e¨_© n‡q‡Q mvgvwRK I e¨w³K Rxe‡b Zv NU‡j lv‡Ui mvgwMÖK
cÖeYZv¸‡jvi cÖwZ AviI wb‡g©vn nIqv †hZ| Zv‡Z GB fvebv-gyn~‡Z©B nq‡Zv Avgv‡ì
AviI wKQy AR©b evwZj n‡q hv‡e| †hgb, lv‡Ui `k‡K Jcwb‡ewkK civaxb iv‡óª ¯^vaxb
iv‡óªi aviYv Ges i³¶qx gyw³hy‡×i wfZi w`‡q Zv cÖvwß Avevi †hb IB AR©‡bi wecix‡ZB
weªwUk Dcwb‡e‡ki AvgjvZ‰¿ I KvVv‡gvi Av`‡j ivóªwP‰‭v Avi kvmb| d‡j gyw³hy‡×i mËi
†_‡KB †mw`‡bi †mv‪Pvi ÔevOvwj RvZxqZvev‡`Õi aviYv¸‡jvB †Zv ax‡i ax‡i cÖvq AcÖvmw½K
n‡q D‡V‡Q| Gi †Kvb&wU mwVK A_ev bv †mB wn‡me bv-Ki‡jI IB mvgwMÖK •PZb¨ RvMi‡Y
†h Kg‡ewk Î wU wQj Zv GLb wèv‡jv‡Ki gZb ¯úó|
Lye fv‡jv nZ hw` lv‡Ui mvwnwZ¨K cÖeYZv¸‡jv‡KI †gvUv `vM †U‡b GKwU e„‡Ëi wfZ‡i
Lye mnR GK K_vq XywK‡q †`qv †hZ| Zv-†h †Mj bv, ZviI KviY lv‡Ui `k‡Ki mvwnwZ¨K
cÖeYZvq wØPvwiZv wQj| mÁv‡b `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK aviv wQj| mnve¯ vbI wQj| Avevi •Øi_
mg‡ii Avfvm wQj, ci¯úi| Zv †KvbI cÖKvi msNl©I m„wó K‡iwb| †h ivR‣bwZK,
ivR‣bwZK e‡jB mvwnwZ¨K •Øi‡_ KjKvZvq cÂv‡ki †jL‡Kiv lv‡U G‡m `yB fv‡M fvM
n‡q †M‡jb, †mB A‡_©| nq‡Zv AMYZvw‰¿K •¯îkvmb Zv‡ì GK K‡i †i‡LwQj|
Ackvm‡bi wecix‡Z KLbI-KLbI ZË¡wP‰‭vi •ecixZ¨‡KI GK K‡i| KLbI GZUvB GK
K‡i iv‡L †h mvwnwZ¨K wP‰‭vi †mB •ØZZv IB gyn~‡Z© †KvbIfv‡e †hb mvg‡bI Av‡m bv|
lv‡Ui mvwn‡Z¨ GUv N‡UwQj| cÂv‡k Zv m¤¢e wQjI bv| Gi KviY cÂv‡ki †jLK
e‡j hv‡ì Rvwb, Zuv‡ì mvg‡b †KvbI bgybv wQj bv| KweZvi †¶‡Î `yB-GKRb Avnmvb
nvexe ev dii L Avng` _vK‡jI K_vmvwn‡Z¨ Zv G‡Kev‡iB wQj bv| •mq` IqvjxDjøvn& I
207
kIKZ Imgvb‡K g‡b †i‡LB| GB R‡b¨B nq‡Zv cÂv‡ki K_vmvwnwZ¨K‡ì ¯^vfvweK
†jLK ¯^xK…wZi R‡b¨ lv‡Ui gvSvgvwS ch©‰‭ A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| ivóeë¯ vi m‡½ Zv‡ì
mvwnwZ¨K msNl©‡K Lye mn‡R Abygv‡b Avbv hvq| †jLKZvq †KvbI BD‡ivcxq ZË¡ cÖ‡qvM I
cix¶vi †P‡q cÖKvwkZ nIqvB ZLbI ch©‰‭ Ri wi| GB KvRwU Zuviv g‡bv‡hv‡Mi m‡½ K‡i
†M‡Qb| cwðgevsjvq bZzbixwZi Mí iPbvi †Póv ïi  nq GB mg‡qB| hwÌ IB †Póv ZLb
G cv‡ki cÂv‡k †jLK‡ì nv‡Z †mfv‡e evwnZ nqwb| nIqvi K_vI bv| A_P lv‡Ui
ïi ‡ZB cÂv‡ki KviI KviI nv‡Z †Zv e‡UB lv‡Ui †jLKiv c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡b ÔM‡í GK bZzb
ixwZÕ LyuR‡Z PvB‡jb|4 c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡b †jLKZvi ïi ‡Z Zv‡ì R‡b¨ wn‡me wQj Lye mnR :
†`kfvM I Gi AwfNvZ Ges †mB AwfNv‡ZB cÂv‡ki ïi ‡Z ïay AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki mg~n
ZvwM`‡K gv_vq ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, Lye m‡PZbfv‡e| cwðg evsjvq cÂv‡k cÖ‡qvRbxq HwZ‡nï
we¯‭v‡i †KvbI mgm¨v nqwb| M‡í IB bZzb ixwZi ÔAvaywbKZvÕ n‡q-I‡V avivevwnK
HwZ‡nïB m¤cÖmviY| †mLv‡b cÖvq GK Uv‡b RM`xk ¸ß-†cÖ‡g‱`ª wgÎ-gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq
n‡q KgjKzgvi gRyg`vi-m‱`xcb P‡Ævcva¨vq-†`‡ek ivq ch©‰‭ †cu․Qv‡bv hvq| Rvbv hvq, IB
bZzb ixwZi †Luv‡RB KLbI-KLbI cÂv‡ki Zi Y‡ì m½x n‡qwQ‡jb my‡eva †Nvl, b‡i‱`ªbv_
wgÎ wK bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq| cwðgevsjvi K_vmvwn‡Zï IB ÔAvaywbKÕ cÂvkxq cÖeYZv c~e©
cvwK¯‭v‡b LyuR‡Z †M‡j, gvwbK evo‬‡¾ n‡q hZ mn‡R IqvjxDjøvn& I kIKZ Imgvb‡K
mvg‡b G‡b AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, •mq` kvgmyj nK wK kIKZ Avjx ev †evinvbDwÏb Lvb
Rvnv½x‡i †cu․Qv‡bv hvq †mB Uv‡b lv‡Ui gvSvgvwS †cu․Qv‡bvi Av‡M †KvbI bZzb ixwZi
gy‡LvgywL nIqvi my‡hvM N‡U Kxfv‡e? †KvbI f~L‡Êi mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm‡K Zvi ivR‣bwZK
BwZnv‡mi evB‡i †i‡L cvV Kivi my‡hvM †bB| d‡j cÖeYZv¸‡jv‡K Zzjbvg~jK wPwýZ Ki‡Z
ivR‣bwZK BwZnvm‡K gv_vq †i‡L mvwnwZ¨K‡ì cÖ‡qv‡Mi e¨_©Zvi R‡b¨ MvjvMvj Kiv P‡j
bv| Avgiv BD‡ivcxq AvaywbKZvi m~Î Lyu‡R, jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi K_vmvwn‡Zï MwjNyuwRi †LuvR
wb‡q wb‡R‡ì w`‡K ZvwK‡q e¨_©Zvq gv‡Sg‡a¨ GK A`„k¨ Awfgv‡b Mvj dzwj‡q wb‡R‡ì
MvjvMvj w`B| †mLv‡b Avi hv-B _vKzK BwZnvmgb¯‥Zvi †KvbI Qvc _v‡K bv| wb‡R‡K
†`Lvi I †Pbvi †KvbIgvÎ †PóvI aiv c‡o bv| †mB †Póv Avgv‡ì R‡b¨ Ri wi wQj| Zv‡Z
wb‡R‡ì mvgwMÖK Ae¯ vb †evSv mnR nZ|
cÂv‡ki gvSvgvwS †_‡K lv‡Ui gvSvgvwS †cu․Q‡Z bv-†cu․Q‡ZB K_vmvwn‡Z¨ cÖPj
avivq †h Zxeª BD‡ivcxq nvIqv G‡m jv‡M, †mB nvIqvi †XD‡K wVKg‡Zv mvg‡j †bIqvi
Av‡MB IB mg‡q ÔbZzb ixwZi MíPP©vÕ welq I iPbv‡K․k‡j †gvUvgywU `yB fvM n‡q
wM‡qwQj| Lye mnR Uv‡b GZw`b ev‡` `~i †_‡K fvM `y‡Uv‡K g‡b nq : GK. iex‱`ªbv_ †_‡K
gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq n‡q IqvjxDjøvn&Õi DËivwaKvi; `yB. mvgvwRK msK‡Ui wecix‡Z
e¨w³‡KB mgv‡Ri Ask wn‡m‡e wPwýZ K‡i ÔAvwggq KvnvbxÕ iPbv; KZKUv ZLb L¨vwZgvb
†cÖ‡g‱`ª wgÎ, AwP‰‭¨ †mb¸ß wK ey×‡è emyi PwP©Z c‡_| nq‡Zv †mw`b M‡íi welq Avw½K
I iPbv‡K․k‡ji beZi †Suv‡K cÂv‡ki †jLKivI †KD-†KD wØZxq `‡j wf‡o hvb| nq‡Zv
Zuv‡ì nv‡Z GB Uvb aiv c‡owQj, wK‰‧ cÖ‡qv‡M AbyK‚j nvIqv wQj bv| cÂv‡ki Kweiv
†KD-†KD Zv Av‡MB wPwýZ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| G mg‡q KweZv I M‡íi †h KvMR¸‡jv
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b lv‡Ui Kwe‡ì GB ÔAvaywbKZvÕ PP©v mivmwi Av‡Mi cÖR‡b¥i Kwe‡ì
Kve¨PP©vi m‡½ hy³ _vK‡jI Mí‡jLK‡ì †¶‡Î Zv wQj bv| Z‡e Zuv‡ì KviI-KviI ¶gZv
wQj AmvaviY| †mB AmvaviY ¶gZvi †Rv‡i Zuviv DËiY NwU‡q‡Qb| G mg‡qi M‡íB †Zv
208
gd¯^j †_‡K Avmv ga¨ wK wbg′-ga¨weË mgvRwew‪Qb′ e¨w³, mv‡ai cvwK¯‭vb †c‡q
†KvbIcÖKvi Avkv c~Y© bv-nIqv D‪PvKv‫¶‫‬x ga¨weË GB GK `k‡K wb‡Ri MwÊ †_‡K Nvo
Kvr-K‡i GKvË‡ii w`‡K avweZ †`kUvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q‡Q| GUv †hgb ivR‣bwZKfv‡e lv‡Ui
`k‡Ki M‰‭e¨, mvwnwZ¨Kfv‡eI| GB `k‡Ki mvwn‡Z¨ G Qvc cvIqv hvq| mvZPwjøk †_‡K
Rxe‡bi Pv‡c G‡Kev‡i †K‡bv n‡Z n‡Z lv‡Ui †Mvovq G‡m GB wbg′-ga¨weË I ga¨weË †kªwY
†_‡K Avmv Avi DØv¯‧ Zi Y hLb nv‡Z Kjg ai‡jb, ZLb ïi ‡Z KviI-KviI Kj‡g cÖ_‡g
bv-cvIqvi e¨w³MZ h‰¿YvB `vbv euva‡e, Zv Avi wewPÎ Kx? Avi GK `k‡Ki gv_vq GB
AvKv‫¶‫‬v I hvc‡bi wPÎUv cy‡ivcywiB Dj‡U †Mj| ZLb iv‡óªi wecix‡Z mvgwMÖK AvKv‫¶‫‬vi
m‡½ cvjøv w`‡Z w`‡Z Zvi Ae¯ v EbmË‡ii KvQvKvwQ †cu․‡Q cÖvq wP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvBi
Imgvb MwbiB g‡Zv| GB Dcb¨v‡m DØv¯‧ Imgvb Mwbi weeZ©‡bi m‡½ lv‡Ui `k‡Ki
c~e©e½xq ga¨weË mev¯‧/DØv¯‧ Zi ‡Yi µg cwieZ©bkxj gvbwmK MV‡bi †Kv_vI †Kv_vI Lye
wgj cvIqv hvq| wb‡Ri wee‡i _vKv Imgvb nvwÇ wLwR‡ii Wv‡K ZLb †h w`‡K Lywk †h‡Z
cv‡i| IB gyn~‡Z© †MvUv c~e©evsjvi w`‡K ZvKv‡bvB Zvi Afxó|5
lv‡Ui GK`g †Mvovq nvmvb AvwRRyj nK ev‡` GB `k‡Ki Avi-†KvbI †jL‡Ki
Kj‡g ÔBD‡ivcxqÕ e¨w³i wecix‡Z mvg‡b `„k¨gvb c~e©evsjv‡K cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e `yÕwZb
eQ‡ii wfZ‡iB, GgbwK `k‡Ki gvS ch©‰‭ †cu․Q‡ZB A‡b‡KiB M‡íi GB ÔAvaywbKZvÕ PP©vi
aviv e`‡j hvq| GKwU-`ywU e¨wZµg ev‡` G mg‡qi Zi Y †jLK‡ì PwP©Z fvlvi m‡½ welq
Avw½K I mvgwMÖK M‡íi RvqMvRwg, gvbylI e`‡j †h‡Z _v‡K| nq‡Zv nVvr Zv †Pv‡L covi
g‡Zv bq, wK‰‧ cy‡iv `kK‡K GK K‡i †`L‡j GKwU ¯^‪Q Mvp †iLv †Pv‡L c‡o|
`yB.
Gevi, G mg‡q RvZxq ivRbxwZ †hfv‡e ivóªweÁvb eB‡qi cvZvq cvIqv hvq Zv Av‰‭Rv© wZK
PvjwP‡Îi m‡½ GKUz wgwj‡q †`Lv ìKvi| G †Zv RvbvB, lvU †_‡K mË‡i hvÎvi GB c_UzKz
cye-cwðg wgwj‡q evsjvfvlx f~LÊ ms¶zä| †h †KvbI ms¶zä cÖR‡b¥i †e‡o-IVvi HwZnvwmK
Ave‡ni m‡½ Zv‡ì mvwnwZ¨KRxe‡bi NUbvµg †hfv‡e Rwo‡q hvq, Rwo‡q wgwj‡q GK mgq
nvwi‡qI hvq AvR Pwjøk eQi ev‡` Zuv‡ì †jLv co‡Z wM‡q Zv me mgq †mfv‡e Avi aivI
c‡o bv| lv‡Ui cÖvq me †jL‡KiB cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶vi †kl GB `k‡K| GB `k‡KB c~e©
cvwK¯‭v‡bi ivRbxwZ‡Z ¯^vwaKv‡ii cÖk′¸‡jvI Zxeªfv‡e †`Lv †`q| †m‡¶‡Î wek¦we`¨vjq-
Rxe‡b, †hLv‡b A‡b‡KiB †jLKZvi m~Pbv †mB m~Pbvve‱`y‡ZB Zuviv ey‡S wb‡Z PvB‡jb iv‡óªi
wecix‡Z ivR‣bwZK AvKv‫¶‫‬v¸‡jvI| `k‡Ki †Mvov‡ZB wk¶v Kwgkb wi‡cvU© evwZ‡ji
`vwe‡Z XvKvq we‡¶v‡f `yÕRb wbnZ nb| 1964-†Z mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v| cvwK¯‭vb-fviZ hy×|
Qq `dv| †iwW‡qv cvwK¯‭v‡b iex‱`ªmsMxZ wbwl×| EbmË‡ii MY-Afy¨Ìvb| GMv‡iv `dv|
Avi mvgwiK kvmb RMÏj wQj †MvUv `kK| BZ¨vw`|
cvkvcvwk cwðgevsjvi m‡½ mvwnwZ¨K †hvMv‡hvM¸‡jvI ivR‣bwZK Kvi‡Y ¶xY n‡q
Av‡m| Zey lv‡Ui `k‡Ki mgvRZvw‰¿K ivRbxwZ I mvwnwZ¨K NUbvµ‡gi †h nvIqv Icvi
†_‡K Av‡m †m SvcUv Kg‡ewk jv‡M Gcv‡kI| ivRbxwZmswkøó †KvbI-†KvbI †jL‡Ki
ZrciZvq Av‡m cwieZ©b| m‡½ mvwnwZ¨K NUbvµ‡gi av°vI wbðqB †jLK‡ì KviI-KviI
†PZ‡b †cu․‡Q w`‡q‡Q IB bqv ZrciZvi eviZv| †m m‡ei GKUz ZË¡Zvjvk Ki‡j GLbI hv
†LuvR cvIqv hvq : 1961-†Z KvQv‡o evsjv fvlvi m¤§vbv‡_© 11 R‡bi kwn` nIqv NUbv
209
wn‡m‡e bZzb bq, wK‰‧ †PZbvq GKvKvi kZfvM| G eQi b‡f¤î-wW‡m¤î bvMv` nvswi
Av‡‱`vj‡bi ey‡jwUb cÖKvk wbwðZ lv‡Ui `k‡Ki XvKv Kve¨ Av‡‱`vj‡b GK bZzb gvÎv
G‡bwQj| Gi †R‡i 1964-†Z KjKvZvq nvswi Av‡‱`vjbKvix K‡hKRb I c‡i Av‡‱`vj‡bi
†bZv gjq ivq‡P․ayix cvUbvq †MÖdZvi nb, Gici †MÖdZviK…Z‡ì Ae¨vnwZ w`‡q Akøxj
KweZv iPbvi Awf‡hv‡M gjq ivq‡P․ayixi wei ‡× gvgjv ïi  nq| ZLb UvBg g¨vMvwR‡b
nvswi Av‡‱`vjb wb‡q mwPÎ cÖwZ‡e`b cÖKvwkZ nq| cwðgevsjvi GKwU mvwnwZ¨K Av‡‱`vjb
wek¦e¨vcx cÖPvwiZ nIqvi NUbv wbwðZ GB mgq XvKvi mvwnZ¨ Av‡‱`vj‡b †XD Zz‡jwQj|
Gw`‡K Pxb-fviZ hy× Avi `yB fvM n‡q hvIqv KwgDwb÷ Av‡‱`vjbI Zi Y‡ì †PZbvi m‡½
hy³| mgKvjxb wek¦eë¯ vq †ekwKQy cwieZ©bI N‡U| †mLv‡b †K‡bwW AvZZvwqZ wK †bjmb
g¨v‡Ûjvi hve¾xeb wK wf‡qZbv‡gi gyw³msMÖvg wK gvI †R `‡Oi •ecøweK †bZ…Z¡ Avi GB
cUf~wg‡Z bKkvjevwo Av‡‱`vj‡bi †h AwM′Zi½ †f‡m G‡mwQj Zv-I wbwðZ c~e©evsjvi
mvwnwZ¨K MVb‡K DËvc w`‡q‡Q| m‡½ `yB †gi i wek¦eë¯ vi Uvbvc‡ob †Zv wQjB| †m‡¶‡Î
†mvwf‡qZ A‡¶i w`‡KB ZLb c~e©evsjvi Zvi ‡Yï †SuvK| mvZPwjøk-cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki
ivRbxwZ‡K GKUz wb‡g©vnfv‡e †`‡L Gi QvÎivRbxwZ‡K wePvi Ki‡j †evSv hvq, G mg‡q GB
wek¦eë¯ vi wfZ‡i c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡bi Zvi ‡Y¨ me‡P‡q Mvp n‡q e‡mwQj mvgwiK kvmb|
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm GK mvgwiK kvm‡bi wfZ‡i e‡m ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k ÔAvwg I Avgvi
mgqÕ wk‡ivbv‡g GK e¨w³MZ iPbvq h_v_© Ly‡j †`wL‡q‡Qb :
•K‡kvi cvi nw‪Q ZLb, m`¨ K‡j‡R Xy‡KwQ, H †h †mbvevwnbxi _vevi wb‡P cojvg,
mvivUv †h․ebKvj P‡j †Mj ZviB muvovwki †fZi, AvRI Zv †_‡K †invB wgjj bv|
gvk©vj jÕi RMÏj cv_‡i Pvcv c‡o †h wK‡kvi cwiYZ nj hye‡K, †h․ebKvj cvi
K‡i w`‡q AvR †h c°‡Kk †cÖ․p, Zvi e„w× wK Avi cuvPUv †`‡ki gvby‡li g‡Zv n‡Z
cv‡i?6
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi GB e¨w³MZRxeb ch©‡e¶Y mvwn‡Z¨ AvMZ Zuvi mgKvjxb †h
KviI Rxeb‡KI GKB m‡½ †f‡e †bqv hvq| GB ïi  Zuv‡ì mvwnwZ¨KRxeb| ZLb GB
ivR‣bwZK evZvei‡YB BD‡ivcxq mvwnZ¨ I wkíZvwË¡K aviYv¸‡jv Zuviv mvwnwZ¨K Rxe‡b
Rov‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| Pjgvb mvgwiK ivR‣bwZK-Rxeb‡ewóZ Ae¯ vqB BD‡ivcxq f~LÊ †_‡K
cvIqv ZË¡wRÁvmv¸‡jv IB APjvqZ‡b Zuv‡ì wfZ‡i I evB‡i Pvc m„wó K‡iwb? n‡Z cv‡i,
ZLb Zuv‡ì bwewkKvj| n‡Z cv‡i Ab¨ w`‡K mvgwiK kvmbRwbZ Rxe‡b Zuv‡ì mvg‡b
Av‡‱`vjb-Db¥yL A_P w¯ i M‰‭e¨nxb nZvkRxeb ZLb IB mKj wbix¶vB Zuviv GK Xvj
wn‡m‡e mvg‡b G‡bwQ‡jb| GB •ecixZ¨‡K GLb GK cv‡Î †gkv‡j †ek RwUj g‡b n‡jI
ZLb nq‡Zv †KvbI AÁvZ Kvi‡Y wg‡kwg‡k †ek GKvKvi n‡q wM‡qwQj|
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK Ô`y®úvV¨ Ki‡iLv : Avgv‡ì K_vmvwn‡Z¨Õ G cÖm‡½ wj‡L‡Qb :
GK_v Aek¨B ¯^xKvi Kie †h †hw`b †_‡K wjUj g¨vMvwR‡bi ïi , GK wn‡k‡e
†mw`b †_‡KB Avgv‡ì K_vmvwn‡Zï AvaywbKZvi ïi | wbiewaKv‡ji AvaywbKZv
bq, wPivq‡Zi AvaywbKZv bq, gnvfviZ ev Bwjqv‡Wi AvaywbKZv bq,
eZ©gvbKvjhy³, eZ©gvb Rxebhvc‡bi cÖwµqvjM′, mgvR weKv‡ki we‡kl GKwU
ch©vqjM′ we‡k¦i bvbv †`‡ki cvi¯úwiK m¤úK©N~wY©Z bvbv ivR‣bwZK NUbv wba©vwiZ
AvaywbKZv ebvg evsjv‡`‡ki h_vm¤¢e AvaywbKZv| GB AvaywbKZv‡K d¨vkb ejv hvq
wK‰‧ Zv ejv hv‡e bv KviY Gi g‡a¨ BwZnvm wbw`©óZv Ges A‡gvNZv `yB-B Av‡Q|
210
GB cUf~wg‡ZB †`Lv †`‡Z jvM‡jb bZzb hye‡Kiv hv‡ì Av‡M wVK †`Lv hvq wb|
mßK, ¯^v¶i, KÉ¯î, Kvj‡ejv BZ¨vw` cwÎKv wN‡i †QvU †QvU Zi ‡Yi `j †`Lv
w`‡jb| huviv †ek ¯úó K‡i eyS‡Z cvi‡jb K_vmvwn‡Zï Ôdg©Õ¸‡jv‡Z NyY a‡i‡Q|
BwZg‡a¨ mgv‡R fvOPzi N‡U †M‡Q, XvKv bM‡ii Zi Y‡ì mvgvwRK Ae¯ v‡b N‡U‡Q
cÖPzi iè`j, †mLvb †_‡K †Lvjm †f‡O †ewi‡q Avm‡Q bZzb wek¦vm, bZzb K_v, bZzb
g‡bvfw½ Ges †mLv‡bB cÖ‡qvRb ixwZwm× Ôdg©Õ¸‡jv †f‡O †djv wVK GB ¯^‪Q aviYv
†_‡KB †h Zi Yiv wjUj g¨vMvwRb †ei Ki‡Z GwM‡q G‡mwQ‡jb Avgvi Zv g‡b nq
bv|
nq‡Zv GB ¯^‪Q A_ev A¯^‪Q aviYv wb‡qB †ivgvw‱UKZvev`, civev¯‭eev`, A¨vemvW©ev`,

AvDUmvBWvwiwU, AvaywbKZvev`, bvMwiK Aemv`, KLbI-KLbI cÖZxKev`, `v`vev`,
BZ¨vw`; A_ev, wPÎKjvi Av`‡j B‡¤cÖkwbRg BZ¨vwì cÖ‡qv‡Mi †Póv ZvB †`Lv hvq Zuv‡ì
†jLvq| Avi KjKvZvi nvswi Av‡‱`vj‡bi Av`‡j XvKvq iwdK AvRv` cÖg‡y Li †bZ…‡Z¡ m¨vW
`ytwLZ cÖR‡b¥i Av‡‱`vjbI G mgq ïi  nq| GB mg‡q wewfb′ ev` I †KvbI †KvbI
mvwnwZ¨K Av‡‱`vjb wb‡q Zuv‡ì m¤úvw`Z cwÎKvq †ek wKQy cÖeÜI wj‡L‡Qb|7
nu¨v, GB bqv mvwnZ¨wP‰‭v Avi wb‡R‡ì cwÎKv Kivi ZvwM` Ges †mB cwÎKv‡K wN‡i
ZrciZvB Avm‡j Zuv‡ì †jLKmËv‡K euvwP‡q †i‡LwQj| GB mg‡q Zuv‡ì weweagyLx
ZrciZvi K_v Rvbv hvq Ave`yjvø n Avey mvqx‡ì fv‡jvevvmvi mv¤úvb, Ave`yj gvb′vb
•mq‡ì ¯§„wZi †bvUeyK, wbg©‡j‱`y My‡Yi Kv‡ji KÉ¯^‡i| A‡b‡Ki mv¶vrKviI G mg‡qi
mvwn‡Z¨ GB Awb‡KZ c`vwZK-eª‡Zi bgybv cvIqv hvq| ¯§„wZÕi †bvUey‡K lv‡Ui `k‡K
cÖKvwkZ wewfb′ wjUj g¨vMvwRb I ¯^ívqy I `y-GKwU `xN©Rxexmn 80wU c‡Îi m¤úv`Kmn
cÖKvkKvj I IB cwÎKvi aib D‡jøL Av‡Q| cvwK¯‭vb-c‡e©i ïi ‡Z A_ev Av‡M †_‡KB
cÖKvwkZ †gvnv¤§`x, mIMvZ, Kv‡djv, Bg‡ivR, w`ji‚ev, bIevnvi, gv‡n-bI BZ¨vw` cwÎKvi
wecix‡Z GB mg‡q cwÎKv¸‡jvi †h bvg Zuviv †`b, Zv-I g‡b nq cÖvq b¶‡Îi gZb|
†hgb : ¯^v¶i, KÉ¯î, AwPiv, mvwnZ¨cÎ; †QvUMí, kªveš„x, Kvj‡ejv, GB `kK, Avmbœ,
¯^‡`k, m›`xcb, wecÖZxc, iƒcg| ¯^ívqy I `xN©Rxex GBme mvwnZ¨cÎ wN‡iB Zuv‡ì
mvwnZ¨wP‰‭v m¤cÖmvwiZ n‡Z _v‡K| GBmg¯‭ cwÎKv wN‡i †h †QvU GK-GKwU †Mvôx M‡o
D‡VwQj, Zvi wKQy bgybv GLv‡b nvwRi Ki‡j welqwU ¯úó n‡q DV‡e|
A| Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` ¯§„wZi †bvUey‡K ¯^v¶‡ii n‡q-IVvi BwZnvm m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡Qb :
KweZvi GK bZzb †mªvZ eB‡q w`‡qwQj ¯^v¶i| ¯^v¶i cwÎKvi PviwU msL¨v †`L‡jB
†evSv hv‡e : cÂv‡ki cÖ_vMZ KweZv †_‡K lv‡Ui KweZv KZ c„_K| g‡b n‡e, G
GK wfb′ Øxc! wfb′ †`k! GLvbKvi cvwL, Dw ¢`, h‰¿Yv, Avb‱` I RjcÖcvZ Avjv`v|
DËiKv‡j ¯^v¶i-Gi †jLK-Kweiv mK‡jB Kg-†ewk L¨vwZi P~ovq P~ovq Av‡ivnY
K‡i wd‡i‡Q|
211
Av| 1967-†Z cÖKvwkZ †QvUM‡íi m~Pbvi w`b¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Kvgvj web gvnZve wj‡L‡Qb
wbqwgZ gvwmK cwÎKv wn‡m‡e †QvUMí cÖKv‡ki †NvlYv w`‡q Avgiv ixwZg‡Zv duvc‡o
c‡o wM‡qwQjvg| e× Rjvf~wgi gZ wbR©xe, wb¯‭i½ MíPP©vi mv‡_ AvaywbK wP‰‭vi
ms‡hvM NUv‡bvi †h cÖej Drmvn wb‡q cwÎKv cÖKv‡ki Kv‡R eªZx n‡qwQjvg Kv‡R
†b‡g †`Lv †Mj †mUv LyeB `yiƒn e¨vcvi| GKwU wbqwgZ cwÎKvi Dìc~wZ©i R‡b¨ †h
cwigvY †jLvi cÖ‡qvRb Zv †c‡Z n‡j ixwZgZ GKUv ¯‥zj †Lvjv ìKvi; wK‰‧
gv÷vix Kivi g‡Zv we`¨veyw× †Zv Avgv‡ì wQj bv| kkvsK cvj Avi Avwg cÖvq
`yÕgvm †`․oSuvc K‡i †h KÕUv †jLv †RvMvo K‡iwQ Aí `y‡qKUv e¨wZµg Qvov Avi
Zvi †ewki fvMB wQj AvaywbKZvi bv‡g `y‡e©va¨ kã Avi Q‱`gvÎvnxb KweZvq
gvLvgvwL|
B| Avi, wb‡R‡ì mvwnwZ¨KRxe‡b m~Pbvq, AvÇv, eÜze„Ë BZ¨vw` wb‡q AvLZvi ¾vgvb

Bwjqv‡mi Revb †_‡K hv Rvbv hvq :
wgW wmKmwUR †_‡K Aviwj †m‡fbwU Iqvb, µvK WvD‡bi AvM ch©‰‭| †iK‡m AvÇv
Pj‡Zv ivZ `kUv mv‡o `kUv ch©‰‭, Gici ivZ GKUv n‡q †h‡Zv AviRy‡Z| AviRy
†_‡K ey‡ov fvB, wRby gv‡b gvneyeyj Avjg, wecøe gv‡b wecøe `vm, iYwRr Avwg P‡j
†hZvg bevecyi a‡i cyi‡bv kn‡ii w`‡K| nu¨v, Avgv‡ì m‡½ _vK‡Zb Lv‡j`
†P․ayix, wKsev ejv hvq AvgivB _vKZvg Zvi m‡½|... wZwb Av‡iv NÈvLv‡bK Zuvi
Zrmg kã LwPZ evKëv‡Y we× Ki‡Zb PvYK¨ cÖ¯‭vweZ ivR¨ cwiPvjbv bxwZ wKsev
ga¨hy‡M ¯øvf‡ì mvgvwRK weeZ©b‡K| N‡i †cu․Q‡Z ivwÎ AvovB‡U wZb‡U †Zv nZB|
†iKm Avi AviRy‡Z AvÇvi cÖavb e¨w³Z¡ wQj knx` (knx` Kvìx)|... †h †KvbI
wKQy c‡o knx` ZvB wb‡q ej‡Z cviZ Lye ¸wQ‡q, wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i e¨vL¨v Kivi
¶gZv wQj Ii AmvaviY| [...] mvwnZ¨ K‡i bv, wk‡í wU‡í GKUz AvaUz AvMÖn wQj
wKsev G‡Kev‡iB †bB Ggb eÜz cÖPzi| M¨vÊvwiqvi BmgvBj fvB‡qi AvÇv wQj jv-
RIqve|... H AvÇv‡ZB wQ‡jb M¨vÊvwiqvi wbZvB evey, M¨vÊvwiqvi e‡bw` evwoi
†Q‡j, mKvj †_‡K ivZ †Kej LvIqvi mgqUv ev` w`‡q Lvwj AvÇv, Lvwj AvÇv|
wd‡ivR‡ì evwo‡Z AvÇv em‡Zv, wK‰‧ K_v me‡P‡q Kg ej‡Zv wd‡ivRB|
wd‡iv‡Ri fvB wmivR fvB BwZnvm, we‡kl K‡i cyivKxwZ© wb‡q G‡Kev‡i M‡íi g‡Zv
K‡i e‡jb, K_v ejvi mgq GKvB gvr K‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib|... ZLb Mí †jLvi
fvebv G‡jB wd‡ivR, Kv‡qm Avi gRnvi‡K †ek LyuwU‡q LyuwU‡q ejZvg|
GB wew¶ß D`vniY¸‡jvi8 m‡½ AviI `yB-GKwU ¯§„wZK_v †`‡L †bqv †M‡j GB mg‡qi
†jLK‡ì †jLKZvi cÖv_wgK Ae¯ v Avi n‡q-IVvi mvgwMÖK RvqMv¸‡jv nq‡Zv AviI
cwi®‥vi †`‡L †bIqv †hZ| m¤cÖwZ cÖKvwkZ iwdK AvRv‡ì ¯§„wZK_v †KvbI †L` †bB‡qI
G wb‡q wKQy ¯§„wZ cvIqv hvq| Zuv‡ì KviI KviI mv¶vrKv‡iI D‡V G‡m‡Q GB mgq|
GLv‡b GKwU welq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡‪Q, GB mvwnZ¨RMr M‡o D‡VwQj †gvUvgywU XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjq‡KB †K‱`ª K‡i| XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq cÖm‡½ Aa¨vcK Ave`yi iv¾vK e‡j‡Qb, XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †kªô AR©b ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k cÖwZôvq AMÖYx f~wgKv cvjb Kiv| †mB wn‡m‡e
212
lv‡Ui `k‡KB ¯^vaxbZvi Av‡Mi I c‡ii evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnwZ¨K evZveiY wbwg©Z nq XvKv
wek¦we`¨vjq‡KB †K‡‱`ª †i‡L|
wZb.
GB ch©‰‭ G‡m lv‡Ui ivR‣bwZK mvwnwZ¨K mvs¯‥…wZK evZveiY m¤ú‡K© GKcÖKvi aviYvq
†cu․Qv‡bv †M‡Q| †mB aviYv wbwðZ w¯ i wbðj †d«‡g euvav‡bv Qwe bq hv †`‡L wfZ‡i wfZ‡i
wn‡me K‡i †bqv hv‡e, GB Z‡e lv‡Ui mvwnwZ¨K evZveiY? †m AvqZb mPj wK APj
†mLv‡b †h‡Z Avi mvwnwZ¨K cÖeYZv¸‡jv‡K ¸wQ‡q ey‡S wb‡Z Dc‡ii G‡Kev‡iB nv‡Zi
Kv‡Q cvIqv wn‡me¸‡jv †gvUvgywU Rvbvb †`q, Gici GB `k‡Ki cÖv_wgK, ga¨ I †kl c‡e©i
K_vmvwnwZ¨K wb`k©b¸‡jvi KvQvKvwQ GKUz hvIqv ìKvi| ejv evûj¨, Zv Aek¨B
†QvUM‡íi, Dcb¨v‡mi bq| cÖv_wgK K_vmvwnwZ¨K cÖ‡Póv wn‡m‡e Zi ‡Yiv mvaviYZ
†QvUM‡íB nvZ gK&‡kv K‡ib| Avi `yB-GKwU e¨wZµg ev‡` evsjv Dcb¨vm AvRI ch©‰‭ Zvi
wZwiwk AvaywbKZv‡K †KvbIfv‡eB AwZµg Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| evsjv Dcb¨v‡m †mB ga¨-wZwik
†_‡K G ch©‰‭ wbix¶v Kg nqwb, wK‰‧ GLbI ch©‰‭ Zvi iPbv‡K․kj cÖvq GKB my‡Zvq euvav
c‡o Av‡Q| †QvUM‡íi bvbvixwZi †K․kj, Avw½‡Ki fvOPz‡ii Zzjbvq Dcb¨v‡m Uvb c‡o‡Q
Kg| Rb¥gyn~Z© †_‡K iPbvi GB civµgx Kvj ch©‰‭ Dcb¨vm BD‡ivcxq Avw½‡KiB e½xq
iƒc| KLbI-KLbI Zvi Rb¥gyn~‡Z©i Pvc I AvZ¥cwiPq‡K wQu‡o †d‡j welq-Avkq-PwiÎ-
f~‡Mvj Avi BwZnv‡m n‡q D‡V‡Q evsjvi| evsjv Dcb¨v‡mi GB ga¨we‱`y g‡b †i‡L G ch©‰ ‭
cÂv‡ki gvSvgvwS †_‡K lv‡Ui GKev‡iB †Mvovi AwfÁZv wb‡q †`‡ek ivq Ôevsjv
†QvUM‡íi AvaywbKZvÕ9 (1977) wk‡ivbv‡g Dcb¨v‡m Zv‡ì bZzb ixwZi mÜvb bv-_vK‡jI
†QvUM‡í GB D‡`¨v‡Mi K_v Rvwb‡q‡Qb| XvKvq mvgvb¨ †`wi‡Z A_ev cÖvq KvQvKvwQ mg‡q
Ifv‡e †NvlYv bv-w`‡q n‡jI bZzb ixwZi †QvUMí iPbvi †Póv ïi  nq| GLv‡b †jLKiv
†ewki fvMB lv‡Ui, cÂv‡ki bb|
cÂv‡ki huviv lv‡U †cu․Qv‡bvi wKQy Av‡M ev ïi ‡Z wK gvSvgvwS Dcb¨vm wj‡L‡Qb
Zuv‡ì Dcb¨v‡m †Zv e‡UB, lv‡Ui †jLK‡ìI KviI KviI Dcb¨vm wjLevi †Póvi †h bgybv
cvIqv hvq, Zv wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i Av‡Mi BD‡ivcxq Dcb¨v‡mi m¶g cÖfve‡KB g‡b Kivq|
ÔAvaywbKÕ Dcb¨vm I Jcb¨vwmK G cÖk′ GLb A‡bKUv wSwg‡q †M‡Q| wef~wZf~lY, Zvivk¼i
I gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi mw¤§wjZ ¶gZvi `vc‡U Dcb¨v‡m IB ÔAvaywbKZvÕi †ivL wgwj‡q
†h‡Z eva¨| GgbwK Gi cvkvcvwk Ôwkw¶ZÕ Ôeyw×wbf©iÕ †h Jcb¨vwmK Pjb ZviI `vcU Avi
†Zgb †bB| A_P lv‡Ui `kK ch©‰‭ GK Uv‡b GB K_v †jLv †hZ bv| wZwik‡K g‡b †i‡L
†hme ¯§„wZK_v GLb evRv‡i Av‡Q, Zv‡Z byÜ nvgmyb, j‡iÝ ev R‡q‡mi bvg †hgb cvIqv
hvq, Zv‡ì AÜ AbymiYKvix ev IB ÔAvaywbKZvÕi e½xq ZR©gvi D`vniYI Kg bq| ZLb
†hgb AwP‰‭¨ †mb¸ß, †cÖ‡g‱`ª wgÎ wK ey×‡è emyi Dcb¨v‡mi evRv‡i KvU&wZ †ek Ges Zv-I
†Zv ÔAvaywbKÕ Dcb¨vm| A‰‭Z RxweZ iex‱`ªbv_ I kirP‱`ª‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB| hwÌ `yB
mg‡qi `yBRb, RM`xk ¸ß Avi †R¨vwZwi‱`ª b‱`xi GB cO&w³‡Z RvqMv cvIqvi my‡hvM ZLb
†hgb N‡Uwb, GLbI nq‡Zv bv| Gi cv‡k, GUzKz g‡b ivL‡Z n‡‪Q Rxebvb‱`‡K Avwe®‥…Z
n‡Z †hgb ey×‡è emyi AK¬v‰‭ cwikªg I Xv‡ji cÖ‡qvRb nq, GKB iKgfv‡e Ôc‡_i cuvPvjxÕ
†h IB Kv‡j ÔAvaywbKÕ Dcb¨vm, evsjvi e‡b-ev`v‡o c‡_-cÖv‰‭‡i Ny‡i †eov‡bv gvbyl †h
AvaywbK Dcb¨v‡mi welq n‡Z cv‡i, wK cÙvi K‚‡ji `wi`ª gvwS I Avwdg eëmvqx
213
†PvivKvievwi wK wPwKrmvwe`¨vq m′vZK GK Wv³v‡ii MvIw`qvq †muwa‡q hvIqv A_ev iv‡pi
cÖv‰‭‡i †eov‡bv Szg‡y ii `‡ji †g‡q Avi Mv‡qb Kweqvj Avi IB iv‡pi we¯‭xY© cÖv‰‭i †h
ÔBs‡iwRwkw¶ZÕ ÔAvaywbKZvÕi Ô†PZbm¤úb′Õ hyeK‡ì Kv‡Q AvaywbK Dcb¨vm nq, Avi-GK
wek¦h‡y ×i Av‡M-c‡i GK_v ZLb Lye mn‡R gy‡L ev Kj‡gi WMvq †Zvjv hvw‪Qj bv|
GB wn‡meUv GLv‡bI cÖvq wgwj‡q †bqv hvq| cvwK¯‭vb Kx wRwbm Zv-I †Zv †evSv
n‡q †M‡Q GK hyM! iex‱`ªbv_-cÖk′B †mB iv‡óª AgxgvswmZ| mvgwiK kvmb hvc‡bi KjKâv
bvwo‡q w`‡q‡Q Avcv`g¯‭K| Zey GK QÙAvaywbKZvi †PZb †mLv‡b †ek `„p n‡q e‡m †M‡Q|
†mUv fyj wQj wK wVK wQj, †m cÖk′ bq, wK‰‧ Gi m‡½ †h ¯^‡`kmÜvb Ri wi wQj mvwn‡Z¨ Zvi
†`Lv †c‡Z GKUz mgqB jvMj| iv¯‭vq c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡bi wecix‡Z GK ¯^vaxb c~e©evsjvi
mÜvbeªZx †h Zi ‡Yiv, iv‡Z wK w`‡b wbf„‡Z Zv‡ì Kj‡g †h gvbyl D‡V Avm‡Q †mLv‡b Avi
c~e©evsjv KB?
Z‡e, IB ÔAvaywbKÕ n‡q-IVvi AvMÖn I †PóvB `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS †_‡K µgk ¯^vaxb
evsjv‡`‡ki w`‡K †h‡Z †h‡Z Zuv‡ì ce©v‰‭i NUvq| hwÌ, lv‡Ui †jLK‡ì A‡b‡KB
cieZ©xKv‡j †h Dcb¨vm wj‡L‡Qb, †mLv‡bI IB wZwi‡k Kw_Z ÔAbvaywbKÕ Dcb¨v‡miB
DËivwaKvi|
cÂv‡ki †jLK‡ì G wn‡me †_‡K mwi‡q ivL‡j, lv‡Ui †jLK‡ì wfZ‡i GKgvÎ
nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki e„Ëvqb bv‡g GKwU Dcb¨vm ev b‡fj cÖKvwkZ nq ivRkvnx †_‡K
c~e©‡gN cwÎKvq; lv‡Ui GK`g †Mvov‡ZB, 1960 mv‡j| Zvici GKwZwik eQi (1991
ch©‰‭) eB nqwb GB iPbv| gvSLv‡b Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx` m¤úvw`Z mv¤cÖwZK avivi Mí-G
(1964) lv‡Ui Ab¨ †jLK‡ì †jLvi m‡½ GwU cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| †Kb GB myLcvV¨ RwUj
gb¯‭vwË¡KZvm¤úb′ iPbvwU †jL‡Ki Aby‡gv`b cvqwb †mB KviY e¨vL¨v K‡i nvmvb AvwRRyj
nK 2000 mv‡j e„Ëvqb-Gi wØZxq cÖKv‡ki gy‡L GKwU f~wgKv wj‡L‡Qb :
...Rxe‡bi GB evB‡ii Av‡eóbxi m‡½ wg‡k wM‡qwQj Avgvi cÖ_g mvZ©-cov
Bw›U‡gwmi Mí¸‡jv, †nwgsI‡qi w` †mœvR Ae wKwjgvbRv‡iv, w` Iìg¨vb A¨vÛ w`
mx, Dc‡fv‡Mi `vi Y †gvngy»Zv; ûkvi&j&-Gi †d‡bv‡g‡bvjwR Avi nvB‡WMv‡ii
wewqs A¨vÛ UvBg covi Avi bv-†evSvi Zxeª D‡ËRbv| G m‡eiB dj e„Ëvqb|
gv_v µ‡g VvÊv n‡q G‡jv| w¯ i aviYv nj †h †jLK wn‡m‡e m`¨ c_ a‡iwQ| e„Ëvqb
cwiZ¨vM Kiv ìKvi| e¨m, P‡j †Mj eBwU we¯§„wZ Avi weiv‡Mi Zjvq|
GB cwiZ¨v‡Mi wm×v‰‭ GKRb Zi Y †jL‡Ki R‡b¨ KwVb e‡U| ïi ‡ZB wb‡Ri mvg‡bi
mnR nuvUvc‡_i wecix‡Z nuvUvi wm×v‰‭| GB KvRwU lv‡Ui †jLK‡ì wfZi mevi Av‡M
nvmvb AvwRRyj nKB K‡iwQ‡jb| GKUz c‡i lv‡Ui †QvUM‡íi cÖeYv¸‡jv‡K Lyu‡R †`L‡Z
†M‡j †mLv‡b G welqwU‡Z nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki ïi i GB wm×v‰‭ MÖn‡Yi welqwU †evSv
hv‡e|
¯^vaxbZvi c‡i cÖKvwkZ (1973-G †hLv‡b LÄbv cvLx bv‡g) nq lv‡Ui †kl w`‡K
(1967) †jLv gvngy`yj n‡Ki Abyi cvVkvjv| G mg‡q gvngy`yj nK Zi Y †jLK wn‡m‡e
cÖwZwôZ| GB Dcb¨v‡m GKwU evj‡Ki Pig wew‪Qb′Zv Av‡Q| IB GKK wew‪Qb′ evj¨Kvj
nq‡Zv AvR Pwjøk eQi ev‡` †e‡o‡QB| wK‰‧ lv‡Ui cÖeYZvq IB wew‪Qb′Zvi m‡½ AvL¨v‡biI
AmgvRmsjM′Zvi welqwU †Pv‡L c‡o| m¤cÖwZ K_vmvwnwZ¨K Avng` †gv¯‭dv Kvgv‡ji m‡½
GK mv¶vrKv‡i gvngy`yj nK IB mg‡qi †jLv‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb, ÔZv‡ì Ici e`‡jqv‡ii
214
bv‡Qvo cÖfveÕ wn‡m‡e| g‡b ivLv ìKvi ey×‡è emy ZZw`‡b cwðg I c~e© Dfq
evsjv‡ZB Abyev‡` I Av‡jvPbvq e`‡jqvixq Rxeb‡e` Kg‡ewk cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb| GwU KweZvi
ÔAvaywbKZvÕi m‡½ hy³ n‡Z cv‡i, wK‰‧ lvU `kKxq cÖeYZvi evB‡i bq †gv‡UB|
Z‡e, e„Ëvqb ev Abyi cvVkvjvi me‡P‡q j¶Yxq I Dc‡fvM¨ Gi fvlv| ZLbI ch©‰‭
cÖev`-cÖePb wK Pwi‡Î msjv‡c c~e©e½xq Aven †Zgb cÖfvex bq G‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨| GKUz
wbweo cv‡V wµqvc‡ì eënv‡i †Kv_vI †Kv_vI †m †Póv †`Lv †M‡jI Zv we‡kl wbwg©wZ
cvqwb| Z‡e nu¨v, fvlvi †¶‡Î GK PgK I `ª wZ ZLb cÖKvwkZ n‡Z ïi  K‡i‡Q, wK gvngy`yj
nK wK nvmvb AvwRRyj nK wK Ab¨ KviI KviI †jLvqI| KviI †jLvq GKgvÎ fvlvB n‡q
DV‡Q welq| KviI Kv‡Q fvlv‡K KZUv gyP‡o eënvi Kiv hvq, †mUvI †hb K_vmvwnZ¨
iPbvi welq n‡q I‡V| GB †KvbIwKQy bZzb iß n‡q-IVv Zv-†h evievi Ki‡Z fv‡jv jv‡M
Zv-I †hb KviI nv‡Z †ek gIKvI †c‡q e‡m| cÂv‡ki KviI KviI nv‡ZI ZLb fvlv †ek
†L‡j DVwQj| Gi Av‡M c~e©e‡½i A‡b‡KiB †jLvq fvwlK AvoóZvi †h welq wQj Zv-I G
mgq †_‡KB ax‡i ax‡i D‡e †h‡Z _v‡K| ZLb msjv‡ci wZh©KZv KLbI-KLbI RbwcÖq
Pjw‪P‡Îi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q †`q| Avi ev‡Kï web¨v‡m GB mg‡q KjKvZvi RbwcÖqZg †jLK
mg‡ik emy, b‡i‱`ªbv_ wgÎ, my‡eva †Nvl, bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq cÖgLy KviI KviI cÖfve GKUz
`~i †_‡KI ai‡Z cviv hvq|
GB mg‡q lv‡Ui †KvbI-†KvbI mvwnZ¨c‡Î I msKj‡b AviI wZbwU Dcb¨v‡mi
weÁvcb †ewi‡qwQj| Gi GKwU KLbI cÖKvk nqwb| Ab¨ `ywUi GKwU GKUz bvg e`‡j,
Ab¨wU GKB bv‡g ¯^vaxbZvi c‡bi eQi ev‡` GKB eQi cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|10 GB weÁvcb
cÖKvk Ges c‡i Dcb¨vm `y‡Uv cÖKvk nIqvq, G‡Z GKwU welq Aek¨ †f‡e †bqv hvq, †mB
ga¨ I †kl lvU †_‡KB Zuv‡ì wfZ‡i Mí iPbvi cvkvcvwk Dcb¨vm iPbvi ZvwM` wQj| Avi
Zv †mB lv‡Ui `k‡K wjwLZ bv-n‡jI AviI c‡i Avwki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS G‡m cÖKvwkZ
nq| †mB Zvi ‡Y¨ IB Dcb¨v‡mi cwiKíbv Zuviv K‡i‡Qb, wK‰‧ wj‡L DV‡Z cv‡ibwb|
nq‡Zv, †m mg‡q Zuv‡ì nv‡Z IB Dcb¨vm wjwLZ nIqvi g‡Zv fvlv wQj bv|
GLv‡b †QvUM‡íi Aóg msKj‡b cÖKvwkZ Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì Dcb¨vm wbe©vwmZ
GKR‡bi (1986) weÁvcbwU j¶ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| †mLv‡b IB mgq‡K aivi Kx fvwlK
†Póv Zi Y GB K_vwkíxi! Avi weÁvc‡bi fvlvq †hb †MvUvKv‡ji mg¯‭ h‰¿Yv‡KB aivi
AvKv‫¶‫‬v :
wØZxq wek¦h‡y ×vËi MÖnY Avµv‰‭ mgq, hvi wbôzi ejvrKv‡i †f‡O c‡o‡Q AvRb¥
Kv‡ji g~j¨‡eva, wek¦vm fv‡jvevmv|
Pvwiw`‡K ïay •bivR¨, h‰¿Yv, Awek¦vm, †jvf, cvc, Møvwb, we‡¶vf Avi g„Zzï
cv‡LvqvR|
215
wbe©vwmZ GKRb
mgKvjxb Rxe‡bi i³v³ gvbwPÎ| †LvKv, iwdK, b„‡cb, k¼i, ax‡ib`v, Kv‡kg
fvB, b~ix, wcqvi  fvB, AwRZ, ingvb fvBqv, iv‡eqv †hb G‡KKwU AvZw¼Z w`M‰‭‭
a~mi wbtm½|
Ôwbe©vwPZ GKRbÕ Avkvf‡½i BwZnvm| e¨_©Zvi cuvPvjx| Ôwbe©vwmZ GKRbÕ Av¸b
Avi i‡³i Avjcbv| Kvb′vi ¯îwjwc| `xN©k¦v‡mi mvbvB|
Zx¶è mgvRm‡PZb, Zi Y K_vwkíx Kv‡qm Avn‡g`-Gi GB `ytmvnwmK cÖ_g Dcb¨vm
AwP‡iB †ei ‡‪Q|
Pvi.
M‡íB lv‡Ui cÖavb K…Zx| KweZvi m‡½ ev cvkvcvwk K_vUv GLv‡b wjL‡Z cvi‡j GK cÖKvi
ZK©g³ y nIqv †hZ| wK‰‧ lv‡Ui Kweiv, `yB-GKRb ev‡`, cÖvq †KDB GB `k‡K Zvi
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KweZv¸‡jv †j‡Lbwb| lv‡Ui `kKfi evsjv KweZv me A‡_©B kvmb K‡i‡Qb I
w`kv w`‡q‡Qb cÂv‡ki Kweiv| lv‡Ui Kweiv L¨vwZgvb n‡q I‡Vb mË‡i G‡m| Iw`‡K lv‡Ui
Mí‡jLK‡ì wfZ‡i K‡qKRb, †hgb : nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, Ave`yj gvb′vb
•mq` I gvngy`yj nK `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS‡Z †cu․‡QB Zuv‡ì mvwnwZ¨KRxe‡bi cÖ_g As‡ki
D‡jøL‡hvM¨ M‡íi K‡qKwU wj‡L‡Qb| gvngy`yj nK ev‡`, cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki eBI cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q
GK ev GKvwaK, G `k‡KB|11 Avevi, GB `k‡KB †KD-†KD, ev GK `kK ev‡` A‡b‡KB
Mí †jLv †Q‡oI †`b| Zey evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ lv‡Ui `kK‡K g‡b †i‡L, MíB lv‡Ui cÖavb
K…Zx| Kwe‡ì m‡½ GLv‡b GKUv‡b K_vUv ej‡Z bv-cvivi Avi-GKwU KviY, GB f~L‡Ê
cÂv‡ki Kweiv cÂv‡kB evsjv KweZvi AvaywbKZvi m‡½ hy³ nb| Avi, lv‡Ui gvSvgvwS wK
¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k A‰‭Z GK ev †ò `kK ZuvivB GB †`‡ki Kv‡e¨ GK‪QÎ †bZ…Z¡ †`b|
d‡j, †h cÖeYZvq cÂv‡ki Kweiv wZwiwk AvaywbK KweZvi m‡½ hy³ †i‡LwQ‡jb, Zv-B
engvb _v‡K| Avi Zuviv cÖvq mevB wZwiwk Kwe‡ì wfZ‡i GKgvÎ ey×‡è emyi ev‡`
Rxebvb‱` `v‡ki Kg‡ewk wkl¨Z¡ †bb, wbwØ©avq|
lv‡Ui GK`g †klw`‡K i‡Yk `vk¸ß †QvUMí cwÎKvq Ôc~e© evsjvi †QvUM‡íi
w`K&`k©bÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi cÖe‡Ü G mg‡qi †QvUMí m¤ú‡K© wj‡LwQ‡jb :
c~e© evsjvi †QvUMí iPwqZv‡ì †h-†Kvb ZvwjKvi w`‡K `„wócvZ Ki‡j Avgv‡ì
ej‡ZB n‡e †h, Avgiv nxbej bB| MZ `yB `k‡K GZ †ewk msL¨K †jLK M‡o IVv
Ab¨ A‡bK †`‡kB m¤¢eZ †`Lv hvq wb| cÖwZkÖ wZ wb‡q mvg‡b G‡m‡Qb, Ggb
A‡b‡K i‡q‡Qb, huv‡ì bvg GLv‡b bv Ki‡jI fwel¨r wbf©i K‡i‡Q Zuv‡ì Ici|
K‡jøvj †Mvôx‡K wN‡iI GZ †jLK mvg‡b GwM‡q Av‡mwb, hv‡ì †QvUMí wb‡q eB
•Zwi n‡q‡Q|
GB cÖeÜwU i‡Yk `vk¸ß wj‡L‡Qb lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †kl eQi A_ev 1970-G| lv‡Ui
†QvUMíPP©vi djvdj m¤ú‡K© ZLb wZwb wbtmskqx| GB As‡ki c‡i G‡m wZwb K‡qKRb
Zi Y †jL‡Ki bvg K‡ib, hviv ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †jLK n‡q-
I‡Vb/nb| Avevi, mvBqx` AvwZKzjøvn&i gZb †KD-†KD c‡i MíPP©v Ae¨vnZ bv-ivL‡jI
cÖKvwkZ GKwU MÖ‡‰ i R‡b¨ cieZ©xKv‡j ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Qb|
216
GB cÖe‡Ü i‡Yk `vk¸ß K‡qKwU mgm¨v wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb :
1| cÖPzi AvKl©Yxq †QvUMí †jLv n‡q‡Q BwZg‡a¨ Ges huviv KuvPv wQ‡jb Zuviv cvKv
†jLK-†jwLKv n‡q‡Qb| bexb-bexbvivI msL¨vq Kg bq| [...] Zey g‡b nq,
GL‡bv †hb Avgv‡ì †jLK-†jwLKv‡ì g‡b R¡j‰‭ AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi Afve i‡q‡Q|
wØZxqZ g‡b nq, Avgv‡ì †QvUMí Avgv‡ì RbwP‡ËI GKUv †`vjv m„wó K‡i
DV‡Z cv‡i wb GL‡bv, Avb‡Z cv‡i wb cÖwZwbqZ cÖZ¨vkv|
2| cÖ_g welqwU n‡‪Q Avgv‡ì DËivwaKvi aviv| Avgv‡ì †jLK-†jwLKviv MZ
cÖvq GKk eQ‡ii evsjv †QvUM‡íi †h DËivwaKvix, †mB aviv i‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì
cvVK-cvwVKv‡ì g‡b Pvwn`vi cÖvYe‰‭ wbq‰‭v wn‡m‡e| ARmª cix¶v-wbix¶v
NU‡Q G avivq| GB avivq wbiew‪Qb′ mvabvi cÖqvm Av‡Q, Avevi cÖPÊ we‡`ªv‡ni
¯^v¶i Av‡Q welqe¯‧ I wkíiƒ‡ci w`K w`‡q| i‡q‡Q wbQK †K․ZzKcÖeYZv Ges
Mfxi A‰‭`„©wói cwiPq| i‡q‡Q e¨vcK AwfÁZv I mnvbyf~wZi djkÖ wZ| [...]
AvaywbK evsjv KweZvi aviv hwÌ-ev KLbI-KLbI RbwPË‡K ¯úk© Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb, AvaywbK †QvUM‡íi aviv G w`K w`‡q KLbI e¨_© nq wb|
3| g~javiv‡K †hb cvk KvwU‡q hvIqv n‡‪Q| mg¯‭ wkíxi mg¯‭ †jLv GKÎ K‡iI
Avgiv MZ †ZBk eQ‡ii RbRxe‡bi Mí¸‪Q cv‡ev bv| Avgiv Avgv‡ì Rxe‡b
g~j cÖev‡ni †PZbv I Ae‡PZb iƒcK hwèv cvB, Zv‡ìI G‡Kev‡i QvovQvov,
fv½vfvw½fv‡e cv‡ev| †hgb D`vniY ¯îƒc ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, evsjv fvlv
Av‡‱`vj‡bi NUbvewji wfwË‡Z †hme †QvUMí †jLv n‡q‡Q, †m¸‡jv nq AwZ
fveyK, bq‡Zv NUbvcwÄ| `v½vi Ici †h K‡qKwU Mí †jLv n‡q‡Q, †m
K‡qKwUI wew‪Qb′ I e¨ÄbvZ¥K †_‡K wM‡q‡Q| GB w`KUv‡K GZ †ewk cwigv‡Y
Avgv‡ì †QvUM‡í bvwg wkíxiv Gwo‡q wM‡q‡Qb †h, GKUvi ci GKUv †QvUM‡íi
eB †kl K‡i g‡b nq †Kv_vq †hb duvK i‡q †Mj|
i‡Yk `vk¸ß GB mgKvjxb we‡køl‡Y G mg‡qi M‡íi BwZ I †bwZ-evPK w`K¸‡jv ms‡¶‡c
AZ¨‰‭ ¯úófv‡e Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| wK‰‧ GB GKUz Av‡M hv‡K m¤¢vebvgq BwZevPK ejv n‡‪Q,
Zv‡K nq‡Zv GK Uv‡b †bwZevPK, G‡¶‡Î mgKvjxb h‰¿Yv, R½gZv I Zi½-wegyL ejvI wVK
hyw³‡Z Auv‡U bv| gvb‡Z ev‡av ev‡av †V‡K| †KvbI mvgwMÖK cÖeYZv‡K IB mgKv‡j hZ
mn‡R †bwZi †Lvj‡k Rov‡bv hvq, ZZ `ª ZB Zv A‰‭tmvik~b¨ n‡q IVvi R‡b¨ mg‡qi
wn‡m‡e h‡_ó bq| K_vmvwn‡Z¨ cÖvq mv¤cÖwZK NUbvµgI †Zv me mgq IB mgKv‡j h_v_©
cÖwZfvwmZ nq bv| GLv‡b gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq I D`y©fvlvi †jLK mvÕ`Z nvmvb gv‡‱Uvi
`ywf©¶ I †`kfv‡Mi cUf~wg‡Z Zvr¶wYK iPbvi K…wZZ¡‡K g‡b ivLwQ| ¯§i‡Y Av‡Q, Rqbyj
Av‡ew`‡bi Agi wPÎKjv¸‡jv‡KI| GI †Zv mwZ¨ ZLb Zuviv wkíx ev †jLK ev wPÎKi
wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ| wK‰‧ GKwU mg‡qi Zi YZi mvwnwZ¨K‡ì †jLvq cÖvq mgKvjxb NUbvµg
†Kb `vbv †eu‡a DV‡Q bv, Zv wb‡q wVK IB mg-mg‡q KvVMovq ùvov Kiv‡bv hvq bv| nq‡Zv
IB NUbvµg KLbI-KLbI Zuv‡ì e¨w³gvb‡m †h cÖej Qwe Gu‡KwQj, ZvI GKB m‡½
wPwýZ nIqvi `vwe iv‡L| i‡Yk `vk¸ß Zv h_v_©B wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| ïay wPwýZB K‡ibwb
m¤¢vebv‡KI †`wL‡q‡Qb mg¯‭ m¤¢vebvi cv‡k †i‡L| IB mg‡q GwU Zuv‡ì †QvUM‡íi cÖ_g I
cÖvÁ GKR‡bi Kv‡Q mvgwóK ¯^xK…wZ AR©b| GUzKz Avgv‡ì Rvbv Av‡Q, IB Aw‰‭g cvwK¯‭v‡b
†Zv e‡UB, AvRI †h †KvbI cÖKvi Zvi Y¨‡K ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z G f~L m`v KzwÉZ| µxov ev
217
msMxZKjvi g‡Zv welq `k©K I †kªvZvi Kvi‡Y hZ mn‡R c~e©R‡ì Cl©vRR©i Aby‡gv`b
cvq, mvwnZ¨ Zv †KvbIw`bI cvq bv| cvqIwb| nq‡Zv cvIqvi K_vI bq| Zvi Ici GB
e½f~wg wPiw`bB Cl©vq K¬v‰‭ n‡Z cQ‱` K‡i, KLbIB K‡g© bq| Z‡e G‡¶‡Î evsjv‡`‡ki
lv‡Ui †jLKiv Aíwe¯‭i e¨wZµg I fvMëvb| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq Zvi ‡Y¨B Zuv‡ì
¯^xK…wZ Ry‡U‡Q| nq‡Zv Zuv‡ì mw¤§wjZ m„wókxj cÖqvmB wQj cÖavb mnvqK|
L.
`k‡Ki ïi ‡ZB AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡ib nvmvb AvwRRyj nK| †hgb, 1976-G Zuvi mgKvjxb
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi cÖ_g eB cÖKv‡ki c‡i wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÔAevK n‡q
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi Mí cwo| KZ Kvj Av‡M, †mB 1960 mv‡j mgKvj cwÎKvq Zuvi
Mí †ewi‡qwQj Ô¯^MZ g„Zzï cUf~wgÕ| †m M‡íi cÖvq wKQyB g‡b c‡o bv wK‰‧ G Mí †h
GKw`b c‡owQjvg, †m K_v GLbI fyj‡Z cvwi bv|Õ GB 1960 mv‡jB cÖKvwkZ nq nvmvb
AvwRRyj n‡Ki Mí ÔkKzbÕ, mgKvj-GB| cÖ_g M‡íB wZwb A‡bK cwiYZ, welqvbyM; Avi
Zuvi b‱`b wek¦vmI †mLv‡b ¯úó| KvQvKvwQ mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki Mí Lye GB c‡_ nuv‡Uwb|
ÔkKzbÕ-G RM`xk ¸ß I gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi Mí-cÖKi‡Yi m‡½ Lye `~i †_‡K GKcÖKvi
†hvMv‡hvM, A‰‭Z mg_©b Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| cÖvq Rg‡Ri g‡Zv cÖKvwkZ nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki
cÖ_g `y‡Uv MíMÖ‰  : 1. mgy‡`ªi ¯^cœ kx‡Zi AiY¨ (1964); I 2. AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ
(1967)| GB `y‡Uv MíMÖ‡‰ B wZwb c~e© cvwK¯‭vb Z_v evsjv Mímvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg kw³gvb
K_vmvwnwZ¨‡Ki gh©v`vq Awfwl³ nb|
nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki GB ïi B G cÖR‡‰§i cÖvq me Mí †jL‡KiB †gvUvgywU
cÖ¯‧wZKvj| hwÌ ÔkKzbÕ co‡j g‡b nq, Abvqvm cÖ¯‧wZm¤úb′ GB †jLK :
b¨vov †ejZjv †_‡K GKUz `~‡i cÖvq mK‡ji †Pv‡Li mvg‡bB MZiv‡Zi kKzbUv g‡i
c‡o Av‡Q| givi Av‡M †m wKQy Mjv gvsm ewg K‡i‡Q| KZ eo jvM‡Q Zv‡K!
†Vuv‡Ui cvk w`‡q L‡oi UzK‡iv †ewi‡q Av‡Q| Wvbv Svg‡o, wPr n‡q, cv `y‡Uv Ici
w`‡K ¸wU‡q †m c‡o Av‡Q| `‡j `‡j AviI kKzb bvg‡Q Zvi cv‡kB| wK‰‧ kKzb
kKz‡bi gvsm Lvq bv| giv kKzbUvi cv‡k c‡o i‡q‡Q A‡a©vùzU GKwU gvby‡li wkï|
ZviB †jv‡f Avm‡Q kKz‡bi `j| wPrKvi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z| Db¥‡Ëi gZ|
Avkcv‡ki evwo¸‡jv †_‡K gvbyl †W‡K wb‡q Avm‡Q g„Z wkïwU| B KvR K¨v Kij
†Mv †g‡q-cyi ‡li wfo R‡g †Mj Av‡¯‭ Av‡¯‭| ïay Kv`y †k‡Li weaev †evb‡K †`Lv
hvq bv| †m Amy¯ | w`‡bi Pov Av‡jvq Zv‡K d¨vKv‡k †`Lv‡‪Q|
GB mg‡q Ô¯^MZ g„Zzï cUf~wgÕ12 AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm‡K e„nËi cvV‡Ki mvg‡b cÖ_g
cÖwZkÖ wZkxj wn‡m‡e Zz‡j a‡i| G M‡íi cUf~wg ÔkKz‡bÕi GKev‡iB wecixZ| †jL‡Ki
ZLbI ch©‰‭ `„wófw½ bvMwiK, GKBm‡½ RxebwegyLI| c‡i GB MíwU mv¤cÖwZK avivi Mí-
G (1964) MÖw‰ Z K‡i m¤úv`K Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx` f~wgKvq wj‡LwQ‡jb, ÔAve`yj gvb′vb
•mq` Ges AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm cÖvq GK m‡½ mvwn‡Z¨ cÖ‡ek K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuviv GL‡bv
mvwnwZ¨K mnhvÎx, hwÌ Zv‡ì g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ we¯‭i| kw³gvb `yR‡bB, †Kbbv Zv bv n‡j
GZw`‡b GKRb Avi GKR‡bi AbyMvgx n‡Zb| Zey Bwjqvm giweW I ¯úk©KvZi; •mq`
†MÖv‡U¯‥ I Awek¦vmx| Bwjqv‡mi M‡íi `~ic‡bq weK…wZ †`‡L hviv wkD‡i I‡Vb, ZuvivI Zuv‡K
kw³kvjx bv e‡j cv‡ib bv|Õ
218
IB ga¨-lv‡Ui `k‡K KÉ¯î m¤úv`‡Ki g‰‭e¨ AvR Avi nq‡Zv wePvh© bq| Z‡e
ZLb wZwb mgKvjxb `yRb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Zi Y K_vmvwnwZ¨‡Ki mvwnwZ¨K cÖeYZv wPwýZ
K‡i‡Qb| c‡i lv‡Ui †k‡l ev mË‡ii ïi ‡Z AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm Zuvi M‡íi GB cÖeYZv
†_‡KI m‡i Av‡mb| LyeB m‡PZbfv‡e| cÖ_g MíMÖ¯  Ab¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯î GB welq Avw½K I
†K․k‡ji wgj A‡bK K‡ó ïay Ôwbi ‡Ïk hvÎvÕq Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq| Avgv‡ì Kv‡jI A‡b‡Ki
GB M‡íi cÖwZ fv‡jvjvMv dzivq bv; GgbwK AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi GB m‡PZb m‡i
Avmv wb‡qI KviI-KviI K‡É AvRI Av‡¶c S‡i c‡o| Iw`‡K `yB-GKwU e¨wZµ‡g bv-
ZvKv‡j Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` Zuvi ïi i GKK Awfhvb †_‡K Lye m‡i Av‡mbwb|
lv‡Ui ga¨fvM ch©‰‭ M‡íi GB †h cÖeYZv, g~jZ GKKZv †_‡K †h․_Zvi w`‡K hvÎv
hv wb‡q i‡Yk `vk¸ß †ek D®§vi my‡i Mvjg‱Ì K‡i‡Qb, Zv G mg‡q M‡íB Kg‡ewk cvIqv
hv‡e|
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi M`¨ I wel‡qi w`‡K †PvL †div‡bv hvK|
1. ÔAZ‱`ªÕi †k‡li Av‡M :
AB AÜKvi¸‡jvi g‡a¨, wb¯‭ä ivwÎi AvKvk I c„w_exi g‡a¨ †h nvRvi nvRvi
g„Zz¨ jywK‡q i‡q‡Q Zvi †fZi †_‡K K‡qKwU nvZ aivawi K‡i, `yM©Ü cuvPovi
i‡m Zv‡i wm³, †bvOiv nvZ, c·-Iqv‡W©, GB AvVv‡iv b¤î wW.wm. ivq †iv‡W
G‡m‡Q| †mB jvj wmuwo †e‡q AB NiUvi Kv‡Q nvgv¸wo w`‡Z ïi  K‡i‡Q Iiv|
Zvici †jvKUvi Aw¯‭‡Z¡i cÖwZwU †PZbvq wb‡R‡ì wew¶ß K‡i w`j| cv‡ki
†e‡Wi WªvBfvi f`ª‡jvK GKUv AùzU a″wb K‡i cvk wdij|
2. Ô¯^MZ g„Zzï cUf~wgÕi ïi ‡Z :
m~‡h©i cÖLi AÜKvi I ARmª gvby‡li fqven wbR©bZvq †Mvi¯‭v‡bi M„n¯  k‡eiv
AvZ©bv` K‡i DVj| GbmvB‡K¬vwcwWqvi ùxZKvq Aeqe GB Avðh© my‡hv‡Mi
mØënv‡i AvMÖnkxj e‡j Ae‡PZbZi myo‡½ c‡_i cÖZ¨vkx †hLv‡b GB keeM©
mgy‡`ªi mÜvbx nevi R‡b¨ cÖvYcY cÖqv‡m e¨vc„Z|
mgy‡`ªi mykxZj wK‰‧ Mfxi bxj Aw¯‭‡Z¡i †M․i‡e DËß| Aw¯‭‡Z¡i †M․i‡e
gnvb bv mg¯‭UvB mycwiKwíZ, mywPw‰‭Z, Ges mygvwR©Z GKUv fvb g¯‭ e‡ov
†KvbI cÖZviYv? wekªv‡gi K¬vw‰‭‡Z wbg′Zg gh©v`v w`‡q mg‡qi †h ¯ ~j Aeqe
cÖKvwkZ nq Zv‡KB wK gvbweK g~j¨‡eva e‡j hvi †j․wKK cÖwZkã †m′n, †cÖg,
fv‡jvevmv ejvUv‡K mym¤ú~Y© Ki‡Z †M‡j †µva, N„Yv, wnsmv cÖf„wZ? mgy‡`ªi GB
bxj wK †Kv‡bv ¯ vb †hLvb †_‡K †klivwÎi Mvwo aiv hvq? bv mvivivwÎ Kvgo
†L‡Z †L‡Z †Uª‡bi NÈvi R‡b¨ wbk¦vm ¸b‡Z nq?
gvbyl iv¯‭vq ùvwo‡q gvbyl †Mv‡b! KweZvq mÜ¨vi cvwL †Mv‡b; wK‰‧ wbk¦vm
†Mv‡b bv|
3. Ôwbi ‡Ïk hvÎvÕi ïi  :
GB g‡bvig g‡bv‡Uvbvm kn‡i A‡bKw`b ci AvR my‱ì e„wó nj| ivZ
GMv‡ivUvi ci nq nq, GL‡bv iv¯‭vq wiKkv Pj‡Q Qj Qj K‡i †hb †MvwUqvi
we‡j †KD †b․Kv evB‡Q, ÔZvovZvwo K‡iv ev‡n, XvKvi Mvwo eywS Qvwo hvq|Õ
Avgvi Rvbjvq †iv`biƒcmx e„wói gvZvj wgDwRK, cvZvevnv‡ii wf‡R MÜfiv
mvwi, welvèY© †Ìqvj; A‡bKw`b ci AvR Avgvi fvwi fv‡jv jvM‡Q|...
219
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi lv‡Ui `k‡K †jLv GB wZbwU M‡íi D`vniY lv‡Ui ïi  †_‡K
gvSvgvwS ch©‰‭ GKRb †jL‡Ki M`¨ I wel‡qi cÖeYZv‡K †`‡L wb‡Z| c‡i wZwb evsjv
mvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg kw³kvjx K_vwkíx| Lye AevK welq GB wZwb GB wew‪Qb′ e¨w³i GKK
mgm¨v †_‡K m‡i Av‡mb ¯úó m‡PZbfv‡e| Ab¨ N‡i Ab¨ ¯î-Gi wØZxq M‡íB wZwb
Ab¨ÎMvgx|
GZ¶Y †h cÖeYZvi K_v e‡j Gi BwZ-†bwZi cÖm½I Uvbv nj, Zvi aib I Mob I
iƒcvqY BwZg‡a¨ wewfb′fv‡e ejvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e, Dc‡ii Mí¸‡jvi m‡½ GB
mg‡qi AviI `yB-GKwU Mí GLv‡b D‡jøL Ki‡j welqwU nq‡Zv Avi-GKUz †Lvjvmv nq|
GLv‡b mgKvjxb AviI wZbRb †jL‡Ki †jLv †_‡K LvwbKUv D×…Z KiwQ : Ave`yj
gvb′vb •mq`, knx`yi ingvb I kv‡Ki †P․ayix| knx`yi ingvb I kv‡Ki †P․ayix Mí-Qvov Avi
cÖvq wKQyB †j‡Lbwb| eû c‡i knx`yi ingv‡bi GKgvÎ MíMÖ‰  cÖKvwkZ n‡jI kv‡Ki
†P․ayixi †KvbI eB AvRI cÖKvwkZ nqwb|
1. Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq‡ì ÔPgrKvi Ae‡PZbÕ †_‡K :
cyKzi cv‡k g¯‭ GKUv ev`vg MvQ MÖvgxY gby‡g‡‱Ui g‡Zv D‡V †M‡Q AvKv‡k|
weivU ev`vg MvQUvi †KvU‡i evmv K‡i‡Q K‡qKwU cvwL; A‡bK w`b †_‡K evey
ej‡Q cvo‡e, wK‰‧ cÖvq Wvjcvjvnxb †gvUv MvQUvq mvaviYfv‡e Pov Am¤¢e, wmuwo
jvwM‡q DV‡Z n‡e| GKUv KvVweovjx MvQ †_‡K †b‡e PwK‡Z ev`vwg cvZvi wfo
gvwo‡q Lm&Lm& kã Zz‡j `ª Z we`yy¨‡Zi g‡Zv P‡j †Mj †Kv_vq| g‱Uz ùvwo‡q c‡o
a~mi, ev`wg, cvUwK‡j cvZvi iO †`L‡jv, A‡Pbv wewgkª NÖvY wb‡jv, Zvici kv`v
c‡_i K¼vj a‡i cyKz‡ii kvb euvav‡bv Nv‡U G‡m †cu․Qj|
Nv‡U wbgWv‡ji ùvZb w`‡q ùvZ gvR‡Z-gvR‡Z Mí KiwQj evey I Avi KRb
†Q‡j| g‱Uz kv‡b e‡m I‡ì m‡½ GUv-IUv K_v ejv Avi¤¢ Kij| kªveY gv‡mi
Dchy©cwi e„wói ga¨ †_‡K †ewo‡q G‡m GB w`bUv †hb Sibv Avi cÖRvcwZ, m~h©
Avi KzKzi, dzj Avi Av‡jv wb‡q R¡jwQj; D¾¡j wb¯‭vc †iv`, nwir gkv‡ji g‡Zv
G‡KKUv MvQ, Mv‡Qi †fZ‡i jy‡KvPzwi Kiv †iv` †hb gy‡³v Qyu‡o wn‡i jy‡d †Ljv
Ki‡Q GiKg GKUv w`b †cÖwgKvi bxj wPwVi g‡Zv G‡m co‡Q c„w_ex‡Z|
2. knx`yi ingv‡bi ÔweovjÕ †_‡K :

Bw½Z Qov‡‪Q| AÜKvi bvg‡e| ¸uwo¸uwo e„wói g‡Zv bvg‡e| cvcvi nvwm-nvwm
d‡Uv †X‡K hv‡e| gv‡qi jvRyK-jvRyK d‡Uv †X‡K hv‡e| cvcvi wK‡b Avbv
g‡Wj †X‡K hv‡e| I Qwei nvwm †`L‡j Avgvi fq K‡i| †Nb′v jv‡M| Avi Mv
wNb wNb K‡i| †duvm kã| †e‡Âi bx‡P †hLv‡b AÜKv‡ii †Xjv¸‡jv Rgv n‡‪Q,
†mLvb †_‡K weovjUv Qy‡U †ewi‡q †Mj| Avi wVK GB mv‡_ GKwU ev‪Pv wgD wgD
K‡i KwK‡q DVj|
3. kv‡Ki †P․ayixi Ôkix‡i evmbv wQjÕ †_‡K :

wb`vi Y wegl© wP‡Ë mvivc_ †nu‡U‡Q| Kuv‡a †Svjv‡bv GKUv Kvc‡oi e¨v‡M Zvi
cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbmcÎ eB AvR fxlY ¸i fvi †VK‡Q| mnmv wPey‡K nvZ ivL‡Z
†cje gm„Y myL-¯úk© ev¯‭eZvq †U‡b Av‡b| G Kqw`‡b †LuvPv †LuvPv `vwo
220
MwR‡qwQj| iv¯‭vq Avm‡Z Avm‡Z GKUv †mjy‡b Xy‡K cÖ_‡gB †¶․iKvh© †m‡i
†bq| cwi‡aq †cvkv‡Ki gwjbZv Qvwc‡qI ivRx‡ei AhZ′jvwjZ kix‡i GKUv
FRyZv †mv‪Pvi|
Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq`, knx`yi ingvb I kv‡Ki †P․ayixi M‡íi GB eY©bvi aib wKQyw`b ev‡`
wjL‡Z ïi  Kiv Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì M‡íI cvIqv hvq| Z‡e †mLv‡b Ggb e¨w³MZ RwUjZv
I AvZ¥cxwoZ wbtm½Zvi †P‡q e¨w³i civRq I ¶q Avi A‰‭M©Z AvkvnZZv A‡bK †ewk
Zxeª|
†gvUgvU Zuv‡ì †h mvgwMÖK cÖeYZv, G ch©‰‭ Zv m‡e‡P‡q †ewk Zxeª fvlvq| fvlvi
w`‡K Zuv‡ì (mw¤§wjZ) g‡bv‡hvM M‡íi welq‡K Ggbfv‡e mvg‡b wb‡q Av‡m †h KLbI-
KLbI g‡b nq †hb fvlv cowQ; GgbwK fvlvPP©vi GB AveZ© M‡íi PwiÎ‡KI KLbI-KLbI
wVKVvK ùvov‡Z †`q bv| ZLb g‡b nq, M‡í fvlvB ùvwo‡q Av‡Q ïaygvÎ| Mí †bB| d‡j
GB mg‡qi Mí Ggb Mínxb nIqvi cÖeYZvI Av‡Q GK A‡_©| hw` M‡í Mí‡K Lyu‡R †`Lvi
†KvbIgvÎ AwfcÖvq _v‡K cvV‡Ki Zv Avi ZLb Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq †Kv_vq? Avevi KLbI-
KLbI †h PwiÎ‡K †jLK mvg‡b Avb‡Z Pvb Avi IB Pwi‡Îi m‡½ hy³ welq A_ev wel‡qi
m‡½ hy³ PwiÎ ZLb G `y‡Uv mvdj¨ gvLvgvwL n‡q ùvwo‡q hvq A_ev `y‡Uvi cÖwZ Acwimxg
†Suv‡K GKUvi m‡½ AbÜv wVKg‡Zv Rovq bv| Z‡e K‡qK eQ‡ii wfZ‡iB GB cÖeYZv
KvwU‡q I‡Vb cÖvq mevB|
G mg‡qi †KvbI †KvbI Mí-welqK cÖe‡Ü G K_v¸‡jv ejvI n‡q‡Q| KLbI-
KLbI Zv wb‡RivB kbv³ K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e AvR IB Mí¸‡jvi †KvbI †KvbIwU iwPZ nIqvi
cÖvq Pwjøk-cuqZvwjøk eQi ev‡` †hfv‡e wPwýZ Kiv m¤¢e n‡‪Q, †mfv‡e nq‡Zv bq| IB
mg‡q Zv m¤¢eI wQj bv| IB mgKvjxb ivR‣bwZK •eix APjvqZ‡b †muwa‡q †_‡K AvR‡Ki
wK `yB-GK `kK Av‡Mi we‡ePbvq wPwýZ Kiv †mw`b †KvbIfv‡e m¤¢e wQj bv| d‡j AvR
IB mg‡qi M‡í fvlvPP©v‡K †g‡b wb‡q wbwðZ e¨w³PP©v A_ev e¨w³i GKK msK‡Ui †h
ÔBD‡ivcxqÕ Qwe cÖvq AuvKv n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b nq Zv‡K †Zv IB cvwK¯‭vb Dcwb‡ek I cÖvq
`kKe¨vcx (1956 †_‡K) mvgwiK kvmb Avµv‰‭Zvi wfZi w`‡q †`L‡j †ek †g․j cÖeYZv
e‡jB VvIi nq| Zv †evSvI hvq, e¨w³i IB Rxebhvc‡b, e¨w³i IB wP‰‭vq †h wP‰‭vq Avm‡j
Mí‡jLK wb‡RB Ave„Z| IB e¨w³, †h e¨w³ †`kfvM-DËi c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡b h_v_©B i M&Y
gw¯‭‡®‥ c½y, †h R‡b¨ Zvi •`bw‱`b nZvkvI †hgb Kv‡U bv, Avi IB i ×Zv †_‡K †m
†ei ‡ZI cv‡i bv †KvbIfv‡e| GB e¨w³ Avevi Mí‡jL‡Ki wP‰‭vi e¨w³i gZb BD‡ivcxqI
bq cy‡ivcywi|13 e½xqKi‡Y Zv A‡bKLvwbKB cvj‡U †M‡Q| GwU iƒcv‰‭i bq| IB ÔmvZ
mgyÏyi †Zi b`xÕ cv‡ii mvwn‡Z¨ †hwU cÖ_g I wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i Av‡Mi I c‡ii welq, GLv‡b
†mwU cvwK¯‭v‡bi †Niv‡Uv‡c ew‱` hye‡Ki wbõj nvnvKvi| AvR †m †`‡ki wfZ‡i ci‡`kx|
Zvi †g‡Ni Rj Zvi bq| Zvi wPivqZ b`xi cÖevnI Zvi bq| GB R‡b¨ nq‡Zv Zvi †¯øvMvb,
Ô†Zvgvi Avgvi wVKvbv : cÙv †gNbv hgybvÕ| Zvi kvmK Zv‡K f„Z¨ g‡b K‡i| d‡j cvwK¯‭vb
†Zv Zv‡K mn‡RB IB nZvkvi wfZi w`‡q ax‡i ax‡i Ôgwe©WÕ, mgv‡Ri m‡½ Gu‡U DV‡Z bv-
†c‡i ÔAvDUmvBWviÕ K‡i Zzj‡e| wb‡Ri KiZ‡j hw` A‡bï gyL †`Lv hvq, ZLb wb‡Ri gyL
AviI †ewk A¯úó I AcwiwPZ| Z‡e, KiZjwU mZ¨| Zvi Qvc, Qvc n‡jI mZ¨| Avi †mB
m‡½ †mLv‡b G‡m Rgv-nIqv Rxebhvc‡bi †mªvZ¸‡jv‡KI †Zv A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv|
221
GKUz `~i †_‡K n‡jI GB e¨w³‡KB cvIqv hvq †QvUM‡íi cÖ_g msL¨v (1967)
cÖKvwkZ Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì Mí Ô†divix em‰‭‡K Lyu‡RÕ‡Z| m¤úv`K Kvgvj web gvnZve †h
Mí m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡Qb, ÔwPivPwiZ †cÖ‡gi Mí, e³‡eÏ †Zgb wKQy AwfbeZ¡ wQj bv; wK‰‧
Avgvi gb †K‡owQj Zvi aviv‡jv myVvg M`¨fw½|Õ GB †QvUM‡í Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì cÖKvwkZ
Ab¨ `y‡Uv M‡íiI wk‡ivbvg ÔAc~Y©, Zzwg e¨_© wek¦Õ I ÔcÖZviK †RvQbvÕ| GB cÖKvi bvgKiY,
bvgKi‡Yi wfZ‡iB iPwqZvi A‰‭Z©j †_‡K aiv c‡o A‰‭e©³e¨| Avi lvU `k‡Ki †jLK
wn‡m‡e Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì GKUz †R¨ô Kvgvj web gvnZv‡ei Kv‡Q M‡íi welq Avm‡j bZzb
wKQyI bq| nq‡Zv GR‡b¨B Kv‡qm Avn‡g` ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i wb‡Ri cÖ_g eB‡q GB mg‡qi
GKwU Mí‡KI RvqMv †`bwb| AÜ Zxi›`v‡R (1978) e¨w³i GKK e„Ëve×Zv †_‡K †ewi‡q
Avmvi †Póv _vK‡jI, bvgKiYmn wel‡qI KLbI-KLbI IB cÖeYZv aiv c‡o‡Q| Ô†divix
em‰‭‡K Lyu‡RÕi †kl w`‡K g~j Pwi‡Îi wbR¯^ fvebv :
bv, bv, †m AvR †KvbI Aïf wP‰‭v †Kvi‡e bv| nZvkv bq AvR ïay cÖZ¨vkv| hv
Aïf, hv Amy‱ì Zv‡K †m fyj‡e| weMZ w`‡bi †mB k~b¨ nvnvKviUv‡K AvR †m g‡b
VuvB †`‡e bv| ¯§„wZ hw` mvg‡b G‡m ùvovq, †m Zvi g‡bi ìRv eÜ K‡i †`‡e|
AvB. G. cvk Kivi ci evev †hw`b †evj‡jb : Avgvi hZUzKz mva¨ Avwg †Kv‡iwQ,
Gevi †Zvgvi `vwqZ¡, Avgvq †invB `vI, Avwg K¬v‰‭| †mw`b †_‡KB ev¯‭‡ei mv‡_
Av‡bvqv‡ii MuvUQov euvav coj| Rxe‡bi wbôzi †Pnviv †`‡L w`‡b w`‡b †m wkD‡i
D‡V‡Q|
[...]
†PvL PvB‡Z cvi‡Q bv| Dòaviv †ewi‡q G‡jv| g‡b †nv‡jv †hb i³ †ewi‡q Avm‡Q|
cjvk MvQUv Avi †`Lv hv‡‪Q bv|
ïay ïK‡bv nvIqvi AÆnvwm| `yÕnv‡Z Kvb †P‡c aij Zey †m nvwm DËvj †nv‡q
DV‡Q| g‡b †nv‡jv cøvUdg©Uv duvKv, me hvÎx wd‡i †M‡Q †KD †bB ïay GKv| †mB
wbR©b cøvUd‡g© GKvKx e‡m GK mgq Ii g‡b fq Xy‡K †Mj : †m wK †Kv‡i c_ wP‡b
evox wd‡i hv‡e!
ÔAc~Y©, Zzwg e¨_© wek¦Õ †_‡K :

we‡K‡ji g‡i hvIqv nj‡` Av‡jvUv GZ¶Y †Ljv KiwQj †bvUb cvqivi g‡Zv, GK
mgq Rvbjv M‡j D‡o †M‡Q| AÜKvi GLb †eov‡ji g‡Zv N‡ii †fZ‡i †nu‡U
†eov‡‪Q wbtkã cv‡q| ï‡q ï‡q Ac~Y©evey Abyfe Ki‡jb wZwb e‡ov GKv, e‡Çv
†ewk wbtm½| mevB †Kgb †hb `~‡i m‡i hv‡‪Q; A_ev, Ac~Y©evey wb‡R‡K ¸wU‡q
wb‡‪Qb, †KvbUv?
evB‡ii RMrUv Zuv‡K Wv‡K gv‡S gv‡S| Zuvi †fZ‡i ZLb GKUv Av‡µvk gv_v
†Kv‡U| A¶g cv `y‡Uv weQvbvi Ici †Vv‡Kb| Kvb′v cvq| †fZ‡i †fZ‡i wZwb
†Q‡jgvby‡li g‡Zv dzj‡Z _v‡Kb Awfgv‡b| Zvici GKmgq Zv wb‡¯‭R n‡q Av‡m
K¬v‰‭ we‡K‡ji g‡Zv| ZLb B‪Qv bv _vK‡jI wZwb Rvbjvi evB‡i †iv‡ì wSwjwgwj
†`‡Lb, †cqviv Mv‡Q KwP cvZvi Kuvcb †`‡Lb, nvIqvq †f‡m Avmv gvby‡li K_v
†kv‡bb, A_ev GK Møvm Rj Lvb gxiv‡K †W‡K| Zvici K¬v‰‭ WvB‡bvm‡ii g‡Zv
222
wbR©xe c‡o _v‡Kb| KLbI KLbI `xN©k¦v‡mi g‡Zv †kwj AvIovb : I fall upon
the thorns of life! I bleed!
[...]
`ª Z nv‡Z nvwi‡Kb wbwf‡q w`‡jb| N‡ii †fZi AÜKvi Wvbv †gj‡j Ac~Y©evey †mB
cÖv‣MwZnvwmK Auvav‡ii †fZi A_e© †`nUv wb‡q AvZ¥‡Mvcb Kivi R‡b¨ AvKzj n‡q
DV‡jb|
gyw³hy‡×i w`‡K Pwjòz c~e©evsjvi GB weewglvMÖ¯‭Zv KvwU‡q IVvi mw¤§wjZ cÖqvm

c‡i evsjv †QvUM‡íi R‡b¨ cÖvYmÂvix nq|
M.
Z‡e nu¨v, e¨w³i GKK, GKKZvi m½x mw¤§wjZ A‰‭R©j ¡ b Avi IB Jcwb‡ewkKZvi R‡Ui
wfZ‡i ew‱` e¨w³‡K mvwn‡Z¨ ¯ vb w`‡Z nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë I gvngy`j y
nK GKUz †ewk †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv e¨wZµg wQ‡jb lv‡Ui `k‡K| wVK e¨wZµgx e‡j nq‡Zv
Zuv‡ì Avjv`v K‡i †djv n‡e lv‡Ui Ô†g․jÕ cÖeYZv ev cÖeYZv¸‡jv †_‡K| Zv nq‡Zv wVKI
bh| GKwU cÖR‡b¥i mvgwMÖK cÖeYZvi wewfb′ NvZcÖwZNv‡Zi †h gvÎv _v‡K, †mLv‡b IB †`k
ev iv‡óªi f~‡Mvj _v‡K wK‰‧ Zuv‡ì KviI KviI †¶‡Î ivóªxq ev fvlviv‡óªi f~‡Mvj me mgq
Kvh©Kifv‡e †Pv‡L c‡owb; ivRbxwZi m‡½ e¨w³i mivmwi hy³Zv _v‡K Ahy³ZvI _v‡K, hv-B
_vKzK Zv‡Z wfZ‡i wfZ‡i GK cÖKvi R¡j‡bi †Zv m„wó nq †mB R¡j‡bi g~Z© ev weg~Z© iƒc
KLbI-KLbI PP©vi m½x n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i mewg‡j Zv-†h mevi Kj‡gi WMv w`‡q S‡i S‡i
co‡e GKK ¯î n‡q ZvB-ev fvev hvq Kxfv‡e? eis ïi ‡Z mgMÖÕi wfZ‡i GKKZvi GK
c_ KvUv †h‡Z cv‡i, †h c_ ax‡i ax‡i mgMÖ cÖR‡b¥i c_ wn‡m‡e fwel¨‡Z wPwýZ nq ev
n‡e| †mB w`K we‡ePbv Ki‡j lv‡U, GKUz Av‡Mi wn‡m‡ei m‡½ wgwj‡q, nvmvb AvwRRyj
n‡Ki nv‡ZI Agb cÖeYZvhy³ GKwU b‡fjv I Mí; gvngy`yj n‡KI, A‰‭Z lv‡U wjwLZ Zuvi
GKwU Zuvi GKwU Dcb¨vm I †KvbI †KvbI M‡í †Zv e‡UB Avi †R¨vwZcÖKvk `‡Ëi GB c‡e©
†h wZbwU MíMÖ‰  cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q †mLvbKvi †KvbI †KvbIwU cvIqv hvq| Z‡e ZviciI
†`Lv hv‡‪Q Abïv, nq‡Zv GB wZbR‡bi Zzjbvq GKUz eqtKwbô e‡jB †hLv‡b e¨w³i
AvZ¥Pwi‡Zi A‰‭RM© r Lyu‡o †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, ZLb Zuv‡ì Kjg IB e¨w³ I e¨w³MZZvi
wfZi w`‡q ¯^ZtDrmvwiZfv‡e evsjvi mvgwMÖK RbRxe‡bi msKU‡KB Lyu‡R †`L‡Z cÖqvmx|
Zuv‡ì †mB cÖqv‡mi †KvbI †KvbIwU AvRI evsjv mvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg †kªô iPbv|
iPbv‡K․k‡j I m„wókxjZvq GB cwiYZ-¶gZv Zuviv GB †jLKZvi cÖ_g w`‡KB AR©b
K‡iwQ‡jb|14
1963 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki Mí Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ‡Z kv`y Avi
nvwg`vi m¤ú‡K©i Uvbvc‡o‡b MÖvgxY mgvR I Gi cUf~wg Kx Abvqv‡m Rwo‡q w`‡q‡Qb|
†mLv‡b fvlv †hb †j․wKK cUf~wgi m‡½ Dcfvlvmn welq n‡q-I‡V ¯^Ztù‚Z©Zvq :
kv`y wcQb wd‡i ZvKvq| nvwg`v ùvwo‡q Av‡Q| gv_vi Kvco †Zvjv, Romo n‡q
beea~i gZ ùvwo‡q| †PvL `y‡Uv nvm‡Q|
G¨vB ïb‡Z †cwPm bv?
kv`y Pzc K‡i _v‡K|
223
Avi fv‡jvevmwe bv? gb Ryo‬B‡Z hvwe bv Avgvi Kv‡Q, †kZj nwe bv? ¤øvb nv‡m
nvwg`v|
kv`y K_v e‡j bv|
Avgvi mv‡_ KZv ejwe bv, jq?
gvbylUv Zey K_v e‡j bv|
ewjm bv, ewjm bv, KZv ewjm bv| h‡gi Ai wP, P‡¶ k~j û û K‡i †Ku‡` †f‡O c‡o
†g‡qUv| H †h Ii fv‡jvevmvUv Ii †Pv‡L Avkªq K‡i Av‡Q †hb †Pv‡L †`Lv hvq!
AvR †hwP Avwg †mvqgxi evwo, †Zvi †Q‡j iBj Avgvi c¨v‡U| LvwbK‡Uv †kva
†`‡jvg|
†hgb G‡mwQj †Zgwb P‡j †Mj|
Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ lv‡Ui cÖ_g fvM ch©‰‭ mdjZvi Ab¨Zg D`vniY| ZvQvov nvmvb
AvwRRyj n‡Ki cÖ_g MíMÖ‰  mgy‡`ªi ¯^cœ kx‡Zi AiY¨ (1964) Zuvi mnhvÎx‡ì wfZ‡i cÖ_g
MÖ‰ , hv XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ n‡jI wjwLZ n‡q‡Q (my)`~i Lyjbvq| Ges cÖKvkgvÎB GwU mdj
MíMÖ‰  wn‡m‡e mgv‡jvPK‡ì AvbyK‚j¨ cvq|
G‡¶‡Î †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë ÔkKzbÕ †_‡K ai‡j †jLK wn‡m‡e nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki
Av‡MB Avwef~©Z| Zuvi cÖ_g `y‡Uv MíMÖ‰  `ywe©bxZ Kvj (1372) Avi e‡n bv myevZv‡mi
(1967) cÖKvk‡Ki wb‡e`b I cy¯‭vwb‡Z DwjøwLZ : Ô1958-64 mgqKv‡j iwPZ Mímg~n
†_‡K wbe©vwPZ I cÖKvkµg Abyhvqx mw¾ZÕ| Z‡e, 1969 mv‡ji c‡i wZwb AÁvZ Kvi‡Y
Mí iPbv †_‡K `~‡i _v‡Kb| (cÖvq wek eQi ev‡` 1988-†Z Avevi Mí iPbvq mwµq nb|)
†R¨vwZcÖKvk `‡Ëi ïi i w`‡Ki M‡í ga¨we‡Ëi A‰‭M©Z ¶q‡K wZwb †ek `„p nv‡Z bvwo‡q
†`wL‡q‡Qb| †mLv‡b Zvi mnRvZ Bw½ZgqZvI ¯úó| Gi wfZ‡i wZwb †h RMr •Zwi K‡ib
Zv-I mgKvjxb Avi KviI gZb bq| GgbwK mgKvjxb evwK‡ì mvaviY cÖeYZvi Lye
KvQvKvwQ w`‡q †Zgb hvq bv| Z‡e `ywe©bxZ Kvj-Gi wbwg©wZ‡Z †h A¯úó Bw½Zgq RwUj
†K․kj c‡ii e‡n bv myevZvm-G Zv cÖvq †bB-B| Kvwnbx I fvlvi GB cix¶vq wZwb ïi ‡ZB
m¤ú~Y© mdj bv-n‡jI wKQyw`‡bi wfZ‡iB Zuvi cÖ‡qvRbxq KvwiMwi fv‡jvg‡Zv nv‡Z Zz‡j
†bb| `ywe©bxZ Kvj-Gi Ô†Mvjv‡ci wbe©vmbÕ mvgvwRK RwUjZv‡K A¯úó Bw½ZgqZvi wfZi
w`‡q M‰‭‡eï w`‡K †bb :
GB M‡íi ïi ‡Z :
AvZ¥vi AvZ¥xq †Mvjvc Avgvi m‡nvìv
Avgv‡ì wcZv wQj bv, gvZv wQj bv, †Kej m‡ZR †i․`ªKi Ges ce‡bi `vw¶‡Y¨
Avgiv mymwjjv c„w_ex‡Z Av‣kke ¯úw‱`Z n‡qwQjvg|
ci¯ú‡ii evB‡i Avgiv KvD‡KB RvbZvg bv ZLb| djZ, †Mvjvc‡K Avwg †èxi
g‡Zv ü`‡q ¯ vcb K‡iwQjvg Zvi g‡a¨ Avcbvi Qvqv †`Le e‡j Ges mh‡Z′ m‡½vc‡b jvjb
K‡iwQjvg †m Avgvi Avb‱` n‡e e‡j|
Avi M‡íi Aw‰‭‡g GB RwUjZvi mvgvbÏ jvNe nq bv| †mLv‡b, †Mvjv‡ci
wbe©vm‡bi hvÎvi gy‡L Av‡¶c :
Zv‡K Avwg †`Ljvg welv`gqx cÖwZgv; hwÌ bemv‡R mw¾Zv Zv‡K iv‡Rk¦ix g‡b
nq| †m mRjvkÖ , Kw¤úZv, wbivj¤^ Avi Avgvi KÉ †kl Zx¶è AvZ©bv` cÖ¯‧Z Ki‡Z
Pvq, Avi Avwg cvwi bv, †Mvjvc ¶gv Ki, †Mvjvc hvm& bv|
224
[...]
Z‡e †Mvjvc, hw` KLbI AvKw¯§K GK S‡oi †k‡l e„¶c‡Îi A‰‭ivj †_‡K mybxj
AvKv‡k gyL evovq, ZLb g‡b co‡e, Zzwg wQ‡j|
fvlvq GB-†h Zx¶è Pvc, GKUz AvM&-evwo‡q g‡b nq, ïi ‡Z Ggb Bw½Z Qov‡bv fvlvPP©vi
GKUv cÖeYZv cÖvq mK‡ji wfZ‡iB Kg‡ewk wQj| mgKvjxb Av‡jvPbvq Zv‡K Gfv‡e-Ifv‡e
wgwj‡q g‡b n‡Z cv‡i G GKcÖKvi ¶gZvI e‡U! Z‡e AvR IB †Póvi Pvi wK mv‡o Pvi
`kK KvUv‡bvi c‡i Avgv‡ì g‡b nq, GB g‡b nIqv GK A‡_© h_v_©I : IBwUB wQj
G‡Kev‡i Avjv`v nIqvi GK gva¨g gvÎ| fvlv †kl ch©‰‭ fvlvB †_‡K hvq ïay hw` Zv‡K
mwVK M‰‭e¨ w`‡q AvL¨v‡bi Mv‡q wVKVvK bv-Mjv‡bv hvq| †R¨vwZcÖKvk `‡Ëi fvlvq GB
Bw½ZgqZv, A¯úóZv, fvlv‡K eënvi K‡i Mí‡K Mí K‡i Zzjevi ¶gZv Zuv‡K lv‡U wewkó
K‡iwQj| c‡ii `y‡Uv eB e‡n bv myevZvm I wmZvsï †Zvi mg¯„ K_vq (1969) ¯^vaxbZvi
Av‡MB Zv c~Y©Zv cvq|
Gw`‡K gvngy`yj n‡Ki M`¨ Ab¨fv‡e †Lv‡j| A‡bKUv K_KZvi we¯‭vi| cÖvq g‡bB nq
GB Mí †KvbIµ‡g wjwLZ n‡‪Q bv| MíKvi PwiÎ‡K wb‡Ri I cvV‡Ki gvSLv‡b †i‡L
GKUv‡b e‡j P‡j‡Qb| †hLv‡b †hLv‡b M‡íi †gvPo¸‡jv †mLv‡b G‡m GKevi GKevi k¦vm
wb‡‪Qb, nq‡Zv me RvqMvq Zv wb‡‪QbI bv| Avi Kvwnbx‡Z wKQy NUvi A‡c¶vq cÖvq †kl
ch©‰‭ Avgv‡ì Aaxi A‡c¶v K‡i †h‡Z nq| lv‡Ui †kl w`‡K iwPZ Dcb¨vm Abyi cvVkvjvi
Bw½ZgqZv †_‡K Zuvi Mí A‡bK mivmwi| e¨w³‡K †ek mgv‡Ri gvSLv‡b †i‡LB †`Lv I
†jLv| †KvbI we‡kl †kªwY‣ewk‡óï cÖwZ †mB M‰‭‡eï †KvbI Avjv`v gvÎvI †bB| Z‡e
lv‡Ui `k‡K Zuvi †KvbI MíMÖ‰  cÖKvwkZ nqwb| GgbwK 1982 mvj ch©‰‭, hZw`b †jLvq
mwµq wQ‡jb wZwb, †KvbI MíMÖ‰  cÖKvwkZ nqwb| 1963-†Z wjwLZ ÔAPj wmwKÕ M‡í GK
`¤úwZi AeKvk hvcb :
... †Rey‡b′mvi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q GK mgq fvwi gvqv nj Gbvgy‡ji, †Z‡Z cy‡o
jvj n‡q wM‡q‡Q †ePvwii gyL| GZ Nvg †N‡g‡Q †h †`‡L g‡b nq †hb GBgvÎ †b‡q
D‡V‡Q! Gbvgyj big K‡i Ii nvZ aij| ej‡j, ÔMvQZjvq e‡m GKUz wRwi‡q †b‡e
ivbx!Õ
Ô_vg‡j Avi nuvU‡Z cvie bv, GKUvbv h‡Zv `~i cviv hvq P‡jv|Õ
ÔwVK K_v! `¨v‡Lv bv, K_vq K_vq wbQK Kg c_ nuvwUwb Avgiv!Õ
Gici ixwZg‡Zv cvjøv w`‡q nuvU‡Z ïi  Kij `yÕRb|
Gw`KKvi iv¯‭v¸‡jv RbcÖvYxk~b¨| GLv‡b †mLv‡b `yÕGKUv kvjwkgyj `g eÜ K‡i

_g‡K ùvwo‡q Av‡Q| gv‡S gv‡S GK GKUv wgwjUvwi Mvwo ivwRï ay‡jv Dwo‡q A`„k¨ n‡q
hv‡‪Q| GK GKevi Lye fv‡jv jvMwQj Gbvgy‡ji| fM′¯‭‚‡ci Avov‡j ùvwo‡q †hb AmsL¨
AvZ¥v Zv‡ì Avkxe©v` K‡i‡Q, †m․fv‡Mï c_ †e‡q Zviv wd‡i P‡j‡Q D¾¡j Avb‱`‡jv‡Ki
w`‡K| nq‡Zv GBme iw³g ay‡jvq XvKv c_ a‡i GKw`b Riv g„Zz¨ cwiÎv‡Yi wb`vi Y wP‰‭v
wb‡q wenv‡i wd‡i wM‡q‡Q kv‰‭ †g․b wf¶zi `j| Ggwb K‡iB wbtk‡ã me gvbyl GKw`b Mí
n‡q hvq|
225
N.
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë I gvngy`yj nK‡K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv AviI GKUz evo‡Z
cv‡i| Zv‡Z lv‡Ui m„RbK…wZ‡Z¡ me‡P‡q D¾¡j GB As‡ki m‡½ †h †KvbI cÖRb¥‡K hy³
K‡i Zzjbv Kiv mnR n‡e| AvR‡Ki we‡ePbvq cÖ‡qvRbxq ev AcÖ‡qvRbxq †h mKj cÖeYZv,
mvwnwZ¨KRxe‡bi m~Pbvi B‪Qvq A_ev AZxZ‡K AbyKiY A_ev m„wó cÖwµqvq †h KLbI-
KLbI Ô¯^‡NvwlZÕ ¯^q¤¢~ Ae¯ v Gi mgv‰‭iv‡j ev wecix‡Z Zuv‡ì †KvbI-†KvbI iPbvi gvb
Avi DrKl© †mB Zvi ‡Y¨B cwiYZ Ges GKB m‡½ m„wói Zz½‡K ¯úk© K‡iwQj| GgbwK GKUz
AvM evwo‡q ej‡j, Zuv‡ì GB mg‡qiB †KvbI-†KvbI iPbv DËiRxe‡bi †kªô mvwnZ¨K…Zx
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z; evsjv M‡íi BwZnv‡m †c‡q‡Q ¯ vqx Avmb| †mw`‡bi Zi Y‡jLK AvR
†cÖ․p‡Z¡i mg„× †iv‡` †cu․‡Q †mB mg‡qi iPbv cÖm‡½ AvRI wRÁvwmZ nb| evsjv‡`‡ki
K_vmvwn‡Zï BwZnv‡m IB Mí¸‡jvi †KvbI-†KvbIwU †kªô M‡íiI wb`k©b| lv‡Ui
K_vmvwnwZ¨‡Ki cÖ_gv‡a©i †h cÖeYZv‡K Zxeª ARynv‡Z ùvo Kiv‡bv nq, (`ª. i‡Yk `vk¸‡ßi
cÖeÜ) †mB lv‡UB †hme `ye©jZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q ev cieZ©xKv‡jI IB Awf‡hvM Zuv‡ì
IB mg‡qi iPbvi †¶‡Î envj Zv-I cy‡ivcywi gy³ GBme iPbv| GK wek¦Rqx Dcwb‡ek
†_‡K gyw³i ci cvwK¯‭v‡bi †h f~Z RvwZ I fvlvi gv_vq fi K‡i †m mg‡qi Zver Zvob
IB Mí¸‡jvq mgvR I †`kKvj‡K GK K‡i dz‡U D‡V‡Q| IB Mí¸‡jvi RvqMv-Rwg-gvbyl
meB Rvbv-†Pbv cUf~wg‡Z `Êvqgvb| †hb, IB wQj c~e©evsjv ev Kw_Z c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡bi
`„k¨gvb wbVyi ev¯‭eZv :
ey‡ov Mí Ki‡Q, fxlY kxZ Ki‡Q Ii, PvìUv AvMv‡Mvov Rwo‡qI jvf †bB| kxZ
Zey gv‡b, †kø®§v wKQy‡ZB K_v ej‡Z †`‡e bv Zv‡K| Avwg hLb GLv‡b Gjvg, Avwg
hLb GLv‡b Gjvg, nuvcv‡Z nuvcv‡Z, Kuvc‡Z Kuvc‡Z †m ej‡Q, eyS‡j hLb GLv‡b
Gjvg... Zvi GLv‡b Avmvi K_v Avi wKQy‡ZB dziv‡‪Q bv mvivivZ a‡i †m ej‡Q,
GLv‡b hLb Gjvg Avwg cÖ_‡g GKUv Kiex MvQ jvMvB... ZLb û û K‡i †K †Ku‡`
DVj, Pzwoi kã G‡jv, G‡jv‡g‡jv kvwoi kã Avi Bbv‡gi Abyf‡e dz‡U DVj wb‡Uvj
†mvbvi‡Oi †`n mynvm nvm‡Q, wn wn wn Avwg GKUv Keix MvQ jvMvB eyS‡j? e‡j
_vg‡jv ey‡ov, Kvb′v ïbj, nvwm ïbj, dz‡ji R‡b¨ bq, ey‡ov ejj, wewPi R‡b¨, ey‡SQ
Kiex dz‡ji wewPi R‡b¨| PgrKvi wel nq Kiex dz‡ji wewP‡Z|...
MZ Pwjøk eQi a‡i evsjv Mí-cvV‡Ki Lye cwiwwPZ GB evK¨¸‡jv| 1966-†Z Kvj‡ejv
mvwnZ¨c‡Î ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ cÖKvkgvÎB ZLbKvi cvVK‡K Avg~j wRÁvwmZ
K‡i; †hgb evsjvi c~e©vÂ‡ji †`kfvM-DËi GB Qwe AvRI we× K‡i GB M‡íi ZxeªZg ev¯‭
eZv| Avi nvmvb AvwRRyj nK 1964-†Z cÖKvwkZ Zuvi cÖ_g eB‡qi mdjZv‡K Dr‡i GB
MÖ‡‰  evsjv M‡í GK bZzb w`M‰‭I D‡b¥vPb K‡ib| G K_v AvR AweZwK©Z †h evsjv‡`‡ki
K_vmvwn‡Z¨ AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ †kªô MíMÖ‡‰ i gh©v`vi `vwe`vi| Zuvi wb‡g©vn wbwg©wZ
G eB‡qi Ab¨ Mímn GwU cieZ©xKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki M‡í e¨vcK cÖfveI we¯‭vi K‡i‡Q| GB
MÖ‡‰  mvgwMÖKfv‡e dz‡U I‡V ivp I `w¶Ye‡½i cy‡o LvK& n‡q-hvIqv, †bvbvR‡j `swkZ n‡q-
IVv k¨vgj bxwjgvq wbib′ Avi wbi cvq Rb‡Mvôxi Rxeb|
Iw`‡K, `ywe©bxZ Kvj n‡q e‡n bv myevZ‡m †R¨vwZcÖKvk `‡Ëi hvÎvI †hb †K‡‱`ªi
†_‡K cwiwai w`‡K| hwÌ Dfq eB‡qi Mí¸‡jvi iPbvKvj 1958 †_‡K 64, wK‰‧ cÖeYZvq
wfb′Zv †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| GgbwK mi  `v‡MI †Kv_vI †Kv_vI wPwýZ Kiv hvq Zv lvU
226
`kKxq| Avevi ZLbKvi wn‡m‡e cwðg evsjvi †KvbI-†KvbI ÔAvaywbKÕ cÖex‡Yi BD‡ivcxq
M‡íi AbyKi‡Y A_ev bMi KjKvZvq †`kfvM-DËi gvby‡li msK‡Ui PvcI GB mg‡qi M‡í
PP©vi †SuvK †KvbIfv‡eB A¯^xK…Z wQj bv| †mB Pv‡ci cÖc‡Â †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë `yB cÖKvi
MíB PP©v K‡i‡Qb| wK‰‧ e‡n bv myevZvm-Gi ÒÔ†KóhvÎvÕ ev ÔisivR †d‡i bvÕ wKsev Ômij
msmv‡iÕ †R¨vwZcÖKv‡ki wek¦`k©‡bi PvjwPÎ †`Lvq| djZ, Avgv‡ì Mímvwn‡Z¨ Giv
Abb¨|Ó †kl lv‡U nvqvr gvgy‡ì †jLv †_‡K GB D×…wZ GKB m‡½ G K_v Rvwb‡q w`‡‪Q,
lv‡Ui `k‡Ki M‡íi GB hvÎv AvMvgx w`‡b evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Zï Ab¨Zg AR©‡b cwiYZ
n‡e| e¨w³i mvgwMÖKZvi wfZi w`‡q ax‡i ax‡i IB mvgwMÖKZv †h †KvbI mgvR I ivóª
cwiw¯ wZ‡KB wPwýZ K‡i| ÔisivR †d‡i bvÕi ïi ‡ZB M`¨fvlv wel‡qi w`‡K hvIqvi R‡b¨
†hb PveyK nvb‡Q :
isivR Ônv¤^vÕ WvK †Q‡o Ly‡ii LU& LU& kã Zz‡j PÊxgÊ‡ci mvg‡b w`‡q †ewi‡q †Mj|
gyLUv Lvwj n‡j ci †auvqv¸‡jv hLb gv_vi Pvicvk Avi Pzj †e‡q Dci w`‡K D‡V
hvw‪Q‡jv Avi wb‡R‡K †ek gnv‡è gnv‡è g‡b nw‪Qj, •Î‡jvK¨ `vm ZLb ivq w`j,
kvjv GKUv Pvgvi| †Mv-gvZv n‡jb †èZv! †m `vgov †nvK Avi eKbv †nvK| kvjv
Pvgvi bvÕn‡j nv‡U wbe¨vi K_v Kq?
Pvgv‡ii nv‡Zi Rj ¯úk© Kiv hvq wKbv G-cÖk′ †Zvjevi Av‡MB kªx`vg
†gvnv‰‭ iNybv_ †èbv‡_i Kov ZvgvK R¡vjv‡bv Kwé nv‡Z Zz‡j wb‡q eënvi Ki‡Z
ïi  K‡i w`‡qwQj| Aek¨ G-cÖk′ †Zvjv nj GKUz c‡iB wK‰‧ •Î‡jvK¨ kv‡¯¿ cvi½g,
AZGe GK_v ¯^xK…Z nj †h, a~‡gª †`vl bvw¯‭!
Avi, GB †Suv‡KB †hb wQb′gj ~ (mcyiv I civMj) `yÕRb gvbyl AviI K‡qKR‡bi m‡½ GK‡Î
†h Rxe‡bi wPÎ n‡q-I‡V Zv-I †Zv cÖvq †KvbIfv‡e †g‡j bv cÖvq GKB mg‡qi Abyi
cvVkvjvi Jcb¨vwmK gvngy`j y n‡Ki m‡½; †hgb ÔkKzbÕ wK Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕi nvmvb
AvwRRyj nK KvQvKvwQ mg‡q e„Ëvqb wjL‡jI, Zv-I †Zv †KvbIfv‡e †g‡j bv| d‡j,
wn‡m‡e mnmv †g‡j bv GB `yB cÖKvi †SuvK Zuviv †Kv_vq †c‡jb? †Kb GB •Øi_ I
wew‪Qb′Zv? Zv hw` AvaywbKZvq Avkªq ev Avkª‡qi mÜvb nq, Zvn‡j GB Pwjøk eQ‡i IB Mí-
Dcb¨vm¸‡jv evievi g‡i‡Q, fy‡j wM‡q‡Q cvVK Avi Dj‡Uv gy‡L ZrKvjxb ÔAbvaywbKZvÕ‡KB
eis g‡b †i‡L‡Q, †mB AvL¨vbB GB f~L‡Êi msKU-DrmvwiZ n‡q D‡V‡Q|
1964-†Z wjwLZ gvngy`yj n‡Ki Ômcyiv I civMjÕ eû`~i †_‡K gvwbK
e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi ÔcÖv‣MwZnvwm‡KÕi wfLy Avi cuvPx‡KB g‡b Kivq|
[...]
†m cv Qwo‡q e‡m wQj, c_Pvix‡ì Kv‡iv ey‡S‡Z Amywe‡a nw‪Qj bv nZfvwMbxi
Ei i wb‡P †_‡K KvUv| cv bq, †m Zvi e‡qmUv‡KB Qwo‡q †i‡LwQj| Zvi Av‡Q
Kjmxi Kvbv IcPv‡bv †dbvi g‡Zv ¯^v¯ ¨| njy` Wy‡i kvwo‡Z mvc‡U †i‡L‡Q
wb‡R‡K| welY′Zvi fv‡i GB ¯^v¯ ¨ h‡Zv gwjb-B †nvK bv †Kb, mcyiv fv‡jvfv‡eB
Rv‡b weeªZ c_Pvixi †Pv‡L wKfv‡e iO a‡i, †Nvi jv‡M|
[...]
Av‡iv e„Ëv‰‭ Av‡Q civM‡ji| `yÕeQi Av‡M GB civMjB Kzo‬‡ji GK‡Kv‡c Zvi cv-
Uv †K‡U ev` w`‡qwQj| gvjMwb ZLb UvKv msMÖ‡ni Kv‡R Ab¨ †Rjvq| GKUzI nvZ
Kuv‡cwb civM‡ji| `yÕw`b c‡i gvjMwb †divi ci Zv‡K Lywk Kivi R‡b¨ wew‪Qb′ cv
227
Zv‡K †`wL‡qwQj civMj| mcyiv ZLbI Kvb′v _vgvqwb| civMj Awf‡hvM Zz‡jwQj
gvjMwbi Kv‡Q, civgk© w`‡qwQj †ewk Av¯‥viv bv †èvi| gvjMwb e‡jwQj, ÔIi
mvg‡b KzKzi w`‡q LvIqv, evc evc K‡i wmav n‡q hv‡e|Õ
Avi-GKwU M‡íi cÖm½| Avi-GKwU gvÎ D`vniY| †h †KvbIfv‡eB fvev †nvK, lv‡Ui
†jLK‡ì mw¤§wjZ cÖqv‡m †h PP©v, Zv †Zv lv‡Ui `k‡K †gvUvgywU M‡íB mxgve× wQj, †mB
wn‡m‡e GB mg‡q Zv‡ì mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvi †kªô wmw× nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki ÔAvg„Zz¨
AvRxebÕ; AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ-Gi †kl Mí| GK_v `yg©Ly ej‡jI gvb‡Z nq, bv-
gvb‡j GKUz _g‡K †f‡e †`L‡Z nq, _gKv‡jI hw` gvb‡Z †KvbI Kvi‡Y ev‡av ev‡av †V‡K
Zey IB K_vq †hb GKcÖKvi h_v_©ZvB Av‡Q †h, •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&Õi n‡q mv¤cÖwZK ch©‰‭
ÔGKwUÕ MíB wjwLZ n‡‪Q| GKwUB Mí| Avevi GB g‰‭e¨ cy‡ivcywi mwZ¨ bq| A‰‭Z
cÖeYZvi w`K †_‡K evievi GB e„Ë †_‡K †ewi‡q fvOPz‡ii cÖej †Póv n‡q‡Q, cÂv‡k I
lv‡U; lv‡U hZUv cÂv‡k ZZUv bq, Avevi gyw³hy‡×vËi mË‡i ZZUv bq, hZUv Avwki `k‡K
G‡m| Avevi MZ †ò `kK ev‡`, evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY I bvMwiK RbRxeb wgwj‡q K…wl Avi
A_©‣bwZK KvVv‡gvq e`jB-ev N‡U‡Q KZUzKz? wK‰‧ IB g‰‭‡eï mvi Ab¨Î †h, GB †`‡ki,
GB †`‡ki Rwg-gvby‡l †h Mí¸‡jv mvd‡j¨ ¯^xK…Z Zv‡Z ïay IqvjxDjøvn& †Kb, `~i †_‡K
ZvwK‡q †`L‡j g‡b nq, GBUzKz iex‱`ªbv‡_i Mí¸‛Q-Gi c„ôv †_‡K †b‡g Gj, GB RvqMv
Zvivk¼‡ii iv‡pi gvwU‡ZB †Pbv hvq, GBUzKz wef~wZf~l‡Yi, GB wbg′ ev ga¨weË gvby‡li
g‡bvRvMwZKZv gvwb‡Ki wKsev IqvjxDjøvn&Õi wQb′gj ~ gvby‡li m‡½I G‡ì †Kv_vq †hb †g‡j
GB-†h GB wg‡jwg‡k Pjgvb GKwU mvgwMÖK cÖeYZv| †mLv‡b †jL‡Ki wek¦`k©‡b wek¦‡K
mvgwMÖK `k©b Kivi †Póv Avi AvMÖn _vK‡jI, †kl ch©‰‭ †mB MíB GB cÖvq †mvqv k eQ‡ii
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Gu‡U DVj `k©‡b cv wb‡Ri f~wg‡ZB, †PvL †hLv‡bB _vKzK|
me wg‡j lv‡Ui `kK GKUv cÖavb cÖ‡Póv e‡U| wK fvlvq wK wel‡q wK iPbv‡K․k‡j,
GgbwK M‡íi bvgKi‡YI| †mB †Póvi meUzKzB lv‡UB dz‡U DV‡e, n‡q hv‡e Zv fvevI
Ag~jK| lv‡U Zuv‡ì ïi  wQj| Avi IB lv‡UB cÖ_g wmw×i P~ov‰‭ Ae¯ vI GB, nvmvb
AvwRRyj n‡Ki Mí ÔAvg„Zz¨ AvRxebÕ| GB M‡í e¨w³, e¨w³i Rxeb hvc‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq mgvR
Ges iv‡óªiI m‡½ Rwo‡q _vKv| GB †h gvbyl, Zvi eÂbvi wPiKvjxbZvi m‡½ Rwo‡q †M‡Q
mv¤cÖwZK| m‡½ fvlvq †µvax Zxeª †ZR Lye mnvbyf~wZgq| GB M‡í nvmvb AvwRRyj nK
ga¨-lv‡UB evsjv‡`‡ki M‡í ev¯‭eZvi GK AmvaviY iƒc Dc¯ vcb Ki‡jb|
Zvi Kv‡jv k³ kix‡ii Ici GLb eo eo †duvUvq e„wó co‡Q Ges †m hZ¶‡Y j¤^v
j¤^v cv †d‡j e„wói g‡a¨ ax‡imy‡¯  Kigvwji Kv‡Q †nu‡U G‡jv ZZ¶‡Y, `yiƒn `y‡f©`¨
†auvqvi gZ e„wó-kix‡ii Avei‡Y XvKv Zvi †`n †e‡q GB evsjv K‡Vvi †Kvgj GB
evsjv‡`‡ki cÙv †gNbv a‡jk¦ixi †Z‡Zv †cvov wf‡R nvRvi eQ‡ii cyi‡bv Rxe‡b
Mv‡bi gZ S‡i co‡Z _v‡K|
[...]
we‡K‡j Kigvwj GKvB wM‡qwQj| ingvwj‡K m‡½ wb‡Z mvnm nj bv Zvi| Z‡e
†MvUv e¨vcviUv N‡U †Mj AwZ mn‡R| †jvKUv‡K ivwR Kiv‡Z Kiv‡Z Kigvwj ïay
ejj, Avgvi RwgWv †`wn‡Qb| wewji Iw`wK Ggb Rwg Avi Av‡Q Kb †`wn?
Kigvwj Zvici GKUz Pzc K‡i †_‡K ejj, RwgWv e¨vP‡cv bv Avwg| HUzKz RwgB
Av‡Q Avgvi †ePwj _vK‡c wK? e¨vP‡cv bv Avwg| Avc‡b kwZb‡K U¨vnv w`‡q iv‡L
228
`¨vb RwgWv| dmjWvI Avc‡bi| gvN gv‡m Avc‡bi U¨vnv w`‡q `wjj †diZ wb‡q
†bev‡b|
†jvKUv me ey‡S ejj, U¨vnv wb‡q wK Kiwe? Rwg w`wj Avi wK U¨vnv ïawZ cviwe?
U¨vnv bv wbwj Avc‡bi Rwg ivL‡cv wK K‡i? Mi  G¨vÆv wKbwZ n‡e| Avc‡bi Rwg
Avev` bv Kiwj †Zv Pj‡e bv|
Gici `y-GK wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ K_vevZ©v cvKv n‡q †Mj| Kigvwj Kv‡RB Lywkg‡b wd‡i
AvmwQj| †m iv¯‭vq bvg‡ZB e„wó G‡jv|
[...]
†m ZLb e„wói g‡a¨ UMeM K‡i dzUwQj| AvKvk I c„w_ex‡K GKvKvi K‡i w`‡q
weivU AM′y¨`&Mxi‡Yi R‡b¨ R¡vjvgq mx‡m-i‡Oi †auvqvi cvnvo •Zwi KiwQj evi evi|
Kigvwj Zvi evwoi evB‡i L‡oi Mv`vi Kv‡Q bvi‡Kj Mv‡Qi wb‡P G‡m †cu․Qyj|
ingvwj †`L‡Z cvw‪Qj Kigvwj fxlY wf‡R, †h `ynvZ w`‡q e„wó miv‡Z miv‡Z iv¯‭v
†_‡K D‡V bvi‡Kj MvQUvi w`‡K GwM‡q Avm‡Q| †mB mgq KUK‡U kv`v Zxeª Av‡jv
Sj‡K DVj| Ges †ek GKUz c‡i cvnvo we`xY© nvIqvi gZ wnsmª AvIqvR D‡V
we‡ji w`‡K P‡j †Mj MgMg K‡i|
Kigvwj L‡oi Mv`vi Mv‡q †Vm w`‡q ùvwo‡q Av‡Q| KuvPv-cvKv Pzj-`vwo åƒ, †Pv‡Li
cvcwo BZ¨vw` wbwðý n‡q K`vKvi wK¤¢Z ~ †`Lv‡‪Q Zv‡K| ingvwj evwoi evB‡i G‡m
Zv‡K ey‡K K‡i e„wói g‡a¨ mej cv‡q AkÖ nxb †Pv‡L wfZ‡i wb‡q wM‡q cig h‡Z′
`vIqvq ïB‡q w`‡q‡Q|
e„wó GLb AÜKvi n‡q hvw‪Qj|Õ
jvReve!
wPi¯ vqx e‡‱`ve‡¯‭i cÖvq wPiKvj ¯ vqx iƒ‡ci GB †hb †miv cÖKvk| evsjv †h ZLb
cvwK¯‭v‡biB Dcwb‡ek †hLv‡b †eu‡P-_vKvi I g‡i-hvIqvi Avg„Zz¨ AvRxeb‡K hvcb Kivi
QweB GB| G R‡b¨ IB GKwU k‡ãB Zv cÖKvk Kiv Qvov Avi Dcgv Kx?
cuvP.
†KvbI-GKwU wbw`©ó `k‡K (Avwef~©Z) wjL‡Z ïi -Kiv †jLKiv ïay IB GKwU `k‡KB mPj
_v‡K bv, IB mg‡q (c‡e©) Zuv‡ì c_-Pjv ïi  nq gvÎ| ïi i IB w`b¸‡jv gv_vq †i‡L
Zuv‡ì mvwnwZ¨K-cwiP‡q wPwýZ Kiv n‡jI, Zuviv cwiwPZ nb djevb _v‡Kb e¨wZµgwfb′
Avi cÖvq Aa©kZvãx Kvj| †hgb lv‡Ui GB c‡e©i K_vmvwnwZ¨K‡ì A‡b‡KB GLbI mPj,
A‡b‡K Kjg ¸wU‡q wb‡q‡Qb, †KD-†KD BwZg‡a¨ mg¯‭ m„wó ZrciZvi E‡a″© P‡j †M‡Qb|
me wgwj‡q GLb mPj, huviv Kjg _vwg‡q‡Qb Avi huv‡ì Kjg wPiZ‡i †_‡g †M‡Q cÖ‡Z¨‡KB
cwVZ n‡eb ïay ïi i w`b¸‡jvi iPbvq bq, †MvUvRxe‡bi m„wó‡Z| ïay IB `k‡K Zuv‡ì
ïi i mnhvÎxiv ev‡`, GKwU `k‡Ki mvwnwZ¨K cÖeYZvq AvR Avi wPwýZ Kiv n‡‪Q bv
Zuv‡ì KvD‡KB| Z‡e, IB m~Pbvgy‡L Zuv‡ì †h ZrciZv, †h Zrci cÖeYZv, m„wógyLiZv Avi
m„wó‡K wb‡q GB Av‡jvPbv †Zv GUvB Rvbvq, G †`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨ †mB mg‡qi Zi YivB
GKm‡½ GK m‡Pó cvjve`‡j m½x n‡qwQ‡jb| ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ GLb ch©‰‭ ZuvivB
me©‡Zvfv‡e m„wói Drme †`wL‡q‡Qb| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki ïi  †_‡K Awbevh© NUbvewji wfZi
229
w`‡q IB hvÎvq Zuv‡ì iPbvq cÖ‡qvRbxq e`j NUv Lye ¯^vfvweKB| GgbwK EbmË‡ii MY-
Afy¨Ìvb †_‡K gyw³hy‡×i gy‡L Zuv‡ì •PZ‡bïI iƒcv‰‭i N‡U| Zv NUvI Lye ¯^vfvweK| Zey
IB ïi ‡ZB Zuv‡ì cÖeYZvi wewea gvÎv AvRI c„_K wPý I msÁv‡_©i `vwe iv‡L|
Z_¨m~Î :
1. nvmvb AvwRRyj nK wj‡L‡Qb : Ô•mq` IqvjxDjøvn& m¤cÖwZ †jvKv‰‭wiZ Ges Avgv‡ì
†LÌ mv‰‭¡bv gv‡b bv GR‡b¨ †h Avgv‡ì †jLK‡ì g‡a¨ wZwbB †jLK wn‡k‡e wb‡R‡K
evievi AwZµg K‡i‡Qb, wZwb `ytmvnwmK, wb‡Ri cyi‡bv wmw×i `y‡M© e‡m AvZ¥i¶vi †Póv bv
K‡i m„wó Aóveµ RwUj c‡_ nuvUvi SzuwK wb‡qwQ‡jb| Zuvi GB K…wZZ¡UzKz ¯^xKvi K‡i Z‡eB
Av‡jvPbv ïi  Kiv hvq Zuvi Q‡qi `k‡Ki Puv‡ì Agvem¨v I Kuv‡`v b`x Kuv‡`v Dcb¨vm `ywU
m¤ú‡K©|
Avwg G K_v eje bv †h GB †kl Dcb¨vm `ywU Zuvi cÖ_g Dcb¨vm jvjmvjyi †P‡q
DrK…óZi| Puv‡ì Agvem¨vi g‡a¨ fqven weK…wZ Av‡Q Av‡Q AvZ¼; `vwqZ¡, Aciva‡eva,
weewglv GB †eva¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© cÖvq `vk©wbK AbymÜv‡bi †Póv| Avwg g‡b Kwi bv †h GB
†eva¸‡jv gvby‡li †PZbvi †g․wjK Dcv`vb|... Avgvi g‡b nq bv †h Puv‡ì Agvem¨vi
AbymÜvb¸‡jv Avgv‡ì †`‡k I mgv‡Ri cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z AevavwiZfv‡e cÖvmw½K| ZLbB ¯úó
nq IqvjxDjøvn&Õi Dci KvgyÕi bv‡Qvo cÖfve| bv‡Qvo GBR‡b¨ †h c‡ii Dcb¨vm Kuv‡`v b`x
Kuv‡`v Avgv‡ì c‡¶ Av‡iv `~i Ges w` †cøM-Gi m‡½ Gi Mfxi mv`„k¨ cÖvq m‡‱`nvZxZ|...Õ
Ô`yB hy‡Mi †`k gvby‡li K_vÕ, K_vmvwn‡Zï K_KZv, wØZxq ms¯‥iY, c„. 24-25|
2. ûgvqyb AvRv` fvlv Av‡›`vjb : mvwnwZ¨K cUf~wg‡Z G mg‡qi (1947-Õ52) mvwnwZ¨K

cÖqvm I cÖeYZv wb‡q msw¶ß A_P ¸i Z¡c~Y© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| m`¨ cvwK¯‭vb jv‡f
ZLbKvi †KvbI-†KvbI cÖexY mvwnwZ¨‡Ki wP‰‭vI †h-Avg~j e`‡j wM‡qwQj, D`vniYm‡gZ
†Zgb †ekwKQy fvl¨ Avi e³e¨ Av‡Q G eB‡q| fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi DËvc I AwM′ †mLv‡b cÖ_g
AvNvZ K‡i|
ûgvqyb AvRv` MÖ‡‰ i wØZxq cwi‡‪Q` K_vmvwnZ¨ As‡ki wk‡ivbvg w`‡q‡Qb : Ô`vwi`ª¨ I
`yb©xwZi `wjjÕ| GB As‡ki Av‡jvPbvq wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, ÔG-mg‡qi K_vmvwn‡Z¨ Mí I
Dcb¨v‡m wPwÎZ n‡q Av‡Q mgv‡Ri iƒc, †h-mgv‡R GKvwacZ¨ K‡i P‡j‡Q `vwi`ª¨ I
`yb©xwZ|... Gme Mí-Dcb¨v‡m cvÎcvÎx‡ì Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯ vi †h-wPÎ cvIqv hvq, Zv
gg©vw‰‭K|Õ [...] ÔG mg‡qi wewfb′ mvgwqK c‡Î †e‡ivq Pvi‡kvi g‡Zv †QvUMí; Ges MíMÖ‰ 
†e‡ivq cuwPkwU|Õ [...] ÔGmg‡qi wewfb′ mvgwqKc‡Î avivevwnK fv‡e †ek wKQy Dcb¨vm
†ewi‡q‡Q, Ges MÖ‰ vKv‡iI †ewi‡q‡Q K‡qKwU|Õ [...] ÔAvgv‡ì `ywU cÖavb Dcb¨vm iwPZ
n‡qwQj G-mg‡q : GKwU •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&Õi jvjmvjy, Ab¨wU Avey Bmnv‡Ki m~h©¨-`xNj
evox (bIevnvi-G cÖKvwkZ 1950-51 mv‡j, MÖ‰ vKv‡i cÖKvwkZ 1955-†Z) `ywU Dcb¨vmB
cvwK¯‭vwb Bmjvwg mgv‡Ri mgv‡jvPbv| IB mgv‡R h‡Zv Uzwc Av‡Q, Z‡Zv dmj †bB; Avi
IB mgvR Ges msMÖvgx bvix‡K ïay †V‡j w`‡Z cv‡i my¯  Rxeb †_‡K Amy¯  Rxe‡b|Õ
G iKg Av‡Mi avivevwnKZvq mvd‡jï wb`k©b ev‡`, GB mg‡qi mvwn‡Z¨ g~j
cÖeYZv wQj GK cÖKvi cÖwZwµqvkxjZvc~Y©| ûgvqyb AvRv` KweZv‡K ÔcvwK¯‭vbev` cÖPvi I
230
cÖZ¨vL¨vbÕ, cÖeÜ‡K Ôe¨vcK cÖwZwµqvkxjZvÕ Avi g~j Av‡jvPbvi wk‡ivbvgKiY K‡i‡Qb,
ÔcvwK¯‭vbev`x mvwnZ¨ZË¡ : cÖwZwµqvkxjZvi wele„¶Õ|
1947 †_‡K Õ52 mvj ch©‰‭ †m mg‡qi mvwn‡Z¨ GK A‡_© †KvbI bqv cÖeYZv LyuR‡Z
hvIqv e„_v| GgbwK †KvbI-cÖKvi cÖfveI|
3. mgvRweÁvbx †fjvg †fb †m‡‱`‡ji g‡Z : Ô1947-71 G cy‡iv mgqUv‡Z mgMÖ cvwK¯‭vb
iv‡óªi ¶gZv g~jZ cwðg cvwK¯‭vwb es‡kv ¢~Z‡ì KivqË wQj Ges c~e©e½ ZLb cwðg
cvwK¯‭vwb Af¨‰‭ixY Jcwb‡ewkKZvi Aaxb| G Af¨‰‭ixY Jcwb‡ewkKZvi P~ov‰‭ iƒc
1958-†Z mvgwiK kvmb-Rvwii gva¨‡g wdì gvk©vj AvBqye Lv‡bi ¶gZv‡ivnY| mvgwiK
kvm‡bi d‡j c~e©e‡½i Ici †b‡g Gj cwðg cvwK¯‭vwb‡ì h‡_‪QvPvi| wiPvW© †bÝb
wj‡L‡Qb mvgwiK kvmbc‡e© cwðg cvwK¯‭vwb mvg‰‭-ey‡R©vqv I Zàxb mvgwiK Avgjv-evwnbxi
h‡_‪Q wbq‰¿‡Y P‡j †Mj c~e©e½ Ges kvmK‡Mvôx c~e©-cwðg Dfq ivóª n‡Z †kvlY Kij
A_©‣bwZK DØ„Ë| Kv‡RB c~e©e‡½i MÖvgxY wbg′e‡M©i mvg‡b Dcw¯ Z nj GK wfb′Zi ev¯‭e, hv
Aek¨B fqven| BZtc~‡e© Zviv wQj †`kxq Rwg`vi-gnvRb wbqw‰¿Z K…wlwfwËK wbg′ ¯‭‡ii
evwm‱`v| wK‰‧ bZzb iv‡óª D ¢~Z Af¨‰‭ixY Dcwb‡ek †h‡nZz †MvUv c~e©e½‡KB †kvlY K‡i,
†mB †kvl‡Yi Pvc c~e©e‡½i Rwg`vi-gnvRb cÖf„wZ D‪PeM©xq‡ì Ici bv hZUv c‡o, Zvi
PvB‡Z A‡bK †ewk c‡o wbg′eM© gvbyl‡ì Ici| djZ evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY wbg′eM© G-
Kvjc‡e© (1947-71) †`kxq Rwg`vi-gnvRb Ges cvwK¯‭vwb Dcwb‡ek I mvgwiK kvmb-
A_©‣bwZK wbcxo‡bi cwiYv‡g Pigfv‡e chy©`¯‭|Õ
†c‡R›U †gvwewjwU : `¨ IW&m Ae jvBd Bb i‚i¨vj evsjv‡`k (1982), c„. 276; D×…wZ,
gnxeyj AvwRR, evsjv‡`‡ki Dcb¨v‡m MÖvgxY wbgœeM© (2002), c„. 34|
4. nvqvr gvgy` †QvUM‡íi PZz_© msKj‡b ÔNwbô K_KZvÕ wk‡ivbv‡gi cÖe‡Ü †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë
I nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki MíMÖ‡‰ i Av‡jvPbvi ïi ‡ZB wj‡L‡Qb : ÔAvgv‡ì huviv AMÖR
Zuv‡ì Rb¥ cÂv‡k| wefv‡MvËi Kv‡j GLv‡b bexb mvwn‡Zï Rb‡Kiv, wK KweZvq ev M‡í
ev Dcb¨v‡m, GK G‡K cÂv‡ki hy‡M G‡m wfo K‡iwQ‡jb| [...] c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡b Õ47-Gi ci
†_‡K †gvUvgywU mv_©K hv-wKQy iwPZ nq Zv gyL¨Z Mí, Ges Zvici KweZv| KweZvi cÖwZ
KUv¶cv‡Z Avwg Awfjvlx bB, wK‰‧ G-K_v Aek¨ ¯^xKvh© †h, KweZv m¤ú‡K© cvVKeM©
(KweZvi wbe©vwPZ cvVKB †evSv‡Z PvBwQ) A`ëwa mskqx I wØavMÖ¯‭| A_P, AciwU wel‡q
Kg‡ewk mK‡jB ¯^xKvi Ki‡eb †h, GB evsjvq KwZcq D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Mí iwPZ n‡q‡Q; Zv‡ì
¯^v` eûZi, wK‰‧ AwfÁZv I Rxeb‡ev‡ai hyM¥ Avi‡K Zv fv¯î g„Z-mÄxebx| AvjvDwÏb
Avj AvRv` ev •mq` kvgmyj nK m‡‱`nvZxZ-iƒ‡c AvaywbK evsjv M‡í Ae‡k¨v‪Pvh© `yÕwU
bvg| nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb I †evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi, nq‡Zv Avgv‡ì `yfv© M¨ I Rj-
nvIqvi †`vl, A‡kl m¤¢vebv †`wL‡qI w`M‰‭cÖ¯ vbx n‡jb| [...] kIKZ Avjx K‡e †_‡K
wjL‡Z ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb Zv Rvwb bv; Z‡e wZwb G-`kKxq‡ì c~e©m~wi, wK‰‧ m¤¢eZ
c~‡e©v³M‡Yi c‡i G‡m‡Qb g‡Â| GB cwikªgx, AeÂK, we‡eKevb e¨w³wU‡K kª×v bv K‡i
Dcvq †bB| Zuvi Mí Z_vKw_Z AvaywbK bq nq‡Zv, wK‰‧ Kx `„ß wek¦vm I w¯ i cÖwZÁvq
me©`v R¡j‡Qb; GwjU bq, mgMÖ RbMY‡K aviY K‡i Av‡Qb •PZ‡b¨|Õ
231
5. wP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvBi GK`g †kl w`‡K e×, cÖvq-Db¥v` Imgvb Ni †Q‡o †ewi‡q Avmvi
c‡i : ÔZvi †Rvovcv‡qi jvw_‡Z Zvjv †f‡O ìRv Ly‡j †M‡j Imgvb iv¯‭vq c‡o wM‡qwQj
wPrcUvs n‡q|Õ [...] Ô...iv¯‭vq gvbyl bv _vK‡j wK n‡e, Av‡kcv‡ki evwoN‡ii gvby‡li wbk¦vm
cÖk¦v‡m Mwj-DcMwj †du‡c D‡V †MvUv myfvl †evm G¨v‡fby¨‡K †V‡j wb‡q h‡‪Q Rbmb †iv‡Wi
†gvnbvq| bv, nuvUvi R‡b¨ Imgvb‡K †Zgb †KvbI D`¨g wb‡Z nq bv, iv¯‭vi †mªv‡Z Zvi
cv‡Rvov †XD‡qi g‡Zv GwM‡q P‡j‡Q| gykwKj n‡‪Q wLwRi Avwj‡K wb‡q| †jvKUv evievi
A`„k¨ n‡q hv‡‪Q| Imgvb G‡KKevi nuvK †`q, ÔwLwRi!Õ `~i †_‡K Reve Av‡m, ÔAv‡nb!Õ
GKevi g‡b nj †m Lye Kv‡Q P‡j G‡m‡Q, ÔGÆz Rjw` K‡ib Imgvb mve! cvI `yBLvb g‡b
jq Bmµz gvBiv iv¯‭vi j‡M wdU KBiv w`‡Qb!Õ [...] Ôwf‡±vwiqv cvK© wN‡i 2 evi P°i
†Ìqvi ci Imgvb Mwb G‡Kev‡i Avov‡j c‡o †Mj| Zvn‡j †m iv¯‭v aij †Kvbw`‡Ki?
GLvb †_‡K A‡bK RvqMvq hvIqv hvq| Imgvb †Kv_vq †h‡Z cv‡i?Õ
GLb Imgvb Avm‡j h_v B‪Qv Z_vq †h‡Z cv‡i| †m GLb †hw`‡KB hv‡e, †mw`‡KB c~e©
evsjv| EbmË‡ii cUf~wg‡Z GB M‰‭‡eï wbkvbvI wP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvBi wewkóZvi GK w`K|
Ges, Imgvbmn GB Dcb¨v‡mi Ab¨vb¨ Zi ‡Yi wfZi w`‡q lvU`kKxq Zvi ‡Yï †h-Qwe
cvIqv hvq Zvi m‡½ GK ms‡hvM wgwj‡q †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
6. 1987-G iwPZ GB †jLvq AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm lv‡Ui `k‡K Zuv‡ì †e‡o IVv cÖm‡½
D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb : Ô1962 mv‡ji cÖwZ‡iva Av‡‱`vjb M‡o I‡V, ZLb Avgiv †NviZi hyeK|
G‡KKUv w`b hvq Avi GB cÖwZ‡iva dz‡j I‡V, †du‡c I‡V| dz‡j-†du‡c DV‡Z DV‡Z GUv
Suvwc‡q c‡o †Kv_vq? 1964 mv‡ji †cÖwm‡W‱U wbe©vP‡b K¨vbfvm Kivi Kv‡R| mvgwiK kvmb
gvbyl‡K †h KZUv Amnvq K‡i †Zv‡j Zvi cÖgvY GB †h, AvBqye Lvb‡K nUv‡bv Qvov gvby‡li
GB we‡¶vf Avi †KvbI j¶¨ w¯ i Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AvBqye Lvb wK‰‧ wU‡K _v‡K| e‱`y‡Ki
†Rvi wQj, Avi wbe©vP‡bi Kj¨v‡Y MÖv‡g-MÖv‡g Zvi f„Z¨‡Mvôx M‡o I‡V, Giv bZzb GwjU,
G‡ì bvg †ewmK †W‡gvµvU| AvBqye Lv‡bi ivóª cÖmvwiZ nq wbf„Z MÖv‡g, Pzwi-†Rv‪Pzwi
Qwo‡q c‡o †`‡ki Avbv‡P-Kvbv‡P| ivóªxq †kvlY I wbh©vZbB hw` †mB mg‡qi cÖavb •ewkó¨
e‡j †NvlYv Kwi Z‡e 1969 mv‡ji we‡`ªvn‡K VuvB w`B †Kv_vq| Avgvi Rxe‡b, GB cÖ_g
GKwU Av‡‱`vjb †`‡LwQ †hLv‡b wecyj msL¨vMwiô gvbyl cÖv‡Yi SzuwK wb‡q Ggbfv‡e GwM‡q
G‡mwQj hv‡Z ïay ivóª bq, mvgvwRK †kvlY c×wZwUB Avµv‰‭ n‡qwQj| [...] Zvn‡j wK
Zv‡ì K_v eje bv hviv GB wekvj we‡¶vf‡K †K‡U-†Qu‡U eënvi Kij ga¨we‡Ëi
RvZxqZv‡eva RvwM‡q †Zvjvi K‡g©? K¨v‱Ub‡g‡‱U †NivI K‡i, i³ w`‡q Kvdz© ay‡q gvbyl
hv‡ì wQ‡b Av‡b; †ewi‡q G‡m Zviv Zrci nq Av‡‱`vjb‡K †bwZ‡q †Ìqvi Kv‡R, GUvI
†Zv N‡U‡Q Avgvi mg‡qB| Avgvi mgq 1971 mv‡ji ¯^vaxbZv hy× w`‡q AuvKv| mv‡o Pvi
eQi eqm †_‡K ÔPuv` Zviv kv`v Avi meyR wbkvbÕ e‡j Mjv nuvKwo‡q g‡iwQ, †mB wbkv‡bi
duvm w`‡q gviv nj AmsL¨ gvbyl‡K|Õ
ÔAvwg I Avgvi mgqÕ : AMÖwš’Z AvLZvi‚¾vgvb Bwjqvm, c„. 196-97|
7. XvKv kni ZLbI ZZUv bMi n‡q I‡Vwb, hZUv G mg‡q Zuv‡ì iwPZ mvwn‡Z¨ BD‡ivcxq
bM‡ii Av`‡j bMi; †h †PZbv‡K ejv nq, bvMwiK †PZbv| KjKvZvi mvgvwMÖK bvMwiK
msKU¸‡jvI ZLb Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q hZUv mvwnwZ¨K msKU ZZUv bvMwiK msKU bq| KviY, IB
232
bvMwiKRxeb Zv‡ì hvcbB Kiv nqwb| †mB wn‡m‡e GB msKU ÔcwVZ mvwn‡Z¨Õi KvQ †_‡K
avi K‡i Avbv| IB bvMwiKZvq †h BD‡ivcxq hyeK, A_ev, KjKvZv bMix‡Z cÖvq `y‡kv
eQ‡ii Jcwb‡ewkK bvMwiKZvi h‰¿Yv‡K wb‡q †e‡o-IVv †h DØv¯‧ hyeK Zvi msK‡Ui m‡½
GB msKU, Zvi hvwcZ Rxe‡bi m‡½ GB Rxeb †Zv †KvbIfv‡eB †g‡j bv|
lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K XvKv kni KZUzKz wb‡q XvKv kni? XvKv wK Av‡`․ ZLbI bMi?
ZLbI ch©‰‭ XvKvi m‡½ cy‡iv c~e©evsjvi †h AbvMwiK m¤úK© Gi m‡½ Zv‡ì GB cVb
AwfÁZv‡K Kxfv‡e †gjv‡bv hvq? d‡j, IB msKU A‡bKLv‡bB Av‡ivwcZ g‡b nq|
8. A| Ave`yj gvbœvb •mq` ¯§„wZi †bvUey‡K ¯^v¶‡ii 4 wU msL¨v m¤ú‡K© we¯‭vwiZ wj‡L‡Qb|
†mLv‡b †h †jLKZvwjKv cvIqv hvq, Zuviv cÖvq mevB cieZ©xKv‡j †jLv Ae¨vnZ †i‡L
evsjv‡`‡ki mvwn‡Z¨ ¸i Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv iv‡Lb| cÖ_g msL¨v m¤ú‡K© Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq‡ì
GKwU evK¨ Ggb, ÔG msL¨v‡ZB †evSv hv‡e, Zi Yiv fv‡jviKg †RvU †eu‡a‡Q, Ges AuvUNuvU
euva‡Q GKUv wKQy Kivi|Õ GLv‡b, GB ¯^v¶i wb‡q GB Av‡jvPbv‡Z G‡Z cÖKvwkZ weÁvcb
cÖm‡½ wZwb wj‡L‡Qb, ÔbZzb ai‡bi Mí wb‡q ZLb GKUv †Zvjcvo nw‪Qj, Avmv` (†P․ayix)
†mB cwi‡cÖw¶‡ZB bZzb ixwZi Mí †ei Ki‡Z †P‡qwQj, Zv Avi nqwb †kl ch©‰ ‭|Õ D‡jøL¨,
¯^v¶i cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj 4wU msL¨v| cÖ_g msL¨v 1963-†Z, PZz_© I †kl msL¨v 1967-†Z|
Av| Ô†QvUMí mwgwZi msKjbÕ, Ômv¤cÖwZK †QvUM‡íi msKjbÕ, Ômv¤cÖwZK Mí Av‡‱`vj‡bi
gvwmK gyLcÎÕ GB cwiP‡q Kvgvj web gvnZv‡ei m¤úv`bvq †QvUM‡íi cÖ_g msKjbwU
cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj 1967-†Z, †klwU `xN© weiwZi ci 1985-†Z, †gvU 15 wU msL¨v| Z‡e,
¯^vaxbZvi Av‡M cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q 11wU| GB cwÎKvwU lv‡Ui `k‡K Mí Av‡‱`vj‡b ¸i Z¡c~Y©
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| ïay bZzb ixwZi Mí iPbv‡ZB bq, Mí welqK Av‡jvPbv, we‡`wk M‡íi
Abyev`, cÖwZwôZ Zi Y Mí‡jLK‡ì mv¶vrKvi MÖnY, Ges ¸i Z¡c~Y© MíMÖ‡‰ i Av‡jvPbv
Ae¨vnZ †i‡L lv‡Ui `k‡KB GB f~L‡Êi Mí Av‡‱`vj‡b bZzb gvÎv ms‡hvRb K‡i|
¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv‡`‡ki ¸i Z¡c~Y© K_vmvwnwZ¨K‡ì cÖvq mevB †KvbI-bv-†KvbIfv‡e GB
KvMRwUi m‡½ hy³ wQ‡jb| GB hy³Zv m¤ú‡K© nvqvr gvgy` wj‡L‡Qb :
m¤úv`bv Ki‡Zb Kvgvj web gvnZve| [...] †m․fvM¨, ¯^c′hy³ Av‡iv `yPviRb eÜz
Ry‡UwQj Zvi : Kv‡qm Avn‡g`, AvjgMxi ingvb, kv‡Ki †P․ayix cÖgLy | Avgiv hviv Kg‡ewk
`~‡i wQjvg; wMwb †gvn‡ii AvIqvR Avgv‡ìI Kv‡b †cu․‡QwQj| Lyjbv, ivRkvnx †_‡K nvmvb
AvwRRyj nK, XvKvi wfZ‡i kIKZ Avjx, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` cÖgLy |...Õ
[Kvgvj web gvnZve, ÔP‡j hvIqvÕ, Kv‡qm Avn‡g` wbiv‡eM †evSvcov, m¤úv`K : mykv‰‭
gRyg`vi, c„. 79| Ges, nvqvr gvgy`, ÔP¶z®§vb Zxi‱`vRÕ, H, c„. 28|]
†deª qvwi 2006-G mvwnZ¨ cÖKvk †_‡K wRqv nvmv‡bi MÖ‰ bvq †QvUM‡íi GKwU Abe`¨
msKjb cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q|
B| kvnv`y¾vgvb‡K ejv GB K_vi wfZi w`‡q lv‡Ui GKRb Zi Y‡jL‡Ki n‡q-IVvi wKQy
Bw½Z cvIqv hvh| GLv‡b K_K GKRb, AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm wb‡RB, Z‡e Gi wfZi
w`‡q GB mg‡qi Rxebhvcbmn mvwnZ¨ I mswkøó RxebwP‰‭vi Bw½Z BZ¨vw` ey‡S †bqv hvq|
Gi Av‡M, AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm hLb m‡e XvKv G‡m‡Qb, lv‡Ui GKUz Av‡M, †mB †_‡K
ga¨-lvU, Zv‡ì wek¦we`¨vjqRxe‡bi †kl ch©‰‭I wZwb GB K‡_vcK_b †_‡K Rvbv hvq :
233
K‡j‡R fwZ© n‡j Avgvi K‡qKwU AvÇvi GKwU wQj K‡qKRb eÜzi m‡½ hv‡ì †KD
†KD †jLK| Zv‡ì K‡qKRb †jLv Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| knx`yi ingvb K‡qKw`b Av‡M gviv
†M‡Q, Mí wb‡q †g․wjK fvebv wQj Ii| Ii m‡½ Avjvc nZ Lye| Z‡e XvKv K‡j‡Ri `y‡Uv
eQi Mí †jLv wb‡q Avgvi me‡P‡q †ewk Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q gvb′v‡bi m‡½| Ave`yj gvb′vb
•mq`| bZzb ai‡bi Mí †jLvi †SuvK Avgv‡ì `yRbviB ZLb cÖej| wK K‡i wjL‡j
wVKfv‡e wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kiv hvq, M‡í wKfv‡e fvlv eënvi Kie G wb‡q w`‡bi ci w`b
Avjvc K‡iwQ, wbD gv‡K©‡Ui †fZ‡i †hLv‡b gmwR` n‡q‡Q †mLv‡b cvK© wQj, †mLv‡b e‡m
K_v ej‡Z ej‡Z Pvicv‡ki †`vKvb¸‡jv eÜ n‡Z †`‡LwQ|
kvnv`y¾vgvb, ÔAvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi m‡½ mv¶vrKviÕ, wjwiK, 1992|
9. Ô...cÂv‡ki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS Avgiv hviv Mí-Dcb¨vm wjL‡Z ïi  Kwi Zv‡ì A‡b‡Ki
†fZi welq I Avw½‡Ki GK bZzb cix¶v-wbix¶vi cÖ‡qvRb‡eva RvwM‡qwQj| †mB †cÖiYvi
d‡j evsjv M‡í (Dcb¨v‡m ZZUv bq), fvlvi, NUbvweb¨v‡mi, PwiÎwbg©v‡Yi, iƒcKv_©
Av‡iv‡ci, Ggb-wK M‡íi bvgKi‡YI bZzb bZzb †Póv ïi  nq| 60 mv‡ji GwcÖ‡j †QvU Mí
bv‡g GKwU KvM‡R Avwg GKwU cÖeÜ wjwL, Ôevsjv †QvUMí : bZzb cyi ‡li Avwef©veÕ| hZ`~i
Rvwb, GB cÖeÜwU‡ZB me©cÖ_g GB bZzb Mí Av‡‱`vj‡bi wKQy m~Îwb‡`©‡ki †Póv nq| Õ
†`‡ek ivq, Ôevsjv †QvUM‡íi AvaywbKZvÕ : †`‡ek iv‡qi †QvUMí, 1991, c„. 7|
10. Ave`yjøvn Avey mvqx` m¤úvw`Z mv¤cÖwZK avivi M‡íi (1964) †jLK cwiwPwZ‡Z
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi cwiPq QvÎ; cÖKvwkZe¨ Dcb¨vm AÜKvi‡K †Ku‡ì D‡jøL wQj|
GQvov KÉ¯î cÖ_g el© cÖ_g msL¨vqI (1965) AÜKvi‡K †Ku‡ì weÁvcb †e‡ivq| †jLv
evûj¨, GB bv‡g Zuvi †KvbI Dcbvm KL‡bv cÖKvwkZ nqwb|
1969 mv‡ji gv‡P© gynv¤§` gyRv‡Ï` I •mq` BKevj i gx m¤úvw`Z Avmbœ‡Z
cÖKvwkZ nq AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi Mí ÔwP‡j‡KvVvqÕ| GKB wk‡ivbv‡g 1975-Gi †kl
w`‡K wP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvBi wZb wKw¯‭ msev‡` Qvcv nIqvi c‡i msev` KZ…©c¶ Dcb¨vmwUi
Qvcv eÜ K‡i †`b| ÔwP‡j‡KvVvqÕ cÖm‡½ Z…Yg~j : AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm msL¨vq (1998,
184), gvneyeyj Avjg wj‡L‡Qb, Ô1969 m‡b gynv¤§` gyRv‡Ï` I •mq` BKevj i gx Avmbœ
bv‡g GKwU msKjb m¤úv`bv K‡ib| G‡Z ÔwP‡j‡KvVvqÕ bv‡g Bwjqv‡mi GKwU Mí wQj| GB
M‡íi ÔnvmvbÕ PwiÎwU †h weewZ©Z ÔiÄyÕ Zv eyS‡Z Amyweav nq bv| wP‡j‡KvVvi †mcvB‡Z
Avgiv Avevi `ywU iÄyi mv¶vr cvB|
11. K. †RvwZcÖKvk `Ë Mí †j‡Lbwb `xN©w`b| 1988 mvj †_‡K Avevi wjL‡Z ïi  K‡ib|
2000 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ Zuvi Mímg‡MÖ wb‡Ri mvwnwZ¨KRxeb‡K `yB c‡e© fvM K‡i‡Qb : GK.
1957 †_‡K 1969 ev‡iv eQi Ges; `yB. 1988 †_‡K A`¨vewa Avevi ev‡iv eQi| gvSLv‡b
c‡o Av‡Q AvVv‡bv eQ‡ii evjyPi|
L. gvngy`yj nK 1982-i c‡i mvwnZ¨ †_‡K †¯^‪Qvwbe©vmb †bb| GK cÖKvi AÁvZ Kvi‡YB|
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e¨_©Zv, mvgvwRK Aw¯ wZkxjZv, MYZvw‰¿K wewa-eë¯ v cÖwZôvq A¶gZv, Dchy©cwi mvgwiK
kvmb ZQbQ K‡i w`‡q‡Q mgvRKvVv‡gv Ges gvby‡li cÖZ¨vkv| †g․wjK KvVv‡gv‡Z †Kv‡bv
¸YMZ cwieZ©b bv G‡jI DciKvVv‡gv‡Z G‡m‡Q wewea iè`j| ZviB msev`, wPÎ, wbh©vm
wb‡q mËi `k‡Ki Mí|
[ †jLK: M`¨wkíx| †ckv: PvKwi| ]
239
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí: Avwki `kK
bv m wi b Rv nv b
wefv‡MvËi Kvj †_‡KB e¨vcK cwieZ©‡bi ga¨w`‡q Av_©-mvgvwRK cUf~wg‡Z ga¨weË

mgv‡Ri bvMwiK weKv‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_ Rxe‡bi bvbv RwUjZv †jLK‡ì Rxeb m‡PZb K‡i
ZzjwQj| Ges Gi cÖfv‡e Av‰‭Rv© wZK †evam¤úb′ bMigb¯‥ I eyw×ag©x mvwnwZ¨Kiv Mfxi
wek¦¯‭Zvi mv‡_ GwM‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| Rxe‡bi Abyf~wZ, ev¯‭eZv, ¶q, †¶vf, ¯^c′ Ges
cÖZ¨vkv‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z| GB `k‡Ki `yÕRb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K_vmvwnwZ¨K n‡jb •mq`
IqvwjDjøvn& Ges kIKZ Imgvb| GQvovI M`¨mvwn‡Zï avivq huviv bvbvfv‡e cÖfve we¯‭vi
K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Aveyj dRj, Aveyj Kvjvg kvgmywÏb, gvneyeyj Avjg, kv‡n` Avjx
Ab¨Zg| GB `k‡Ki ¯^ícÖR †jLK nIqv m‡Ë¡I eyjeyj †P․ayix Ges dRjyj nK cvV‡Ki
†ek g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb|
GB `k‡Ki cÖavb mv_©KZv, •mq` IqvwjDjøvn&i g‡Zv GKRb AZ¨‰‭ AvaywbK
†evam¤úb′, cÖLi RxebNwbô m~² wkíwP‰‭v †PZbvq D ¢vwmZ †kªô K_vwkíxi DÌvb|
Pwjø‡ki `k‡Ki K_vwkíx‡ì †jLv mgv‡Ri ewjô iƒcvq‡Yi gva¨‡g GwM‡q †M‡jI,
wkíKjvi A‡bK `vwe c~iY Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jI cieZ©x cÖR‡b¥i Kv‡Q Avi Av‡e`b ivL‡Z
cviwQj bv| •ewPÎ-m‡¤^vabx gvbwmKZv wk‡íi MZvbyMwZKZvgy³ cÖMwZi nvZ a‡i G‡Mvq
e‡jB nq‡Zv bZzb cÖR‡b¥i cvVKwP‡Ëi Kv‡Q G‡ì A‡b‡Ki MíB A‡bKUvB Av‡e`bnxbZvq
iƒcv‰‭wiZ n‡q c‡owQj|
Zuv‡ì M‡í ZrKvjxb mgvR I Rxe‡bi cÖwZ‪Qwe Av‡Q| †jLK‡f‡` mgvR I
Rxe‡bi iƒcvq‡Yi cv¯úwiK ¯^vZ‰¿ I wewfb′Zv Av‡Q| ZLbKvi MíKviiv ¯^Kxq wkí‡K․k‡j
Zuv‡ì M‡íi welqe¯‧ M‡o wb‡qwQ‡jb| Z_vwc Zuviv mgmvgwqK g‰^‰‭i †`kwefvM msKU,
mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v BZ¨Kvi Aw¯ i cwiw¯ wZi w`‡K wcV wdwi‡q wQb′gj ~ gvby‡li gvb‡eZi
Rxeb-hvc‡bi Mfx‡i cÖ‡ek bv K‡i mvwn‡Z¨ •Zwi K‡i‡Qb GK fvmgvb RMr, hvi †kKo
gvwUi Mfx‡i wM‡q †cu․Qvqwb|
•mq` IqvwjDjøvn& Ges kIKZ Imgvb g~jZ GB aviv †_‡K wb‡R‡ì‡K wew‪Qb′ K‡i
wb‡qwQ‡jb| GB `k‡Ki MíKvi‡ì mvg‡b mvgvwRK I ivóªxq cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wQj eoB
UvjgvUvj| `y‡Uv wek¦hy× AwZµg K‡i‡Q c„w_ex| evsjvq ïi  n‡q‡Q wbôzi g‰^‰‭i,
mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v| Gme‡K †K‱`ª K‡i ivR‣bwZK ¯^v_©cZiv NUj evOvwj Rxe‡b wbôziZg
wefvRb; †`kwefvM| GBiKg bvRyK cwiw¯ wZ‡Z mvwnZïPbv Kv‡jI `y-wZbRb M`¨Kvi
Qvov KviI †Ljv‡ZB mgmvgwqKZvi Qvc †Zgbfv‡e g~Z© n‡q I‡Vwb| d‡j Rxeb
Dc¯ vc‡bi †¶‡Î wbôzi ev¯‭eZvi wbM~p duv‡Ki Rb¨B GB `kK cieZ©x cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q
Av‡e`b m„wó Ki‡Z A‡bKUv e¨_© n‡q‡Q|
240
cieZ©xKv‡j evsjv M‡íi †mªvZ a‡iB cÂv‡ki MíKvi‡ì DÌvb| AvaywbK
RxebwRÁwmvi Av‡jv‡K e¨w³iƒc‡K D‡b¥vPb Ki‡Z wM‡q gvby‡li Aw¯‭Z¡ weKv‡ki †¶‡Î A‰‭
i msNv‡Zi we‡kølY, †h․bZvi ms‡køl‡K Rxe‡bi GK Acwinvh© welqiƒ‡c ¸i Z¡ `vb Ges
cÖPwjZ cÖev‡ni e„Ë †f‡O gy³, Amv¤cÖ`vwqK, D`vi, cÖMwZev`x wP‰‭vkxjZvi ùzi‡Y cÂvk
`k‡Ki A‡bK MíKviB D¾¡j Av‡jvq wb‡R‡ì‡K D¾xweZ K‡i‡Qb| cÂvk `k‡Ki
†kK‡oi Ici GK iƒp gvbweK cÖfve we¯‭vi K‡i| GB `k‡Ki A‡b‡Ki †jLvq GB ¸i Z¡c~Y©
Av‡‱`vj‡bi Avb‱` Ges †e`bv g~Z© n‡q Av‡Q| 21 †deª qvwii mvgwMÖK †PZbv, G‡K †K‱`ª
K‡i m‡PZb gvby‡li g‡a¨ wek„‫‫‬Ljv, QvÎ‡ì wbg©g g„Zz¨... GB `kK‡K RvwZi Kv‡Q ¯§iYxq
K‡i †i‡L‡Q| AvaywbKZvi c_ a‡i GB `kK huv‡ì DÌvb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg †evinvb
DwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi, Avey BmnvK, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, ikx` Kwig, nvmvb nvwdRyi
ingvb, Rwni ivqnvb, mvBwq` AvwZKzjøvn, •mq` kvgmyj nK, ivwRqv Lvb cÖgLy |
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí lvU `k‡K G‡m GK bZzb mvwnwZ¨K cvjve`j NUvq| Õ52-i
fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi Av‡jvob g~jZ Gi cÖvYkw³i †K‱`ªwe‱`y| hvi Ici ùvwo‡q †MvUv †`‡ki
gvbyl AviI ivRbxwZm‡PZb n‡q I‡V| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †jLK‡ì •K‡kv‡ii †kl Ges
†h․e‡bi ïi  mvgwiK kvmb w`‡q Pvcv| cvwK¯‭v‡b gvby‡li Av¯ vq wPo AvBqye Lvb cwiYZ
K‡i dvU‡j| GB dvUj ZrKvjxb mgv‡R bvbv ai‡bi wek„‫‫‬Ljv Ges fvO‡bi D¯‥vwb †`q|
†jLKiv nZvkv I Ae¶‡qi cÖKvk NUv‡Z cÖ‡ivwPZ nb Ges Avevi Mv-Svov w`‡q H
D¯‥vwb‡K cwiYZ K‡ib Aby‡cÖiYvq| †MvUv †`‡ki gvbyl GBme cwiw¯ wZ‡K †K‱`ª K‡i AviI
ivRbxwZ-m‡PZb n‡q I‡Vb| cÖk′ I‡V mve©‡f․g ¯^vwaKv‡ii| wkí-mgv‡R ax‡i ax‡i †R‡M
DV‡Z _v‡K wbIwiqvwjRg gZev`| µgv‰^‡q †f‡O co‡Z _v‡K kv`vgvUv Rxe‡bi mij
wee„wZ| wiqvwjR‡gi g‡a¨ be¨ `vk©wbKZvi cÖfve, myiwiqvwjR‡gi Avg`vwb Avi Aw¯‭Z¡ev`x
†PZbvi cix¶v-wbix¶v| d‡j, hZB w`b †h‡Z _v‡K, M‡íi dg©I †h‡Z _v‡K cv‡ë| M‡íi
fye‡b N‡U •kwíK w`M‡‰‭i bqv D‡b¥vPb| ïay Ni-†Mi¯ vwji cyi‡bv Kvmyw‱` bq, ivRbxwZi
ZiZvRv Djøçb bq, cÖMvp Rxeb‡eva; fvlv Ges `„wófw½i g‡a¨ m~² AvaywbKZvi myMfxi
cÖ‪Qvqv Mí‡K K‡i †Zv‡j AwfRvZ, F×, mvwe©Kfv‡e m¤úb′| bZzb †UKwb‡K mg„× n‡q
fvlvi cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ Awfbe welq-•ewPÎ¨ Avbvi cÖqvm| GB mg‡qB gZev`-cÖavb
MíiPbvi avivwUi m~ÎcvZ| lvU `k‡Ki cÖ_gv‡a©i †h g~jwfwË fvlv Av‡‱`vjb Zv‡K Qvwo‡qI
mvgwiK kvm‡bi `ytmn huvZvK‡ji Kvi‡Y GB `k‡Ki †klw`‡K AviI e¨vcK k~b¨Zv Ges
civaxbZv‡K †K‱`ª K‡i cÖ_g w`KKvi M‡`ï †P‡q GB `k‡Ki †kl w`‡Ki M‡`¨ AviI
AwaK m¤úb′ Ges c~Y© n‡q I‡V|
GB †cÖ¶vc‡U huviv beZi ixwZ-•ewP‡Î¨, e³‡eï wek¦¯‭Zvq I `„wófw½i ¯^vZ‡‰¿¨
cÖwmw× †c‡q‡Qb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, kIKZ Avjx, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë,
ikx` nvq`vi, Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq`, ivnvZ Lvb, AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, Avj gvngy`,
†mwjbv †nv‡mb, Kv‡qm Avn‡g` cÖgyL|
lvU `k‡Ki †jLK‡ì †h we‡kl •ewkó¨wU cieZ©xKv‡ji †jLK‡ì we‡klfv‡e †cÖiYv
w`‡q‡Q Zv n‡‪Q gy³wP‰‭v Ges mgvR-m‡PZbv| we‡`wk mvwn‡Zï cÖfve‡K ¯^Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g
wP‰‭vi †¶‡Î Guiv †hgb n‡q D‡V‡Qb Av‰‭Rv© wZK, †ZgbB AvaywbK, Aw¯ i, h‰¿YvKxY© Ges
hvw‰¿K hy‡Mi nZvkvq we×| Ges †h †kªwY I mgv‡Ri Zuviv gvbyl †mB †kªwY I Ae¯ vb‡K Zx¶è
`„wófw½RvZ Mfxi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi mv‡_ M‡í Zz‡j Avb‡Z m‡Pó n‡q‡Qb hv mËi Ges Avwki
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`k‡Ki †jLK‡ì AviI Mfxifv‡e †gav, gbb I i wPi weKv‡ki †¶‡Î bZzb gvÎv †hvR‡bi
mnvqZv K‡i‡Q|
BwZg‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl †R‡M D‡V‡Q, MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi c_ a‡i QvÎ mgv‡Ri e¨vcK
Av‡‱`vjb‡K Pv½v K‡i Zz‡j‡Q, †MvUv evOvwj RvwZi •PZb¨| QvÎ kªwgK-K…lK ivRbxwZwe`
†jLK eyw×Rxex me©¯‭‡ii mKj gvbyl GK‡RvU n‡q Suvwc‡q c‡ob gnvb ¯^vaxbZvhy‡×|
bÕgv‡mi i³¶qx hy‡×i ci ¯^vaxb mve©‡f․g iv‡óªi Mwe©Z cZvKvZ‡j †R‡M D‡V‡Q bZzb
mgvR| Avi †mB mgv‡Ri Zver wkíx‡ì wkíK‡g© ¯ vb †c‡q‡Q gyw³hy×w`‡bi AwfÁZv|
wK‰‧ AZ¨‰‭ cwiZv‡ci welq GZ eo GKUv NUbv, GZ eo GKUv HwZnvwmK cwieZ©b †Kv‡bv
†jLv‡ZB wkí-mdjZv wb‡q weKwkZ nqwb| hwÌ mË‡ii †jLK‡ì mvnm I m‡PZbvi
†Zgb †Kv‡bv Afve †bB, mgvR I Rxe‡bi j¶¨‡f`x `„wó †i‡L Giv K_v e‡jb mivmwi|
d‡j fvlvi †¶‡ÎI lvU `kKxq fvwi KóvwR©Z M`¨fw½gvqI G‡m‡Q GKUv SiS‡i fve, hv
eogv‡ci mvwnZ¨m„wói c_‡K myMg bv K‡i eis ga¨we‡Ëi m¯‭vPUzj wQuPKuv`y‡b †K‪Qv eY©‡b
h‡_ó mnvqZv `vb K‡i‡Q| mË‡ii †jLK‡ì A‡b‡KB cvVK aivi duv` †c‡Z AbeiZ
†jLvi gva¨‡g Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Qb cyZzcyZz †cÖg, k~b¨Mf© Rxeb`k©b Avi duvcv eywj dvbym| Avi
hviv mwZ¨Kvi Rxeb‡K wkígwÊZ K‡i mvwn‡Z¨ ¯ vb w`‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, RbwcÖq avivi mvwn‡Zï
cÖej †mªv‡Zi av°vq Zv‡ì A‡b‡Ki Kjg †M‡Q i × n‡q| Gic‡iI cÖej m¤¢vebvmn
mË‡ii `y-GKRb Av‡Qb, hviv Avevi mvwnZ¨‡K ivRbxwZ Ges mgv‡Ri iƒp ev¯‭eZv Zz‡j
aivi A‡bKUv mivmwi gva¨g wn‡m‡e eënvi Ki‡Z PvB‡jb|
hy×-cieZ©xKvj wn‡m‡e mË‡ii cÖwZ cvV‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv wQj A‡bK| RbwcÖq avivi
mvwnZ¨PP©v, cy¯‭K‡K c‡Y¨ iƒcv‰‭wiZ Kiv, GBiKg wk‡íi Kv‡Q `vqe×Zvi †¶‡Î duvcv, A‰‭
tmvik~b¨ e¨vcK Ae¯ v m„wó Kivi cÖwµqv mË‡ii Av‡M ev c‡i Avi nqwb| ZeyI GK_v
wbwØ©avq ejv hvq Zij g‡bviÄ‡bi AevwÃZ K‡g© wjß n‡jI GB avivi mvwn‡Z¨ †e`bv,
†ivgvw‱UKZv BZ¨Kvi welq ms‡hvwRZ _vKvq Giv e¨vcK cvVK m„wó K‡i‡Qb| evsjv‡`‡ki
e¨vcK cvVK‡K K_vmvwn‡Z¨ AvMÖnx K‡i †Zvjvi e¨vcv‡i Gu‡ì †ek f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| GB
avivi mvwn‡Z¨ g~jZ ûgvq~b Avn‡g`, Bg`v`yj nK wgjb L¨vZ| cieZ©xKv‡j gCbyj Avnmvb
mv‡eiI wb‡Ri mvwnZ¨‡K †mB avivq cÖevwnZ K‡i‡Qb|
GBme cwiw¯ wZi g‡aÏ huviv wb‡R‡ì‡K gnr mvwnZ¨PP©vq e¨vc„Z †i‡L‡Qb Zuv‡ì
nv‡ZB ej‡Z †M‡j D‡V G‡m‡Q hy×cieZ©x ivR‣bwZK Aw¯ iZv, e¨_© kvmbeë¯ v, Dchy©cwi
mvgwiK Afy¨Ìvb, gvby‡li µgcZb, g~j‡ev‡ai P~ov‰‭ Ae¶q, nZ¨v Ges nvbvnvwb| wk‡íi
wePv‡i Zuviv Avgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv‡K KZUzKz c~iY Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q †mB weZ‡K© bv-†M‡jI G‡ì
kw³i w`KUv‡K wKQy‡ZB D‡c¶v Kiv hvq bv| GB ZvwjKvi g‡a¨ gÄy miKvi, mykv‰‭
gRyg`vi, ev‡iK Ave`yjøvn&, myKv‰‭ P‡Ævcva¨vq, gy¯‭vdv cvb′v, •mq` Kvgi j nvmvb I nwic`
`Ë Ab¨Zg| Gi g‡a¨ `y-wZbRb Qvov evwKiv AÁvZ Kvi‡Y K_vmvwn‡Zï c‡_ wb‡R‡ì
Kjg _vwg‡q w`‡q‡Qb|
†MvUv Avwki `kK Ry‡o †`‡k •¯îvPvi cÖwZwôZ wQj| wbcxob I jyÉb wbq‡g cwiYZ
nq| wgwjUvwi I kvmK‡Mvôxi bvbviKg Drcxo‡b mvaviY gvbyl QvovI wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì
¯^vaxbZvi Kjg A‡bKUvB wQj ey× n‡q‡Q| †MvUv `kK Ry‡oB gvby‡li cÖwZev`, cÖwZ‡iva
GK wek„‫‫‬Ljv Ae¯ vi m„wó K‡iwQj| †jLK‡ì AwaKvskB cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e GB
cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvwgj n‡qwQ‡jb| GBiKg cÖwZeÜK Ae¯ v‡ZI Zuv‡ì †jLv‡Z cjvqbx g‡bve„wË
242
†bB| GB `k‡Ki †jLKiv Abyaveb Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Qb ivRbxwZ Ges mvwnZ¨ `y‡Uv Avjv`v
gva¨g| ivRbxwZi cÖ‡qvR‡b wkí bq eis wkí‡K mg„× Ki‡Z mvwn‡Z¨ ivRbxwZi cÖ‡qvR‡b
wkí bq eis wkí‡K mg„× Ki‡Z mvwn‡Z¨ ivRbxwZ Avm‡Z cv‡i| d‡j gvby‡li cÖwZ‡iva‡K
ch©‡e¶Y Ki‡Z wM‡q Zv‡ì mvwn‡Z¨ wkígvb Lv‡Uv Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nqwb| mËi cieZ©xKv‡j,
M`¨ mvwn‡Zï we‡kl K‡i M‡íi msKUvcb′ Ae¯ v‡K †K‱`ª K‡i Òevsjv M‡íi wK g„Zz¨
NU‡Q?Ó GB-RvZxq cÖk′ D‡V‡Q| wVK †m mgq †cvlgvbv, cwiwPZ, wbivc` gvqvgq e„ËwU‡K
†f‡O †QvUM‡í bZzb Zi‡½i Abyfe G‡b‡Q we‡klK‡i wjUjg¨vMvwRb-†Kw‱`ªK Zi Y wKQy
MíKvi| Zuv‡ì †jLvq †QvUM‡íi wQgQvg ZbyLvwb Abycw¯ Z| c~e©m~wi‡ì RbwcÖqZvi avivq
Aw¯ i n‡q Avwki †Kv‡bv MíKviB wb‡R‡K cÖevwnZ Kivi cÖwZfvI (?) m¤¢eZ Avwk‡Z
Abycw¯ Z| mv¤cÖwZK gvbyl‡K Zz‡j aivi ZvwM‡` wb‡Uvj Mí †e‡o Zuviv •Zwi K‡i‡Qb bvbv
msK‡Ui KuvUvq ¶Zwe¶Z †QvUM‡íi LiL‡i kixi| wbix¶vcÖeYZv Avwki MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨B
me‡P †ewk cwijw¶Z nq| hwÌ Gu‡ì GKwU fv‡jv e¨_©Zv, Guiv Lye Kg †j‡Lb| A‡b‡Ki
†jLvi g‡a¨B wbix¶v, Mfxi Rxeb‡eva, mvgvwRK A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zv BZ¨vw` m~² wkígwÊZ
kw³i mv‡_ D‡V Av‡m wK‰‧ msL¨vq Zv ¯^í nIqvq, Ges e¨vcK cÖPvi gva¨‡gi my‡hvM
A‡b‡KB cwinvi Kivq Avwki MíKvi‡ì cwiwPwZ AZ¨‰‭ mxgve×| ZeyI ejv hvq e¨_©Zv
gvcvi mgq GLbI Avwki `k‡Ki MíKvi‡ì †K‱`ª K‡i Av‡mwb| mvg‡bi we¯‭…Z c_B Gi
mv_©KZv ev AmdjZvi fvi †b‡e|
Òwk‡íi mnvqZvq, wbiv‡eM wb‡g©vnZvq G `k‡Ki AwaKvsk †jLK Lye Aí wjL‡jI
†h-c_ Zuviv K‡i‡Qb Zv †QvUM‡íi gygl~ ©y kix‡i bZzb K‡i cÖv‡Yi mÂvi K‡i‡Q ejv hvq|Ó
GB MÖ‡‰ i cÖvq cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki M‡íB GB ev‡Kï ¯^v¶i wgj‡e Avkv Kwi| lv‡Ui g‡Zv GB
`k‡Ki Zi YivI Av‰‭Rv© wZK †eva¤úcb′| c„„w_exi ivRbxwZ, mvwnZ¨ cÖwZw`b †Kvb c‡_
avweZ n‡‪Q †m m¤ú‡K© Zuviv mRvM| †Kv‡bv eo ai‡bi hy× QvovB G `k‡K †h wekvj
cwieZ©b N‡U Zv gvbe-BwZnv‡m Zvrch©c~Y©| Gi g‡a¨ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi
wech©q| hwÌ Zv N‡U‡Q Avwki GK`g †kl cÖv‡‰‭ G‡m| mvwn‡Z¨ cÖfve †djvi g‡Zv
mg‡qiB AeKvk cvIqv hvqwb| mvg‡bi mg‡qi w`‡K G cÖm‡½ †P‡q †`Lvi AeKvk Av‡Q
•ewK| G QvovI c„w_exe¨vcx †g․jev‡ì DÌvb, d¨vwmev‡ì cà″wb cÖf„wZ †jLK‡ì g‡a¨
cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶fv‡e †ek cÖfve †dj‡Q| d‡j †jLKiv cwievi, e¨w³ Ges ïay Zuvi
Pvicv‡ki mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ wb‡R‡ì †jLv‡K mxgve× ivL‡Z PvB‡Qb bv| G †¶‡Î mvgvwRK
msK‡Ui mv‡_ Av‰‭Rv© wZK msKU wgwkªZ n‡q mvwnZ¨ wfb′avivq cÖevwnZ nIqvi cÖqvm cv‡‪Q|
G `k‡Ki cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Zi Y| e„Ë †f‡O evB‡i Avmvi Rb¨ Db¥yL, d‡j A‡b‡Ki Kv‡QB †mB
e„Ë fvOvi †K․kjwU‡K AcwiYZ, AMÖnY‡hvM¨ g‡b n‡Z cv‡i| wK‰‧ Zvi ‡Yï ag© e„Ë fvOvi
†Póv| †mB †Póvi mydjZvi wePvi KvjB Ki‡e|
g~jZ wjUjg¨vMvwRb‡K †K‱`ª K‡iB GB `k‡Ki we¯‭vi| ms‡e`, cÖm~Y, MvÊxe,
Awb‱`¨, †cuPv, wjwiK, W¨v‡dvwWj, iƒcg... GBme wjUj g¨vMvwRb GB `k‡K M‡`ï †¶‡Î
†ek kw³kvjx f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q| hwÌ Gme mvwnZ¨ cwÎKvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bvUvB wjUj g¨vMvwRb
bq, G wb‡q bvbv weZK© Av‡Q| Z_vwc Gme weZ‡K©i D‡a″© wM‡q mvwn‡Zï †¶‡Î G‡ì
Ae`v‡bi K_v ¯^xKvi Ki‡jB bq|
hy‡M hy‡M †Kv‡bv bZzbB Zvi Kv‡j MÖnY‡hvM¨ nqwb| †m wePv‡i GB `k‡Ki ¯^í -wjwL‡q,
wb‡g©vn M‡`ï aviK‡ì m¤ú‡K© GLb †Kv‡bviKg g‰‭e¨ bv-KivB DwPZ| GiciI K‡qKRb
243
MíKv‡ii M‡íi cÖeYZvi AZ¨‰‭ msw¶ß D‡jøL bv Ki‡j Pj‡Q bv| †mwjg †gvi‡k` GB
`k‡Ki GKRb wbix¶vcÖeY Ab¨Zg M`¨Kvi| KK©k, iƒp ev¯‭eZv Zuvi Kj‡g wfb′ KÉ¯^‡ii
ga¨w`‡q g~Z© n‡q I‡V| gvgyb ûmvB‡bi M‡`¨ Avgiv MÖvg Ges gvbyl‡K cÖZ¨¶ Kwi wkwíZ
eY©bvag©x fw½‡Z| cvi‡fR †nv‡mb M`¨ †j‡Lb Am¤¢e mshgx Kj‡g| wiqvwjw÷K avivi
msnZ eY©bvi e¨vcv‡i Zuvi `¶Zv AmvaviY| kwn`yj Avj‡gi cÖavb m¤ú` Zuvi fvlv|
myiwiqvwjw÷K avivq Zuvi M`¨ †ek fuvR Ly‡j G‡Mvq| knx`yj Rwn‡ii g‡a¨ Avgiv
iƒcK_v‡K AvaywbKvwkªZ d‡g© M‡í wfb′fv‡e Dc¯ vc‡bi cÖeYZv j¶ Kwi| KvRj
kvn&‡bIqv‡Ri M‡`Ï Avgiv mgmvgwqK ev¯‭eZv‡K wbix¶vi gva¨‡g Zz‡j aivi AbïKg
cÖqvm ch©‡e¶Y Kwi|
G QvovI GB `k‡Ki •mq` wiqvRyi ikx`, Zv‡iK kvnwiqvi, A‡kvK Ki, gvLivR
Lvb, kvgmyj Kwei, cÖjq †è; mÄxe †P․ayix, †èvwkl fÆvPvh©, Iqvwn` †iRv, gwneyj
AvwRR Gu‡ì MZvbyMwZK e„Ë †f‡O Mí‡K bZzb ¯ v‡b ùvo Kiv‡bvi cÖeYZv †ek j¶ Kiv
hvq| cÖPwjZ d‡g©, M`¨ wb‡q †Kv‡bviKg RwUjZvi g‡a¨ bv-wM‡qB huviv wbijm Mí iPbvq
e¨vc„Z Av‡Qb Zuviv n‡jb, Iqvwm Avn‡g`, BgwZqvi kvgxg, Sb©v ingvb, gbxk ivq, †gv¯‭dv
û‡mBb, nvwg` Kvqmvi, ûgvqyb gvwjK| GB MÖ‡‰ i AviI GKRb MíKvi bvmixb Rvnvb,
†h‡nZz wZwb wb‡RB MÖ‰ wU m¤úv`bv Ki‡Qb, †m‡nZz Zvi M‡íi wePv‡ii fvi cvV‡Ki Ici
iBj| hwÌ GB `k‡Ki †jLK‡ì cÖavb cÖeYZv wbix¶vi ga¨w`‡q cÖPwjZ †eva, wP‰‭v‡K
AwZµg K‡i hvIqv| Z_vwc huviv †mB c‡_ avweZ nbwb Zuviv mijfv‡e Rxe‡bi AÜKvi
w`K¸‡jvi cÖwZ Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i‡Qb| wk‡íi cÖwZ GuivI †ek mr| †KD †KD Avevi AZ¨‰‭
m¤¢vebvgq GKwU Mí wj‡L †_‡g †M‡Qb| GB MÖ‡‰  Zv‡ì‡KI A‰‭f©³ y Kiv n‡q‡Q| civev¯‭
eZvi AcÖPwjZ dg©‡K bZzb Avw½‡K Dc¯ vcb Kivi cÖqvm Avwki `k‡Ki A‡bK MíKv‡ii
g‡a¨ j¶ Kiv hvq| mvgvwRK wKsev gbtmsKU‡K iƒcKvwkªZ d‡g© Zz‡j Avbvi Guiv AwaK
c¶cvZx| GB mvwn‡Zï c_ KLbB e¨vcK cvV‡Ki bq| Z‡e Guiv Gi PP©v AviI e„w× Ki‡j
GB Kv‡ji mvwe©K mdjZv m¤ú‡K© A‡bKUv wbwðZ nIqv †hZ|
GB MÖ‡‰ i m¤úv`bvi `vwqZ¡I e‡Z©‡Q Avwki `k‡Ki MíKv‡ii Ici| MÖ‡‰ i m¤§Z
Mí m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ n‡q‡Q| mvwe©K myweavi ¯^v‡_© GB MÖ‡‰ i m~wPcÎ †jLK‡ì bv‡gi
Av`¨¶i Abyhvqx wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| MÖ‡‰ i mg¯‭ Mí m¤úv`bvi e¨vcv‡i mvwe©K mnvqZv
Ges cÖej Drmvn `v‡bi e¨vcv‡i Avwg evsjv GKv‡Wgxi DccwiPvjK K_v-mvwnwZ¨K †mwjbv
†nv‡m‡bi Kv‡Q AZ¨‰‭ K…ZÁ| †jLK wbe©vPb Ges M‡íi e¨vcv‡i civgk© `v‡bi Rb¨
K_vwkíx AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm Ges Ômsev`Õ cwÎKvi mvwnZ¨ m¤úv`K Aveyj nvmbv‡Zi
Kv‡Q Avgvi Amxg K…ZÁZv|
me‡k‡l Avgvi K…ZÁZv evsjv GKv‡Wgxi cÖwZ| m‡e †cwi‡q Avmv Zi Y `k‡Ki
e¨vcv‡i AvMÖn cÖ`vb K‡i Ggb GKwU MÖ‰  cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM `vb Kivq| hvi Rb¨ Ggb GKwU
g~jëvb MÖ‰  e¨vcK cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q †cu․Qy‡bvi my‡hvM †cj|
[ †jLK: M`¨wkíx| †ckv: mvsevw`KZv| ]
244
cÖ e Ü
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí: be″B‡qi `kK
cv c wo i n gv b
K_vq Mí _v‡K, K_vnxbZvqI Mí _v‡K| Mí gvby‡li mf¨Zvi wcVvwcwV weivR Kiv GK

wkígva¨g| Mí †bB †Zv RxebI †bB| AvcvZ-wbixn I wk‡íi axiZg GB gva¨g wb‡q Ggb
K_v ej‡Z †KD nq‡Zv Pg‡KI DV‡Z cv‡ib| wK‰‧ Mí ZvB hv mf¨Zv‡K wbY©‡qi ¶gZv
iv‡L| Mí bvbvb mg‡q bvbvbfv‡e Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k weivR K‡i| Mí‡K GKUv mgq a‡i
evQ-wePv‡ii cÖwµqvI G Rb¨B Pvjy Av‡Q| Rj-b`x-cvnvo-mgy‡`ªi I eûRvwZi GB
Rbc‡ì BwZnvm-HwZnÏ Aci †`‡ki RvwZ‡Mvôxi g‡Zv bq| hvi d‡j M‡íi
BwZnvm‡PZbvq I b„ZvwË¡K Ave‡n fvlv Avjv`v AvPiY K‡i _v‡K| Avgiv hLb be″B
`k‡Ki †QvUMíKvi‡ì mvwnZ¨K…wZ wb‡q K_v eje, ZLb Avgiv GB welq¸‡jv ¯§i‡Y
ivL‡Z evmbv Kwi|
Rxe‡bi mvgwMÖK Dc¯ vcbv _vK‡jI K_vmvwn‡Z¨ Rxe‡bi iƒcvqY n‡q‡Q GK-GK
mgq GK-GK †K․k‡j| GK`v AvL¨vb, DcvL¨vb, cyivY I iƒcK_vi g‡a¨ †h Rxebvqb j¶
Kwi, G mg‡q K_vmvwn‡Z¨ wVK †Zgwb †`Lv hvq bv| Z‡e Zvi LvwbK ¯úk© Av‡Q, Av‡Q
Abyfe| mgq †`Lvi †evSvi I Abyf‡ei evmbv e`‡j w`‡q‡Q| `„wófw½i GB wfb′Zvi KviY
gvbemgv‡R µgea©gvb Rxeb-RwUjZvi Dr‡¶cY; hv †_‡K mvwn‡Z¨ Rb¥ †bq Ae¶qev`,
civev¯‭eev`, DËi-AvaywbKZv, wew‪Qb′Zvev`, †jvKR Aa¨vZ¥ev` BZ¨vw` gZev`cÖm~Z aviYv|
cÖK…Zc‡¶ ivóª‡K wb‡qB K_vmwn‡Zï Kvievi| Rxe‡bi iƒc Zv‡Z A‰‭tmwjjviƒ‡c
cÖevwnZ| wbQK imm„wó K_vmvwn‡Zï cÖavb we‡eP¨ welq bq| †Kbbv K_vwk‡íi †h g~j welq
mgvR-Rxeb, ivóª I gvbyl †mB welqwUB GKv‰‭ ev¯‭e| Ges welqwU ev¯‭e e‡jB mvwn‡Z¨ Zvi
Avkªq AZ¨‰‭ mnR I ¯^vfvweK| ev¯‭eev`x mvwn‡Zï g‡a¨ AvK…wZ I cÖK…wZMZ w`K †_‡K
†QvUM‡íi welqwU †h gnvN©¨ wk‡íi `vwe`vi GK_v ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡L bv| Avi Gi iƒcvqY
wbðqB Lye mnR KvR bq| †QvUMí ZvB wewkó mvwnZ¨Kg© wn‡m‡eB we‡ewPZ| Kv‡ji
AMÖMwZi eû‡K․wYK wewPÎ mKj avc AwZµg K‡i †m AvR‡Ki GB wcÖq evwÃZ wkíiƒcwU
jvf K‡i‡Q| GLb Avi Zv iweVvKz‡ii mxgvbvq, †QvUcÖvY †QvUe¨_vq AvU‡K †bB ev Zv‡Z
Mí Avi Zzó bq| GLb GKRxe‡b eûRxeb ev eûRxe‡b GKRxe‡bi wbweo Ig †hb ¯úó
n‡‪Q| M‡í bvbvb Av‡jv, bvbvb AÜKvi, Ggwb bvbvb †m․‱`h© G‡Kev‡i jy‡UvcywU Lv‡‪Q|
M‡íi †QvU AvwObv GLb Rxe‡bi Avw`-A‰‭ G‡Kev‡i SuvcvSuvwc K‡i wb‡Ri RvqMv-Rwgb
wVKVvK Kiv ïi  K‡i‡Q| GgbwK e¨w³i m„wógyLi mËvI wb‡Ri Aeqe we¯‭…Z Ki‡Q|
245
Avgv‡ì Mí-BwZnvm wbcyYfv‡e a‡i a‡i †`L‡j Avgiv cvB †h Õ47 cieZ©xKv‡j,
†`kfv‡Mi d‡j, e¨vcK cwieZ©‡bi ga¨ w`‡q Av_©mvgvwRK cUf~wg‡Z ga¨weË mgv‡Ri
bvMwiK weKv‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_ Rxe‡bi ¯^c′gqZv †hgb †m cvq, ¯^c′f‡½i nZwen″j Ae¯ v
†`‡L Zvi †P‡q †ewk| hv IB mg‡qi †jLK‡ìI bvbvfv‡e cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z _v‡K| µ‡g
µ‡g Zviv eyS‡Z _v‡K, †`k ¯^vaxb n‡q‡Q g~jZ a‡g©i bv‡g G‡`‡ki gvbyl‡K †kvlY-
wbcxo‡bi Rb¨| Z‡e ZLb bMigb¯‥ I eyw×ag©x mvwnwZ¨Kiv Mfxi wek¦¯‭Zvi mv‡_ we‡k¦i
Ab¨vb¨ wkí-mvwn‡Zï mv‡_I cwiPq NUv‡Z _v‡Kb, Ges Zuv‡ì K_vmvwnZÏ e`‡j †h‡Z
_v‡K| Zuviv Rxe‡bi bvbvb ev¯‭eZv, ¶q, †¶vf, Abyf~wZ ¯^c′ I cÖZ¨vkv‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb| G mg‡qi Mímvwn‡Zï avivq huviv bvbvfv‡e cÖfve we¯‭vi K‡i‡Qb Zuviv n‡jb
kIKZ Imgvb, kvgmy`&`xb Aveyj Kvjvg, •mq` IqvjxDjøvn, Avey i k`, kv‡n` Avjx,
mi`vi R‡qbDÏxb, Aveyj dRj, gvneyeyj Avjg cÖgLy | eyjeyj †P․ayix I dRjyj nK
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg wj‡LI cvVKwcÖqZv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb|
gyw³eyw× Av‡‱`vj‡bi cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ cÖfve wb‡q Guiv †QvUMíPh©vq D‡`¨vMx
wQ‡jb| Rwg`vwicÖ_v D‡‪Q‡ì d‡j Avgiv ga¨we‡Ëi bZzb †Pnviv †`wL| cÖMwZkxjZvi
D‡b¥l, †ZfvMv Av‡‱`vjb, b„-RvwZ‡Mvôxi jovB-msMÖvg GB Rbc‡ì gvbmc‡U cÖfve ivL‡Z
_v‡K| Zviv mvs¯‥…wZKfv‡e µgk AviI m‡PZb Avi AvaywbK n‡Z _v‡Kb| †`‡ki weivRgvb
cwi‡cÖw¶Z ZLb wQj †kvPbxq| ZrKvjxb K_vmvwnwZ¨Kiv Zuv‡ì mvg‡b †c‡q‡Qb
wek¦h‡y ×vËi msKU, g‰^‰‭i, mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v I †`kfv‡Mi g‡Zv wbôzi AgvbweK I Ab¨vh¨
NUbvmg~n| Ggb cÖwZK‚j mvgvwRK `yie¯ vi †fZi GKRb m„Rbkxj †jLK‡K g‡bv‡hvM
w`‡Z n‡q‡Q ivóªxq NUbvmg~n, mvgvwRK Aeë¯ cbvq Ges GKBm‡½ Zuvi m„RbkxjZvi
cÖwZI| GB Uvbvc‡o‡bi g‡aÏ kIKZ Imgvb, Aveyj dRj †QvUM‡í Amv¤cÖ`vwqK
gvbweKZv, MÖvgRxe‡bi Amvg¨-Am½wZ g~Z© K‡i †Zv‡jb| †KD †KD weåv‰‭ n‡q AvaywbK
mvwn‡Zï •ewkó¨ µ‡g µ‡g Pjgvb nIqvi ciI wefv‡MvËi K_vmvwnZ¨‡K AvaywbK K‡i M‡o
Zzj‡Z wQ‡jb bvivR| Zuv‡ì mvwnZÏ †`kfv‡Mi †f`-eyw×‡Z †d‡j we‡ePbv Kivi Kvi‡Y
¶zY′ nq evsjv K_vmvwn‡Zï avivevwnKZv| Zuviv LvwiR K‡i †`b K_vmvwn‡Zï DËivwaKvi|
†KD †KD Avevi kvmK‡ì mvs¯‥…wZK †K․k‡ji m‡½ myi †gjvb; ag©-mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv‡K AwaK
¸i Z¡ w`‡Z _v‡Kb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ BwZnv‡mi R¡j‰‭ †cÖ¶vcU †`kfvM I mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v, f~wg-
DrLvZ kiYv_©x‡ì we‡`k-wefyuB‡q gvb‡eZi Rxebhvcb wgwj‡q mgvR I gvby‡li Amnvq
Ki Y Mv_v Avgv‡ì mvg‡bi mvwii AMÖR MíKviiv †QvUM‡í wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡ibwb| MÖvgxY
cUf~wgi `yb©xwZ, Amvg¨ Ges wQb′gj ~ gvby‡li `ytL‡eva †QvUM‡í hv G‡m‡Q Zv GZB
Kzqvkv‪Qb′ hv mwi‡q cvVK m‡Zï gy‡LvgywL n‡Z cv‡ibwb| e¨wZµg •mq` IqvjxDjøvn welq-
Dc¯ vcbvq, Mífvlvq wZwbB Avgv‡ì MímvwnZ¨‡K AvaywbKZvi gh©v`v `vb K‡ib| wZwb
Dcb¨vm I Mí `yB †¶‡ÎB bv‱`wbKZvgyLi mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡ib| hv GB mg‡qi cÖK…Z
AvaywbKZv‡K †evam¤úb′, cÖLi RxebNwbô m~² wkí‡PZbvq D ¢vwmZ Ki‡Z mg_©b nb|
fvlv Av‡‱`vj‡bi ZxeªZv wb‡q cÂv‡ki `kK Ggwb‡ZB wQj NUbveûj| gvZ…fvlvi
`vwe‡Z msMÖvg, we‡`ªvn, g„Zz¨ cÖvwß ev AcÖvwß‡Z †MvUv `kK iƒp, gvbweK cÖfv‡e cÖfvevw‰^Z
n‡q c‡o| d‡j A‡b‡Ki †jLv‡ZB GB ¸i Z¡c~Y© Av‡‱`vjb ¯ vb K‡i wb‡qwQj| GB
Av‡‱`vjb‡K †K‱`ª K‡i m‡PZb gvby‡li g‡a¨ jovB-msMÖvg, QvÎ-RbZvi wbg©g g„Zz¨,
wb‡R‡ì AwaKvi cÖwZôvq AUj cÂvk bvbv Kvi‡YB RvwZi Kv‡Q ¯§iYxq n‡q Av‡Q| Ges
246
GB `k‡KB Avgiv †c‡qwQ ¶ziavi †jLbx‡Z wb‡R‡ì D ¢vwmZ K‡i †Zvjv †ek wKQy
MíKvi| •mq` kvgmyj nK, Rwni ivqnvb, †evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi, Avey BmnvK, ivwRqv
Lvb, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, mvBwq` AvwZKzjøvn, ikx` Kwig, nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb, knx`
mv‡ei, Ave`yj Mvddvi †P․ayix cÖgLy | GB MíKviiv AvaywbK Rxeb-wRÁvmvi Av‡jv‡K
e¨w³iƒc‡K D‡b¥vPb Ki‡Z wM‡q gvby‡li Aw¯‭Z¡ weKv‡ki †¶‡Î †fZ‡ii msNvZ‡K we‡kølY
K‡iwQ‡jb| Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Acwinvh© welqiƒ‡c ¸i Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb †h․bZvi ms‡køl‡K| cÂv‡ki
MíKviiv cÖPwjZ e„Ë‡K †f‡OPz‡i wb‡R‡ì Amv¤cÖ`vwqK, D`vi, cÖMwZkxj wP‰‭vkxjZv‡K
mvwn‡Z¨ ¯ vb w`‡q‡Qb|
evsjv‡`‡ki Mí cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv `„wóMÖvn¨ euvK cwieZ©b K‡i lv‡Ui `k‡K|
Aw¯ iZvi mgq wQj †mwU Kx Avgv‡ì cwiPq GB cÖk′ cÖej n‡q †`Lv w`‡qwQj ZLb|
Z‡Zvw`‡b ag©wfwËK ivóªZ‡Ë¡i †gvn †K‡U †M‡Q, µgk D‡b¥vwPZ n‡‪Q cvwK¯‭vwb‡ì cÖK…Z
¯îƒc, evOvwj ùvwo‡q Av‡Q Zvi AvZ¥cwiP‡qi cÖk′ mvg‡b wb‡q, fve‡Z ïi  K‡i‡Q
¯^vwaKv‡ii K_vI| GKw`‡K mvgwiK kvm‡bi huvZvK‡j wcó n‡‪Q mg¯‭ gvbeZv Ab¨w`‡K
Pj‡Q Av‡‱`vjb-msMÖvg-cÖwZ‡iva| GKw`‡K RvZxqZv‡eva I ¯^vZ‰¿¨‡eva wbg©v‡Yi cÖej cÖPzi
cÖwµqv, Ab¨w`‡K evOvwj‡ì wei ‡× Ae¨vnZ loh‰¿| c~e©eZ©x A_©vr cÂv‡ki †jLKiv †hb
wKQyUv nZf¤^ wQ‡jb bZzb ivóª cÖvwß‡Z Avi lv‡Ui †jLKiv A‡bK †ewk w¯ i n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb
AvZ¥cwiP‡qi cÖ‡k′| GB A‡_© mgqwU bvbvw`K †_‡K msKU I wbg©v‡YiI e‡U| mvwn‡Zï
f~wgwU ZL‡bv wQj wKQyUv big K`©gv³| exR‡¶Î Kxfv‡e wbwg©Z n‡e, †mwU wbf©i KiwQj
†jLK‡ì IciB| GB Ø‱Ø I msKUgyLi mg‡q lv‡Ui mvwnZ¨Kg©xiv wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb
cÖ_vfvOvi A½xKvi, bZzb wKQy wbg©v‡Yi Av‰‭wiK-D`¨g-D‪Qj cÖ‡Póv| Gi Rb¨ †h `xß-D¾¡j
Zi Y †Mvôxi cÖ‡qvRb, lv‡Ui Zv wQjI| GB lv‡Ui `k‡K evsjv‡`‡ki Mí †cu․‡Q hvq GK
m¤§vbRbK ¯‭‡i| GB †cÖ¶vc‡U huviv beZi ixwZ‣ewPÎ¨, e³‡eï wek¦¯‭Zvq I `„wófw½i
¯^vZ‡‰¿¨ cÖwmw× †c‡q‡Qb Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, †mwjbv
†nv‡mb, Kv‡qm Avng`, wiwRqv ingvb, gvngy`yj nK, kIKZ Avjx, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, myeªZ
eo‬qv, ikx` nvq`vi, Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq`, ivnvZ Lvb, Avj gvngy`, wecÖ`vk eo‬qv, nvmbvZ
Ave`yj nvB, ekxi Avj‡njvj cÖgLy | Gu‡ì mw¤§wjZ cÖqvm, mgvRmÁvbZv, wkí‡eva Ges
AvaywbK mvwn‡Zï MwZ-cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© Dcjwä †QvUM‡íi fuvov‡i Rgv K‡i D¾¡j km¨|
GgbwK we‡k¦i wewfb′ mvwnZ¨v`‡k©i Zi½ G‡m †cu․Qvq Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Z¨| Gi cÖfv‡e bZzb
mg‡qi bZzb mvwnZ¨ Avw½K I fvlvfw½ mn‡hv‡M Mí †j‡Lb †jLKiv|
mË‡ii `kK evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ wb‡q G‡mwQj GK Af~Zc~e© I Abv¯^vw`Z AwfÁZv|
EbmË‡ii MYAfyÌvb I mË‡ii cÖjqsKix R‡jv‪Q¡v‡mi `vM ZL‡bv ï‡Kvqwb GB †`k †_‡K
Zvi g‡a¨B Gj GKvËi| Avgv‡ì gnvb gyw³hy×| †mB mg‡qi mvwnZ¨fye‡bI cwieZ©‡bi
†XD †j‡MwQj| ZviciI lv‡Ui Mí •ewkó¨, Avw½K ev wjwc‡K․kj, M`¨fw½GgbwK
cwi‡cÖw¶Z Ae‡jvK‡bi m‡½ mË‡ii Mí‡jLK‡ì mvhyR¨ AwaK| Guiv †h †kªwY I Ae¯ v‡bi
gvbyl Zv Zuviv Zxeª g‡bv‡hv‡Mi m‡½ M‡í Zz‡j G‡b‡wQ‡jb| mgv‡Ri fvOb-wbg©vY, ¶q I
weKvk, ¤øvwbgv I we‡¶vf, Nyg I Av‡jvo‡bi welq‡K mË‡ii MíKviiv M‡íi welq
K‡i‡Qb| †h wØav, wcQyUvb, AbvMÖn, fq wefv‡MvËi †jLK‡ì wQj `yB `kK c‡i lv‡Ui
†jLKiv Zv LvwiR K‡i †`b| lv‡Ui wbwg©Z GB M‡íi Rwg‡bi Dci ùvwo‡q mË‡ii †jLKiv
M‡íi dmj Av‡iv mRxe K‡i †Zv‡jb| Kzms¯‥vi I AÜag©vbyf~wZi cÖwZ AKviY AvbyMZ¨
247
mË‡ii †jLK‡ì †bB| GB `k‡Ki †jLKiv AwaK mvnmx I m‡PZb| mgvR I Rxe‡bi
welq mË‡ii M‡í eûjvs‡k cÖZ¨¶, mivmwi I j‡¶ï cÖwZ wbw¶ß| †cÖiYv I AwfÁZv
wn‡m‡e mË‡ii †jLKiv †c‡q‡Qb GB `k‡K msNwUZ NUbvewj| evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¥, ¯^vaxb
mve©‡f․g wbR †`‡ki Rb¨ giYcY hy× Ges gvby‡li g„Zz¨ †jLK‡ì AwfÁZvq G‡b w`‡qwQj
¸YMZ cwieZ©b| hy×, ¯^vaxbZvi hy×, gyw³i hy× gvbyl‡K Avg~j e`‡j †`q| ZLb Pviw`‡K
evi ‡ì MÜ, nZ¨vh‡Ái wbg©g ¶Z, bvixi m¤£gnvwbi nvnvKvi, Pvwiw`‡Ki nviv‡bvi †e`bv
ZLb ms¯‥…wZi Ici e¨vcK cÖfve †d‡j| Z‡e hy‡×i mk¯¿Zv RvwZ‡Mvôxi Ici `xN©‡gqvw`
cÖfve †d‡j| mgv‡Ri mKj w`‡KB †Rvic~e©K AR©‡bi GKUv ûj¯ ~j ïi  nq| ivR‣bwZK
GZ Aw¯ iZv RvwZ Avi KLbI †`‡Lwb| ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x gvby‡li Avkvf½, ivR‣bwZK
AivRKZv, weZwK©Z `ywf©¶, 75-Gi b„ksm ivR‣bwZK nZ¨vKvÊ, mvgwiK Afy¨Ìvb, mvgvwRK
†gi KiY cv‡ë †`q †jLK-•PZb¨| Ab¨w`‡K, Rbc` †Quvqv †c‡Z _v‡K mk¯¿Zvi| Ôe‱`y‡Ki
bjB ivR‣bwZK ¶gZvi DrmÕ, Ô†Zvgvi evwo Avgvi evwo, b·vjevwo b·vjevwoÕ, ÔPx‡bi
†Pqvig¨vb Avgv‡ì †Pqvig¨bÕ †¯øvMv‡bi QvcI ivRbxwZ‡K we¶zä Ki‡Z _v‡K| Gm‡ei
cÖfve c‡o‡Q mË‡ii M‡í| mË‡ii cÖvq me †jLKB gyw³hy× wb‡q Mí wj‡L‡Qb| hy×w`‡bi
AwfÁZvi Pvc †jLK‡ì w`‡q Mí wjwL‡q wb‡q‡Q| mË‡ii †jL‡Ki †KD †KD RbwcÖqZvi
†gv‡n †jLvi gva¨‡g Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Qb PUzj †cÖg, k~b¨Mf© Rxeb`k©b Avi duvcveywji dvbym|
Rbhy×iƒcx gyw³hy‡×i wfZi w`‡q Rbms¯‥…wZi †h weKvk N‡U, gvbyl A_©‣bwZK gyw³i Rb¨
Z…òvZ© n‡Z _v‡K, ZLbKvi A‡b‡Ki M‡í Zv †mBfv‡e dz‡U I‡Vwb| Z‡e GB avivi †jLv
e¨vcK cvVK m„wó‡Z mnvqZv K‡i‡Q| d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwnZ¨ cvVK‡ì Kv‡Q †cu․‡QI
†M‡Q `ª Z| mË‡ii †jL‡Ki g‡a¨ ûgvq~b Avn‡g`, gCbyj Avnmvb mv‡ei, nwic` `Ë, mykv‰‭
gRyg`vi, gÄy miKvi, gwbiv Kv‡qm, Avng` ekxi, AvZv miKvi, kvnwiqvi Kwei, ev‡iK
Avãyjøvn, myKv‰‭ P‡Ævcva¨vq, gy¯‭dv cvb′v, •mq` Kvgi j nvmvb, Bg`v`yj nK wgjb cÖg‡y Li
bvg D‡jøL Kiv hvq|
Avwki `k‡K huviv G‡jb, cÖ_‡gB Zuv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb n‡q coj bó‡mªv‡Zi wei ‡×
Zvi ‡Yï †`ªvn wb‡q ùvovevi| ZvQvov IB mgqUvq †`‡k •¯îvPvi †P‡c e‡m ivóª¶gZvq|
kvmK‡Mvôxi bvbviKg Drcxo‡b mvaviY gvbyl QvovI wkíx-mvwnwZ¨K‡ì ¯^vaxbZvi Kjg
A‡bKUvB wQj i ×| †MvUv kZK Ry‡oB gvby‡li cÖwZev`, cÖwZ‡iva GK Zxeª ¶zä Ae¯ vi m„wó
K‡i †i‡LwQj| Avi †jLK‡ì AwaKvskB cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e cÖwZ‡iv‡a mvwgj
n‡qwQ‡jb| GB iKg cÖwZeÜK Ae¯ v‡ZI Zuv‡ì †jLv‡Z cjvqbx g‡bve„wË †bB| Avwki
`k‡Ki †jLKiv GB bó †mªv‡Zi wei ‡× ùvov‡jb Zvi ‡Yï †`ªvn wb‡q, cÖavbZ wjUj
g¨vMvwRb‡K †K‱`ª K‡i! †`‡ki •`wbK cwÎKvq mvwnZ¨ mvgwqKx I mvßvwnK, cvw¶K, gvwmK
g¨vMvwRb¸‡jv hLb cvVK-g‡bviÄ‡b e¨¯‭, RbwcÖq avivi mvwnZ¨‡K hveZxq Avkªq-cÖkªq-
†cÖiYv †`qvi Rb¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wjß, ZLb A‡bKUv wbtk‡ãB wjUj g¨vMvwRb¸‡jv Avkªq
n‡q‡Q GBme we¶zä-Zi ‡Yi| huv‡ì †jLvq †QvUM‡íi wQgQvg ZbyLvwb Abycw¯ Z|
c~e©m~wi‡ì RbwcÖqZvi auvavq Aw¯ i n‡q †Kv‡bv MíKviB wb‡R‡K †mB avivq weKwkZ
K‡ibwb| m¤¢eZ GBme Kvi‡YB lv‡Ui ci Avwk‡Z G‡m wjUj g¨vMvwRb Av‡‱`vjb Avevi
gv_v Zz‡j ùvwo‡qwQj Ges hv GLb ch©‰‭ Ae¨vnZ| Avi IB mg‡qi †jLKivI wb‡Uvj Mí
†S‡o •Zwi K‡i‡Qb bvbv msK‡Ui KuvUvq ¶Z-we¶Z †QvUM‡íi LiL‡i kixi| wiqvwjR‡gi
g‡a¨ be¨-`vk©wbKZvi cÖfve, myiwiqvwjR‡gi Avg`vwb Avi Aw¯‭Z¡ev`x †PZbvi cix¶v-
248
wbix¶v| d‡j wbix¶v-cÖeYZv Avwki MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨B me‡P‡q †ewk cwijw¶Z nq| bZzb
wKQy m„wói †bkvq G mg‡qi Mí-wkíxiv wbix¶vi w`‡K Szu‡K c‡owQ‡jb| wK wel‡q, wK
Avw½‡K, wK fvlvq Zuviv AwP‡iB wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb ¯^Z‰¿ GKwU M‡íi fyeb‭c~‡e©i MíHwZn¨
†_‡K hv †ek LvwbKUv Avjv`v| UªvwWkbvj MíPP©vI †h nqwb Zv bq, eis hv n‡q‡Q Zvi
msL¨v ev wkíg~jÏ g‡bv‡hvM `vwe Kivi †hvM¨Zv iv‡L| wK‰‧ cÖavb mvwi‡Z wQ‡jb IB
wbix¶vcÖeY MíKviivB|
Avwki Mí nq †`ªvngyLi| †QvUKvMR wK eoKvMR, wK mvwnZ¨ cwÎKv ZLb †`ªvnB
wQj M‡íi cÖavb ¯î| IB mg‡qi wjUj g¨vMvwRb‡Kw‱`ªK mvwnZ¨PP©vi Lye GKUv KvQvKvwQ
wQ‡jb bv Ggb †jL‡Ki msL¨vI Kg bq| Ges Gu‡ì †KD †KD Avwki cÖavb †jLK‡ì
mvwi‡Z ¯ vb K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| †hgb knx`yj Rwni, gvgyb ûmvBb, BgwZqvi kvgxg, bvmixb
Rvnvb, Iqvwm Avn‡g`, gnxeyj AvwRR, Sb©v ingvb, ûgvq~b gvwjK, mÄxe †P․ayix, nvwg`
Kvqmvi cÖgLy | †QvUKvMR‡Kw‱`ªK D‡jøL‡hvM¨ MíKvi‡ì g‡a¨ †mwjg †gvi‡k`, mvgmyj
Kexi, KvRj kvn‡bIqvR, cvi‡fR †nv‡mb, •mq` wiqvRyi ikx`, Zv‡iK kvnwiqvi, kwn`yj
Avjg cÖgLy ‡K Avgiv GB Avwki `k‡KB †c‡qwQ| Avwki †jLKiv ùvwo‡qwQ‡jb †`ªvn Avi
cÖwZev` wb‡q| Zuv‡ì GB cÖwZev‡ì GKwU `xN©‡gqvw` cÖfve c‡o‡Q Avgv‡ì
mvwnZ¨RM‡Z| K_vµ‡g G-I e‡j ivL‡Z nq, ZLbKvi •¯îvPviwe‡ivax Av‡‱`vj‡bi †¶ÎwU
GZ SÅv-we¶zä wQj †h, wkí-ms¯‥…wZi mg¯‭ †¶‡Î AcivRbxwZ‡K †gvKv‡ejv KivUvB wQj
gyL¨|
Avwki `k‡Ki †jLKiv Zzgj y mwµq _vKvi mgqB be″B‡qi †jLKiv wjL‡Z ïi 
Ki‡jb| AMÖeZ©x IB Zxeª cÖZvc be″B‡qi bZzb wjwL‡q‡ì Rb¨ GKB m‡½ wQj ¯^w¯‭i I
A¯^w¯‭i| GK-GKwU `k‡K bZzb †jLK‡ì Avwef©ve me©`v cÖ_vfvOv †mªv‡Zi w`‡K AMÖmigvb
wQj| d‡j be″B‡qi †jLKivI Gw`K †_‡K e¨wZµg bq|
be″B‡qi †jLK‡ì GB ¯^Kxqfv‡e D¾¡j n‡q _vKvi A‡bK KviY wQj| cÖavb KviY
nj GB `k‡Ki †jLKiv K_vi †P‡q KvR †ewk K‡i‡Qb| GB mg‡q wjUjg¨vMvwR‡b †h PP©v
nq Zv‡ZI Avwki †mB aviv jw¶Z nq bv| Zvi †P‡q eis cix¶v-wbix¶vi cÖeYZv evo‡Z
_v‡K| ARmª wjUjg¨vMvwR‡bi wf‡o K_vmvwnZ¨‡Kw‱`ªK KvM‡Ri †`Lv wg‡j‡Q GKwU ev
`yBwU| bvbvwea m¼‡Ui Kvi‡Y be″B‡qi †jLKiv A‡bKUv †KvYVvmv n‡qB wbf©i Ki‡Z ïi 
K‡i •`wbK KvM‡Ri Ici| bvbvb cÖwZK‚jZv m‡Ë¡I be″B‡qi †jLKiv wj‡L †M‡Qb| mwµq
†_‡K‡Qb hv IB `kK AwZµv‰‭ nIqvi `xN©w`b ci GLb Zv m~‡h©i g‡ZvB Rv¾¡j¨gvb|
be″B‡qi A‡bK Mí bvbvw`K †_‡KB cÖPwjZ M‡íi mxgvbv Ggbf‡e †cwi‡q †M‡Q †h, cvVK
hw` cÖMwZkxj bv nq, Zvn‡j Gi imv¯^v`‡b e¨_© n‡Z cv‡ib|
GZ mewKQyi ciI be″B `kK g~jZ nZwen″jZviB `kK, mgvRZ‡‰¿i cZb N‡U‡Q,
mvgªvRëv‡ì GKK AvwacZ¨ we¯‭…Z n‡‪Q †Zv n‡‪QB| Dcwb‡ek Zvi bZzb Av`j wb‡‪Q,
Z‡_¨ AvaywbKZvi bv‡g bvbvb `vcy‡U ms¯‥…wZi RwUj _vev emv‡Z ïi  K‡i‡Q| e¨w³cyuwRi
m‡½ K‡c©v‡iU cyuwR G‡m gvby‡li mnRvZ cÖK…wZ‡KI nZPwKZ K‡i w`‡‪Q| GgbB Kv‡j
MíKviMY bvbvb m¼‡Ui wfZi Zv‡ì Mímvabv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| be″B‡qi Mí‡jLKiv
G‡KKRb G‡KK ¯^‡i K_v e‡j‡Qb; Zvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i ej‡Qb| d‡j cÖ‡Z¨K †jL‡Ki
•ewkó¨‡K Avjv`v K‡i †Pbv hvq, wP‡b wb‡Z nq| G‡ì MwZ, cÖK…wZ, fw½‡K Avjv`v K‡i
aiv hvq| G `k‡Ki †jLKiv AvÂwjK fvlvi Ici Szu‡K‡Qb Kg-†ewk mevB| Ges AvÂwjK
249
fvlv‡K mvejxjfv‡e eënviI K‡i‡Qb| be″B‡qi †jLK‡ì A‡bK †ewk cÖMwZkxjI ejv
†h‡Z cv‡i KviY Guiv cÖvq mKv‡jB ag©vÜZv †_‡K gvby‡li gyw³ †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| c~e©eZ©x
`k‡Ki avivevwnKZvq myiwiqvwjRg ev g¨vwR‡Ki eënviI K‡i‡Qb Kg| eis be″B‡qi
†jLK‡ì †jLvi ivRbxwZ, mvgvwRK I A_©‣bwZK welq¸‡jv G‡m‡Q G‡Kev‡i mgmvgwqK
NUbvewj †_‡K| d‡j Gu‡ì Mí n‡q D‡V‡Q ev¯‭eag©x hv Pj‪Qwei g‡ZvB `„k¨gvb; †Kv‡bv
†Kv‡bv †jL‡Ki †jLvq wg_ ev cyivY eënv‡ii †SuvK j¶Yxq| Kv‡iv †jLvq i‡q‡Q Af~Zc~e©
I e¨wZµgx M`¨fvlv| †QvUM‡íi †h GKgyLx cÖeYZv GKUv Zz½ Ae¯ vq wb‡q hvIqv Zv Avi
mKj †¶‡ÎB gvbv n‡‪Q bv| wewfb′ euvK cÖwZ c‡` c‡` Zv‡K e¨vnZ Ki‡Q| be″B‡qi
MíKvi‡ì M‡í Ny‡i-wd‡iB Avm‡Q mgvReë¯ vi Amg web¨vm, ivRbxwZwe`‡ì ¯^v_©ciZv,
RwUj-KzwUj gvbmwKZv, †eKviZ¡, Awk¶v, m‰¿vm, al©Y, d‡ZvqvevR‡ì i³v³ wRn″v, †L‡U-
LvIqv gvby‡li ¯^c′ wb‡q GbwRI‡ì eëmv, mgvR-ivRbxwZ, mvs¯‥…wZK ej‡q bZzb bZzb
a¨vb-aviYv, DÌvb-cZb A_©vr mvwe©K Ae¶q-nvnvKvi M‡íi DcRxe¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q| hveZxq
Ø‡‱Øi †bwZevPK cÖwZwµqv AvR M‡í `„ó n‡‪Q, K‡g hv‡‪Q †cÖggqZv I Djøvm| PUzj †cÖ‡gi
†Kv‡bv Av‡eMx Mí be″B‡qi †jLKiv wj‡Lbwb ej‡jB P‡j| be″B‡qi †jLKiv Zuv‡ì
†jLvq axi-w¯ i A‡bKUv cyi‡bv cyKz‡ii g‡Zv Mfxi Avi wbR©bI e‡U| Avm‡j GB mg‡qi
†jLKiv cwievi, e¨w³ Ges ïay Zuvi Pvicv‡ki mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ wb‡R‡ì †jLv‡K mxgve×
ivL‡Z PvB‡Qb bv| G‡¶‡Î mvgvwRK msK‡Ui m‡½ Av‰‭Rv© wZK msKU wgwkªZ n‡q be″B‡qi
mvwnZ¨ wfb′avivq cÖevwnZ nIqvi cÖqvm †c‡q‡Q|
Rxeb e`‡j hv‡‪Q, mgvR e`‡j hv‡‪Q, ivóª‡K Avkªq K‡i cÖwZôv‡bi †Pnviv †hb
A‡Pbv n‡q hv‡‪Q| cÖwZôvb‡K fi K‡i bvbvb Acms¯‥…wZi we¯‭vi j¶ Kiv hvq| K‡c©v‡iU
cyuwRi `vcU, GbwRIi cøvbgvwdK RxebhvÎv wba©vi‡Yi cÖwµqvq Mí Zvi †PbvRvbv †Pnviv
e`‡j w`‡‪Q| M‡íi †P‡q AvKl©‡Yi Kvq`v †e‡o hv‡‪Q| MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ ïay bq, kni e`‡j
hv‡‪Q, gvby‡li mnRvZ m„wókxjZv bvbvb Kvq`vq wb‡Ri †Pnviv †`Lv‡‪Q| GB †¶‡Î be″B-
Gi †Pnvivq cÖvY Avb‡Z †hb beZi †cÖiYvq ÔwdwRK¨vj †÷vwiÕi Avg`vwb cÖ‡qvRb| M‡íi
GB cÖZxKx †Pnviv mvs¯‥…wZK Ac‡K․kj‡K †gvKv‡ejv Kivi wn¤§Z ivL‡e!
be″B‡qi `k‡K Mí‡jL‡Ki msL¨v Kg bq| ZvB msKjbwU‡Z †jLK wbe©vPb Ki‡Z
wM‡q h‡_ó †eM †c‡Z n‡q‡Q| †hme †jL‡Ki GB mg‡q DÌvb Ges be″B‡qi mgy`q •ewkó¨
I MwZcÖK…wZi cwiPq cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q Dc¯ vcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ggb j¶¨ †_‡K gvÎ
Qvwe″kR‡bi Mí GB MÖ‡‰  †bqv n‡q‡Q| m¤úv`‡Ki GB mxgve×Zv‡K †jLK-cvVK
mywe‡ePbvi `„wó‡Z †`L‡eb e‡j cÖZ¨vkv Kwi|
mnR myweav we‡ePbv K‡i MÖ‰ wUi m~wPcÎ †jLK‡ì bv‡gi Av`¨v¶i Abyhvqx wba©viY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| MÖ‡‰ i †k‡l †jLK-cwiwPwZ mwb′‡ewkZ n‡q‡Q GKB ixwZ †g‡b|
GB msKj‡b Mí-A‰‭fyw© ³i AbygwZ †Ìqvi Rb¨ MíKvi‡ì Avwg abëv` RvbvB| †jLK-
wbe©vPb I M‡íi e¨vcv‡i civgk©`v‡bi Rb¨ `yB AMÖR K_vwkíx nvmvb AvwRRyj nK I †mwjbv
†nv‡m‡bi Kv‡Q Avgvi Amxg K…ZÁZv| Avwg K…ZÁZv RvbvB Avgvi wk¶K W. •mq` kv‡n`
I W. wek¦wRr †Nvl‡K huviv Avgv‡K me©`v Drmvn `vb K‡i‡Qb| evsjv GKv‡Wgxi cÖavb
MÖ‰ vMvwiK (fvicÖvß) †gveviK †nv‡mb I W. miKvi Avwgb‡K abëv` GB eÜzØq Avgvi
Kv‡R memgqB mn‡hvwMZvi nvZ evwo‡q w`‡q‡Qb| abëv` RvbvB DccwiPvjK W. †gvnv¤§`
nvi byi iwk`‡K, whwb GB MÖ‰  cÖKv‡ki cÖwµqv ïi  K‡iwQ‡jb| Mí¸‡jv msKj‡bi bvbvb
250
ch©v‡q mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb mg‡qi eÜz Kvgi ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi I cÖkv‰‭ g„av Zuv‡ì cÖwZ wbi‰‭
i ï‡f‪Qv iBj| MÖ‡‰ i cvÊywjwc K‡¤úv‡Ri KvR Av‰‭wiKfv‡e K‡i †Ìqvi Rb¨ MíKvi
AiY¨ cÖfv‡K abëv` RvbvB|
m¤úv`Kxq Z_¨m~‡Î ms‡hvwRZ MÖ‰ ‡jLK‡ì cÖwZI Avgvi K…ZÁZv| huv‡ì †jLv
bvbvfv‡e Avgv‡K GB m¤úv`bvi Kv‡R mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| we‡kl K‡i mg‡qi †jLK Avng`
†gv¯‭dv Kvgv‡ji Ôevsjv M‡íi DËivwaKviÕ bvgK ¸i Z¡c~Y© cÖeÜwUi D‡jøL bv Ki‡jB bq|
my‱ì cÖ‪Q` Gu‡K †Ìqvi Rb¨ wkíx gvgyb Kvqmvi‡K abëv` RvbvB|
MÖ‰ wU cÖKv‡ki †¶‡Î Av‰‭wiK D‡`¨vM MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ evsjv GKv‡Wgxi gnvcwiPvjK,
wewkó †dvK‡jviwe` kvgmy¾vgvb Lv‡bi cÖwZ Mfxi kª×v I K…ZÁZv RvbvB| me‡k‡l mËi
I Avwki `k‡Ki avivevwnKZvq be″B‡qi Mí msKjbwU cÖKv‡ki D‡`¨vM †bIqvq evsjv
GKv‡Wgxi M‡elYv msKjb I †dvK‡jvi wefv‡Mi mswkøó‡ì cÖwZ Avgvi Amxg K…ZÁZv|
Z_¨m~Î
1. evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : GKwU Av‰‭tRwic, wek¦wRr †Nvl, Kvwj I Kjg, XvKv, mßg el©,
Aóg msL¨v|
2. †QvUM‡íi Aš„fye© b, Z‡cvaxi fÆvPvh©, gnvwRZ cÖKvkb, KjKvZv, 2000|
3. evsjv‡`‡ki wbe©vwPZ †QvUMí (3q LÊ), Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq`, wek¦mvwnZ¨ †K‱`ª, XvKv|
4. evsjv Mí I MíKvi, m¤úv`bv : myej mvg‰‭ Ges gykv‡qiv, KjKvZv, Rvbyqvwi 1998|
5. evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí, cÖ_g LÊ, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv|
6. evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : welq-fvebv ¯îƒc I wkíg~j¨, AvRnvi Bmjvg, evsjv GKv‡Wgx,
XvKv, 1979|
7. evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí, Lv‡j`v nvbyg, G¨vWb© cvewj‡Kkb, XvKv, 1997
8. evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : mËi `kK, m¤úv`bv : mykv‰‧ gRyg`vi, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv|
9. evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : Avwki `kK, m¤úv`bv : bvmixb Rvnvb, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv|
10.†QvUMí Ô98, m¤úv`bv : Avey nvmvb kvnwiqvi, i¨vgb cvewjkvm©, XvKv, 1999
11. evsjv M‡íi DËivwaKvi, Avngv` †gv¯‭dv Kvgvj, mvßvwnK KvMR, XvKv
12.bq `k‡Ki MíKvi : GKwU cÖv_wgK mgx¶v, Kvgi ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi, Avengvb, XvKv
13.Avgv‡ì †QvUMí : HwnZ¨ cÖKiY `kK mv¤cÖwZKZv, Avey †nbv †gv¯‭dv Gbvg, wbmM©, el©
20 msL¨v 01
Drm : cvcwo ingvb m¤úvw`Z Ôevsjv‡`‡ki Mí : beŸB‡qi `kKÕ MÖ‡š’i f~wgKv| cÖKvkK :
evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj : 1g cÖKvk Ryb 2011|
[ †jLK: M`¨wkíx| †ckv: mvsevw`KZv| ]
251
be″B‡qi `k‡Ki Mí I MíKvi‡ì m‡½ K‡_vcK_b
g wb nv q `v i
Avwg Pvi Kjvi mvg‡b Qwei nv‡U eÜz‡ì m‡½ AvÇv w`w‪Qjvg| gv_vi †fZi KvR Ki‡Q
be″B `k‡Ki Mí, M‡íi Kvi KvR| nVvr †`wL, Mí QzU‡Q Zxi †e‡M| Avwg nvZ evovjvg|
n¨v‡jv Mí? †Kv_vq hv‡‪Qb?

Mí _g‡K ùvovq| cÖ_‡g AvKv‡k, c‡i Pviw`‡K ZvwK‡q wKQz GKUv †`‡L cybivq Avgvi
w`‡K ZvKvq MíÑ hvw‪Q| hv‡‪Qb †Zv †`L‡ZB cvw‪Q| wK‰‧ †Kv_vq hv‡‪Qb? Avgvi
†Kv‡bv wbw`©ó M‰‭e¨ †bB| Avwg A‰‭nxb| Avwg †Kej Pwj| Pj‡Z _vwK| Avgvi Pjv †_‡g
†M‡j MíKv‡iiv Amy¯  n‡q c‡o, k~b¨Zvq fv‡m, nvnvKv‡i nuv‡U, Av‡jvq AÜKvi †`‡L, K…lK
dmj eyb‡Z fz‡j hvq, gv m‰‭vb‡K Nyg cvov‡Z cv‡i bvÑejyb, GiciI wK Avwg ¶YKvj
wekÖvg wb‡Z cvwi?
M‡íi imvq‡b Avwg wew¯§ZÑAvcbvi GZ cÖ‡qvRb?
Avcwb wb‡RB †Zv GKRb MíKviÑeyS‡Z cv‡ib bv!
Avwg Avgvi g‡a¨ wd‡i Avwm| cv‡k `Êvqgvb Mí †Zv mwZ¨B e‡j‡Qb| Mí Qvov Avwg GK
gyn‚Z©I euvwP bv| Avgvi g‡Zv KZ MíKvi Av‡Qb| Zv‡ì Kv‡Q †h‡Z nq Mí‡K, m„R‡bi
e„wó‡Z m′vZ Ki‡Z nq MíKvi‡ì| myZivs Zv‡K †Zv QzU‡ZB nqÑG‱UvK©wUKv †_‡K mygvÎvq,
mygvÎv †_‡K evnvgvqÑA‡÷ªwjqv †_‡K KvbvWvqÑAv‡iv KZ `~‡i, `~‡i...GZ †QvUvQzwUi g‡aÏ
Mí mRxe, Zvi Y¨ Avi †h․e‡bi Av‡jv-nvIqvq c~Y©! †Kv_vq cvq Mí GZ cÖvYkw³?
M‡íi gy‡L nvwmi nvjKv †iLv, Avgvi fvebv cvV K‡i‡Q Mí| MíKv‡ii g‡bi cÖwZwµqv cvV
Ki‡Z bv-cvi‡j Avi Mí!
Avwg Avgvi cÖvYkw³ MíKvi‡ì Kv‡QB cvB| ej‡Z cv‡ib fvBmfvm©v| AvwgI †hgb
MíKvi‡ì Mí †_‡K cvB cÖPzi †cÖiYv, †Zgwb AvwgI MíKvi‡ì Kv‡Q †cÖiYvi Drm| evsjv
mvwn‡Zï cÖ_g AvaywbK MíKvi iex‱`ªbv_ VvKzi| Zuvi nvZ a‡i Ebwesk kZvãxi ïi  †_‡K
†QvUMí †b․Kv evB‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i| †mB evIqvi c_ a‡i cieZ©xKv‡j Mí wjL‡Z ïi 
K‡iwQ‡jb RM`xk ¸ß, b‡i‱`ªbv_ wgÎ, †cÖ‡g‱`ª wgÎ, m‡ivR e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq, gvwbK
e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq, •mq` IqvjxDjøvn&, Avey iyk`, ikx` Kwig, kIKZ Imgvb, mi`vi
R‡qbDwÏb, AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, †mwjbv †nv‡mbmn Av‡iv A‡b‡K|
GB `xN© hvÎvc‡_ Mí I MíKvi‡ì g‡bi gb‡bi ¯^‡c′i fvebvi AvKv‫¶‫‬vi AvaywbKZvi KZ
cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q, AvR wcQb wd‡i ZvKv‡j AevK jv‡M| wew¯§Z nB|
252
ejyb †Zv M‡íi g~jkw³ †K? cvVK bv †jLK?
Mí ZvK wabvwab nvm‡Z ïi  K‡i, nvm‡Z nvm‡Z Avo‡Pv‡L ZvKvq Avgvi w`‡K Ges Mí
cÖk′ K‡iÑAvcwb Ggb †Kv‡bv b`x †`‡L‡Qb, †h b`x‡Z cvwb †bB! b`x _vK‡j Zvi †hgb
cvwb _vK‡Z n‡e, Zxi _vK‡Z n‡e, †Zgwb MíKvi Mí wjL‡j †mB M‡íi cvVK _vK‡Z
n‡e| cvVK bv-_vK‡j Mí A_©nxb, AcÖ‡qvRbxq Dcv`v‡b cwiYZ n‡Z eva¨| GKB K_v
cÖ‡hvR¨ÑMíKvi‡ì RbÏ| cvVK Mí cvV Ki‡Z Pvq A_P MíKvi Mí wjL‡Qb bv, Zvn‡j?
`y‡UvB cwic~iK| Z‡e Avmj K_vÑMíKv‡ii `vq †ewk|
†Kb?
MíKvi wK‰‧ GKRb RwUj Ges †ckv`vi LywbI e‡U|
Kx ej‡jb! Avwg Pg‡K DwVÑMíKvi Lywb?
Lye wmwiqvm fw½‡Z Reve †`q MíÑAek¨B| ïay MíKvi LywbB bq, †jLK
gvÎB Lywb|
Avgvi gyL nuv| e‡j Kx Mí! †jLKgvÎB Lywb?
Aek¨B| †jLvÑA_©vr Lyb Kivi ¶gZv bv-_vK‡j †Kv‡bv †jLK †jLK n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i
bv| Avcwb hZ wkím¤úb′ Lywb n‡eb, ZZB Avcbvi nv‡Z †jLv Lyj‡e, AR©b Ki‡e wkwíZ
gvÎv| MíÑM‡íi PwiÎ MíKv‡ii nv‡Z mvc-jyWz †Lj‡e| PwiÎiv-gq~‡ii g‡Zv †cLg Ly‡j
bvP‡e| M‡íi AvL¨vb e„wóm′vZ †iv`Sjg‡j `ycy‡i Avcbvi K‡ivwU‡Z muvZvi KvU‡e| GBme
GKm‡½ mshy³ n‡jB MíKvi wjL‡Z cv‡ib GKwU mv_©K ev ¯§iYxq Mí|
†e‡o e‡j‡Qb †Zv! Avgvi K_vq UvUKv †iv‡ì g‡Zv nvm‡Z ïi  K‡i Mí| M‡íi Ggb
nvwm‡Z Avwg AevK| nvm‡Qb †Kb Mí?
Avcbvi g‡Zv †KD Avgv‡K Ggb K‡i e‡jwb, Gi Av‡M|
ej‡Qb, Avwg cÖwZev` KwiÑA‡bK MíKviB ej‡Qb| wK‰‧ Avcwb GZ e¨¯‭ _v‡Kb ïb‡Z
cvbwb| Avcwb nq‡Zv Rv‡bb bv ïay Avcbv‡K a¨vb Ki‡Z wM‡q KZ hyeK Ny‡i †eov‡‪Q
feNy‡ii g‡Zv me nvwi‡q Avcbvi †fZ‡ii kuvm, wkí imvqb LÊb Kivi `yiƒn Avkvq|
†e‡Nv‡i wemR©b w`‡‪Q †mvbvwj mgq I †h․eb| KZ MíKvi me wKQz wemR©b w`‡q eyu` n‡q
_v‡Kb M‡íi ïuwoLvbvq| wK‰‧ Avcbvi KjKâv RwUj Ges KwVbI| AR©b Ki‡Z Ki‡Z
Avcwb nvwi‡q hvb Mev¶c‡_|
Mí M¤¢xi n‡q †M‡jb| Rv‡bb, GBUvB Avgvi fq| Avcwb ej‡Qb Mí RwUj I
KwVb| †m †Zv e‡UB| Avcbv‡ì iex‱`ªbv_ VvKzi e‡j‡QbÑÔKwV‡b‡i fv‡jvevwmjvgÕ| †Kb
e‡j‡Qb wZwb? KwV‡b‡i fv‡jv‡e‡m wKQz bv cvIqvB wbLyuZ wbKwlZ †cÖg| Avi mn‡R †Kv‡bv
wmw× AR©b Kiv hvq? hwÌ hvq Kv‡ji K‡cv‡j wU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i?
h_v_© e‡j‡Qb| M‡íi e³e¨ Avgv‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB nq| wR‡Ám KwiÑejyb †Zv
Avcbv‡K †Kb msÁvq AvUKv‡bv hvq bv? GKevi Avgv‡ì gb¯^x MíKvi, Mí, Avcwb
Aek¨B Zv‡K wPb‡eb| wZwb AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm| GKevi e‡jwQ‡jb, evsjv †QvUMí
bvwK g‡i hv‡‪Q| Mí Avcwb wb‡RB ejyb †Zv Zuvi K_vUv Kxfv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Qb?
M¤¢xi Mí wmMv‡iU awi‡qwQ‡jb| Wvb nv‡Zi `yB AvOz‡ji gv‡S wmMv‡iU cyo‡Q| gy‡L
Zz‡j `xN© GKUv Uvb w`‡jb! Avivg K‡i †auvqv Qvo‡jb, ¶wYK fve‡jb, †PvL ivL‡jb Avgvi
253
†Pv‡L| Zvici ej‡jbÑAvwg Avcbvi GB `y‡Uv cÖ‡k′i Reve mivmwi †è bv| †è
Avcbv‡ì evsjv M‡íi Avi GK eicyÎ nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki †jLv †_‡K| Kvwj I Kjg
mßg el©, Aóg msL¨vÑAvwk¦b 1417 †QvUMí msL¨vq nvmvb AvwRRyj nK Ô†QvUMí Av‡Q †bBÕ
wk‡ivbv‡g GKwU PgrKvi Mífvl¨ iPbv K‡i‡Qb| †mB Mífvl¨ †_‡K cvV wbb, Avcbvi
wRÁvmvi Reve Avcwb †c‡q hv‡ebÑ
ÔÔgvbe-Aw¯‭‡Z¡i m‡½ hv wKQz †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bvfv‡e hy³ Zvi cÖwZ AvMÖn Avi
cÖZ¨vkvi †Kv‡bv mxgvbv Avgvi Kv‡Q †bB| G R‡b¨B fvMvfvwMi welqUv Avgvi Kv‡Q Aev‰‭i
e‡j g‡b nq| G-K_v wVK Avwg `xN© cÂvk eQ‡i c„w_exi cy‡iv †QvUM‡íi w`M‰‭Uv Ny‡i
Avm‡Z cvwiwb| `ywU gvÎ fvlv Avgvi m¤^j; bv Rvwb divwm, Rvg©vb, ¯ú¨vwbk,
BZvwjqvbÑGgbwK Dcgnv‡`‡ki wnw‱`-D`y©UvI Rvwb bv| Bs‡iwR fvlvi cÖwZ Avwg Aewanxb
K…ZÁZv cÖKvk Kwi| GB fvlvi ewYwK-†Pnvivi evB‡i, mviv c~e-© cwðg c„w_exi mvwnZ¨,
wkí, wP‰‭v, `k©‡bi cÖvq me m¤ú` wb‡Ri fvÊv‡i gRy` K‡i †i‡L‡Q Bs‡iwR fvlv| †m Rb¨B
g‡b nq bv †MvUv w`M‰‭ cwiµgv Avgvi cy‡ivcywi Am¤ú~Y© i‡q †M‡Q| †m Rb¨B GLb Avi
Avwg wbwðZ P‚ov‰‭ K‡i ej‡Z cvwi bv mvwn‡Zï wPiKv‡ji wefvRb¸‡jv‡K RjwefvwRKvi
g‡Zv AUzU, wbwñ`ª K‡i ivLv hvq wKbv, ivLv wVK wKbv? G‡jv‡g‡jv wew‪Qb′ nvRvi nvRvi
cvV-AwfÁZvi eÜ ìRv Ly‡j †`LwQ : †nwgsI‡qi †QvUMí hw` ÔIìg¨vb A¨vU w` weª‡RÕ
†`wL (GKmgq Avwg wb‡RB Abyev` K‡iwQjvg Ôweª‡Ri av‡i e„×Õ bv‡g) hy‡×i ZvÊ‡e
†jvKvjq k~b¨ K‡i mevB cvjv‡‪Q, e„×wUI; Zvi †KD †bB, wcQzUvb wKQz †bB, Zvi KzKzi-
†eovj †h hvi g‡Zv AvkÖq Lyu‡R †b‡e, wP‰‭vi wKQz †bB, wK‰‧ cvwL¸‡jv †h i‡q †Mj Zv‡ì
†K †L‡Z †`‡e? nvq nvq, Zv‡ì Kx n‡e? †QvÆ GK UzK‡iv Qwe Avi eY©bv| GB mv‡_B wbK
GWv‡gi †QvU †QvU bKkvi K_v g‡b co‡Q| wb‡Ki Wv³vi evev †fuvZv GKUv Qzwi w`‡q Mwie
BwÛqvb eDwU‡K Lvjvm Kiv‡‪Q †cU †K‡U| A¨v‡b‡¯ wkqv eënv‡ii evjvB †bB| †e‡ivj
GKUv Zvgv‡U i‡Oi ev‪Pv| Mjv-dvwU‡q wPrKvi K‡i †m c„w_ex‡Z Zvi Dcw¯ wZi Rvbvb
w`‡‪Q| ¯^vgxUv ï‡q wQj eDwUi weQvbvi wVK Ic‡ii ev¼v‡i| Zv‡K ev‪Pv †`Lv‡Z wM‡q
Wv³vi †`L‡jb, cÖm~wZi Avw`g AvZ©bv` mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i †m †jvKUv GKUv †eøW w`‡q
Zvi wb‡Ri Mjv G-Kvb †_‡K I-Kvb ch©‰‭ †K‡U †d‡j †kl kvw‰‭i eë¯ v K‡i †d‡j‡Q|
KZUzKz †jLv? Kx e‡j GBUzKz †jLv? Ôw` †m′vR Ae wKwjgvbRv‡ivÕ Aek¨ eo Mí| Zv‡Z
`kUv Dcb¨v‡mi e¨vwß| †jLK n¨vwii cv‡q M¨vswMÖb Qwo‡q †M‡Q, g„Zz¨ GwM‡q Avm‡Q GKUz
GKUz K‡i| Rxe‡bi cÖwZ Zvi N„Yv Avi †kø‡li Aewa †bB| Av‪Qb′ †PZbvi Ici †Kv‡bv
wbq‰¿Y †bB| †mB Zij †PZbvi g‡a¨ w`‡q †m cÖ_g wek¦h‡y ×i cy‡iv qy‡ivcUv Ny‡i Gj|
KL‡bv BZvwj, KL‡bv †¯úb, KL‡bv c¨vwim| GBme K_v †m †jLvi Rb¨ Rwg‡q †i‡LwQj|
†jLv Avi †Kv‡bvKv‡jB n‡e bv| hy‡×i c‡i wek-wZwi‡ki `k‡Ki wea″¯‭ qy‡iv‡ci cUf‚wg‡Z
†jLv| †nwgsI‡qi GBme †jLvi cuPvËi fv‡MiB cUf‚wg qy‡ivc| Av‡gwiKvi Bwjb‡qi GB
†jL‡Ki Av‡gwiKvb cUf‚wg‡Z †jLv MíÑDcb¨vm cÖvq nv‡Z †Mvbv hvq| w` mvb Aj‡mv
ivB‡Rm : d«vÝ-†¯úb; di ûg `¨ †ej †Uvjm : †¯úb; G †dqviI‡qj Uz Avg©m : BZvwj-
myBRvij¨vÛ; w` Iìg¨vb A¨vÛ w` wm : wKDev| mviv Rxeb GB †jvKUv Mí bv Dcb¨vm
†jLvi Rb¨ wP‰‭vq-wP‰‭vq †Rievi n‡qwQ‡jb e‡j g‡b nq? A_P Kx gnvcwiµgv! hy×-K¬v‰‭,
Pzigvi, fvOv, bó, cPv, amv qy‡iv‡ci gvbe-ev¯‭eZvi cy‡iv e„Ë wZwb Ny‡i Av‡mb| †K Zuv‡K
Ki‡Z e‡j? †KD e‡j bv| Zuvi †fZ‡ii †jLKwU Zuv‡K e‡j| †jL‡Ki Kv‡Q GB c„w_exi
254
ev¯‭eZvi evB‡i Avi wKQzB †bB| †Kej Lyu‡R Pjv| †Kej e‡j hvIqv| eqvb ey‡b hvIqv|
ïi  †bB, †klI †bB| gvSLvb †_‡K ejv gvSLv‡bB †kl Kiv| A_P GKmgq KZ Amn¨
n‡q I‡V Zuvi †eu‡P _vKvUv| RMr-†Rvov L¨vwZ, A_©, weË, bvixÑme †d‡j GKw`b wb‡Ri
gv_vq wb‡R ¸‡jv Pvwj‡q †jvKUv g‡i hvb| Ôw` †m′vR Ae wKwjgvbRv‡ivÕ MíUv †QvUMí, bv
eoMí, †K Rv‡b? Ôw` Iìg¨vb A¨vÛ w` wmÕ Dcb¨vm wK? `k©‡bi eB bq †Zv? Av‡iKUv
evB‡ej bq †Zv? mv‡Î©i wewqs A¨vÛ bvw_s‡b‡mi Av‡iKUv †Pnviv bq †Zv! GLb †h GB †jLv
Avgvi Qvo‡Z B‡‪Q Ki‡Q bv| dKbv‡ii Ôw` weqviÕ MíUvi cÖm½ GKevi Zz‡jwQjvg| ÔjvqbÕ
(M‡íi KzKziUvi bvg) bv‡g †QvU GKUv Lmov †ewi‡q †Mj 1938-Gi w`‡K| wKQzw`b c‡iB
†mUv ÔweqviÕ bv‡g †ek eomo GKUv Mí nj (GUvB †ewki fvM Qvcv nq AvRKvj), Dcb¨vm
ej‡jB-ev AvUKv‡‪Q †K? wK‰‧ m‰‧ó nIqv †Mj bv Zv‡ZI| †Mv WvDb †gv‡Rm A¨vÛ Av`vi
†÷vwi‡R Ôw` weqviÕ Avevi †e‡iv‡jv eo GKUv Dcb¨v‡mi AvKv‡i| †jLK †Kgb K‡i wK‡m
m‰‧ó n‡e †KD Rv‡b? †QvUÑ†QvU Mí Zj¯‭q A‡bK wj‡L‡Qb Fwl n‡q hvevi ci| wK‰‧ hLb
i³-gvs‡mi cÖe„wËi Uv‡b Pj‡Zb, ZLbKvi cÖvq me MíB eo eo| Ôw` †W_ Ae Bfvb BwjPÕ,
Ôdv`vi †m‡M©BÕ, ÔµqURvi mbvUvÕ AvKv‡i †QvUM‡íi PjwZ wbqg-cÖ_v GKUzI gv‡b bv|
GBevi iex‱`ªbv_| ÔbóbxoÕ, Ônvj`vi‡MvôxÕ, Ôgv÷vigkvBÕ, Ô`yB †evbÕ, ÔPZzi½Õ BZ¨vw`
†QvUMí, eoMí, Dcb¨vm, †QvU Dcb¨vm, AvL¨vwqKv? A‰‭Z iex‱`ªbv_ GB wb‡q we‡kl wPw‰‭Z
wQ‡jb e‡j g‡b nq bv| Ô†kl nBqvI nBj bv †klÕÑGB K_vUvi †Kv‡bv evjvB †bB †Kv_vI|
Av‪Qv, Rxe‡bi †Kvb KvwnbxUv †kl nq? iƒcK_v‡ZI †Zv nq bv| gvwbK e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq,
wef‚wZf‚lY e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq, Zvivk¼i e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi cÖvq me MíB c‡owQ, †f‡ewQI A‡bK|
cÖwZwU Mí Avjv`v-Avjv`v ùvwo‡q _v‡K ev c‡o hvq| †QvUM‡íi hZ msÁv Zvi `dvidv
K‡i w`‡q| ÔwèvivwÎi Kve¨Õ Kx iKg Dcb¨vm? wKQzB ejvi †bB| evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ G‡Kev‡i
Avjv`v n‡q ùvwo‡q _v‡K|
K_v Avi evwo‡q jvf †bB| †h-K_vUv ej‡Z PvB Zv †evanq GKUz AwZ‡iK K‡iB
ejv n‡q †M‡Q| ZviciI KZ K_v evwK| GKRb Avw`¸i  GWMvi A¨vjvb †cv †hgb Av‡Qb,
†Zgwb Av‡Qb †PLf, gcvmuv, IÕ†nbwi, †gvivwfqv, gg& BZ¨vw` BZ¨vw`| Avi Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q
G‡Kev‡iB bZzb Aa¨vqÑjvwZb Av‡gwiKv, Avwd«Kv, `w¶Y Avwd«Kv, GgbwK BwÛqv|
gnvwe¯§‡q bZzb K‡i gnv‡`k Avwe®‥vi Kwi| ûqvb i j‡dv, Av‡j‡nv Kv‡c©w‰‭qvi, dzq‡‰‭m,
†ev‡n©m, B‡qvmv Avi w¯ i `xc¨gvb b¶Î gv‡K©m| GLb †kl K_v¸‡jv GB iKg K‡i ewj :
whwb †jLK n‡q‡Qb, wKsev nbwb ev n‡eb ev †jLK nevi msKí K‡i‡Qb, wKsev †jLK n‡q
wM‡q‡Qb Zuv‡K wK mwZ¨ mwZ¨B †kl ch©‰‭ †Kv‡bv GKUv fvMvfvwMi g‡a¨ †h‡Z nq bv? Aek¨
msKí Ki‡jI KvR nq bv| gb¯  Ki‡jB wK †KD Kwe n‡Z cv‡ib? mgq hvq| GKmgq
wVK RvqMvUv evQv n‡q hvq| Nl‡j KvR nq wVK K_v, Z‡e Kqjv Nl‡jB †Zv nx‡i nq bv|
wKQz fvMvfvwM Av‡Q, g‡b nq †ek KvQvKvwQ, cvkvcvwk ¯^‪Q‡‱` Pj‡Z cv‡i| m„Rbkxj M‡`¨
Xz‡K †M‡Q †h Zuvi c‡¶ Dcb¨vm-†QvUM‡í hvZvqvZ m¤¢e| Avevi GBme K_v wb‡q LvwbKUv
G‡Mv‡jB †`Lv hvq fvMvfvwM GKiKg bq| †f`-A‡fÌ GKm‡½ Pj‡Z cv‡i| GK wn‡m‡e
†f‡ì †kl †bB| †QvUMí e‡j wbw`©ó GKUv fv‡M †cu․Qv‡bvi c‡iB wK‰‧ †f‡ì Mí †kl n‡q
hvq bv| Avwg wb‡RI †f‡ì cvjøvi g‡a¨B AvwQ| †QvUM‡íi fvMUv hw` †g‡bB wbB-B Zvn‡j
ej‡Z n‡e : †PLf-iex‱`ªbv_ GKUv fv‡M Av‡Qb, Zz‡M©‡bfI Av‡Qb KvQvKvwQ| gcvmuv,
255
IÕ†nbwi Ab¨w`‡K Av‡Qb| Iu‡ì g‡Zv Av‡Qb †evanq nvRvi-nvRvi| †PLfÑiex‱`ªbv‡_i
`‡ji †jLK Kg| `¯‭qfw¯‥ÑZj¯‭q G‡Kev‡i wb‡R‡ì g‡Zvb| jvwZb Av‡gwiKvi mvwnZ¨
LyeB Avjv`v| Ges Gu‡ì g‡aÏ gv‡K©m Avjv`v| e¨vcviUv GBiKgB e‡U| fvM Ki‡Z
wM‡qI A‰‭ cvIqv hvq bv| Avevi A‡f‡ì AwbðqZv, A¯úóZv‡K †g‡bI Zv‡K ev` †Ìqv
m¤¢e bq| •ØZÑA‣ØZ Qvov wKQz †bB|
wb‡R‡K wb‡R cÖk′ Kwi : evsjv †QvUMí (g‡b ivLyb, mvaviYfv‡e †QvUM‡íi K_v
†Q‡o w`‡qwQ, GLb ZzjwQ evsjv †QvUMí wb‡q K_v) wK g‡i hv‡‪Q? GB cÖ‡k′i Reve †Kvb
MYrKvi w`‡Z cvi‡e? Gi Reve cvevi A‡c¶vq evsjv‡`‡ki †Kv‡bv †jLK wK †jLv †Q‡o
w`‡q e‡m _vK‡eb? ReveUv Zvn‡j GBfv‡eB w`B : †QvUMí Av‡Q, †bB|ÕÕ
Mí Avcbv‡K Awfev`b RvbvB|
†Kb? M‡íi M¤¢xi gy‡L nvwmi †iLv|
Avcbvi `„wó KZ cÖLi! Avgvi wRÁvmvi Reve nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki †jLvi ga¨ w`‡q
Avgv‡K awi‡q w`‡jb| Rvwb‡q w`‡jb| eywS‡q w`‡jb|
GUvB †Zv Avgvi KvR| GUzKz hw` bv Kwi MíKvi Avi cvVK‡ì gb‡b Avwg euvPe Kx K‡i!
wVK ej‡Qb| Mí, Avgiv A‡bK¶Y K_v ejwQ| Avgvi Mjv ïwK‡q DV‡Q| Pjyb bv `yR‡b
`yKvc Pv cvb Kwi| j¶ K‡i‡Qb wbðqB Mí Avi MíKv‡ii m‡½ Pv‡qi wK‰‧ `vi Y m¤úK©|
cÖ¯‭veUv g‱` bq, Pjyb| †h‡Z †h‡Z Mí ej‡Q Avgv‡KÑPv‡qi m‡½ Mí Avi
MíKv‡ii m¤ú©KUvI †ek Mfxi| Pv‡qi Kv‡c So Zzj‡Z Zzj‡Z KZ Mí, M‡íi PwiÎ,
AvL¨vb, Av‡jvPbv, mgv‡jvPbv •Zwi nqÑ†m GK Gjvwn KvÊ!
Avgiv `yÕRb gvby‡li †Kvjvnj Gwo‡q †cÖwgK-†cÖwgKv‡ì wkrKvia″wbi Avov‡j
kvnev‡Mi †gv‡o, RvZxq Rv`yN‡ii mvg‡b emjvg| Pv-Ajv‡K `yÕ Kvc w`‡Z e‡j M‡íi mykÖx
gy‡Li w`‡K ZvKvB| †`wL, Mí ZvwK‡q Av‡Q wbwb©‡gl Avgvi gy‡Li w`‡K| Kx †`L‡Qb
Avcwb? Mí GKUz j¾v †c‡jb, `„wó Ab¨w`‡K wdwi‡q ej‡jb, Avwg KLbI Kv‡iv Kv‡Q
Ggbfv‡e AvU‡K cwowb| Avwg cÖwZ gyn‚‡Z© Ny‡i †eovB| MíKv‡ii †PZbvi `yqvi, k‡ãi
web¨vm, ev‡Kï msnZ iƒc, M‡íi AvL¨vb meB Avgv‡K †hvMvb w`‡Z nq| GB gyn‚‡Z©
hy×cxwoZ Biv‡Ki emiv bMixi hy‡× `yB cv nviv‡bv GK MíKvi PwiÎ‡K a¨v‡b Avb‡Z
cvi‡Qb bv, Zvi Kv‡Q hvIqv ìKvi| Kvk¥x‡ii GK bvix-MíKviÑ¯^vaxbZvi Rb¨ Zuvi m‰‭vb
knx` n‡q‡Q, †mB bvix knx` m‰‭v‡bi Qwe mvg‡b wb‡q GKwU M‡íi AvL¨vb LyuR‡Qb,
wdwjw¯‭‡bi GK bvMwiK Zvi emZevwo nvwi‡q‡QbÑBmivBwj eyj‡WvRv‡ii wb‡P, †mB
Amnvq gvbylwU Zvi ¯¿x, `ywU Amnvq Kb¨v wb‡q gi f‚wgi i ¶ cÖv‰‭‡i GKwU †LRyiMv‡Qi wb‡P
e‡m Av‡QbÑgvbylwU †mLv‡bB e‡m me nviv‡bvi myL-`ytL wb‡q GKwU Mí wjL‡Z PvB‡Qb,
evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶Y AÂ‡j wmW‡i me©¯^ nviv‡bv GK bvix KPv b`xi cv‡o †ewoeuv‡a e‡m
Avjy_vjy kix‡i wmW‡i nvwi‡q hvIqv ¯^vgx-m‰‭vb‡ì wd‡i Avmvi Avkvq wejvc Ki‡Q, †mB
wejvc †`‡L GK wK‡kvi Mí AuvKevi mvabvq iZ, `xN© mvZ eQi †cÖg Kivi ci †g‡qwU‡K
GKjv †i‡L †Q‡jwU P‡j †M‡Q, †g‡qwU †Uwe‡j e‡m‡Q KvMR-Kjg wb‡q m`¨ P‡j-hvIqv
†cÖwg‡Ki eyf¶ z PwiÎ wb‡q GKwU M‡íi duv` cvZ‡eÑmevi Kv‡Q Avgv‡K †h‡Z n‡e| A_P
Avcbvi Kv‡Q e‡m AvÇv w`w‪Q| †Kb Avgv‡K AvU‡K †i‡L‡Qb ejyb †Zv...|
`ytwLZ Rbve Mí, Avwg Aek¨B `ytwLZ| Avcwb Rv‡bb Avwg wb‡RI Mí wjwL|
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M‡íi wkwíZ RM‡Z evm Kwi| Mí Avgvi a¨vb| Mí Avgvi cÖvY| ej‡Z cv‡ib Mí Avgvi
cÖLg †cÖwgKv| hv‡K webv euv‡P bv cÖvY, Zvi Av‡`¨vcv‰‭ RvbvUvI Ri wi| †m Kvi‡Y Avgvi
ìKvi M‡íi BwZnvm| Mí Kxfv‡e RMrmsmvi iPbv Kij? Mí KLb Kxfv‡e gvby‡li
KiZjMZ nj, †Kgb K‡i gvby‡li myL-`yt‡Li Asxk`vi njÑMí KLb Kxfv‡e Qwo‡q coj
wek¦ †_‡K...wek¦v‰‭‡i...| Pv-Ajv Avgv‡ì `yÕR‡bi nv‡Z `yÕKvc Pv evwo‡q †`q| Avwg Pv‡qi
Kv‡c PzgK y w`B| MíI PzgK y †`b| Z‡e ax‡i ax‡i| GKUv wKQz fve‡Qb| Pv‡q PzgyK †k‡l
ZvKv‡jb Mí, ej‡jbÑmf¨Zvi BwZnvm gv‡b M‡íi D ¢veb| A_©vr Avw`gKv‡j hLb cÖ_g
gvbyl †PvL †g‡j AevK n‡q c„w_ex †`Lj, †mB †PvL †gjvUvB Mí| Zvici †_‡K wbi‰‭i Mí,
Mí Avi Mí| †mB †_‡K kZmnmª eQi a‡i Mí †jLv Pj‡Q| †mB Mífze‡bi me©‡kl Mí
Avcwb m¤úv`bv Ki‡Qb| wekvj Mífze‡bi mgy`ª †_‡K gvÎ GKwU `k‡Ki Mí wbe©vPb Kiv,
mgq‡K cwigvc Kiv, M‡íi PvjwPÎ Abyaveb Kiv cÖvq Am¤¢e| ZeyI Avcwb KvRUv Ki‡Qb,
Avcbvi mvnm‡K Awfev`b RvbvB| GLb Avcwb Mí¸‡jv cvV Ki‡Z _vKzb, †`L‡eb M‡íi
wewPÎ iO, iƒc, im I AvL¨vb| Avi †`L‡eb MíKvi‡ì we‡køl‡Yi Acvi ¶gZvi
mve©‡f․gZ¡| †`L‡eb MíKvi‡ì wP‰‭v I ¶gZvi we¯§qKi we¯‭vi| GB duv‡K Avwg BivK,
wdwjw¯‭b, Kvk¥xi Avi evsjv‡`k Ny‡i Avwm, †Kgb? Mí Pv cvb †k‡l Lvwj KvcUv †i‡L GKUv
wmMv‡i‡U AwM′ms‡hvM K‡i †auvqv Qvo‡Z Qvo‡Z wb‡g‡l DavI n‡q †M‡jb| Avwg Mí wb‡q
e‡m †Mjvg| gvneye jx‡jb be″B `k‡Ki D¾¡j MíKvi| Zuvi M‡íi RvqMv Ry‡o bvMwiK
Rxe‡bi BU cv_i weQv‡bv _v‡K †ewk| ÔAvbvwo KvnbÕ M‡í bvMwiK Rxe‡bi GKUv we‡q‡K
wN‡i NUbvi m~ÎcvZ NU‡jI M‡íi †k‡l GKRb Pvwli gy‡L hLb ïwbÑÔPj| GB Pv‡Ý Zv‡ì
wM‡q †`‡L Avwm cÖavbg‰¿x Zvi evwoi †fZ‡i KZUzKz gvwU Ace¨q K‡ib|Õ ZLb Avi
bvMwiK Mí _v‡K bv ÔAvbvwo KvnbÕÑMíwU evsjv‡`‡ki †Zv e‡UB c„w_exi Zvgvg K…l‡Ki
`L‡j P‡j hvq|
be″B‡qi gb¯^x MíKvi mgxi Avn‡g`| gbb we‡køl‡Yi GKRb `¶ KvwiMi wZwb| ÔRvgvj
Lv‡bi AvZ¥mgx¶vÕ MíwU IB K_viB cÖwZa″wb Ki‡Q| Rvgvj Lvb Kwe| Zvi K‡qKUv eB
†ewi‡q‡Q| wKQzUv bvgWvKI n‡q‡Q| wK‰‧ wb‡R‡K hZUv eo Kwe fv‡ebÑeÜz-mgv‡jvPKiv
†mB g~j¨ †`b bv| AvZ¥cxo‡b wb‡R‡K †cvovb wZwb| GKwU g¨vMvwR‡b Zuv‡K wb‡q †jLv‡K
wZwb mn¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb bv| Avevi A¯^xKviI Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv|
...wZwb Rv‡bbÑwÎ‡ki Kweiv iex‱`ªwe‡ivax, †Nvi cvðvZ¨c‰ x| wK‰‧ ZviciI Zuviv
iex‱`ªe„Ë †f‡O †ewi‡q G‡m‡Qb| evsjv Kv‡e¨ bZzb †PZbv I Abyf~wZ mÂvi K‡i‡Qb| wK‰‧
Avgvi welqUv, Rvgvb Lvb fv‡ebÑ†mLv‡b bqÑwb‡Ri DÌvb †_‡K cZb| GB cZb wK
Av‡`․ n‡q‡Q, bvwK †Q‡jwU evwo‡q e‡j‡Q? †Uwe‡ji GKcv‡k c‡o _vKv wjUjg¨vMwUi w`‡K
wZwb Avev‡iv ZvKv‡jb| cwÎKvwU wZwb A‡bKevi Auv¯‭vKz‡o wb‡¶c Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wK‰‧
cv‡ibwb| eis cwÎKvi cvZv Ly‡j †jLvwU evievi c‡o‡QbÑG †hb KuvUv w`‡q LyuwP‡q LyuwP‡q
cv‡q †euav KuvUv kbv³ Kivi Aweivg cÖ‡Póv Ges cÖwZwU †LuvPvq h‰¿Yv‡K Av‡iv Zxeªfv‡e
RvwM‡q w`‡q Zv m‡q hvIqvi `ytmn AwfÁZv| Zey kvw‰‭ÑKuvUv w`‡q, †kl ch©‰‭ †mB KuvUv‡K
Zz‡j †djv hvq| wK‰‧ Rvgvb Lv‡bi wK Zv nq? G †hb ïK‡bv k³Kv‡Vi †fZi eûw`b ci
Xy‡K-cov GK `y`©v‰‭ NyY‡cvKv, ivZw`b ïay KUi KUi KU KU...weivg Aweivg k‡ã †ei K‡i
Av‡b A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zv| ZvB †Zv GZw`b †h †Pv‡L `vw¤¢KZvi Av¸b R¡‡j DVZ, †mB †PvL
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GLb A‡bKUvB †Kvgj, Mfxi; hwÌ A‰‭nxb we¯§q Zuv‡K gv‡S gv‡SB nvmvqÑKx mvsNvwZK
mvnm †QvKovi...!
hvZbvi huvZvK‡j †jL‡Ki AvZ¥cxobB MíUvi KswµU|
ÔIfvi‡KvUÕ be″B `k‡Ki MíMÖ‡‰  gvneye †gv‡k©‡ì Mí| gvneye †gv‡k©` Zvi M‡íi
RvqMvRwg‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwPÎ Auv‡Kb mvejxj kw³‡Z, cÖej kÖgkxjZvi m‡½| gvby‡li
AvaywbK Rxe‡bi cvkvcvwk HwZn¨ I ¯§„wZi Wvjcvjvq iPbv K‡ib Abe`¨ Rxe‡bi AvL¨vb|
e„× `v`vi GKwU ÔIfvi‡KvUÕ M‡íi †fZi w`‡q gvneye †gv‡k©` Rxeb‡ev‡ai Mfxi GK
myjyKmÜvb K‡i‡Qb| ...`v`v givi ci evwoUv duvKv jv‡M| Pviv KuvVvjMvQUvi w`‡K ZvKv‡j
`v`vi K_v g‡b nq| Kvgiv½v MvQUvi w`‡K ZvKv‡j `v`vi K_v g‡b nq| eo LvbKvi w`‡K
ZvKv‡j `v`vi K_v g‡b nq| Kuv`‡Z Kuv`‡Z Avgiv `yB fvB eywS AÜ n‡q hve| GZ Kuvw`
e‡j †jv‡K Avgv‡ì Kei¯ v‡bi w`‡K †h‡Z †`q bv| Avgiv Pzwc Pzwc GK mKv‡j N‡i hvB|
†`wL `v`vi MÜ| weQvbvq-evwj‡k ZvgvK, cvb, mycvwi, Jla, †cvkvK-AvkvK me wgwj‡q
`v`vi MÜ| `v`vi KvMR-c‡Î `v`vi MÜ| `v`vi weQvbvUvq †KD †kvq bv| VvÊv weQvbv|
†mB weQvbvq Avgiv †Mvc‡b ï‡q _vwK| Avgv‡ì Av‡iv VvÊv jv‡M| weï e‡j IB †h, e‡j
Avjbvi w`‡K Av½yj Zz‡j †`Lvq| †`wL j¤^v Kv‡jv Ifvi‡KvUUv Avjbvq Sz‡j cÖvq gvwU QzuB
QzuB Ki‡Q| KvD‡K Avi wKQz ej‡Z nq bv| †`․‡o wM‡q `yBR‡b †mB †Svjv‡bv Ifvi‡Kv‡U
Xz‡K cwo| †fZiUv `v`vi M‡Ü f‡i Av‡Q| Ifvi‡KvUUv‡K Av¯‭ `v`v g‡b nq| ILv‡b
Ifvi‡KvU Rwo‡q ùvwo‡q _vK‡Z _vK‡ZB Avgv‡ì Ig jvM‡Z ïi  K‡i| `v`v `v`v e‡j
Avgiv WzK‡i †Ku‡` DwV...| wkKomÜvb gvby‡li AvRb¥ AwaKvi| GKwU Ifvi‡Kv‡Ui ga¨
w`‡q †mB AwaKvi cybtcÖwZôv K‡i‡Q M‡íi `yB bvwZ|
XvKv kniB Avgvi Kv‡Q eo GKUv gd¯^j kni g‡b nq, Z‡e gvwUi eyK wP‡o BUcv_‡ii
ùvov‡bv cÖvmv‡ì eybb-KLbI KLbI weåv‰‭ weå‡gi m„wó K‡i| GB weåv‰‭ weåg I Kzn‡Ki
evB‡i †_‡K cÖK…Z MíiPbvq hviv gM′, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ AvKgj †nv‡mb wbcy, we‡kl K‡i be″B
`k‡Ki we‡ePbvq Ab¨Zg MíKvi| ÔKei¯ v‡bi evZvmÕ Zuvi Mí| bvgUvi g‡a¨B M‡íi
mvgwMÖK mËv cÖKvkgvb| Lwjjyjøvn M‡íi cÖavb PwiÎ| †m bv †L‡q _vK‡Z _vK‡Z Kvwnj
n‡q evRv‡i hvq Ges †mLv‡b ¶zr-wccvmvq Ávb nvwi‡q gvwU‡Z jywU‡q c‡o| eÜz mwjgywÏ
†mevhZ′ w`‡q evwo‡Z wb‡q G‡j †h cwiw¯ wZi gy‡LvgywL nBÑMíUvi †gi `Ê †mLv‡bB aby‡Ki
R¨v-gy³ Zx‡ii MwZ‡Z Avmgv‡b D‡V hvq| Avgiv MíUvi †kl As‡k cvV wb‡Z cvwiÑ
...†jvKRb Zv‡K aivawi K‡i evwoi w`‡K wb‡q †h‡Z _v‡K| Lwjjyjøvn wVKg‡Zv ùvov‡Z
cviwQj bv| Zvi gv_vUv Lvwj evm‡bi g‡Zv duvKv| †mLv‡b †Kv‡bv fvebv †bB, Pvj-Wvj-
†Zj-byb wK‪Qz †bB| GKevi hw` avbfiv meyR gvV fv‡m, †Zv Av‡iKevi eD, Av‡iKevi
†cvjv, Av‡iKevi Pv‡ji e¯‭v...| GKwU KsKvj †hb GK`j gvby‡li (Avm‡j †m gvbyl¸‡jvI
Zvi g‡ZvB mPj KsKvj) mv‡_ mv‡_ †nu‡U Pj‡Q| †Pbv c_NvU, †Pbv Ni‡`vi n‡jI
Lwjjyjøvni mewKQzB AbïKg, A‡Pbv jvM‡Q|...D‡VvbfwZ© Aviwk-cowk| †jvKR‡b MgMg
Ki‡Q D‡Vvb| Lwjjyjøvn eyS‡Z cviwQj bv, GLv‡b Kx NU‡Q, †mB-ev GLv‡b †Kb G‡m‡Q|
GLv‡b Zvi Kx Kivi Av‡Q! GZme giv gvbyl GLv‡b Kx Ki‡Q!
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mwjgywÏ ZLb D‡Vv‡bi GKcv‡k †kvqv‡bv GKwU wkïi Kv‡Q Zv‡K †U‡b wb‡q hvq| mwjgywÏ
†mB wkïwUi gy‡Li Dci †_‡K KvcoUzKz mwi‡q w`‡j Lwjjyjøvn wKQz¶Y w¯ i n‡q †mB gy‡Li
w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K| Zvi g‡b nq, GB †Q‡jwU †m †Kv_vI †`‡L‡Q| Avevi g‡b nq †Q‡jwUi
gyL Zvi †cvjvi g‡ZvB! cv‡kB cv_iL‡Êi g‡Zv GK bvix Abo e‡m Av‡Q| †mB
bvixgyLwU‡KI Zvi wKQzUv †Pbv †Pbv jv‡M| GB gyLwU‡KI †Kv_vI †`‡L‡Q e‡j Zvi g‡b
nq|...ivZ ZLb †ek Mfxi| mwjgywÏ e‡j, Ô†`L, †cvjvUv Z‡i WvK‡Z WvK‡Z †Kgyb NygvB
co‡Q| †Kv‡bvw`b Avi fvZ PvB‡ev bv‡i!Õ
evwoi D‡VvbUv‡KB Lwjjyjøvni ZLb nv‡Ui cv‡ki Kei¯ v‡bi g‡Zv g‡b nq| †mB
Kei¯ v‡bi Dci w`‡q ZLb wbR©bwbwki ay-ay evZvm D‡o †h‡Z _v‡K|
MÖvgxY eyfz¶z gvby‡li wbLyuZ gvbwPÎ ÔKei¯ v‡bi evZvmÕ|
Avgiv BwZnvm, ms¯‥…wZ Avi wb‡R‡ì fy‡j †h‡Z I¯‭v` GKwU RvwZ| mvg‡b _vKv LoKz‡Uv
wb‡q wbj©¾ Avùvjb Ki‡Z `vi Y I¯‭v`| `x‡bkP‱`ª †mb Ôgqgbwmsn MxwZKvÕ m¤úv`bv
K‡i‡QbÑ Avgiv Rvwb| †R‡b AvZ¥cÖmv` jvf Kwi| wK‰‧ KLbI Rvb‡Z PvBwb, m¤úv`bvi
Av‡M MÖvgevsjvi †j․wKK GjvKv †_‡K GBme ¯^Y©‡iby msMÖn †K K‡iwQ‡jb †L‡q bv-†L‡q?
`x‡bkP‱`ª †mb wb‡R? bv, wZwb m¤úv`bv Ki‡Qb gvÎ| msMÖn K‡i‡Qb P‱`ªKzgvi †`|
BwZnv‡mi gnv‡dRLvbv †_‡K nvwi‡q hvIqv bvg P‱`ªKzgvi †` mvg‡b G‡m‡Qb M‡í, M‡íi
PwiÎ n‡q| Avi Amvgvb¨ KvRwU K‡i‡Qb MíKvi iv‡k` ingvb, Zuvi ÔP‱`ªKzgvi I nvI‡ii
†XDÕ M‡í| RyjvB 1913, Ô†m․ifÕ-G P‱`ªKzgvi †`Õi GKwU cÖeÜ Qvcv n‡q‡Q| cÖe‡Üi
welqe¯‧ cÖvPxb Kwe P‱`ªveZx I Zuvi ewPZ `my¨ †Kbviv‡gi cvjv| Wv‡K Ô†m․ifÕ cvb
Aa¨vcK `x‡bkP‱`ª †mb| cÖeÜwU c‡o `x‡bkeveyi †fZ‡i †Zvjcvo ïi  n‡q †Mj| †K GB
P‱`ªKzgvi? †Kbviv‡gi cvjvwUB-ev cvIqvi Dcvq Kx? †Q‡j‡ejvq gqgbwms‡ni evwo‡Z
`x‡bkevey cvjvMvb ïb‡Qb| ZLb GZUv Av‡jvwoZ nb wb| P‱`ªKzgv‡ii cÖeÜ c‡o †Pv‡L Rj
G‡m †M‡Q|
AwØZxqv Pv‡qi Kvc nv‡Z ùvwo‡qÑKx e¨vcvi, Zzwg Kuv`Q †Kb?
i gvj w`‡q †PvL gyQ‡jb `x‡bkevey| cwÎKvwU ¯¿xi nv‡Z w`‡q ej‡jb, P‱`ªKzgv‡ii †jLv
cÖeÜwU c‡o| G‡Kev‡i •PZ-•ekvLx evMv‡bi dz‡ji M‡Ü ficyi|...Ô†m․ifÕG P‱`ªKzgvi †`Õi
cÖeÜ c‡o wPiKzgvix P‱`ªveZx Avi Zvi iwPZ `my¨ †Kbviv‡gi `yt‡L AwØZxqvI Kuv`‡jb
cÖvYf‡i...|
Ô†m․ifÕ m¤úv`K †K`vibv_ gRyg`vi Aa¨vcK `x‡bkP‱`ª †m‡bi cyi‡bv eÜz| wZwb
gRyg`vi‡K wPwV wjL‡jbÑP‱`ªKzgv‡ii mÜvb PvB| GB †Q‡jwU fvwUevsjvi gwYgy‡³v Kzwo‡q
R‡ov Ki‡Z cvi‡e....| eÜzi wPwV †c‡q †Pv‡L Rj G‡m †Mj †K`vieveyi| P‱`ªKzgv‡ii mÜvb
wgj‡Q bv eûw`b....| wZwbI †Zv Zv‡K LuyR‡Qb| DË‡i eÜz‡K wjL‡jb, P‱`ªKzgvi `wi`ª
hyeK| fv‡jv †jLvcov wkL‡Z cv‡iwb| wb‡Ri †Póvq evsjv wjL‡Z I co‡Z wk‡L‡Q|
Kûw`b Zvi mÜvb †bB| ï‡bwQ Zvi gw¯‭®‥weK…wZ N‡U‡Q...|ÕÕ
ZviciI wK P‱`ªKzgvi †`Õiv nvwi‡q hvq? bv, nvivq bv| Zviv iv‡k` ingvb‡ì M‡í aª e n‡q
†eu‡P _v‡Kb| BwZnvm I HwZ‡nï †b․Kvq P‡o Awfwb‡e‡ki Pob`vi n‡q Mí †j‡Lb cvcwo
ingvb| Zvi †jLv M‡í †PZbv‡jv‡K _v‡K `vq, _v‡K mgvRg½‡ji cÖwZ‪Qwe| ÔmKj
AÜKvi †n AvgviÕ M‡í iƒp ev¯‭eZvi PvZv‡j ùvwo‡q GKRb gvbyl Kxfv‡e †f‡R e„wó‡Z,
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RwUj g‡bvi‡Oi mv¤úvb fvmv‡Z cv‡ib Kí‡jv‡Ki wng gv‡VÑZviB Zi½ cvB| GKUv †jvK
evwoi mvb‡k‡Wi Dci g‡i Av‡Q| Zv‡K D×v‡ii †Póv Pj‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K MíKvi, DËgcyi ‡l
wj‡L‡QbÑ
...†jvKwU mwZ¨ †eu‡P Av‡Q wK †bB Zv GL‡bv inm¨gq| †hLv‡b †m Sz‡j Av‡Q †mLv‡b Avmv
ev hvIqvi †Kv‡bv mij c_ †bB| Rxeb ev g„Zzï gvSvgvwS c_ nq‡Zv Ggb| Avmv ev
hvIqvi †Kv‡bv c_ Lyu‡R cvIqv cÖvq Am¤¢e| †jvKwUi Rxe‡b wK myL e‡j wKQz wQj! A_ev
†mvbvwj mgq? Pzwi Kiv Zvi †bkv, †ckv A_ev `vqe×Zv? wK‰‧ †m Ggb AcNv‡Z gviv †Mj
†Kb? i³‡mªv‡Zi †fZi ü`‡qi ayKcyK KLb †hb nvwi‡q †M‡Q|
†n g„Z gvbyl, Zzwg wK KL‡bv K`gMv‡Qi wb‡P ùvwo‡q e„wó‡Z wf‡RQ? K`gMv‡Qi GK Zxeª
gv`KZvgq myNÖvY Av‡Q| e„wói Rj †m-myNÖvY †g‡L gvwU‡Z S‡i co‡j K`g dz‡U I‡V|
Pvicvk K`‡gi _B _B M‡Ü f‡i hvq| Avwg GKw`b K`‡gi Agb myev‡m wf‡RwQjvg|
cvK©-fiv †jvKRb AevK n‡q †P‡q wQj| †jvKwUi APj kix‡i Kzqvkve„wó Av¯‭iY †dj‡Q|
bv, Zey †Kv‡bv bovPov †bB| IVvbvgv †bB| †eu‡P _vKvi †Kv‡bv A_© Avgv‡KI AvKl©Y K‡i
bv| wK‰‧ Avwg †Kb D £v‰‭ n‡q †`․‡o P‡jwQ| wmuwoi G-gv_v †_‡K I-gv_v| cv‡qi cvZvq
welv³ †MvL‡iv †Qvej gvi‡Q| bxj wel aviY K‡i bxjKÉ GK Rxeb cÖwZw`b weQvbvq Dcyo
K‡i w`w‪Q...| cÖwZwU Rxe‡bi D‡ëvwc‡V Avi-GKUv Rxeb _v‡K| MíKvi Zvi D‡ëvwc‡Vi
AÜKv‡ii fvmvb `¶Zvi m‡½ cvVK‡ì mvg‡b Dc¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb wkwíZ •PZ‡b¨|
cÖkv‰‭ g„av wb‡R‡K mgvR-†`k-ivóªgb¯‥ GKRb K_vKvi wn‡m‡e cÖwZôv w`‡q‡Qb|
•Zwi K‡i‡Qb wbR¯^ †jLvi GKwU QuvP| g~jZ GKRb K_vKv‡ii mv_©KZvi PvweKvwV GLv‡bB
wbwnZ| Zvi ejevi GKUv wbR¯^ gvbweK fvlv Av‡Q, GKUv Avevi jZv‡bv bq, `„p, Ae¸Éb
gy³| cÖkv‰‭ g„avi Mí ÔAÜ Puv` A_ev AÜKviÕ| bv‡gi †fZ‡iB M‡íi AvL¨vb ev Bkvivi
AvNvZ cvB|
AvieïRbx DcvL¨v‡bi †KvwU †KvwU jvBwj-gRby Avgv‡ì Pvicv‡k| cÖkv‰‭ Zuvi M‡íi
KjKâvq bvg `y‡UvB wb‡q‡Qb Avie¨ Dcb¨vm †_‡K| AvL¨vb iPbv K‡i‡Qb, evsjv‡`‡ki,
wbw`©ó K‡i ej‡j XvKv kn‡ii| AviI †K‱`ªwe‱`y‡Z †M‡j Pw‱`ªgv D`¨v‡bi| jvBwj AÜ,
gRbyi GK nvZ †bB, jyjv| ZeyI jvBwj †`L‡Z cvq gRbyi Av‡M| Aek¨ `yÕRbvi m‡½
imvqb NUv‡Z cÖkv‰‭ g„av †gjv c_ cvwo w`‡q bvbv Pwi‡Îi m‡½ fuvR †f‡O jvBwj Avi
gRby‡K wb‡q G‡m‡Qb Pw‱`ªgv D`¨v‡b iv‡Zi Av‡jvq| †Kb jvBwj Avi gRby Pw‱`ªgv D`¨v‡b
wM‡qwQj?
...gRby IB GKnv‡Z jvBwj‡K a‡i wb‡R Nv‡m ïB‡q w`‡j Ava-†Lvjv mv‡jvqv‡i cv †eu‡a
jvBwj c‡o †h‡Z jvM‡j Zv-I gRby mvg‡j wb‡q jvBwj‡K ïB‡q cv‡qi wb‡Pi As‡k
mv‡jvqvi _vK‡ZB `ª Z wb‡Ri jyw½ †Zv‡j, GgbwK wb‡Ri wj½‡K jvBwji †hvwbgy‡L QzuB‡q
w`‡Z w`‡Z jvBwji †Pv‡Li I gy‡Li w`‡K ZvKvq| jvBwji †Pv‡L Zvi †PvL c‡o| jvBwji
†Pv‡L `~i †_‡K D‡o Avmv Av‡jv! Avi AvKvk †_‡K Avmv Puv‡ì iwk¥| jvBwji †Pv‡L Puv‡ì
Av‡jv †`‡L gRby wcQ‡b ZvKvq| Puv‡ì Av‡jvq †Rvi †hb GLv‡b Avm‡jB †ewk| bvwK
Av‡jv jvBwji †Pv‡L c‡o‡Q| Ggwb‡Z jvBwji kix‡ii GBfv‡e kixi †P‡c w`‡q _vKv‡Z
gRby jvBwji kix‡i wb‡R‡K ax‡i ax‡i †mu‡U w`‡Z cv‡i| wK‰‧ Puv‡ì Av‡jvq jvBwji †Pv‡L
†PvL covq GZ¶Y †m †hfv‡e †`‡L bvB Zvi †P‡qI †hb Mvp K‡i †`Lj, jvBwj Kvbv! Kvbv
260
†Pv‡L Puv‡ì Av‡jvÑ†m ax‡i ax‡i wfZ‡i wkw_j n‡q Avm‡j nVvr Kx K‡i Kx K‡i eyS‡Z bv-
†c‡i gRby GKnv‡Z wb‡Ri gvRv †_‡K MvgQv Lyj‡Z Lyj‡Z e‡j, Ô†Zvi †Pv‡L Pv‡‱ì Av‡jv
jvBwj| GB MvgQv gv_vi Z‡j †`|Õ
jvBwj gv_v DuPz K‡i MvgQv gv_vi Z‡j w`‡j gRby MvgQvi evwK As‡k jvBwji †Pv‡L
†cuwP‡q †`q| jvBwj Rvb‡Z Pvq, ÔK‡iv Kx?Õ Ô†Zvi †Pv‡L Pv‡‱ì Av‡jv|Õ gRby AùzU
jvBwji Nv‡oi Kv‡Q gyL bvwg‡q e‡j, Ô†Zvi †PvL †`LZvwQÑ†mB RB‡b¨ †PvL ev‱`jvgÑ†Zvi
†Pv‡L Pv‡‱ì Av‡jv!Õ e‡j wb‡P nvZ bvwg‡q w`‡Z w`‡Z gRby †ev‡S Zvi wkw_jZv †K‡U
†M‡Q| AùzU †m jvBwj‡K cv duvK Ki‡Z e‡j; Zvici Df‡qB Zrci n‡q I‡V, nVvr,
gyn~‡Z©B!... Avi, GLb nVvr AvKv‡k †gN| jvBU¸‡jv Puv` wK Zvivi RvqMvq n‡j †g‡N XvKv
coZ| Zv N‡U bv| eis †gN evw`¨ evRvq| e„wó n‡e!...
kvnbvR gyb′x MíKvi wn‡m‡e wb‡Ri Avmb PgrKvi m„R‡b `Lj K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi M‡í
mgKvjxb mgq Rv‡j AvUKv-cov NyNiy g‡Zv AvU‡K _v‡K Szj‡Z _v‡K| cÖwZev` Ki‡Z
Ki‡Z Wvbv SvcUvq| MÖvg Ges kni `yB cÖv‰‭‡K mvejxjfv‡e M‡í aviY K‡ib gyb′x|
ÔiwngywÏb †PviÕ MíwU MÖvgxY cUf‚wg‡Z †jLv Zuvi Avi GKwU bv‱`wbK Mí|
iwngywÏb †Pvi| †m weL¨vZ †Pvi| D ¢vebx †Pvi| bvbv NUbvi ci ¯¿x kwidv‡K †i‡L GK
hvÎv`‡ji m‡½ †m P‡j hvq| A‡bK eQi ci †m MÖv‡g wd‡i Av‡m| GZw`‡b MÖv‡g A‡bK
cwieZ©b G‡m‡QÑRwjj g„avi UvKv cqmv n‡q‡Q| evwo cvKv Zvi| iwngywÏ cyi‡bv †ckvq
wd‡i hvq| Pzwi Ki‡Z wM‡q aiv c‡i Mi m‡gZ Rwjj g„avi †jvK‡ì nv‡Z| iwngywÏ
†f‡ewQj Kx Avi kvw¯‭ n‡eÑK‡qKUv wKj, Po-_vào Gme †Zv Av‡MI †m Dcnvi †cZ, aiv
co‡j| wK‰‧ Zvi Rb¨, MÖvgevmxi Rb¨ A‡c¶v KiwQj Ab¨wKQz| ...Rwjj g„av Zvi †Rvqvb
mvM‡i`‡ì Bkviv K‡i|
`yRb †gvUvZvRv †Rvqvb wM‡q wSgy‡Z _vKv iwngywÏ‡K †P‡c a‡i, hv Kv‡iv Av‱`v‡RI wQj
bv, hv †KD KíbvI K‡iwb, †mB NUbvUvB Zvici NUvq Rwjj g„av| †m GKUv †PvLv k³
†jvnvi iW iwngywÏ †Pv‡ii Kv‡bi †fZi m‡Rv‡i XzwK‡q †`q|
Zvi Kvb †_‡K MjMj K‡i †ewi‡q Av‡m jvj i³| cwieZ©bUv i³ w`‡q eySj iwngywÏ|
kvnbvR gyb′x iwngywÏ‡bi i³R avivcv‡Z Avgv‡ì ivóª KvVv‡gvi AvMÖvmb cwiwPwZ †`Lv‡jb
wK! gwb nvq`vi `xN©w`b †_‡K M‡í gM′ GKRb MíKvi| mnR Avw½‡K Rxe‡bi RwUjZv‡K
ey‡bb k‡ãi myuB-my‡Zvq| Zvi M‡íi cUf‚wg ev AvL¨v‡b ivRbxwZ _v‡K AwaKgvÎvq| ÔGKLÊ
†jvnvÕ M‡í mgvR wbix¶vi huvZvK‡j GKwU msmv‡ii me©bvk, m¤ú‡K©i AvZ¥cxob, KjywlZ
ivRbxwZi _vevq jÊfÊ n‡q hvevi Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb wZwb| ÔÔ†mv‡jgvb MYZvw‰¿Kfv‡e wbe©vwPZ
miKvi`jxq GKRb †bZvi †cvl¨| †m `ywU Av‡M′qv‡¯¿i Mwe©Z gvwjK| nv‡Zi g‡a¨ ¶gZvi
Zxeª PveyK| †fZ‡i †fZ‡i †mv‡jgvb KZLvwb cv‡ë †M‡Q †mv‡jgvb wb‡RI Rvb‡Z cv‡iwb|
†m GLb PZzi GKRb †L‡jvqvo| †mv‡jgv‡bi cv‡ë hvIqv †hgb †mv‡jgvb wb‡RI Rvb‡Z
cv‡iwb, †Zgwb eyS‡Z cv‡iwb AvjvDwÏb Ges Avqkv †eMgI| hLb eyS‡Z cvij ZLb
A‡bK †`wi n‡q †M‡Q|
wcÖq cvVKmKj, GLb †evanq Avgvi m‡½ GB M‡íi PwiÎ AvjvDwÏb‡K GKUz GKUz K‡i
n‡jI wPb‡Z cvi‡Qb| i³m¤ú‡K©i †QvU‡evb †gv‡gbv, hv‡K •kk‡e-•K‡kv‡i †mv‡jgvb Lye
Avì K‡i‡Q| †Kv‡j wb‡q‡Q| `~i MÖvg †_‡K cvKv eiB G‡b w`‡q‡QÑeq‡mi eëav‡b †mB
261
†QvU †evb GLb †mvgË, we‡qi †hvM¨| we‡qi †hvM¨ †QvU‡evbB GLb †mv‡jgv‡bi Kv‡Q cY¨
eB Avi wKQz bq| GK Kv‡jv mKv‡j †mv‡jgvb mf¨Zv Avi hveZxq m¤ú‡K©i gy‡L k³ cv‡qi
jvw_ †g‡i AvjvDwÏb Avi Avqkv †eM‡gi Nyg fvOvq| †mv‡jgv‡bi m‡½ †ek K‡qKRb
mv½cv½| ejvevûj¨, cÖ‡Z¨‡K evsjv wm‡bgvi ÷vB‡j AvaywbK A‡¯¿ mymw¾Z| Nyg †f‡O
†gv‡gbv Avjy_vjy †Pv‡L ¯^c′cÖ‪Qvqvq Pviw`‡K ZvKvq| †`L‡Z cvq cv_‡ii fM′¯‭‚c| †gv‡gbv
Kv‡jv mKv‡ji †gvo‡K †gvov‡bv Zvi †R¨ô åvZv‡K wPb‡Z cv‡i bv| †R¨ô åvZvi Avj‡Ljøvq
GK †bK‡o A_ev M‡í †kvbv Pg© P‡¶ bv-†`Lv GK nv‡qbv cÖej iƒ‡c nvwRi|ÕÕ ivRbxwZ
I ivR‣bwZK †bZv‡ì nv‡Z Avgv‡ì mgvR I bvMwiK KZfv‡e cÖZvwiZ nq, ZviB f~‡Mvj
Gu‡K‡Qb gwb nvq`vi| ivRbxwZi gvbyl RvwKi ZvjyK`vi| myZivs MíKvi RvwKi ZvjyK`vi
Zuvi †jLvq ivRbxwZ‡K ev` w`‡Z cv‡ib bv| Mí Ges ivRbxwZ ci¯úi Rwo‡q G‡Mvq
RvwK‡ii M‡í| m‡½ mgvRex¶‡Yi MwYZ _v‡K| GBme wb‡q RvwKi ZvjyK`vi| ÔgvZ…n‰‭vÕ
Zuvi wbix¶vag©x GKwU Abävivi Mí| M‡íi f‚‡Mvj iƒcK_v, eUe„¶, †e½gv| MÖv‡g eUe„¶
†bB| igYxiv GKwÎZ n‡q GKwU GKwU eUe„¶ †ivcY K‡i| ZviciB Mí Ab¨w`‡K †gvo
wb‡q cvVK‡ì wb‡q hvq givKvU‡ji ìRvq| bvbv NUbvi ci `ywf©¶ †`Lv †`q MÖv‡g|
cyi ‡liv ivRevwo hvq, ivRevwo †_‡K ejv nq bvix‡ì cvVv‡Z| bvixiv ivRevwo †M‡j
cyi l‡ì Rb¨ cÖPzi Lv`¨ Av‡mÑwK‰‧ bvixiv Avi Av‡m bv| cyi ‡liv ivRevwoi †j․n‡MU
†f‡O †fZ‡i Xz‡K c‡o| Zvici?
ÔÔ...wK‰‧ G Kx! †Kv_vq ivRv! †Kv_vq †jvKRb! ïay ùvwo‡q Av‡Q GKUv ebmvB| Zviv
mvg‡b †h‡ZB Wvjcvjv Qov‡Z ïi  Kij ebmvB| evo‡Z ïi  Kij •`‡N©¨ cÖ‡¯  Ges cwiYZ
nj AvKvk‡Quvqv gnxi n eUe„‡¶| Avi †mB eUe„‡¶i Wv‡j Wv‡j ZvjMv‡Q eveyBcvwLi evmvi
g‡Zv Szj‡Q AmsL¨ biK¼vj| AÆnvwm †n‡m eUe„¶ ejjÑAvwgB †Zv‡ì ivRv| Avi GB †h
KsKvj¸‡jvÑGivB †Zv‡ì bvix| cÖ_‡g wbh©vm Zvic‡i K¼vj wb‡qwQ Avwg| Avi gvsm
cvwV‡q w`‡qwQ †Zv‡ì Rb¨| †e½gv-†e½wg GB ch©‰‭ ej‡ZB nvnvKvi DVj Pvicv‡k|
bvixiv bq, nvnvKvi Ki‡Q cyi liv| KLb †h Zviv bvix‡ì †cQ‡b G‡m ùvwo‡qwQj wbtk‡ã,
†Ui cvqwb igYxKzj| g‡b c‡o‡Q, Avgv‡ì cv‡ci K_v g‡b c‡o‡Q| Avgiv
gvZ…gvsmf¶K| cvc! nvq cvc! g‡b c‡o‡Q| GLb Avgv‡ì cÖvqwðË Ki‡Z n‡e!
GK Agvem¨v iv‡Zi †kl cÖn‡i bvixiv †R‡M D‡V †`Lj, Zv‡ì cyi liv kh¨vq
†bB| †KD e‡jwb, Zey Zviv A‰‭‡i wbwðZ Abyfe Kij Zv‡ì cyi liv cÖvqwðË Ki‡Z
eUe„‡¶i Kv‡QB †M‡Q|Ó nvRvi eQi Av‡M cyi ‡liv wK Gfv‡eB bvix‡L‡Kv nIqvi `x¶v
†c‡qwQj? m‡‰‭vl Xvjx mgvRgb¯‥ MíKvi| Rxe‡bi bvbvwea ms‡e` Avi ms‡kølY Zuvi M‡íi
AvKi| mij As‡Ki †fZi Xvjx mn‡RB Avwe®‥vi Ki‡Z cv‡ib `y‡h©v‡Mi NbNUv| Avevi
D‡ëvUvI Avwe®‥vi Kivi ¶gZv iv‡Lb wZwb| ¶gZvi wbw³‡Z m‡‰‭vl Xvjx Pwjòz MíKvi|
m‡‰‭vl Xvjx gv`vixcyi GjvKvi AvÂwjK fvlvq wj‡L‡Qb ÔfvZvi gviv cv_viÕ MíwU| MíwU‡Z
MÖvgxY K…l‡Ki Kó, Rxeb hvcb, K…lvYxi `vq‡eva PgrKvifv‡e D ¢vwmZ n‡q‡Q| K…lK
Pvlvev` †k‡l AK‚j cv_v‡i Lvev‡ii Rb¨ A‡c¶v Ki‡Q| ¯¿x jwZdv Lvevi wb‡q Avm‡e|
gv_vi Dci `M`‡M m~h©| †Kv_vI gvby‡li †`Lv †bB| wb‡R‡K euvPv‡Z KwmiDwÏb jyw½ Ly‡j
gv_vq euv‡a| ZviciI KwmiDwÏb ¯^vfvweK n‡Z cv‡i bv| GKwU gvbweK gvbwPÎ AuvK‡Z
†Póv K‡i‡Qb m‡‰‭vl Xvjx| Mícv‡V wPi‡Pbv `„k¨ †Kgb A‡Pbv fqsKi n‡q I‡VÑ
262
...w`‡bi †ejv‡ZB Gevi mwZ¨ f‚‡Zi bvPb ïi  nq Kwmi wÏi †Pv‡L| †m †`L‡Z
cvqÑPj‰‭ we‱`yUv GKevi †Mvj nq; GKevi j¤^v nq| GKevi _v‡g; GKevi nuv‡U| GKevi
jwZdv nq; Avi GKevi f‚Z nq| GLb Avi Zvi w¶‡aI †bB; wccvmvI †bB| Mv‡q m¤ú~Y©
my‡Zvk~b¨ Kwmi wÏ Mi i Qvqvq e‡m gv_v PzjKvq| w`wM¦w`K Ávbk~b¨ n‡q MvBUvi Ijv‡b gyL
jvMvq| cÖvYc‡Y Pzl‡Z _v‡K MvBUvi ïK‡bv LU&L‡U euvU| Zv‡Z GK‡duvUv `ya †bB; GKwe‱`y
cvwb †bB| Mjv ïwK‡q KvV| evn¨Ávbk~b¨ Kwmi wÏ Mi i cv‡k Mi  n‡q nvgv †`q| Mi 
`y‡Uv Zvi †Pbv †Pbv jv‡M| †Kv_vq †hb †`‡L‡Q g‡b nq| g‡b nq, GKUv Zvi ¯¿x| jwZdv|
AbÜv Zvi fvB| Lye †QvU‡ejvq gviv hvIqv Zvi fvB| Zvi fvB †hb Zv‡K wb‡Z G‡m‡Q|
Zv‡ì cv‡k nvgv¸wo w`‡q nuv‡U| nv¤^v nv¤^v K‡i| Mi  `y‡UvI Avi ùvwo‡q _vK‡Z bv †c‡i
GKmgq ï‡q c‡o|... gvbyl Ges Mi Ñevsjvi A_©bxwZ M‡í GKvKvi|
mvjvg mv‡jnD``xb mij Avw½‡Ki K_vKvi| hwÌ mij Avw½‡K †j‡Lb, Z‡e Zuvi M‡í
_v‡K Rxe‡bi Mfxi AM′y¨rcvZ| _v‡K Mfx‡ii †Mvcb ìRv †Lvjvi Pvwe| Ôwein-`~ZÕ M‡í
†cÖ‡gi wfb′ Nivbvi GK AvL¨vb iwPZ n‡q‡Q| †cÖg †hLv‡bB hvq, †mLv‡bB mg~n me©bv‡ki
NÈv evRvq, mvjv‡gi Ôwein-`~ZÕ ZviB wbLyuZ cÖvgvY¨ Mí|
Zgvj Avi †g․wgZvi msmv‡i gvSiv‡Z GKwU weovj Av‡m| weov‡ji wgD wgD Wv‡K
Zgvj Nygv‡Z cv‡i bv| wK‰‧ †g․wgZv wbwe©Kvi| eva¨ n‡q iv‡Z Zgvj weovjUv‡K gvivi Rb¨
cÖ¯‧Z nqÑ ...ivZ Mfxi nIqvi AvM †_‡KB jvwV nv‡Z Iur †c‡Z Av‡Q| AvR †m gv÷vi
†eWi ‡gi Rvbvjv eÜ K‡i ìRvi cv‡k AÜKv‡i jvwV nv‡Z ùvwo‡q| AÜKv‡i NÈvLv‡bK
ùvwo‡q _vKvi ci Zvi nvZ-cv Aek n‡q Gj| wK‰‧ †eov‡ji †`Lv †bB| LvwiK c‡i †m
Av‱`vR Ki‡Z cvij †eovjwU i ‡g cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q, m‡½ m‡½ †m ìRv eÜ K‡i w`‡q Av‡jv
R¡vjvj| †eovjwU fqvZ© iƒc wb‡q i g †_‡K †ei nIqvi Rb¨ QzUvQzwU Ki‡Z jvMj| GB
Ae¯ vq †g․wgZv †R‡M DVj| †g․wgZv wKQz ey‡S IVvi Av‡MB Zgvj †eov‡ji gv_vq AvNvZ
Kij| †eovjUv gv_v Ny‡i c‡o GKevi gvÎ wgD kã Kij| †eovjUv AvnZ Ae¯ vq †g‡Sq
c‡o KvZiv‡‪Q, Avi eo eo †PvL K‡i Zgv‡ji w`‡K bq, †g․wgZvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q Av‡Q, †hb
†g․wgZv‡K †m Lye‡j Lv‡e| eûw`b ci Zgvj †R‡b‡Q, Avm‡j IwU wQj †g․wgZvi †cÖwg‡Ki
†cvlv †eovj| †cÖwgK‡K †Q‡o †m ¯^vgxi N‡i G‡m‡Q| †cÖg Gfv‡eB •PZbï ìRvq `vM
iPbv K‡i| n‡Z cv‡i †m `vM Kv‡jv A_ev meyR wKsev njy`| wK‰‧ `vM †m iv‡LB|
ivR‣bwZK A½xKv‡i `xß gb‡bi eq‡b F× K_vwkíx gvmy`v fvwÆ| Mí, Dcb¨vm,
ivR‣bwZK fvl¨ iPbvq wZwb AmvaviY| Zuvi M‡íi RvqMv-Rwg‡b gvbe-g‡bi hveZxq
imvqb Lye RwUj cÖev‡n bv wM‡qI ¯^v‪Qw‱`K f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| mxgve× KvVv‡gvi evB‡iI
wkímsivM I ivR‣bwZK `M`‡M Nv Aviva¨ n‡q I‡V ÔmgªvÁxi •ZjwPÎÕ M‡í| GKwU
ivR‣bwZK `‡ji Kzkvmbvg‡ji i³v³ K¨vbfvm cÖZx‡K Gu‡K‡Qb MíKvi| M‡íi cÖavb PwiÎ
mgªvÁx Diwd`v| Diwd`v hv Pvb, ZvB nq| wZwb GKK| Zvi cÖavb kw³ cÖ‡nwjKv †`‡ki
mgªvU|
AvR mgªvÁx Diwd`v Zvi cÖvmv‡ì mvg‡b fvlY †`‡eb| Zvi Av‡qvRb bq, gnvhÁ
Pj‡Q| †mB Rbmfvq fvlY w`‡Z w`‡Z Zvi GKwU evmbv cÖejfv‡e RvMÖZ nq| wZwb RbZvi
mvg‡b _vK‡eb mgmgq; hv‡Z RbZv Zv‡K fzj‡Z cv‡i bv mvg‡b _vK‡j RbZv eis fq
263
cv‡e| cwiKíbv Abymv‡i †`‡ki wPÎKi‡ì WvKv nj| wPÎK‡iiv mgªvÁxi wPÎ AuvK‡e, †mB
wPÎ cÖwZwU N‡i ivL‡Z n‡e| Z‡eB wZwb †cu․‡Q hv‡eb RbZvi Kv‡Q| wPÎKi‡ì AuvKv †mB
wPÎ cwi`k©‡b G‡m‡Qb mgªvÁx| G‡m wZwb Kx †`L‡Qb?...wZwb cÖ_g •ZjwPÎwUi w`‡K
ZvwK‡q e‡j I‡Vb, ÔGUv Kx? G †h AmsL¨ bvixi i³gvLv kvwo! Qwe †_‡K PzuB‡q co‡Q
i‡³i avivÕ; wØZxqwUi w`‡K ZvwK‡q m‡½ m‡½ †PvL wdwi‡q wb‡q e‡jb, ÔGKwU †g‡qwkï‡K
Gfv‡e cïiv wQu‡o Lv‡‪Q †Kb?Õ; Z…Zxq QwewU †`‡LB mgªvÁx †PvL eÜ K‡ib, ÔGKwU nvZ-
cv-gv_v KvUv hye‡Ki †`n c‡o Av‡Q meyR Nv‡mi DciÕ, PZz_©wU †_‡K mgªvÁx wQU&‡K `~‡i
m‡i †h‡Z Pvb, ÔAv¸‡b f¯§xf‚Z K‡qKwU bi‡`n, Qwe †_‡KI gvsm‡cvov M‡Ü Ni f‡i
†M‡QÕ; cÂg wPÎwU †`Lvi Av‡MB mgªvÁx ùvwo‡q c‡ob, Ô†`‡ki cÖavb bMixi ivRc_ a‡i
AmsL¨ gvbyl Qz‡U Avm‡Q Zvi w`‡KÕ; lô QwewU bv-†`‡L wZwb P‡j †h‡Z D`¨Z n‡ZB ÔGKwU
nvZ GwM‡q G‡m Zv‡K _vwg‡q †`q, nvZwUi †`‡n †KvbI gvsm †bB, ïayB Aw¯ Õ; mßg wPÎwU
†`‡L mgªvÁx cvwilè‡M©i w`‡K ZvwK‡q û¼vi w`‡q I‡Vb, Ô†Zvgiv †`L‡Z cv‪Q bv, ivRv
weåvU Avgv‡K bi‡K †U‡b wb‡q hv‡‪Q? euvPvI Avgv‡K †Zvgiv, euvPvI|Õ cvwilèM© mgªvÁxi
w`‡K ZvwK‡q AevK n‡q hvb, Zviv mßmsL¨K •ZjwP‡Î Ac~e©my‱ì mgªvÁx‡K †`L‡Z cv‡‪Qb,
A_P mgªvÁx Diwd`v Gme Kx ej‡Qb! Zviv †Póv K‡ib mgªvÁx‡K kv‰‭ Ki‡Z wK‰‧ wZwb
fq¼i n‡q DV‡Z _v‡Kb µgk| GKmgq eva¨ n‡q cvwilèM©‡KI ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z nq
mßmsL¨K •ZjwPÎ m¤ú‡K© mgªvÁx Diwd`v hv e‡j‡Qb ZvB-B mZ¨| m‡½ m‡½ mßmsL¨K
wPÎKi‡K wb‡q hvIqv nq AÜKvi cÖ‡Kv‡ô, †hLv‡b bvbv fw½‡Z Zv‡ì Kv‡Q g„Zz¨ Av‡m; Z‡e
†klch©‰‭ ivR¨gq mgªvÁx Diwd`vi •ZjwPÎ Qwo‡q †Ìqvi e¨vcviwUi Kx nq Zv Rvbv hvq
bv| BwZnvm Gme Zz‪QvwZZz‪Q NUbv g‡b iv‡L bv; Zvi `vwqZ¡ wekvj Ges e¨vcK|
`ytmnKvj‡K k‡ãi AvL¨v‡b AevK B¯úv‡Z whwb euva‡Z cv‡ib wZwbB gvmy`v fvwÆ|
ÔAb‡‰‭i wiKkv MvwoÕ mvB` nvmvb `vivi Mí| mvB` nvmvb `viv gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq hvwcZ
GKRb K_vKvi| Zvi AwM′ùzwj½ †jLvq evOvwji gyw³hy× cvZvj †f` K‡i AvKvk ¯úk©
Kivi ¯úa©v aviY K‡i| gyw³hy‡×i evB‡iI †PZbvcÖev‡ni Ab‡j bvix-cyi ‡li msivMwe¯‭vix
Mí wZwb KZ h‡Z′ †j‡Lb| ÔAb‡‰‭i wiKkv MvwoÕ mvB` nvmvb `vivi wfb′ Avw½‡Ki †hvRbv|
bvix-cyi ‡li m¤ú‡K©i KznK, kix‡ii msmvi, Avevi †kl RxebhvÎvi cÖwZ A½xKvie×Zvi
m~² RvjÑGB M‡íi m¤úv`¨| †jvKwU Ges †g‡qwU ci¯ú‡ii Kv‡Q Kx Pvq? A_ev Av‡`․
wKQz wK Pvq? cvV †bqv hvKÑ
...†g‡qwU D®§v cÖKvk Kivi fw½ K‡i e‡j : Zv wVK! †jv‡Kiv MvQ †_‡K †c‡K wM‡q
Z‡j c‡o g‡i| wK‰‧ †Zvgvi †ejvq nj D‡ëv| Zzwg, Zj †_‡K wQU‡K wM‡q Mv‡Q P‡o
gi‡j? †m big Avi †Kgb †hb †fRv †fRv Mjvq e‡j, nq‡Zv kxZ Ki‡Q Zvi: †mB R‡b¨
†Zv †Zvgvi evievi K‡i g‡b c‡o hvq nvIqvq †gkv‡bv ggZvgq myi| Avi g‡b c‡o, †mB
†g‡qwU‡K, c‡o bv? ZLb ZzwgI nVvr nVvr eyS‡Z cvi‡Z Avi mevi g‡Zv ZzwgI hv PvI, Zv
Zvi kixi, bM′ cÖY‡qi Zß, hv Kvgbvq UMeM K‡i dz‡U P‡j‡Q|
mviv gbcÖvY w`‡q Zzwg, GB AvkvUv‡K AuvK‡o a‡iwQ‡j| †MvUv Rxe‡bi †miv mgqUv,
ejv hvq †MvUv `ywU hyM, Pwe″k eQi Zzwg A‡c¶v K‡iwQ‡j Zvi Rb¨, ZvwK‡q ZvwK‡q,
w`bivZ †R‡M †R‡M, GB †f‡e, †m Avm‡e mevi mvg‡b w`‡q, wKsev †Mvc‡b, jywK‡q-Pzwi‡q,
Pzwc Pzwc, †hb Aby¶‡Y †Kv‡bv mvc, `y‡qv-`y‡qv| wK‰‧ †m Avi GjB bv| Avi ZzwgI we¯‭i
†`wi K‡i †dj‡j| ZLb Pvicv‡k me †Zvgvq wN‡i a‡i‡Q, wd‡i †MwQ ¯^‡c′i Kv‡Q| A‡bK
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†ejv Wzwe‡q, muv‡Si ci muvS AwZµv‰‭ K‡i, bM′, Zz‡Lvo Ny‡g Av‪Qb′ †_‡KwQ, GKv,
AbvKvw‫¶‫‬Z wbtm½Zvq| gv‡S gv‡S wb‡R‡K Pzwe‡q w`‡qwQ, wb‡RB †jvbv R‡ji n«‡`, me
Kvg Zvc, ay‡q gy‡Q †dj‡Z!
m¤úK© Avm‡j Kx!| mvB` nvmvb `vivi Mí Aej¤^‡b ÔAb‡‰‭i wiKkv MvwoÕ| wRqv
nvkvb MÖvg I bM‡ii A‰‭e©Z©x mg‡qi AevK MíKvi| evOvwji Aw¯‭‡Z¡i bvg, Zvi bvg MÖvg|
MÖv‡gi eyK wP‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q bMi| MÖvg †_‡K G‡m gvbyl hLb wb‡Ri wb‡g©vK Ly‡j †envqv
bvMwiK e‡b hvq, AvcvZZ bMimy‡L we‡fvi nq| wK‰‧ †d‡j-Avmv c_ hLb Zv‡K wcQy Wv‡K,
ZLbB †m wd‡i hvq wKsev †h‡Z eva¨ nqÑAw¯‭‡Z¡i AuvZzoN‡i| wRqv nvkvb ÔUvjv gwi‡Pi •n
•PÕ M‡í, M‡íi cÖavb PwiÎ wRZ‡Kz bM‡ii bM′ Rxe‡bi avivcvZ †_‡K wdwi‡q Av‡bb
Rb¥N‡i| wRZz mvsevw`K, `ª Z K‡qKwU cwÎKv †PÄ K‡i GLb A‡bK eo mvsevw`K| cÖPzi
A_© DcvR©b K‡i, bvix Avi cvbxq Zvi iv‡Zi cÖavb m½x| e‡bw` AvLovq †mB m½xi Kv‡Q
Avm‡ZB cvq Uvjv gwi‡Pi MÜ| †Kv‡Ì‡K Avm‡Q GB MÜ? cÖvmv‡ì Rvbvjv †_‡K wb‡P
ZvKvq| GKwU ew¯‭Ni †_‡K MÜUv Avm‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K bvix WvK‡Q myiv nv‡Z| wRZz myiv I
mvwKi Kv‡Q †h‡Z cvi‡Q bv gwi‡Pi M‡Ü| Kx †m MÜ?...Av‡i bv bv, Avgvi fvRvfvwRi
duvc‡i co‡Z nqwb KL‡bv| IqvBd wQj bv? Avgvi †Zv Avwj© g¨v‡iR| XvKvq cv †Ìqvi
Av‡MB weaev gv‡qi gb-†fvjv‡bv †g‡q‡K Keyj Ki‡Z nq| Zzwg †Zv Zv‡K †`‡LQ, Avgvi
dv÷© IqvBd Av‡jqv| Q¨vKvg¨vKv hv LvIqvi I-B †L‡q‡Q| ZLb †Zv †m-B mKv‡j evmv
†_‡K †ei nZvg| w`bfi G wgwUs †m wgwUs, G Awdm †m Awd‡m Ry‡Zvi ïKZjv LyB‡q
mÜ¨vq nvD‡R wdiZvg wi‡cvU© Rgv w`‡q wbDR GwWU‡ii dvBdigv‡m g‡b GK Szwo wPiZv
wb‡q evmvq wdi‡Z wdi‡Z †`LZvg ivZ A‡bK`~i cvwj‡q †M‡Q| ivZ 12Uv 1Uvi Av‡M
KL‡bvB evmvi Kov bvov m¤¢e nZ bv| Avwg †M‡j Z‡eB Av‡jqv gwi‡Pi †K․Uv Ly‡j emZ|
Zvi Av‡M bq, KviY N‡ii KZ©vi cv‡Z Kx VvÊv fZ©v gvbvq? Av‡jqv wnUv‡i ZvIqv Zz‡j jvj
ïK‡bv gwiP †Q‡o w`Z| Zvici Lyw‰‭ w`‡q bvov w`‡ZB e× NiUv SuvRv‡jv M‡Üi `L‡j P‡j
†hZ| Ii `y‡kv UvKvi RwbwcÖ‱U kvwoi †eov Uc‡K †ei n‡q Avmv dm©v my‡X․j nv‡Zi †XD
†Zvjv, Avjy †gvPov‡bv, gwiP gvLv‡bv, †k‡l †auvqv‡U Avjyi jv‡j †gUvgiwdm nIqv †`LZvg|
Av¸b-R¡vjv †c‡U we‡fviZvq †c‡q emZ Avgv‡K| cÖvq cÖwZw`b fZ©v-fv‡Z ivZ mvgjv‡Z
nZ| Kx Kivi wQj ej? ZLb †Zv m¨vjvwi wQj Abwj Uz _vD‡RÛ| Zv-I †Kv‡bv gv‡m GK‡Î
†Pv‡L †`LZvg, †Kv‡bv gv‡m UzK‡iv UzK‡iv GK‡kv `y‡kv K‡i nvZ †c‡Z wb‡Z nZ| Zzwg †Zv
Avgvi †P‡q fv‡jv Rvb| †Zvgvi _wj‡ZI G iKg A‡bK weUvi G·‡cwi‡qÝ Av‡Q, ZvB bv?
...GB n‡‪Q MíKv‡ii duv`| †h duv` †_‡K PvB‡jI wRZz‡ì gyw³ †bB|
†b‡MwUf I cwRwUf `y‡Uv ci¯úiwe‡ivax AvL¨vb‡K Avðh© KzkjZvi M‡í m½g
Kiv‡Z cv‡ib l‣ok¦h© gyn¤§`| nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z Zz‡j Avb‡Z cv‡ib †MvUv dzUej gvV, m‡½
`k©K I †L‡jvqvo †Zv e‡UB| mnRUv‡K GKUz Nywi‡q Av‡bb gy‡Li Mn″‡i, wcQjv c‡_| GUv
†Zv wk‡íiB GKUv Kjv| ÔAv‡jv AÜKvi Av‡jv AÜKv‡ii hvÎvÕ M‡í l‣ok¦h© gyn¤§`
Z_vKw_Z AvaywbK bMiweb¨v‡mi Av‡jv-AÜKv‡ii iƒc‣ewPÎ¨, me©bvk-mnev‡mi gvbmv¼
K‡i‡Qb| A_©vr mij AsKUv‡K HwK‡Ki digyjvi duv‡` †d‡j‡Qb| RvMwZK Pvwn`v Avi
AÜKv‡ii we`ªƒc GKwU nuvwo‡Z K‡i K‡qKwU Pz‡jvq ivb′v K‡i‡Qb gyn¤§`| d‡j Mí hvÎv
K‡i‡Q Abävivq|
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...Gfv‡e †ek-wKQzUv GwM‡q wM‡q †U‡¤úvwU Avevi hLb wd‡i AvmwQj ZLb Zvi
AvZ¥‡Mvcb Kivi g‡Zv c~e©cÖ¯‧wZ wKsev gvbwmKZv‭†Kv‡bvwUB wQj bv| †U‡¤úvwU mwb′K‡U P‡j
G‡jI AmZK© †m wb‡R‡K cwiw¯ wZi nv‡Z †Q‡o w`‡q m¤ú~Y© wbwj©ßfv‡e †U‡¤úvi R‡b¨ cy‡iv
c_UzKz †i‡L wKbvi a‡i nuvU‡Z _vKj bv-kø_ bv-`„p cv‡q| n‡Z cv‡i Pvj‡Ki e¨vcv‡i Zvi
hrmvgvb¨ fv‡jv aviYv Zv‡K Ggb wbwj©ß-wbe„Ë-wbivZ¼ _vK‡Z mnvqZv KiwQj| wVK mvg‡b
G‡m iv¯‭vq AvovAvwofv‡e †U‡¤úvwU Zvi c_ †iva K‡i _vgj| GB c_‡iv‡ai e¨vcviwUI wK
Pvj‡Ki Awb‪QvK…Z? Ans‡evaRvZ Af¨v‡mi e¨vcvi nIqvI Am¤¢e bq! PvjK †b‡g G‡m
Zvi gy‡LvgywL ùvov‡Z-bv-ùvov‡ZB mKj wØav I wm×v‰‭‡K AwbwðZ Ae¯ vq †d‡j †i‡L
c~e©vci wKQz bv-†f‡eB bv-nK AvZw¼Z mv‡ci g‡Zv Zwo‡Ø‡M Suvwc‡q coj †m Pvj‡Ki
Dci| cÖwZ-Avµg‡Y wKsev cÖwZ‡iv‡a PvjKI...| kvjvi Rxeb, hvI, MíKv‡ii M‡íi
evmiN‡i|
Kvgi ¾vgvb Rvnv½xi evsjv †QvUM‡íi Rwg‡b wbR¯^ GKwU Nivbv •Zwi K‡i‡Qb|
Zuvi Mí ¯^c′ bq, eyèy` bq, bq nvwm-ZvgvkvI| wb‡iU †c‡i‡Ki Mí, Rxeb
bqÑRxebhvc‡biI Mí| kw³gvb Kj‡g, ms‡e`x g‡b c‡iv¶ Rxe‡bi Rvj ey‡bb wZwb|
ÔgvwUeDÕ M‡íi wk‡ivbv‡gB Rvnv½x‡ii g‡bvf‚‡Mv‡ji cÖKvk| AvìRvb gvwUeD| gvwUeD
AvìRvb nvwi‡q †M‡Q| Zv‡K LyuR‡Z †ei n‡q‡Q bvqK| cÖavb PwiÎ DËgcyi ‡l MíwU
†j‡L| LyuR‡Z LyuR‡Z LvbvL‱`K cvi n‡q gvwUeD‡qi GKUv mÜv‡b MíKvi †kl ch© ‰‭ †cu․‡Q
hvq Avgv‡ì KzPKvIqvR evwnbxi GjvKvq| Zvici? Avgiv †Zv RvwbB ILv‡b †M‡j
gvwUeDiv wK wdi‡Z cvi‡e? ZviciI MíKv‡ii †kl AvL¨vb †R‡b wb‡Z cvwi welqwU cvIqv
bv-cvIqvi M‡íi Kvwb©m †_‡KÑ
...†mB †nv‡U‡j AveviI hve g‡b Ki‡jI Avwg Zv cvwi bv| KviY Gi gy‡LB wmwKDwiwU
Mv‡W©i RvqMvq ùvov‡bv Av‡Q KzPKvIqvR evwnbxi m`m¨| †h †Kv‡bv KvK-c¶x wfZ‡i
XzK‡jI mgw‰^Z evwnbxi K¨v¤úcÖav‡bi wjwLZ AbygwZ jvM‡e! A_ev ivóª KZ…©K ¯^xK…Z †Kv‡bv
WvwÊ KvW© †`Lv‡jI Pj‡e| gv_vi †Kvb& Mfx‡i GKUv AvIqvR, GKUv k‡ãi †Ljv eq|
ayjvevwji g‡Zv Ny‡i-Ny‡i WvwÊ kãwU Avwg ey‡Si wfZi Avb‡Z †Póv Kwi| GKvË‡ii cvÄvwe
•mb¨‡ì Avbv‡MvbvqI WvwÊ kãwU ïb‡Z †cZvg| GBme fve‡Z fve‡Z Avgvi kixi-gb
GK AemZvq wbg¾b nq| Avwg AveviI GKB iv¯‭vq †diZ Avwm| weAviwUwmi wfZ‡i
gvwUeD‡qi g‡Zv †mvnbcyi‡Nulv KvD‡K Lyu‡R †ei Kiv Avi RbM‡Yi agK LvIqv GKB
e¨vcvi| Avwg Avgvi g‡bi h‰¿Yvq nuvU‡Z _vwK| †RvQbvi cÖve‡j¨, cvZvi duv‡K-duv‡K
ayjvevwji AveiY †_‡K iv¯‭vi cÖwZ KYvq Zv‡K Avwg LyuR‡Z _vwK| hv‡K cvB Zv‡KB Zvi
K_v wRMvB‡Z _vwK| wK‰‧ †KD Ggb gvby‡li K_v ej‡Z cv‡i bv| †Kv‡bv GKKv‡j Ggb
gvbyl wQj wKbv ZvI KzPKvIqvR evwnbx mivmwi AMÖvn¨ K‡i| Ggb †KD nq‡Zv †mvnbcyi
†_‡K GLv‡b Av‡mwb! Avwg LvgvLv †Kv‡bv GK gvwUeD‡K LyR u wQ!
cvVK cvV K‡i‡Qb †Zv! GKvË‡i cvÄvwe •mb¨‡ì Avbv‡MvbvqI ÔWvwÛÕ kãwU ïb‡Z
†cZvg| RjcvB iO me i‡Oi wei ‡× meKv‡j, me‡`‡k| wbix¶v, wbix¶v Avi wbix¶v
†LvKb Kvqmv‡ii cÖej MímËv| GB mËvi †fZ‡i †LvKb Zvi M‡íi AvL¨vb iPbv K‡ib|
Zvi M‡íi PwiÎ¸‡jv †Pbv Ges A‡Pbvi Kzqvkvq wKQzUv Avov‡j _v‡K, Avevi Kv‡jv Av‡jvq
wLjwLj nvwm‡Z MíI Ki‡Z cv‡i| ci¯úi D‡ëv‡mªv‡Z †b․Kv fvmv‡bvi g‡Zv Avqvkmva¨
wkíiPbvq †LvKb Kvqmvi Abe`¨, MwZkxj, †mB m‡½ mskqvQb′I e‡U| Ô†Pv‡L Pkgv eM‡j
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BU †`‡ni gv‡S iwOjv evMvbÕ Mí GKLvb wK‰‧ Gi g‡a¨ Dc-bvg wZbLvb| cÖ_gLvbv
bvgnxb, wØZxq LvbvÑÔw`j `wiqvi gv‡S Av‡Q AvRe KviLvbvÕ Avi Ô†k‡l Wze‡j †g‡j fvm‡j
†g‡j bvÕ| A_©vr †LvKb Kvqmvi wZb cvLbv w`‡q GKwU cswL evbvB‡Pb| cswL gv‡b Mí|
Zuvi M‡íi †fZ‡i wZbwU avivi wg‡k‡j GKwU M‰‭e¨, Am¤¢‡ei Mí|
†hgb : ...BDmyd fvB Kb †Zv, Lqei MvwR †jvKUv †`L‡Z †Kgb?
BDmyd fvB gqgyi we″iv eqmKv‡j †hgb K‡i K_v e‡j †Zgb K‡i e‡jb, Lqei
MvwR †jvKUv †`L‡Z B‡jKwUªK wgw¯¿i g‡Zv| B‡jKwUªK wgw¯¿‡ì †Pnviv †Kgb nq †m
m¤ú‡K© kniev‡mi Kvi‡Y GKUv aviYv Avgv‡ì M‡o D‡V‡Q| aviYvUv GiKgÑB‡jKwUªK
wgw¯¿‡ì †Pnviv, UªvK WªvBfvi Avi wiKkvAjv‡ì †Pnviv‡K †hvM K‡i `yB w`qv fvM KBiv hv
cvIqv hvq †miKg| MwYZkv¯¿I wVK G gyn‚‡Z© †Pnviv wbg©v‡Y mnvqZv w`‡Z e¨_© n‡j k¤¢y
cv‡ji kiYvcb′ nB| Av‪Qv, cvjÑRv‡bb Lqei MvwR †jvKUv †`L‡Z †Kgb?
Lqei MvwR †`L‡Z Avi †KgbÑGB a‡ib †evqvj gv‡Qi g‡Zv| k¤¢y cv‡ji K¨vRyqvj
Mjv, DRvBb′v †evqvj †`L‡Qb| Avlvp-kªveY gv‡m bqv cvwb‡Z †evqvj gvQ fvBm¨v DU‡Z
`¨vK‡Qb? gyLUv‡i †Kgb K‡i `¨v‡Lb bvBÑg¨v‡j-†ev‡R, g¨v‡j-†ev‡RÑLqei MvwR †`L‡Z
HiKg! Zv-I hLb Lqei MvwR‡K wPb‡Z e¨_© nB, ZLb k¤¢y cv‡ji D‡Ï‡k g‡b g‡b wLw¯‭
SvwoÑÔaykkvjv k¤¢y cvj, Zzwg Rv‡bv P¨v‡Ui evj|Õ ZLb A‡bKUv †hb e¨_©Zvi Møvwb XvKevi
†Póvq gwiqv n‡q ewj, GLb ZvB‡j DwV, ivZ n‡q †M‡Q, evmvr hvBMv...| †Pbv A‡Pbvi `yqvi
†Lvjv I e‡Üi gv‡S Mí, M‡íi Qjvr Qjvr †XD †Kgb cvkv †L‡j‡i...|
ïi  †_‡KB cÖejfv‡e gvbyl-msjM′ MíKvi bvwmgv Avwbm| ¶z`ª ¶z`ª Rxe‡bi iƒc I
iƒcv‰‭i, Av‡jv I AÜKvi, Avb‱` I welv` Zuvi M‡íi f~‡Mv‡j AuvK‡Z †Póv K‡ib| Ges
mwZ¨ ej‡Z wK wZwb mv_©KI e‡U| Ôwcw`‡gi nwewl¨Õ MíUvB Zvi cÖgvY| wcw`g gviv †M‡Q,
Zvi Rb¨ eªZ cvjb Ki‡Q ¯¿x ïfvivYx| nvq, hv‡ì Rxe‡b mÜ¨vq R¡‡j bv Av‡jv, †L‡Z cvq
bv fvZÑZv‡ìI †invB †bB cÖPwjZ cÖ_vi wb‡KvwUb †_‡K| Zvi Av‡M cÖk′ÑAvwèvmx
wcw`‡gi Kx n‡qwQj? bv, wcw`‡gi wKQzB nqwb| Zv‡K ivRbxwZi ev‡N †L‡qwQj| ¶gZvi
`‡Ê `wÊZ n‡qwQjÑ
...c~RvN‡ii mvg‡b wcw`g wÎk~j k‫‫‬L wb‡q †Kej G‡m‡Q, Q‡bi RxY© c~RvN‡ii wkegw‱`‡i
hyeK K…òKv‰‭ †MuvmvB AvR g‰¿ †`‡e, wÎk eQi eqm †Mj wcw`‡gi g‰¿ †bqv nqwb| 25 Ni
ey‡bv Avwèvmx Ro n‡e, g‰¿ cv‡e A‡b‡KB| ivZ GMvi n‡j n¨vRvK R¡vjv‡q Av‡qvRb P‡j
g‰¿ †bqvi, wVK ZLbB Av‡m ev`kv mv‡n‡ei cvU-¸`v‡gi cvnviv`vi `yÕRbÑwcw`g Avi
Avsï‡K mv‡ne WvK‡Qb, Ri wi K_v Av‡Q| -GZ iv‡Z wKwmi ìKvi? KvR Kiwj mKv‡j
hvev‡b| ï× e¯¿ civ g‰¿MÖnYB‪Qy wcw`g MuvB¸uB K‡i, Kvj hv‡e, m°v‡j hv‡e| Avsï e‡j,
Avwg †`‡L Avwm, KvKv _v‡Kb| ‭bv wcw`g‡KI hvwZ ej‡Q| GB hvwe Avi Avmwe| Nvo ch©‰‭
jwZ‡q cov Pzj, myVvg‡`nx Z‱`ªvjy †Pnvivi K…òKv‰‭ †MuvmvB Avi³ †Pv‡L †jvK `y‡Uv‡K ciL
K‡i Pg‡K I‡V, hvm‡b nZfvMv, wec` †`LwZ cvw‪Q| NÈvLv‡bK ci wcw`g Avsky Av‡m,
fvOv‡Pviv †`n †U‡b †U‡b| wcw`‡gi †Kvg‡ii nvo †f‡½ jojo K‡i Avi Asïi †M‡Q Klv‡b
P‡ii Nv‡q gvwoi `y‡Uv ùvZ| 100 gY Mg Pzwii Rb¨ GB gvi wKQyB bv...cywj‡k w`‡ev †Z‡e
eySwe| †fv‡i ey‡bvcvovi Mv †Nu‡l ev`kv mv‡n‡ei †jv‡Kiv Zvi `yB gvbyl mgvb DuPz cÖvPxi
fvdz Lv‡bKUv, †m c_ w`‡q †mi cuv‡PK Mg wQUv‡Z wQUv‡Z ey‡bv‡ì Ni ch©‰ ‭ P‡j Av‡m|
267
Zvici Av‡m cywjk, †di wcw`‡gi fvOv †Kvg‡i `wo c‡o, Avsï Aek¨ cvjvq Zvi Av‡MB|
ev`kv mv‡n‡ei Ggbaviv gwZ nj K¨v? K¨v Avevi Kx, DWv Ibvi B‪Qv...
AvjnvR Ggwc ev`kv mv‡n‡ei ivRbxwZ‡Z ïfvivYx, Asï, wkev wbt‡kl n‡q hvq|
†Kej PwiÎ n‡q †eu‡P _v‡K bvwmgv Avwb‡mi M‡í| Kvgi j nvmvb mnR M‡`¨ M‡íi kix‡i
Mí ey‡bb| Zuvi M‡í RwUjZv bv _vK‡jI, Rxe‡bi i × Rvbvjv Ly‡j †`qv I eÜ Kivi cÖqvm
_v‡K| GKwU N‡i A‡bK gvby‡li AvZ¥K_‡bi wbweo ch©v‡jvPbvi wel _v‡K M‡íi Wvjcvjv
Qwo‡q|
Ôduv`Õ g~jZ kvixwiKfv‡e AZ…ß GK gv I Zvi †g‡qi Mí| gvSLv‡b Xz‡K c‡o GK
hyeK Zievwii g‡Zv| GLb GB Zievwi‡Z wQb′ n‡Z Pvq gv Ges †g‡q| wKfv‡e N‡U GB
my‱ì me©bvk ZviB wbLyuZ eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb Ôduv`Õ M‡í Kvgi j nvmvb| GKRb hyeK‡K wN‡i
`yÕbvixi GB wbwl× †Ljv †kl ch©‰‭ wb‡R‡ì Kv‡Q D‡b¥vwPZ nq ms‡Mvc‡b, AÜKv‡i|
...Lye m‰‭c©‡Y hye‡Ki kh¨vi gkvwi Zz‡j wZwb †fZ‡i Gwj‡q †`b wb‡Ri Acivax
A_P ZvwM`m¤úb′ kixi, AÜKvi nvZ‡o GKwU nvZ Lyu‡R cvb Ges Zv Avj‡Zv gy‡Vv K‡i
a‡ib| †Ui cvb †mUv †Kv‡bv cyi ‡li mej KK©k nvZ bq, GK big igYxq nv‡Zi ¯úk©
Zv‡K †hb we`y¨ZvwqZ K‡i, wZwb AvZu‡K I‡Vb| Zvi mg¯‭ KvgR D‡ËRbv gyn~‡Z© wgB‡q
Av‡m| cvM‡ji g‡Zv nvZ‡o †`‡L wb‡Z Pvb nv‡Zi kvLv †_‡K †h †`‡ni ïi  I Zvi KvÊ,
Zvi Ab¨ mKj Wvjcvjv †Zgwb bgbxq, †Zgwb KwP wKbv| ZZ¶‡Y wK‡kvix †R‡M D‡V‡Q, gv
†`‡L †d‡j‡Qb GB f‡q Avi AvZ‡¼ †m givi g‡Zv wbt¯ú‱`b c‡o _v‡K, †hb A`„k¨ n‡q
†h‡Z Pvq IB Kv‡Vi †d«‡gi †fZi| gv †`‡Lb eénxb e„‡¶i b¨vq AveiYnxb GK big hyeZx
kixi AÜKv‡ii Pv`‡ii †fZi kvwqZv| †g‡q m‡i †h‡Z Pvq, wK‰‧ gv Zv‡K †hb ey‡Ki
m¤ú` iv¶‡mi nvÕ‡qi †fZi, GK SUKvq Zz‡j Av‡bb Avi wgwk‡q iv‡Lb ey‡K| gv‡qi
ey‡Ki †fZi G‡m Kw¤úZ †g‡qwU †Ui cvq gv-I Zvi g‡ZvB cÖvq AveiYnxb| gaïv‡Zi åv‰‭
Kvgbviv †kliv‡Zi wng¯ú‡k© m¤£v‰‭ n‡q Av‡m Avi Pvwiav‡i Zv‡ì Amnvq wech©¯‭ †`nmxgv
wN‡i GK ¶gvnxb duv` Szj‡Z _v‡K|wewe †_‡K †eMg-G AvwKgyb ingvb wbR¯^ Nivbvi
¯^v¶i †i‡L evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Zvi mvnmx AvMgbevZ©v Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb| Zvici †_‡K wbR¯^ wP‰‭v
I Awb‱`¨ cÖKi‡Y M‡íi ci Mí wj‡L P‡j‡Qb wbi¼zk •PZ‡b¨| Zuvi Mí wfb′ ¯^v‡ì, Ab¨
gv‡Vi| A‰‭‡j©v‡Ki †cvov Av¸‡b Zuvi Mí K_v Kq, nv‡m, bv‡P Ges we`ªƒc K‡i| ÔDivayiv
KvKc¶xivÕ M‡í AvwKgyb ingvb Zuvi •PZ‡bï AwaKv‡i wbô †_‡K, iƒcK AvkÖ‡q, KvKc¶xi
†ivPbvgPvq Abe`¨ Mí Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb| KvKc¶x‡K hw` gvbyl awi Ggb nZfvM¨ Rb¥,
†eu‡P _vKvÑgvbemgv‡Ri Rb¨ cvc| wK‰‧ ZviciI gvbemf¨Zv cÖwZw`b †mB cvc nvm‡Z
nvm‡Z K‡i P‡j‡Q Aweivg| KvKc¶x fvB-†evb Avi gv-ev‡ci msmv‡i †eu‡P _vKvi
jovB‡qi †fZi gvby‡li Rxeb XzwK‡qB w`‡jB MíwU c„w_exi cÖvq mv‡o `yB‡kv †KvwU ¶zavZ©
wKsev GK‡ejv †L‡q _vKv gvby‡li M‡í iƒcv‰‭wiZ nq|
...fvB Avgv‡i e‡j, `¨vLÑwb‡P AB †h Kx Rvwb †`Lv hvq! †ivR, GB mgq gvby‡liv
GBUv Kx Rvwb iv‡L ABLv‡b! Kx wRwbm? Avwg Nvo evovB wb‡Pi w`‡K| I! IBUv †db! ivLv
Av‡Q Mvgjvq| gv‡q Avgv‡i ej‡Q GBUv| Avwg fvB‡i ewj| ÔAvwg AB wRwbm LvgyÕÑfvB‡q
wPrKvi w`qv I‡V| Ônvq nvqÑABUv gvbyl †Mv wRwbmÑAvgiv Lvgy K¨vg‡b!Õ Avwg ewj Zv‡i|
ÔGK †VvKi †gv‡L w`gyB w`gyÕÑe‡j fvB‡q| e‡j Wvbv SvcUvwb †`q| Avwg g‡b KwiÑGB
Gg‡b Gg‡bB Ggyb K‡i eywS I| Avwg †P‡q _vwK Ii w`‡K, Avi I K‡i KxÑmyc K‡i jvd
268
gv‡i wb‡Pi †d‡bi w`‡K| Avwg aigy †Kg‡b A‡i! Avwg †Zv †evS‡ZB cvwi bvB Ii g‡bi
AB dw‱`! nvq nvq! Mjv SzuKv‡q w`qv Avwg Zv‡i WvK †Ìqv awiÑfvB fvB wdiv Avq wdiv
AvqÑhvBm bv| fvB‡q Avgvi WvK †i MÖvn¨B K‡i bv| wb‡P †b‡g hvq| Avi wb‡P c‡oB †m
¸wo ¸wo AvMvq †mB †dbfiv Mvgjvi w`‡K| Zvici Kzo‬g `vo‬g †VvKi w`‡Z _v‡K †d‡b|
Dci †_‡K Zvi KxwZ©Kjvc †`L‡Z †`L‡Z K¨vb Rvwb W‡i Avgvi kixi Kuvcv a‡i| AB †Zv
†mv‱ì fvB‡q McvMc †VvKi w`Zv‡QÑAvgvi K¨vb Szg Wi jv‡M! fvB‡q †VvKi †`q Avwg
†`wL, Avi †Kvb `~i †_BKv Rvwb †Mv¯^v nuvKWv‡Ki AvIqvR Avm‡Z ïwb! †Kv_vq Kviv nvgwK
avgwK †`q AZ| Svcmv g‡Zv h¨vb †kvbv hvq Kxme K_vÑnvivgRv`v KvDqv! †d‡b †gvL
w`‡Z AvB‡Qv! †ÌqvBZvwQ †Zvgv‡i †VvKi! `~iA `~iA Avc`Ñhv hvÑVivg K‡i Dovj w`qv
Av‡m GKUv fvix wcuwo Avgvi fvBUvi w`‡K| I †h mi‡ev dzimZUvI cvq bv| †ev‡SB bv Kx
nBZv‡QÑmi‡ev Kx! wcuwoUv AvBmv Ai NvoM`©v‡b AvQvo w`qv c‡o‭_vàym| fvB‡q †gvLfiv
†db wbqv `vcv‡Z _v‡K-`vcv‡Z _v‡KÑDjwU cvjwU w`‡Z _v‡KÑcvLbv `yBUv AvQovB‡Z
_v‡K| Avwg niw`kv n‡q WvK cvo‡Z _vwKÑfvB, fvB, Dovj †` Dovj †`ÑDBÆv Avq DBÆv
Avq †i! fvB‡q Avgv‡i ïb‡ev KB! QUdU aodo Ki‡Z Ki‡Z wbtmvo n‡q hvq| Avwg
Rvbcivb †Vuv‡U wbqv WvK w`‡Z _vwK-Kuv Kuv Kuv Kuv Kuv... nvq KvKc¶x, nvq gvbyl!
†Rmgxb gyb&bx bvMwiK †PZbvi †h․‡M M‡íi KvVv‡gv evQvB K‡ib| bvMwiK Rxe‡bi
†K¬`, wiismv, AatcZb, RwUjZvi Agvem¨vÑZuvi M‡í Zzi ‡ci g‡Zv bv‡P| Mfxi gb‡bi
m‡½ BwZnv‡mi ms‡hv‡M, cwiwgwZ‡ev‡ai wbw³‡Z M‡íi wbKv‡bv D‡Vvb iPbv K‡ib wZwb|
ÔZz‡ZbLv‡gb KóÕ M‡í bvMwiK Rxe‡bi m‡½ a‡g©i Wvjcvjv, GiI m‡½ BwZnv‡mi
Lbb †hvM K‡i cvVK‡ì Awfbe Ges AwP‰‭bxq †ijjvB‡bi wb‡P †V‡j †`b †Rmwgb gyb&bx|
wZZwj beg †kÖwY‡Z co‬qv †g‡q| Zvi gv GbwRÕIi UvKv G‡b my‡` eëmv K‡i|
wZZwji m‡½ g‡bi wgZvwj cvwZ‡qwQj Kzgy Avcy GK GbwRI Kg©x| wZZwji `ytmg‡q †m-I
Kv‡Q †bB, wZZwj †Kv_vq hv‡e? KviYÑAv`‡gi m‰‭v‡biv wK fvB‡evb wQj bv! digyjvq
†d‡j †mwjg `v‡qi †Kvc †`wL‡q †evb wZZwj‡K...| M‡íi †kl cÖv‰‭ cvV
Ki‡ZBÑÔZz‡ZbLv‡gb KóÕ fze‡bi `yqvi Ly‡j hv‡e, KviYÑ†mKv‡jI fvB‡ev‡b †cÖg, weevn,
†m·Ñ¯^vfvweK wQj| Avgv‡ì c„w_exi Zz‡ZbLv‡gbiv Gfv‡e wd‡i Avm‡QÑ†mB Kvgbvi
welv`wmÜz cvi n‡q| †Rmwgb gyb&bxi M‡í ZviB wee„wZÑ
...K_vq e‡j bv, e„wó c‡o wUc wUc, wKw¯‭ wè wVK wVK; Aek¨ wZZwji gv _y°z,
†mwj‡gi gv wn‡m‡e †ewk bv wPb‡jI eo m‰‭v‡bi bvg †mwjg nIqvq †mB †mwj‡gi gv AÄbv
†eMg gv‡Sg‡a¨ Mjv Pwo‡q Avmgvb bvwg‡q Avb‡jI †K‡‱`ªi gvbyl‡ì g‡Zv nuvwo-cvwZj-
bvKdzj-†gvevBj †dvb wb‡q P‡j hvb bv| GZ e¨¯‭ GB gwnjvi †g‡qi †h․ZzK w`‡q we‡q
†Ìqvi dzmiZ bv wgj‡jI my` †L‡Z †L‡Z i‡³i Pvc evwo‡q nvmcvZv‡j mßvLv‡b‡Ki Rb¨
ï‡q †M‡j my‡hvM wb‡qwQj †mwjg| gaïv‡Z weKU AvIqv‡R Nyg †f‡O †M‡j †m wb‡Ri
†PvL‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; wWwfwW‡Z bM′Zv †`‡L, duv‡` cov Bu`y‡ii g‡Zv †PvL †g‡j
e‡j, Avc‡b bv Avgvi gvi †c‡Ui fvB! GBWv Kx K‡ib!Õ Pzc, GK`g gyL eÜ, K_v KB‡j
GK †Kv‡c gv_v bvgvBqv w`gy, fvB-†evb Avevi Kx! Av`‡gi m‰‭v‡biv Kx fvBÑ†evb wQj bv!
wZZwj AvKv‡ki w`‡K PvB‡jv, Zvivwenxb AvKv‡k kx‡Zi Kzqvkv wKQyUv nvjKv n‡jI
DË‡ii evZv‡m Zvi VvÊv jvM‡j †m IobvUv fv‡jv K‡i Mv‡q †cuwP‡q †bq| wKQy `~‡i A‡bK
jvBU †`‡L eyS‡Z cv‡i mvg‡b †Kv‡bv †÷kb| †m wK gvi Kv‡Q wd‡i wM‡q me Ly‡j ej‡e
269
bvwK Avcyi Kv‡Q P‡j hv‡e, bvwK bxi‡e †UªbjvBb ai‡e, fve‡ZB `y‡Uv jvB‡b jvj evwZ¸‡jv
R¡‡j I‡V|
jvjevwZ R¡j‡Q, †Uªb Avm‡Q| wZZwj‡K RjvÄwj w`‡ZB n‡e wb‡R‡K| Avi Gfv‡eB
cÖwZw`b KZ wZZwj‡K †h nvivBÑGKwU M‡í KRb wZZwj‡K Zz‡j Avb‡Z cvi‡eb GKRb
MíKvi †Rmwgb gyb&bx! kvnv`y¾vgvb cÖLi m‡PZb GKRb K_vKvi| Zvi M‡í, Dcb¨v‡m
Rxeb, Dcjwäi †eva Djøv‡mi SuvSv‡jv wgwQ‡ji g‡Zv cvLbv †g‡j| GKB m‡½ Zvi wk‡íi
Ab¨Zg Avavi PjwPÎ m¤ú‡K©I i‡q‡Q wek` aviYv| kvnv`y¾vgvb M‡í, Pwi‡Î, AvL¨v‡b
gvby‡li wbuLyZ gvbwPÎ Auv‡Kb mvejxjfv‡e| †h gvbwP‡Î Avgiv cvB gvby‡li cv‡k cÖPzi
kKz‡bi D ¢vmI| GB D ¢vm‡bi Av‡jvq wZwb Abb¨| hye‡Ki wZbwU wPwVB Ôwg_¨v Zzwg `k
wcucovÕ M‡íi KjKeRv| hyeK cÖ_g wPwVwU †j‡L gv‡K| gv, †Zvgv‡K mk¯¿ mvjvg|
.....cÖwZwbqZB Avgv‡ì ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`qv n‡‪Q, Avgiv †`ki¶vi gnvb `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ
m¤§vwbZ bvMwiK, †`‡ki †kªô m‰‭vb| AZGe, Avgv‡ì Pjv, K_v, fvebv meB n‡e
AbïKg, wewkó| ZvB Awfbe me cix¶v-wbix¶v Pj‡Q Avgv‡ì gb Avi kix‡ii Ici
w`‡q| wWMevwR w`‡Z w`‡Z ewg K‡i †djwQ, NÈvi ci NÈv gv_v wb‡P cv Dc‡i w`‡q _vK‡Z
_vK‡Z AÁvb n‡q hvw‪Q| ....wK‰‧ gv GB †Nvi‡Uv‡ci RxebB wK †P‡qwQjvg
Avwg?...Avgv‡ì cvwievwiK GB †QvÆ wgwQjUv‡KB †Zvgiv Avgvi Kv‡Q eo K‡i Zzj‡j| ...
†Zvgvi g‡b Av‡Q gv, †QvU‡ejvq evev Avgv‡K KwVb me Bs‡iwR k‡ãi evbvi †kLv‡Z wM‡q
GB Ô†jd‡Ubv‱UÕ kãwUI wkwL‡qwQ‡jb| e‡jwQ‡jb, Ôwg_¨v Zzwg `k wcucovÕGB A ¢yZ
evKÜv‡K †K․k‡j Abyev` Ki‡jB evbvbUv cvIqv hv‡e| gvP©cv‡÷i mg‡q g‡b g‡b
evKÜv‡K AvIovB| wØZxq wPwVwU †cÖwgKv‡K| my,....GB †Zv Avi Kw`b c‡i ......, Zvic‡i
†cZ‡ji Zviv, ey‡U LU LU kã Zz‡j DVe RjcvB i‡Oi Mvwo‡Z, Pviw`‡K _vK‡e gyûgy©ûi
m¨vjyU| _vKv, LvIqv, †cvkvK wb‡q fve‡Z n‡e bv †Kv‡bvw`b| Avi hy× hw` †j‡MB hvq,
Avgiv Avi KZ`~i Kx Kie e‡jv? hy× †Zv Ki‡e mvaviY gvbyl, †hgb K‡iwQj gyw³hy‡×|
myZivs Rxeb †gvUvgywU my‡LB KvU‡e| Kuv‡a hLb ÔZvivÕ _vK‡e ZLb ÔkvcjviÕ¯^c′ †`Le,
hLb ÔkvcjvÕ _vK‡e ZLb †`Le ÔZ‡jvqv‡iiÕ ¯^c′| Avi nüv fvewQ Gici GKUv U¨v¼‡KB
cyj w`‡q mvwR‡q nvwRi n‡ev †Zvgv‡ì evwo‡Z| GLb †Zvgvi evev wbðqB Avgv‡K....†Q‡j
e‡j Avi evwZj Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv?
Gev‡i Z…Zxq ev †kl wPwV coe hye‡Ki| g~jZ GB Z…Zxq wPwV‡ZB Avgv‡ì,
evsjv‡`‡ki, Z…Zxq we‡k¦i `wi`ª †`k¸‡jvi †fZ‡ii mvgwiK iƒc Avi iƒcv‰‭‡ii AvL¨vb‡K
eY©vX¨ K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb MíKvi| Z…Zxq wPwVwU wj‡L‡Q hyeK eÜz‡ì Kv‡Q| ZZw`‡b cÖwk¶Y
mgvß|
hyeK eÜz‡ì m‡¤^vab K‡i‡Q wmwfwjqvb e‡j|
Rbve.......cvnv‡oi Dci Ac~e©| wRc, w¯úW‡evU me GLb Avgvi G| G mg‡q G‡j cy‡iv
RvqMvUv PgrKvi Nywi‡q †`Lv‡Z cviZvg| GKmg‡q GLv‡b Avmvi Rb¨ Avgiv `yÕRb KZ
K‡iwQjvg| ZLb XyKevi Rb¨ Abï gyLv‡c¶x n‡Z nZ, Avi GLb Avwg mevB‡K w`B|
......Avi †`k‡mevi K_v hw` ewjm, Avwg †Zv eje AvgivB A‡b‡K †mUv KiwQ|......memgq
g‡Âi evB‡ii †`‡ki Rb¨ KvR K‡i †M‡jI KL‡bv KL‡bv †`‡ki ¯^v‡_©B eva¨ n‡q mivmwi
g‡Â D‡V Avm‡Z nq Avgv‡ì|.......†ewk †PuPv‡gwP bv K‡i GLb †_‡KB Avgvi mv‡_
†hvMv‡hvMUv wVK g‡Zv ivL| AwP‡iB †h Kv‡R †j‡M hv‡e bv †K ej‡Z cv‡i?
270
BwZ
wPwVcvV †kl| Gevi Avgiv fve‡Z cvwi| Avgiv Ôwg_¨vÕ wb‡q fve‡Z cvwi A_ev ÔmZ¨Õ
wb‡q fve‡Z cvwi wKsev nq‡Zv ÔwccovÕ wb‡qI| ÕÕ Avgvi g‡b nq bv, Avgv‡ì †QvÆ GB
†`kwUi AvcvZwbixn RjcvB i‡Oi ùvZvj Ges cvkweK AvZ¥cÖKv‡ki †¶‡Î Avi †Kv‡bv
Zzjbvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q! ivLvj ivnv be″B `k‡Ki Zz‡Lvo MíKvi| M‡íi Rwg‡b ey‡bb gvwU
Avi gvby‡li inm¨gq Rxe‡bi A‡j․wKK Muv_v| wb‡Uvj Avi cwicvwU evK¨KvVv‡gvq Zuvi Mí
GwM‡q P‡j| †Pbv Ges A‡Pbv Av‡jv-AÜKv‡i ivLvj ivnvi Mí cvVK‡ì gvbm gvbwP‡Î
iPbv K‡ib M‡íi weågRvj| be″B `k‡Ki M‡íi Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ Mí Ô†K`vi R`©v‡ii †NvovÕ
M‡íi †P․nwÏ‡Z cvB †Zgb GK AvL¨v‡bi AvL¨vb| ag©xq Avj‡Ljøvq †gvov‡bv Avgv‡ì
mymywßi MÖvgKvVv‡gvi AbvPvi Avi Zvi `» cuvPvwj.....| †K`vi m`©v‡ii `yB eD| †Q‡j‡g‡q
evoevo‰‭| †mB †jvK nVvr bvgvR cov †Q‡o w`‡q‡Q| wK‰‧ eD †cUv‡bv eÜ K‡i‡Q| hv
Av‡M wbqwgZ Af¨vm wQj Zvi| GLb MÖv‡gi gymyjøx‡ì `vq c‡o‡QÑ †K`vi R`©v‡ii bvgvR
cov‡bvi| †hb †K`vi bvgvR bv co‡j Zvgvg `ywbqv Zvgv n‡q hv‡e.....| ivLvj GB M‡íi
KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ wenb′jv mgv‡Ri GKwU PgrKvi Dwé Gu‡K‡Qb| be″B `k‡Ki Ab¨Zg MíKvi
Ave`ym meyi Lvb| GLb wjL‡Qb kvwKi meyi bv‡g| Zuvi M‡í gyw³hy×, MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi
PvjwPÎ, bvMwiK mg‡qi †ivg‰ b RvqMv K‡i wb‡q‡Q| Biv‡bi dviwm mvwn‡Z¨ AR©b K‡i‡Qb
we‡kl cvwÊZ¨| Ôcvjcvovi cÖ`xcÕ M‡í a‡g©i wbM‡o ew‱` gvby‡li k¦vc` †Pnviv cÖKvk
K‡i‡Qb MíKvi| cÖ`xc BDwbqb cwil‡ì †g¤^vi| †m․w` Avie †_‡K Avmv †Kvievwbi cï,
†fovi gvsm eÈb K‡i cÖwZ evwo‡Z cÖ`xc| †m gvsm eÈb wb‡q ag©xq Avj‡Ljøvq gywoZ
†gvnbx VvKz‡ii fvebv I loh‡‰¿i wfZiB Avw` KvVv‡gv cÖKvk cv‡‪QÑ ...ivZfi Gme
fvebvi Zxeª h‰¿Yv‡ev‡a Nygv‡Z cv‡ib bv †gvwnbx VvKzi| kxNÖB GKUv wewnZ Aek¨B Ki‡Z
n‡e| Aag© Avi evo‡Z †`qv hvq bv! g‡b g‡b cÖwZÁv K‡ib VvKzi| GKUv cwiKíbvI
K‡ib g‡b g‡b| Kvi Kvi N‡i gvsmv †`qv n‡q‡Q w`wj‡ci KvQ †_‡K cB cB K‡i Zvi
LeiI †bb wZwb| w`wjc hZ`~i msev` †`q Zv‡Z Rvb‡Z cv‡ib Ae¯ vcb′ †h `yÕPvi Ni wn‱`y
cwievi Av‡Q Zv‡ì Kv‡iv evwo‡ZB gvsm cvVv‡bv nqwb| welqUv GB fvebvi g‡a¨ wKQyUv
¯^w¯‭ †`q Zuv‡K| cÖ`xc‡K kv‡q¯‭v Kivi †gv¶g A¯¿ †c‡q hvb wZwb| †gvwnbx VvKzi hwÌ
wbivwgl‡fvRx ZeyI g‡b g‡b Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb cÖ`xc cvj A‰‭Z m¤§vb i¶vi Rb¨ n‡jI GK
fvM gvsm Zuvi evwo‡Z cvVv‡e| wb‡R bv †L‡jI M„n-cwiPviK w`wjc‡K w`‡Z cvi‡Zb|
kv‡¯¿ †Kv_vI †Zv `y¤^v-gvsm f¶Y wbwl× bq| †Mv-gvsm nq‡Zv f¶Y Kiv hvq bv wK‰‧ `y¤^v-
gvsm †Zv QvM-gvs‡mi g‡ZvB| kv‡¯¿ †Kv_vI †Zv f¶Y wbwl× bq| wK‰‧ Zv-I cvVvqwb
cÖ`xc| NUbvUvq ixwZg‡Zv AcgvwbZ †eva Ki‡Z _v‡Kb VvKzi|...
Mí¸‡jv cvV †k‡l, ¯^w¯‭i wbtk¦vm †dj‡Z bv-†dj‡ZB Nv‡oi Dci Kv‡iv wbtk¦v‡mi
kã †c‡q, Nvo euvKv K‡i ZvKvjvg, Mí nvwmgy‡L Avgvi w`‡K ZvwK‡q| Mí¸‡jv cvV †k‡l
Kx eyS‡jb? AmvaviY GK Abyf‚wZ‡Z Avgvi mËv Av‡jvwoZ| KviYÑÔbe″B `k‡Ki MíÕ
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271
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272
‘A true short story differs from the novel chiefly in its essential unity
of impression. In a far more enact and precise use of the world, a short
story has a unity as a novel cannot have it’.
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273
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•¯îkvmb, `xN©Kvjxb Av‡‱`vjb Ges eZ©gvb cÖvq GK `kK a‡i MYZ‰¿-•¯îZ‰¿ wgwjZ GK
kvmbeë¯ v| GZ mewKQy Zvi c‡¶ MÖnY eR©b mwZ¨B GK Zvj‡Mvj cvKv‡bv e¨vcvi| GZ
†Mj wbRf‚‡g, cif~‡g mgvRZvw‰¿K †`k¸‡jvi G‡Ki ci GK cZb, gy³evRvi A_©bxwZi
†Rvqvi, †`‡k †`‡k hy×, wew‪Qb′Zvev`x GKUv kw³i µgvMZ DËiY, ag©xq †g․jev`x kw³i
DÌvb, Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv‡Z miKv‡ii mgv‰‭ivj GbwRI bvgK Avi GK †Mvwôi D ¢e
Ges GB GbwRI¸‡jvi c„ô‡cvlK Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv‡Z mvnvh¨`vbKvix abx †`k¸‡jv|
D‡Ïk¨ †Zvgiv bv-†L‡Z †c‡q g‡i hvI, Avgv‡ì GB abev`x we‡k¦i wei ‡× we‡`ªvn K‡iv,
Avgiv PvB bv| Zvi Ici wek¦e¨vsK mKj‡K ej‡Q, Zzwg GB Ki‡Z cvi‡e, H Ki‡Z cvi‡e
bv| GZwKQy †f‡O ejv KóKi| Avgiv mK‡jB Zv cÖZ¨¶ KiwQ Ges Rvwb| †h wkïwU
¯^vaxbZvi K‡qK eQi c~‡e© Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Q; †m †`L‡Q GZme NUbv, nq‡Zv eZ©gv‡b Zvi
†PZb g‡b GZwKQy †bB wK‰‧ Ae‡PZ‡b i‡q †M‡Q meUzKz| Zvi fq, AvZ¼, Awek¦vm,
¯^v_©ciZv, wecb′Zv BZ¨vw` wb‡q †m cwic~Y© gvbyl n‡q D‡V‡Q| †m †Kv‡bv GK wecb′ we¯§‡qi
Zvobvq Mí wjL‡Q|
Zvi M‡íi iƒc Kx, MívL¨vbUv †Kv_vq? wek¦ GwM‡q Pj‡Q| Db¥y³ ivóªxq mxgvbv,
Z‡_ï Aeva Qy‡UvQywU| gZev‡ì ci gZev‡ì D ¢e Ges cZb| †Kv‡bv wKQy‡ZB w¯ iZv
†bB, A‡bKUv †QvU‡ejvKvi †mB Qovi g‡Zv, †g․gvwQ †g․gvwQ †Kv_v hvI bvwP bvwP/ ùvovI bv
GKevi fvB/ IB dzj dz‡U e‡b/hvB gay Avni‡Y/ ùvovevi mgq †Zv bvB| gvby‡li ùvovevi
mgq †bB, †m µgvMZ Qy‡U P‡j‡Q GK RvqMv †_‡K Av‡iK RvqMvq, Zv kvixwiK wKsev
gvbwmK †h †¶‡Î †nvK bv-†Kb| µgvMZ Qy‡U Pjv‡Z †m n‡q co‡Q wek¦Rbxb| Zvi †Kv‡bv
Avevm †bB, †Kv‡bv wkKo †bB| †m wQb′gj ~ | KPzwi`vg †hiƒc †f‡m †eovq gvbylI †Zgwb
n‡q co‡Q, †f‡m †eov‡‪Q| kvw‰‭ †bB! kvw‰‭ †bB, kvw‰‭ †Kv_vq? wecb′ mËv wb‡q wdi‡Z
PvB‡Q| wK‰‧ †m Rv‡b bv Zvi AZxZ †Kv_vq? †Kv_vq wkKo? †KvwU †KvwU eQ‡ii †h-
AwfÁZv, †h-ms¯‥…wZ enb Ki‡Q wRb, Qy‡UvQywU K‡i †eov‡‪Q i³cÖev‡ni g‡a¨, †m nVvr K‡i
wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb| †m †gjv‡Z cvi‡Q bv, GK cv, `y cv, mvZ cv, `k cv, †Kv‡bv MvwYwZK
k„‫‫‬Ljv †bB hv †m AvZ¥¯  K‡i m‡½ m‡½ Zvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Z cv‡i| †m Nygv‡Z hvIqvi Av‡M
276
fv‡e GK, ¯^c′ †`‡L GK, Avi mKv‡j D‡V K‡i Avi-GK| GKRb †evam¤úb′ gvbyl hvi wK-
bv mg¯‭ wKQy‡K MÖnY Kivi Avðh© GK wekvj ms‡e`bkxj gb •Zwi n‡q Av‡Q, †m mg¯‭
ms‡e`b‡K MÖnY K‡i †evanxb n‡q co‡Q| evMv‡b AmsL¨ dzj RuyB, †ewj, †Mvjvc,
KuvVvjPvcv Mv`vMvw` VvmvVvwm| †Kv‡bv GKK dz‡ji myevm †Kv‡bv gvby‡li c‡¶ MÖnY Kiv
†hiƒc Am¤¢e; eZ©gvb Kv‡ji Mí¸‡jv cvV Ki‡jI †miƒc †Kv‡bv Mí cvIqv KóKi n‡q
ùvov‡‪Q| †m-M‡í †h Mí †bB Zv bq; Av‡Q, nvRv‡iv Mí wg‡j GKUv Mí ùvwo‡q hv‡‪Q|
nvRviI †PZbvi GKUv gvby‡li cÖwZiƒc wgj‡Q| A_©vr Mí¸‡jv eûgvwÎK n‡q ùvov‡‪Q|
Avgiv me wgwj‡q nq‡Zv GKUv Mí cvw‪Q wK‰‧ †m-Mí ûeû c~e©eZ©x‡ì Mí¸‡jvi g‡Zv bq|
A‡bKUvB Avjv`v| wKsev ïay eY©bvi ci eY©bv, wKQy LÊ LÊ wPÎ| †jLK cvVK‡K †V‡j w`‡Z
Pv‡‪Qb †jLvi †fZ‡i, GB †Zvgvi mvg‡b Dcw¯ Z Kijvg, †`L Qyu‡q, †Kv_vI wK ¯ú‱`b
cvI? wKsev ej‡Q, †`L †Zv ai‡Z cv‡iv bvwK? GKUv †MvjKauvavq †dj‡Z PvB‡Q| A_©vr
Zvi †h gvbwmK RwUjZv, Aw¯ iZv Zv cvV‡Ki gv‡SI mÂvwiZ Ki‡Z PvB‡Q| †m ej‡Z
ej‡Z wKQyUv En¨ †i‡L hv‡‪Q; cvVK‡K `vwqZ¡ w`‡‪Q, fwi‡q bvI †hgb Lywk| A_©vr G Zvi
Pwi‡ÎiB GKUv w`K| cÖwZw`bB ARmª NUbvi Rb¥ n‡‪Q wK‰‧ †jLK Zvi g‡a¨ †_‡K GKwU
wKsev `ywU‡K MÖnY Ki‡Qb, †hwU Zv‡K me‡P‡q †ewk Av‡jvwoZ Ki‡Q Ges Zvi g‡a¨B wZwb
†mB ARmª NUbv Rvwb‡q w`‡Z Pv‡‪Qb| A_©vr †QvUM‡íi †h GKgywL cÖeYZv, GKUv Zz½
Ae¯ vq wb‡q hvIqv, Zv Avi me‡¶‡ÎB gvbv n‡‪Q bv| wewfb′ euvK, cÖwZ c‡` c‡` Zv‡K
e¨vnZ Ki‡Q, Avi Kv‡j Kv‡j GB gvbwmK weeZ©‡bi d‡jB †QvUM‡íi msÁv-m~Î cv‡ë
hv‡‪Q Ges fwel¨‡ZI hv‡e, G‡K †iva Kivi †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB hZw`b| GB †kªwYKvVv‡gv
GKUv ¯ vqx iƒc bv †b‡e, GB ivRbxwZ wKsev A_©bxwZ GKUv w¯ i RvqMvq bv wM‡q ùvov‡e|
cÖvY g~jZ GK †Mvcb myMÜ
cÖvY Kx? hw` cÖk′ Kiv nq, Z‡e cÖk′Uv †hfv‡e Kiv †Mj DËiUv †evaKwi †mfv‡e Avkv Kiv
AmgxPxb| Avm‡j †Kv‡bv wKQy‡Z cÖvY _vK‡j Avgiv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvwi| G DcjwäRvZ
e¨vcvi| cÖZ¨¶ Kivi e¨vcvi| Avgv‡ì mËvi g‡a¨ Ggb wKQy m~² †eva Av‡Q hv Øviv Avgiv
cÖvq mn‡RB Zv‡K kbv³ Ki‡Z cvwi| Aek¨ †¶Î we‡k‡l †mB Zx¶èZv wKsev wKQyUv
AmvoZv Avgiv j¶ Kwi| GUv †Kb nq? Ggb cÖk′ DV‡j DËiUvI RwUj n‡q c‡o| GK
K_vq wK Zv ejv m¤¢e? AwfÁZv, wK‡mi AwfÁZv? †`Lvi, bv Rvbvi? Avevi cÖk′ DV‡e|
Gfv‡e cÖ‡k′i ci cÖk′| Z‡e DËi¸‡jv ms‡¶c Ki‡j wKQyUv GiKg ùvovqAwfÁZv, Ávb,
cwi‡ek, cÖK…wZ GiKg K‡qKwU wel‡qi Ici Zv wbf©ikxj| A_©vr cÖvY Av‡Q wK †bB, Zv
aviYv wKsev Rvbvi RbÏ Avgv‡ì‡K h‡_ó cwigvY †eM †c‡Z nq| Avgiv bvwo wU‡c †`wL,
ey‡K Kvb cvwZ, Kv‡P wbtk¦v‡mi Dcw¯ wZ ciL Kwi, ZvcgvÎv †`wL, KZiKg wKQy Kwi Avi
me wg‡j Avgiv cÖvY _vK‡j †PuwP‡q DwVcÖvY Av‡Q, cÖvY Av‡Q| cÖvY Av‡Q †Zv Avkv Av‡Q,
cÖvY †bB †Zv Avkv †bB| G †hgb gvby‡li †¶‡Î †Zgwb M‡íi †¶‡ÎI| GB cÖvY _vK‡jB
GKUv gvbyl cÖvYe‰‭ n‡q I‡V, welv`vi³ n‡q I‡V, gvivgvwi K‡i, SMov K‡i| †m me
cv‡i| Avi cÖvY bv-_vK‡j †m wbR©xe, Amvo| †m g‡i †M‡Q| M‡íi †¶‡ÎI ZvB| Avi Zv
Kv‡iv Kv‡iv M‡í _v‡K e‡jB Avgiv g‰‭e¨ Kwi, M‡í cÖvY Av‡Q| Avi †jLK Rv‡bb M‡íi
kix‡i Kxfv‡e cÖvY‡K Qwo‡q w`‡Z nq| Avi Qwo‡q w`‡j Zvi djvdj Kxfv‡e msNwUZ nq|
277
Avgiv Rvwb †jLK k‡ãi gva¨‡g M‡í †m-cÖvY‡K Qwo‡q †`b? Avgiv cÖwZw`bB kã eënvi
Kwi, †KD evRv‡ii wnmve wjwL, †KD `wjj wjwL, KZ wKQyB-bv Kwi| †m¸‡jv wb‡q wK
Avgiv wPw‰‭Z? Avgiv wK ewj †m¸‡jv mvwnZ¨? bv, ewj bv| KviY †m¸‡jv wkí n‡q DVevi
Rb¨ hv hv cÖ‡qvRbxq Zvi meUzKz c~iY K‡i bv| wkí hLb wkwíZ n‡q I‡V, †m․‱`h© m„wó
Ki‡Z m¶g nq, ZLb Avgiv Zv‡K mvwnZ¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kwi| G †gvUv `v‡Mi K_v, m~²
`vM¸‡jv we‡klY bv-B ev Kijvg| Zvn‡j, ïay wjL‡jB Zv mvwnZ¨ n‡q DV‡Q bv| DV‡Q bv,
†Kbbv Avgiv •`bw‱`b †h kã¸‡jv eënvi KiwQ, †jLKiv †m-kã¸‡jv eënvi Ki‡jI
Ggbfv‡e Ki‡Qb †h Zv cÖwZw`‡bi A_© †_‡K gy³ n‡q Avjv`v GKUv e¨Äbvq Avgv‡ì
mvg‡b cÖwZfvZ n‡‪Q| wZwb cÖvZ¨wnK c‡o _vKv kã¸‡jv‡K hLb cvkvcvwk mvwR‡q evK¨
MVb Ki‡Qb, Zv †hb Avgv‡ì AvU‡c․‡i kã _vK‡Q bv Avi| e`‡j hv‡‪Q Zvi A_©| wZwb
†mB k‡ãi g‡a¨ Zvi AwfcÖvq, Awfe¨w³i GKUv M~p mËv XzwK‡q w`‡‪Qb| †jLv GwM‡q
Pj‡Q| nVvr †nuvPU| bv! bv! GwK! †Kv_vq †hb Q‱`cZb! Avgiv wK KweZv cowQ? bv, M`¨
cowQ| M‡`ï Avevi Q‱` Kx? M‡`ï Q‱`, Zvi MwZ I fw½| Avi G MwZ, fw½ w`‡qB Avgiv
G‡KKRb †jLK‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvwi| iex‱`ªbv_ †hfv‡e wj‡L‡Qb, Awgqf‚lY †mfv‡e
wjL‡Qb bv| kã hw` Zviv GKB eënvi Ki‡Zb Zey Zv‡ì ¯^vZ‰¿¨ j¶ Kiv †hZ| †Kbbv
Zv‡ì MwZ Ges fw½B Avjv`v| GKR‡bi †jLvi mv‡_ †h-iKg Ab¨ Kv‡iv †jLvi, ejvi
mv‡_ †h-iKg Ab¨ Kv‡iv ejvi| ¯^‡ii †h ZviZg¨, Zv‡Z mn‡RB Avgiv G‡K Ac‡ii
Mjv‡K wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvwi, †KD AbyKiY Ki‡jI ai‡Z Amyweav nq bv †h, G ¯î Zvi wb‡Ri
bq, bKj| Avm‡j Avgv‡ì g‡bi †h Kvb Av‡Q Zv‡Z GB m~², m~² cZb¸‡jv Gwo‡q hvq
bv| †Zv, GB M‡`ï fw½Uv Kx‡mi Ic‡i wbf©i K‡i? Avgiv Abygvb K‡i wb‡Z cvwi Zv wbf©i
K‡i †jL‡Ki mvgvwRK, mvs¯‥…wZK, ivR‣bwZK i wP Ges hv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i †jLv Zvi
evPbfw½i g‡a¨ wbwnZ|
be″B `k‡Ki hviv MíKvi, hviv G msKj‡b A‰‭f©³ y n‡q‡Qb Zv‡ì Mí wb‡q GKUv
Av‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv †h‡Z cv‡i|
1 Pv›`y eqvwZ g‡b K‡i Avnvi Lv‡`ï Pv‡cB cÖvY g‡i hvq| Av‡jv nvIqvi ¯úk© bv †c‡q
Avnv‡ii i‡m cu‡P, mKj i‡Ü« i‡Ü« Lv`¨KYv i‚×× K‡i iv‡L fv‡ei c_, `„wó ïay AuvKzcuvKz
K‡i Lv‡`ï †Luv‡R, Lv`¨B cÖv‡Yi kÎ‚| Pv›`y eqvwZ †h‡nZz e‡j, †RebWv nB‡jv bvI,
bvI‡qi g‡Zv fvBmv P‡j| ... (¶zav, mv` Kvgvjx)
Avgiv mv` Kvgvjxi Mí cvV Ki‡j j¶ Kie, Zvi M‡í cÖK…wZ I gvbyl A½v½xfv‡e hy³ n‡q
I‡V Ges wZwb AZ¨‰‭ `¶Zvi mv‡_ Zvi gvbyl‡ì wPÎ A¼b Ki‡Z m¶g nb Ges Zv‡ì
m~² m~² A‰‭ie„wË¸‡jv‡K PgrKvifv‡e Avgv‡ì mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡ib| mvgvwRK Ae¶q,
•bivk¨, ¯^v_©ciZv, ag©vÜZv Ges cÖ_vwei × g‡bvwe‡klY ZxeªZv jvf K‡i Zvi M‡í|
2 ...ÔKZ Avi †evSv eB KI!Õ...Gevi †m gwj‡Ki Av‡iv Nwbô, nv‡oi wbweo ggZvq jvRyK
jZvi g‡Zv Rov‡bv; wdmwdm Av`y‡i Mjvq †hb weovj Qvbv, ÔivM Ki‡Qv! ... KZ eQiB‡Zv
SzBjv _yBwQ| jvf AB‡Q!...
wmZvivi `yevûi eÜ‡b ZLb RMZ msmvi fzjv‡bv ggZv, Avb›`, AvKv“¶v! †m gy‡Li Kv‡Q,
†Vuv‡Ui Kv‡Q †VuvU QuyB‡q iv‡L; ÔZzwg Avgvi gi` bv ...ZzwgB Avgvi KeR†Mv!Õ... (KeR
cyivY, AvKgj †nv‡mb wbcy)
278
AvKgj †nv‡mb wbcyi Mí¸‡jv‡Z GKwU A‡e‡nwjZ Rbc‡ì wPÎ Avgv‡ì mvg‡b g~Z© n‡q
I‡V| Avi †mLvbKvi gvby‡li eÂbv, cxob, •bivk¨, Avkvf‡½i †e`bv Zvi cÖwZwU M‡íi
cvZvq cvZvq Qwo‡q _v‡K| Zvi `„wókw³ mwµq, Kwâi †Rv‡i AwZ mvaviY NUbv Zvi M‡í
cvq Avjv`v e¨vwß|
3 ...†RuvK! Pg‡K I‡V †m| Kv`vgvLv cv‡q Ggb fv‡e †j‡M Av‡Q †h †evSvi Dcvq †bB|
cv‡k R‡g _vKv cvwb‡Z †m Kv`v-gvwU ay‡q †bq| cwi®‥vi †`Lv hvq Gevi| †RuvKB †Zv,
kvjvi †RuvK Avevi KKzb bvM‡jv„`ynvZ w`‡q †m mgv‡b UvbvUvwb Ki‡Z _v‡K| ...(Drcv`K
†µZv Ges we‡µZv‡ì Mí, ivLvj ivnv)
GKwU wbw`©ó Rbc‡ì †L‡U LvIqv gvby‡li Kvwnbx wb‡q Mí wj‡Lb ivLvj ivnv| wZwb
wb‡g©vnfv‡e †m-me gvby‡li Rxeb hvc‡bi ev¯‭ewPÎ AuvK‡Z AuvK‡Z mgvR I A_©bxwZi
MfxiZvq Avgv‡ì‡K wb‡q Dcw¯ Z K‡ib| Zvi M‡íi PwiÎ¸‡jvi gy‡L Avgiv †mB Rbc‡ì
fvlv ïb‡Z cvB| A‡c¶vK…Z wbPzZjvi Rxeb †_‡K wZwb gy‡³v Kzov‡bvi g‡Zv Kzwo‡q Av‡bb
MÖvgRxe‡bi wb‡Uvj me Mí, hv Zvi Mfxi ggZvq, AuvP‡o wek¦vm‡hvM¨ n‡q I‡V|
4 ... Avevj¨ gvwb‡Ki `yÕ‡Uv ¯^cœexR gM‡R jy°vwqZ wQj-ev‡Ni wbR¯^ gvwjKvbv I †Pv‡L
Pkgv civ| G ch©š„ 1g ¯^‡cœi †Kv‡bv BwZevPK Kvh©KviY †bB Z_vwc ev‡Niv µgk wbwðý
¯’‚j gvby‡li nvm¨Ki cÖwZfvq| 2q ¯^cœ Ae¯’vwbK Kvi‡Y AwZµg †hvM¨| Ges ïaygvÎ †Pv‡L
Pkgv co‡e GB ¯^‡cœ Avµvš„ gvwbK †Pv‡Li mg~n me©bvk Kivi Av‡qvR‡b evjwLj¨
AvPiYmn mg¯„ Kvh©Kix cÖ‡Póvq weåvš„ nq| ... (gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Pkgv, †ivKb
ingvb)
†ivKb ingv‡bi Mí¸‡jv‡Z cÖPwjZ A‡_© †Kv‡bv Mí †bB| hv Av‡Q Zv nj Pwi‡Îi
gb¯‭vwË¡K we‡klY| nvnvKvi, nZvkv, e¨½-we`ªƒc Gme bO&_©K cÖK…wZ Zvi M‡í UvbUvb|
Rxe‡bi wbôziZv, iƒp ev¯‭eZv, gvby‡li †jvf, kVZv, ¯^c′, ¯^c′f½, gvby‡li A‡avMgb,
cvkweKZv Zvi M‡í D¾¡j|
5 ...iv‡Zi †kqvj¸‡jv wØZxqevi †W‡K P‡j hvIqvi c‡i D‡V ùvwo‡q †Q‡j‡K ey‡K Zz‡j wbj
ev‡iK| Suvc †V‡j N‡ii evB‡i hvevi mgq GKevi ZvKv‡jv Ki‚Y Nygš„ byievbyi w`‡K| wZb
cÖn‡ii †kqvj WvK‡jB †ivR Nyg cvZjv n‡q Av‡m byievbyi| cvk wd‡i †Q‡ji Mv‡q nvZ
†Ìqv ZLb Zvi A‡f¨m| AvR‡K nvZ evov‡jB †Q‡ji e`‡j byievbyi nv‡Z †VK‡e KoK‡o
GK Zvov †bvU| (`vm ci¤úiv, RvwKi ZvjyK`vi)
RvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii Mí¸‡jv cvV Ki‡j Avgiv †`Le wZwb KLbI cyivY‡K Avkªq K‡i
Avgv‡ì eZ©gvb mg‡qi ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ I mgvReë¯ vi cÖK…Z iƒc‡K wPwÎZ Ki‡Qb,
Avevi KLbI Avgv‡ì PZzc©v‡k¦© N‡U hvIqv MZvbyMwZK NUbv‡K †Pv‡L AvOyj w`‡q Zvi
†fZ‡ii cÖengvb †e`bv¸‡jv‡K Avgv‡ì mvg‡b Zz‡j ai‡Qb| Ab¨vq, †kvlY, †cÖg I Cl©v,
gbyl¨Z¡ I c`öjb BZ¨vw` gvbweK †`vl-¸Y¸‡jv‡K wZwb Rxeb-AwfÁZv wb‡q Abyfe K‡ib,
D×vi K‡i Av‡bb †mBme cÖZ′PwiÎ|
279
6...Iiv Avgvi †PvL-gyL †eu‡a †djj| †f‡ewQj, Avwg `vcv`vwc K‡i I‡ì
KvR‡K KwVb K‡i Zzje| wKš‘ Avwg wQjvg we¯§qKifv‡e w¯’i, APÂj|
Avwg ZLb wU‡bi †eovi Mv‡q Qwei g‡Zv †mu‡U _vKv GKwU wUKwUwKi †PvL
ch©‡e¶Y KiwQjvg AR©y‡bi j¶¨‡f‡ì GKvMÖZvq| Avi GKwU K_v,
wUKwUwK Avgvi Kv‡Q GK Mfxi †K․Z‚n‡ji welq| †hgb, MZ cuvPw`‡b Avwg
Kgc‡¶ c‡biRb‡K wR‡Ám K‡iwQ †h, wUKwUwK Avm‡jB Lbvi wRf †P‡U
†L‡qwQj wKbv! ... (wMjvd, mvKx †gvnv¤§`)
mnR-mijfv‡e mvKx †gvnv¤§` Zvi Mí‡K Avgv‡ì mvg‡b Dc¯ vcb K‡ib| Zvi Mí cvV
Ki‡j †`Le wZwb hv ej‡Z Pvb my¯úófv‡eB ej‡Z m¶g nb| wZwb cÖK…wZi g‡Zv Zvi
PwiÎ¸‡jvi `ytL, Avb‱`, †e`bv¸‡jv‡K mnR mijiƒ‡c Avgv‡ì mvg‡b Dcw¯ Z K‡ib| Zvi
M‡í GKUv Mí Avgiv †c‡q _vwK; wZwb Mínxb Mí †j‡Lb bv| Zvi M‡í K…wÎgZvi ¯ v b
†bB, Av‡Q mnR mij mv`vwm‡a M‡`ï mvejxj wePiY|
7 ...Wvqwbs †¯úm †_‡K Pvg‡Pi m‡½ Kv‡ci †c․bcywbK Nl©‡Yi kã AvmwQj| Zvi g‡b nj
GKUv g„Zzï NUbv, KB, Zvi †kvK Z c„w_exi wKQy‡K gy‡Q w`‡Z cvij bv| eis g„Z e¨w³wUi
Avkcv‡ki gvbyl, hviv RxweZ, Zv‡ì Avnvi-wb`ªv PjvPj †mB †kvK‡K KZ ZvovZvwo,
†NvlYv QvovB gy‡Q w`‡q‡Q| †m fvej,„IB e¨w³, hvi g„Zzï R‡b¨ †m wb‡R‡K `vqx g‡b K‡i,
Zv‡K Z †m fzj‡Z cvi‡Q bv : m½g QvovB hvi Nyg nq, †m †Kb IB NUbvi ci Ny‡gv‡Z
cvi‡Q bv, ... (nvq †cÖg, g„Zz¨ I D¾¡jZv, gvby‡li, PÂj Avkivd)
PÂj Avkiv‡di Mí¸‡jv cvV Ki‡j Avgiv †`Le, †mLv‡b me wKQyB †hb wew‪Qb′, KvUv
KvUv| GUvi mv‡_ Avi GKUvi †hvMm~Î AZ¨‰‭ wkw_j wK‰‧ kw³kvjx| wZwb Pwi‡Îi †fZi
†_‡K mewKQy‡K †`‡Lb d‡j Zvi Mí¸‡jv‡Z e¨w³K Ø‱Ø, †h․bZv, wek¦vm, wbwj©ßZv cÖKU n‡q
I‡V| Zvi PwiÎ¸‡jv wbgM′, wbtm½ Ges AvZ¥a″smx cÖeYZvq Nvo ¸u‡R _v‡K| Zvi M‡í
A‡bK K_vB En¨ †_‡K hvq ev‡Kï Avov‡j| gb¥qZv Zvi A‰‭tmËvq| cvwicvwk¦K © Rxeb-
wfZ& †_‡K wQb′gj~ , A‡bKUvB A‰‭e©×| KLbI KLbI Kve¨cÖavb n‡q I‡V Zvi fvlv|
8 ...PwK‡Z m‡PZb n‡q †mv‡jgvb †Kwe‡b Pvco gvi‡Z _v‡K Avi f¨v‡bi
D‡Ï‡k¨ wLw¯„ †Quv‡o| I¯„v` DrmvwnZ n‡q GKUv‡b f¨vbUvi cÖvq Mv †Nu‡m
Ifvi‡UK K‡i| bv wbb AvB‡m bvB †mv‡j| ZvB‡j f¨vb †L`vBj †Kgb
Kwi| wbb AvB‡m bvB kveb~‡ii iƒ‡c fzjv bvMwQj| †mv‡jgv‡biI †Zv eD
bv‡M bvwK I¯„v`! Wve-Wve eyKAjv| †eW‡dv‡W©i gZb wkjv ewW Avi
A‡kvK‡jj¨v‡Ûi gZb DuPv †Kweb nIqv bv‡M Zvi| w¯ú‡WvwgUvi,
dz‡qjwgUvi nvweRvwe my×vq PKPKv nIqv bv‡M| bv‡M wK bv‡M bv? ... (eo
iv¯„vi Dc‡i GKUv UªvK, gvneye †gv‡k©` )
cÖ_‡gB GKUv-†Kv‡bv wel‡qi cÖwZ gvneye †gv‡k©` cvV‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y Kwi‡q †bb Zvici
cÖm½ †_‡K cÖm½v‰‭‡i P‡j hvb| g~j †_‡K mi‡Z mi‡Z GKmgq NUbvB cÖ‪Qb′ n‡q c‡o
Ges GKwU e³e¨ D¾¡j n‡q I‡V nxiK L‡Êi g‡Zv| wZwb eY©bvcÖavb| wZwb Zvi †ewkifvM
M‡íB wb‡R Dcw¯ Z _v‡Kb, UzwKUvwK Z_¨ w`‡q MícvVK‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ib| Zvi Mí iƒcK-
Avkªqx| iƒc‡Ki †fZi w`‡q wZwb Avgv‡ì gv‡S cÖwZ¯ vcb K‡ib Zvi e³e¨|
280
9. †jvKwUi ejevi fw½ PgrKvi| nv‡Ui †klcÖv‡š„ gv›`vi Mv‡Qi wb‡P Zvi Avmi| e„Ëve×
Av‛Qbœ `k©‡Ki †cQ‡b wM‡q ùvovq hyeK wPwKrmK| †jvKwU Avm‡ii mevB‡K †ek A™¢zZ
GKUv Mí †kvbvq| ... (Beªvnxg e‡·i mvK©vm, kvnv`y¾vgvb)
kvnv`y¾vgvb g~jZ kvnwiK †jLK| Zvi Mí¸‡jv cvV Ki‡j †`Le, Zvi PwiÎ¸‡jv
†ewkifvMB bvMwiK wKsev ejv hvq; hvi †fZ‡i A‰‭N©vZ m„wó n‡‪Q †m bvMwiK| Avi
Zv‡ìB g‡bvRM‡Zi Ø‱Ø, msNvZ, Avkv, AvKv‫¶‫‬v wb‡qB Zvi Kvwnbx M‡o I‡V| kû‡i
wkw¶Z ga¨we‡Ëi •ebvwkK †PZbv Zvi M‡íi †fZ‡i cÖevwnZ| Zvi fvlv, PwiÎwbg©vY, M‡íi
Avw½K Ges cwi‡ek‡bi †K․kjwU wewkóZvi `vwe K‡i|
10 ... Avwg gvwU‡Z c‡o hvB! Avi †mB cÖ_g Avwg Avgvi kw³ nvwi‡q †dwj| †`n †_‡K
wew‛Qbœ n‡q Avgvi mg¯„ kw³ iƒcvš„wiZ nq GK kw³we›`y‡Z, Pjš„ I avegvb we›`y| GB
kw³we›`y Lye `ª‚Z MwZ cwieZ©b K‡i| Avi Avgvi †eva wcQy wcQy avIqv K‡i! ... (PZz_© gvÎv
†hvM PZz_© mËv-1 : wKQy mgq g„Z wQjvg, wgR©v Zv‡ni Rvwgj)
GKRb AbymÜvbx †jLK wgR©v Zv‡ni Rvwgj| wZwb Zvi M‡í weÁv‡bi wKsev †jvK †Kv‡bv
wek¦v‡mi UzwKUvwK Z_¨ wKsev m~Î †`b Ges †mB Z_¨, Z‡Ë¡i Avov‡jB wZwb M‡íi Kvwnbx
we¯‭vi K‡ib| Zvi M‡í AwfbeZ¡ Av‡Q, A‰‭g©‡bi inm¨ ev wek¦inm¨ D`&NvU‡biI GKUv
cÖqvm Avgiv j¶ K‡i _vwK| wZwb AwZ‡PZbev`x MíKvi|
11. cvov †_‡K GKUz `~‡ii gv‡V bvovi Av¸‡bi cv‡k e‡m DòZv wb‡‛Q Iiv| gvqvgq G
Av‡jvq Nievwo¸‡jv‡K g‡b n‡‛Q Qwei g‡Zvb| Iiv e‡m Av‡Q †Mvcv‡U, †Mvcv‡Ui Pviw`‡K
mwilv †LZ njy` mwilv Avi †mvbvwj Puv‡ì Av‡jv wg‡jwg‡k GKvKvi| Iiv †hLv‡b e‡m
Av‡Q Zvi †_‡K `w¶‡Y I‡ì cvov, DË‡i gv‡Vi ci gvV, cy‡e b`x, cwð‡g gvV †cwi‡q
†ijjvBb| w`bv‡š„i K¬vš„ gvby‡liv gMœ Mfxi Ny‡g| ... (†`ª․c`x I Zvi †cÖwg‡Kiv, ivRxe b~i)
ivRxe b~‡ii Mí¸‡jv wfb′gvÎvi, wfb′ ¯^v‡ì| wZwb eZ©gvbKv‡ji Kvwnbx eY©bvi cvkvcvwk
cyivY I iƒcK_v BZ¨vw` Abyl½‡K M‡íi †fZ‡i Ggbfv‡e XzwK‡q †`b †h Zvi eY©bv ZLb
eûgvwÎK n‡q ùvovq| ïay M‡íB wZwb ¶v‰‭ _v‡Kb bv, PwiÎ¸‡jvi bvgKi‡Yi †¶‡ÎI wZwb
G we‡kl-avivwU eRvq iv‡Lb| Avi ZLb Avgv‡ì cwiwPZ gvbyl¸‡jvI †hb n‡q c‡o
cyivYPwiÎ| fvlv eënv‡ii †¶‡ÎI wZwb h‡_ó m‡PZb|
12 ...Rqbyj GK-GKw`b †fZ‡i †fZ‡i cÖPÊ †i‡M hvq| wb‡Ri Dci bq, Puv‡ì Dci|
gvqvex Av‡jvi Rv`y‡Z fzwj‡q fvwj‡q Puv` gwiq‡gi bMœZv Dc‡fvM K‡i GB †f‡e| Avãyj
n‡Ki m‡½, Puv‡ì m‡½ ZLb Rqbyj‡K hy× Ki‡Z nq| ... (Puv‡` cvIqv GKRb Rqbyj,
gvmy`yj nK)
gvmy`yj n‡Ki M‡í ev¯‭e i ¶ Rxeb-K_viI cvo wN‡i Kuv‡c A‰‭tkxj Kwe g‡bi cÖKvk|
Zvi Mí¸‡jv mgvRgywL, RxebgywL n‡q I‡V| MÖvgxY mgvR-cwi‡ek-jvwjZ mnR mij cÖZ¨q,
cÖZ¨vkvi †hvMv‡hvM Zvi M‡í Avgiv cÖZ¨¶ Kwi|
13 ...MíwU wQj GKRb gv I Zvi GKgvÎ mš„v‡bi| mg¯„ w`bgvb, c‡ii evwo‡Z kªg †e‡P
G‡m mš„vb‡K ey‡Ki DòZvq †U‡b wb‡q cqM¤î Avw¤^qvi mZ¨Kvwnbx †kvbv‡Zv gv, Avi mš„vb
281
Ny‡gi †`‡k Wze‡Z Wze‡Z gv‡K g‡b KiZ Zvcmx iv‡eqv, mZx, mvaŸx, cweÎ Ges gv m¤¢eZ
mš„vb‡K fve‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †kL dwi`, AbyMZ, mvaK, avwg©K| ... (b¨vs‡Uv gvbyl, kvn&bvR gybœx )
kvnbvR gyb′xi Mí¸‡jv cvV Ki‡j †`Le wZwb mg‰^qev`x| bvix-cyi ‡li †h mvgvwRK Ae¯ vb
Zv †_‡K wZwb Zvi M‡íi bvwqKv‡ì gy³ Ki‡Z Pvb Ges cyivY‡K Avkªq K‡i Zvi Mí¸‡jv
wZwb Avgv‡ì mvg‡b eqvb K‡ib| gvbweK †ev‡ai gva¨‡g wZwb bvixgyw³i K_v e‡jb|
†kvlK Ges †kvwl‡Zi Ø‱Ø, bvix Ges bvix g‡bi wPi‰‭b AvKzjZv Zvi M‡íi Dcv`vb| Zvi
fvlv Kvwe¨K|
14 ...gv‡qiv evievi G‡mwQj| eywS‡qwQj, e‡jwQj msnZ n‡Z| wKš‘ Avgv‡ì ivbxiv Ajm
n‡q c‡owQj| Avgiv ey‡SwQjvg... civRq AZ¨vmbœ! ZLb Avgiv `yB‡evb XzKjvg cweÎ
¸AvjvKzBRvi ¸nvq; †m_vq ¯„‚cxK…Z wQj gwY-gy³v, nxiv-RniZ I hyM-hyMvš„i| ¸nvi
†`qv‡j †`qv‡j wPwÎZ wQj gv‡q‡ì Qwe| ... (`yB †evb I GKwU †ngš„, Aw`wZ dvêybx)
Aw`wZ dvêybx hLb e‡jb, ZLb Zvi ejvUv Avi `kR‡bi ejvi g‡Zv nq bv| wZwb m¤ú~Y©
wfb′| mgKvjxb M‡íi Avw½K Ges welqe¯‧i †P‡q wZwb wKQyUv wfb′Zi| GLv‡bB Zvi
AwfbeZ¡; wZwb mn‡RB cvV‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z m¶g nb| Zvi Mí cv‡V Avi GKUv
w`K cÖKvwkZ nq †h, wZwb e„nr †cÖ¶vc‡U Zvi Mí‡K eyb‡Z cQ‱` K‡i _v‡Kb| Avi ZvB
Zvi Mí¸‡jv †ewkifvM †¶‡ÎB Dcb¨v‡mi `vwe K‡i _v‡K| Zvi M‡íi MVb‣kjx Zvi wb‡Ri
Ges A‡bKUvB wdPvi ÷vBj|
15 ...mPivPi hv nq weMÖ‡ni mvg‡b mvóv‡½ cÖYvg K‡i IVvi c‡i †Pv‡Li †Kvbvq Rj R‡g
wKš‘ Zuvi †¶‡Î mvaviYZ Zv nq bv| cÖYvg †m‡i D‡VB gv Kvjxi d‡Uvi wb‡Pi w`‡K †h-
RvqMvq cv, gvwUi Quv‡P-Mov j²xg~wZ©i cv‡qi Kv‡Q, VvKzi AbyK‚jP‡›`ªi euvav‡bv d‡Uvi
cv‡qi Kv‡Q Qyu‡q `yB nv‡Zi cuvP-cuvP `k AvOyj GK K‡i Kcv‡j †VKvb| Zvi ci †Mvcv‡j
weMÖ‡ni cv‡k ivLv MxZv wb‡q Ly‡j, †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †g‡j a‡ib; Aek¨ Gi Av‡M Pkgv c‡i
†bb|... (eywoi MvQ, cÖkvš„ g„av)
cÖkv‰‭ g„avi †ewkifvM MíB MÖvgevsjvi gvby‡li AvPvi, wePvi, wek¦vm, Avkv-f½ BZ¨vw`‡K
†K‱`ª K‡i M‡o I‡V| wZwb MÖvgxY Rxeb m¤ú‡K© cÖZ¨¶ I cy‫‫‬Lvbycy‫‫‬L AwfÁZvq wm³ e‡j
g‡b nq| Zvi fvlv mij| wZwb cÖ_vwcÖq MíKvi|
16. GZ Kv‡Q ¯¿x, †kjx, ï‡q A_P Zv‡K Abš„ `~‡i ¯’vwcZ †Kv‡bv bvixi cÖwZK…wZ e‡j g‡b
nq, Zvi, Rvgv‡bi| G †hb fzj K‡i `¨vLv †Kv‡bv ¶wYK ¯^cœ A_ev †mB my`~i •K‡kvi
†ci‚‡bv m`¨-Zvi‚‡Y¨, eÜz‡ì m‡½ wg‡j †Pv‡L ev‡qv‡bvKzjvi jvwM‡q AbwZ`~‡ii †Kv‡bv
evwoi w`‡K ZvwK‡q _vKv; †Pv‡L jvMv‡Z bv jvMv‡ZB Ab¨ †Kv‡bv eÜz Ô†`wL †`wLÕ K‡i †mwU
†K‡o-wb‡j `yÕGKwU gyn~‡Z©-Mov `„k¨ wd«RW n‡q †h‡Zv| ... (Dcmsnvi, Avngv` †gv¯„dv
Kvgvj)
Avngv` †gv¯‭dv Kvgvj g~jZ kni‡Kw‱`ªK Mí‡jLK| Zvi Mí¸‡jv cvV Ki‡j †`Le, Zvi
PwiÎ¸‡jv †ewkifvMB bvMwiK Avi Zv‡ìB g‡bvRM‡Zi Ø‱Ø, msNvZ, Avkv, AvKv‫¶‫‬v wb‡qB
Zvi Kvwnbx M‡o I‡V| Zvi fvlv, PwiÎ wbg©vY, M‡íi Avw½K Ges cwi‡ek‡bi †K․kjwU
cÖ_vwm× KvVv‡gviB Abymvix|
282
17. mwjgywÏi eD Ry‡jLv ev‛Pv we‡qvj e‡U, wKš‘ gvm `y‡qK †h‡Z bv-†h‡ZB Zvi ey‡Ki `ya
me dzwi‡q †Mj| ev‛PvUv GLb Kx †L‡q euv‡P? Ry‡jLvi GB wb`vi‚Y cÖ‡kœi Reve bvB|
Avmgvb-Rwg‡bi gvwjK Ry‡jLv I Zvi wkïwUi GiKg †eKvq`v Ae¯’v †`‡L gyP‡K nv‡mb|
Avi Zv‡Z fxlY ivM nq Ry‡jLvi| Avjøvni eoB Lvg‡Lqvjx K‡i Ggb K_v Zvi ey‡Ki g‡a¨
†e‡R P‡j| ... (`ya, gwkDj Avjg)
gwkDj Avjg-Gi Mí¸‡jv‡Z Avgv‡ì mvg‡b wKQy welq g~Z© n‡q I‡V †hgb, gvby‡li eÂbv,
cxob, •bivk¨, Avkvf‡½i †e`bv Ges GK ai‡bi AwZ‡j․wKKZv| Zvi mwµq `„wó Ges AwZ
mvaviY ejvi fw½‡Z mvaviY NUbvI cvq Avjv`v e¨vwß|
18 ... wekvj QvDwbi wb‡P †÷k‡bi Av‡jvq BZ¯„Z Ny‡i †eov‡bv hvÎx‡ì g‡aÏ nq‡Zv hv
Av‡Q †KvbIfv‡e, mevi g‡a¨B †h we¯§q Av‡jvi g‡Zv weu‡a _v‡K, †mB AvKw¯§KZv,
wPicwiP‡qi †fZi AcwiP‡qi †h So, †miKg GK evqyN~wY©i †fZi Avgvi KzKzi Ges Avwg
ùvwo‡q _vwK| †ij‡÷k‡b| nVvr †hb em‡š„i evZvm I‡V| ... (g„Zz¨wPwýZ †gN, ivqnvb
ivBb)
ivqnvb ivB‡bi Mí¸‡jv‡Z †h †Kv‡bv Mí _v‡K-bv Zv bq| Z‡e AwZwi³ †h welqwU _v‡K
Zv nj Pwi‡Îi GKai‡bi we‡klY| wZwb we¯‭…Z cwim‡i Zvi Mí¸‡jv‡K wPwÎZ K‡i _v‡Kb|
Rxe‡bi wbôziZv, iƒp ev¯‭eZv, ¯^c′, ¯^c′f½ Zvi M‡í D¾¡j|
19. IB cvnv‡oi DuPy wUjvq hLb m~‡h©i Av‡jv I Zvc c‡o ZLb Zvi eY© nq Mvp njy`, GZ
njy` †h †mvbvwjI ejv hvq| N‡ii Qv` `vbv`vi k‡mï wPKb Dw™¢` w`‡q cÖ¯‘Z n‡q‡Q, †ek
Nb Avi †Rviv‡jv| GK SuvK cvwL Qv` †_‡K km¨ `vbv Luy‡R †c‡Z e¨_© n‡q D‡o hvevi ci
Avgvi `„wó Ges Dcw¯’wZ cÖKvk nj|... (†cgv I †_bWze, ivRv mwn`yj Avmjvg)
ivRv mwn`yj Avmjvg hLb wj‡Lb, ZLb Zvi †jLvUv n‡q I‡V m¤ú~Y© wfb′| mgKvjxb M‡íi
Avw½K Ges welqe¯‧i †P‡q wZwb wKQyUv wfb′Zi| GLv‡bB Zvi AwfbeZ¡; wZwb mn‡RB ZvB
cvV‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y Ki‡Z m¶g nb|
20. evwogq †mvi‡Mvj DVj, ivZ †cvnv‡bvi mv‡_ mv‡_| †hb mK‡j GKB mv‡_ mKvj
nIqvi A‡c¶vq wQj| AÜKvi wd‡K n‡q G‡j MÖvg †R‡M DV‡Z ïi‚ K‡i, ZLb| MÖv‡gi
RgvU wbieZv LvbLvb K‡i w`‡q gv‡S gv‡S NygfvOvwb cvwLiv †W‡K I‡V| ay‡jvwU Rwg‡Z gB
w`‡Z w`‡Z wRnŸv Zvjy UvKivq †VwK‡q V-o-o, nvU&-nvU&-evq-evq K‡i †Mi‡¯’i Kvgjv| cvwL
I Kvgjv‡ì ¯„äZv †Quov Gme kã mg~n‡K †X‡K w`‡q †mvi‡Mvj µ‡gB †Rviv‡jv n‡q I‡V|
... (nv‡m jwL›ì, †LvKb Kvqmvi)
†LvKb Kvqmv‡ii Mí¸‡jv mgvRgywL, RxebgywL n‡q I‡V| Zvi ev¯‭e `„wó, wb‡g©vn AwfÁZv
mgvR I e¨w³i mgm¨vi Mfx‡i Abvqv‡m †cu․‡Q hvq| MÖvgxY mgvR I cwi‡ek jvwjZ mnR-
mij cÖZ¨q, cÖZ¨vkv Zvi M‡í `„ó nq|
21. †ek¨v, eviewbZv, iw¶Zvi †Kv‡bvwUB bq; mZxmvaŸx, Kzjbvix, M„nj²xI Zv‡ì ejv P‡j
bv‭Z‡e wZwi‡kvËi, wZwik-c~e© GB †g‡q¸‡jv Kviv! G cÖkœ wKš‘ bMievmxi g‡b GKeviI
283
Av‡m wb| Avm‡Z cviZ| Av‡m wb| Zvi KviY GB bq †h, AvMš‘‡Ki e¨vcv‡i †K․Z‚nj
Zv‡ì wkóvPvi-we‡ivax, A_ev ag©xq weavb, kv‡¯¿i ePb cibvix‡Z Zv‡ì wb‡g©vn K‡i
†i‡L‡Q| ... (Abvgœx, kvnxb AvLZvi)
kvnxb AvLZv‡ii Mí¸‡jv cvV Ki‡j †`Le wZwb bvixev`x| bvixi †h mvgvwRK Ae¯ vb Zv
†_‡K wZwb Zvi M‡íi bvwqKv‡ì gy³ Ki‡Z Pvb| gvbweK †ev‡ai gva¨‡g wZwb bvixgyw³i
K_v e‡jb| bvixg‡bi wPi‰‭b AvKzjZv Zvi M‡íi Dcv`vb|
G msKj‡b A‰‭f©³ y cÖ‡Z¨K MíKv‡ii Mí †_‡K K‡qKwU jvBb GLv‡b Zz‡j a‡i
Ges Zv‡ì cÖeYZv m¤ú‡K© gZvgZ †`qvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| ïay En¨ †_‡K †M‡Q m¤úv`‡Ki
Mí| Gevi cÖm‡½ wd‡i Avmv hvK| †Kv_vI wK cvIqv hv‡‪Q k‡ãi gvÎv, e¨Äbv, fvlv I
Avw½‡K wfb′Zv? g‡b n‡‪Q wK cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB ev‡Kï Muv_ywb GK? fve, fvlv, MwZ, fw½ GK?
wbðq bq| G‡KK Rb G‡KK ¯^‡i ej‡Qb, Zvi wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i ej‡Qb| GiKg wewfb′
†jLv †_‡K Avgiv mn‡RB †jL‡Ki •ewkó¨‡K c„_K Ki‡Z cvwi| MwZ, cÖK…wZ, fw½‡K ai‡Z
cvwi| ZviciI †h-K_vwU †_‡K hvq‭me †jLv‡K cvV K‡iB wK Avgv‡ì gb Z…ß nq? nq bv|
†Kb nq bv? GLv‡bB jy°vwqZ cÖv‡Yi PwjòzZv| cÖvY GK RvqMvq †_‡g _vK‡j Zv Ro‡Z¡iB
j¶Y| GLv‡b iYwRr `v‡ki GKwU KweZvi D‡jøL cÖvmw½K we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i, A‡b‡Ki
aviYv/ Mv‡Qi cÖvY Av‡Q|/ Avwg wek¦vm Kwi bv|/ hw` mwZ¨B cÖvY _vKZ, Zvn‡j/ †KvbI GK
†gNjv `ycy‡i/ †mB MvQ Qy‡U wM‡q/ cÖZx¶viZ Av‡iKwU MvQ‡K/ Rwo‡q aiZ AvKw¯§K, AÜ
Avwj½‡b|/ G ¶gZv hvi †bB, †m †Zv wbwðZB Roe¯‧|/ G wel‡q, †Zvgvi Kx gZ?/
(MvQ‡K †jLv wPwV, iYwRr `vk)| ïay LÊ LÊ cÖv‡Yi ¯ú‱`b _vK‡jB P‡j bv, Zvi g‡a¨
PwjòzZvI _vK‡Z nq| Avi ZvB Avgv‡ì gv‡S †h-†jLv¸‡jv cÖvY mÂvi Ki‡Z cv‡i,
Kuv`v‡Z cv‡i, nvmv‡Z cv‡i, welY′ Ki‡Z cv‡i, `k©‡bi w`‡K †V‡j w`‡Z cv‡i Avgiv †mB
†jLv¸‡jvB †jLv wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq|
Mí Av‡jvPbvi ivk Uvb‡ZB n‡‪Q| †Kbbv Ny‡i wd‡i Avgv‡ì mv¤úÖwZK Mí¸‡jv‡Z
mgvReë¯ vi Amg web¨vm, ivRbxwZwe`‡ì ¯^v_©ciZv, RwUj, KzwUj gvbwmKZv, †eKviZ¡,
Awk¶v, m‰¿vm, d‡ZvqvevR‡ì i³v³ wRn″v, GbwRI KZ©…K mvaviY †L‡U LvIqv wbib′
gvby‡li ¯^c′ wb‡q eëmv, mgvR-ivRbxwZ, mvs¯‥…wZK ej‡q bZzb bZzb a¨vb-aviYv, DÌvb-
cZb A_©vr mvwe©K Ae¶q, nvnvKvi M‡íi DcRxe¨ n‡q DV‡Q| hveZxq bO&_©K Ø‡‱Øi
cÖwZwµqv AvR M‡í `„ó n‡‪Q, K‡g hv‡‪Q †cÖggqZv, Djvm| Avi Gme wPÎ‡Y be″B `k‡Ki
MíKv‡iiv KZUzKz e¨_© ev mdj Zv KvjB cÖK…Z wePvi Ki‡e| Avgiv ïay †h-UzKz cvwi, Zv nj
Zv‡ì †jLv¸‡jv †_‡K cÖv‡Yi im MÖnY Ki‡Z, fve‡Z|
†jLK †Zv gv÷vigkvB wKsev mgvRms¯‥viK bq| wZwb †j‡Lb| Kv‡iv R‡b¨ wK
†j‡Lb? wij‡K GKRb bZzb †jLK‡K Dc‡`k w`‡Z wM‡q A‡bKUv GiKg wj‡L‡Qb †h,
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284
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bv-†Kb? wK‰‧ mgm¨v Ab¨Lv‡b, GKUv fv‡jv kã, Rxeb`vbKvix kãI cwi‡ek, cwi‡ekbvMZ
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n‡‪Q Ges Zv‡Z evsjv mvwn‡Zï KZUzKz Kj¨vY n‡‪Q ev bv-n‡‪Q Zv‡Z we‱`ygvÎ wePwjZ bv-
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m¤úv`‡Ki we‡ePbvq Zviv be″B `k‡KiB| Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB MíMÖ‰  cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q G
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†deª“qvwi 2000
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k~b¨ `k‡Ki Mí : cÖZ¨vkv I cÖvwß
m gx i Av n ‡g `
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msKU, Aw¯‭Z¡i¶vi jovB, Ø‱Øgq RwUj g‡bvRMr, hv †KejB wew‪Qb′Zv‡eva I
•btm½¨hvZbvq fvivµv‰‭| k~b¨ `k‡Ki †QvUM‡íI Gi µgwe¯‭…wZ N‡U‡Q| K‡c©v‡iU evRv‡ii
†`․iv‡Z¥¨, AcwiKwíZ eûgywL wkívq‡bi d‡j KjKviLvbvi e‡R©¨ `~wlZ n‡‪Q cwi‡ek|
bMivqb MÖvm Ki‡Q Avevw` Rwg, meyR ebf~wg| gvivZ¥K wech©‡qi gy‡L Avgv‡ì cwi‡ek|
mviv we‡k¦ AvR cwi‡eki¶vi †Rvi Av‡‱`vjb Ae¨vnZ| Avgv‡ì †QvUM‡íI cwi‡ekev`x
†PZbv ax‡i ax‡i mÂvwiZ n‡‪Q|
Db′Z †hvMv‡hvM eë¯ v we‡kl K‡i m¨v‡UjvBU wUwf, †gvevBj, B‱Uvi‡bU eë¯ vi
mv‡_ be″B‡qi `k‡KB Avgv‡ì cwiPq N‡U| k~b¨ `k‡K G‡m G¸‡jvi eënvigvÎv e„w×
†c‡q‡Q eû¸Y| wek¦ AvR Avgv‡ì nv‡Zi gy‡Vvq| wbR¯^ e„Ë †f‡O GLb Avgiv wek¦vq‡bi
g‡a¨ NyicvK Lvw‪Q| e¨w³ GLb wb‡R‡K wek¦vq‡bi Avqbvq ch©‡e¶Y K‡i, Zvi mgm¨v I
msKU Ges m¤¢vebv wb‡q wP‰‭vfvebv K‡i| Z‡e wek¦vqb hZ we¯‭…Z n‡‪Q, Z‡ZvB Avgv‡ì
Kv‡Q hv wKQy GZw`b mZ¨ I my‱ì e‡j g‡b n‡q‡Q, Zv wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv nviv‡‪Q, a‡m hv‡‪Q
Avgv‡ì HwZn¨ I g~j¨‡eva| †hvMv‡hvM eë¯ vq ci¯ú‡ii Kv‡Q G‡mI Avgiv wew‪Qb′,
AvZ¥‡Kw‱`ªK| wbZv‰‭ Amnvq I AmyLx gvbyl| Gme gvbylB Av‡iv wewPÎiƒ‡c D‡V G‡m‡Q k~b¨
`k‡Ki †QvUM‡í|
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Bmjvwg Rw½‡ì DÌvb, Zv‡ì RNb¨ gvbea″smvZ¥K Kg©Kv‡Ê Rvbgv‡ji wbivcËvnxbZvq
AvZw¼Z n‡q c‡o RbMY| Rw½ev`we‡ivax †PZbv Kv‡iv K‡iv Mí D‡V G‡jI Zv h‡_ó bq|
Z‡e GB GKwesk kZvãx‡ZI mgv‡R we`¨gvb gvRvicÖxwZ I AÜ cxiev`x fw³-wek¦vm,
d‡ZvqvevR‡ì gvbeZvwe‡ivax Kg©KvÊ we‡kl K‡i bvix-wbh©vZ‡bi wbg©g wPÎ, wkígwÊZ
e¨Äbvq ¯úó n‡q I‡V k~b¨ `k‡Ki Kv‡iv Kv‡iv M‡í|
GQvov Avgv‡ì gnvb gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv k~b¨ `k‡Ki †QvUM‡íI wewPÎiƒ‡c D‡V
G‡m‡Q| Avgv‡ì BwZnvm, HwZn¨, wek¦vm I g~j¨‡eva k~b¨ `k‡Ki †QvUM‡íi fyeb‡K
K‡i‡Q Av‡iv †ewk mg„×|
mvZPwjø‡k †`k wefvR‡bi ci G‡`‡ki msL¨vjNy wn‱`y‡ì A‡b‡KB fvi‡Z P‡j
hvq| Abyiƒc fviZ †_‡KI A‡bK gymjgvb G‡`‡k G‡m ¯ vqxfv‡e emevm Ki‡Z _v‡K|
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evlwÆ mv‡j `v½vi ci msL¨v-jNy‡ì msL¨v Av‡iv K‡g hvq| GKvË‡ii gyw³hy‡×
cvK‡mbv‡ì AZ¨vPv‡i G‡ì msL¨v Av‡iv n«vm cvq| ZviciI hviv †`k‡cÖk I bvwoi Uv‡b
G‡`‡k †_‡K hvb, Zv‡ì Ici mgv‡Ri m¤ú`‡jvfx ¯^v_©v‡‰^lx gnj, my‡hvM †c‡jB wbh©vZb
Pvwj‡q, G‡`k †_‡K weZvwoZ K‡i Zv‡ì Nievwo, RvqMvRwg `Lj Kivi wewPÎ cuvqZvivq
†g‡Z I‡V| msL¨vjNy wn‱`y‡ì `ytL‡e`bv, ¯^c′f‡½i hvZbv D‡V G‡m‡Q k~b¨ `k‡Ki
A‡b‡Ki M‡í| Pµv‰‭Kvix‡ì gy‡Lvk D‡b¥vP‡bi cvkvcvwk, Avc`Kv‡j msL¨vjNy‡ì cv‡k
ùvov‡bvi g‡Zv we‡eKevb gvby‡li mvnmx f~wgKvI †Pv‡L c‡o cvV‡Ki|
be″B‡qi `k‡K DËivaywbK †PZbv evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡í GKwU bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i‡Q|
hwÌ Zv cvðvZ¨ †_‡K Avg`vwb Kiv| ZviciI GB aviYv‡K gv_vq †i‡L A‡b‡K
†QvUMíPP©v Pvwj‡q‡Qb| euvKe`j NUv‡Z †P‡q‡Qb wb‡R‡ì m„wói MwZc_| KZUv mdj
n‡q‡Qb Zuviv, Zv wbwðZ K‡i ejv bv †M‡jI mgq †_‡K wcwQ‡q †h c‡obwb, mvg‡bi w`‡KB
†nu‡U‡Qb, Zv wbwØ©avq ejv hvq| Z‡e k~‡bï `k‡K DËivaywbK Av‡‱`vjb A‡bKUvB wSwg‡q
co‡jI A‡b‡KB G avivq †QvUMí †jLvi †Póv Ki‡Qb GL‡bv|
†QvUM‡í mvwnZ¨Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qvM‡K․k‡ji bZzb bZzb wbix¶v †hgb be″B‡qi `k‡K
n‡q‡Q, †Zgwb k~b¨ `k‡Ki †QvUM‡íi K_v‡Kvwe`vMY Gw`‡K Av‡iv †ewk gvÎvq Szu‡K
c‡o‡Qb| fvlv cÖ‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î Zviv µgk cÖwgZ ixwZ †Q‡o K_ïxwZ ev gvby‡li gy‡Li
fvlvi w`‡KB Szu‡K c‡o‡Qb| ïay †QvUM‡íi WvqjM wbg©v‡Y bq, AvL¨v‡bi eq‡bI wbtm‡¼v‡P
Zuviv RvqMv K‡i w`‡q‡Qb †jvKR fvlvi| d‡j wewfb′ AÂ‡ji †jvKR fvlvi `vcy‡U Dcw¯ wZ
cvVK‡K wew¯§Z I PgrK…Z K‡i|
k~b¨ `k‡Ki M‡íi Gi Av‡j, Avj †_‡K Rwg‡b, G‡Ki ci Av‡iK †b‡g †h‡Z cvwi Ges
†`L‡Z cvwi Zuv‡ì Pvlvev‡mi Kjv‡K․kj Ges Drcvw`Z dm‡ji †R․jym|
b`xfvOv wbt¯^ gvby‡li h‰¿YvcxwoZ Mí ÔKvj Drme n‡eÕ| G M‡íi KvwiMi AfxK
†mvenvb| M‡íi bvqK cÖvq mËi eQi eq¯‥ gyw³‡hv×v gBby wgqv| b`xfvO‡b me wKQy nvwi‡q
wbt¯^ †m| Rxeb I RxweKvi ZvwM‡` wcÖqRb †Q‡o e„× eq‡mI XvKv G‡m‡Qb wiKkv Pvjv‡Z|
NUbvµ‡g Zvi mv‡_ cwiPq nq K‡jRwk¶K ksK‡ii| GKRb gBbyÕi Mí ej‡Z wMq XvKv
kn‡ii KjywlZ iƒc, A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zv, m‰¿vm I iƒp ev¯‭eZvi RxebwPÎ AuvKvi cÖqvm
Pvwj‡q‡Qb wZwb| kn‡ii Gme wZ³ AwfÁZvi ¯^v` MÖn‡Yi ci MíKvi Zuv‡K wdwi‡q wb‡q
†M‡Qb MÖv‡g| cybe©vm‡bi mvnvh¨mn †gvU nvRvi ev‡iv k UvKv Zuvi c‡K‡U| Zv‡Z Kx?
A‡bKw`b ci bvwZ-bvZwb‡ì mv‡_ †`Lv nIqvUv e„× gyw³‡hv×v gBby wgqvi Kv‡Q Drm‡ei
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c‡o‡Q| ïi  †_‡K †kl ch©‰‭ MíwU gyw³‡hv×v gBby wgqv-†Kw‱`ªK n‡j fv‡jv nZ|
AiY¨ cÖfvi ÔPvZvjÕ wbg′eM© gvby‡li Mí| cixevby, wiKkvPvjK Avigvb Avi Zv‡ì
wkïKb¨v dzjevby‡K wb‡q M‡o D‡V‡Q G M‡íi AvL¨vb| gvZ…Z¡B GB M‡íi cÖavb welq|
cixevbyi Kb¨vm‰‭vb nIqvq Zv‡K cQ‱` K‡i bv Avigvb| cixevbyi Avk¼v ¯^vgx Zvi
bvwo‡Quov ab dzj‡K Mjv wU‡c †g‡i †dj‡e| G Kvi‡Y GKw`b mKv‡j †m Avigv‡bi msmvi
†_‡K cvwj‡q Avkªq †bq `~‡i GK av‡bi PvZv‡j| GKiv‡Z g¨v‡bRvi Zv‡K cÖjyä K‡i
†`neëmvq bvgvq| gv‡S gv‡S Avigv‡bi cwiwPZ e‡ov mv‡ne Zvi wiKkvq PvZv‡j dzjevbyi
Kv‡Q Avmv-hvIqv K‡i| GKw`b e‡ov mv‡neI Zv‡K PvZv‡j cvVvq| N‡i Xy‡K Kb¨vi gy L
†`‡L †m evKi × n‡q hvq| M‡íi †k‡li w`‡K AwZbvUKxqZvq †nuvPU †L‡Z nq cvVK‡K|
290
M‡íi Muv_ywb‡Z cwic°Zvi Qvc †bB| wØZxq c¨viv †_‡KI MíwU ïi  n‡Z cviZ|
kãPq‡bI mgm¨v Av‡Q| ZviciI MíwUi `yÕGKwU `„‡k¨ cvV‡Ki †PvL AvU‡K hvq| †hgb
ÔwkïwU Kuv`‡Z Kuv`‡Z jvj n‡q †M‡jI gv‡S gv‡S †Vuv‡U †j‡M _vKv `y‡ai cÖ‡jc PzK PzK
K‡i PvU‡Z PvU‡Z Avev‡iv Zxeª Kvb′vq †g‡Z I‡V|Õ G‡ZB †evSv hvq AiY¨Õi †jLvi ¶gZv
Av‡Q| Z‡e cÖ‡qvRb ïay †K․kjwU iß Kiv|
Ôiwng-ev`kvi wU ÷jÕ M‡í fÊ gyQyjøx iwn‡gi gy‡Lv‡ki Avov‡j cÖK…Z eëmvqxi
iƒcwU D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Qb Avng` Rmxg| gy‡LvgywL `ywU †nv‡Uj| GKwUi gvwjK iwng|
Av‡iKwU ev`kvi| ev`kvi †`vKv‡b wWkjvBb †bB| iwn‡gi †nv‡U‡j wWkjvB‡b wnw‱` Qwe
†`Lvi Rb¨ Kv÷gviiv G‡m wfo K‡i| ev`kvi wewµevÆv jv‡U I‡V| igigv eëmvq iwng
avwg©K nevi fvb K‡i| bvgvR-†ivRv Kivi Rb¨ ¯¿x-Kb¨vi Ici †m Pvc m„wó K‡i| evmvq
wUwf †bB Zvi| wb‡R cuvP Iqv³ bvgvR co‡jI †nv‡U‡j †m Kv÷gvi‡ì mv‡_ wnw‱` wdj¥
†`‡L|
GKw`b nVvr, nq‡Zv nZvkvq gviv hvq ev`kv| msmvi Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ ev`kvi weaev
my‱ìx ¯¿x Avi †h․ebeZx Kb¨v Lvevi †nv‡U‡ji eëmv ïi  K‡i| i³gvs‡mi my‱ìx igYx
†`Lvi Rb¨ PZzi Kv÷gviiv ev`kvi †nv‡U‡j wfo K‡i| Zv †`‡L iwng wgqvi gv_v Lvivc
nevi Dcµg| eëmv a‡i ivLvi Rb¨ †m-I Zvi ¯¿x-Kb¨v‡K GKUz †Lvjv‡gjv †cvkvK c‡i
†nv‡U‡j wM‡q em‡Z ej‡j Zv‡ì UvmwK †j‡M hvq|
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eZv wZwb wbcyYfv‡e Zz‡j aivi ¶gZv iv‡Lb| ZviciI Ôiwng-ev`kvi wU ÷jÕ Zvi wbweo
cwiPh©vi `vwe iv‡L|
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Gi g‡a¨B Avng` wd‡ivR g‡bv‡jvM dgy©jvq AvaywbK gvby‡li RwUj gb¯‭Ë¡, wew‪Qb′Zv‡eva,
•btm½¨h‰¿Yv I Aw¯‭Z¡msKU wb‡g©vnfv‡e Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
ÔNiÕ GKwU cwiev‡ii Mí| gv-nviv wZbwU †g‡q evevi Av`‡i †e‡o I‡V| gv‡S
gwZweå‡gi Kvi‡Y evev e‡ov †g‡qi evÜex Glv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z wM‡q wd‡i Av‡m| NUbvµ‡g
`yB †g‡qi we‡q n‡q hvq| †QvU †g‡qwUB M‡íi K_K| †m evevi mv‡_ _v‡K| evev wbtm½|
†QvU †g‡qwUI| mgv‡R Zviv GKN‡i| gv¯‭vbiv evwowU `Lj Kivi Rb¨ Av‡m| ÔNiÕ i¶vi
Rb¨ K_K †¯^‪Qvq Zv‡ì jvjmvi wkKvi nq| MíwU‡Z nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki ÔAvZ¥Rv I
GKwU Kiex MvQÕ-Gi Qvqv _vK‡jI Míeq‡bi †¶‡Î K_vwkíx wn‡m‡e wd‡iv‡Ri ¶gZvB
cÖavb n‡q I‡V|
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†P‡q GKUz e‡ov| Gi g‡a¨B †cvbvgv‡Qi Suv‡Ki g‡Zv MíwU Rwg‡q Zz‡j‡Qb Avey Zv‡ni
midivR| GKwU gvbwmK cÖwZewÜ †h․ebeZx †g‡qi m‡¤¢v‡Mi Mí e‡j‡Qb wZwb| Z‡e Zv-I
†kl ch©‰‭ †evSv †Mj g‡bv‣`wnK †PZbv †_‡K D ¢~Z| Z‡e h_v¯ v‡b weivgwP‡ýi eënvi bv
_vKvq co‡Z wM‡q wKQyUv mgm¨vi m„wó nq|
Ckvb mvgxi ÔUzbyÕ M‡í PvwjZvWv½v MÖv‡gi RbcÖwZwbwa fÊ, cÖZviK I †jvfx †Pqvig¨v‡bi
gy‡Lvk D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q| iv‡Zi Auvav‡i cÖkv‰‭Õi ¯¿xi Ici cvkweK wbh©vZb K‡i, Zv‡ì
wfUvgvwU Qvov K‡i Zv MÖv‡mi cuvqZviv KiwQj †Pqvig¨vb| Zvi cvMjv‡U Kvgjv Uzbyi nv‡ZB
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291
kvwjm †W‡K Zvi cÖwZc¶ †gvevi‡K †`vlx mve¨¯‭ Kivi †Póv Ki‡j Uzbyi e‡`․j‡Z Zv duvm
n‡q hvq| MíwU fv‡jvB n‡q‡Q| Z‡e MíwU Ab¨w`‡KI †gvo wb‡Z cviZ| Avi M‡íi
gvSLv‡b Uzbyi nv‡Z a„Z †Pqvig¨vb‡K Av‡iKUz Avov‡j ivL‡Z cvi‡j fv‡jv nZ|
ÔfM′vskÕ M‡í PvjPz‡jvnxb, †eKvi GK Zi Y mvwnwZ¨‡Ki Ac~Y©, AZ…ß, Uvbv‡cv‡ob
Rxe‡bi gg©‰‧` Mí †du‡`‡Qb Gg`v` ingvb| MíwUi †k‡li w`‡K AvZ¥Rxebxg~jK MÖ‰ 
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g‡b c‡o hvq| `„‡kï ci `„‡k¨ Gg`v` ïay A¯^w¯‭Ki XvKv kn‡ii bq, evsjv‡`‡kiB Rxeb
I mgvRev¯‭eZv Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
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gvby‡li `xwN‡ZÕ| wk¶vmd‡i cyivKxwZ© †`L‡Z wM‡q MíKvi Ges Zuvi eÜz evwK© `yR‡bB
nvwi‡q hvb AZx‡Z| BwZnv‡m AeMvnb Kivi ciB Zuv‡ì g‡b Rj‡iv‡ji kã ïb‡Z cvb ev
†Kv‡bv wKQy m„wói Djøvm Abyfe K‡ib|
Rv`yev¯‭eZvi †gvo‡K Ôgvbyl I QvqvÕ M‡í P‱`b †P․ayix wbg′eM©xq gwZi evev Kby
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n‡q hvq| †m gwZi fv‡jvevmvi gvbyl wejwK‡mi †cvqvwZ KzKzi N‡i Ave× K‡i nZ¨v K‡i|
ZviciB Zvi †_‡K Aïf Qvqv m‡i †h‡Z †`‡L gwZi gv| KzKzi GLv‡b fv‡jvevmv I
Ag½‡ji cÖZxK n‡q D‡V‡Q| MíwUi eqbI PgrKvi|
wK‡kvi AvRM‡ii A‰‭iØ‱Ø ev gb¯‭vwË¡K msNv‡Zi Mí ÔivbviÕ| ivbvi †hgb gvby‡li
wPwVcÎ, cv‡k¦©j wb‡q w`b †bB, ivZ †bB †Qv‡U| wK‡kvi AvRMiI g`¨c evevi A‣ea
eëmvwqK cY¨ g‡ì c¨v‡KU wb‡q iv‡Zi Auvav‡i evwoi w`‡K †Qv‡U| mKvj-weKv‡j †m
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evev gv‡j‡Ki gv‡ii W‡i Zv bv-K‡iI cv‡i bv| `ytmn ¯§„wZ I ¯^c′ †`L‡Z †`L‡Z iv‡Zi
Auvav‡i evwo †divi mgq AvQvo †L‡o c‡o †M‡j m¨vjvB‡bi GKwU c¨v‡KU wQu‡o g` wKQyUv
c‡o hvq| evevi W‡i cyKz‡ii A‡a©K Rj wgwk‡q †m c¨v‡KUUv Avevi c~iY K‡i| Zvici
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Mvwo‡K nVvr _vwg‡q †`qv nj| Av‡iKUz mvg‡b GwM‡q hvIqv wK m¤¢e nZ bv Rv‡n`
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ZvovZvwo _vgevi bq|
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nwibv_ eveyi Mí ÔMwYZ gv÷viÕ| wZwb †hgb fv‡jv wk¶K, †Zgwb fv‡jv `vevi I| Zvi
evevI fv‡jv `vevi  wQ‡jb| Rwg`vi kkxbvivqY ivq Zvi Kv‡Q civwRZ n‡Zb| Rxe‡b `vev
†Ljvq ïay GKevi wRZ‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb wZwb| †jvfI †`wL‡qwQ‡jb A‡b‡K| wK‰‧ nwibv_
eveyi evev ivwR nbwb| †klch©‰‭ Rwg`vi µz× n‡q Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| ZviB †Zv †Q‡j
nwibv_ gv÷vi! fv‡jv wk¶K nIqv m‡Ë¡I cÖvB‡fU covb bv, †KvwPs-G K¬vk †bb bv| d‡j
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UvKvi Rb¨ cvovi Zi Y †Q‡j‡ì mv‡_ Aev‡a †gjv‡gkv K‡i| GKgvÎ †Q‡j eLv‡U,
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Gme †`‡LI bv-†`Lvi fvb K‡i †m c‡o _v‡K `vev wb‡q| GRb¨ gv‡S gv‡S †Q‡j weay
Zv‡K LybI Ki‡Z Pvq| mgvR-msmv‡i nwibv_ gv÷v‡ii †Kv‡bv g~j¨ †bB, m¤§vb †bB|
GKw`b Rwg`vi kkxbvivq‡Yi †cv‡ov evwo‡Z cvIqv †Mj Zvi jvk| gv_vUv †_uZjv‡bv| Zvi
gv‡b nq‡Zv weayi nv‡ZB Lyb n‡q‡Q| wK‰‧ GB welqUvB †Z․wnb G‡m‡Qb Rv`yev¯‭eZvi
gva¨‡g| Zuvi M`¨‣kjx b`xi †mªv‡Zi g‡Zv, cvVK‡K fvwm‡q wb‡q hvq|
e„×vkª‡g GKRb `yf©vM¨ZvwoZ e„‡×i Mí Ôwb`ªvcixÕ| e„×vkª‡g hviv evm K‡ib, Zv‡ì
cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Rxe‡bB i‡q‡Q †e`bvNb Mí| my‡Li ¯§„wZI i‡q‡Q Kv‡iv Kv‡iv| Zzwnb `vm
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n‡q D‡V‡Q| ÔivRvq ivRvq jovB nq, DjyLvMovi cÖvY hvqÕ GB cÖev‡ìB cÖwZa″wb †hZ
ïb‡Z cvB Zvi M‡í| †ijI‡qi Rwg‡Z M‡o-IVv mgm¨veûj ew¯‭i myLx `¤úwZ gwR`-
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n‡j Zv‡ì my‡Li N‡i Afv‡ei W¼v †e‡R I‡V| ZLb †gRvR wZwiw¶ n‡q I‡V gwR‡ì|
†Kv‡bv wKQy fv‡jv jv‡M bv Zvi| niZv‡ji ci Ggwb GKw`b bv-†L‡q wiKkv Pvjv‡Z wM‡q
ZviB g‡Zv Av‡iKR‡bi mv‡_ ivRbxwZ ev niZvj-we‡ivax evMweZÊvq wjß n‡j gvi †L‡q
evmvi w`‡K iIqvbv nq †m| G‡`‡k ivRbxwZ bvgK KivZKj wPiKvjB B‡‪Qg‡Zv KvViƒcx
gwR`‡ì wP‡o‡du‡o †d‡j|
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cÖavb PwiÎ Kvwjc`| wb‡Ri †L‡q e‡bi †gvl Zvov‡bvB hvi cÖavb KvR| cyKz‡i gvQ aivi
bxie cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wbayevey‡K nwU‡q †m mevi `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i| Gici wbZ¨vb‱` evey Zvi
Kv‡Q gvQ aivi we‡kl Kjv‡K․kj wkL‡Z Pvq| wK‰‧ Kvwjc`Õi Kv‡Q G ai‡bi †Kv‡bv
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mevB Kz‡cvKvZ n‡Z _v‡K| MíwU‡Z Rv`yev¯‭eZvi cÖ‡qvM NwU‡q‡Qb cÖexi| Avgv‡ì
mgv‡Ri AÜKvi, Kzms¯‥vi I wbôziZv hyMcr D‡V G‡m‡Q Zuvi M‡í|
A‡bKUv n¨vwgj‡bi euvwkAjvi g‡Zv NUbv, Rw½ev`xiv a‡g©i g‡‰¿ wnc‡UvbvBR K‡i
†hfv‡e Avgv‡ì Zi YmgvR‡K wec_Mvgx K‡i gvbea″smvZ¥K Kv‡R jvMvq ev Rw½ wn‡m‡e
M‡o †Zv‡j, Zv-B dRjyj Kvweix cÖZxKxiƒ‡c Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Zuvi Ôevi ‡ì gy‡LvkÕ M‡í| Zuvi
Míeqb‡K․kj PgrKvi|
S‡oi c‡iB †Zv bxieZv, AÜKv‡ii ciB †Zv Av‡jv| g¨vb‡nv‡ji AÜKv‡i Mn″‡i
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Dci Av‡jv Av‡Q?Õ M‡í| eÜz‡K GwM‡q w`‡Z wM‡q †divi c‡_ `y®‥…ZKvixiv Av`bvb‡K
†d‡j †`q g¨vb‡nv‡ji fqvbK Mn″‡i| iv‡Zi Auvav‡i, gv_vi Dci Mvwoi MR©b, m‰¿vmx‡ì
nZ¨vhÁ Pj‡Z _v‡K| Av`bvb Dc‡i D‡V Avmvi mvnv‡hï Rb¨ wPrKvi K‡i| wK‰‧ †KD
GwM‡q Av‡m bv| fq¼i wZ³ AwfÁZvi ciI †klch©‰‭ Zvi cÖZ¨vkv †eu‡P _vKvi| Av`bvb
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Avgv‡ì wb‡¶c K‡i‡Q g¨vb‡nv‡ji IB AÜKvi Mn″‡i|
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fvlv‡mªv‡Z cvVK‡K fvwm‡q †bevi ¶gZv cÖ`k©b K‡i‡Qb Zuvi Ô†gviM, b`x, †cÖg I A‡cÖ‡gi
MíÕ-G| M‡íi wk‡ivbv‡g hwÌ wZwb ÔA‡cÖ‡giÕ kãwU eënvi K‡i‡Qb, Z‡e †klch©‰‭ Zv
Avi ÔA‡cÖ‡giÕ _v‡Kwb| n‡q D‡V‡Q `yÕRb gvbe-gvbexi wb‡Uvj †cÖ‡gi Mí| Z‡e
Dc¯ vcb‡K․k‡j †di‡`․m GZUvB PZzi †h cvVK m‡PZb bv-n‡j ai‡ZB cvi‡e bv GUv
GKUv †cÖ‡gi Mí|
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wZwb| Zuvi ÔfvZÕ Mí gy» K‡i‡Q Avgv‡K| Zvici Ônv‡mvB I †jUzi MíÕ| Avi me©‡kl
Av‡jvP¨ Mí ÔGbKvD‱UviÕ| GKUv mvgvb¨ welq‡KB Mí Kivi ¶gZv, `¶Zv I AwfÁZv
i‡q‡Q Zuvi| hwÌ ÔGbKvD‱UviÕ †Kv‡bv mvaviY welq bq| gvbeZvwe‡ivax, wePviewnf~©Z
nZ¨vKv‡Ê RwoZ i¨v‡ei gy‡Lvk D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q Zuvi GB M‡í| A‡bK wbixn †`k‡cÖwgK
gvbylI †h i¨v‡ei fyj wm×v‡‰‭ cÖvYcvZ n‡‪Q Ges A‡bK mgq mgv‡Ri Kv‡Q †m ev Zviv
KvjwcÖU †_‡K hv‡‪Q, g~jZ GB welq wZwb Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb ÔGbKvD‱UviÕ M‡í|
g¨viv‡Wvbv †hgb Zuvi †ckv`vwi dzUej‣bcyY¨ w`‡q wek¦bw‱`Z n‡qwQ‡jb, A‡b′i
ms¯ v‡b MÖvg †_‡K kn‡i Qy‡U Avmv kªgRxex mr gvby‡li eRªel©x D‪PviY Ôev‡n, Avgiv KvR
K‡i LvB!Õ †hb †Zgwb w`wM¦w`K Qwo‡q c‡o| wbg′e‡M©i GB kªgRxex gvbylivB Avgv‡ì
AnsKvi| †M․ie| GB e³e¨B weRq Avn‡g` Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Ôg¨viv‡Wvbvi MíÕ-G|
ÔjvjwPqv dzj I Imgvb Mwbi Kvj‡KDUvÕ M‡í K_v‡Kvwe` gvRyj nvmvb ûmbvMÖv‡g
G‡K G‡K N‡U hvIqv bvbviKg KvÊKxwZ©i g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K© dzdz-fvwZRvi A‣ea cÖYqjxjvI
Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb mywbcyY fvlv‣kjxeq‡b| bvbviKg Am¤¢e AvMvg Le‡ii Rb¨ ûmbvMÖv‡g †h
Imgvb Mwb mK‡ji Avkvfimvi cvÎ n‡q D‡VwQj, Zvi †g‡q Rvwgjv A‣eacÖY‡q Mf©eZx
nq| mgv‡Ri `Êgy‡Êi KZ©v cv‡Uvqvix Imgvb Mwbi wePviI K‡i| ZviciB †`Lv hvq Imgvb
Mwbi weivU AvR`vnv ev Kvj‡KDUvB Zv‡K wM‡j †L‡q †d‡j| Zvici cv‡Uvqvix cvMj e‡b
hvb| MíwU‡Z knx`yj Rwn‡ii ÔWygiy †L‡Kv gvbylÕ-Gi Qvqv c‡o‡Q, we‡kl K‡i Imgvb Mwbi
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AmvgvwRK Kg©Kv‡Êi wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb gv`j nvmvb Ô`~igyVÕ M‡í|
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi g‡ZvB wbiv‡eM Rxeb I LiL‡i ev¯‭eZvq wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q MíwU|
†jvKR WvqjM wbg©v‡Y LyeB `¶ gv`j nvmvb| Kwe n‡jI G M‡í wZwb GKRb kw³kvjx
K_vwkíx wn‡m‡e `¶Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb|
Ôfv‡Zi NÖvYÕ-Gi Míwkíx gyb′ gvbmx| Zuvi M‡í aiv c‡o‡Q †`kwefv‡MvËiKv‡j
fviZ †_‡K mewKQy †d‡j cvwj‡q Avmv wbt¯^, Afy³ gvby‡li †e`bv, fv‡Zi Rb¨ Zv‡ì
nvnvKvi, Kó| G M‡íi cÖavb PwiÎ mybxj| †`kwefv‡Mi mgq fviZ †_‡K cvwj‡q G‡mwQj
294
†m| wKQyUv AcÖK…wZ¯  †m| gvby‡li Kv‡Q †P‡q‡U‡q †L‡Zv| Gfv‡e `xN© msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡g
wU‡K wQj †m| †Kqvi‡UKvi Avg‡j †h․_evwnbxi wbg©g wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j g„Zz¨gy‡L cwZZ nq
wbiciva mybxj|
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Kg©Pvixi †g‡q Dn¨| fv‡jv‡e‡m we‡q K‡i GK †eKvi hyeK‡K| Dn¨Õi PvKwii cqmvqB †m
P‡j| Dn¨ Zv‡K dzUcvZ †_‡K GKwU †KvU wK‡b †`q hv Zvi ¯^vgxi Mv‡q jv‡M bv| hyeK
dwKi †_‡K ïi  K‡i wbg′we‡Ëi K‡qKRb gvbyl‡K †KvUwU `vb Ki‡Z PvB‡jI †KD Zv †bq
bv| Ae‡k‡l wcc~j g¨vbk‡b wbjv‡g Zv AcÖZ¨vwkZ `vwg n‡q I‡V| ¯¿xi wb‡la m‡Ë¡I
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Avgv‡ì Av_©-mvgvwRK-ivR‣bwZK Ae¯ v †`‡L kvgmyi ivngvb wj‡LwQ‡jb ÔA ¢yZ
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bM‡i hv ejv nq, N‡U Zvi wVK D‡ëv| †hgb ÒAgyK‡K Gevi m‡e©v‪P cyi¯‥vi ÔbMi Db′qb
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†`wi †bB| G ai‡bi cyi¯‥vi cÖ`v‡bi bv‡g bM‡ii GK mZëv`x Kwe‡K GKw`b nZ¨v K‡i
bMi cÖkvmb|
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m‡¤¢vMevmbv| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ RvwM‡q †Zv‡j wbi‰‭i nZvkv, wew‪Qb′Zv‡eva, ¯^c′ I ¯^c′f‡½i
†e`bv| jvRy`¤úwZi Rxe‡b Gme wPÎB dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb ivnv` Avwei ÔwUKwUwKÕ M‡í|
gymwjg mgv‡R ZvjvKcÖvß ¯¿xi mv‡_ cybivq Ni Ki‡Z PvB‡j wnjøv we‡qi eë¯ v
Ki‡Z nq| ÔPvbevbyi NiÕ M‡í K_vwkíx jwZd †Rvqv`©vi G welq Zz‡j aivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
Pvbevbyi cÖ_g ¯^vgx B¾Z Avjx w`bgRyi| Kv‡Ri av‱`vq, gv‡S gv‡S gv‡mi ci gvm Zv‡K
Ab¨ AÂ‡j wM‡qI _vK‡Z nq| GB my‡hv‡M Pvbevby‡K Kv‡Q cvevi Rb¨ Rb¨ MÖv‡gi weËkvjx
bRi Avjx GKw`b AvPgKv Pvbevbyi N‡i †Xv‡K| Pvbevbyi evievi ZvMv`v m‡Ë¡I, mÜ¨v
DZ‡i ivZ †b‡g †M‡jI Ni †_‡K †ei nq bv †m| A‡bKw`b ci B¾Z Avjx evwo wd‡i Zv
†`‡L Avi mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Pvbevby‡K gvi‡avi K‡i ZvjvK †`q| wePvikvwj‡k
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we‡qi Av‡qvR‡bi ga¨w`‡qB †kl nq MíwU| Pvbevbyi N‡i bRi Avjxi A‡bK¶Y Ae¯ v‡bi
g‡a¨ bvUKxqZv i‡q‡Q| GQvov G M‡í wnjøv we‡q wb‡q †Zgb †Kv‡bv msKU •Zwi nqwb| wnjøv
we‡qi msKU wb‡q be″‡qi `k‡Ki cÖwZkÖ wZkxj K_vwkíx gwneyj Avjg, (m¤¢eZ, eZ©gv‡b
wbDwRj¨v‡Û cÖevmx) GKwU PgrKvi Mí wj‡L‡Qb| MíwU cov _vK‡j jwZd †Rvqv`©vi nq‡Zv
M‡íi WvB‡gbkb Ab¨ †Kv‡bv w`‡K Nywi‡q w`‡Z cvi‡Zb|
GKRb A¯^‪Qj ¯‥zjwk¶‡Ki RwUj gb¯‭Ë¡ Ges Zuvi wU‡K _vKvi wewPÎ msMÖv‡gi Mí
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gvi‡av‡ii gva¨‡g Svj †gUvb| †mB Qv‡Îi Rb¨ Zvi gvqvI nq| ZLb †fZ‡i †fZ‡i Lye
AbyZß nb wk¶K| Nv‡g †fRv †bvUwU Zz‡j w`‡Z Pvb gviLvIqv QvÎ‡ì| Avi †bvULvbvB
295
wKbv †cvwjI Avµv‰‭ †ivMxi g‡Zv| wVKg‡Zv ùvov‡Z cv‡i bv| KvZ n‡q c‡o hvq| †cvwjI
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ïfvwkm wmbnvi Mí ÔwR‱`v gy`©v mgvPviÕ-G wbg′eM©xq gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi wewPÎ
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myweav Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| kn‡i wM‡q igRvb govi fvb K‡i c‡o _v‡K, Avi †Q‡j evc‡K
†`wL‡q †Ku‡`‡K‡U cqmv †Zv‡j| GKw`b igRvb mwZ¨ mwZ¨B gviv hvq| Avi †Q‡j wPrKvi
K‡i Mjv dvUvq| wK‰‧ Zvi wcZv igRvb Avi D‡V bv|
kvRvb kxjb LyeB axiw¯ i gvbyl| wb‡R‡K •Zwi K‡iB wZwb cv w`‡q‡Qb
K_vmvwn‡Zï fye‡b| MÖv‡gi wbg′weË gvby‡li RxebmsMÖvg I mgvRev¯‭eZvi wbcyYwPÎ wZwb
`¶ d‡UvMÖvdv‡ii g‡Zv G‡Ki ci Av‡iK †g‡j a‡i‡Qb cvV‡Ki mvg‡b| co‡j g‡b nq,
GB †Zv Avgvi Pvicv‡ki †PbvRvbv gvbyl, cÖK…wZ I cwi‡ek| GK K_vq, GB †Zv
evsjv‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨cxwoZ MÖvgxY mgv‡Ri wPivqZ Qwe| ÔR¨v‰‭ mv‡ci P°iÕ co‡jB †evSv
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wVKg‡Zv cwievi-cwiR‡bi gy‡L Ab′ †RvUv‡Z cv‡i bv e‡j Av`‡ii †QvÆ †g‡q ggZv‡K
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•mKZ Av‡iwd‡bi Ôe„ËÕ ga¨weË gvby‡li Rxebh‰¿Yv, †eva I gbb Ges wew‪Qb′Zv‡eva
I •btm½¨‡PZbvi Mí| ga¨weË mgv‡Ri gvbyl¸‡jv Rxeb I mgv‡Ri wewfb′ NUbvi Ave‡Z©
NyicvK †L‡q, AwfÁZv jvf K‡i †e‡o DV‡Z DV‡Z wb‡Ri ARv‡‰‭B •Zwi K‡i
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Míeqb‡K․kj I fvlv‣kjxi †¶‡Î •mK‡Zi Ici cÖfve we¯‭vi K‡i Av‡Qb gvneye †gv‡k©` I
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wK GZ Kó nq! ÔLvUÕ M‡í Avgiv †`wL LvU †QvU nIqvq GKRb †jvK wVKg‡Zv cv †g‡j
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cÖwZ mgvb `vqe× †_‡KB Zuviv hvÎv ïi  K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡ì A‡b‡Ki j¶¨ AvKvk †Quvqvi|
wb‡Ri †f․‡MvwjK mxgv AwZµg K‡i Av‰‭Rv© wZK mvwnZ¨ A½‡b `„ß c`PviYvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K
•Zwi K‡i P‡j‡Qb †KD †KD| Zuv‡ì M‡íi welq, eqb‡K․kj, evKixwZ Ges wbi‰‭i
wbix¶vag©x †PZbv ev mvnmx c`‡¶c †QvUM‡íi A½b‡K Ki‡e Av‡iv we¯‭…Z, Av‡iv kw³kvjx,
Av‡iv mg„×‭GBUzKz m‡PZb cvV‡Ki cÖZ¨vkv|
Drm: jwZd †Rvqv`©vi m¤úvw`Z Ô†PŠKvVÕ cwÎKv; 2q el© 2q msL¨v, †deª“qvwi 2012
[ †jLK: M`¨wkíx| †ckv: Aa¨vcbv; wnmveweÁvb, miKvwi eyjeyj K‡jR, cvebv| ]
cÖ e Ü
nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki †QvUMí : †`kfv‡Mi njvnj
wek kZ‡Ki lv‡Ui `k‡Ki cÖvi‡¤¢ K_vwkíx nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki (R.1939) ewjô
AvZ¥cÖKvk| cÖ_g †_‡KB Zvi †QvUM‡í gvbyl, gvby‡li mvgvwRK-A_©‣bwZK Ae¯ v A_©vr
mgKvjxb ev¯‭eZv ¯úófv‡e Dc¯ vwcZ| Zuvi Rb¥ cwðge‡½i ea©gvb †Rjvi Kv‡Uvqv
gnKzgvi g‡½vj‡KvU _vbvaxb heMÖvg-G| cy‡iv •kke-•K‡kviKvj, Rxe‡bi cÖ_g 16 eQi
wZwb ivpevsjvq Z_v cwðge‡½i ea©gv‡b KvUvb| wewbgq eë¯ vi gva¨‡g Zuvi cwievi‡K
c~e©e‡½i Lyjbvq emwZ M‡o Zzj‡Z nq| cÖK…Zc‡¶ wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z fviZwefw³i
Kvi‡Y 1947 mv‡ji ci †_‡KB c~e©e‡½i AwaKvsk evOvwj wn‱`y fvi‡Z P‡j †h‡Z _v‡K Ges
Zv‡ì ¯ jvwfwl³ nq fviZ †_‡K AvMZ evOvwj-AevOvwj gymwjgiv| lv‡Ui `k‡K GB
ev¯‧Z¨v‡Mi NUbv †ewk N‡U|1 cÖm½Z 1947 mv‡j 3iv Ry‡bi cÖ¯‭vweZ fviZ-wefvM †NvlYvq
Bsj¨vÛ miKv‡ii ¶gZv n¯‭v‰‭‡ii ga¨ w`‡q ga¨ AvM‡÷ fviZ I cvwK¯‭vb iv‡óªi Rb¥ nq|
G‡Z cvÄve I e½‡`k wefw³Ki‡Yi wkKv‡i cwiYZ nq| wbwLj fviZ gymwjg jxM Bsj¨vÛ
297
miKv‡ii ¶gZv n¯‭v‰‭‡ii cwiKíbv‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e we‡ePbvq G‡b cvÄve I e½‡`k wefvM
†g‡b †bq| 1911 mv‡ji e½f½ i` nIqvi ci mvgªvRëv`x kvm‡Kiv e½‡`k‡K gymwjg
msL¨vMwiô cÖ‡`k wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡qwQj| wK‰‧ jW© gvD‱Ue¨v‡Ub e½‡`k‡K `yÕfv‡M
wew‪Qb′ K‡i BwZnv‡mi aviv e`wj‡q †`b|2 Gi d‡j e½‡`‡ki c~e©vÂ‡ji gywmwjg
msL¨vMwiô †Rjv¸‡jvi mg‰^‡q Ôc~e©e½Õ cvwK¯‭v‡bi Ges cwðgvÂ‡ji wn‱`y msL¨vMwiô
†Rjv¸‡jv wb‡q Ôcwðge½Õ fvi‡Zi A‰‭f©³ y nq| mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi wfwË‡Z e½-wefvRb
AvKw¯§K †Kv‡bv NUbv bq| weªwUk mvgªvRëv`x kw³i evsjv `L‡ji ci †_‡K AebZ
AwfRvZ gymjgvb mgvR Bs‡iR‡ì kÎ  wn‡m‡e †R‡b‡Q Ges Zv‡ì kvmbKv‡h©
Amn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Q| wK‰‧ wek kZ‡Ki ivRbxwZi cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯ wZ‡Z Zviv wn‱`y‡ì cÖavb
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`yB m¤cÖ`vq wn‱`y-gymjgv‡bi g‡a¨ ci¯úi m‡‱`n, Awek¦vm I Ø‡‱Øi m„wó nq Ges
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Z_v fviZwefw³‡Z Ômv¤cÖ`vwqKZvÕ kãwU‡K Ggbfv‡e eënvi Kiv n‡qwQj hv‡Z GKwU
Rb‡Mvôx Aci ag©xq Rb‡Mvôxi g~j¨‡eva‡K cÖwZØ‱Øx I A¯^vfvweK g‡b K‡i Ges a‡g©i Øviv
ivR‣bwZK AvbyMZ¨ wba©vwiZ nq I mv¤cÖ`vwqK Av‰‭tmsNl© m„wó nq|4 D‡jøL¨ 1941 †_‡K
1946 mv‡ji GwcÖj †_‡K AvM÷ ch©‰‭ cÖvq cÖwZ eQi mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v msNwUZ n‡q‡Q|5
GQvov 1947 †_‡K 1964 ch©‰‭ cÖkvm‡bi c¶cv‡Z m„ó mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi g‡Zv fqven
NUbvq ev¯‭e cwiw¯ wZi AebwZ N‡U‡Q, ag©xq msL¨vjNyi wbivcËv wewN′Z n‡q‡Q Ges Zv‡ì
AmnvqZ¡ †e‡o‡Q; m‡e©vcwi Zviv †`kZ¨v‡M eva¨ n‡q‡Q|6 d‡j •kke-•K‡kv‡iB nvmvb
AvwRRyj nK wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i (1939-45) Aw¯ iZv-fqvenZv, mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v, †`kfvM
cÖf„wZ mgvRRxe‡bi Av‡jvwoZ NUbvi m¤§yLxb nb| ZvQvov †`kZ¨v‡Mi ¶Z Zuv‡K fxlYfv‡e
ZvwoZ K‡i‡Q| †`kfv‡Mi d‡j m„ó mgm¨v, †hgbÑ gvZ…f~wg Z¨v‡Mi gg©‰‧` h‰¿Yv, DØv¯‧
mgm¨v, †`kZ¨vMx gvby‡li gvbwmK wech©q, A_©‣bwZK am cÖf„wZ welq †jLK-gvb‡m †h
QvqvcvZ NUvq Zuvi wKQy †QvUM‡í ZviB wkíiƒc wea„Z|
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK †`kfv‡Mi welgq dj I Zvi wZ³ AwfÁZv‡K †K‱`ª K‡i †ek
wKQy Mí iPbv K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ mgy‡`ªi ¯^cœ, kx‡Zi AiY¨7 MÖ‡‰ i ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õ,
AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ8 MÖ‡‰ i ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ, ÔcievmxÕ, ÔgvixÕ Ges Rxeb
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ms‡hvRb| †`kfv‡Mi wZ³ AwfÁZv QvovI MÖvgxY wbg′weË K…lK-Rxeb, bvMwiK ga¨we‡Ëi
gb¯‭vwË¡K Uvbvc‡ob cÖf„wZ welq e¯‧wbôfv‡e Gme M‡í †hvwRZ| G¸‡jv‡Z †`kfv‡Mi d‡j
gvZ…f~wg Z¨v‡Mi †e`bv, gvbwmK wech©q, DØv¯‧Rxe‡bi Amnvq Ae¯ v cÖf„wZ mgm¨vi wPÎ
Aw¼Z| Gme NUbvi D‡b¥vPb-cÖqv‡mB e¶¨gvY cÖe‡Üi cwimi mxgve×|
ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õ M‡í nvmvb AvwRRyj nK welq wn‡m‡e †`kwefv‡Mi welgq dj‡K MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb Ges `„wó w`‡q‡Qb bM‡ii w`‡K| wØ-RvwZZË¡ Z_v mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi wfwË‡Z wef³
fviZ- cvwK¯‭vb ivóª `ywU‡Z wewbgqcÖ_v Pvjy n‡j msL¨vMwiô wn‱`y Aay¨wlZ ivóª †_‡K gymwjg
Ges msL¨vMwiô gymwjg Aay¨wlZ ivóª †_‡K wn‱`y m¤cÖ`v‡qi AwaKvskB wb‡Ri wfUvgvwU Z¨vM
K‡i widy¨wR ev DØv¯‧i LvZvq bvg †jLvq| Avi G NUbvi dj¯îƒc ev¯‧Z¨vMx gvby‡li Rxe‡b
m„ó bvbviƒc wµqv-cÖwZwµqvi A_©‣bwZK-mvgvwRK mgm¨vw` wb‡q nvmvb AvwRRyj nK
GKvwaK Mí wj‡L‡Qb| ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õ M‡í †`kwefv‡Mi d‡j fviZ †_‡K c~e©evsjvq P‡j
298
Avmv GKwU gymwjg cwiev‡ii nZvkv wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q| evev-gv-fvB-†evbmn evYx‡ì cwievi
†`kfv‡Mi ci wewbgq-eë¯ vi ga¨ w`‡q fvi‡Zi ea©gvb kni †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki GK
†Rjvkn‡i P‡j Av‡m| GB P‡j Avmvi d‡j Zv‡ì ¯^vfvweK Q‱`gq Rxe‡b Q‱`-cZb N‡U|
†cÖwgK Kex‡ii †hvMv‡hvM wew‪Qb′ n‡q hvIqvq evYxi eo‡evb wjwc AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i| G‡Z
wjwci evev-gv gvbwmKfv‡e wech©¯‭ I weKviMÖ¯‭ n‡q c‡o| A‡bK w`b ci evYx Kexi‡K
K‡j‡Ri BwZnv‡mi bZzb Aa¨vcK wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z cvq Ges Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM
cybt¯ vwcZ nq| wK‰‧ Kexi evYx‡K bZzb Rxe‡bi ¯^c′ †`Lv‡j †m Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i|
ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õ MíwU‡Z †`kfv‡Mi d‡j m„ó e¨w³Rxe‡bi nZvkv-K¬vw‰‭ I A_©‣bwZK
wech©q gyL¨ welqiƒ‡c wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| evYxi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K MíwU ewY©Z| evYxi ¯^MZ wP‰‭vq
Zv‡ì `vwi‡`ªï ¯îƒc I gvbwmK •`‡bï K_v Rvbv hvq,
¯^v‪Q‱`¨ bv _vK‡jI hv‡K Afve e‡j Zv‡Zv †bB| wK‰‧ AZeo evwoUv AÜKvi| Avi
evc-gv‡qi RxebUv RxY© b¨vKovi gZ evZv‡m Do‡Q| †Kvb wKQzB Zuv‡ì Kv‡Q
cwiwPZ Avi wcÖq bq, †QvU fvB `ywU wbivb‱`| Avgiv widz¨wR, DØv¯‧| (c„ : 51)
Ab¨Î Zv‡ì Lv`¨vf¨v‡mi eY©bv‡ZI wbg′-ga¨we‡Ëi Ae¯ v ¯úó :
mKv‡ji Lvevi •Zwi n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨‡K cv‡e wZbwU K‡i ïK‡bv i wU Avi GKUzK‡iv
¸o| Zvici GK Kvc Pv| mv‡o bUvi evm hvevi Av‡M ch©‰‭ evYx GKUz co‡e,
Zvici m′vb Ki‡e, MZiv‡Zi evwm ZiKvwii mv‡_ Wvj w`‡q Mig fvZ †L‡q cÖ¯‧Z
n‡q †b‡e| (c„ : 44)
GB A_©‣bwZK AwbðqZv †_‡K m„ó †¶vf-nZvkv-K¬vw‰‭‡Z evYx‡ì cwiev‡ii mK‡jB

Av‪Qb′| †mKvi‡Y evYx K‡j‡R wM‡q gy³ evZvm †meb K‡i, UzKz I i‰‧ Nywg‡q I evwoi
cwimxgvq †Ljvayjv K‡i K¬vw‰‭ `~i K‡i| evYxi gv wb¯ú„n, w¯‭wgZ| evev A‡bKvs‡k gvbwmK
weKviMÖ¯‭| ÔAvi GKUv eQi| Avwg we.G. cvm Kie Abvm© wb‡q| ZLb Avi Avgv‡ì †Kvb
Kó _vK‡e bv|Õ (c„ : 45) evYxi G-RvZxq Dw³‡Z Zuvi gv‡qi †Nvjv‡U `„wó‡Z †Kv‡bv
cwieZ©b jw¶Z nq bv| †eu‡P _vKvi Zxeª h‰¿Yv evYxi evev‡KI gvbwmK weK…wZi w`‡K †V‡j
w`‡q‡Q| ÔevYxi evevi gvbwmK weK…wZ G‡Kev‡i Zvi e¨w³‡Z¡i wfZi †_‡K DwÌZ bq,
mgv‡Ri iƒp †iv‡` Zß n‡Z n‡Z Zvi weK…Z gvbwmKZvi Rb¥| Av‡jv‡K Zvi fq, ZvB w`‡bi
†ejv‡ZI gkvwii g‡a¨ Zv‡K KvjvwZcvZ Ki‡Z nq| Rxe‡bi †Kvjvnj Zvi Kv‡Q g‡b nq
Amn¨, †KD K_v e‡j DV‡j †m ag‡K I‡V| evYxi wcZvi GB g‡bve„wË‡K cjvqbx g‡bve„wË
ejv hvq| Rxe‡bi Ø‱Ø-msNv‡Zi gy‡LvgywL nevi mvg_©¨ †bB e‡jB Zvi g‡a¨ RxebwegyLZvi
Rb¥| †`kwefv‡Mi d‡j Rb¥f~wg †Q‡o wef~u‡q Avmvi wbg©g AwfÁZv, wjwci AvZ¥nZ¨v I
Avw_©K wech©q GmewKQz‡K wgwj‡q †`L‡j Zvi gvbwmK weKv‡ii Kvh©KviY Lyu‡R cvIqv
hvq|Õ10 A_©‣bwZK wech©‡qi d‡j m„ó nZvkvwK¬ó Gme PwiÎ QvovI G M‡í Aa¨vcK Kex‡ii
g‡Zv `vwqZ¡‡evanxb I eLv‡U MwYi g‡Zv wbg′i wPi Pwi‡Îi †`Lv †g‡j| wjwci g„Zzï ci
Kexi evYxi cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡q c‡o Ges evYx‡K wb‡q bZzb Rxeb Movi ¯^c′ †`‡L| A_P
†`kfv‡Mi ci Kexi wjwci mÜv‡b m‡Pó nqwb eis `xN©w`b ci evYxi mv‡_ mv¶vr n‡j †m
Zvi cÖwZ †cÖgvm³ nq| G‡Z Kex‡ii Pwi‡Î GK ai‡bi `vwqZ¡nxbZv cÖZ¨¶ nq| Aciw`‡K
bZzb MwR‡q-IVv gv¯‭vb‡kªYx hviv K‡jRco‬qv QvÎx †`L‡jB †cÖgcÎ cvVvq msw¶ßvKv‡i
G‡ì PwiÎ ¯úó K‡i‡Qb MíKvi| Giv ÔgvZe″ix Pv‡j Gi Ii m‡½ K_v e‡j, wmMv‡iU
299
Uv‡bÕ; Pv‡qi †`vKv‡b Pv Lvq Avi evm-WªvBfvi‡ì mv‡_ Mí K‡i| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Gme PwiÎ
Ae¶wqZ mgv‡Ri dmj; AvMvQvi bvgv‰‭i gvÎ|
ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õ M‡íi bvgKi‡Y wKQzUv cÖZxKx Zvrch© i‡q‡Q| GK A‡_© cwi‡ek I
gvbwmKZvi w`K †_‡K evYxi Ae¯ vb cwieZ©b‡K wb‡`©k K‡i; Ab¨v‡_©, †`kZ¨v‡Mi ci
Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì we‡klZ evYxi evev-gvi wgªqgvY n‡q hvIqv, D‪Q¡j RxebmËv
nvwi‡q w¯‭wgZ wb¯ú„n nIqv‡K †evSvq| ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õi Kvwnbxi eybb A‡c¶vK…Z wkw_j, Nb
mwb′e× bq| M‡íi welqvbyhvqx mvg_©¨c~Y© PwiÎ `yj©¶| DØv¯‧ Rxe‡bi AwbðqZv I †Ubkb
cÖKUiƒ‡c wPwÎZ nqwb| Z‡e Mí ejvi †K․kj †jL‡Ki `¶Zvi kxl© mxgv AwZµg K‡i‡Q|
AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ MÖ‡‰ i cÖ_g I bvgMí ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ|
1947 mv‡j mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi wfwË‡Z †`kwefw³i d‡j wecyjmsL¨K gvbyl †`kZ¨vM K‡i
DØv¯‧ mgm¨vq wbcwZZ nq| DØv¯‧ Rxe‡bi A_©‣bwZK AwbivcËv, Rxebhvc‡bi b~¨bZg
Pvwn`v c~i‡Y Amg_© wbg′we‡Ëi †eKviZ¡ I gbyl¨Z¡ weµ‡q eva¨ nIqv cÖf„wZ welq G M‡í
Bw½Zgq n‡q D‡V‡Q| MíwUi welqvsk mvgvb¨| ¯‥zjRxeb †_‡K wQU‡K cov wZb eLv‡U hyeK
Bbvg, †dKz, mynv‡mi wbZ¨Kg© †P․h©e„wË, wQbZvB, c‡KUgviv cÖf„wZ| öwjZ Pwi‡Îi GB
hye‡Kiv †`kfv‡Mi ci fviZ †_‡K P‡j-Avmv GKwU DØv¯‧ cwiev‡ii Amnvq‡Z¡i my‡hvM
MÖnY K‡i| Zviv Amnvq cwievi‡K mvnv‡hï bv‡g hyeZxKb¨v i Kzi †`nm‡¤¢v‡Mi me eë¯ v
cvKv K‡i| Amnvq e„× wcZv gbyl¨Z¡ I g~j¨‡eva wemR©b w`‡q Kb¨vi †`nwewµi UvKvq eva¨
n‡q msmvi Pvjvq| Rxebavi‡Yi Ggb wbg©g ev¯‭eZv G M‡í Dc¯ vwcZ| Amnvq e„× evwoi
D‡Vv‡b †ivwcZ Kiex Mv‡Qi gvnvZ¥¨ eY©bv K‡i Rvbvq, Kiex dz‡ji ex‡R PgrKvi wel nq|
Kb¨vi m¤£‡gi wewbg‡q †eu‡P _vKvi eë¯ v †g‡b wb‡q e„× †hb welcv‡b bxjKÉ, Rxebb¥„Z|
welq wn‡m‡e evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ bZzbZi ms‡hvRb|
RxebvwfÁZvi wbôzi KkvNv‡Z we`xY© bv-n‡j Ggb welq Mímvwn‡Z¨ ms‡hvRb `yiƒn; ejv
hvq, MíKvi †h KkvNv‡Z `xY©, MícvV †k‡l cvVKI Zvi Øviv i³vcøyZ| wel‡qi g‡Zv
cÖKiYMZ AmvaviYZ¡ G‡Z wbwnZ| Bbvg, †dKz I mynvm wZbwU bóPwiÎ n‡jI G‡ì mgw‰^Z
PwiÎ Ôbó mgvRÕ GKwU gyL¨PwiÎ wn‡m‡e M‡í f~wgKv cvjb K‡i‡Q| G‡ì K‡_vcK_‡b
G‡ì Rxebhvcb, Kg©c×wZ I mvgvwRK Ae¯ vi c~Y©v½ wPÎ e¨³ nq| Giv mevB
•K‡kv‡ivËxY© DVwZ hyeK| cov‡kvbvi Rb¨ ¯‥z‡j hvIqvi K_v _vK‡jI Giv hvq bv|
†jLvcov bv-Kivi KviYmg~nI M‡í D‡jøwLZ| Bbvg I †dKzi g‰‭e¨ G m¤úwK©Z mgvR‡`‡ni
¶Z‡KB wPwýZ K‡i| †hgb, Bbv‡gi Dw³ :
bv, cowj Avgv‡i †KD wmwb′ †`‡e K! ... ... nq, PvKwi Mv‡Q djwZ‡Q! (c„ : 10)
Ab¨Î Bbvg I †dKzi †h․_ g‰‭e¨ :
KieUv wK KwZ cvwim? †jnvcov wkLwj bv nq Ñ| †jnvcovi gywn †c‪Qvc Ñ Bbvg
ejj| Avevi Amn¨ jvMj Ii| Zvnwj Ñ †dKz †f‡ewP‡‰‭ ejj, Du‡Pv RvqMvq
ùvov‡q mwei Ici †c‪Qvc| KvR †Kvqv‡b? Rwg †bB LvwU, U¨vnv †bB eëmv Kwi Ñ
wK KjvWv Kiev‡b? (c„: 13)
fwel¨r Kg©c‰ v wba©viY Ki‡Z bv-cvivq nZvkvMÖ¯‭ n‡q Zviv wec‡_ P‡j †h‡Z eva¨ nq|
RxweKvi Rb¨ †e‡Q †bq wQbZvB, c‡KU gvivi c‰ v| RxweKvi G c‰ vq Zviv A‡bKUvB Zzó
I mdj| K‡g©i •bcyY¨, mdjZv I wedjZv Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvq ¯úó :
300
... mynv‡mi †PvL `ywU PKPK Ki‡Q †K․Z‚n‡j, GKUv K_v KB, wKQz Kwe bv K? †dKzi
m¤§wZi A‡c¶v bv †i‡LB †m e‡j, AZ gvi Lvm wK K‡i, Avgv‡K ejwZ cvwim?
kvjvi `v`v GKPo gviwj †Pv‡n AÜKvi †`wn| gvi LvIqvWv wkLwZ Aq eywS‡Pv
evcaby I¯‭v‡ì Kv‡Q wkLwZ Aq| †jnvcovi Rwb¨ B¯‥zwj hvwZ Aq †hgb, †Zgwb Ñ
†dKz ejj| (c„ : 12)
ïay ZvB bq, PvwiwÎK åóZvi me©wbg′ mxgvq †cu․‡Q hvq Zviv| mynv‡mi gvgvi we‡q Ges gvgxi
†evb‡ì wb‡q Av‡jvPbv †_‡K hyemgv‡Ri AatcwZZ gvbwmKZv m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqv hvq|
gvgxi †evb m¤ú‡K© mynvm I Zvi eÜz‡ì AvjvcPvwiZv j¶‡hvM¨ :
... gvgxi †ev‡biv hv †mv‱ì †m Avi Kjvg bv| †Zvi gvgvi evwoUv †Kvqv‡b, gvgvi
kvjxiv †eov‡Z Avmwj Km Avgv‡K Ñ †dKz K_v bv ej‡jB bq, ZvB e‡j| †mwU
n‡‪Q bv, eywR‡Pv Ñ †PvL eÜ K‡i g‡bi Aviv‡g ejj mynvm| I, ZvB Zzwg gv‡m
cuvPevi K‡i †QvU gvgvi k¦ïievwo †eovwZ hv‡‪Qv? eywRwP, ILv‡b †Zv cqmvKwo jv‡M
bv; Aviv‡gB Av‡Qv †`nv hvq Ñ †dKz †PvL gU‡K e‡j| (c„ : 11)
Zv‡ì åóZvi wbg′mxgv we¯‭…Z nq DØv¯‧ cwiev‡ii Amnvq‡Z¡i my‡hv‡M i Kz‡K m‡¤¢v‡Mi ga¨
w`‡q| mnvqm¤^jnxb GK DØv¯‧ cwiev‡ii Kb¨v i Kz| Afv‡ei Zvobvq Amnvq e„× wcZv Zvi
wewbg‡q A_©-DcvR©‡b eva¨ nq| AR cvovMuv‡q ÔRsMy‡j RvqMvqÕ wec`MÖ¯‭ e„×‡K UvKvi
wewbg‡q AvZ¥Rv‡K weµq Ki‡Z nq| Bbvg, mynvm, †dKz ch©vqµ‡g e„×‡K A_© †`q, i Kz‡K
†fv‡Mi D‡Ï‡k¨| M‡í GKw`‡K Rxebhy‡× civwRZ e„‡×i nvnvKvi, Aciw`‡K bó mgv‡R bó
Zi ‡Yi cvkweK fqsKi g`gË Djøvm ¯úófv‡e DrKxY©| GB wZb hye‡Ki cvkweK jvjmv,
Rv‰‭e Rxebhvcb I AmvgvwRK Kg©B mgKvjxb mgv‡Ri Aw¯ wZkxj PvjwP‡Îi cÖKvkK| G
M‡íi Aci gyL¨ PwiÎ fviZ †_‡K AvMZ Ôe„×Õ| †m my¯  I wbwðZ Rxebhvc‡bi j‡¶¨ fviZ
†_‡K c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡b Av‡m wK‰‧ A_©‣bwZK AwbðqZv I Rxebhy‡× µgvMZ civR‡qi d‡j
mgv‡Ri åó PwiÎ‡ì AbyK¤úv I K…cv wb‡q Zv‡K †eu‡P _vK‡Z nq| Z‡e wbt¯^ e„×wU ¯^fv‡e
ga¨we‡Ëi PvwiÎ¨j¶Y aviY K‡i| ga¨weËmyjf K…wÎg f`ªZv‡K gy‡Lvk ev eg© wn‡m‡e eënvi
K‡i †m Kb¨vi m¤£g wewµ K‡i| G‡Z e„× wcZvi ü`q nvnvKvi K‡i, g„Zzï cÖv‰‭mxgvq
DcbxZ nq; Rxe‡bi njvnj cv‡bi GB AwfÁZv ¶wqòz mgv‡Ri e¨_©Zv‡K cÖKU K‡i
†Zv‡j| MíKvi wbi‡c¶ I mvejxj fw½gvq Gme PwiÎ A¼b K‡i‡Qb|
mgv‡Ri Gme bó PwiÎ A¼‡bi A‰‭iv‡j Ges e„‡×i Rxebhvc‡bi AmnvqZv wPÎ‡Yi
Avov‡j MíKvi Ô†`kwefv‡MiÕ g‡Zv GKwU M~p mZ¨ D‡b¥vP‡bi cÖqvm Pvwj‡q‡Qb| e„‡×i
AvcvZ-AmsjM′ evK¨ †_‡K Zvi Rxe‡bi njvn‡ji m~ÎcvZ I we¯‭…wZ Ges welv³ cwiYwZ
µgk ¯úó| MíKvi GB fvemZ¨ D‡b¥vP‡b AmsjM′ I Amgvß evK¨web¨v‡mi †h evZveiY
m„wó K‡i‡Qb Zv AZzjbxq| mv¤cÖ`vwqKZvi wfwË‡Z †`kwefvR‡bi d‡j ev¯‧nviv gvby‡li
`ytmn ¯§„wZ, AvRb¥jvwjZ wf‡UgvwUi cÖwZ gvZ…myjf cig gvqv, DØv¯‧ Rxe‡bi A_©‣bwZK
msKU gvbyl‡K mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© fqsKi msK‡U wbcwZZ K‡i| †`kfv‡Mi d‡j gvZ…f~wg
Z¨v‡Mi h‰¿Yv I Gi welgq dj MíKvi `¶Zvi mv‡_ Dc¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb| cÖm½Z e„‡×i †ek
K‡qKwU msjvc GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ :
†`k †Q‡o‡Q †h Zvi †fZi evB‡i †bB| me GK n‡q †M‡Q| (c„ : 15)
301
... †Zvgiv bv _vK‡j bv †L‡q gi‡Z nZ GB Rs¸‡j RvqMvq Ñ ey‡ov ej‡Q, evwoi evMvb
†_‡K Ab′ †RvUv‡bv Avevi Avgv‡ì K¤§ Ñ n¨vt| Ime †Zvgiv Rv‡bv| Avgiv ïK‡bv †`‡ki
†jvK, eyB‡j bv? me †mLv‡b AbïKg, fveavivB Avjv`v Avgv‡ì| GLv‡b bv †L‡q gviv
†hZvg †Zvgiv bv _vK‡j eveviv! (c„ : 15-16)
Avi KZ †h avi wb‡Z n‡e †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q! K‡eB ev ïa‡Z cvie GB me UvKv? (c„ : 16)
Avwg hLb GLv‡b Gjvg, Avwg hLb GLv‡b Gjvg, nuvcv‡Z nuvcv‡Z, Kuvc‡Z Kuvc‡Z
†m ej‡Q, eyS‡j hLb GLv‡b Gjvg ... Zvi GLv‡b Avmvi K_v Avi wKQz‡ZB dz‡iv‡‪Q bv Ñ
mvivivZ a‡i †m ej‡Q, GLv‡b hLb Gjvg Ñ Avwg cÖ_‡g GKUv Kiex MvQ jvMvB ... ZLb û
û K‡i †K †Ku‡` DVj, Pzwoi kã G‡jv, G‡jv‡g‡jv kvwoi kã Avi Bbv‡gi Abyf‡e dz‡U
DVj wb‡Uvj †mvbvi‡Oi †`n Ñ mynvm nvm‡Q wn wn wn Ñ Avwg GKUv Kiex MvQ jvMvB eyS‡j?
e‡j _vg‡jv ey‡ov, Kvb′v ïb‡jv, nvwm ïbj, dz‡ji R‡b¨ bq, ey‡ov ejj, wewPi R‡b¨, ey‡SP
Kiex dy‡ji wewPi R‡b¨| PgrKvi wel nq Kiex dz‡ji wewP‡Z| Avevi û û †duvcvwb G‡jv
Avi GB K_v e‡j Mí †kl bv Ki‡ZB cvwb‡Z Wy‡e †h‡Z, †f‡m †h‡Z _vKj ey‡ovi gyL Ñ
(c„ : 16-17)
D×…Zvsk¸‡jv †_‡K e„‡×i K_bfv‡l¨ †`kfv‡Mi d‡j m„ó `yM©wZ ¯úó| we‡klZ me©‡kl
D×…wZ‡Z e„‡×i euvPvi me©‡kl mv‰‭¡bvI wbt‡kwlZ| AvZ¥Rvi Acgvb Zv‡K mn¨ Ki‡Z nq,
†hb Kiex MvQ †ivc‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q †h wele„¶ †ivcb mgvß n‡qwQj ZviB dj Zv‡K †fvM
Ki‡Z nq| e„‡×i GB eqv‡bi ga¨ w`‡q nvmvb AvwRRyj nK cÖKi‡Yi DrK‡l©i P~ovq
†cu․Qvb|
G M‡íi bvgKiY cÖZxKx Zvrc‡h© F×| ÔAvZ¥RvÕ I ÔKiex MvQÕ †`kZ¨vMx, DØv¯‧
e„‡×i Rxe‡b mgv_©K| my¯^v`y dj cÖvwßi cÖZ¨vkvq gvbyl e„¶‡ivcY K‡i; G M‡íi e„× †ivcY
K‡i‡Q Kiex MvQ, hvi dj enb K‡i Zxeª wZ³Zv Ñ njvnj| Kb¨vi m¤£‡gi wewbg‡q AwR©Z
A‡_© Rxeb avi‡Y eva¨ nIqv, Zvi Kv‡Q Kiex Mv‡Qi welgq dj f¶‡Yi bvgv‰‭i gvÎ|
Ab¨v‡_©, Kb¨vwU GLv‡b Kiex MvQ, Zvi AwR©Z A_© Kiex Mv‡Qi dj; Zv MÖnY K‡i wZ³fv‡e
†eu‡P _vKv hvq gvÎ Ñ mdjfv‡e weKwkZ nIqv hvq bv| Avi G cwiYwZi Rb¨ A‡bK wKQzi
†P‡q †jLK †`kfvM‡K e„n`v‡_© `vqx K‡i‡Qb Ges evsjv Z_v fviZwefw³i gva¨‡g cÖvß
¯^vaxbZv‡K wele„‡¶i dj iƒ‡c wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb| †jL‡Ki Giƒc mZ¨ D‡b¥vPb Zvi AwfÁZv-
cyó|
ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ welq-•ef‡e AZz¨‪P gv‡bi| G M‡í MíKvi GKw`‡K
†`kKvj I FZzej‡qi f~‡Mv‡j cÖ‡ek K‡ib Ab¨w`‡K cÖmvwiZ `„wó‡Z mgv‡Ri eûgyLx PwiÎ
I NUbvmg~‡ni wbLyuZ Qwe A¼b K‡i evsjv †QvUM‡íi A‰‭f©ey b‡K F× K‡ib|11 ZvQvov
GLv‡b †`kZ¨vMx e„‡×i wea″¯‭ cvwievwiK Ae¯ v mgKv‡ji mgvReë¯ v I •`wkK ivRbxwZi
cÖZ¨¶ wPÎ nvwRi K‡i| i M′ ivRbxwZi K‚UPv‡j wef³ †`‡ki wbg©g I Ki Y cwiYwZ‡K
†jLK †hb †Pv‡L AvOyj w`‡q †`wL‡q‡Qb| ïi ‡ZB mvs‡KwZKZvq M‡íi cwiYwZi Avfvm
cvIqv hvq| bvwZ`xN© G MíwU mvgvwRK I HwZnvwmK NUbv M‡f© aviY K‡i mgvR I
BwZnv‡mi wekvj cwim‡ii Bw½Zevnx n‡q D‡V‡Q|
mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi †cÖw¶‡Z m„ó •bivR¨, exfrmZv, RbRxe‡bi nvnvKvi, AmnvqZ¡,
cvi¯úwiK Awek¦vm ÔcievmxÕ M‡í wbLyuZfv‡e wPwÎZ| 1947 mv‡j wØRvwZZ‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z
MwVZ iv‡óªi A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zv, gvbweKZvi P~ov‰‭ Acgvb `„ó nq ivóª `ywU MV‡bi AeëwnZ
302
c‡iB| ivpe‡½i K…lK ewki mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi Ke‡j c‡o MÖvgevmxi mv‡_ ¯¿x, cyÎ, ÁvwZ
PvPvi g„Zz¨ cÖZ¨¶ K‡i Ges wb‡Ri Rxeb euvPv‡Z cvwj‡q Av‡m cvk¦©eZ©x ivóª c~e© cvwK¯‭v‡bi
mxgv‡‰‭| mxgv‰‭ AwZµg Ki‡Z wM‡q Av‡eM I †µvaekZ GK wn‱`y e¨w³‡K †m nZ¨v K‡i|
ci¶‡YB Zvi g‡a¨ ïf‡ev‡ai D‡b¥l N‡U, †m †eva K‡i Zvi ÁvwZ PvPv g„Z IqvRwÏ I m`¨-
wbnZ wn‱`y e¨w³i gyLveqe GKB iKg| †m AviI †eva K‡i, wn‱`y ev gymwjg bq, gvbyl nZ¨v
cÖK…Zc‡¶ gvbeZvi Acgvb|
ÔcievmxÕ M‡íi g~j PwiÎ ewki| K…wlRxex cwiev‡ii m‰‭vb ewk‡ii Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwgi
cwigvY gvÎ †ò we‡NÑ hv w`‡q Zvi wZb gv‡mi Ab′ms¯ vb nq| A‡bï Rwg‡Z KvR K‡i
eQ‡ii evwK mg‡qi Lv‡`ï ms¯ vb Ki‡Z nq| cÖvwZôvwbK wk¶v †bB, †PZbvI ZZUv cÖLi
bq; G Kvi‡Y fviZ-cvwK¯‭v‡b msNwUZ mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi Le‡i †m wePwjZ †eva K‡i|
wb‡Ri Avµv‰‭ nIqvi Avk¼vq AvZw¼Z _v‡K| IqvRwÏi K_vq mv‰‭¡bv cvq| G‡Z ewki
Pwi‡Îi mvij¨ cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| cwiev‡ii cÖwZ †m′nkxj e‡jB `v½vi Av¸‡b `» ¯¿x -cy‡Îi
w`‡K ZvwK‡q †m nvnvKvi K‡i| gg©¯úk©x †m nvnvKviI ewk‡ii mvij¨ cÖKvkK :
Avjøv Zz wh _vwKm gvby‡li `¨v‡nvUvi gwa¨ Ñ eyKdvUv wPrKvi K‡i DVj ewki, †KvZv,
†KvZv _vwKm Zz, KzbLv‡b _vwKm ej| (c„ : 27)
Z‡e GB mvij¨ †µv‡a cwiYZ nq wbõj Av‡µv‡k| wK‰‧ cÖvYf‡q fxZ ewki gvZ…f~wg Z¨vM
K‡i Ab¨‡`‡k cÖ‡e‡ki cÖv°v‡j g„Z PvPv, m‰‭vb I ¯¿xi ¯§„wZcxwoZ n‡q GKRb wn‱`y e¨w³‡K
nZ¨v K‡i| cÖwZ‡kva¯ú„nvi ekeZ©x n‡q ewki nZ¨vKvÊ NUv‡jI Zvi gvbweK †eva wd‡i
Av‡m ci¶‡YB| gvZ…f~wg Z¨vM K‡i ïay ¯â‡g©i msL¨vMwiô RbMY-Aay¨wlZ iv‡óª cievmx
nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q gvbyl †h cÖK…Zc‡¶ Zvi Avevj¨jvwjZ Rb¥f~wg, cwi‡ek-cwiRb †_‡K
Avg~j DrcvwUZ nq ewki PwiÎ †m me gvby‡liB cÖej cÖwZwbwa|
G M‡í IqvRwÏ Pwi‡Îi Dcw¯ wZ ¯^í¶‡Yi| GB Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B †m Zvi ¯^vZ‰¿¨
cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| †m-I K…lK, †RvZ`v‡ii Rwg‡Z KvR K‡i Ab′ms¯ v‡bi Rb¨| GKB MÖv‡gi
evwm‱`v ewki I IqvRwÏ cÖwZ‡ekx| cvi¯úwiK mnR m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y Zviv GKmv‡_ avb
Kv‡U, †RvZ`v‡ii Kv‡R hvq| mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi ¸R‡ei †cÖw¶‡Z ewki gymjgvb ivóª
cvwK¯‭v‡b hvIqvi wP‰‭v Ki‡j IqvRwÏi e³‡e¨ cÖKvwkZ nq ivwóªK bvMwi‡Ki m‡PZbZv,
Rb¥f~wgi cÖwZ `„p fv‡jvevmv| IqvRwÏi Dw³ :
†Zvi evc K‡Uv? Gu¨vÑ K‡Uv evc? gv K‡Uv? GK‡Uv †Zv? `¨vkI †Zgwb GK‡Uv|
eyBwj? (c„:26)
GB ïfeyw×m¤úb′ gvbylwU‡K mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi †ivlvb‡j c‡o wbnZ n‡Z nq|
ÔcievmxÕ M‡í Avi †Kv‡bv PwiÎ Abycw¯ Z| mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v I †`kfv‡Mi d‡j m„ó
MøvwbKi, Agh©v`vKi RxebhvÎvi wkKvi wbixn gvbyl‡ì †M․iegq wPÎvqY ÔcievmxÕ|
mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK AvwacZëv‡ì Ke‡j c‡o c~e© cvwK¯‭vb I fvi‡Zi wbixn RbM‡Yi
AeY©bxq jvÃbv kvw‰‭i evYx‡K Dcnvm K‡i| mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv-wbf©i ivóªwefvRb, Gi †cÖw¶‡Z
wn‱`y-gymwjg Dfq m¤cÖ`v‡qi ¯^fw~ g Z¨vM K‡i wbR ag©vej¤^xi msL¨vMwiô As‡k Mgb Ges
mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v cÖf„wZi wecix‡Z Ae¯ vbiZ mvaviY gvby‡li mij Rxebhvc‡bi g‡a¨ Gme
ZvÊe AZ¨‰‭ wbg©g I Z_¨c~Y©-ev¯‭evbyM K‡i nvmvb AvwRRyj nK ÔcievmxÕ M‡í Dc¯ vcb
K‡i‡Qb|
303
†`kfvM I mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi †cÖw¶‡Z iwPZ G M‡íi eY©bvq nvmvb AvwRRyj nK
mvgÄm¨c~Y© Bw½Zgq evK¨web¨v‡mi Avkªq wb‡q‡Qb| †hgb, †c․‡li gvSvgvwS Avm‡ZB
iƒ‡cvi gZ kv`v n‡q G‡jv mvgvb¨gvÎ B¯úvr †Quvqv‡bv †jvnvi Kv‡¯‭| gv‡Vi avb KvUv n‡q
wM‡q AuvwUeuvav †kl nj Ñ hy×‡¶‡Î AMwYZ g„Z •mwb‡Ki gZ †gvUv gv_vi AuvwU¸‡jv Rwg‡Z
c‡o iBj wKQzw`b| (c„ : 20)
mgZj P¨vcUv †`k †_‡K ZLb mey‡Ri wPý wejyß n‡q‡Q, Lvj¸‡jv‡Z wgkwg‡k
Kv‡jv is-Gi Kv`v Qvov Avi wKQzB †bB| Kv`v‡LuvPvi j¤^v †VuvU LP LP K‡i ¶Zwe¶Z
K‡i‡Q KuvPv Kv`v‡K, GK V¨vs-Gi Ici fi w`‡q Kv‡jvq-kv`vq †gkv‡bv weivU mvi‡mi `j
j¤^v mvwi w`‡q em‡Z ïi  K‡i‡Q| DËz‡i evZvm w`b w`b m¼zwPZ Ki‡Z ïi  Kij †`kUv‡K,
MvQ¸‡jv m¤ú~Y© Dj½ n‡q †Mj Ges NvmcvZvi is-Gi m‡½ is wgwj‡q w`‡q Mvp meyRe‡Y©i
dwos †g‡U n‡q †Mj| Avi a~mi P¨vcUv †`k Mi i Mvwoi †bwgwPwýZ mgv‰‭ivj PIov iv¯‭vq
Av‡óc„‡ô euvav c‡o †Mj| (c„ : 21)
kxZ hZ cÖPÊB †nvK bv, hZB mvgvb¨ †nvK dj‡bi cwigvY Ges †nvK-bv †mB
dm‡ji A‡a©KUvB Rwgi gvwj‡Ki evwo‡Z Zz‡j w`‡q Avm‡Z, Zey kxZ wK Ki‡Z cv‡i?
Kv‡RB †MvUv Muv‡qi Kv‡¯‭ mPj n‡q D‡V‡Q h_vixwZ| †gvUv †Quvov i¨vcvi wKsev gqjvq `yM©Ü
Kuv_v Mv‡q w`‡qB gvbyl¸‡jv‡K kxZ Ges DËz‡i evZv‡mi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡q‡Q| (c„ : 20)
Gme eY©bvq GKw`‡K ivpe‡½i cÖK…wZ Aciw`‡K †RvZ`vi KZ…©K K…lK †kvlY Ges
Ôivóª I mgv‡Ri `nbc‡e©i cÖLiZi Dcw¯ wZÕ12 †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q|
ÔcievmxÕ MíwU wee„wZg~jK Ges GwU g~j Pwi‡Îi `„wó‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| G M‡íi
mgqKvj ÔkxZÕ FZz| D‡jøL¨, ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ M‡íi Kvwnbxi mgqKvjI ÔkxZÕ
FZz| bó mgvR‡K weeY© Kv‡ji Avav‡i cwi‡ekb K‡i MíKvi Dfq M‡íB cÖK…wZ I
gvbeRxeb‡K MÖw‰ e× K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e †`kwefv‡Mi e¨w³ AwfÁZv-mg„× nvmvb AvwRRyj nK
ÔcievmxÕ M‡í mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv I Zvi wfwË‡Z wef³ iv‡óªi A‰‭tcwiw¯ wZi wbôziZv-wnsmªZv-
cw¼jZvi wbg©g, ev¯‭e I wkwíZ wPÎ AsKb K‡i‡Qb|
ÔmvZPwjø‡ki †`k wefv‡MvËiKv‡ji DØv¯‧ I `v½vKewjZ Rxe‡bi gg©we`vixÕ13
NUbv‡K †K‱`ª K‡i ÔgvixÕ M‡íi KvVv‡gv M‡o D‡V‡Q| msµvgK †iv‡M e¨vcK g„Zz¨ ev
goK‡K ÔgvixÕ ejv nq| DØv¯‧wkwe‡i Lv`¨vfve, AcÖZzj Lv`¨`ªe¨ I wPwKrmvmvgMÖx,
A¯^v¯ ¨Ki cwi‡e‡k gvixi Dc`ªe ïi  n‡j e¨vcK gvby‡li cÖvYnvwb N‡U| DØv¯‧‡ì Avkªq
MÖn‡Y GjvKvevmx Z_v MÖvgevmx‡ì bvbvgyLx cÖwZwµqv †`Lv †`q| ÔgvixÕ MíwU Gme welq
wN‡iB AvewZ©Z|
evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶YvÂ‡ji GKwU MÖv‡g †`kfvM-DËi widzwR ev DØv¯‧‡ì AvMgb,
Zv‡ì AvMgb-†Kw‱`ªK mgm¨vewj I Zv‡ì AmnvqZ¡ G M‡íi g~j welq| kxZKv‡j, ¯‥zj eÜ
_vKvKvjxb miKvwi wb‡`©‡k GKwU ¯‥z‡j PvikZ DØv¯‧ Avkªq MÖnY K‡i| cÖavbwk¶K
Abvwèveyi Abycw¯ wZ‡Z Awdm †Lvjvi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ †g․jwe mv‡ne DØv¯‧‡ì Avkªq `vb
I †`Lv‡kvbv K‡ib| miKv‡ii c¶ †_‡K mxwgZ cwigv‡Y Pvj weZiY Kiv n‡j ¶zavZ© gvbyl
†MvMÖv‡m Zv †L‡q †bq| ¯ vbxq MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM© I mgvR‡mex‡ì D‡`¨v‡M `ya weZiY Kiv
nq| w`b‡k‡l iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i †`Lv hvq ¯‥zjevwoi AmsL¨ gvbyl wekªx MÜ Qwo‡q ewg Ki‡Q
Avi nuvdv‡‪Q| †evSv hvq go‡Ki Xj †b‡g‡Q| ag©wfwËK †`k wefvRb, ivóª cwiPvjbvq
304
kvmK‡ì myôz cwiKíbvi Afve, m‡e©vcwi RwUjZvc~Y© ivRbxwZ I Gi me©MÖvmx cÖfv‡e gvix
AcÖwZ‡iva¨ n‡q I‡V|
ÔgvixÕ M‡í †Kv‡bv GKK PwiÎ †bB| A‡bK¸‡jv Pwi‡Îi Dcw¯ wZ m‡Ë¡I KviI GKK
ev ¯^Z‰¿ †Kvb f~wgKv †bB, Kg mg‡qi Dcw¯ wZ Ges mg‡eZ Kvh©µ‡gB e¨w³PwiÎ cwiùzU
n‡q‡Q| †hgb †g․jwe mv‡ne widzwR‡ì AvMg‡b GKUz wei³ n‡jI Zv‡ì AmnvqZ¡ ü`q½g
K‡ib Ges Avkªq w`‡Z e×cwiKi nb| Aciw`‡K iwd‡Ki g‰‭‡e¨ †evSv hvq e¨w³MZ
Amyweavi R‡b¨B †m widzwR‡ì wei ‡×| KviY Pvi‡kv widzwRi AvMg‡b Afve-AbUb evo‡e,
KvR Kg‡e, evRv‡i wRwbm-c‡Îi g~j¨ e„w× cv‡e| iwd‡Ki g‰‭e¨:
†hnv‡b B‡‪Q †mnv‡b hvK, Avgiv giwZwQ wb‡R‡Mv R¡vjvq, G¨vnb widzwR Avwj
euvP‡eb GKWv †jvKÑ Kbw`wb! ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ...
GB widzwRiv Mfi‡g‡‱Ui mvOi †f‡½ †`‡e‡b Kjvg| (c„: 45)
Z‡e gZ‡je mvay I bdi Lvb widzwR‡ì mvnvh¨v‡_© g‡bv‡hvMx| Av‰‭wiKfv‡eB Zviv
widzwR‡ì Rb¨ Ô`yaÕ mieivn K‡i| ag©wfwËK iv‡óª gymwjg‡ì msL¨vMwiôZv Ges a‡g©i
ivR‣bwZK cÖ‡qv‡M m„ó DØv¯‧‡ì cÖwZ gymwjg cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì mvnv‡hï bgybv ¶xY| GgZve¯ v
`„‡ó gZ‡je I bdi Df‡qB wei³| G cÖm‡½ gZ‡j‡ei Dw³:
GQjvg †Kvqv‡b? eyBQ? me †gvbv‡dK, eyBQ? (c„: 45)
bd‡ii cÖwZ-Dw³ :
†KD Avmev‡b, hvev‡b Avgv‡ì m‡½ g‡b n‡‪Q †Zvgvi? cvMj nBQ? (c„ : 45)
G‡ì msjv‡c kvmK‡kªYx I Zv‡ì mg_©K‡Mvôxi g‡bvfve my¯úó| Z‡e †kl ch©‰‭
mvnvh¨`v‡bi cyY¨ AR©‡b wiqvRwÏ I Kexi mv‡ne Zv‡ì mv‡_ hy³ nq| gwZ, Rvdi, ing I
nvwee DØv¯‧‡ì `y`©kvMÖ¯‭ Rxe‡bi mgv‡jvPbv K‡i wK‰‧ mvnv‡hï nvZ evwo‡q †`q bv|
MíwUi ¯ vb, Kvj wKQyB D‡jøL †bB| Z‡e GKwU w`‡bi Kvh©µg GLv‡b ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki `w¶YvÂ‡ji fvlvi eënv‡i MíwUi NUbvi ¯ vb Abygvb Kiv hvq|
MíwUi iPbvKv‡jI †òhyM Av‡Mi †`kfv‡Mi i³v³ ¯§„wZ †jL‡Ki g‡b wµqvkxj wQj †m
Kvi‡Y †`kfv‡MvËi DØv¯‧ cwiw¯ wZ Gi DcRxe¨| G M‡í ewY©Z goK-c~e©eZ©x NUbvewji
mv‡_ MíKv‡ii evj¨Kv‡j †`Lv GKwU NUbvi †ek mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| `ywf©‡¶i AwfÁZv †eva
Kwi, wZwb †mLvb †_‡KB MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi fvlvq NUbvwU wbg′iƒc :
g‡b Av‡Q 1947/48-Gi w`‡K Avgv‡ì cvovq cuvPRb ev` w`‡q mevB g¨v‡jwiqvq
Kvr nj| MÖv‡gi GKgvÎ G¨v‡jvc¨v_ Wv³vi Pvlevm ev` w`‡q Bqv †gvUv m~‡Pi
wmwi‡Ä KzBbvBb Bb‡RKkvb w`‡q `y cqmv Kvgv‡Z ïi  K‡ib| Zuvi cmvi †`‡L
Amnvq †nvwgIc¨v_ Wv³vievey Bb‡RKkvb iß Ki‡Z wM‡q GK †ivMxi Rxeb wecb′
K‡i †d‡jb| Avwg †`‡LwQ| †k‡l njy` Avi †g‡U is-Gi ewo Av‡m B¯‥z‡ji gv÷vi
gkvB‡qi Kv‡Q| KzBbvBb Avi g¨vcvwµb| ZvB †L‡q g¨v‡jwiqv mv‡i wK‰‧ wc‡j
†ewi‡q Av‡m Ñ Kvb †fuv †fuv K‡i Ñ Avwds‡Lv‡ii g‡Zv mevB‡K eva¨ n‡q GK †XuvK
K‡i `ya †L‡ZB nq|14
Gme AwfÁZvi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q ÔgvixÕ M‡í|
305
ÔgvixÕ MíwUi Dc¯ vcb-†K․k‡j GKUz wfb′Zv j¶ Kiv hvq| MíwU‡Z ÔGKB m‡½ RwUj
ivRbxwZi KzcÖfve Ges kvmK‡Mvôxi AgvbweK AvPi‡Yi w`KwU mgy ¢vwmZ n‡q‡QÕ15| ZvQvov
cÖnmbg~jK ÎvYZrciZv, gvby‡li Amnvq Ae¯ v‡ZI GK‡kªYxi gvby‡li cvi¯úwiK Cl©v -
we‡Øl, we‡ivwaZv I myweavev` G M‡í cÖZ¨¶fv‡e bq, c‡iv¶fv‡e wPwÎZ| gyL¨Z, 1947-
Gi †`kfv‡Mi d‡j m„ó DØv¯‧ mgm¨v I DØv¯‧‡ì AmnvqZ¡B MíwU‡Z Bw½Zgq n‡q D‡V‡Q|
Rxeb N‡l Av¸b MÖ‡‰ i wØZxq Mí ÔLuvPvÕ| 1947-Gi mv¤cÖ`vwqK †`k-wefvRb
ag©xq msL¨vjNy gvby‡li g‡b Zxeª welwµhv m„wó K‡i| GB welwµqv µgv‰^‡q nZvkvq
cwiewZ©Z nq Ges msL¨vjNy‡ì GK †`k †_‡K Ab¨‡`‡k cvwo Rgv‡Z gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ‡ivwPZ
K‡i| ÔLuvPvÕ MíwU †mB nZvkv`xY© gvby‡li PvjwPÎ|
evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU we‡kl AÂ‡j A¤^yRv¶ cwiev‡ii evm| ¯¿x m‡ivwRbx, wcZv
KvjxcÖmb′ I cyÎ Ai Y, m~h©, ei Y, Kgj I f¨vejv‡K wb‡q cÖvq wbg′we‡Ëi Rxebhvcb
A¤^yRv‡¶i| RxweKvi ZvwM‡` •cZ…K e„wË wk¶KZv †Q‡o †m †nvwgIc¨vw_i PP©v K‡i| wK‰‧
`wi`ª †ivMxi KvQ †_‡K we‡kl A_©myweav bv cvIqvq A¤^yRv‡¶i cwiev‡iI `vwi‡`ªï cà″wb
ïb‡Z cvIqv hvq| mv¤cÖ`vwqK Z‡Ë¡i wfwË‡Z †`kfvM n‡j Ab¨ A‡bK cwiev‡ii g‡Zv
A¤^yRv¶ cwieviI cÖwZ‡ekx ivóª fvi‡Z Ôwewbgq eë¯ vÕi gva¨‡g P‡j †h‡Z Pvq| fviZ
†_‡K AvMZ gymwjg‡ì evwoN‡ii mv‡_ evsjv‡`‡ki wn‱`y‡ì evwoNi wewbg‡qi ga¨ w`‡q
ci¯úi ¯^f~wg Z¨vM K‡i cvwo Rgvq wfb′ iv‡óª| Rxebhvc‡bi wbivcËvnxbZv A_©vr ¯^xq ag©xq
msL¨v¸i  iv‡óª ¯^‪Q‡‱` emev‡mi wbðqZv Zv‡ì GB ¯^fw~ g cwiZ¨v‡Mi KviY| G Kvi‡Y
A¤^yRv¶-m‡ivwRbx fvi‡Z hvIqvi Avkvq eyK euv‡a| Zv‡ì m‰‭vbivI e‡L hvq, ¯‥z‡j
wVKg‡Zv hvq bv KviY, IB †`‡k wM‡qB G‡Kev‡i ¯‥z‡j fwZ© nIqv hv‡e, evwoNi †givgZ bv-
Kivi wcQ‡bI GKB KviY wµqvkxj| Gi g‡a¨ Ai Y M„n‡èZv Z¶‡Ki Kvg‡o g„ZzëiY
K‡i, KvjxcÖmb′ c¶vNvZMÖ¯‭ nq| A¤^yRv¶I m‡ivwRbx‡K Rvbvq Zv‡ì hvIqv n‡‪Q bv,
G‡`‡kB Zviv †_‡K hv‡e| G‡Z cÖej Avkvf‡½i †e`bvq m‡ivwRbx a″s‡mvb¥Ë n‡q I‡V|
A¤^yRv‡¶i k‡Li †mZvi †f‡O †d‡j, n¨vwi‡Kb fv‡O Ges A¤^yRv¶‡KI cÖnv‡i D`¨Z nq|
M‡íi mgvwß GLv‡bB| †`kfvM-cieZ©x Avkv-wbivkv-nZvkvi GKwbô iƒcvqY ÔLuvPvÕ| Rxeb-
hvc‡bi e× LuvPvq AvUK cwiev‡ii e¨_v-†e`bvi wbg©g DcvL¨vb G Mí|
G M‡íi g~j PwiÎ A¤^yRv¶| •K‡kvi-†h․e‡b †m `¶Zvi mv‡_ †mZvi evRvZ| wK‰‧
RxweKvi ZvwM‡` Zv‡K †nvwgIc¨vw_ †e‡Q wb‡Z nq| RxweKvi bZzb c‡_ Avmvi ci †_‡K
†mZvi evRv‡bv eÜ n‡q hvq| mnR-mijfv‡e †m Mwie-`yt¯ ‡ì wPwKrmv K‡i, Zv‡ì
mvg‡_©ï K_v we‡ePbv K‡i wd-Gi R‡b¨ Pvc w`‡Z cv‡i bv| †`kfv‡Mi †cÖw¶‡Z mvgvwRK-
cvwicvwk¦©K I cvwievwiK Kvi‡Y Zv‡K †`kZ¨v‡Mi wm×v‰‭ wb‡Z nq| wK‰‧ AvRb¥jvwjZ
gvZ„f~wg †Q‡o hvIqvi K_v †m fve‡Z cv‡i bv| ¯¿x-cwiev‡ii Pv‡c Kó n‡jI †`kZ¨v‡Mi
wm×v‡‰‭ Zvi g‡bi †fZi †h nvnvKvi, †e`bv Av‡‱`vwjZ nq Zv MíKvi m~²fv‡e cwiùzU
K‡i‡Qb;
AvgivI hve Ñ AvgivI hve| ev‡R| ey‡Ki g‡a¨| GBme cwiZ¨vM K‡i, GB m‡ei
g‡a¨ g‡i wM‡q| GKUv mRj AvKvk, GKUv VvÊv evwo, cyKzi NvU, kv`v c_, jZvi
wgwó MÜ, Rwgi †kL, cÙwcmx GB m‡ei g‡a¨ g‡i wM‡q Avevi †eu‡P IVv| bZzb
Av‡jvq †PvL †i‡L| †mB bxj ce©Z‡kªYx, Dw`ª³ mgy`ª †PZbvq †`v‡j| AvgivI
hv‡ev| A¤^yRv¶ Lze ZvovZvwo †L‡Z _v‡K, Av‪Qv, Avgv‡ì GB †`‡kiB g‡Zv
306
†`L‡Z †Kv_vI †M‡j nq bv? †hgb a‡iv b`x Av‡Q, MvQcvjv GKUy †ewk Ñ †Kvb
VvÊv RvqMvq? (c„: 40)
wK‰‧ †klch©‰‭ cQ‡‱ì RvqMvq wewbg‡qi eë¯ v cvKv Ki‡Z †m e¨_© nq| ZvQvov cyÎ
Ai ‡Yi Z¶‡Ki Kvg‡o g„Zz¨, g„Zz¨‡K Dcnvm K‡i g„ZzëiY Kiv A¤^yRv¶‡K bZzb K‡i
fvevq| A¤^yRv‡¶i wP‰‭vq a″sm cÖwZwbqZ †Ljv K‡i| †m fv‡e,
... GKwUgvÎ †`kjvB KvwV LiP Ki‡jB û û Av¸b R¡j‡e, Av¸b GwM‡q hv‡e Qv‡`,
eiMvq, k~b¨ av‡bi †Mvjvq Ñ m‡ivwRbxi ïK‡bv nv‡o| jvwM‡q w`‡j nq, A¤^yRv¶
Avevi fve‡jv, Zvici m‡ivwRbx‡K Rwo‡q awi, ey‡K †U‡b Avwb Ñ Zvici Avwg,
m‡ivwRbx, evev, m~h©, ei Y, Kgj, f¨vejv mevB ùvwo‡q _vwK, me©bvk †`wL Ñ †k‡l
a″sm n‡q hvB| (c„: 46)
wK‰‧ cieZ©xKv‡j fvi‡Z MgbKvix e¨w³e‡M©i AwfÁZv †_‡K A¤^yRv¶ Rvb‡Z cv‡i, G‡`‡k
`yÕ‡ejv `yÕgy‡Vv †L‡Z †c‡jI I‡`‡ki †jv‡Kiv fv‡jv †bB| ZLb Rb¥f~wgi cÖwZ fv‡jvevmv I
we‡`‡k RxweKvi AwbðqZv Zv‡K ¯^‡`‡k _vK‡Z Aby‡cÖiYv †RvMvq| Z‡e a″smwP‰‭v‡K hLb
†h AwZµg K‡i, wfb‡`‡k hvIqvi wm×v‰‭ evwZj K‡i ZLb †m Avµv‰‭ nq m‡ivwRbxi
†¶v‡f| `xN©w`‡bi Avkv nZvkvq cwiYZ n‡j m‡ivwRbx †f‡O c‡o, A¤^yRv‡¶i a″sm Awbevh©
n‡q I‡V| A¤^yRv¶ Pwi‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q MíKvi G mgv‡Ri `wi`ª, wkí‡evam¤úb′ msL¨vjNyi
gvbwmKZv D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Qb|
ÔLuvPvÕ M‡íi †`kfv‡Mi d‡j msL¨v¸i  iv‡óª Mg‡bi Zxeª AvKv‫¶‫‬v e¨³ n‡q‡Q,
†mBm‡½ Gi cÖwZwµqv ¯îƒc ¯‥z‡j fwZ© bv-nIqv, Pzj-bL bv-KvUv, evwoNi †givgZ bv-Kiv,
†Svc-R½j cwi®‥vi bv-Kiv (meB I‡`‡k wM‡q GKev‡i Kivi AvKv‫¶‫‬v) cÖf„wZ wµqv †`Lv
hvq| G Kvi‡Y Avkvf‡½i †e`bvq cÖejfv‡e ZvwoZ n‡ZI †`Lv hvq| Avm‡j K¬vw‰‭Ki e„‡Ë
Ave× A¤^yRv‡¶i cwieviwUi nZvkv I h‰¿Yvi ga¨ w`‡q MíKvi wewbgqeë¯ vi AmviZv
†`wL‡q‡Qb Ges eywS‡q‡Qb A‡_©i gvb`‡Ê wba©vwiZ mgvReë¯ vq memgqB Zviv nZvkv I
eÂbvi wkKvi|16
†`kwefvM Ges †`kZ¨v‡Mi ¶Z nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki M‡íi welq wn‡m‡e G‡m‡Q
bvbvfv‡e| Gme Mí m¤ú‡K© MíKvi g‡b K‡ib, ÔwKQy wKQy Mí Av‡Q †h¸‡jvi Zvrch© n‡‪Q
GKUv we‡kl mg‡qi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z Ae¯ v| †m Ae¯ vUv P‡j †M‡j †Zgb †jLvi Zvrch©
A‡bKUvB P‡j hvq|Õ17 ZviciI Gme M‡íi welq GKwU we‡kl mg‡qi n‡jI M‡íi
Dc¯ vcbixwZ, cÖKiY‡K․k‡ji ¸‡Y me©Kv‡jB mvwnZïwm‡Ki g‡b Gi Av‡e`b D¾¡jiƒ‡c
_vK‡e|
DwjøwLZ Mí¸‡jv‡Z 1947 mv‡ji wefv‡MvËi Kv‡ji DØv¯‧ cwiw¯ wZ I DØv¯‧
Rxe‡bi eY©bv Bw½‡Zi mvnv‡h¨ ev‫‫‬gq n‡q D‡V‡Q| Mí¸‡jv wbæweË ev ga¨weË Rxe‡bi
cUf~wg‡ZB we‡køwlZ| welq-•ewP‡Î¨ mg„× Gme M‡í wbæweË I ga¨we‡Ëi RxebI GB
`yBfv‡e cÖKvwkZ| ivR‣bwZK wm×v‡‰‭i †cÖw¶‡Z †`kZ¨vMx gvby‡li weo¤^bv, Rxeb-hvc‡bi
`vq, PvKwiRxex ga¨we‡Ëi msKU, DØv¯‧ I kiYv_©x gvby‡li msKU, gb¯‭vwË¡K RwUjZv, MÖvgxY
Rxe‡bi wbg′weË gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi wbi‰‭i msMÖvg f„wZ welq G Mí¸‡jv‡K gg©¯úk©x K‡i
Zz‡j‡Q| †`kfvM †h mvaviY gvby‡li Rxe‡b †Kv‡bv mdjZv e‡q Av‡bwb Z_v mgvRRxe‡b
wnZKi cÖfve †d‡jwb ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õi evYxi cwiev‡ii wbtm½Zv, ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex
Mv‡QÕi DØv¯‧ e„‡×i wbt¯^Zv I nvnvKvi, ÔcievmxÕi K…lK ewki KZ…©K msNwUZ nZ¨vKvÊ I
307
cieZ©x‡Z †ev‡av`q, ÔgvixÕi kiYv_©x‡ì w`b-hvc‡bi AmnvqZ¡ Ges ÔLuvPvÕi A¤^yRv‡¶i
cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì gvbwmK wech©q cÖf„wZ NUbvq Zvi ewntcÖKvk| AwfRvZ ev D‪PeM©xq
bq, wbg′weË gvby‡li Rb¨ †`kfv‡Mi djvd‡j †jLK njvn‡ji mvag© j¶ K‡i‡Qb Ges
wbæweË kªgRxex gvby‡li †eu‡P _vKvi wbi‰‭i msMÖv‡gi cUf~wg‡Z †`kfvM-cieZ©x Ae¯ vi cÖwZ
A_©c~Y© Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb|
Z_¨wb‡`©k
1. i½jvj †mb, evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK ¯„i web¨vm, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1997, c„: 96-97
2. Kvgi Ïxb Avng`, c~e©evsjvi mgvR I ivRbxwZ, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv, 2002, c„: 79-80
3. †R. GBP. eª gwdì, ÔivRbxwZi mvgvwRK I cÖvwZôvwbK wfwË 1906-1947,
4. evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm 1704-1971, 1g LÊ, (wmivRyj Bmjvg m¤úvw`Z), GwkqvwUK
†mvmvBwU Ae evsjv‡`k, XvKv, 1993, c„: 364-365
5. Rb Avi. g¨vKjb, Ôe½wefvM (1905) : wn‱`y-gymwjg m¤úK©Õ, evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm
1704-1971, c~‡e©v³, c„:324-325
6. c~e©evsjvi mgvR I ivRbxwZ, c~‡e©v³, c„: 53
7. Avng` iwdK, evsjv‡`k : RvZxqZv I RvwZiv‡óªi mgm¨v, Abb¨v, XvKv, 2000, c„: 154
8. nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, mgy‡`ªi ¯^cœ, kx‡Zi AiY¨, gy³aviv, XvKv, 4_© cÖKvk: 1990, (1g
cÖKvk-1964), DrmM©-Ôgv-†KÕ, c„: 128, g~j¨ : lvU UvKv, cÖ‪Q`: KvBqyg †P․ayix|
Mí¸‡jvi iPbvKvj 1960-1964| cÖe‡Ü eëüZ ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õ M‡íi D×…wZi cvV M„nxZ
n‡q‡Q 1990 mv‡j gy³aviv cÖKvwkZ MÖ‰ wUi 4_© cÖKvk †_‡K|
9. nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ, gy³aviv, XvKv, 4_© cÖKvk: 1985, (1g
cÖKvk- 1967), DrmM© : ÔAve″v‡K, huvi mg„× AwfÁZvi †i․‡`ª evievi wd‡i †MwQÕ, c„:
90, g~j¨ : mv`v-22.00 UvKv, wbDRwcÖ‱U-16.00 UvKv| cÖ‪Q` : Aveyj eviK Avjfx|
Mí¸‡jvi iPbvKvj : 1964-1967| cÖe‡Ü eëüZ D×…wZi cvV M„nxZ n‡q‡Q 1985
mv‡j gy³aviv cÖKvwkZ MÖ‰ wUi 4_© cÖKvk †_‡K|
10.nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, Rxeb N‡l Av¸b, gy³aviv, XvKv, 1973, (2q cÖKvk: 1985),
DrmM©: AMÖRv Rvnvbviv †eMg‡K, c„: 99, g~j¨: mv`v-25.00 UvKv, †jLK KvMR-18.00
UvKv| cÖ‪Q` : Kvjvg gvngy`| cÖe‡Ü eëüZ ÔLuvPvÕ M‡íi D×…wZi cvV M„nxZ n‡q‡Q
1985 mv‡j gy³aviv cÖKvwkZ MÖ‰ wUi wØZxq cÖKvk †_‡K|
308
11. gnxeyj AvwRR, nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : ivpe‡½i DËivwaKvi, AwPiv, PÆMÖvg, 1395, c„:
33-34
12.RyjwdKvi gwZb, evsjv‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨ : webvkx mgq Awebvkx Kvj, gvIjv eªv`vm©, XvKv,
2001, c„: 12
13.Z‡cvaxi fÆvPvh©, †QvUM‡íi Aš„fye© b, gnvRvwZ cÖKvkb, KwjKvZv, 2000, c„: 83
14.Avey Rvdi, nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki M‡íi mgvRev¯„eZv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv, 1996,
c„: 33
15.nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, ivpe‡½i Mí, BD.wc.Gj.XvKv, 1398, c„: 4
16.nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : ivpe‡½i DËivwaKvi, c~‡e©v³, c„: 44
17.H, c„: 62-63
18. mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi m¤úvw`Z, mv¶vrKvi : nvmvb AvwRRyj nK (gnxeyj AvwRR KZ©„K
M„nxZ), m‡‱`k, XvKv, 1993, c„: 65
[†jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, †iv‡Kqv wek¦we`¨vjq, iscyi|]
nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki Mí : cÖvwYcÖm½
gv my ` i n gv b
Av‡MB e‡j †bIqv fv‡jv cÖvYx ej‡Z Avgiv GLv‡b gvbe e¨ZxZ RxeR‰‧ A_©vr
cïcvwLcZ½‡K eywS‡qwQ| cÖ_gZ-cÖavbZ-†klZ wkímvwnZ¨ gvby‡li Øviv m„ó, gvby‡li R‡b¨
iwPZ, gvby‡liB K_vÑKvwnbx| wk‡íi welq, Aw‰^ó I cÖvwß †h‡nZz gvbyl, ZvB Zv‡K †Zv
Avgiv †mLv‡b cveBÑ†mUvB kZ© I `vwe| Ges wkímvwn‡Zï mgv‡jvPbvq Avgiv Av‡L‡i
mgvRw¯ Z I e¨w³Z¡gwÊZ gvbyl‡KB kbv³ K‡i _vwK| gvbyl‡K wPwÎZ Kivi gvb‡mB Abyl½
wn‡m‡e cïcvwLi eënvi| wk‡í †hgb cÖK…wZi K_v Av‡m KviY gvbyl wb‡RB cÖK…wZi Ask,
†Zgwb cïi K_v Av‡m Av‡m KviY Giv Zvi cÖwZ‡ekx| cÖK…wZi †hgb i `ª‡Kvgj iƒc Av‡Q
cïi †Zgwb fv‡jvg‱` ¯^fve Av‡Q; gvby‡li c‡¶ ¶wZKi Ges DcKvix Rv‡Zi cÖvYx Av‡Q|
cÖK…wZ Avgv‡ì bxi‡e AvwZ_¨ †`q, wK‰‧ cï †mB K‡e †_‡KB mie-mwµq mnPi| G-gyn~‡Z©
Avgiv GKv‡ji cwi‡ekev`x‡ì cÖvwY‣ewPÎ¨ I me©cÖvYxi DcKvwiZvi ZË¡ Avg‡j AvbwQ bv|
Avgiv ¯§i‡Y AvbwQ †h, †mB Avw`Kvj †_‡KB gvbyl Zvi GB wbKU¯ ‡K wb‡q m„RbKíbvq
309
gË i‡q‡Q| cÖvPxb me a‡g©-ms¯‥v‡i cïcvwLi Kx cÖZvckvjx, cÖfycÖwZg Ae¯ vb! gvb‡ei
Avw`Zg wkíPP©vi bgybv wn‡m‡e †hme ¸nvwPÎ cvw‪Q Zv A‡bKUvB cïgq|
Gici †_‡K gvbyl bvbvfv‡e cÖK…wZi g‡Zv cï‡KI wk‡í eënvi K‡i Avm‡Q Ges
g‡b n‡‪Q GB eënvi KL‡bvB †kl n‡e bv, Pj‡ZB _vK‡e bvbv •ewP‡Î¨| nvmvb AvwRRyj
n‡Ki (R.1939) g‡Zv mv_©K, ev¯‭eev`x I Avgv‡ì GKRb cÖavb MíKv‡ii m„wóK‡g©
cïcvwL Kxfv‡e DcPvi n‡q G‡m‡Q †mUvB Avgv‡ì GLbKvi Abym‡Üq| ÔAbym‡ÜqÕi e`‡j
Ô†Mv GlYvÕ K_vwU ej‡Z cvi‡j nZ, wK‰‧ `ywU Kvi‡Y mshZ njvg| cÖ_gZ, †m‡¶‡Î nq‡Zv
Zvij¨‡`vl NUZ, Avevi Gi mwÜwb®úb′ iƒcwU fvwiw° I †cvkvwK cÖK…wZi n‡q hvq| wØZxqZ,
Avgiv G-Av‡jvPbvq ïay H GKwU cÖvYxB LuyRe bv, M„ncvwjZ-†cvl¨, PZz®ú`x I c¶x-cZ½
GgbwK KwíZ cÖvYxi eënviUvI ch©‡e¶Y Kie|
¯ vb¯^íZvi Kvi‡Y GB Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv nvmv‡bi mKj MíMÖ‰ ‡K eënvi Kie bv|
Drm wn‡m‡e †be Zuvi wZbwU MíMÖ‰ Ñ Ômgy‡`ªi ¯^c′, kx‡Zi AiY¨Õ (1964), ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU
Kiex MvQÕ (1967), I ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ (1973)| GB wbe©vP‡bi KviY mvaviY I mvgvb¨Ñ
cÖKv‡ki avivevwnKZvq GB eB¸‡jv †jL‡Ki cÖ_g wZbwU MímsKjb| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨B
nvmv‡bi M‡í cïcvwLi eënv‡ii cÖK…wZ-cÖeYZv-cwigvY I m¤úv`b-KzkjZv †evSv hv‡e|
mvaviY eY©bv : GB `ywbqv wPwoqvLvbv

cy¯‭KÎ‡q mvKz‡j¨ Mí i‡q‡Q GKzkwU| cÖ_g MÖ‰  Ômgy‡`ªi ¯^c′, kx‡Zi AiY¨Õi cÖ_g MíwUB
gvb‡eZi cÖvYxi bv‡g ÑÔkKzbÕ| GB msKj‡bi Av‡iKwU Mí Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ; kw‫‫‬Lbx ej‡Z
†h we‡kl ai‡bi bvwqKv‡K †evSvq, k‡‫‫‬Li g‡ZvB cu¨vPv‡bv ev inm¨gq n‡q _v‡K Zviv|
GQvov kvKPzb′x bvgxq †cZ′x‡KI †evSv‡bv n‡q _v‡K GB k‡ã| A_©vr kãwUi g~‡j Av‡Q
RxeÑ RjR wKsev KíR| wØZxq eB ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ-G wenM‡hv‡M bvgKiY
Av‡Q GKwU M‡íi, bvg ÔDU cvLxÕ| Z…Zxq MÖ‰  ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ-G mivmwi cïcvwL Øviv
bvgKiY nqwb †Kv‡bv M‡íi, Z‡e GKwU Mí Av‡Q ÔLuvPvÕ bv‡g| Avi LuvPv ej‡Z †Zv Avgiv
cïcvwL AvU‡K ivLvi e¯‧B eywS| gvby‡li †¶‡Î K_vq-†jLvq Avgiv kãwU eënvi Kwi e‡U,
Z‡e Zv AvjsKwiK A‡_©, cïcvwLi g‡Zv ew‱` nIqv †evSv‡Z| G M‡íi Pwi‡Îiv `vwi`ª¨,
mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv, weiƒc ivRbxwZ wbwg©Z LuvPvq AvU‡K Av‡Q| Ggwbfv‡e Avi me M‡íB
cwicv‡k¦©i mvaviY eY©bv †_‡K ïi  K‡i bvbv AvjsKvwiK eënvi cvIqv hv‡e cÖvwYKz‡ji|
cÖ_‡g mvaviY eY©bvq †hfv‡e cÖvwYcÖm½ G‡m‡Q Zv wKQyUv †`wL| †QvUMíZ‡Ë¡i GKwU
wKse`w‰‭g~jK NUbvq †`Lv hvq, evjRvK gcvmuv‡K Mí †jLvi †K․kj †kLvw‪Q‡jb| GKwU
cvBbMv‡Qi eY©bv w`‡Z e‡jb wK‡kvi gcvmuv‡K| hLb MvQwUi eY©bvq †cQ‡bi bxjvKvk, Zvi
wb‡P evwo, evwowUi Qv‡ì †jvKR‡bi Pjv‡div ch©‰‭ hLb D‡jøwLZ nqÑZLbB †m eY©bv
c~Y©Zv †cj e‡j Aby‡gv`b Ki‡jb| †Zv gvbyl N‡i-evB‡i, c‡_-cÖv‰‭‡i, Av‡jvq GgbwK
AÜKvi I ¯^‡c′I cïcvwLi †`Lv cvq| ZvB †QvUM‡í eY©bvi QUv hZB Kg _vK, Zvi ¯^í
cwim‡ii g‡a¨ cÖvYxi cÖ‡ek n‡qB _v‡K| n‡q‡Q nvmv‡bi M‡íI| Zuvi M‡í ivwÎ, mKvj,
e„wó, km¨‡¶Z, bMi cÖf„wZi eY©bv h_vh_ I g~Z© Ki‡Z wM‡q cïcvwLi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb|
†hgb, mvaviY Pvwlevwo‡Z †`Lv hvq ÔQvBMv`v †_‡K D‡V Mv Svoj KzKziUv Ges AvKv‡ki
w`‡K gyL Zz‡j R‡jv evZvm ïuKjÕ (ÔAvg„Zz¨ AvRxebÕ, ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ)| ÔZ…òvÕ
(Ômgy‡`ªi ¯^c′, kx‡Zi AiYÕ) M‡íi ev‡k` †h bvbv `yi‰‭cbv K‡i Zvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q cÖvqB Kv`v
310
†g‡L gvQ aiv| muvovwki g‡Zv AvOyj¸‡jv w`‡q †m UuywU †P‡c aiZ †evqvj gv‡Qi| GB M‡íB
i‡q‡Q MÖv‡gi mvsevrmwiK †Mvôx‡fvR‡bi K_v| †m Av‡qvR‡bi eY©bvq h_vixwZ †`wL,
RevB‡qi R‡b¨ ÔwZbwU gvSvwi AvKv‡ii QvMj GKcv‡k euvavÕ| dmj DVevi GB Kvj †cwi‡q
hw` `ywf©¶Avµv‰‭ •elg¨cxwoZ cjøxi eY©bv cwo, †mLv‡bI †`Le cï Awbevh© Dcv`vb :
BZ¯‭Z Rbc`mg~‡ni hÎZÎ bewbwg©Z g„ZkvjvÑk„Mvj RvwZ baiKvw‰‭
n‡q D‡V‡Q| e„¶¸‡jv‡Z kxY© cÖkvLvi g‡Zv Szj‰‭ gi‡`n, †SvcSv‡o
g„ZÑcyKz‡i g„Z, me©Î Zviv Qov‡bv| g„‡Ziv e‡ov KwVb wbôzi, BqvwK©wcÖq,
Rxwe‡Zi `qvgvqv i³ gvsk †Kv_vq cv‡eÑGR‡b¨ AÜKv‡i wg‡k,
†kqv‡ji wPrKvi, †cuPvi WvK, KzKz‡ii Kvb′vq wg‡k †jvKvjq k¥kvb KÕ‡i
†Zv‡j (ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ)|
ÔAvg„Zz¨ AvRxebÕ (ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ) M‡íi Pvwl Kigvwj hLb we‡ji cv‡ki
Rwg‡Z Kv‡R hvq ZLb Rvbjvg, Ôel©vi we‡j Ny‡i †eovq †MvUv `‡kK cvwZnuvm, †`Lv hvq
Rjwcwc Avi RjwcÖq cvwLivI KvQvKvwQ Av‡m|Õ H M‡íi H ¯ v‡biB cieZ©x GK eY©bv ïay
cÖK…wZi c‡U gvbyl I Aci cÖvYxi cvkvcvwk Ae¯ vbB Rvbvb †`q bv, RxebvPi‡Y cÖvYxI †h
KZ A½vw½ n‡q †M‡Q gvby‡li mv‡_, †mB Z_¨wUI ¯úó K‡i‡Q| h_v : ÔKigvwj hLb †divi
K_v fvej ZLb nuvm¸‡jv wej †_‡K D‡V G‡m WvOvq ùvwo‡q Mv SvowQj| ïay †QvU GKUv
ev‪Pv ZL‡bv Wy‡e Wy‡e ¸Mwj ZzjwQj cigvb‡‱`|Õ gvby‡li gv‡SI GgbwU †`Lv hvq m′vbvw`
†k‡l eq¯‥iv nq‡Zv cv‡o D‡V‡Q, ZLbI `yi‰‭ †Q‡jwc‡jiv cvwb †_‡K DV‡ZB PvB‡e bv|
hyw³m½Zfv‡eB cïcÖvYxi Gme D‡jøL ïayB evB‡ii cÖK…wZi mvaviY eY©bv bq|
AvaywbK mvwnwZ¨KMY memgqB Gme eY©bv‡K g~jKvwnbxi MwZ-cÖK…wZ wb‡`©kbvq I †jL‡Ki
Rxebfvl¨ †c‡ki Dcvq wn‡m‡eB eënvi K‡i _v‡Kb| Avi †QvUM‡íi mxwgZ Aeq‡e †Zv Zv
we‡kl D‡Ï‡k¨B cÖhy³| nvmv‡bi M‡íI †ZgbwUB †`wL, cïcvwLi D‡jøL I eY©bv NUbv I
Pwi‡Îi gvbm D‡b¥vP‡bi KvR K‡i‡Q| †hgb, ÔGKRb PwiÎnx‡bi ¯^c‡¶Õ (Ômgy‡`ªi ¯^c′,
kx‡Zi AiY¨Õ) e„× mZxbv_ hLb wbkvKv‡j wbRevwo‡Z bv †h‡q MÖv‡gi evB‡i ZviB evwb‡q
†`qv Kuy‡oN‡i AvwkªZv iw¶Zv fvwgbxi D‡Ï‡k¨ iIbv nq, ZLb ev`y‡oi cÖm½ d«‡qWxq
gbtmgx¶Y m~‡Îi Av‡jv‡K, Gfv‡e :
mvg‡bi †cqviv MvQUvq Wvbv RUcU K‡i ev`yiUv KuvPv †cqviv wPey‡‪Q
KUKU K‡i| kvjv‡ì ùvZ Av‡QÑev‪Pv nq, ¯‭b Av‡Q| ...†jv‡gi †fZ‡i
†QvU †QvU `yÕ‡Uv ¯‭b Av‡Q| †`Lv hvq bv|
mZxbv‡_i N‡i eD Av‡Q, †lvj eQi †cwi‡q †M‡Q Zvi we‡qi| eD GLb cÖvq eywo, ïayB
Kjwgi gv| mvivw`b †L‡ULy‡U K¬v‰‭, cvb LvIqv Mvj w`‡q Km †ei ‡bv Kjwgi gv‡qi Kv‡QB
Zvi hvIqv DwPZÑGUzKz †ev‡S| ZviciI GB kx‡Zi iv‡Z †q․ebeZx fvwgbxi cÖwZB cÖe„wËi
cÖej Uvb Abyfe K‡i mZxbv_| G-ch©v‡q Zvi †PZbvcÖevv‡n evievi eywo MvB I XjX‡j
eK‡bi Zzjbv Av‡m Gfv‡e :
†Mvqv‡ji eyox MvBUv wbqggvwdK we‡qvq bv †Kb? A_P XjX‡j eKbUv‡K
wN‡i gv‡Vi gË cyi l Mi ¸‡jvi AZ aygav‡gi Drme wK‡mi?
Avevi wKQy c‡i :
311
eyox MvBUv mgqgZ wbqggvwdK we‡qvq bv| wK‰‧ †Kgb w¯ i wb®‥¤ú n‡q
e‡Ui AvVvi gZ GK‡cvqv †ò‡cvqv `ya †`q| bZzb we‡qv‡bv MvBUv
AvRI †h Kv‡Q †h‡Z w`‡Z Pvq bv|
ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ MÖ‡‰ i bvgM‡íi cïwbf©i cÖK…wZeY©b NUbvi c~e©vfvm cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Q| ïi ‡Z †`Lv hvq, †Pvi-c‡KUgvi‡kªYxq †dKz, Bbvg, mynvm †ek iv‡Z VvÊvi g‡a¨
wej a‡i †Kv_vI hv‡‪Q| hvÎv †h gnr D‡Ï‡k¨ bq Zv †evSv hvw‪Qj Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbv I MwZ
†`‡L| Z‡e †jLK cïcvwLi Abyl‡½ wKQy Bw½Z w`‡q‡Qb| †hgb, cÖ_‡g †`wL, Kvbyi gv‡qi
evwo †_‡K GK ÔWvKz wkqvjÕ gyiwM a‡i Av‡b| gy‡L wkKvi wb‡q iv¯‭v cvi nIqvi mgq
Av‡jv-Auvav‡i gyg~ly© gyiwM‡K †`Lv hvq Avi Ô†bK‡oi gZ Qvqv c‡o wkqvjUviÕ Mv‡q| Lvevi
gy‡L wb‡q ev`v‡o cÖ‡ek K‡i wkqvjUv, Zv‡K Luy‡R cvq bv †jvKRb| Gici †jLK Rvbv‡‪Qb,
ÔAvi Avðh© GKUvI cvwL WvKwQj bv|Õ Av‡iv c‡iÑÔcvwL‡ì †Kvb Mvb †bB GLb| kã hv
†kvbv hv‡‪Q Pvcv| Kzqvkv Avi wng Rwo‡q Av‡Q I‡ì| mvg‡b weovj hLb cvi n‡q †Mj,
ïay `ywU R¡jR¡‡j †PvL †`Lv †Mj Zvi|Õ µ‡g Zviv DwÏó evwoi †M‡U †cu․Qy‡j, Ô...gRv cyKz‡i
wkqv‡ji PKP‡K †PvL wSwjK w`‡‪Q wKQy Luy‡R| †Nvovi gZ wPuwn wPuwn K‡i †W‡K Wvbv SUcU
K‡i cyi‡bv Wvj †f‡O evR cvwLUv b‡oP‡o emj|Õ GBme Bw½Z Zvrch©c~Y© n‡q I‡V †k‡l
hLb †`Lv †Mj, Giv G‡m‡Q Icvi evsjv †_‡K Avmv Amnvq GK cwiev‡ii Kv‡Q, hvi
M„nKZ©v eva¨ n‡q KÕwU UvKvi wewbg‡q †g‡qi N‡i XywK‡q †`q Zv‡ì|
AvjsKvwiK cÖ‡qvM : gvbyl K‡e gvbyl n‡e
gvby‡li Kvwnbx wjL‡Z wM‡q gby‡l¨Zi cÖvYxi K_v evi evi P‡j Avmvi Ab¨Zg KviY Zzjbv|
†Pnvivi †m․‱`h©-KzkªxZv, Aeq‡ei †m․ôe-A¯^vfvweKZv, Pwi‡Îi fv‡jv-g‱` BZ¨vw` †evSv‡Z
Zzjbvi Avkªq wb‡Z nq †jLK‡K| Avi G‡¶‡Î cÖvYx GKwU e‡ov AvKi| nvmvb my‡hvMwU
wb‡q‡Qb| KL‡bv Zv A‡bKUvB eûj eëüZ, †m‡¶‡Î e³‡eï ¯úóZv `vb mnR nq| †hgb
ÔZ…òvÕ M‡íi cÖavb PwiÎ ev‡k` wQj ÔnvowM‡ji gZ X¨vsMvÕ, Zvi KwÂi gZ j¤^v AvOyj¸‡jv
ÔwKjwej KiZ mv‡ci gZÕ| ivb′vi mgq †m Ô†jvfvZ© Bu`y‡ii g‡Zv bvK Zz‡j MÜ ïuKwQjÕ|
GKR‡bi PwiÎ eY©bvi GZ¸‡jv D`vniY †`‡L Abygvb Kiv hvq MíKvi cÖïcÖm½ KZ
mvejxjfv‡e I wbf©iZv wb‡q eënvi K‡ib| cÖvwYAbyl½x Av‡iv wKQy Zzjbvg~jK AjsKv‡ii
bgybv †Ìqv nj :
Ôwnsmª fvjy‡Ki gZ Kv‡jv †SvcÕ (ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õ Ômgy‡`ªi ¯^c′, kx‡Zi AiY¨Õ)|
Ôwekªx DU-gy‡Lv †Q‡jUvÕ (ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õ, Ômgy‡`ªi ¯^c′, kx‡Zi AiY¨Õ)|
Ô†m †hb my‡hv‡Mi A‡c¶vq _v‡K eb‡eov‡ji gZÕ (Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ)|
Ô†gv‡li gZ Kv‡jv kixiÕ (Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ)|
Ôey‡bv †gv‡li gZ mvgbvmvgwb ùvovjÕ (Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ)|
ÔGKMuy‡q †gv‡li gZ PvnwbUvÕ (Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ)|
Ô`yB cv‡qi duv‡K j¨vR Pvwj‡q w`‡q civwRZ KzKzi †hgb K‡i ùvwo‡q _v‡K †Zgwb
K‡i †m ùvwo‡q _v‡KÕ (Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ)|
Ôg„Z cvwLi gZ evixi †`nUv weQvbvi Dci c‡o hvqÕ (ÔAve‡Z©i m¤§y‡LÕ, Ômgy‡`ªi
¯^c′, kx‡Zi AiY¨Õ)|
312
ÔRevB Kiv gyiMxi gZ †m AvQvo †LjÕ (Ômviv`ycyiÕ, ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ)|
Ômvi‡mi gZ Mjv evwo‡h wRM‡Mm K‡iÕ (ÔAvg„Zz¨ AvRxebÕ)|
ÔQc Qc K‡i wkqv‡ji gZ GwM‡q Avm‡QÕ (ÔAvg„Zz¨ AvRxebÕ)|
Ô†dKzi ev‡Ni gZ kixiÕ (ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ)|
Ôe¨vs‡qi g‡Zv Mjv dzwj‡q KbmU©Ijv †W‡K I‡VÕ (ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ)|
ÔKzwUiwU `vi Y MÖx®§Kv‡j Mfxi Qvqvi _vevq gv_vivLv KzKz‡ii b¨vq wekªvgiZÕ (ÔRxeb
N‡l Av¸bÕ)|
Ômv‡ci wbtk¦v‡mi gZ Dò dvUv gvwUi f¨vcmv nvIqvÕ (ÔkKzbÕ)|
Ô†K‡ivwm‡bi jçwU †_‡K giv Av‡jv, gygl~ y© nwi‡Yi P¶zer K¤úgvbÕ (ÔRxeb N‡l
Av¸bÕ)|
G-RvZxq AvjsKvwiK eY©bvq evMaviv I evwM¦wai ¯^xKiYI i‡q‡Q, †hgb : Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ
M‡í iv‡Î ¯¿xi N‡i kv`y‡K AvUK K‡i U¨viv e‡j, Ôkv‡jv NyN,y ev‡i ev‡i avb LvI Zzwg, kv‡jv
AvR †Zvgvi nv‡jvqv evi Kie Avwg|Õ Z‡e Zvi Av‡M kv`yI †cÖwgKv nvwg`v m¤ú‡K© g‡b g‡b
e‡j AvR †Zvgv‡i ÔBu`yi aiv KieÕ| GiKg Av‡iv wKQy bgybv :
ÔKvcyi l kkKcÖvYÕ (welgivwÎ : cÖ_g cÖniÕ Ômgy‡`ªi ¯^c′, kx‡Zi AiY¨Õ)|
ÔnwiYxi gZ PwKZ mij¯^fvevÕ (welgivwÎ : cÖ_g cÖniÕ )|
Ôwms‡ni ü`qÕ (ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ)|
Ôwf‡R †eovjÕ (Ômviv`ycyiÕ ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ)|
ÔKvKP¶z RjÕ, Ônsmïå Rj`vb¯ jÕ (ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ)|
Avevi GgbwUI †`Lv †M‡Q †h evMaviv‡K AvjsKvwiK bq, Av¶wiKA‡_©i Ave‡n eënvi
K‡i‡Qb nvmvb| †hgb Ôev‡Ni `yaÕ kãeÜ `yj©f e¯‧ A‡_© eëüZ nq, wK‰‧ Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ
M‡í Zv evP¨v‡_©B cÖhy³Ñkw³gvb Kzw¯‭Mxi ing m¤ú‡K© cÖwZØ‱Øx Z_¨ †`q, Ô†m ev‡Ni `ya
Lvq|Õ
nvmvb hLb GKv‰‭ Dcjwä I AwfÁZv †_‡K Dcgvm„Rb K‡i‡Qb ZLb Zv Avgv‡ì
Kv‡Q we‡kl Dc‡fvM¨ n‡q‡Q| †hgb, kÎ ‡K AvµgY Kivi Rb¨ GwM‡q Avmv †evSv‡ZÑ
ÔKvVweovjxi gZ D‡V Gj †mÕ (ÔcievmxÕ ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ)| eyKmgvb DuPz gvwUi
`vIqv (†g‡S) ch©‰‭ Pvj †b‡g Avmvi Kvi‡Y Ôevwo¸‡jv‡K wekvjKvq wcVDuPz K‪Q‡ci gZ
†`LvqÕ (ÔAvg„Zz¨ AvRxebÕ)| ïK‡bv LiL‡i wn½yj gvwUi Dci e„wó co‡Z ïi  Ki‡j †jLK
Zv‡K Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb Ôwnsmª cïi kw³gvb bL‡ii AuvPoerÕ (ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ)| GiKg
Av‡iv wKQy D`vniY :
ÔnwiYwkï †hgb ARM‡ii †Pv‡Li w`‡K †P‡q Abo n‡q ùvwo‡q _v‡K, wKQy
bv ey‡S †iRv ùvwo‡q iBj wVK †Zgwb K‡iÕ (ÔGKwU AvZ¥i¶vi KvwnbxÕ
Ômgy‡`ªi ¯^c′, kx‡Zi AiY¨Õ)|
Ô†PvL bv †dvUv KzKziQvbvi gZ Kv‡jv Kv‡jv eskaigÊjxÕ
(ÔA‰‭M©Z welv`Õ ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ)|
Ô...KvwkwU gvKokvi Rv‡ji gZ Puy‡q cuvR‡i Avkªq wb‡q kw³ msMÖn K‡iÕ
(ÔAve‡Z©i m¤§y‡LÕ)|
313
Ô...ey‡bv ï‡qvi †hgb K‡i KPzi †¶Z dzwUdvUv K‡i †`q j¤^v ùvZ w`‡q,
†Zgwb K‡i ivwÎ‡K wQb′wfb′ K‡i GKUv wejw¤^Z wPrKvi Kuvc‡Z Kuvc‡Z †f‡m
Av‡m Lv‡ji avi †_‡KÕ (Ô¸bxbÕ, Ômgy‡`ªi ¯^c′, kx‡Zi AiY¨Õ)|
ÔAbwfÁ wkï-†NvU‡Ki gZ DÏvg †`․ov‡`․wo Ki‡Z _v‡K †mÕ (ÔAvg„Zz¨
AvRxebÕ)|
ÔAÜKvi d‚wZ©evR we‡o‡ji g‡Zv Pvwiw`K †_‡K ûgwo †L‡q N‡i G‡m c‡oÕ
(ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ)|
RxebhvÎvq gvbyl cÖvYx‡K KZfv‡eB-bv eënvi K‡i| cï K…wlKv‡Ri DcKiY, PjvPj I
gvjvgvj ¯ vbv‰‭‡ii evnb, †gjv-cvjøvi gv‡V Ges mvK©v‡m-†cÖ¶vM„‡n we‡bv`‡bi gva¨g| G
QvovI g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki Dcvq| Kx Avðh© Dch©y³ K‡g© †hgb Zv‡K wcwU‡q KvR Kiv nq,
†Zgwb fvlvMZfv‡e Zvi wmsnfvM eënviB MvjvMvwji Kv‡R| Mi  †h GZ DcKvix †m
wb‡e©va Avi KzKz‡ii g‡Zv K…ZÁ cÖvYx wbj©¾, †gvmv‡n‡ei mgv_©K wn‡m‡e Mvwj‡Z eûj
eëüZ nq| eis gvbylB †gvmv‡n‡ei g‡Zv evN-wmsn‡K †Zvkv‡gv` K‡i _v‡K| Giv kw³,
mvnm, D`viZv, AvwfRv‡Zï cÖZxK! ev‡Ni `y‡ai ìKviB-ev Kx, DcKvwiZvB-ev KZUzKz †K
Rv‡b, wK‰‧ Zv `yj©f gnvN© e¯‧i bvgv‰‭i Avi wms‡ni ü`‡qi gnË¡ K‡e †Kvb gvbyl ev cÖvYx
†c‡q‡Q? g‡b nq, Ôk‡³i f³ bi‡gi hgÕ cÖev`wUB Gi e¨vL¨v| hvB †nvK nvmvb hv‡ì K_v
Rvbv‡‪Qb Zviv †Zv Gi e¨wZµg bq, ZvB MíKvi‡K †mfv‡eB fvlv eënvi Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|
nvmv‡bi M‡íi PwiÎiv cÖvqk MÖvgxY, †gnbwZ, Awkw¶Z-Aa©wkw¶Z, bxP Kz‡jv ¢e, †mLv‡b
ZvB cïcvwL-Abyl½x MvjvMvjI cÖPzi| cwiRb‡ì g‡aÏ Gme MvjvMvj AvKQvi P‡j|
†hgb, ÔZ…òvÕ M‡í iv‡k`‡K Zvi mr evc cÖvqB ÔL‪PiÕ e‡j Mvwj w`Z| ÔGKRb PwiÎnx‡bi
¯^c‡¶Õ M‡íi †K‱`ªxq PwiÎ Amr mZxbv_ iv‡Z Zvi iw¶Zv‡kªYxqv fvwgbxi Kv‡Q hvIqvi
R‡b¨ Aaxi n‡q D‡V‡Q| wK‰‧ mgm¨v cvk¦©eZ©x evwoi †Q‡jiv Zv‡K bv‡Rnvj Kivi R‡b¨
covi IRynv‡Z †R‡M _v‡K| Zv‡ì‡K mZxbv_ ÔgK©UÕ e‡j g‡b g‡b Mvwj †`q| Gici
wb‡Ri †Q‡jB hLb IB hyev‡ì `‡ji n‡q GKB D‡Ï‡k¨ eB wb‡q e‡m, ZLb Avi ms¯‥…Z
kã bq, Ams¯‥…Z fvlvq †Q‡j I Zvi covi cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© e‡j, Ôeuvì, ivZ `kUvq covi
bv‡g G¨vwK© Ki‡Z G‡mQ|...GLb Xyj‡Z Xyj‡Z nvZx co‡e|Õ ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õ M‡í e„× wcZv
e‡j, Ô...Avi Avgvi fv‡M¨B hZ me Ac`v_© ï‡qvi Rb¥vqÕ Ges Ô†g‡qUv †h avox ï‡qv‡ii
gZ n‡q‡QÕ (ÔGKRb PwiÎnx‡bi ¯^c‡¶Õ)| ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ M‡í cy‡RvgÊ‡ci evMw`
MvqK‡K GK e„× Mvj cv‡o, Ô†LuwK KzKzi Rwb¥Z avox ï‡qvi Zzi gvÑGu‡Uv‡L‡Kv AwZ L‪Pi
ZzÕ| GKB M‡í Av‡Q, Ôkv‡jv KzKz‡ii Rwb¥Z ï‡qviÕ, Ôey‡ov euvìÕ, Ô†a‡o nbyÕ BZ¨vw`
MvjvMvj| ÔkKzbÕ M‡í †Q‡jiv GKRb Av‡iKRb‡K fr©mbv K‡i e‡j, ÔZz †Zv Mi | ZvB
Mi i g‡Zv K_v ewjmÕ| G¸‡jvi mv‡_ DjøyK, MwijvI h_vixwZ Mvwj wn‡m‡e cvIqv hv‡‪Q
nvmv‡bi M‡í|
AwZcÖvK…Z cÖvYx : f~Z Avgvi cyZ, †cwZœ Avgvi wS

gvby‡li Rxeb I ms¯‥v‡i cïi †h Kx wecyj we¯‭…Z cÖfve c‡o‡Q Zvi P~ov‰‭ cÖgvY KwíZ cï|
†mB cyivKvj †_‡K Av‡jvQvqvq AveQv †`Lv Avi AÜKv‡i bv-†`Lvq gvbyl †_‡g _v‡Kwb|
Kíbv K‡i wb‡q‡Q bvbv cïcvwL| BD‡iv‡ci (wMÖm) wùsm, Avwd«Kvi (wMÖwdb) Avi Gwkqvq
Avgv‡ì evsjvfvi‡Zi ïKmvwi gvby‡li G-RvZxq m„R‡bi cÖL¨vZ D`vniY|
314
•`Z¨, wckvP, f~Z, †cZ′x, `¨vI, ivKKzmx Gme cÖvYxi cÖm½ Mvwj †Ìqv, cvÎcvÎxi
PwiÎ m¤úwK©Z Z_¨ cÖ`v‡b I mgvR-gvbwmKZv D‡b¥vP‡b nvmv‡bi Mí¸‡jv‡Z evievi
G‡m‡Q| KL‡bv KL‡bv GBme KwíZ cÖvYxi D‡jøL mveavbZvi m‡½ e¨vL¨v Kivi ìKvi
c‡o‡Q| †hgb ÔAvg„Zz¨ AvRxebÕ M‡í Kigvwj‡K WvKvi mgq Zvi gv‡K WvBwbi g‡Zv †`Lv
wM‡q‡Q| wK‰‧ †m wfb′ Kvi‡YÑ ÔAZ`~i †_‡K †h‡nZz Zvi [gv‡qi] ¶xY wPrKvi Kigvwji
Kv‡b Avmvi †Kvb cÖk′B †bBÑwK‰‧ GK RvqMvq ùvwo‡q nvZ cv †Quvovq Zv‡K GKUv e`LZ
WvBbxi gZ g‡b nq|Õ GLv‡b Kigvwji gv‡qi PwiÎ‡`vl wb‡`©k Kiv nqwb, `vwi`ª¨ I
Amy¯ Zvi cxo‡b mvaviY GK MÖvgxY e„×v †h gvb‡eZi †Pnviv I wµqv jvf K‡i‡Q †mB
wbg©gZvi mv¶¨ n‡q †ck n‡q‡Q|
Ô¸bxbÕ (Ômgy‡`ªi ¯^c′, kx‡Zi AiY¨Õ) M‡í cwiwPZ gvby‡li iƒ‡c Ab¨RM‡Zi A`„k¨
kw³i Avmv I wRNvsmv c~i‡Yi ms¯‥vi eënvi n‡q‡Q| Aïf cÖvYx fvB‡qi iƒ‡c G‡m wbR©b
gv‡V †W‡K wb‡q wM‡q Lyb K‡i‡Q gvbyl‡K| Avevi e¨_© n‡q H cÖvYxwUB hLb gviv †M‡Q, ZLb
mKv‡ji Av‡jvq †mLv‡b cvIqv †M‡Q ek©vq G‡duvo-I‡duvo n‡q hvIqv GKUv KvK|
•`Z¨`v‡bvi Mí¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv Ggb A‡bK †`‡LwQ †h, Hme Aev¯‭e cÖvYx¸‡jvi cÖvY cÖvqB
†Pbv †Kv‡bv cï we‡klZ cvwL ev cZ‡½i g‡a¨ †_‡K _v‡K| Ges g„Zzï ci Zvi cÖvqB H
cÖvYxi iƒc aviY K‡i f~Zjxjv mv½ K‡i| GB cÖvwYmg~n Avevi cÖvqB Kv‡jv i‡Oi n‡q _v‡K|
†hgb, KvK ev ågi; weovj n‡j n‡e wgkwg‡k Kv‡jv| m¤¢eZ AÜKv‡ii mv‡_ cig HK¨
†`Lv‡bvB Gi KviY| AÜKviB †Zv G-RvZxq M‡íi cÖK…ó cU| ÔkKzbÕ M‡í †Q‡j‡ì †KD
f~‡Z-aiv gvby‡li Mí e‡j, †m Z‡Ë¡ †`Lv hvq Avµv‰‭ e¨w³ AÜKvi gv‡V Nyi‡Z _v‡K Avi
†mB AÜKvi gv‡V ÔLvwj kvjv †ZuZzjMvQ Avi wgmwg‡m Kvjv wejyB| whw`‡K ZvKvI Lvwj
wejyB Avi wejyB|Õ GB Mí ï‡b nVvr kKzwbUv‡K Kv‡jv weovj e‡j g‡b nq †Q‡j‡ì| Aek¨
cÖ_g †_‡KB GKUz †ewk fxZz cÖK…wZi GK †Q‡ji g‡bB nw‪Qj f~Z‡cÖZ-RvZxq wKQy kKz‡bi
iƒc a‡i G‡m‡Q GB mÜ¨v‡ejvi Pig j‡M′| Ô¸YxbÕ M‡í evievi GB AÜKvi wd‡i G‡m‡Q
Ges NUbv¸‡jv †mmgqB N‡U‡Q| bvgPwiÎ GgbB AÜKv‡ii cÖvYxi AvNv‡Z gviv †M‡Q e‡j
MÖv‡gi gvby‡liv ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e wek¦vm K‡i‡Q| hwÌ Zvi GK bvwZ Rv‡b ¸Yxb Zvi Aci
bvwZØ‡qi Ø‱Øhy‡×i mgq †Kv‡bv GKR‡bi AvNv‡Z gviv hvq|
gvQ : grm¨-cyivY-K_v
Ôgv‡Q fv‡Z evOvwjÕ e‡j GKwU cyi‡bv evYx Av‡Q e‡U, Z‡e nvmv‡bi M‡í gv‡Qi evZ©v †Zgb
†bB| ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ M‡í njKl©Y Abyôv‡b cyi Z †MvqvjfwZ© Mi  Avi cyKzifwZ© gv‡Qi
K_v ej‡j ey‡bv evMw`-Pvwliv GKiKg †¶‡c hvq| nvmv‡bi M‡í grm¨¯^íZvi KviY
GKvwaK| cÖ_gZ, cÖev`wU †Kv‡bvKv‡j mZ¨ wQj ev Av‡`․ Ggb †Kv‡bv Kvj wQj wKbv
Avcvgi evOvwji Rxe‡b, †m m¤^‡Ü BwZnvmKviiv Awemsevw`Z n‡Z cv‡ibwb| mgvRZvw‰¿K
we‡kølK‡ì g‡Z gv‡Qi cÖvPzh© _vK‡jI Zv wPiKvjB e„nËi †gnbwZ gvbyl GgbwK
grm¨Rxex‡ì Kv‡Q gnvN©B wQj| wKsev †mB grm¨-cÖvPz‡h©i Kv‡j gvQ ¯^‪Qj ev myw¯ i Rxeb-
RxweKvi wbqvgKI wQj bv| wØZxqZ, GKv‡j gvQ mvaviY evOvwji R‡b¨ GKUz we‡kl ev
wejvme¨ÄK e¨Ä‡bi g‡a¨ c‡o| †h‡nZz mgv‡Ri e„nËi wbcxwoZ, Aw¯‭Z¡ i¶vi msMÖv‡g m`v-
weeªZ gvby‡li Qwe A¼‡b nvmv‡bi AvMÖn, ZvB gv‡Qi †`Lv Zuvi K_vwP‡Î KgB †g‡j| ZvB
315
e‡j Zv †h G‡Kev‡i †bB Zv †Zv n‡Z cv‡i bv, †m-I H ev¯‭eZvi `vwe‡ZB Av‡Q AíwKQy
n‡jI|
†hgb, ÔZ…òvÕ M‡íi ev‡k` †hme `yi‰‭cbv K‡i, †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Lv‡j-we‡j gvQ aiv
Ab¨Zg| Kv‡iv-ev †Pnviv ZzwjZ n‡q‡Q U¨vcv gv‡Qi m‡½ (ÔgvixÕ, ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex
MvQÕ)| GiKg wKQy wQ‡U‡duvUv K_v Av‡Q gv‡Qi| ÔAvg„Zz¨ AvRxebÕ M‡íi NUbvewji
A‡bKLvwb we‡ji av‡i NU‡jI gv‡Qi K_v Av‡Q bv-_vKvi g‡Zv| GKevi mKv‡ji Av‡jvq
Mfxi Kv‡jv we‡ji Dci m~‡h©i Av‡jv j¤^vjw¤^ K‡i c‡owQj aea‡e kv`v wd‡Zi g‡Zv, Avi
ZvB Ô†mUv‡K mwZ¨Kvi †Kvb gv‡Qi wcV e‡j g‡b nw‪QjÕ| Av‡iKevi : Ôbx‡P c„w_ex‡Z
wbð‡ji g‡a¨ gv‡Qi †Lvjv †Pv‡L AÜKvi Wy‡e wQj|Õ
mc© : wK mv‡c `swkj wewa

nvmv‡bi M‡í gv‡Qi Zzjbvq mixm„‡ci Dcw¯ wZ j¶‡hvM¨| Gme mvc mivmwi wKsev iƒc‡K
cÖvYNvZx| mc©we‡klÁiv Aek¨ Z_¨ w`‡q‡Qb †h, mvc wbixn cÖvYx, cviZc‡¶ AvµgY K‡i
bv, AvZ¥i¶v‡_© ev cÖwZAvµgY wn‡m‡eB `skb w`‡q _v‡K Ges c„w_exi kZKiv `k fv‡MiI
Kg Rv‡Zi mvc welv³| wK‰‧ Gme Z_¨ wek¦vm-Awek¦v‡mi cÖk′ †bB mvwnwZ¨‡Ki| KviY Zuviv
weÁv‡bi Z_¨ †Ìhvi R‡b¨ bq, Rxe‡bi wPÎ AuvK‡Z mvwn‡Zï PP©v K‡ib| Rxe‡b gvbyl
AwfÁZvq I wek¦v‡m †h Rxe‡K †hfv‡e †c‡q‡Q, †jLK Zv‡K †mfv‡eB †ck Ki‡Z Pvb|
A ¢yZ I ewY©j kix‡ii Kvi‡Y Ggwb‡Z mvc gvby‡li Kv‡Q we¯§qKi; Zvi Ici †h cwigv‡YB
wel _vKzK-bv †Kb GK-Avaevi Avµv‰‭ nIqvB †Zv fxwZ Drcv`‡bi R‡b¨ h‡_ó| gvbyl
mv‡ci Kvg‡o cïcvwLgvbyl wbwe©‡k‡l gi‡Z †`‡L‡Q, cÖvq bxie GB cÖvYxwU ZvB gvby‡li
Kv‡Q inm¨gq, AwbóKi, Aïf, fxwZcÖ`| nvmv‡bi M‡íI mvc †mB PvwiÎ¨ wb‡qB PjvPj
K‡i‡Q|
gv‡Sg‡a¨ MÖv‡gi gv‡V-Nv‡U-N‡i mv‡ci D`q nq| †hgb ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ M‡í
hLb AwZKvq nvwZi w`‡K mevi †PvL wQj ZLbI mv‡ci Avwef©ve †jv‡K‡ì `„wó Govq bv|
nVvr Ô...cv‡ki †Svc †_‡K GKwU wekvj †evov mvc wbR©xefv‡e GwM‡q Av‡m, Zviv AviI
e‡j, gaym~`bB KvÊvixÑ†mB-B wec` †_‡K euvPvq †Mv; †`L‡Qv bv MZ© †_‡K evB‡i wM‡q‡Q gv
gbmvi †Pjviv| weQ«vg wj‡P †Sv‡ci †Quqvq, jq‡Kv? evj‡Kiv e‡j|Õ GB M‡í
AvjsKvwiKfv‡eI mvc G‡m‡Q K‡qKevi| †hgb, Ôkx‡Zi mv‡ci g‡Zv evZvm mvgvb¨
wnjwn‡j gvÎÕ| Av‡iKevi hLb Lyb Kivi Rb¨ cvKv euv‡ki jvwV nv‡Z ùvwo‡q‡Q evMw` hyeK,
ZLb gy‡L Si‡Z _vKv jvjv‡K Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q Ômc©we‡liÕ m‡½| Gici M‡í gwnl ewj
†Ìqv n‡e †h h~cKv‡ô Zvi D‪PZv m¤ú‡K©I ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔGwU GZB D‡‪P Aew¯ Z †h
†mLv‡b e„nËg A‡RiI Nvo †c․uQvq bvÕ| G †_‡K †evSv hvq cjøxRxe‡b mvc KZ cÖvmw½K|
ÔLuvPvÕ M‡í Z¶‡Ki cÖm½ Av‡Q| wMiwMwU-RvZxq GB mixm„c mv‡c‡ì ivRv I M„‡ni
ïfj¶Y e‡j ms¯‥vi i‡q‡Q Avgv‡ì †`‡k| A¤y^Rv‡¶i R½jaiv cyi‡bv RxY© evwoi GK
K‡¶ GKw`b GB cÖvYxi mv¶vr cvq †Q‡j Ai Y| mvc g‡b K‡i gvi‡Z hvq| wK‰‧
A¤^yRv‡¶i wcZv wPb‡Z cv‡ib| †`‡L Ô†Ku‡` †dj‡jb, GZw`‡b `qv †nvj? G‡mQ Avgvi
evwo‡Z? _v‡Kv Awaôvb K‡iv wPiÄxe| Ai ‡Yi w`‡K wd‡i ej‡jb, I‡i mc© bq, mc©ivR †i
`v`v| Lei`vi Ii Mv‡q nvZ w`m‡b|Õ wK‰‧ GKw`b AÜKv‡i Z¶K wKsev mv‡ci Kvg‡o
gviv hvq Ai Y| Z‡e †`kwefv‡Mi d‡j wn‱`y A¤^yRv¶ evwo e`‡j cwðge‡½ P‡j hvIqvi
316
cÖ‡Póv Pvjv‡jI †kl ch©‰‭ Zv Avi n‡q I‡V bv, AvcvZZ †mB cÖvq †cv‡ovevwo‡ZB Zv‡ì
Awaôvb eRvq _v‡K|
ÔZ…òvÕ M‡íi ev‡k‡ì K_v Av‡M K‡qKevi ï‡bwQ, †m Auvavi iv‡Î gvQ ai‡Z †hZ
we‡j, gv Zv‡K fq †`LvZ Lv‡j †M‡j mv‡c Kvgo w`‡Z cv‡i| Avi GgbB GKUv-wKQy Kivi
Kv‡j AÜKv‡i Zv‡K mv‡c Kvg‡owQj| ZvB ÔwP‡ji gZ Zx¶è KK©k Mjvq †m wPrKvi K‡i
DVj, ÔAvwg g‡i hve †Mv, Avgv‡K Ke‡ii f¨vZ‡i wb‡q hv‡e Aiv|Õ mvcUv welv³ bv nIqvq
†m hvÎvq †eu‡P hvq ev‡k`| c‡i †m `yN©Ubvµ‡g wbR Kvgbvi we‡l gviv hvq|
igYxi kixi mv‡ci mv‡_ DcwgZ n‡q Avm‡Q eûw`b a‡i| Ôgb Zvi kw‫‫‬LbxÕ M‡í
kv`yi Kv‡Q cÖvqB inm¨gqx igYx †cÖqmx nvwg`v‡K mv‡ci g‡Zv g‡b n‡q‡Q| Z‡e ÔGKRb
PwiÎnx‡bi ¯^c‡¶Õ M‡í Amgeqmx bvixcyi ‡li kixix m¤ú‡K©i Qwe †hfv‡e `ywU mv‡ci
Dcgvq †`Lv †Mj Zv Af~Zc~e©| †h․ebeZx fvwgbx Avi ey‡ov mZxbv‡_i kixix m¤ú‡K©i
†eMwZK Ae¯ v‡K †jLK eY©bv K‡i‡Qb `ywU mv‡ci DcgvqÑ Ôgv‡Ni mv‡ci gZ †m Nygv‡Z
Pvq, Nyg fvswM‡q w`‡j evievi nvB †Zv‡j, wK‰‧ †m mZxbv‡_i †cvlv|...eû †Póv K‡i fvwgbx
hLb kvixwiK Av‡¶‡c iswMbx mvwcbx, mZxbv_ ZLb nuvmduvm K‡i| †m ZLb †LuvPv LvIqv
ey‡ov P‱`ª‡evovi gZ A¶g Amnvq|Õ
Z‡e mv‡ci mivmwi I iƒcK f~wgKvi me©vZ¥K QwewU Av‡Q ÔAvg„Zz¨ AvRxebÕ M‡í|
wK‰‧ †mB MíwU‡K Avgiv GLbB cvV Kie bv| KviY †mLv‡b ¶wZKi mv‡ci wecix‡Z GKwU
M„ncvwjZ cÖvYxi f~wgKvi cÖwZZzjbv i‡q‡Q| Avgiv ZvB MíwU PZz®ú` cÖvmw½K Dc-Aa¨v‡q
ch©‡e¶Y Kie|
wen½ : gvbyl Avwg Avgvi †Kb cvwLi g‡Zv gb

cÖvYx wn‡m‡e cÖvPxbKv‡ji gvby‡li Kv‡Q m¤¢eZ cvwLB wQj me‡P‡q we¯§qKi| KviY gvbyl
wKQy mg‡qi R‡b¨ n‡jI RjR cÖvYxi g‡Zv cvwb‡Z Wy‡e _vK‡Z cv‡i, fvm‡Z cv‡i Av‡iK
†ewk mgq| ¯ jcÖvYxi †KD †KD fxwZKi n‡Z cv‡i, wK‰‧ we¯§qKi Z‡ZvUv bq, KviY gvbyl
wb‡RI ¯ ‡j P‡i| wK‰‧ Kx Avðh© e¨vcvi, mvgvb¨ cvLvq fi K‡i cvwL D‡o †eovq B‡‪Qg‡Zv
Wv‡j Wv‡j, Qvwo‡q hvq g~Z©weg~Z© †eóbx, nvwi‡q hvq AvKv‡ki †Kvb A‡`Lv mxgvq; Avi H
wbtmxg AvKvkB †Zv Avi GK inmÄvKi| ZvB ïf Avi AïfÑDfqwea iƒ‡c ev¯‭‡ei
cvwL‡K †`‡L‡Q Avi Kíbvi cvwL‡K Gu‡K‡Q †mKv‡ji gvbyl| †Zv nvmv‡bi GKv‡ji M‡í
Av‡M cvwL‡K cÖK…Z iƒ‡cB cÖZ¨¶ Kiv hvK|
MÖv‡gi Wvbwc‡U †Q‡ji Awbevh© ¯^fve cvwL-aiv| ev‡k` (ÔZ…òvÕ) †mUv KiZ, Z‡e †jLK
ÔcvwLi ev‪Pv RevBÕ‡qi K_v e‡j Zvi wbôzi ¯^fv‡ei BswMZ w`‡q‡Qb| ÔmxgvbvÕ (Ômgy‡`ªi
¯^c′, kx‡Zi AiY¨Õ) M‡í cvwLwkKv‡ii K_v Av‡Q| Z‡e DwÏó cvwLi Av‡M `~i †_‡K ey‡bv
†g‡qi `j †`‡L i ûj cvwLi SuvK g‡b K‡iwQj| Avevi PwiÎI cvwLi mv‡_ DcwgZ n‡q‡Q|
†hgb, ÔAvg„Zz¨ AvRxebÕ M‡í ÔZLb †Q‡jUv Pzwc Pzwc ejj Ki Y K‡i,...MÖx‡®§i `ycy‡i
PvZ‡Ki dwUK Rj PvIqvi gZ...|Õ
cvwLi we‡kl eënvi i‡q‡Q ÔcievmxÕ (ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ) M‡í| MíwU
cðvr-D ¢vmb ixwZ‡Z iwPZ| cwðgevsjvi GK MÖv‡gi K…lK ewki †`kZ¨vM Z¨vM Ki‡Q|
K‡qK ivZ Av‡M Db¥Ë wn‱`yiv Zvi ¯¿x-m‰‭vb‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| †mB KvjivwÎi eY©bv G‡m‡Q
CM‡ji wnsmªZv Avi cvqivi AmnvqZvi DcgvqÑÔgv‡Ni AvKvk wkD‡i DVj Kuvm‡ii Xs Xs
317
AvIqv‡R Ges weivU ivwÎ GKUv CM‡ji gZ KzrwmZ bLi w`‡q wbixn cvqivi gZ MÖvgUv‡K
†P‡c aij|Õ Zvici †_‡K †KejB ci‡`‡ki w`‡K Qy‡U P‡j‡Q †m| K¬v‰‭‡`‡n ewki GLb
Gwj‡q c‡o‡Q A‡Pbv `~i gv‡V| Zvi Avi wb‡Ri evwo †bB| A_P cvwL‡ì Avev‡mi wP‰‭v
†bB| weivb cÖv‰‭‡i †Sv‡ci wfZi ï‡q †m †`L‡Z cvq :
mÜ¨v bvgvi m‡½ m‡½ Zvi gv_vi Ici w`‡q GKSuvK KvK D‡o †M‡Q,
†Rvovq †Rvovq eK D‡o †M‡Q, Zvici †`Lv w`‡q‡Q k‫‫‬LwPj, mK‡ji
†k‡l GKwU `ywU GKvKx cvwL, Zvi g‡a¨ GKUv weivU cvwL wekvj cvLv
A‡bK¶Y a‡i c‡i c‡i bvo‡Z bvo‡Z, cv `ywU wcQ‡b wdwi‡q gvwUi m‡½
mgv‰‭ivj K‡i, my‱ì gv_vwU Gw`K Iw`K Nywi‡q P‡j †M‡Q| †muv †muv kã
Zz‡j cig wbwð‡‰‭ †m AvKv‡ki c~e©‡Kv‡Yi w`‡K †QvU n‡Z n‡Z GKmgq
wgwj‡q †M‡Q| gv‡Vi GKcÖv‡‰‭ MÖvgUvi euvkSv‡o †QvUeo AmsL¨ cvwL
ZLb GKm‡½ Kjie ïi  K‡i‡Q| ivZ GKUz G‡Mv‡bvi m‡½ m‡½B Aek¨
I‡ì Avi KvD‡KB †`Lv hvqwb|
Z‡e wen‡½i cÖZ¨¶ I cÖZxKx me©vZ¥K f~wgKv wgj‡e Ômviv`ycyiÕ (ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex
MvQÕ) M‡í| cÖ_g †_‡KB cvwLi Dcw¯ wZ GLv‡b| h_v : Ô†iv` †Kej GB mgqUvq GKevi
Povr K‡i D‡V‡Q, †LRyi Mv‡Q NyNy WvK‡Q| Agwb gb †Kgb K‡i DVj KuvK‡bi| me g‡i
hv‡‪P †MvÑKvKb GB K_vUv †kvbv‡bvi gZ †jvK Luy‡R †cj bv|Õ Gici Do‰‭ evwjnuvm †`Lvi
ci KuvK‡bi g‡bv‡e`bv Av‡iv ev‡o| KviY Zvi `v`y AvR‡KB gviv hv‡e e‡j Wv³vi
Rvwb‡q‡Q, A_P Zvi evwjnuv‡mi gvsm LvIqvi mva wQj Avi cvwL‡ì g‡Zv ¯^vaxbZvi ¯^v`
wb‡Z cv‡i bv KuvKb| †Q‡jwUi fvebv :
`v`y gvËi GKwU evwjnuvm Pvq| wK I‡o evwjnuvm¸‡jvÑ†kv †kv K‡i kã
nq| KuvKb AvKv‡ki w`‡K PvBjÑg¨vU‡g‡U is AvKvkUvi, GKUzI fvj
jv‡M bv| nuvm¸‡jv H AvKvk w`‡q D‡o Av‡mÑ†Kv_v †_‡K †K Rv‡b|
†Kgb û û K‡i D‡o Av‡m| Avwg Do‡Z cviZvg I‡ì gZ| wK gRvB
bv nZ| GK GKw`b Avgvi wK Lvivc jv‡M| `v`y gyL Muy‡R ï‡q _v‡KÑgv
K_v e‡j bv| Avgvi cvwj‡q †h‡Z B‡‪Q nq| Avi bv nq g‡i †h‡Z gb
nq| hw` Avgvi cvLv _vKZ Avnv|
cvwLi Av‡iv cÖZxKx f~wgKv i‡q‡Q GB M‡í| †m †¶‡Î MíKvwnbx Av‡iKUz ¯§iY Ki‡Z
n‡e| KuvK‡bi gb Lviv‡ci KviY eûwea Ges ¸i Zi| Zvi evev `xN©w`b evwo Av‡m bv|
†kvbv hvq †m GK bóv †g‡q‡K we‡q K‡i‡Q| giYvcb′ `v`vi evwo‡ZB A‡bvb¨cvq gv‡qi
mv‡_ KuvKb evm K‡i| Gi Ici KuvKb GKw`b Av‡iv fqven NUbvi gy‡LvgywL nq| NUbvwU
Rvbv‡bvi Av‡M †jLK cvwL-cZ‡½i Kvh©µg eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| we‡klfv‡e j¶Yxq Kv‡Ki
Kvh©µg :
GKUv KvK LvwbKUv †iv` Avi LvwbKUv Qvqvq †_‡K GKUv nvo
AvQov‡‪Q, nVvr nvo †Q‡o jvwd‡q GKUv gov Bu`yi Zz‡j wb‡q G‡jv, D‡o
†Mj, mR‡b Mv‡Q emjÑGKUv mv`v j¤^v V¨vs dwos Nv‡m wZwos K‡i jvd
w`j|
GiciB N‡i Xy‡K KuvKb Zvi gv‡K A‡Pbv GK cyi ‡li mv‡_ Nwbô Ae¯ vq †`L‡Z cvq| †mB
`„k¨ eY©bvi ciciB †jLK Rvbv‡jbÑÔKvKUv wPrKvi K‡i I‡V Kv Kv K‡iÑKuvKb wd‡i
318
†`‡L, Bu`yiUv †i‡L‡Q Kvwb©‡k, Avevi Zz‡j wbj †Vuv‡U|Õ Kv‡Ki nvo †Q‡o giv Bu`yi wb‡q
†g‡Z IVv Abyfe‡e`¨| KvK †h-†Kv‡bv eR©¨-†bvsiv Lvq| †jvKUvi PvwiÎ¨‡`v‡li mxgvnxbZv
GLv‡b Bw½Zen| fvMëvb KvKwU nv‡oi e`‡j giv Bu`yi †c‡q‡Q| †Mi¯ N‡ii `vwqZ¡kxj I
fvivµv‰‭ ea~ KuvK‡bi gv GLb g„Z Bu`y‡ii b¨vq Kv‡Ki f¶¨|
cvwLi Av‡iv GK Kvh©Ki cÖZxKx f~wgKv †`wL ÔgvixÕ M‡í| ¯‥zjN‡i Avkªq wb‡qwQj
K‡qKk DØv¯‧| mKv‡j Zv‡ì R‡b¨ hLb `ya AvbwQj GK`j †¯^‪Qv‡mex| wK‰‧ cwicvk¦©
m¤ú‡K© †jLK Rvbv‡‪Qb, Ô...GLb wbR©bZv wea″¯‭ A_P AvZvMvQ `ywU GgwbB ùvwo‡q Av‡Q,
†Kvb iKg kã Ki‡Q bvÑgv‡b cvwL †bB GKUvI|Õ Gi A_© Kx? †Kb ÔAvZvMv‡Q †ZvZvcvwLÕ
WvKwQj bv| GKUv AcÖZ¨vwkZ NUbvi Avfvm| c‡i †`Lv †Mj kªv‰‭ ¶zavZ© DØv¯‧iv †mB `ya
†L‡q Amy¯  n‡q c‡o‡Q, G‡Kev‡i gvix jv‡M| Gev‡i †jLK Rvbv‡jb, ÔGes Zvic‡i g~K
gvwUi Ici njy` isGi cvwL †b‡P †b‡P †eov‡‪Q|Õ
mn‡RB Aby‡gq M‡íi ÔDU cvLxÕ bvgKiY n‡q‡Q iƒcKv‡_©| M‡íi cÖavb PwiÎ
GKRb †jLK| RbwcÖq †jLK, Z‡e Zvi †jLvq _v‡K nZvkv, Awek¦^vm BZ¨vKvi †bwZ| wZwb
nVvr g„Zz¨f‡q Avµv‰‭ n‡jb| wb‡jb †¯^‪Qvwbe©vmb| Gev‡i Rvbv †Mj cwiev‡ii cÖwZ wZwb
`vwqZ¡kxj bb, †cÖwgKvi cÖwZI h_vmg‡q h‡_vwPZ f~wgKv cvjb K‡ibwb| DUcvwLi g‡ZvB
ev¯‭e †_‡K †PvL wdwi‡q †_‡K‡Qb| Z‡e GB M‡í wbQK cÖK…wZeY©bv Av‡Q, †mLv‡b cZ½mn
we‡klfv‡e Dcw¯ Z cvwL| eY©bvwU wbg′iƒc :
†mLv‡b Zvi †QvÆ evwoUv ey‡bv jZvi R½‡j XvKv Ges j¤^v ïK‡bv Nv‡m
†g‡U is-Gi M½vdwos| `ycy‡ii wbwiwewj †iv‡` Ab_©K jvwd‡q P‡j‡Q
M½vdwos Ges giv Mv‡Qi kv`v kvLvq e‡m Kv‡jv †duvUvIqvjv NyNy `ytwLZ
wegl© K‡É µgvMZ †W‡K †M‡Q| nVvr Pvi cuvPUv kvwjL cvLv SvcUv‡Z
SvcUv‡Z RovRwo K‡i Zuvi mvg‡b jovB K‡i‡Q| `yj©f †Kvb cvwL K¡wPr
†`Lv w`‡q j¤^v †jR `ywj‡q Avov‡j †M‡Q| iv¯‭v fy‡jB `y-GKUv Mi 
wKsev QvMj Pi‡Z Pi‡Z G‡m c‡o‡Q Zuvi mvg‡bÑGK g‡b wZwb I‡ì
Nvm †Quovi Pivr Pivr kã ï‡b‡Qb|
eY©bvwU cÖZxKx bv-n‡jI cvi¤úh©hy³, †¯^‪Qvwbe©vm‡b _vKv wbtm½ Amy¯  gvby‡li w`bhvc‡bi
eY©bvi †¶‡Î wbwiwewj `ycy‡ii Qwe jvMmB e‡U|
Ômy‡Li mÜv‡bÕ (ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ) M‡íi ïi ‡ZI `ycy‡ii Qwe Av‡Q, G-
M‡í cyi l bqÑmsmvix bvix Kz¼zg cÖavb PwiÎ| ejv P‡j ÔDU cvLxÕ M‡íi g‡Zv GKgvÎ
PwiÎ| †cÖgvweó ¯^vgx‡K wb‡q Zvi wbR¯^ †QvÆ msmvi| wK‰‧ ÔDU cvLxÕ; M‡íi †jL‡Ki
g‡ZvB Kx GK welY′Zvq, K‡ó †fv‡M| ZvB Zvi `ycyi n‡q‡Q †jLK nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡K
Aw‰^ó| Ges h_vixwZ GLv‡bI †ekwKQy cvwL wfo K‡i‡Q K¼‡bi `ycy‡ii †PZbvmxgvq| h_v
:
Kz¼zg ey‡Ki bx‡P evwjk w`‡q Kz‡qvZjvi w`‡K †P‡qwQj| wP‡ji K‡É
`ycyi Zx¶è wPrKvi K‡i DVj Avi ZLywb evZvwe †jey Mv‡Qi †mB QvqvUzKzi
Avkª‡q QvBgvLv KvKUv Mv ay‡Z G‡jv| Kz¼zg Zvi m′vb †`L‡QÑMjvi
KvQUv wfwR‡q wb‡q Wvbvq Av‡iv LvwbKUv †bvsiv cvwb †g‡L KvKUv wK
my‡L †jey Mv‡Q e‡m cv w`‡q gv_v AuvPov‡‪Q|
319
Ab¨Î hLb Kz¼zg •kk‡ei w`b¸‡jvi K_v, d«K c‡i cÖRvcwZi wcQ‡b †QvUvi w`b¸‡jvi K_v
¯§iY K‡i fv‡e ÔAvnv wK Mfxi my‡LÑwK Nb DËß my‡Li mg‡i Wy‡e wQjvgÕ, ZLb ÔRvbvjv
w`‡q †`Lj ey‡bv AvZvMvQUvq GBUzKz GKUv cvLx jvdv‡‪Q|Õ
evsjvi DcK_vi m~‡Î be`¤úwZi msmvi †UvbvUzwbi msmvi wn‡m‡e DcwgZ n‡q
Avm‡Q| Avi AvaywbK Kwe nvRvi eQi I mgy`ª-mvMi cwiµ‡gi ci †h cig †cÖqmx‡K Luy‡R
cvb †m ÔcvLxi bx‡oi gZ †PvL Zz‡jÕ e‡jwQj ÔGZw`b †Kv_vq wQ‡jb?Õ GQvov eveyB cvwLi
evmvi ¯ vcZ¨‣kjxI GKv‡ji Kwe‡K †ek fvwe‡q‡Q| GmeB be`¤úwZi †QvÆ msmv‡ii mv‡_
†h Zzjbxq n‡Z cv‡i Zv Avevi †`wL nvmv‡b| ÔwelgivwÎ : cÖ_g cÖniÕ M‡íi `wi`ª K_K
weËkvjx eÜz Rvgvb‡K evwo wb‡q hvw‪Qj Zvi m‡nvìvi mv‡_ we‡q †Ìqvi cwiKíbv wb‡q|
G-mgq wfovµv‰‭ ev‡mi g‡a¨ K‡óm„‡ó ùvwo‡q _vK‡Z _vK‡ZB Zvi fvebv :
wiZzi m‡½ we‡q n‡j Iiv evmv euva‡e| evmv Zvi gv‡b Po‬B †hgb K‡i
evmv euv‡a, wKsev eveyB †hgb K‡i bxo iPbv K‡i| LoKz‡Uv †RvMvi K‡i
j¤^v ZvjcvZv wP‡i wP‡i Iiv bxo wKsev Avkªq iPbv K‡i| `vk ZvB
wj‡L‡Qb, cvwLi bx‡oi gZ †PvL Zz‡j| †Kb wjL‡jb f`ª‡jvK cvwLi
bx‡oi gZ †PvL? Rvgvb mw½bx †c‡j Zzwg wK Ki‡e? evmv euva‡e bv bxo
iPbv Ki‡e? bvwK cvqivi gZ GKUv bvgKv Iqv‡¯‭ evmv, wQwi †bB, Quv`
†bB, ïK‡bv KvwV †LuvPv R‡ov K‡i, †kvevi N‡ii †Kv‡Y R‡ov K‡i †Kvb
iK‡g GKUv evmv euvav †Zgb K‡i evmv euva‡e? evZv‡m KvwV‡LuvPv¸‡jv
wKQy c‡o hvq, evwK¸‡jv c‡ov c‡ov wK‰‧ c‡o bv; Zvi Ic‡iB Zxeª
ivZ`ycy‡i wW‡g Nl Nl K‡i Zv †`q, LvwbKUv eKg eKg K‡i, Wvbv
Sv‡o, Ajmea~ †hgb K‡i wemª¯‭em‡b nvB †Zv‡j| bvwK Zzwg wkíx eveyB-
Gi gZ ZvjcvZv wP‡i wP‡i `yÕ‡KvVvIqvjv bxo iPbv Ki‡e Avgvi
†evb‡K mw½bx †c‡q?Õ
ÔkKzbÕ M‡í mivmwiB kKz‡bi eY©bv Av‡Q| Rvbv †Mj, Ônv‡gkv †`Lv hvq Ggb
cvwL‡ì g‡a¨ kKzbB Zxi †e‡M gvwU‡Z †b‡g Zvj mvgjv‡bvi R‡b¨ LvwbKUv †`․‡o hvq|Õ
Ô†gvjøvÕ kKzb, Ô†gvojÕ kKzb BZ¨vw` wefvRb Av‡Q MÖv‡gi †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q| kKz‡bi Iovi
Kvq`vwUI Rvbv hvq Zvi Dci evjK‡ì AvµgY ïi i cÖv°v‡j| Ô†bvOiv weivU `y‡Uv cvLv
†g‡j wew‪Qix bLIqvjv cv `y‡Uv Pig w¶cÖZvi m‡½ Pvwj‡q †`․ov‡Z ïi  Kij †m...GBfv‡eB
Iiv Ioevi cÖ¯‧wZ †bq, fvigy³ Kievi †Póv K‡i wb‡R‡K|Õ
M‡íi kKzbUv Av‡jv _vK‡Z _vK‡Z evmvq wdi‡Z cv‡iwb| ÔweKU DrKU
`yM©Ü...fvMv‡oi Auvk‡U MÜ gvLv‡bv, MwjZ R‰‧i ke‡`‡ni cPv cuv‡K †m †hb GBgvÎ m′vb
K‡i G‡m‡Q| kKzwb-KzKz‡i jovB‡qi †klwPý GLbI GKUv wQU‡K †ewi‡q Avmv †gvUv
LmL‡m, †bvOiv cvjK †_‡K †Ui cvIqv hvq|Õ
†Q‡jiv AvNv‡Z AvNv‡Z KzrwmZ cvwLUv‡K Av‡iv KzrwmZ K‡i †`q| †Kb? G wK
ïayB Zv‡ì †Ljv? bxwZwk¶vi GK M‡í Av‡Q, evj‡Kiv cyKz‡ii e¨vO‡ì j¶ K‡i Dch©ycwi
wXj Qy‡o hvq| m`©vi e¨v‡Oi wRÁvmvi Rev‡e †Q‡jiv G‡K ïay †Ljv e‡jB Rvbvq| ZZLb
m`©vi e¨vOwU e‡j, Ô†Zvgv‡ì R‡b¨ hv †Ljv, †mUvB Avgv‡ì cÖvYni‡Yi KviY n‡q
ùvwo‡q‡QÕ| GB M‡í kKzb‡K gviv wK ïayB †Ljvi e‡k? Aek¨B bq| †Q‡jiv kKz‡bi cÖwZ
320
Zv‡ì iv‡Mi K_vwU e‡j‡Q| e‡j‡Q, ÔZz †Zv kKzwb, †Zvi Mv‡q MÜ, Zz fvMv‡o giv Mi  Lvm,
KzKz‡ii mv‡_ †QuovwQuwo KwimÑ†Zv‡K †`‡L ivM jv‡M K¨v‡b?Õ
iv‡Mi cÖK…Z KviYwU D‡b¥vwPZ nq Gi ciciBÑ †Q‡j‡ì fvebvqÑ Ôg‡b nq Zv‡ì
Lv`¨ †hb kKzwbi Lv`¨ÑZv‡ì †cvkvK †hb Ii Mv‡qi weK…Z MÜfiv †bvsiv cvj‡Ki
gZÑmy`‡Lvi gnvR‡bi †Pnvivi K_v g‡b nq I‡K †`‡L| bB‡j gnvRb‡K kKzwb e‡j †Kb|Õ
†evSv hvq, GBR‡b¨ MÖv‡gi `wi`ª evjK‡ì kKzbUvi Ici GZ ivM| ZvB †Zv Zv‡K Pig
wb`©qfv‡e kvw¯‭ w`‡q K`vKvi K‡i †d‡j Ges GKch©v‡q †m gviv hvq| Z‡e GB kKzbwU
Av‡iv Nwbô iƒcK n‡q hvq Ab¨ GKwU NUbvi m~‡Î| mKv‡j ïay g„Z kKzb bq, A‣ea
m¤ú‡K©i dj b‡evRvZ wkïi GK g„Z‡`n †`‡L MÖv‡gi me gvbyl Pg‡K I‡V| g„Z RvZKwU
wQj Kv`y †k‡Li weaev †ev‡bi| Amy¯ Zvi K_v e‡j †m ev‪PvwU‡K †`L‡Z Av‡mwb| M‡íi
†k‡l †jLK Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Ô†m Amy¯ | w`‡bi Pov Av‡jvq Zv‡K A ¢yZ d¨vKv‡k †`Lv‡‪Q giv
kKzwbUvi gZB|Õ Zvn‡j kKzb ïay my`‡Lvi gnvRbB bq, `wi`ªN‡ii fvM¨jvwÃZv igYxI n‡Z
cv‡i! A‣ea m‰‭v‡bi †d‡j †Ìqv g„Z‡`n Avi cvLbv-†Zvjv, Mjv‡Qjv, ¶Zwe¶Z kKz‡bi
g„Z‡`‡ni mv`„k¨ Pg‡K w`‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e G M‡í kKzb‡K e„nr, KzrwmZ, wbR fv‡iB
fvivµv‰‭ cyuwRev‡ì iƒcK| AcwiYZ, wKQyUv ev¯‭eÁvbnxb n‡jI wK‡kv‡iiv bZzb wKQyi Rb¨
`ª ZB mvnmx n‡q I‡V, Zv‡ì A_©vr bexb cÖRb¥ I cÖv‡Yi nv‡ZB cyuwRev‡ì wbg©g cwiYwZ
Kvgbv K‡i‡Qb †jLK|
PZz®ú` : mf¨ gvbyl Gj Av‡iv c‡i

f~wg‡Z mnR wePi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖvwYKzj cÖ_gZ PviwU c`‡K we‡klfv‡e wbf©i K‡iwQj| G‡ì
g‡a¨ GK cÖRvwZ Kx GK †Lqv‡j †mvRv n‡q ùvov‡Z PvBj| †cQ‡bi cv-`ywUi Dci me fvi
w`‡q mvg‡bi A½`ywU w`‡q dzj-dj-Wvj ai‡Z PvBj, `~‡ii m½x‡K Bkviv Ki‡Z PvBj,
Av‡iv Av‡iv KvR Ki‡Z PvBj| d‡j mvg‡bi cv-`y‡Uv nv‡Z iƒcv‰‭wiZ nj; m„wó nj
gvbeÑGgbUvB weeZ©bev`x‡ì aviYv| GB ZË¡vbyhvqx †`Lv hv‡‪Q PZz®ú`cÖvYxi mv‡_B
gvby‡li m¤úK© `xN©w`‡bi| GB m¤úK© KZUv I †Kb Nwbô Zv Rvbvi R‡b¨ BwZnvm cov jv‡M
bv, wbZ¨B Avgiv Zvi cwiPq cvB| Z‡e mevi m‡½ m¤úK© GKiKg bq| bvbv we‡ePbvq bvbv
†`‡k-†Mvwô‡Z †Kv‡bv PZz®ú`x M„ncvwjZ I f¶¨; †Nvov-Mvavi g‡Zv †KD †KD M„ncvwjZ
n‡jI Af¶¨| wkqv‡ji g‡Zv †KD †KD f¶Ï bq, †cvlÏ bq| D‡ëv gvbylB f¶¨ Ggb
PZz®úÌ Av‡Q, wK‰‧ Kx †K․k‡j †hb K‡e gvbyl Zv‡ì‡K †jvKvjq †_‡K `~i-Mfxi R½‡j
cvwV‡q‡Q| Z‡e Gme PZz®ú` m`‡b-Rbc‡`-R½‡j †h †hLv‡bB _vKzK gvby‡li Rxe‡b I
gb‡b †h GKUv Ae¯ vb wb‡qB Av‡Q, Zvi cÖgvY wn‡m‡e gvby‡li wkímvwn‡Z¨ Awfe¨³ nq|
Av‡jvPbvi ïi ‡Z Avgiv †`‡LwQ gvbyl cïwfwËK MvjvMvwj‡Z PZz®ú`x cÖvYx‡K
Avkªq K‡i‡Q kZKiv be″B fvM mgq| nvmv‡bi M‡í Gme cïwbf©i Mvwj gvby‡li
†Mvwô‡PZbvi mv‡_I wg‡k‡Q| †hgb, ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ M‡í we¶zä Pvwl‡ì Ôfv`y‡i KzKz‡ii
g‡ZvÕ Db¥Ë e‡j Zzjbv K‡i f`ªR‡biv, Aciw`‡K evMw`‡ì nv‡Z wbnZ nq ÔïKziRvZ
eveywUÕ| ÔmxgvbvÕ M‡í wkKvwi eo`v`y Avw` gvbyl‡ì ey‡bv ï‡qvi wn‡m‡eB we‡ePbv K‡i|
ÔwelgivwÎ : cÖ_g cÖniÕ M‡íi K_K e„wói g‡a¨ Qy‡U-Pjv evmwU‡K Zzjbv K‡iwQj
Ôg`gË KixÕi mv‡_ Avi ev‡mi g‡a¨ Mv‡qi Ici nvg‡j cov †jvgIqvjv, `yM©Ügq gvbyl‡K
321
Zzjbv K‡iwQj fvjy‡Ki mv‡_, wK‰‧ KzKzi, Mi  Avi †cvKv-cZ½‡K Zzjbv K‡iwQj ¯^Rb-
cwiRb wn‡m‡e| AvRb¥ `vwi‡`ªï g‡a¨ †e‡o-IVv K_K Pj‰‭ ev‡m g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i :
Avgiv †mB evwo‡Z evm KiZvg, Avwg, wiZz, gv| j¨vRKvUv GKUv KzKzi
†mB evwo‡Z evm KiZ, KzKzi‡ì g‡a¨ `ywf©¶ †nvj hLb ZLbI †m
Avgv‡ì †Q‡o hvqwbÑ `ywf©‡¶ k¥kv‡bÑAvgv‡ì mwZ¨Kvi eÜz wQj †m|
†mB evwo‡Z wUKwUwK, wMiwMwU, Avi‡kvjv, Bu`yi, Afve Ges ¯^v_©ci †m′n
GKm‡½ Mv`vMvw`, VvmvVvwm K‡i evm KiZ|...GKUv Kv‡jv MvB wQj,
Zvi †PvL wQj wbKl Kv‡jv, Zvi Pvnwb Avgvi gv‡qi Pvnwbi gZ : Zvi
ci‡b XvKvB kvox, Kcv‡jÑÓ
D‡jøL¨ K_‡Ki gv wQj weaev, m‰‭vb`y‡Uv‡K †QvU †i‡LB ¯^vgx gviv wM‡qwQj| weaev gv
Aj¼vi †e‡P †Q‡j‡K kn‡ii K‡j‡R we.G. cov‡Z cvwV‡qwQj| †Q‡jwU‡K gv ejZ ÔmvZ
ivRvi ab GK gvwbKÓ; Avi †mB ÔgvwbKÕ wb‡R‡K KzKzi I Kjyi ej‡ì mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i
e‡jwQj:
`yB cv‡qi duv‡K †jR Pvjvb K‡i KzuB KzuB K‡i †m Rxe‡bi cvV wb‡Z
jvMj| †m eo nevi †Póv Ki‡Z jvMj, `kR‡bi GKRb n‡Z Avi¤¢
Kij| †m gv_v bvwg‡q †Rvqvj Nv‡o Kij| Kjyi ej‡ì gZ Avwg
Nvwb‡Z Ry‡Z †Mjvg-Avgiv-GB mvZ ivRvi ab gvwb‡Kiv †Pv‡L Vywj c‡i
cvK w`‡Z jvMj|
Kv‡jv MvB‡qi †Pv‡Li mv‡_ gv‡qi Pvnwbi Zzjbv †Mv-cÖRvwZi Ici Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi cig
wbf©iZvi K_vwU Bw½Zen K‡i‡Q| nvmvb cjøxevsjvi Mí †kvbv‡Z wM‡q eviseviB GB
cwikªgx cÖvYxwUi K_v e‡j‡Qb, Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb| Ô†kvwY‡Z †mZzÕ (ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ) M‡í
Mi i iƒc I ¯^fv‡ei me©vwaK I Abycy‫‫‬L eY©bv i‡q‡Q Ges Zv ïi ‡ZB Gfv‡e :
`ywU luvo jovB‡q †b‡g‡Q| †hv×v `ywUi GKwUi is aea‡e kv`v, Kv‡jv
PzjAjv Pvg‡ii g‡Zv cwi‪Qb′ j¤^v †jR, DuPz Lvov KzKz`| GwU weivU
AvKv‡ii, Nv‡oi w`KUv mi , cv¸‡jvI ZvB, KzPKz‡P Kv‡jv `yB †PvL|
wbevm GB MÖv‡gB| Avi GKwU we‡`kxÑ†Kv_v †_‡K G‡m‡Q wVK ejv
hv‡‪Q bvÑ†auvqv‡U is, †eu‡ULv‡Uv k³ euvaywb, †QvU †QvU cv, fxlY †gvUv
M`©vb, †Pv‡Li is †auvqv‡U, QvB QvB, wb‡P KvRj civ‡bv| fyi i wb‡P wZb
Pvi‡U K‡i ewj‡iLv| †`‡LB g‡b nq e`‡gRvRx Av KzPz‡U ¯^fv‡ei| cÖvq
mK‡jB GB iKg gZ w`‡q‡Q †h jovBUv euvwa‡q‡Q H euvUKzjUv| G
Muv‡qi luvoUv bvwK fvwi j²x! luvo n‡jI|
Zv Rvbv‡bv †h nj, MÖv‡gi kv`v Mi Uv †`L‡Z †hgb my‱ì, ¯^fv‡e Ôfvwi j²xÕ| †Kgbaviv
j²x? †m †fvi‡ejv gv‡jK gÊ‡ji †e¸bMvQ¸‡jv mvevo KiwQj, †eov¸‡jvI fvOwQj| gÊj
ûo‡Kv nv‡Z †ewi‡qwQj, Z‡e Zv‡K †cUv‡bvi R‡b¨ bqÑfq †`Lv‡bvi R‡b¨| Mi wU m¤ú‡K©
MÖvgevmx‡ì Av‡e‡Mi Ave‡n †jLK Rvwb‡q‡Qb, Ôa‡g©i luvo e‡j †KD Zv‡K wKQy e‡j bv|
ZvQvov we‡ePbv K‡i †`L‡j †m AwZ wkó I kv‰‭ ¯^fv‡eiI e‡U| Z‡e †MvRb¥ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z
†M‡j Lv`¨MÖnYI †Zv Ki‡Z nq|...Ggb Av`y‡i ¯^fve Ii †h wKj Po Nywl hvB PjyK bv †Kb
B‡‪Q n‡j ùvwo‡q _vK‡e wKsev e‡mB _vK‡e ev hv Lvw‪Qj †L‡qB hv‡e|Õ
322
Gw`b Aek¨ Mi Uv ùvovqwb, gv‡jK‡K †`‡L Òluv‡o‱`ªMg‡b cyew`‡Ki Lvgv‡i †Sv‡ci
g‡a¨Ó Xy‡KwQj| GB Ôluv‡o‱`ªMgbÕ kã †_‡K eyS‡Z cvwi †jLK GB eY©bvKv‡j †ek g‡R
wM‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB †mB Dc‡fvM¨ eY©bvi ¯^v` mivmwi MÖn‡Yi R‡b¨ Avgiv Av‡iKUz `xN© D×…wZ
†è| ZLb cMv‡ii Xvjy Mv‡q ewnivMZ Mi wU‡K †`Lv †Mj :
GMuv‡qi kv`v luvowU †hb cÖvZte¨vqv‡gi R‡b¨B nvjKv †gRv‡R Ges
wbtk¼wP‡Ë K‡qKUv jvd w`‡q †Sv‡ci evB‡i P‡j G‡jv| Ges †mvRv
ci‡`kxwUi gy‡LvgywL| GKUz nKPwK‡q †Mj kv`vUvÑwK‰‧ cÖvq m‡½ m‡½
mvg‡j wb‡q †m mgªv‡UvwPZ fw½‡Z IUvi w`‡K †P‡q †P‡q ciL Ki‡Z
jvMj| QvB is‡qiUv GKevi ZvKv‡jv gvÎÑZviciB Av‡¯‭v †Muvqv‡ii
g‡Zv Nvo bvgv‡jv|...
evB‡i †_‡K g‡b nw‪Qj G‡Kev‡i mKvj †ejv‡ZB mg‡i cÖe„Ë n‡Z
GMuv‡qi ivRvwaiv‡Ri GKUzI B‡‪Q wQj bv| †m wcwQ‡q G‡m GKevi
AeÁvi mv‡_ ewnivMZ ee©iwUi w`‡K †P‡q ¯ vbZ¨v‡Mi Dcµg Kij|
µz× MR©b K‡i DVj QvB is‡qiwU, Zvi †gvUv Nvo Av‡iv †gvUv n‡q G‡jv
†h‡nZz †m gv_v cÖvq gvwU‡Z bvwg‡q †d‡j‡Q| GB Ae¯ v‡ZB †cU Lvwj
K‡i Av‡iv GKevi M‡R© DVj †m, Zvici gv_v Zz‡j †jR Lvov K‡i
kÎ i wcQ‡b wcQ‡b Pj‡Z ïi  Kij| kv`v luvowU (Zv‡K gvwbK bv‡g
WvKv nq) GKev‡iv wd‡i ZvKv‡jv bv cðv×vebiZ •eixi (aiv hvK Zvi
bvg AejvKv‰‭, hwÌ bvgUv wVK gvbvbmB †nvj bvÑZ‡e A_©en wbðqB)
w`‡K| Aejv dzU cuv‡PK eëavb †i‡L Pj‡ZB _v‡K Ges GBfv‡eB Iiv
iv¯‭vq G‡m nvwRi nq| nVvr G‡Kev‡i AvKw¯§Kfv‡e GBevi gvwbK,
m¤¢eZ AZ¨‰‭ Dc`ª Z Ges wei³ n‡q wcQb wd‡iB AejvKv‡‰‭i cuvRivq
Ggb mvsNvwZK GKUv ¸u‡Zv w`j Avi †Zgwb K‡iB I‡K Ggbfv‡e
†Vj‡Z ïi  Kij †h Aejvi †bnvr Pvi‡U cv wQjÑbv n‡j AZ ZvovZvwo
wcwQ‡q hvIqv Zvi c‡¶ m¤¢e †nvZ bv| gvwbK Zv‡K †Vj‡Z †Vj‡Z
cMv‡ii w`‡KÑXvjy RwgUvi Dc‡ii w`‡K wb‡q Pjj|
Gici luvo`y‡Uv wKQy¶‡Yi R‡b¨ ci¯úi‡K †Q‡o w`‡qwQj, Zvici Avevi cÖej weµ‡g g~j
jovBUv ïi  K‡i| Gfv‡e M‡íi ïi UvB n‡qwQj Zv‡ì GB `xN© wZbw`be¨vcx hy‡×i Lei
w`‡q|
Aek¨ GB lÊKvÛB MíwUi GKgvÎ ev g~j Kvwnbx bq| gvbyl‡Kw‱`ªK `y‡ Uv NUbvaviv
Av‡Q GLv‡b| KweivR wbkvbv_ giY`kvq Dcw¯ Z| Zvi gviv hvIqvUv wQj mg‡qi e¨vcvi
wK‰‧ Zv‡KI †`Lv †Mj gvwbK-AejvKv‡‰‭i jovB ï‡b wKQyUv †hb D¾xweZ| mivmwi
D‡jøwLZ-bv n‡jI wØZxq Kvwnbxi mv‡_B Mi i jovB‡qi †hvM AvZ¨w‰‭K| nVvr K‡iB MÖv‡gi
†jvK GK gnvDc`ª‡ei wkKvi| kn‡ii GK eëmvqx Gevi Zvi †jvKRb‡K w`‡q we‡ji av‡i
Pvwl‡ì jvMv‡bv avb †K‡U wb‡q hv‡e| A_P GB eëmvqx‡K Zviv †P‡bI bv, Kv‡RB Zv‡ì
mv‡_ †Kv‡bv kÎ ZviI NUbv †bB| AejvKv‰‭I †Zgwb, nVvr †Kv_v †_‡K G‡m MÖv‡gi gvwbK
bv‡gi Mi wUi mv‡_ weev` evavq| ïay wK GKUv bvg ìKvi e‡jB MÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv AejvKv‰‭
bvgwU w`‡qwQj? GB wcÖq PZz®ú` †kªwY‡K Aek¨ MÖv‡gi †jv‡Kiv Ggwbfv‡e bvgKiY K‡iB
323
_v‡K bv‡gi hv_v_©¨ we‡ePbv-bv K‡iB| Z‡e †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ wbðqB wQj| AejvKv‰‭ †hgb
my‱ì bvg, †Zgwb †jLK Rvwb‡q‡Qb †mB cÖfvekvjx eëmvqxi gy‡LI GKUv gnr D‡Ïkï
K_v wQjÑ Ô†m bvwK †jvbvcvwb †_‡K wej euvPv‡bvi R‡b¨ †h euva †Ìqv nq MZ eQi †mwUi
Pzw³ wb‡qwQj Rjwe`y¨r wefv‡Mi KvQ †_‡K|Õ cuywRcwZi AvwacZëv`x f~wgKv GLv‡b ¯úóZB
†jLK Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| GLb cyuwRnxb, kv‰‭mij MÖvgevmxiv Kx Ki‡e? Zviv weev‡` Rov‡Z Pvq
bv, †hgb Pvqwb gvwbK| wK‰‧ GKmgq jovB Qvov Zvi MZ¨‰‭i _v‡Kwb| K…lK‡bZvI †mB
jovB‡qi Awbevh©Zvi K_v †evSvq Pvwl‡ì| wK‰‧ Zv‡Z wK Rq cvIqv hv‡e, we‡klZ
†jvKUvi ¯^fveUvB AZ¨‰‭ Lvivc, kw³I Av‡Q Zvi, AvBb‡KI wb‡Ri c‡¶ K‡i wb‡q‡Q|
wK‰‧ Avi †Kv‡bv c_B hLb †bB ZLb msMÖv‡gi cÖ¯‧wZB wb‡Z nq MÖv‡gi Pvwl‡ì| †`Lv hvq,
Gev‡i wbkvbv_ ïay †h D‡V e‡m‡Q Zv-B bq, cÖ¯‧wZiZ Pvwl‡ì †`L‡ZI †ewi‡q c‡o‡Q|
AviI wKQy c‡i DÏxcbv-mÂvix NUbvwU NUj| †`Lv †Mj, i‡Y f½ w`‡q cvjv‡‪Q evB‡i
†_‡K Avmv KzPz‡U ¯^fv‡ei luvowU, †cQ‡b MR©b Ki‡Z Ki‡Z †Z‡o hv‡‪Q gvwbK; GLb Zvi
kixi‡KB †`Lv‡‪Q ÔivRKxq wekvjÕ| Gici me©‡kl Aby‡‪Q‡ì m¤ú~Y©Uv wbg′iƒc :
NUbvwU‡K PzcPvc ùvwo‡q †`L‡Z †`L‡Z `y‡e©va¨ Kvi‡Y mg¯‭ gvbyl GK
m‡½ Mfxi Lv` †_‡K wPrKvi ïi  K‡i ZxeªZvi †kl cÖv‡‰‭ wM‡q _v‡g|
KviYwU Ô`y‡e©va¨Õ bq, bq ïay wbR MÖv‡gi Mi wUi Rq‡K D`hvcb, e¯‧Z AvµgYKvix,
AvwacZ¨Kvgx, Ackw³i wei ‡× cÖvYcY jovB‡q AeZxY© n‡j †h wKQy ¶q¶wZi †k‡l †h
Rq Avm‡eÑ†mB g‰¿ jvf K‡i Pvwliv Drdzjø n‡qwQj| cyuwRcwZ, mvgªvRëv`xi wei ‡×
giYcY msMÖv‡gi Avn″vb I †k‡l Awbevh© R‡qi Avk¦vm G M‡í †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q luv‡oi
jovB‡qi m~‡Î|
Ô†kvwY‡Z †mZzÕ M‡í Mi i cÖZxKx iƒc`vbB wQj †jL‡Ki j¶¨, Ab¨vb¨ M‡í Mi 
cÖvqB ¯^fveMZ iƒ‡cB G‡m‡Q| GB iƒcwU nj kv‰‭, Aejv, cwikªgx, K…l‡Ki RxweKvi cÖavb
wbf©iZv| mvc-msµv‰‭ Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv †h e‡jwQjvg ¶wZKi mv‡ci wecix‡Z MÖvgxY
gvby‡li DcKvix eÜzcÖwZg PZz®ú` cÖvYxi Mí Av‡Q nvmv‡bi, †mB cÖvYxwU AweKífv‡eB Mi 
Avi MíwUi bvg ÔAvg„Zz¨ AvRxebÕ|
M‡íi ïi ‡Z Rvbv hvq Kigvwji Mi  `y‡Uv| Gi g‡a¨ Ôajv Mi Uvi †jR bvPwQj
PÂjfv‡e|Õ A_©vr G Mi Uv PÂj ev kw³gvb my¯ | Z‡e Zvi ÔGKcv‡k †Luvov MvBUv ï‡q
L‡oi Mv`vq| wekvj Kv‡jv †Pv‡L †P‡q Av‡Q AÜKv‡ii w`‡K|Õ A_©vr G Amy¯  Mi Uv gi‡Z
e‡m‡Q| wK‰‧ NUbv N‡U AfvweZ| Z‡e Zvi Av‡M †m NUbvi Bw½Zen Av‡iv wKQy N‡U|
Kigvwj we‡ji av‡i R½jgq Rwg‡Z KvR Ki‡Z †M‡j, cÖ_g †Kv`vj Pvjv‡bvi m‡½ m‡½
ÔwnmÕ kã I‡V| kãUv †Kv`vj Pvjv‡bvi bq| ÔcÖvq GKB mg‡q †mvbvjx i‡Oi mvejxj jZvi
GKUv KzÊjx‡K we`y¨‡Zi gZ D‡ëvw`‡K Ly‡j †h‡Z †`‡LwQj|Õ MÖvgevsjvi Pvwli wK mvc
†`‡L Pg‡K hvIqv gvbvq? wK‰‧ Kigvwj wK fxlYfv‡e nZPwKZ n‡qwQj Zv †jL‡Ki eY©bv
c‡o ey‡S wb‡Z cvwi mn‡RB :
Zvi AZxZ Rxe‡bi Ici Rb¥c~‡e©i AÜKvi bv‡gÑjvUvB‡qi my‡Zv Lyj‡Z
_v‡K Ges Rxeb Uvj †L‡Z _v‡K `yi‰‭ nvIqvq, Afve `ytL `vwi`ª¨
cwikª‡gi fwel¨r wejyß nq, eZ©gvb `„k¨cUI AveQv n‡q Av‡m Ges †m
Zvi Pvlx Rxe‡bi mwÂZ mg¯‭ g‡bv‡hvM w`‡q †`v`yj¨gvb mvcwU‡K cuvP
nvZ `~i †_‡K †`L‡ZB _v‡K| weivU GKUv QvZvi gZ Zvi dYv Avi
324
dYvi Ici †h †Mv¶zi ac ac Ki‡Q Zv †hb ki‡Zi mKv‡ji m~‡h©i gZ
D¾¡j| Kigvwj Zvi †Pv‡Li w`‡K †PvL ivLvi †Póv KijÑwK‰‧ mvcUvi
a~mi ¤øvb VvÊv welY′ †PvL`ywU m¤ú~Y© webv †Póvq `„wói cÖwZØw‱ØZv civ¯‭
K‡i, d‡j wØZxqevi Kigvwj †mw`‡K †PvL Zz‡j ZvKvevi cÖ‡Póv †_‡K
weiZ nq|
eY©bvwU GLv‡bB †kl n‡q hvqwb| GKvwaK c„ôv we¯‭…Z K‡i i‡q‡Q GB eY©bv| hwÌ wKQyB
N‡U bv GLv‡b ev hv N‡U‡Q Zv mvgvb¨ÑmvcwU ÔivRKxq kvjxbZvi m‡½ Plv Rwgi Ici w`‡q
AvjUvi †Kvj †Nu‡l, mvgvb¨ cvwb‡Z A½ Wywe‡q...A`„k¨ †nvj|Õ A_P †Mv¶ziwU †hb Kigvwji
†Pv‡Li mvg‡b bvMi‡`vjvi gZ `yjj, Zx¶è û‡ji g‡Zv bvgnxb †e`bvq weuaj †PZbvq,
MvQ¸‡jv Qvwo‡q Zvi gv_v DVj, Zv‡K cyKz‡ii †P‡q e‡ov g‡b nj| ÔGBfv‡e Kigvwj
wb‡g‡l Ave„Z †nvj Zvi msmvi mva evmbvmn| Zvi dYvi bx‡P ejkvjx AÜKv‡ii ùvZ
Kogo K‡i I‡V Ges nv½‡ii gZ †mB `‰‭cO&w³ MÖv‡gi gvby‡li Ñ†f‡O cov, NyY aiv A_P
Ck¦‡ii gZ A‡gvN gvby‡li msMÖvg‡K MÖnY K‡i Ges gyn~‡Z© wPwe‡q †hb ¸u‡ov K‡i †d‡j|Õ
Zvn‡j mvc wPiewÂZ Pvwl‡ì RxebRy‡o †cuwP‡q _vKv A‡gvPbxq `yf©v‡Mï cÖZxK|
ZvB‡Zv Kigvwji evwowU‡Z mngg©x‡ì wfo R‡gwQj †hwU govevwo‡Z cwiYZ
n‡qwQj| we‡ji cv‡ki Rwg †_‡K KvR †k‡l evwo wd‡i †m cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì †`L‡Z cvq| c‡i
†Mvqv‡j Xy‡K †m †`‡L, ÔAvnv mg¯‭ †Mvqvj Ry‡o `xNj Zi Y cyi ó ajv ejÙv nvZ cv †g‡j
wb_i ï‡q Av‡Q| †m Zvi mRj Kv‡jv †PvL †g‡j Av‡Q Ges Zv †_‡K cvwb Mwo‡q †Pvqvj
ch©‰‭ G‡m‡Q Avi aca‡c †dbv R‡g Av‡Q Zvi gy‡Li GKcv‡k| mvg‡bi GKUv cv nuvUz ch©‰ ‭
¸wU‡q eo Uvb Uvb Ki Y †m ï‡q Av‡Q|Õ Gev‡i †`Lv hvq weivU bxj gvwQ ajv Mi Uvi Dci
wM‡q em‡Q Avi Ôey‡ov †Luvov MvBUv mi mi K‡i †jR bv‡oÕ|
NvZK mvcwU Kx fq¼i †mB wb‡q cÖwZ‡ekxiv ïay g‰‭e¨B K‡i bv, mge¨_vq †Ku‡Ì
I‡V A‡b‡K| Avi †Rv‡i wejvc K‡i ingv‡bi gv A_©r Kigvwji ¯¿xÑ ÔwK Kvjmv‡c LvB‡Q
†iÑI‡i Avgv‡i K¨vb †b‡j bv|Õ Avevi cwikªv‰‭ Kigvwj Mi i g„Zz¨ wb‡q GZB fvweZ-
fvivµv‰‭ nq †h GKgvÎ †Q‡j ingvwji K_v fy‡jB wQj| GgbwK Ô†m ajv ejÙvi e`‡j
ingvwj‡K nviv‡Z cÖ¯‧Z wQjÕ| ingvwj Aek¨ wcZvi Kv‡Q G‡m e‡j, Ô†Zvgvi †Zv U¨vnv †bB
evRvb, ajv `vgovUv gwi‡QÑAvi †Zv Mi  wKbwZ cviev bvÑGev‡ii fvM-PvlWv wK K‡i
Kiev?Õ ingvwj K_vUv e‡j wdm wdm K‡i Avi Gev‡i GZ¶Y c‡i ÔAvgiv Gevi gviv
hvev‡b‡i evRvbÑAvPgKv wPrKvi K‡i Kigvwj|Õ
Rwgi gvwjK G‡j ÔAvgv‡i †ePwjI Mi i G¨vÆv V¨vs wKbwZ cviebv‡bÕ e‡j
AmnvqZv cÖKvk K‡i Kigvwj| ZviciI †Kv‡bvfv‡e Gev‡ii g‡Zv Rwg Qvwo‡q bv-†bqvi
R‡b¨ ivwR Kivq †m| ciw`b mKv‡jB Qy‡U hvq †mB RwgwUi Kv‡Q :
Ab¨w`b †h c‡ov RwgUv fvMv‡oi gZ wbR©b n‡q _v‡KÑKvK ev wPj
†QvULvU nvo wKsev Ab¨ wKQy †bvsiv wRwbl wb‡q bvovPvov K‡i, giv
we‡oj ev KzKz‡ii Ici kKzb G‡m e‡m Ges cÎnxb wkg~jMv‡Q wKQy wKQy
NyNy G‡m `ycy‡ii K¬vw‰‭‡Z WvK‡Z _v‡KÑ†mLv‡b GLb kv`v Kv‡jv Ges
Av‡iv A‡bK e‡Y©i, A‡bK AvKv‡ii A¸bwZ Mi  gv_v SzuwK‡q PzcPvc
ùvwo‡q‡Q| Zv‡ì eo eo Kvb Lvov n‡q DV‡Q KL‡bvÑ†jR bvovi mc
325
mc kã †kvbv hv‡‪Q Ges kix‡ii Ask we‡k‡li Pvgov Kuvwc‡q †QvU
Kv‡jv i‡Oi gvwQ Zvov‡Z †`Lv hv‡‪Q|
`yM©Z KigvwjB ïay gv‡V-R½‡j †h‡q Ô†mB ewjô cÖvPxb cÖvYxwU‡KÕ †Luv‡R bv, MÖv‡gi Ab¨
K…l‡KivI we‡klZ Aíeqwm †Q‡jiv mvcUv‡K gvivi R‡b¨ †LuvRvLuywR K‡i| cwiYZ eqmx ev
e„‡×iv †Kb Av‡m bv? wbqwZi g‡Zv H civµgkvjxi mv‡_ cviv Am¤¢e †R‡b? AwfÁZv
w`‡q Zviv GUv †R‡b‡Q ZvB? Avi wK‡kvi I evj‡Ki `j †Kgb †hb GKUv †bkvMÖ‡¯‭i g‡Zv
mvcUv‡K LuyR‡Z _v‡K Ges GKmgq `‡j wek„‫‫‬Ljv I wew‪Qb′Zv m„wó nq| GB NUbvq mvcUv
†kvl‡Ki iƒc‡K cwiYZ Avi wK‡kvi-evj‡Ki KvRwU AcwiYZ-AmsMwVZ-e¨_© Av‡‱`vj‡bi
cÖwZiƒc|
ZvB‡Zv †`Lv †Mj, cyÎ ingvwj‡K ÔKigvwj Avcb wbqwZ‡K †`Lv‡bvi gZ AvOyj
DuwP‡q Zv‡KÕ A_©vr mvcUv‡K †`wL‡q‡Q| Pig kÎ  mvcUv‡K †Kv`v‡ji bvMv‡j †c‡qI AvNvZ
Ki‡Z bv cvivq wew¯§Z ingvwj‡K wcZv Kigvwj e‡j‡Q, Ô†KD gviwZ cv‡i bv| I‡i gviv
hvq bv †Kvbw`b|Õ mv‡ci AvµgY GZUvB A‡gvN †h Zvi mv‡_ Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q ev‡bi
mv‡_, Rwg‡Z †bvbv cvwb †XvKvi mv‡_, eRªcvZ wKsev gvwj‡Ki avb †K‡o †bIqvi mv‡_ Ges
g„Zzï mv‡_| Iw`‡K Kigvwj †h Kigvwji •kk‡ei ¯§„wZ‡ZI †`‡L, Ô†Mvqv‡j RveiKvUv
Mi Õ, †mB Mi  ¯^‡c′i cÖvYxgvÎ|
nvmv‡bi ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ †hb GK cïkvjv| GKRb mgv‡jvP‡Ki g‡Z, GwU
b‡f‡jU †kªwYi iPbv| Avgiv e‡ov Mí ej‡Z PvB| †cvl¨-eb¨, f¶¨-Af¶¨ bvbv cÖvYxi
cÖ‡ek N‡U‡Q G M‡í Kvwnbxi MwZm~‡Î| MÖvg‡Kw‱`ªK K…wl I c~Rv cÖvmw½K AvL¨v‡bi Kvi‡Y
nvmvb GZ me cÖvYxi mgvnvi NUv‡Z †c‡i‡Qb| Avgiv Kvwnbxi avivevwnKZvq G‡Mv‡Z
cvwi| M‡íi cÖvq cy‡ivUv Ry‡o i‡q‡Q nvwZi cÖZxKx Dcw¯ wZ| ïi B n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e : ÔivRvi
nvwZ G‡m †Mj| Zvi †g‡Ni g‡Zv kixi, Zvi ¯ ~‡jvì, †mB gnvKvq c`PZzóq wb‡q †nj‡Z-
`yj‡Z gv‡Vi gvSLv‡b †`Lv w`j|Õ
GB ivRvi nvwZ †`Lv w`‡qwQj cÖvq e„¶nxb jvj gv‡V, †hLv‡b wKQy KuvUvMvQ gvÎ wQj
Avi wQj ÔMi‡gi Zvo‡m cxwoZ AmsL¨ MZ©Õ| ZviciI `k©bxq cÖvYxwU‡K †`L‡Z wfo †j‡M
hvq| evj‡Ki †KD GKRb †Zv nvwZi cv‡qi Qv‡ci ay‡jvq MovMwo Lvw‪Qj GB wek¦v‡m †h,
Gi d‡j †m-I nvwZi g‡Zv †gvUv n‡e| nvwZi cv gv‡S g‡a¨ M‡Z© e‡m hvw‪Qj| Z…òvq
KvZiI n‡q c‡owQj| ZvB ivLv‡jiv ejwQj, ÔD GKUz Rj Pvq‡MvÑR‡j Pvb Ki‡e, Rj
Zzj‡e ûmûwm‡qÑnvwZ kvjv Rj Pvq|Õ †Q‡jiv Aek¨ GgbI †f‡ewQj, Ôkv‡jvi nvwZ Kz‡ji
AuvwU‡Z RãÑkv‡jvi b‡Li duv‡K Kz‡ji AuvwU GU‡K hvqwb †Zv gvwjK!Õ Gme †h Zviv nvwZi
R‡b¨ AK…wÎg D‡ØM wb‡q ejwQj Ggb bq| KviY ÔkvjvÕ ev Ôkv‡jvÕ MvwjI †Zv cvowQj
m‡½| Aek¨ G Mvj A‡bKUvB gvgywj ai‡bi, A‡bKmgq Iiv wb‡R‡ìI w`‡q _v‡K, KL‡bv
KL‡bv G‡K Mvj e‡j g‡bI n‡e bv-ev nq‡Zv| wK‰‧ Gev‡i †h GKUv †¶vf-we‡¶vf wb‡qB
K_v¸‡jv ejwQj, Zv KviYmn †evSv hvq hLb ¶zavZ© ivLv‡jiv G‡K Ac‡ii Mv‡q c‡o †n‡m
KzwU KzwU n‡q ejwQj, ÔRwgi av‡bi fvM wjwe wjwK‡i fywoAqjv gnv‡Rvb? Avqbv G¸ Kjøv
†`|Õ
†evSv hvq Zv‡ì g~j †¶vf nvwZi gvwjK‡ì cÖwZ| GB †¶vf A‡bKUv ¯úó nq
hLb Av‡iv me `k©bv_©x AvU‡K ùvovq nvwZi Pjvi c‡_| Zv‡ì e³e¨ Gev‡i Ab′c~Y©vi †gjv
Kx K‡i n‡e? Pvwiw`‡K Abvnvi Avi g„Zz¨, †gNnxb AvKv‡k cÖLi m~h©, k~b¨ km¨‡¶Z †iv‡`ª
326
†d‡U †M‡Q, iv¯‭vq a~jvÑ †èx gv wK Avi †`Lv †`‡eb? Kv‡RB Zviv nvwZi wc‡V emv evey‡ì
wd‡i †h‡Z e‡j| GgbwK mivmwi MvwjI †`qÑ Ôkvjviv evwo hv, †gjvq †KD hv‡e bv, nvwZ
wM‡q wK nvwZ n‡e!...Aviƒp e¨w³iv ZLb AcgvwbZ n‡q `y-GKwU Avwb `yqvwb wmwK Qyu‡o
Avevi ivRn¯‭xi c_ KÕ‡i †bq|Õ
Z‡e gv Ab′c~Y©vi m‰‧wó‡Z ewj`vb Avi †gjv R‡g IVvi Av‡M †ekKÕwU NUbvq
MíKvwnbx R‡g I‡V| we‡Kj‡ejvq cwðg AvKv‡k †gN R‡g I‡V| †mB †gN †`L‡Z, ÔGBev
fvjy‡Ki g‡Zv,...KL‡bv ev wekvj MRivR ïuo †ZvjvÕ| nvwZwU †hb AvKv‡k Ôwb‡Ri Qvqv
†`‡L PÂj nqÑn¯‭x c¶ cÖv_©bv K‡i e„swnZ nv‡b|Õ Avkvbyiƒc bv-n‡jI gvwU wfwR‡q e„wó
nq| •ekv‡Li †kl w`b wn‡m‡e wQj AvbyôvwbK njKl©‡Yi jM′| mvivw`bB Pvwliv cÖ¯‧Z wQj
jvOj †`qvi R‡b¨| †Zv Gmgq †Zv ¯^vfvweKfv‡e Mi i eY©bv G‡m †M‡Q| †Kv‡bvw`b †Rvqvj
†bqwb Ggb luvo GB AvbyôvwbKZvi D‡ØvabKv‡j eënvi Kiv nq| GB Drme G-AÂ‡ji
K…wlwfwËK mgv‡Ri Avw`gZg Abyôvb e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| iex‱`ªbv_ GB Drme‡K we‡kl
¸i Z¡ w`‡Zb Ges kªxwb‡KZ‡b wb‡R GB Drm‡ei cÖeZ©b K‡i‡Qb, wb‡R Ask wb‡q‡Qb| `ywU
gnrfve GB Abyôvb aviY Ki‡e e‡j wZwb Avkv Ki‡Zb| Avgiv gvwU‡K Kl©Y K‡i A_©vr †h
emyÜiv‡K Awbó K‡i dmj wbB Zv‡K wKQyUv K…ZÁZv I m¤§vb Rvbv‡bv Ges hv‡ì R‡b¨ Ab′
cvB, km¨ cvB †mB Pvwl‡ì mv‡_ Kw_Z f`ªRb‡ì †mZzeÜb iPbv| iex‱`ªªbv_ ZvB Gw`b
wb‡R jvOj a‡i‡Qb| wK‰‧ Rwg`vi‡kªwYi mv‡_ Pvwl‡ì †mB eëavb †h `y¯‭iB †_‡K †M‡Q
ev¯‭ewbô K_vKv‡ii GB M‡í Zvi cÖgvY cvB| wn‱`y-gymwjg wbwe©‡k‡l Pvwliv wPiw`‡bi ewÂZ
I g~K| M‡í Aek¨ †`wL, †h ey‡bvevMwìv B`vbxs eva¨ n‡q Pvlv n‡q‡Q (f`ªR‡bi `„wó‡Z
†bswU-civ G‡ì Aek¨ Ôï‡qv‡ii cv‡jiÕ g‡ZvB jvMwQj), Zviv cÖwZev` K‡i, `ª ZB †¶‡c
I‡V|
hv‡nvK njKl©‡Yi AZ¨vek¨K Dcv`vb Mi | mKvj †_‡KB ivLv‡jiv Mi  cwiPvjbvi
Abykxjb KiwQj, ÔUvKivq wRe †VwK‡q, P, P, Õ K‡i| e„wó GKUz a‡i G‡j †h `y‡Uv luvo Gi
Av‡M jvOj Kuv‡a †bqwb Zv‡ì †K‱`ª K‡i g‡‰¿v‪Pvi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q AvbyôvwbKZv ïi  nq|
Z‡e g‡‰¿ †h cy‡ivwnZ evi evi e‡j †MvjvfwZ© avb Avi cyKzifwZ© gv‡Qi K_v, Zv‡Z Abvnvix
Pvwliv GKUz w¶ß nq I bvbv iwmKZv ïi  K‡i| GKch©v‡q †Zv cyi Z gkvB‡K KvwQ‡gi
mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i D‡ë †`qvi cÖ¯‭veI †`q †KD| Gici jvOjmn Mi i Qy‡UvQywU Avi gvby‡li
Qy‡UvQywU wg‡j GK wek„‫‫‬Ljvi m„wó nq| Z`ycwi e„wóI ïi  nq| Ggb mgq ÑÔH ¯ vb †_‡K `„ó
nq w`wNi c~e©cv‡o eUe„‡¶i Qvqvgq Auvav‡ii Mv‡q AveQv †f‡m IVv MRiv‡Ri Awek¦vm¨
g~wZ©Ñ †hb M‡j M‡j hvq evÑ ïay Zvi gyÊwU giRvMwZK AvMÖ‡n e„swnZ mnKv‡i cybt cybt
k~‡b¨ Av‡‱`vwjZ|Õ Gch©v‡q gvby‡li ms¯‥vi, mgv‡Ri ¶gZvkvjx‡ì RMÏjxq Ae¯ vb, Mi -
ï‡qvi cÖwZg gvby‡li mv‡_ n¯‭xi g‡Zv e„nr-ejkvjx gvbyl‡ì cv_©K¨ BswMZgq K‡i †jLK
wjL‡jbÑ Ôn¯‭xi D³ A½ mÂvjb wK b„‡Zï gy`ªv? Ges †mB wekvj cÖvYxi AvMÖn cÖv_©bvi
cÖfv‡eB wK GB •ekv‡Li †klw`‡b cÖ‡`v‡li ¤øvb Av‡jvq w¶ß e„wó bvgj?Õ
GB ivRn¯‭x evey‡ì gv‡b weËkvjx‡ì wejvm, AnsKvi Avi ¯^vZ‡‰¿ï cÖZxK|
K…wlRxex‡ì †hLv‡b Ab′ †Rv‡U bv, †mLv‡b wejvm-e¨m‡b _v‡K mvg‰‭ivR| mgZ‡ji
K…wlK‡g© nvwZi †Kv‡bv KvR †bBÑ†m ïay `~‡i e‡m †_‡K Ajmfv‡e †jR †b‡o‡Q; nvwZi
mIqvwi evey‡ì KvRI mxwgZ| nvwZi †cU †gvUv, evey‡ì †`nI Pwe©‡Rvov| ïay GB ivLvj
ev Pvwl‡ì †c‡U wK‰‧ fvZ †bB| Zv‡ì Avd‡mvm ÔMi  †h Mi  †mI †Zv `y‡ejv †`vbv †_‡K
327
LoUv †L‡Z cvq|Õ wK‰‧ luvo GKUv gvivZ¥K AvnZ nIqvq wn‱`y hyeK `ywð‰‭vMÖ¯‭ n‡q e‡j,
ÔLyeB Ajy¶z‡Y KvÊ n‡q Mv‡jvÑÕ| Ab¨ †KD GKRb Rev‡e e‡j, ÔGLb †gvPb‡ì
[gymjgvb‡ì] †fv‡M †b‡M hv‡e|Õ `ywf©¶ Avµv‰‭ MÖv‡gi eY©bvq Mi i `y‡f©v‡MiI K_v
G‡m‡Q| Zviv Pig Avd‡mv‡mi mv‡_ ej‡j : B `¨vk ïKvj& †Mj‡Q BLv‡b Zzi †Mvi Uv †iv‡`
cy‡o aidwi‡q g‡i MÕ|
hv †nvK, ÔGBfv‡eB ïf njKl©‡Yi g‡nvrme wQu‡o †d‡U †Uu‡m hvqÕ| GZ¶‡Y iv‡Zi
cÖ_g cÖni cvi n‡Z P‡j‡Q| Gevi Avgv‡ì MíKvwnbxi m~‡Î Av‡qwm eveyhyeK‡ì m½ wb‡Z
n‡e| Zv‡ì c_ I cÖK…wZi eY©bvq †jLK Rvbv‡‪Qb ¶z`ªvwZ¶z`ª KxU †_‡K BZi cÖvYxi K_v :
GK †kªwYi Lo iO wSu wSu c¶ Nl©‡Y DrKU ix ix AvIqvR ZzjwQj Ges
wKQy wKQy †RvbvwK KuvUv‡Sv‡c wUc wUc R¡jwQj e„wó †c‡q, ¶z`ª e¨vO¸‡jv
†ewi‡q‡Q, Rjvf~wg‡Z Av¸b `c `wc‡q D‡V Mwo‡q hvqÑ†QvULv‡Uv
bv`ymby`ym Li‡Mv‡mi AvKv‡ii †g‡Vv Bu`yi¸‡jv av‡bi bvovi Avov‡j
Avov‡j †`․‡ovq| Dci‰‧ `y-GKwU †LuKwkqvj L¨v L¨v k‡ã Ggb †L‡jv
nvwm †`q hv ¯úóZ m′vqygÊwj‡K wew‪Qb′fv‡e wkiwkwi‡q w`w‪Qj|
iv‡Zi AvKvk ZvivLwPZ n‡Z cviZ, Mi i gjb gjvi k‡ãi K_v _vK‡Z cviZ, nVvr
GK`ywU cvwLi †ivgvw‱UK-inm¨gvLv Wv‡Ki K_vI _vK‡Z cviZÑwK‰‧ Zv hLb nqwb ZLb
Avgiv ey‡S wbB Aïf wKQy NU‡Z hv‡‪Q| †mUv AviI wbwðZ nq hLb evey‡ì hyeviv MÖv‡gi
g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i| †mLv‡b Kzu‡oNi †_‡K hwÌ ÔAímí Av‡jvÕ †`Lv hvw‪Qj, wK‰‧ :
Av‡jv e`LZ, fqvbKÑcÖvq k¥kvbmg, hwÌ k¥kv‡b g„Z n‡jI gvbylx
`yM©Üevnx evqy _v‡K Ges MjvcPv g„Z‡`n f¶YiZ k„Mv‡ji †PvL
PKPKvq| †mI †Zv cÖvYx e‡UÑbiemvi MÜ, †mI †Zv cÖej e‡U;
K‡ivwU‡Z evZvm †e‡a †jvgnl©K euvwk ev‡R, Zey ZvI kã| wK‰‧ GB
MÖvg¸‡jv MÜnxb, kãnxb...|
GB cÖvYx-AcÖvYxi Dcw¯ wZ-Abycw¯ wZi eY©bvwUi hv_v_©¨ †g‡j cieZ©x NUbv¸‡jvi gva¨‡g
Ges †mmeI bvbv cïcvwLi Abyl‡½ ewY©Z| h_v: Ñ MÖv‡gi `wi`ª gymjgvb †jv‡Ki †Q‡j gviv
wM‡qwQj Abvnvi Avi Acywó‡ZÑ Ôe¯‧Z giv PvgwP‡K ev ïwK‡q A°v cvIqv euvì Qvbvi
m‡½B g„Z‡`nwUi wgj wQj †ewkÕ| †Q‡jwU `ycy‡i nvwZ †`L‡Z wM‡q †eûuk n‡q c‡owQj|
hye‡Kiv `~i †_‡KB we‡qi ei mvRv‡bvi g‡Zv hZ′ wb‡q jvk †avqv‡bv †`‡L| †`‡L †h,
cyi ‡liv jvk wb‡q evwo †_‡K Ôiv¯‭vq G‡m co‡j `ywU-GKwU MMbwe`vix wPrKvia″wb I‡V
e‡UÑwK‰‧ wKQy‡ZB we‡kl †Rviv‡jv n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i bvÑAZtci ¸e‡i †cvKvi g‡Zv GB
wPrKvi wb‡e©va e„ËvKvi...|Õ hyeK‡ì Kv‡iv B‡‪Q n‡qwQj gymjgvb‡ì mgvwa¯  KivUvI
†`L‡e, wK‰‧ Aci GKRb mveavb K‡i †`q, ÔwK ìKviÑkvjviv me fv`y‡i KzKz‡ii g‡Zv
n‡q Av‡QÑGKevi hw` ¶¨v‡c, wQu‡o †dj‡e GK`g|Õ Z‡e †jLK kevbyMvgx‡ì AbyMvgx n‡q
Av‡iKUz eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb| kehvÎxiv R½jgq †Mvi¯‭v‡b †cu․Qy‡j ÔGKwU eo AvKv‡ii wkqvj
gvwU Luy‡o †ewi‡q †`․o w`‡qwQj|Õ Kei Lb‡bi Kv‡j Ô...mg¯‭ wKQy †evev| KviY K…lK‡ì
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB gvwU‡Z cv Qwo‡q e‡mÑ†hfv‡e †Rvqvj †d‡j Amnvq gwnl †PvL ivOv K‡i
†eLvàv|Õ GKmgq Aek¨ evBk-†ZBk eQ‡ii GK hyeK Kuv`‡Z ïi  K‡i| †m Kvb′vI †hb
†Kgb, g‡b nq Ô†mwU n‡‪Q GKwU duv‡` cov cïi A‡eva Kvb′v|Õ Ôel©xqvb PvlxwUÕ †m Kvb′vI
Aby‡gv`b K‡i bv, e‡j, ÔAv‡i GB †a‡o nbyÑKuv‡`vUv K¨v‡bÑAüv|Õ
328
GB n‡‪Q `wi`ª Pvwl‡ì Rxebaviv| Zv‡ì †Q‡jiv ¯^v¯ ëvb nIqvi R‡b¨ nvwZi
cv‡qi Qv‡c jywU‡q c‡o, wK‰‧ †enuyk n‡q c‡o Zvici gviv hvq| PvgwP‡K ev euv`‡ii g‡Zv
jv‡M Zv‡ì g„Zkixi| GB g„Zz¨‡ZI Zv‡ì gv‡q‡ì Kvb′v ¸e‡iv †cvKvi g‡Zv, hyeK †h
Kuv‡` †m-I cïi g‡Zv, g„‡Zi mrKv‡i K¬v‰‭ Pvwliv gwn‡li g‡Zv e‡m c‡o, †Q‡j‡ì Kuv`‡Z
eviY K‡i Ô†a‡o nbyÕ Mvj w`‡q| Zvi Av‡M Avgiv †`‡LwQ †Mvi¯‭v‡bi †gvUv wkqvj| †mB †h
KvdKvi bvqK g„Zz¨Kv‡j e‡jwQj ÔKzKz‡ii g‡Zv GB Rxeb GB g„Zz¨Õ, †Zgwb †`Ljvg cïi
g‡Zv Rb¥, cïi g‡Zv Rxeb, cïi g‡Zv Kó, cïi g‡Zv K¬vw‰‭, cïi g‡Zv g„Zz¨, cïi g‡Zv
†kvK, Avevi cïiB †fvM GB RxebcÖevn|
wn‱`y †gnbwZ †kªwYiI †h GKB Ae¯ v Zv †`L‡Z n‡j AveviI †mB eveyhyeK‡ì m½
wb‡Z n‡e| Zv‡ì GKRb NÈvevey ZZ¶‡Y Avjv`v c_ a‡i †cu․‡Q †M‡Q †ZuZzj evMw`‡ì
cvovq| †mLv‡b Ôe„× gwn‡li g‡Zv NvD NvD k‡ã †KD †K‡kwQj|Õ wkqv‡ji g‡Zv a~Z©
NÈvevey `y‡Uv UvKvi †jvf †`wL‡q ï‡qvi-LvIqv evMwì †g‡q Kvjxi kixi jyU‡Z Pvq| Kvjx
Aek¨ evesevi i½ K‡i Zv‡ì ï‡qvi Piv‡bv I LvIqvi cÖm½wU †Zv‡j| Zey bv-†L‡Z-cvIqv
wK‰‧ Ôavox ï‡qv‡ii g‡ZvÕ MZ‡ii evMw` †g‡q‡Z Ai wP †bB NÈveveyi| Aek¨ Avgv‡ì GB
Kvjxi MZi †Zgb myweavi bq| Zey wc½jvi cwie‡Z© AvcvZZ GB kxY©v igYx n‡jB Pj‡e
Zvi| Kvjx Zv‡K N‡i wb‡q hvq| †mB N‡i †cu․Qv‡bv wb‡q †jL‡Ki g‰‭e¨ : ÔKvjx wbcyYv
mvwcbxi g‡ZvB Avcb weei Luy‡R †ei K‡i|Õ †Kb mv‡ci weei e‡j ewY©Z nj? ZvQvov
NiwUi eY©bvq †jLK AviI Rvbv‡jb, †mLv‡b gvwU‡Z c‡o wQj Kvjxi Amy¯  ¯^vgx hvi
Avµv‰‭ cv †_‡K ÔfvMv‡o cuvPw`‡bi givMjv Kz°zi‡`‡ni g‡Zv KUz MÜÕ Qovw‪Qj| †e․‡K †m
mveavb KiwQj, ÔAZ cvLg †gwjm bvÕ, Awfm¤úvZ w`w‪Qj Ôgkv‡b k¨vj †Zvi nvo †PÕ‡U
†PÕ‡U kv`v Ki‡e †MvÕ| GKUv AvwìmvZ¥K NUbvi m¤¢vebvi mvg‡b G‡m GiKg exfrm i‡mi
iPbv Pig •ecixZ¨g~jK| Gici †`wL ÔwkKvix weovjer my‡hvMmÜvbx †Muvd‡dvjv‡bvÕ
NÈvevey wbtk‡ã Kvjxi wewfb′ A‡½ jç w`‡ZÕ w`‡Z nVvr cïms¯‥v‡i wcQ‡b ZvKvq| wK‰‧
ZviciI cvwj‡q euvP‡Z cv‡iwb, ï‡qv‡ii g‡Zv Db¥ËZvq Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i evMwìv| GB
nZ¨vKv‡Êi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Av‡iv me fqvbK NUbv N‡UÑH iv‡Zi eY©bv †_‡K Av‡iv
AÜKviv‪Qb′ KzwU‡ii cïgq eY©bvPq ZviB Bw½Z enb K‡iwQj|
iv‡pi evMw` †kªwY A‡bKvsk Ry‡o Av‡Q weavq cybtcyb ïKi‡kªYxi K_v Av‡Q
MíwU‡Z| gymwjg‡ì Kv‡Q PZz®ú` cÖvYxi g‡a¨ ïKi †ewk iK‡g K‡Vvi ms¯‥v‡i wbwl×|
D‪Pe‡Y©i wn‱`yivI GwU‡K Gwo‡q P‡j| cvðv‡Z¨ wK‰‧ GB cÖvYxwU Lv`¨ I †cvl¨ wn‡m‡e cig
wcÖq| Z‡e †mLvbKvi ïKz‡iiv Awaevmx‡ì g‡ZvB cÖavbZ †k¦Z I A‡c¶vK„Z my‱ì| g‡b
nq eY©ev`x `„wó GB wbixn cÖvYwUi Ici c‡o‡Q| GQvov Avi hyw³ Kx n‡Z cv‡i? gv‡V-e‡b
P‡i †eov‡bv †Kvb cÖvYxB-ev †bvsiv Gwo‡q Pj‡Z cv‡i? Avi gvsmgvÎB †Zv Kg‡ewk
¶wZKi| m¤¢eZ Pvlev‡m †mfv‡e Kv‡R bv-jvM‡Z cviv GB cÖvYxwUi me‡P‡q e‡ov Aciva|
Avi K‡e †Kvb Kvj †_‡K †hb K…òe‡Y©i †gnbwZ (†gnbwZ gv‡ÎB Kv‡jv ev Kvj‡PÑeskMZ
wKsev e„wËMZ Kvi‡YB n‡q _v‡K) gvby‡li GKwU †kªwY mngwg©Zvq G‡K Avcb K‡i wb‡q‡Q|
wK‰‧ Ams¯‥…Z GB mgv‡R mngwg©ZviI mxgvUvI Acwimi Avi cÖKvkUvI A ¢yZ| †`Lyb
ÔïKih‡ÁiÕ eY©bv :
Giƒc mg‡q †Kv‡bv GKwU ïKi DrKU wPrKvi KiwQj, †mwU‡K wcwU‡q
wcwU‡q ea Kiv nw‪Qj| GB `„‡k¨ Av‡`․ Ki Yvi D‡`ªK nq bvÑeis
329
nZ¨vK‡g© nvZ jvwM‡q AwZ`ª Z Kg©mgvavi evmbv Rv‡M| cïwUi Pvi‡U cv
GK‡Î euvavÑZv‡K wPr K‡i ïB‡q AvKvk †`Lv‡bv nq| ewjô †WvgwU
GKvw`µ‡g jvwV PvjvqÑZvi Kcv‡j Nvg, †`‡n Avi ej †bBÑ†m g‡a¨ g‡a¨
ïK‡ii gy‡L gyL †i‡L RwoZ D‪PK‡É eyKdvUv Mvb MvqÑD‡i, †`‡K †j
Rb‡gi g‡Zv, Bevi Zz we`¨vk Rvwe M| ïKiwU GB Mv‡b PzcÑci¶‡YB jvwV
Pj‡j AvKvk Kuvwc‡q wPrKvi Rgvq|
GB ïKi `xN© wØcÖni ch©‰‭ Lyb n‡Z _vK‡eÑZv‡K †gv¶g AvNvZ †KD K‡i
bv, †m webv evavq PZz®úv‡k¦© biK iUv‡Z _v‡K| Zvi wPrKvi MuvK MuvK, KUz,
Akøxj; cvwL¸‡jv m‰¿¯‭ n‡q D‡o hvq| wPrKvi †Lvjvgv‡V Qovq|
Gev‡i †kl NUbv¯ j †gjvi gvV hvIqv hvK| †mLvbKvi `k©bxq e¯‧ivwki g‡a¨ bvbv f~wgKvq
cïi h‡_ó Dcw¯ wZ| ÔRv`yi ZveyÑmsw¶ß wPwoqvLvbvÕ BZ¨vw` wgwj‡q †gjv RgRgvU nq|
†m ¯ vbwU Av‡M GKUz †`wL :
GBLv‡b wKQyB N‡U bvÑKviY mg¯‭ wKQyB wewPÎfv‡e Aev¯‭eÑRv`yK‡ii wK¤¢yZ
†cvkvKÑD³ Aev¯‭e cÖvYxwUi Pzb w`‡q AuvKv †PvL, †m Zvi kxY© nvZ k~‡b¨ †`vjvq| GLb
`ycy‡ii w`‡K mvK©v‡mi Zuvey †MvUv‡bv-iƒcK_vi †NvovwU †hwU Zv‡ii Dci w`‡q hvq, AvKv‡k
A`„k¨ nq †mB †Nvov, Zvi wkqv‡ji g‡Zv iO, wcQ‡bi GKwU cv †LuvovÑ†mwU GLb Nv‡mi
bv‡g †cvovgvwU wPwe‡q LvqÑ†h fqs¼i k¦vc` eyK dzwj‡q AvKvk dvwU‡q MR©b K‡i †mwU
GLb Avcb LuvPvi g‡a¨ Amy¯  †eovjer Ny‡gvq, Zvi †Pv‡L wcuPzwU I Aemv`ÑGB mewKQy
SKS‡K kv`v †iv‡` wb`vi Y Aev¯‭e| RbMY ïayB †gjvi c_ cwiµgY K‡i Quy‡Pvi g‡ZvÑ
Ny‡i Ny‡i Zv‡ì nuvUz dz‡j hvqÑ†PvL i³eY© aviY K‡i| GLv‡b RjB-ev
†Kv_vqÑ†`vKvb`viMY wbR wbR †`vKv‡b e‡m †Xv‡j...ïay gvwQ‡ìB Avb‱`Ñgqiv‡ì evû‡Z
e¨_v a‡i hvq, Zviv ivMekZ gvwQ‡ì L‪Pi e‡j _v‡K|
†gjvq Pig wb`©qZvi m‡½ cïewj †`qv nq| cuvVv¸‡jv‡K w`wNi R‡j Qy‡o †Ìqv
nq, KvwQ Zv‡ì †U‡b †Zv‡j, Zviv g‡b K‡i †eu‡P M¨v‡jv, ÔZLywb cUvcU k‡ã cuvVvi mvg‡bi
V¨vs`ywU †f‡OÕ †djv nq| Gfv‡e wms‡ni g‡Zv Nv‡o †jvgAjv cuvVv G‡Ki GK ewj n‡q
hvq| DMÖ¶wÎ‡qi g‡Zv †h †jvKmKj †m¸‡jv Nv‡o Zz‡j †bq Zv‡ì wcV i‡³ wf‡R hvq|
Ab′c~Y©v gv‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ me‡P‡q mgv‡iv‡n †h cÖvYxwU wb‡e`b Kiv nq Zv nj gwnl|
G-R‡b¨ DuPz¯ v‡b weivU h~cKvô ¯ vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| gaïRbx‡Z GB ewj`v‡bi jM′| †jLK
†m-mg‡qi Db¥v`K cwiw¯ wZi K_v Rvbv‡‪Qb :
gwnlwU‡K AK¯§vr †`Lv hvqÑgvby‡li e„Ë †f‡O wfZ‡i Av‡mÑRxewU BwZg‡a¨B
wbR©xe, Rbbxi bRi †j‡M‡Q,Ñ gwnl mk‡ã g~ÎZ¨vM K‡i, h~cKvô †Kgb †f‡m hvq| wK‰‧
D³ cÖvYxi wcQ‡bi cv‡q AuvU †bB, we‡kl, wcQ‡bi evg V¨vs Zzj‡Z †M‡jB _i_wi‡q Kuv‡c,
cðv‡Ïk †Mvgqwjß, gwn‡li Nv‡o †gvUv wkiv `„ó nqÑGB¯ ‡j µgvMZ Me¨N„Z g`©b Kiv
n‡q‡Q KviY GK‡Kv‡c Nvo bvgv‡bv PvBÑAb¨_vq gv‡qi Awfkv‡c mg¯‭B Qv‡iLv‡i hv‡e|
†Kv‡bv A`„k¨ BswM‡Z XvK‡Xvj _v‡gÑH ¯ v‡b kãnxbZvI w¯ i, c~Rv_©xmKj Ava¨vwZ¥KZvq
cÖ¯‭ig~wZ©i, wRNvsmv I kqZvwb gyLgÊ‡ji †iLvmg~‡n mh‡Z′ iw¶Z i‡q‡Q| wb`ªve‡k Xyj Xyj
i M′ gvbylwU GZ¶‡Y g‡Â Avwef©~Z nq| GB e¨w³i n‡¯‭ wekvj LoM †m †hb fvien‡b
A¶g, Zvi P¶zØq eyu‡R Av‡m, Zvi ïK‡bv wnO¸jeY©, Zvi †KvgiwU Giƒc j¨vKc¨vK †hb-ev
330
nVvrB gU k‡ã †f‡O co‡e| †m GKwU cv‡k nv‡Zi Lo‡M Avcb †`nfvi AskZ i¶v K‡i
ùvov‡j ejevb wKQy wKQy †Mi¯ evey gwnlwU‡K h~cKv‡ô †Rv‡ZÑZvi mvg‡bi cv mvgvb¨
gvwUQvov nq, GKviY H c~Rv¯ ‡j gwnlwU †hb k~‡b¨ jUKv‡bv Av‡Q Giƒc cÖZxqgvb nq|
gwn‡li gyÊy a‡i Ggb Uvb c‡o †h Zvi Nvo j¤^v GK‡MvQv `woi g‡ZvÑïayB iev‡ii g‡Zv
ev‡o| GBiƒc msK‡Ui Kv‡j gvbyl¨mKj i³gyLxÑ†fèwg i³Ñm~h© msw¶ß `~i‡Z¡ ÑR¡‡j
R¡‡j hvq K¡ovK¡o K¡ovK¡o k‡ã bviKxq XvK BZ¨vw` ev‡RÑgv gv a″wb‡Z w`M‰‭mKj
cÖKw¤úZ n‡qwQjÑwekvj LoMwU g‰¿e‡jB D‡V Awbevh© MwZ‡Z wb‡P bv‡g|
Rbbxi bRi jvMvi ciciB gwn‡li g~ÎZ¨vM K‡i h~cKvô fvmv‡bv Avi KvivMv‡ii
g‡Zv cÖvPxi‡ewóZ gw‱`‡i ÔcÖvqk †LuwK KzKzi Abb¨c~e© c‰ vq A‱`‡i cÖ‡ekc~e©K †`D‡ji Mv‡q
g~ÎZ¨vM KÕ‡i _v‡KÕÑGiKg Z_¨ w`‡q †jLK a‡g©i AmviZvi Bw½Z w`‡q‡Qb|
GB cï-AvKxY© mgv‡Ri fvlvqI RxeR‰‧i ¯ vb i‡q‡Q| †gjvq-gÊ‡c evMw`‡ì
Abycw¯ wZ †`‡L gymjgvb K…lK g‰‭v‡Ri m‡‱`n nq| A‡bK c‡i MvqK g‡bvni‡K †c‡q †m
cÖk′ev‡Y RR©wiZ K‡i †Zv‡j| GK-`yÕK_vq NÈveveyi nZ¨vq Zvi †hvM AuvP K‡i †d‡j Ges
e‡j, ÔAqÑgbv, Zz‡K wVK wejyB wejyB jvM‡QÑBu`yi †L‡q wejyB †Muvd Pv‡U, jq?Õ g‡bvniI
GKch©v‡q ¯^xKvi K‡i e‡j, Ôgvbyl KzKzi nj‡QÑwm gvbyl gvi‡j KzKzi g‡i|Õ Avi eveyivI †Zv
mn‡RB wn‡me K‡i ey‡S †d‡j NÈvi nZ¨vKvix †K ev Kviv? cÖwZwnsmvcivqY eveyiv
evMw`cvovq Av¸b w`‡j evMwìv mZ¨ mZ¨B ey‡bv n‡q I‡V, `v` †bqvi WvK †`q †KD
GKRb| †mB Avn″v‡b mvov †`q gymjgvb K…lK g‰‭vRI| Avi ZLb nvwZwU wbq‰¿‡Y _v‡K
bv, gvûZ‡K `~‡i †d‡j, wkKj wQ‡o DÏvg bvP‡Z _v‡K|
Gfv‡e Mi  K…wlms¯‥…wZi aviK Pvwlmgv‡Ri, ïKi mgv‡Ri †gnbwZ A_P bxP‡kªYxi,
QvMj-gwnl me©Kv‡ji ag©eëmvqxi Ges nvwZ wejvmx weËevb mvg‰‭ †kªwYi †Uv‡Ug wn‡m‡e
GB M‡í eëüZ n‡q †kvlY-eÂbvi BwZnvm Zz‡j a‡i‡Q, WvK w`‡q‡Q AvMvgxi Awbevh©
msMÖv‡g HKë× nIqvi|
MÖvg‡Kw‱`ªK GB QwewU †`Lvi ci Avgiv †h MíwU GB Av‡jvPbvi †k‡l co‡Z hvw‪Q,
†mwU †ek ¶z`ªKvq| ÔA‰‭M©Z welv`Õ (ÔAvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQÕ) bvgxq MíwUi wewkóZv
nj, GwU kn‡ii cUf~wg‡Z iwPZ, †hLv‡b cjøxi Zzjbvq cïi msL¨v I f~wgKv Kg| GQvov
MíwUi †K‱`ªxq PwiÎ wbg′ga¨weË‡kªYxi cÖwZwbwa| †m wQj GK ¯^í †eZbfyK Kg©Pvix| Zvi
bvg D‡jøwLZ nqwb, †m ïayB GKUv †jvK| †jvKUv cÖwZw`b ÔAwd‡mi †Kv‡Yi GKUv †Uwe‡jÕ
ÔBu`y‡ii gZ R‡ovm‡ovÕ n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e AvR Zvi †ek mKv‡jB Nyg †f‡O‡Q| Ô†gvi‡Mi
WvKÕ †kvbv hv‡‪Q, ÔKvKUv Kvwb©‡k G‡m e‡m‡QÕ| GB †fv‡i †m GKUz nuvU‡Z †eov‡bvi wm×v‰‭
wbj| Awdmevwo, †`vKvbcvU, AvZvMvQ BZ¨vwì mv‡_ mv‡_ ùvoKvK, kvwjL, PovB‡ì cvk
†K‡U G‡m c‡o GKUv †QvU gv‡V| †mLv‡b †KD †`L‡Q bv eyS‡Z †c‡i BZ¯‭Z †`․‡oI †bq|
GB my‱ì mKvj Avi †QvÆ gv‡V GgbB Zb¥q n‡q c‡o †h ÔZvi AvKvk eo n‡Z n‡Z nvwi‡q
†Mj †kl ch©‰‭Õ| hLb ÔIi g‡bi g‡a¨ wQjv‡Quov aby‡Ki gZ D¾¡j nwi‡Yiv †Lj‡QÕ, ZLbB
Kvi †hb ÔkvmvwbÕ‡Z †jvKUvi Ôa¨vb¯ Õ Ae¯ v Kv‡U| kvmvwb ej‡Z †cQb †_‡K †cÖ․p DwKj
mv‡ne e‡j, ÔGB †h wK LeiÑ wK n‡‪Q GLv‡b GüvÕ| DwKj mv‡n‡ei GB mvaviY
KzkjwRÁvmv‡ZB Ô†box KzKz‡ii gZ †jvKUv µ‡gB wb‡Ri g‡a¨ †muwa‡q †h‡Z jvMjÕ| Z‡e
GB cwiw¯ wZ †_‡K †jvKUvi `ª ZB gyw³ †g‡j| †`Lv †Mj, ÔwkK‡j euvav wekvj G¨vj‡mwkqvb
w¯ i n‡q ùvov‡Z †`q bv f`ª‡jvK‡KÑUjgj Ki‡Qb wZwb|Õ ZvB cÖvZtåg‡Yi fv‡jvZ¡ †NvlYv
331
K‡i e‡j ÔmKv‡j bv †eov‡j Avgvi KzKziUviI wL‡` nq bvÕÑmij g‡b GB K_v e‡j KzKz‡ii
Uv‡b †f‡m †M‡jb wZwb|Õ DwKj e¨w³wU K_vUv wK mwZ¨B mijfv‡e e‡jwQj? cÖvZtåg‡Yi
gva¨g w`‡q wK KzKzi I †jvKUvi Zzjbv K‡iwQj? †mUv wbðq K‡i Avgiv ej‡Z cviwQ bv,
Z‡e Avgv‡ì GB Kg©Pvix Ô†jvKÕgvÎ Avi DwKj Ômv‡neÕ Ges Ôf`ª‡jvKÕ GB we‡klYhy³
eY©bvq GKUv Zzjbv wbwðZfv‡eB cvB Avgiv| Avi cvB GBme mv‡ne f`ª‡jv‡Ki
A‰‭tmviZvi cÖgvY, nvmvb hLb Rvbv‡jb, ÔKzKz‡ii Uv‡b †f‡m †M‡jb wZwb|Õ
Ggwbfv‡e nvmv‡bi Mí c‡o AveviI Avgiv Dcjwä Kwi, gvbyl cvwLi g‡Zv ew‱`,
gvbyl cvwLi g‡Zv ¯^vaxbZv Pvq| A‡bK gvbyl wbwe©l mv‡ci g‡Zv, wKQy †hb welai mvc|
A‡bK gvbyl cZ‡½i g‡Zv ¶z`ª, wKQy gvbyl nvwZi g‡Zv e„nr| gvbyl cïi g‡Zv Rb¥vq, gvbyl
cïi g‡Zv euv‡P, gvbyl cïi g‡Zv gv‡i, gvbyl cïi g‡Zv g‡i| Av‡iv Rvbjvg cï e¨ZxZ
†hgb RxebhvÎv APj, cïwenxb RxebwPÎ Ac~Y©| nvmvb ZvB cï w`‡q gvby‡li QwewU c~Y©Zv
w`‡Z cÖqvmx n‡q‡Qb|
[ †jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| †ckvq: Aa¨vcbv, evsjv, Avgjv miKvwi K‡jR, Kzwóqv| ]
cÖ e Ü
kIKZ Avjxi †QvUM‡í wbg′eM©
wg ë b we k¦v m
MZ Pvi `kK a‡i evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Z¨ kIKZ Avjx (Rb¥ 1936-) wbijmfv‡e Ae`vb
†i‡L P‡j‡Qb| Mí-Dcb¨vm Dfq kvLvq Zuvi `¶Zv Acwimxg| we‡klZ Zuvi †QvUMí
Avgv‡ì †`‡ki Rxeb I mgv‡Ri e¯‧wbô PvjwPÎ| gyw³hy× Zuvi M‡íi GKwU ¸i Z¡c~Y©
welq| Db¥~j evmbv (1968), †jwjnvb mva (1977), ïb †n jwL‱ì (1986), evev Avc‡b
hvb (1994) Zuvi cÖavb MíMÖ‰ mg~n| evsjv GKv‡Wgx mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‥vi (1968), †jLK wkwei
mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‥vi (1978), wdwjcm mvwnZ¨ cyi¯‥vi (1986 I 1992) Ges GKz‡k c`K
(1990) †c‡q‡Qb wZwb| lv‡Ui `k‡K mvgvwRK gvby‡li bewbg©v‡Yi AvKv‫¶‫‬v, †kªwYmsMÖv‡gi
m¤¢vebv I RvZxqZvev`x Av‡‱`vj‡bi D‡b¥l kIKZ Avjxi `„wó‡Z aiv c‡owQj Ges Zv wb‡q
332
wZwb GKvwaK Dcb¨vmI iPbv K‡i‡Qb| cÂvk `k‡Ki cÖ_vMZ †d«‡g Mí iPbv, Rxeb
Ae‡jvK‡bi †¶‡Î †ivgvÝmyjf `„wófw½ cv‡ë wM‡qwQj lvU `k‡K| Aek¨ †evwai bZyb gvÎv
ms‡hvwRZ n‡jI Rxebv‡jv‡Ki †¶‡Î e„nËi MÖvgxY Rxeb G `k‡Ki M‡íi g~j †mªv‡Z engvb
wQj| mxwgZ bMivqb I wkívq‡bi d‡j bvMwiK Rxeb µgweKwkZ nj Ges MÖvgxY Rxe‡b
bM‡ii i wP I mf¨Zvi Zi½ ¯úk© Kij| Ab¨w`‡K Aei × mgvR‡PZbv I RwUjZg mgvR
MVb Ges cvðvZ¨ mvwnZïxwZi Nwbô mvwb′a¨, Avgv‡ì MíKvi‡ì MÖvgxY RxebwPÎ A¼‡b
†mB `„wófw½ cÖ‡qv‡M DØy× Kij| G cwi‡cÖw¶‡Zi g‡a¨ gbbwm× wkíixwZi g‡a¨ RvwZmËvi
msKU iƒcvqY K‡i‡Qb kIKZ Avjx| Aek¨ G mgq AMÖR MíKviiv lv‡Ui `k‡K i³v³
•PZb¨, beD ¢~Z ga¨we‡Ëi AvZ¥A‡‰^lY-AvZ¥we‡kølY, Zv‡ì ivR‣bwZK mxgve×Zv I
AvZ¥wee‡i cjvqbciZvi wPÎ iƒc‡K-cÖZx‡K-ev¯‭‡e Zx¶è FRy fvlvq Dc¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb|
kIKZ Avjxi cÖ_g MíMÖ‰  ÔDb¥~j evmbvÕ m¤ú‡K© ekxi Avj‡njvj e‡j‡Qb- ÔkIKZ
Avjxi (1936) MíMÖ‰  ÔDb¥~j evmbvÕ (1968)| Zv‡Z wKQy wecixZ e¨vcvi †`wL| Zuvi fvlv
I Dc¯ vcbv Lye my‱ì, M‡íi Dc‡hvMx| ¯^‪Q‱`, wK‰‧ mvwnZ¨m¤§Z I †eMevb fvlvq wZwb
cÖavbZ wbg′‡KvwUi gvwU-†Nulv gvby‡li Rxeb-cuvPvjx †kvbvb| GBme gvby‡li MÖvmv‪Qv`‡bi
mgm¨vi k³ wfwËi Ic‡iB Zuvi Kvwnbx ùvo Kiv‡bv _v‡K| AvÂwjK RbRxe‡bi Nwbô
wPÎvewj wZwb Dcnvi †`b| Avgv‡ì †jvK-wkí I †jvKvPv‡i mg„× †`‡ki gvby‡li AvÂwjK
Rxeb‡K wZwb wek¦Rbxb e¨vwß cÖ`vb K‡ib| A_©‣bwZK †kvl‡Yi wbôzi †clY h‡‰¿ †d‡j
GBme gvbyl‡K wKfv‡e †Qveovq cwiYZ Kiv nq Zvi weeiYI Zuvi M‡í _v‡K|Õ(DËivwaKvi,
knx` wèm msL¨v, 1974)
ÔÔDb¥~j evmbvÕÕi Ôiw½bxÕ, Ôdv¸qvi ciÕ, ÔcykbvÕ, ÔZ…Zxq ivwÎÕ, Ô†diZvÕ, ÔweKjv½
wccvmvÕ, ÔWvBbÕ bi-bvixi m¤ú‡K©i Mí| G m¤úK© ùvwo‡q i‡q‡Q RwUj mvgvwRK m¤ú‡K©i
Ici| A_©vr mgvRw¯ Z bi-bvix mvgvwRK AwePvi I A_©‣bwZK †kvl‡Yi mnR wkKv‡i
cwiYZ nq| G‡ì g‡a¨ •jw½K Kvi‡Y wbg′e‡M©i bvix wbg′e‡M©i g‡a¨ wbg′eM©| KviY
Ôcyi lkvwmZ mgv‡R me bvixB GK A‡_© wbg′eM©|Õ weL¨vZ ZvwË¡K MvqÎx PµeZ©x w¯úfvK
GRb¨ e‡j‡Qb : Ô†kªwYwef³ mgv‡R †hLv‡b wbg′e‡M©iB †Kv‡bv BwZnvm †bB Ges Zv‡ì
KÉ¯î kÖ Z nq bv †mLv‡b bvix wbg′eM© wn‡m‡e Av‡ivI A‡bK AÜKvi Qvqvi Mfxi Zj‡`‡k
Ae¯ vb Ki‡Q|Õ mvgvwRKfv‡e D‪Pe‡M©i AvwacZ¨ I cyi ‡li AaxbZvq cvwievwiK Rxeb
wbqw‰¿Z nq| Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î wbg′eM© bvixi ¯^vaxb wePiY j¶ Kiv hvq| g~jZ
cyi ‡li AaxbZvi g‡a¨ †_‡KI Zv‡ì Aw¯‭‡Z¡i wewea Zvrch© Dc¯ vwcZ n‡q‡Q kIKZ
Avjxi wewfb′ M‡í| d‡j wbg′e‡M©i bi-bvixi g‡a¨ m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î m„wó n‡q‡Q eûgvwÎKZv|
†cÖgvbyf~wZ, †h․bZv, Avw`g cÖe„wËi Zvobv, `v¤úZ¨ Rxe‡bi wgjb-wein-we‡‪Q‡ì KvZiZv
m‡e©vcwi mgvR eÜbnxb I kv¯¿vPv‡ii •bwZK mxgv-ewnf©~Z cvi¯úwiK m¤ú‡K©i RwUjZvq
wbg′e‡M©i bi-bvix GK ¯^Z‰¿ mvs¯‥…wZK cwigÊj •Zwi K‡i‡Q| •RweK Rxe‡bi Kvgbv
evmbvi •`wnK Abyf~wZB MíKv‡ii Kv‡Q bvixcyi ‡li cÖavb m¤úK© iƒ‡cB we‡ewPZ n‡q‡Q|
ZvB bibvixi Rxebg~‡j cÖ‡ek K‡i Df‡qi m¤ú‡K©i gayiZg Z‡Ë¡i mÜv‡bi †P‡q
cÖZ¨¶`k©xi gZ Human Naturalism-†KB wZwb cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e wZwb †Kej
Ô•RweK Rxe‡bi Kvgbv-evmbvÕ‡KB cÖvavb¨ †`bwb eis wbg′e‡M©i A_©‣bwZK I mvgvwRK
Ae¯ vb, †kªwYMZ cwiPq ¸i ‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| A_©‣bwZK Ae¯ vb mgvb _vKv
333
m‡Ë¡I GKB e‡M©i bvix-cyi ‡l †RÛvi cv_©K¨ cwijw¶Z n‡q‡Q A‡bK M‡í| Zuvi wbwg©Z cø‡U
cyi l cÖvavb¨ mgv‡R wbæe‡M©i bvixi eÂbv, wbcxob I †h․b †kvlY Zvrch©en n‡q D‡V‡Q|
g~jZ wbg′e‡M©i gvby‡li g‡a¨ bi-bvixi m¤úK© GKwU wewkóZvi †`¨vZK| kIKZ
Avjxi M‡í wbg′e‡M©i bi-bvixi wewPÎgyLx m¤ú‡K©i we¯‭v‡ii g‡a¨ bi-bvixi cÖe„wËMZ
m¤ú‡K©i iƒcwU †ewk `„k¨gvb| KviY Gi ga¨ w`‡q D‡V Av‡m Zv‡ì Rxeb-cÖYvwj I
g~j¨‡ev‡ai GKwU wewkó cÖeYZvi wPÎ| wbg′e‡M©i gvby‡li cwiPq wba©viK GB •ewk‡óï ¯îƒc
mÜvb ZvB Ri wi| Zuvi M‡í wbg′e‡M©i bi-bvixi m¤úK© cÖavbZ `y‡Uv wel‡q †K‱`ªxf~Z|
GKwU bi-bvixi cÖ_vMZ `v¤úZ¨-†cÖg Ges AciwU `v¤úZ¨-ewnf©~Z †cÖg| G`y‡qi g‡a¨
`v¤úZ¨-ewnf©~Z †cÖ‡gi wPÎB AwaK| •RweK Kvgbvi msiv‡M `xß †cÖ‡gi Abyl½ Zuvi A‡bK
M‡íi Aej¤^b|
DËgcyi ‡l iwPZ Ôiw½bxÕi eY©bv I msjvcwbwg©wZ‡Z †jL‡Ki `¶Zv j¶Yxq| Svo‬
`vi b‡Mb`v‡mi ¯¿x iw½bx bwUbxi g‡Zv AvPiY M‡íi cwiYwZmÂvix| Avevi bUei mvnv
Pwi‡Îi gb¯‭vwË¡K D‡b¥vP‡b †QvUMvwíK wkíiƒ‡ci Awfbe‡Z¡ fv¯î Kvwnbx| fvi‡Z cwievi
_vK‡jI bUei evsjv‡`‡k Av‡m †PvivKvievwii Rb¨| g`¨cvb I bvix‡`n Zvi wcÖq|
UªvKWvBfvi wg¯¿x I bUei‡K cÖZviYv K‡i M„‡n G‡b bUe‡ii †`vKvb Pzwi Kwi‡q‡Q wb‡Ri
¯^vgx‡K w`‡q iw½bx| GKw`‡K MÖv‡gi Amr eëmvqx‡ì cwiPq Ab¨w`‡K iw½bxi a~Z©vwg I
Zvi ¯^vgxi †P․h©e„wË Ges bUei‡ì †PvivKvievi me wg‡j GKwU Kv‡ji MÖvgxY Rxeb wPÎ
GwU| Ôdv¸qvi ciÕ M‡í myLjv‡ji Rxeb ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e‭ÔL¨vcv evZv‡mi D‡Vv‡b G‡m
U‡j co‡Z ZL‡bv A‡bK †`wi| gv‡S gv‡S GKUz AvaUz nvIqv †`q, wSiwSi K‡i jvj‡P
wbgcvZv Qwo‡q c‡o D‡Vv‡b| †eovi Mv‡q Szg‡Kv jZvi Svo wQj, GLb cvZvi Nb meyR iO
†Q‡q †bB †eovi Mv, ïay wnwRwewR| KvK bv †KvwKj Wv‡K evwoi myg‡y Li KuvVvj Mv‡Q-
†mw`‡KI Kvi i †Kvb †Lqvj _v‡K bv| D‡Vv‡b Svo‬ co‡Zv wKQyw`b Av‡M| Szg‡Kv jZvi
†Mvovq cvwb †`qv nZ †ivR we‡K‡j, KvKUv Zvi ¯^‡i Kv Kv K‡i Ag½‡ji WvK WvK‡j †KD
nvZ k~‡b¨ Qyu‡o Zvov‡Zv ûmûm, hv| GLb †KD †`‡L bv| myLjvj wS‡gvq †iv‡` e‡m †m|
wcuQywU fiv †PvL Zz‡j †`‡L gv‡S gv‡S| Vvni Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i `~‡ii w`M‡‰‭ wkgyj Mv‡Qi
gv_vq jvj dz‡ji Av¸b R¡‡j D‡V‡Q wKbv| †iv‡` cvZv Lvwj Mv‡q DËvc Abyfe Ki‡Z †Póv
K‡i mwZ¨ mwZ¨ †iv‡ì ZxeªZvUv †e‡o‡Q wK bv| dvêyb Avm‡Z KZ †`wi|Õ G M‡í wbg′eM©
e‡bvqvix, wMwiavix, †Qw`jvj, M½vgqx myLjvj me PwiÎB Rxe‰‭| GLv‡b wbg′e‡M©i bi-bvixi
m¤úK©wU gyL¨| wcZv myLjvj Ges wZb cyÎ e‡bvqvix, wMwiavix I †Qw`jvj ci¯ú‡ii KvQ
†_‡K wew‪Qb′ n‡q †M‡Q cÖej †h․b-Cl©vi Kvi‡Y| wcZv cyÎea~‡K mshZ n‡q Pj‡Z ej‡j
Zv‡Z cyÎ m‡‱`n K‡i wcZv‡K| Lvivc bRi Avbvi Awf‡hvM †Zv‡j| Aci Mí ÔcykbvÕ‡Z
muvIZvj bvixi †cÖg ewY©Z| hyeZx Szwbqvi mgv‡Ri evB‡ii hye‡Ki m‡½ cvwj‡q hvq|
†h․bwkw_jZvi `„óv‰‭ G M‡í `„ó|
ÔweKjv½ wccvmvÕq knivjxi ¯¿x Av‡jKRv‡bi cÖwZ byKz civgvwb‡Ki cÖe„wËi Zvobv
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| byKzi `„wó‡Z ÔfivKjmx Qj‡K DV‡j †hgb cvwb Dc‡Q c‡o †Zgwb g‡b
n‡qwQj †g‡qUv‡K †`‡L| cvnv‡oi ey‡bv AÜKv‡ii gZ Kx †hb _g_g KiwQj †g‡qUvi
Kv‡jv kixi wN‡i|Õ ÔWvBbÕ M‡í weaev myejvi cÖwZ wgw¯¿ we‡bv`Pi‡Yi Avmw³RwbZ NUbv
ci¤úiv ewY©Z| GB we‡bv` nv‡Ui g‡a¨ Kvc‡oi †`vKv‡b SMov euvwa‡q cÖPÊfv‡e cÖüZ I
i³v³ nq| ms¯‥vi, ag©‡kvlY, RvwZ‡kvlY I †kªwY‡kvl‡Yi wei ‡× cÖwZev` D‪PvwiZ n‡q‡Q
334
kIKZ Avjxi M‡í| ag©‡kvlY I †kªwY‡kvl‡Yi wei ‡× e¨w³i †`ªvn Av‡Q ÔDb¥~j evmbvÕi
Ôi‡³ I wkwk‡iÕ Ges Ôiw½bxÕ M‡í|
evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi †f․‡MvwjK c‡U kIKZ Avjxi M‡í wbg′eM© Rxe‰‭ n‡q
D‡V‡Q| wZwb ÔDËie‡½i m„wó Avevi †mB DËie‡½i Rxe‡bi iƒcv‰‭‡ii `ªóv I fvl¨Kvi|Õ
Zuvi M‡í iƒcvwqZ n‡q‡Q MÖv‡gi gvbyl I mgvR| †mB mgv‡Ri †kªwYØ‱Ø, mgvR iƒcv‰‭i|
GKBfv‡e †QvUM‡í †jL‡Ki mgKvj, mgvR I BwZnvm Dc¯ vwcZ n‡q‡Q| ÔKviY, mKj
†QvUMíB wbRKv‡ji Rxeb‣ewPÎ¨‡K A‰‭M©Z mËvq aviY K‡i Zvi cÖvKiwYK ¯^vZ‰¿¨ I
mvd‡jï cwiPq †`q|Õ †QvUM‡í ¯^í cwim‡ii †fZi _v‡K mgMÖ cÖZxwZi mylg HK¨|
evûj¨nxb msnZ MV‡b GKgywL M~p Abyf‡ei cÖKvk nq Awbevh©| kvLvcjøweZ Rxe‡bi
iƒcwbg©vY GLv‡b AevÃbxq| ÔZx¶è `„wó, A‰‭`©„wó I wè¨`„wói mylg H‡K¨ ùwUKvwqZ nq
†QvUMvwíK wkí‡ev‡ai Zb¥q gnvb we‱`ye„Ë, hvi Awfe¨Äbvq fM′ I P~Y© wek¦ n‡q I‡V cÖZxwZ
mgMÖ| mgq-g~j¨vkªqx RxebZi½ cyw®úZ nq AmxgvKv‫¶‫‬vi wPÎK‡í|Õ ÔfM′ I P~Y© wek¦Õ †h
mgMÖZvq Awfe¨³ Zv GKv‰‭B ev¯‭eZv msjM′ n‡q‡Q kIKZ Avjxi M‡í| GB ev¯‭eZv
Ô†`kKv‡ji A‰‭¯  mgvR‣PZ‡bï h_v_© iƒcvqY|Õ wbg′e‡M©i Rxe‡bi ev¯‭eZv Zvi Aw¯‭Z¡
Afxávi m‡½ weRwoZ| Avi Ômgq I mgv‡Ri engvbZvq wbw`©ó Av_© Drcv`b KvVv‡gvjvwjZ
Rb‡Mvôx Aw¯‭‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvRb I Av‡qvR‡bi ga¨ w`‡qB µgweKvk jvf K‡i|Õ kIKZ Avjxi
wbg′eM© GKwU wbw`©ó Av_©-Drcv`b KvVv‡gvi †K‡‱`ª µgweKwkZ n‡q‡Q|
MÖvgxY mgvR I wbg′e‡M©i Rxe‡bi iƒcvq‡Y Abb¨ Ô†jwjnvb mvaÕ| ÔAvi gv Kv‡‱` bvÕ,
ÔbeRvZKÕ, Ô†jwjnvb mvaÕ, Ôfeb`xÕ, ÔbqbZviv †Kv_vq †iÕ cÖf„wZ M‡í D‪PeM© KZ…©K
wbg′e‡M©i Ici KZ…©Z¡ I †kvl‡Yi bvbvb wPÎ cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q| ÔAvi gv Kv‡‱` bvÕ M‡í
gnvR‡bi F‡Y RR©wiZ `wi`ª igRv‡bi Aw¯‭Z¡ msKU ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Zvi gv e¨vwaMÖ¯‭; gvÕi
AvZ©bv` igRv‡bi w`biv‡Zi `ywð‰‭vi Ask| †mB nZvkvi gyn~Z©¸‡jv ewÂZ I †kvwlZ
wbg′e‡M©i ev¯‭e wPÎ wn‡m‡e G MíwU wewkó| ÔbeRvZKÕ M‡íi g‰‭vR Avjx, Ô†jwjnvb mvaÕ-
Gi meì I g‡bvni eg©‡Yi PwiÎvqY, ÔKwcj`vm gygy©i †kl KvRÕ M‡í e„× Kwcj`v‡mi
Rxebwek¦ Abb¨| d¬¨vke¨vK c×wZ‡Z e„‡×i ¯§„wZ weRwoZ NUbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †k‡li
MíwU‡Z| Avwèvmx muvIZvj‡ì HwZn¨, exiZ¡ I †k․h©ex‡h©i BwZnvm i‡q‡Q GLv‡b|
Avengvb evsjvi Avwèvmx Rb‡Mvôx kIKZ Avjxi K_bwe‡k¦ ¯^gwngvq RvMÖZ|
Ôfeb`xÕ M‡í a~Z© nvRx gnvRb I `wi`ª K…l‡Ki m¤úK© †hgb iƒcvwqZ †Zgwb
Ab¨vb¨ gnvRb Pwi‡Îi ¯^v_©me©¯^Zv, m¤úwË‡jvjycZv, †kvlY-kvm‡bi wewPÎ AvPiY Zz‡j aiv
n‡q‡Q| Amnvq `wi`ª Pvwl Dgivwji m‡½ nvRx gnvR‡bi AvPi‡Yi GKwU Ask : ÔnvRx
gnvRb wK‰‧ mg‡e`bv cÖgvY K‡i †`b G‡Kev‡i| GKUzK‡iv KvM‡R cweÎ †`vqv wj‡L
Dgivwji w`‡K evwo‡q e‡jb, †j ev‡n Dgivwj GB †`vqv †Zvi e¨vUvi MvjvZ& ev‡Ü w`m-Avi
AvjøvK WvK ev‡n| GKUz †_‡g Avevi e‡jb, Zzgvi eo gvnvRvb Av‡mvK, gyB K‡n w`gy, UvKv
cvBmvI wKQy cv‡ev|Õ
Gfv‡e kIKZ Avjxi M‡í Mwie K…lK Zv‡ì †eu‡P _vKvi msMÖv‡g AeZxY© n‡q‡Q|
†RvZ`vi I gnvRb‡kªwYi wei ‡× Zv‡ì Ae¯ vb GK A‡_© e¨_© n‡jI mgvRev¯‭eZvq
me©nvivi mvgwMÖK cwiPq G‡Z Av‡Q| wbg′e‡M©i cÖwZw`‡bi msMÖv‡gi BwZnvm ¸i Z¡c~Y©|
†hgb K…l‡Ki cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡bi ev¯‭eZv n‡‪Q Rxeb wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ cwievi I wb‡Ri Avnvi
†RvUvb| Z‡e K…lK Zvi B¾Z ev AvZ¥gh©v`v m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb| GRb¨ †m jovB Ki‡Z
335
cÖ¯‧Z| AvZ¥cwiPq cÖwZôvi Rb¨ jovB f~wg-m¤ú„³| AaxbZvi AwfÁZv †_‡K Zvi †PZbvi
ùziY †`Lv †`q| †MvôxMZ Dcjwä, b„ZvwË¡K cwiPq, AvÂwjKZv I ÁvwZZ¡ Zvi †fZi
†kªwYMZ msnwZi Rb¥ †`q| †kvwlZ wn‡m‡e †m G‡K Ac‡ii m‡½ mw¤§wjZ nq| K…lK
wn‡m‡e, †QvU‡jvK wn‡m‡e, wbg′eM© wn‡m‡e mK‡ji m‡½ HKgZ¨ M‡o I‡V| d‡j †kvlY I
wbcxo‡bi wei ‡× HKë× cÖwZ‡iv‡a D¾xweZ n‡q IVvi cÖwµqvq wbg′e‡M©i Aw¯‭Z¡‡eva
D ¢vwmZ| D‪Pe‡M©i Øviv jvwÃZ AZ¨vPvwiZ wbcxwoZ wbg′e‡M©i gvby‡li Rxeb cÖwZKvi ev
cÖwZev`nxb n‡q memgq P‡j bv| f`ªmgvR Zv‡ì †eqv`we wKsev gv_v DuPz K‡i Pjv †g‡b
wb‡Z bv-cvi‡jI wbt‡kwlZ nq bv Zviv| bxi‡e wbf„‡Z Zv‡ì Kvb′v KLbI cÖwZev‡` gyLi
n‡q I‡V; cÖwZ‡iva Rvbvb †`q †MuvqvZ©zwgi gva¨‡gI| GLv‡b wbg′e‡M©i cÖwZev` cÖwZ‡iva
e¨vL¨vq †Rgm ¯‥‡Ui aviYv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wbg′e‡M©i (we‡klZ K…l‡Ki)
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai ÔcÖvZ¨wnKÕ iƒc wb‡q we¯‭…Z we‡kølY K‡i‡Qb ¯‥U| ¯‥‡Ui e³e¨ Abymv‡i Aaxb
¶gZvnxb †kªwYi ¶gZvkvjx D‪Pe‡M©i wei ‡× cÖvZ¨wnK cÖwZ‡iv‡ai g~j KviY : D‪Pe‡M©i
†kvlY, wb‡R‡ì wbivcËv I Rxebhvc‡bi b~¨bZg Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi cÖ‡Póv| G‡¶‡Î cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
mvaviY A¯¿mg~n n‡‪Q dmj Pzwi, Aeva¨Zv, fvb Kiv, cv gvovb, Kv‡Ri mgq Mí Kiv ev
g‰ i MwZ‡Z KvR Kiv, AÁZvi fvb, wg_¨v K_v ejv ev wg_¨v m¤§wZ cÖ`vb, Acev` †Ìqv,
eqKU, ÷ªvBK, AwM′ms‡hvM Kiv I A‰‭N©vZg~jK Kg©Kv‡ì RwoZ nIqv| kIKZ Avjxi
†QvUM‡í wbg′e‡M©i G-ai‡bi Kvh©Kjv‡ci ARmª ¯^v¶i cvIqv hvq| ÔbeRvZKÕ M‡í †QvU
gnvR‡bi wnsmª AvPi‡Yi wei ‡× g‰‭vR Avjx we‡`ªvn K‡i; Ô†jwjnvb mvaÕ-G g‡bvni eg©Y I
mi`vi Avjx iv‡M AwM′kg©v n‡q I‡V Ges †RvZ`vi mvjvg †P․ayixi ¯‭‚cxK…Z av‡bi Mv`vq
Av¸b w`‡q cÖwZ‡iv‡ai ÔcÖvZ¨wnKÕ iƒc cÖKvk K‡i| †jL‡Ki eY©bvq g‰‭v‡Ri †PZbv
D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q- ÔH kã ïb‡Z ïb‡Z, Av¸‡bi wkLv †`L‡Z †`L‡Z Avevi K_v D‡V Av‡m
g‰‭vR Avjxi gy‡L| Gevi g‡bvni `v‡mi Mv‡bi K_v P‡j Av‡m| avb wb‡q Avwaqvi wKlvY
†h jovB K‡iwQj †mB jovB‡qi K_v ïi  n‡q hvq| gnvRb †mw`bI Ggwb K‡iB †g‡iwQj|
gnvRbiv wPiKvj Ggwb K‡i gv‡i|Õ ÔbqbZviv †Kv_vq †iÕ MÖvgxY Rxeb-†Kw‱`ªK Mí|
DËif~‡gi K…wl-A_©bxwZ I mgv‡Ri MVb-•ewkó¨ †_‡K †`Lv hvq AbMÖmi A_©bxwZ‡Z
`vwi`ª¨ I cðvrc` MÖvgxY mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ †_‡K kIKZ Avjx Zuuvi M‡íi DcKiY msMÖn
K‡i‡Qb| Gw`K w`‡q wZwb Zuvi wb‡Ri MÖvg¨mgv‡R wbg′eM© gvby‡li ¸i Z¡‡K ¯^xK…wZ
w`‡q‡Qb| GRb¨ †jL‡Ki m„wói AwaKvsk Ry‡o Av‡Q Zuvi mgv‡Ri Avf¨‰‭ixY Ø‱Ø-msNvZ
Ges IB mgv‡Ri wewfb′ As‡ki bibvix I Zv‡ì myL-`ytL fiv Rxeb| AwfÁZvi fvÊvi
†_‡K wZwb mvwn‡Zï Míim AvniY K‡i‡Qb| MÖvgv‰‭‡ii Pvwl, Avwèvmx cÖf„wZ RbRvwZi
AvPvi-eënvi †hgb †`‡L‡Qb †Zgwb †`‡ki gvby‡li `vwi`ª¨, gnvgvix‡Z mvaviY gvby‡li Kó,
AmnvqZ¡ I K…ZÁZv cÖKv‡ki bvbv †K․k‡ji m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡q‡Qb| Zuvi cwiwPZ RMr †_‡K
m„ó NUbv I PwiÎ ev¯‭evbyM I cÖvYmÂvix|
MíKv‡ii cwjøRxe‡bi AwfÁZvq MÖvgxY mgvReë¯ vi cwieZ©b, cvwK¯‭vb I
cieZ©x‡Z ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZi m~‡Î wkí-KviLvbvi AbycÖ‡e‡k MÖv‡gi Rxebavivi
iƒcv‰‭i, †Mvôxe× gvby‡li Aw¯‭Z¡ msMÖvg I msiv‡Mi g‡a¨ ü`qe„wËi wPÎgvjv Zuvi M‡íi
welq wn‡m‡e Dc¯ vwcZ| wZwb †Mvôxgvby‡li mgvR, A_©bxwZ I †kªwYØ‱Ø‡K ¸i Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb|
Avevi †kªwYi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e e¨w³i g~j¨vq‡b Av_©mvgvwRK ivR‣bwZK †cÖ¶vcU wePvi-
we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb| MÖvg gv‡Ri Rxebavivi g‡a¨ †`‡L‡Qb †K․g ev Avwèvmx mgv‡Ri wek¦vm
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AvPvi I gvbeZv| Ab¨w`‡K cÖvw‰‭K mgv‡Ri gvby‡li g‡a¨ mvgvwRK Aciv‡ai gg©mZ¨‡K
D‡b¥vPb K‡i‡Qb wZwb| MÖv‡gi `vwi`ª¨ I Kzms¯‥v‡ii huvZvK‡j wcó wbg′e‡M©i gvby‡li hvhvei
Rxeb, wewfb′ ag©g‡Zi hyMcr Ae¯ vb, ewÂZ AZ¨vPvwiZ gvby‡li Avw`g •RecÖe„wË, cÖPwjZ
mvgvwRK g~j¨‡ev‡a Zv‡ì Abv¯ v, mgv‡Ri D‪P‡KvwUi gvby‡li A‰‭tmvik~b¨Zvi wecix‡Z
wbg′e‡M©i weï× cÖvYa‡g©i ¯^xK…wZ A‡gvN I Aåv‰‭ n‡q D‡V‡Q Zuvi M‡í|
MíKvi Ôïb †n jwL‱`‡iÕi wbg′eM© gvby‡li †kvlY, eÂbv, Aw¯‭Z¡ msKU, gnvRb-
†RvZ`vi †kªwYi `vcU Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb h_vµ‡g ÔA‡PbvÕ, Ô†mvRv iv¯‭vÕ, ÔAÜKv‡ii MvbÕ, Ô`yB
MRyqvÕ, Ôwe`vq †` gvÕ, Ôïb †n jwL‱ìÕ M‡í| Gme M‡í wbg′e‡M©i cÖwZev`-cÖwZ‡ivaI
D‪PwKZ| MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi cUf~wg‡Z Gme wbg′e‡M©i cÖwZ mvgvwRK •el‡gï g~j Drm
AbymÜvb K‡i‡Qb †jLK| †RvZ`vi, gnvRb, f~¯^vgx I mvg‰‭cÖfy‡ì msNe× †kvl‡Yi
wei ‡× me©nviv gvby‡li KÉ¯î kÖ Z n‡q‡Q A‡bK M‡í| KL‡bv Zviv GKvKx Avevi KL‡bv
ev †h․_fv‡e D‪Pe‡M©i ¶gZvi †K‱`ª‡K P¨v‡jÄ Rvwb‡q‡Q| ÔAÜKv‡ii MvbÕ M‡í gnvR‡bi
wbg©gZvi wei ‡× KwmgDwÏb I byievbyi cÖwZev` e¨w³K| Ab¨w`‡K Ô†mvRv iv¯‭vÕ M‡í
MÖvgevmx kªwgK †RvZ`vi-gnvRb‡ì wf‡UgvwUi Dci w`‡q iv¯‭v •Zwi K‡i †KejgvÎ
msNkw³i †Rv‡i| ÔWvwKbxÕi Djw½bx bvixwU †bKei wgqvi _vev †_‡K cvwj‡q †eu‡P‡Q H
KvgyK e¨w³‡K Kvg‡o i³v³ K‡i| Ô†g‡q gvbylwUi `ynv‡Z i³, Zvi nuvcv‡bv wR‡f, †Vuv‡U,
ey‡K, UKU‡K ZvRv, ïay i³ Avi i³| H `„‡k¨ Kx wQj †K Rv‡b, gvbyl KÕRbv Mjv w`‡q
†Kv‡bv ¯î evi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi Zv‡Z Djw½bx †mB †g‡q gvbyl mevB‡K †V‡j †ewi‡q
Av‡m iv¯‭vq Ges iv¯‭v cvi n‡q †hLv‡b Qvqv, †hLv‡b AÜKvi, †hLv‡b Avw`g wnsmª ¶zav
Aw¯ i n‡q cvk wdi‡Q †mBw`‡K P‡j hvq|Õ Ôwe`vq †` gvÕ M‡í †Rv‡jLv KZ…©K Zvi ¯^vgxi
cÖwZ AZxZ KxwZ©i cÖwZ‡kva ewY©Z| eb¨vi ci AvKv‡ji mgq †Rv‡jLv gnvR‡bi Øviv jvwÃZ
nq| c‡i †mB gnvRb g‡ni †P․ayix Zv‡K weevn K‡i| Avi GK So, `y‡h©vM I AÜKv‡i
Uv½‡bi cvwb‡Z wbg¾gvb ¯^vgx‡K euvPv‡bvi †Póvi cwie‡Z© †h wP‰‭v Zvi †fZi gyL¨ n‡q I‡V
Zv wb‡Ri eÂbvi BwZnv‡mi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z h_v_©| Ôevbfvmv Uv½b b`x‡Z wbqwgZ muvZiv‡bv
†Rv‡jLv eyS‡Z cv‡i, Zvi ¯^vgxi cv‡q kvwoi GKvsk Rwo‡q wM‡q‡Q| Ges Ab¨ Ask Zxeª
†mªv‡Z †U‡b wb‡q hv‡‪Q Zv‡K| †m Rv‡b, GBiKg wec` n‡j Kx Ki‡Z nq| mwLbvi GKevi
Ggwb wec` n‡qwQj bv? †m wb‡R‡K ïavq Avi nvwm cvq Zvi| gnvRb, Zvi ¯^vgx, wK iKg
nveyWey y Lv‡‪Qb †`‡Lv| †gvi Dc‡i K‡b gqv Kwim GKevi GB K_v Zvi g‡b c‡o, Avevi
gnvRb †gvi Dci K‡b `qv K‡ib Zvi GB K_v g‡b c‡o| ev‡bi ci Kx AvKvj †mevi|
nvq †i!Õ
Avwèvmx muvIZvj Rb‡Mvôxi †kvlY I eÂbvi DcvL¨vb ÔÔïb †n jwL‱`‡iÕÕi bvgMí
Ôïb †n jwL‱ìÕ| GLv‡b Abym„Z n‡q‡Q gbmvg½‡ji Puv`mI`vM‡ii Kvwnbx I †eûjv-
jwL‱`‡ii †jvKwg_| muvIZvj PwiÎ ¸cxbv_ wbg′‡KvwU gvby‡li †èx gbmv ev welnwii
Abyiƒc| Ab¨w`‡K a~Z© gnvRb j²xKv‰‭ jwL‱`‡ii g‡ZvB myiw¶Z M„‡ni evwm‱`v| `wi`ª
muvIZvj Rb‡Mvôx j²xKv‰‭ KZ…©K jvwÃZ, †kvwlZ, ewÂZ wK‰‧ H gnvR‡bi Mw` Ujv‡Z
A¶g| ¸cxbv_ hLb wb‡R‡K welnwii m‰‭vb wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i ZLb Zvi †kªwYMZ
Ae¯ vb I h‰¿Yvi wPÎwU AviI ¯úó nq| Ônvwg welnwii m‰‭vb, welnwi gvqx †hgb `ywbqvi
cvc-Zvc R¡vjv-hvZbvi wel wb‡Ri wfZi a‡i iv‡L Avi wb‡R wb‡R R¡‡j, nvgviI Agb|
nvwgI wel a‡i ivwL Avi R¡wj|Õ kIKZ Avjxi A‡bK Dcb¨v‡m evgc‰ x ivRbxwZi ZË¡K_v
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PwiÎK_vq cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| †kªwYØ‱Ø I †kªwY‡PZbv `w¶Yvq‡bi w`b (1985), Kzjvq Kvj‡mªvZ
(1986), c~e©ivwÎ c~e©w`b (1986) GB Îqx Dcb¨v‡m wjwce× n‡q‡Q| †Zgwb †QvUM‡íI|
†kªwY‡PZbv iƒcvwqZ ¸cxbv‡_i msjv‡c : ÔB †Zvi gvbyl Avi †ÌZvi bvpvB b‡n evey gmq-B
nBj Mwie Avi abxi bvovB| †hgb nvwg welnwii m‰‭vb, nvgvi evwo bvB, Ni bvB, Rwg bvB,
wRivZ bvB Avi ZzB nB‡jv abx Pv‡‱`v m`vN‡ii m‰‭vb| †Zvi me Av‡Q| wn‡me K‡i †`L
evey gmq, K_vUv nvgvi wVK wK bv|Õ wbg′eM© ¸cxbv_ muvIZvj I D‪PeM© j²xKv‰‭ gnvRb
ci¯ú‡ii AvPvi-AvPiY GB †kªwY‡PZbvi †gvo‡K D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q|
kIKZ Avjx BwZnv‡mi †PZbvcÖevn wb‡q Dcb¨vm wj‡L‡Qb ÔcÖ‡`v‡l cÖvK…ZRbÕ|
BwZnv‡mi g‡bvgq web¨vm, BwZnv‡mi Aw¯ K‡ivwUi Z_¨ †_‡K Hk¦h© AvniY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb
e‡j‡Qb, Ô71-Gi kÎ KewjZ I Avµv‰‭ evsjv‡`kB nj H †jLvwUi †cÖiYv Ges GKBm‡½
cÖZ¨¶ I ev¯‭e Dcv`vb|Õ HwZnvwmK ev¯‭eZv Gfv‡e cv‡ë †M‡Q Zuvi nv‡Z| †QvUM‡íi
†¶‡Î GKB Ae¯ v| gyw³hy× Zuvi M‡íi Ab¨Zg Abyl½| ÔÔ†jwjnvb mv‡aÕÕi Ô†Kv_vq Avgvi
fvjevmvÕ M‡í gyw³hy‡× AskMÖnYKvix wbi ‡Ïk gvngy‡ì Av‡Mi †cÖwgKvB DËgcyi ‡l Kvwnbx
e‡j‡Q| M‡íi †fZ‡i myZxeª gg©‡e`bv I me©e¨vß welY′Zv d¬¨vke¨vK c×wZ‡Z D`&NvwUZ
n‡q‡Q| Ôcybe©vi †eq‡bUÕ-G hy‡×i cÖ_g w`‡K cvwK¯‭vwbiv GKwU cwiev‡ii mKj‡K nZ¨v
K‡i‡Q Avi †mB `„k¨ †`‡L †mB cwiev‡ii hyeK n‡q D‡V‡Q gyw³‡hv×v| hy‡×i mgq
mn‡hv×v‡ì cvwK¯‭vwb K¨v¤ú †_‡K D×vi Ki‡Z wM‡q cÖwZ‡kva wb‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj †m|
†eq‡b‡Ui †LuvRvi DËi †eq‡bU w`‡q w`‡qwQj| kIKZ Avjx gvby‡li f~LÊ I Rxe‡bi Av‰‭
wiK iƒcKvi| Zuvi PwiÎ¸‡jv HwZnvwmK bq eis †`‡ki MÖvgxY wbg′e‡M©i Kzu‡o N‡ii K_vKvi
wZwb hv BwZnv‡mi mgq-mZ¨ aviY K‡i weKwkZ| Avevi Zuvi M‡íi welqe¯‧ ev¯‭eZv gyL¨
nIqvq wZwb bZzb; cÖ_vbyMZ c‡_ nuv‡Ubwb| eis cÖ_v †f‡O Pwi‡Îi cwim‡i e¨vß K‡i‡Qb
wb‡R‡K| GgbwK M‡íi cÖ‡qvR‡b wZwb ms¯‥…Z k‡ãi AevwiZ eënvi K‡i‡Qb|
ÔDb¥~j evmbvÕi fvlv wQj Av‡e‡M wm³, MxZgq| bi-bvixi †cÖg I †h․bZv wjwce×
Kivi Rb¨ hv wQj Awbevh©| Z‡e ÔÔ†jwjnvb mv‡aÕÕ Mí eqv‡b wZwb ¯^Z‰¿; Av‡Mi †P‡q
mZK©| fvlvq mshy³ n‡q‡Q cÖZxK, ms‡KZ I wPÎK‡íi `y¨wZ| e¨w³i g‡bvRM‡Zi K_v
D‡b¥vP‡b NUbv‡K cUf~wgi m‡½ GKvZ¥ K‡i‡Qb| wPÎKígq M‡`ï `„óv‰‭ wbg′iƒc :
ÔAÜKvi Pviw`‡K •_-•_ K‡i| g‡b nq evZv‡m AÜKviUv cvK Lv‡‪Q dzj‡Q Avi
Pviw`‡K †Kgb Qwo‡q hv‡‪Q| DË‡i †`‡Lv, `w¶‡Y †`‡Lv, Avmgv‡b ZvKvI ïay Kv‡jv|
†_‡K †_‡K Kv‡jv †g‡Ni wcÊ¸‡jv GKw`K †_‡K Mwo‡q hv‡‪Q Av‡iKw`‡K| VvÊv nvIqvi
SvcUv G‡m kixi Kuvwc‡q w`‡‪Q| kixi Kuv‡c, wK‰‧ Ryovq bv| AÜKv‡ii bx‡P, D_vj cv_vj
evZv‡mi A‡bK Avov‡j, e‡q-Avmv VvÊv S‡ov evZvm †hLv‡b Qyu‡Z cv‡i bv, †mLv‡b †Kv_vq
†hb Av¸b R¡j‡Q wbwkw`b| R¡j‡Q ïay| evZvm †gvPo Lvq QyU‡Z QyU‡Z, Avmgvb †Muv †Muv
K‡i I‡V ivMx Rv‡bvqv‡ii g‡Zv, Zey R¡‡j †mB bx‡Pi †Kv_vq| wVK aiv hvq bv| Zey R¡‡j,
wbwkw`b wawKwawK R¡‡j|Õ (Avi gv Kv‡‱` bv) MíKv‡ii fvlvq Lye KgB Aj¼vi j¶ Kiv
hvq| gvbe-Rxe‡bi Mnx‡b cÖ‡e‡ki Rb¨ Zvi HKvw‰‭KZv Gi cÖavb KviY| Z‡e my‱ì wKQy
Dcgv i‡q‡Q| K‡qKwU `„óv‰‭ : K) Iw`‡K Avevi Kzqvkvi bx‡P cvKv avb ï‡q Av‡Q hyeZx
†g‡qi g‡Zv| (Kwcj `vk gygy©i †kl KvR) L) Kzqvkvi g‡a¨ Abv_ wkïi g‡Zv ï‡q _v‡K
AÜKvi| (†jwjnvb mva)
338
kIKZ Avjxi Mí wbg′eM© gvby‡li Rxebfvl¨| mgv‡Ri ¶gZv‡K‱`ª †_‡K `~‡i
emevmKvix Amnvq `wi`ª Rb‡Mvôx Zuvi Kvwnbxi g~j cvÎ-cvÎx| Avevi Zviv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
ÔcÖvZ¨wnKÕ AvPi‡Y KL‡bv ¶zä, we‡`ªvnx| e¯‭yZ lvU `k‡Ki cieZ©x ivR‣bwZK cUcwieZ©b
I cvðvZ¨ wkíAvw½K A½xKi‡Y Avgv‡ì †QvUM‡í MÖvgxY Rxeb ev¯‭eZvi iƒc-iƒcv‰‭‡i
kIKZ Avjx Abb¨| cÖ_vMZ Míiƒc, Rxeb iƒcvq‡Y GKgvwÎK eY©bvag©x Avw½K I ¯^‪Q
mij‣iwLK e³e¨ Z¨vM K‡i wZwb we‡kølY, gbbawg©Zv, Zx¶è FRy wb‡g©` fvlv eënvi
K‡i‡Qb Zuvi M‡íi A‰‭ey©b‡b|
mnvqK MÖš’
1. AvRnvi Bmjvg, evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí welq-fvebv, ¯îƒc I wkíg~j¨, XvKv : evsjv
GKv‡Wgx, 1996
2. PÂj Kzgvi †evm, evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi wkíiƒc, XvKv : evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 2009
3. wgëb wek¦vm, Zvivk¼i e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi †QvUM‡í wbg′e‡M©i gvbyl, XvKv : evsjv GKv‡Wgx,
2009
4. †gvnv¤§` Rvwn` †nv‡mb, evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí Rxeb I mgvR, XvKv : evsjv GKv‡Wgx,
1997
[ †jLK: W. wgëb wek¦vm, mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, evsjv wefvM, PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq, email-
dr.miltonbis@yahoo.com]
cÖ e Ü
bvixi Rxeb bvixi Mí: †mwjbv †nv‡mb
gv my `y ¾v gv b
It is not enought to try to get back to the people in that past out of
which they have already emerged; rather we must join them in that
fluctuating movement which they are giving a shape to, and which, as
soon as it has started, will be the signal for everything to be called in
339
question. Left there be no mistske about it, it is to this zone of occult
instability where the people dwell that we must come, and it is there that
our souls are crystallized and that our perception and our lives are
transfused with light.
FRANTZ FANON, The Wretched of the Earth
AZxZ bq, †h AwM′Mf© eZ©gv‡bi ga¨w`‡q Avgiv P‡jwQ, hv GB gyn~‡Z© AvKvi cv‡‪Q, †mB
mgq‡KB Pzj‡Piv we‡kølY K‡i †`Lvi K_v D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb d«vbrm dv‡bv| mgmg‡qi GB †h
Abycy‫‫‬L D‡b¥vPb I Abya¨vb, †h-†Kv‡bv ms‡e`bkxj †jL‡Ki †mUvB †Zv AvZ¥wba©vwiZ
Aw‰^ó| †mwjbv †nv‡mb, mgmgq hvi AwaKvsk iPbvi †g․wjK welq-Avkq, wZwb GiB Uv‡b
wj‡L‡Qb bvixRxeb Avi GKv‰‭B bvixB Mí|
GK.
GKwesk kZvãxi ïi  †_‡KB e`‡j hvIqv evsjv‡`‡ki mgvRev¯‭eZv Mfxifv‡e †hme
†jL‡Ki iPbvq g~Z© n‡q DV‡Z ïi  K‡i, K_vmvwnwZ¨K †mwjbv †nv‡mb Zv‡ìB GKRb|
ejv evûj¨, ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡K evsjv‡`k DËi-Jcwb‡ewkK ivóª wn‡m‡e M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K|
MZ `y-wZb `k‡K wek¦vq‡bi cÖfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki mgvR AviI `ª Z iƒcv‰‭wiZ n‡q hvq| †mB
m‡½ cÖavb cÖavb ivR‣bwZK `j¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK AmwnòzZv, †gi KiY, mxgvnxb jyÉb Avi
`ye„©Ëvq‡b RR©wiZ evsjv‡`k †h •bivR¨ Avi Ae¶‡qi Ke‡j c‡o, Zv‡Z mvgvwRK msKU
AviI ZxeªZi nq| ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB e¨w³RxebI G †_‡K gy³ _vK‡Z cv‡iwb| bvix-cyi ‡li
m¤ú‡K©I †`Lv †`q bZzb gvÎv| Z‡e ivwóªK-mvgvwRK IB msKU I Aw¯ wZkxjZvi g‡aÏ
e¨w³K AvZ¥gyw³ I e¨w³¯^vaxbZvi AvKv‫¶‫‬v KLbI †jvc cvqwb| we‡kl K‡i m‡PZb
†jL‡Kiv mvgvwRK AmsMwZ‡K Zv‡ì †jLvq bvbvfv‡e Zz‡j aivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| ey‡S wb‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb e¨w³i m‡½ e¨w³i Av‰‭tm¤ú‡K©i Uvbv‡cv‡o‡bi cÖK…Z •ewkó¨|
†mwjbv †nv‡m‡biI we‡kl j¶¨ wQj evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-Jcwb‡ewkK mgv‡R bvix-
cyi ‡li m¤úK© †Kgb ùvwo‡q‡Q, †mB m¤ú‡K©i †fZiKvi AmsMwZ¸‡jv KxcvV‡Ki `„wó,
fvebv Avi †ev‡ai mxgvq GBme cÖm½ wb‡q Avmv| Dcb¨vm †Zv e‡UB †QvUM‡íi ga¨w`‡qI
†mwjbv †nv‡mb wbi‰‭i GB KvR K‡i P‡j‡Qb| †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi K_vmvwnZ¨ m¤ú‡K© wbwØ©avq
GKwU g‰‭e¨ Kiv hvq, Zvi †jLv‡ZB Dc¯ vwcZ n‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki eûgvwÎK bvixRxe‡bi
Qwe| GKK †Kv‡bv Mí bq, GKwUgvÎ Kvwnbx bqUzK‡iv UzK‡iv bvbv Kvwnbxi ga¨w`‡q
evsjv‡`‡ki bvixi c~Y©v½ Qwe cvIqv hvq Zvi †jLvq| evsjv‡`‡ki bvixiv †h wewPÎ
AwfÁZvi ga¨w`‡q Rxebhvcb K‡i P‡j‡Q, †mwjbv †nv‡mb g~jZ †mB Rxe‡biB iƒcKvi|
Zvi Mí gv‡bB bvixi Mí, evsjv`‡ki bvixi c~Y©v½ Rxe‡bi Mí|
eªvZ¨bvix †_‡K AwfRvZ bvix, wbg′e‡M©i bvix †_‡K D‪Pe‡M©i bvix, mvaviY mij
MÖvg¨ bvix †_‡K cÖLi ivRbxwZ-m‡PZb bvix, A_©vr evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwbwa¯ vbxq cÖvq me
bvix‡KB M‡íi PwiÎ I b¨v‡iwU‡fi Ask K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb †mwjbv †nv‡mb| Zvi M‡íi ¸i Z¡
g~jZ GBLv‡bB| GB Mí¸‡jvi ga¨w`‡qB cvVK Zvi IB bvixwelqK AvZ¥m‡PZb fvebv‡K
wbtm‡‱`‡n Qyu‡q w`‡Z cvi‡eb| Zvi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b Ly‡j hv‡e Ggb RMr, hv Kvwnbx‡K
340
†g․wjK‡Z¡, b¨v‡iwU‡fi Bw½ZMf© fvebvi m~‡Î Abb¨| kv`v †Pv‡L †Kv‡bv Kvwnbx‡K mvaviY
gvbyl †hfv‡e †`‡L, †mBfv‡e †`Lv bq; M‡íi †fZ‡i cÖ‪Qb′ _v‡K †h Rxeb, †mB Rxe‡bi
†e․w×K w`KwUB cvV‡Ki †ev‡ai mxgvq wb‡q Av‡mb wZwb| †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi Mí ZLb Avi
wbR©jv †Kv‡bv Mí n‡q _v‡K bv, Avgv‡ì †eva Avi Av‡e‡Mi Kv‡Q Zxeª Av‡e`b •Zwi K‡i|
cÖvmw½Kfv‡eB K_vi wc‡V Av‡iKwU K_v P‡j Av‡m mg¯‭ cÖavb †jL‡Ki iPbvB wK GBfv‡e
Abb¨ n‡q IVvi m~‡Î cvV‡Ki †ev‡ai Kv‡Q Av‡e`b •Zwi K‡i bv?
wK‰‧ Kx A‡_© GB Abb¨Zv? †mwjbv †nv‡mb bvix e‡j? †RÛvi wb‡q wZwb KvR
Ki‡Qb e‡j? bvwK Kvwnbx‡K Kxfv‡e Mí K‡i Zzj‡Z nq, wZwb †mB m„Rb¶gZvi AwaKvix
e‡j? GB cÖk′¸‡jvi DË‡i, A_©vr Zvi †jLv‡jwL cÖm‡½ Avgvi Kv‡Q GKKfv‡e Gi
†Kv‡bvwUB MÖvn¨ e‡j g‡b nq bv| Zvi Mí g~jZ Zvi mgMÖ Rxe‡biB cÖwZ‪Qwe| wK‰‧ GB
ÔmgMÖÕ ej‡Z Kx eySe Avgiv? cÖK…Zc‡¶ GB cÖ‡k′i DË‡ii g‡a¨B Zvi M‡íi Abb¨Zvi
m~ÎwU cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q ¯úó n‡q DV‡Z cv‡i|
†mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi K_vmvwn‡Zï Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ AviI GKwU K_v my¯úó K‡i ejv
hvq| Zvi Mí ïay Mí bq, bvbv fvebvi exRgvÎ| ÔfvebvÕ kãwU w`‡q Avgiv †h-K_vwU
ej‡Z PvB, Zv †evSv‡bv mnR bq| GR‡b¨ AviI wKQy kã, we‡kl K‡i cwifvlvi mvnvh¨
wb‡Z PvB| GiKgB K‡qKwU cwifvlv ev cwifvlv¸‪Q n‡‪Q ÔDcwb‡ekev`Õ, ÔMYZ‰¿Õ,
ÔivóªZ‰¿Õ, ÔcÖMwZkxj ivR‣bwZK Av‡‱`vjbÕ, Ôfvlv-Av‡‱`vjbÕ, Ôgyw³hy×Õ BZ¨vw`| †mwjbv
†nv‡m‡bi hviv Awfwbweó cvVK Zviv Rv‡bb †h DwjøwLZ cÖm½¸‡jv Kxfv‡e Zvi K_vmvwn‡Z¨
eëüZ n‡q‡Q, Gme cÖm½‡K †K‱`ª K‡i Kxfv‡e wZwb GKwUi ci GKwU mv_©K Dcb¨vm I
†QvUMí wj‡L †M‡Qb| me©‡k‡l Zvi fvebvq hy³ n‡q‡Q †RÛvi|
ejv cÖ‡qvRb, †RÛv‡ii Drm n‡‪Q bvixev`| bvixev` bvixi Rxeb‡K Ggbfv‡e
Db¥y³ K‡i †`Lv‡Z ïi  K‡i †hLv‡b bvix-cyi ‡li mgm¤úK© bq, welg m¤úK©B cÖvavb¨ cvq|
cÖvq Pvi `k‡KiI †ewk mgq a‡i Mí wjL‡Qb †mwjbv †nv‡mb| m„wókxj Rxe‡bi ïi  †_‡KB
bvix-cyi ‡li m¤úK© n‡q D‡V‡Q Zvi M‡íi g~j welqe¯‧| Z‡e cÖ_g w`‡K m‡PZbfv‡e bq,
A‡bKUv Am‡PZb A_P †jL‡Ki ms‡e`bkxj gb w`‡q wZwb bvixi Rxeb‡K Zvi M‡í
DcRxe¨ K‡i Zz‡jwQ‡jb; Avi GLb wZwb bvixev` m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb n‡qB Mí wjL‡Qb|
†mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi M‡íi weeZ©b GB f~wgKvi welq bq, wK‰‧ Zvi M‡íi iƒc-iƒcv‰‭i N‡U
P‡j‡Q g~jZ Gfv‡eB| Av‡Mi †h-†Kv‡bv mg‡qi Zzjbvq m‡PZb bvixfvebvB Zvi M‡íi
Kvwnbx †_‡K MVbKvVv‡gv ch©‰‭ M‡o w`‡‪Q|
`yB.
Ôhv wKQy e¨w³MZ ZvB ivR‣bwZKÕ bvixi Rxeb‡K GLb Gfv‡eB †`Lv nq| bvixRxe‡bi
msK‡Ui Drm n‡‪Q Zvi kixi Avi mvgvwRK Abykvmb ev mgvR-wba©vwiZ Rxeb| mgvR bvixi
Rxeb‡K Ggb GKUv e„‡Ëi g‡a¨ AvU‡K †`q †h bvix †mB e„‡Ëi g‡a¨B NyicvK †L‡Z _v‡K|
bvixi e¨w³K AvPiY Kvi m‡½ †Kgb n‡e, mgvRB wba©viY K‡i †`q| cyi ‡li RxebI
GKBfv‡e mgvRKZ…©K wba©vwiZ n‡q _v‡K| wK‰‧ j¶ Ki‡j †`Lv hv‡e, bvix I cyi l‡K
cwievi, mgvR, ms¯‥…wZ, ivóª ev ivóªxq cÖwZôvb, Abykvmb GK`„wó‡Z †`‡L bv| bvixi Rxeb
cyi ‡li Zzjbvq ZvB Aa¯‭b| cyi ‡li Ici bvix mvgvwRK-A_©‣bwZK GgbwK †e․w×Kfv‡eI
wbf©ikxj| wewfb′ wel‡q cyi ‡li †h AwaKvi I AwfMg¨Zv Av‡Q, bvixi †mme †bB| bvix-
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cyi ‡li m¤úK© ZvB Amg, mgvbvwaKv‡ii Ici cÖwZwôZ bq| Gme Kvi‡YB cyi ‡li Øviv
mvgvwRK-gvbwmK wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq bvix| Zvi Av_©-mvgvwRK Rxeb mxgve× ev k~b¨ n‡q
c‡o, cwimi hvq msKzwPZ n‡q| cyi l bvixi Ici AvwacZ¨ we¯‭vi K‡i| bvixev`xiv ej‡Qb
GmeB n‡‪Q cyi lZ‡‰¿i dj| cyi l Zvi ¯^v‡_© bvixi Rxeb‡K GiKg K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|
bvixi Rxeb ZvB e¨w³MZ bq, cy‡ivcywi ivR‣bwZK| †mwjbv †nv‡mbI bvixi
e¨w³MZ Rxeb‡K ZvB †Kv‡bv e¨w³i Rxeb e‡j g‡b K‡ibwb| bvix-cyi ‡li m¤úK© g~jZ
Kxfv‡e bvixi Rxeb‡K wecb′ K‡i †Zv‡j, msK‡Ui †mB cÖm½B Zvi M‡íi welq n‡q D‡V‡Q|
wK‰‧ bvix-Aa¯‭bZvi Qwe bq, Zvi civR‡qi Kvwnbx bq, †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi M‡íi AwaKvsk
bvixB `vi Y jovKz| cyi lZvw‰¿K cÖwZK‚j Ae¯ v‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i Zviv AvZ¥gyw³i c_ Lyu‡R
†bq| AvZ¥RvMi‡Yi m~‡Î civfe bq, cyi lek¨Zv bq, AvZ¥cÖwZôvB Zv‡ì Rxe‡bi j¶¨
n‡q D‡V| KLbI KLbI g‡b n‡Z cv‡i, bvix †h GBfv‡e cyi lZ‡‰¿i wei ‡× Ny‡i ùvov‡‪Q,
Avgv‡ì mgvR wK †mBfv‡e MwVZ, bvwK G ïay †jL‡Ki wbR¯^ fvebv w`‡q •Zwi M‡íi GK
BD‡Uvcxq RMr? †Kv‡bv m‡‱`n †bB, †mwjbv †nv‡mb Zvi M‡íi bvix‡K cÖÁv Avi m„wókxj
A‰‭`©„wó w`‡qB m„wó K‡i‡Qb| mgvRev¯‭eZvi †cÖ¶vc‡U Zvi M‡íi bvix ZvB Awaev¯‭e
RM‡ZiB evwm‱`v| Zviv cyi lZ‰¿‡K Aejxjvq AMÖvn¨ K‡i, AvZ¥gyw³i ga¨w`‡q
AvZ¥cÖwZwôZ n‡Z Pvq| G cÖm‡½ GLv‡b K‡qKwU M‡íi K_v D‡jøL Ki‡Z PvB|
cyi lZ‡‰¿i Kvi‡Y bvixi fvebv g~jZ n‡q c‡o cyi ‡liB fvebv| cyi ‡li fvebvi
Q‡KB ZLb bvixi Rxeb AvewZ©Z nq| we‡kl K‡i AvaywbK wP‰‭v‡PZbvi Øviv `xw¶Z bq †h
bvix, Zvi c‡¶ KLbB weKí wKQy fvev m¤¢e bq| Avgv‡ì MÖvgxY bvix Gfv‡eB cyi l‡KB
a¨vbÁvb g‡b K‡i‡Q| Zvi †fZ‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q b¨vq-Ab¨vq, cvc-cy‡Yï †eva| MÖvgxY bvixi
†h․bRxebI Gfv‡eB cyi ‡li ek¨Zv †g‡b wb‡q‡Q| Zvi Rxeb‡K †m cyi ‡li Kv‡Q
wbtkZ©fv‡e mgc©Y K‡i‡Q| ¯^vgx‡KB a¨vbÁvb e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i‡Q| wK‰‧ †mwjbv †nv‡mb
bvixfvebvi GB QKUv‡K †f‡O w`‡q‡Qb ÔAvKvwji †÷k‡bi RxebÕ kxl©K M‡íi AvKvwji
gva¨‡g| MÖvg †_‡K D‡V Avmv wbg′e‡M©i Aaxb GB †lvokx ÔmvaviY Kv‡Ri †g‡qwUÕ ivRcy‡Îi
g‡Zv †`L‡Z evwoi gvwj‡Ki †Q‡ji m‡½ †¯^‪Qvq kixix m¤ú‡K© Rwo‡q c‡o| †mB m¤ú‡K©i
g‡a¨ †m †Kv‡bv cvc Lyu‡R cvqwb, †Kbbv †mB cyi l wQj Zvi AvKv‫¶‫‬vi cyi l ÔivRcyÎÕ| Zvi
m½myL AvKvwji fv‡jv †j‡MwQj| Abyfe K‡iwQj :
ivRcy‡Îi g‡Zv †Q‡jwUi Mig wbk¦vm e‡q hv‡‛Q Ii kix‡i| GK ai‡bi e¨vKzjZv
cÖej †e‡M I‡K MÖvm K‡iwQj Ges †Q‡jwUi m½myL Ii GKUzI Lvivc jv‡Mwb| Gici GgbB
Av‡iv KZ ivZ †K‡U‡Q| wb‡Ri †fZi Av‛Qbœ n‡q hvIqv AvKvwji ZLb fv‡jvg›` †eva wQj
bv Ii Kv‡Q †mB †Q‡jwUi Av‡e`b wQj Mfxi|
AvKvwj G-I ey‡SwQj †kªwY-Ae¯ v‡bi Kvi‡Y Zvi †P‡q DuPz ¯‭‡i Aew¯ Z IB
†Q‡jwU‡K fv‡jvevmv hvq bv| I‡ì m‡½ fv‡jvevmv nq bv| ÒwK‰‧ H myLUzKz I wb‡RI †fvM
K‡iwQj| Gi Rb¨ Ii †Kv‡bv `ytL †bB, eis GLbI g‡b K‡i †mB w`b¸‡jv Ii my‡Li w`bB
wQj| KL‡bv g‡b nqwb †h I awl©Z n‡‪Q; †h †Kv‡bv mgq Ii cv †e‡q bZzb ZvRv i³ †b‡g
Avm‡Z cv‡i| H K‡qKwU w`‡bi ¯§„wZB Ii myL †nvK Ab¨vq, Zey hv Ii fv‡jvjvMv wQj, Zv
b¨vq e‡jB gv‡b|Ó
Z‡e evwoi M„wnYx †hw`b Zvi Pz‡ji gywV a‡i IB evwo †_‡K †ei K‡i †`q, ZLb Zvi
Avi †Kv‡bv ùvovevi RvqMv _v‡K bv| evoevo‰‭ kix‡ii eo †cU †`‡L ew¯‭i Avkªq`vÎx
342
ÔwePviÕ PvIqvi K_v Rvbv‡j AvKvwji gv_v Ny‡i I‡V| g‡b g‡b fv‡e, Zv‡ì `yÕR‡bi †KD-
B †Zv Ab¨vq K‡iwb| Zvn‡j wePvi wK‡mi? GiKg gyn~‡Z©B :
wPrKvi K‡i I‡V wbwk, Kwe bv e¨vWvWv †KWv?
AvKvwj cÖej‡e‡M gv_v bvwo‡q e‡jwQj, bv|
†Zvi m‰‭vb‡ì evc jvM‡e bv?
bv|
AvKvwji †PvL Avevi D¾¡j n‡q I‡V, PKP‡K bxj I Kv‡jv †Pv‡Li Zvivq| wbwk Ii
w`‡K ZvwK‡q _g‡K hvq| Zvici Mjv bvwg‡q e‡j, Kx Km?
AvKvwji Kv‡Q gvbweK m¤úK©UvB cÖavb, GKvi‡YB †m KZ mn‡R ej‡Z †c‡i‡Q, Zvi
m‰‭v‡bi evc jvM‡e bv| cyi lZ‡‰¿i cÖfv‡e •Zwi nIqv bvixfvebvi QK Gfv‡eB †f‡O w`‡jb
†mwjbv †nv‡mb| GB fvebv wbtm‡‱`‡n Zvi †PZbvcÖm~Z, bvixi AvZ¥gyw³i bZzbm~Î Zz‡j a‡i
cvV‡Ki mvg‡b, we‡kl K‡i AvaywbK bvixi mvg‡b| cÖk′ DV‡Z cv‡i, GB bvix Kx Avgv‡ì
mgv‡Ri ¯^vfvweK †Kv‡bv bvix? G-ai‡bi †Kv‡bv bvixi m‡½ wK Avgv‡ì cwiPq Av‡Q?
DËiUv bv-m~PK neviB K_v| wK‰‧ GB bvix †Zv MíKvi †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi AvZ¥wbwg©Z bvix,
Zvi †PZbvi i‡O wbwg©Z, Zvi fvebvi cÖfv‡e AvKvwj‡ì m„wó| MíKv‡ii cÖvMÖmi fvebvB
GB M‡í cÖavb n‡q D‡V‡Q|
ÔgwZRv‡bi †g‡qivÕi gwZRvbI wbg′e‡M©i bvix| wK‰‧ we‡qi ci ¯^vgx Avey‡ji
msmv‡i †m n‡q hvq ÔevowZ gvbylÕ| wb‡Ri msmv‡ii Zvi †Kv‡bv KZ…©Z¡ †bB, kvïwo Zvi
Ici KZ…©Z¡ K‡i| gwZRv‡bi ü`q †_‡K msmv‡i mva D‡e hvq| ¯^vgx‡K wb‡q msmv‡ii mva
wgUj bv e‡j Awfgvb n‡j ¯^vgx Zv‡K e‡j †`q, ÒnvgvK wKQy Ke¨v bv| nvwg wKQy Rvwb bv|
wKQy Kie¨vi c¨vi‡gv bv| gv-B me| nvgvi ey‡Ki gw`¨ cv _yq¨v P¨vc¨v i¨vL‡Q|Ó
bvix‡ì G-I GK gvÎv| bvix cyi lZ‡‰¿i Øviv Ggbfv‡e Av‪Qb′ n‡q c‡o †h bvixi
Øviv bvix wbh©vwZZ nq| gwZRv‡bi wcZv we‡qi mgq K_v w`‡q †h․ZzK w`‡Z bv cvivq
gwZRvb GB msmv‡i Ôf‡qÕi ga¨w`‡q Rxeb KvUvq| we‡kl K‡i ¯^vgxi gy‡LvgywL n‡Z Pvq
bv| ¯^vgx Avey‡ji Kv‡Q ¯¿x I gv, A_©vr †Kv‡bv bvixB ¸i Z¡c~Y© bq| †m MuvRv Lvq Avi
wb‡Ri †LqvjLywk g‡Zv P‡j, ¯¿x‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i| gwZRv‡bi w`b Avi ivZ Kv‡U GKv GKv,
ÔweQvbvq QUdU K‡i|Õ GB †cÖ¶vc‡UB Zvi Rxe‡b Av‡m Avey‡ji eÜz †jvKgvb| †jvKgv‡bi
m‡½ †Mvcb kvixwiK m¤ú‡K©i m~‡Î gwZRvb gv n‡Z P‡j| wK‰‧ kvïwo Avi Avey‡ji K_v,
eski¶vi Rb¨ ÔQvIqvjÕ Rb¥ w`‡Z n‡e|
gwZRvb kvïwo‡K wR‡Ám K‡i, ÒAvcbvi Avevi cyi l QvIqv‡ji kL K¨vb‡n?
Avcbvi †Q‡j †Zv Avcbv‡K cy‡Q bv|Ó Rev‡e kvïwo e‡j, Òbv cyQ‡j †Zvi wK †i
nvivgRvw`! ZzB †Q‡j we‡qvwe, bv weqv‡j fv‡jv n‡e bv Kn¨v w`j¨vg|Ó
bvix wb‡RB Rv‡b bv †Kb †m cyi l Pvq, Pvq cyÎm‰‭vb, cy‡Îi cyÎ| ïay Rv‡b cyi l eski¶v
K‡i, wK‰‧ mwZ¨B †mUv Kxfv‡e N‡U †m wel‡q bvix m‡PZb bq| Gici `yB †g‡qi Rb¥ †`q
gwZRvb| Aveyj GKw`b †nv †nv K‡i †n‡m D‡V e‡j eski¶v †Zv nj bv| cyÎm‰‭vb Rb¥ bv
w`‡j bvix‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i cyi l, cyi lZ‡‰¿i Øviv cÖfvweZ bvixi (GLv‡b kvïwo) Kv‡QI Zvi
†Kv‡bv ¸i Z¡ _v‡K bv|
kvïwo eski¶vi Rb¨ †Q‡ji Avevi we‡q w`‡Z D‡`¨vMx nq| gwZRv‡bi D‡Ï‡k
†PuwP‡q e‡j ÒAvR w_Kv nvgvi msmv‡i Zzgnvi fvZ b¨vB| nvwg nvgvi QvIqv‡jvK Avevi weqv
343
Kiv‡gv| nvgvi es‡ki evwË jvM‡e|Ó wVK ZLbB M‡íi †kl w`‡K Avmj NUbv duvm K‡i
†`q gwZRvb| mevB‡K mPwKZ K‡i w`‡q wL wL K‡i †n‡m I‡V e‡j, Òes‡ki evwË? Avcbvi
QvIqv‡ji Avkvq _¨vK‡j nvwg GB gvBqv `yWvI †cZ¨vg bv|Ó MÖv‡gi k³ †g‡qgvbyl kvïwoi
we‡ùvwiZ †Pv‡Li mvg‡b `yÕnv‡Z `yÕ‡g‡q‡K ey‡Ki m‡½ AuvK‡o a‡i gwZRvb Avi Ògv‡qi
ey‡Ki †fZi †_‡K R¡jR¡‡j †Pv‡L mevi w`‡K ZvKvq gwZRv‡bi †g‡qiv|Ó j¶Yxq, LyeB
Bw½ZMf© GB M‡íi †klUzKz| gwZRv‡bi ey‡Ki ga¨ †_‡K R¡jR¡‡j †Pv‡L bZzb c„w_ex‡K
†`L‡Q Zviv| bvixi ey‡KB bvixi Avkªq| MíwU Gfv‡eB †kl nq| Gici Kx N‡UwQj,
MíKvi †mK_v Rvbvbwb Avgv‡ì| wK‰‧ IB msmvi hw` Zv‡K mwZ¨ Z¨vM Ki‡Z nq, Zvn‡j
bvixcÖavb cwiev‡iB M‡o DV‡e gwZRv‡bi `yB †g‡q| bvixB Gfv‡e n‡q DV‡e bvixi Avkªq,
†h․_ Rxebhvc‡bi Ask| m¤cÖwZ Kb¨vm‰‭v‡bi m‡½ gv‡qi Mfxi m¤úK© bvixev`x fvebv‡K
†h bZzb gvÎv w`‡‪Q, GB M‡íi †k‡l †mB Bw½ZB cvw‪Q Avgiv|
gwZRvb, ejv evûj¨, wfb′auv‡P Mov ÔAb¨Õ bvix| †m cyi lZvw‰¿K mvgvwRK Abykvmb AMÖvn¨
K‡i AvZ¥gyw³i Avi Avb‡‱ì c_ wb‡R wb‡RB Lyu‡R wb‡q‡Q| GB bvixI GB mg‡qi
e¨wZµgx Av‡iK bvix| m‡PZb fvebv †_‡K †m †h †jvKgv‡bi m‡½ m¤úK© M‡o Zz‡jwQj Zv
bq, hv wKQy N‡UwQj Zv N‡UwQj ¯^vfvweKZvi c_ a‡i‭¯v^ gxi Ae‡njv †c‡q| Z‡e bvixev`x
fvebv †_‡KB Gi mªóv †mwjbv †nv‡mb Zv‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb| G Kvi‡YB †m Aejxjvq ej‡Z
†c‡i‡Qb :
†h․ZzK cÖm‡½ : Òevev †Zv wg_y¨K Avi VM nq¨v †M‡Q| wK‡mi Avevi Nwo, mvB‡Kj?
Avi nvwg? nvwg †Zv Mi  nq¨v †Mby| Iiv nvgvK Nvm L¨vevi K‡n|Ó
wb‡Ri msmv‡i Kv‡Ri †jvK n‡q hvIqv cÖm‡½ : Ònvwg †Zv GB evwoi Kv‡gi gvbyl| Kvg
Ki¨v fvZ L¨vB| em¨v em¨v fvZ LvB bv| nvgvK fvZ †`q¨v jvMwe| gvb‡l Kv‡gi gvbylK
fvZ `¨vq bv?Ó
cyi lZ‡‰¿i GKUv e‡ov •ewkó¨ n‡‪Q bvix bq, cyi l‡K cÖvavb¨ †`q, cyÎm‰‭vb Kvgbv
K‡i| ÔgwZRv‡bi †g‡qivÕ M‡í †hgb, †Zgwb GB GKB fvebvq †jLv n‡q‡Q ÔgBig Rv‡b bv
al©Y KxÕ bv‡gi MíwU| wbg′e‡M©i GK cyi l Rwmg Av‡iK wbg′e‡M©i bvix gBig‡K al©Y K‡i|
wK‰‧ gBig eyS‡ZB cv‡i bv al©Y Kx| †m ïay kvixwiK Avb‱` cvqwb e‡j weZ…òv Abyfe
K‡i‡Q| Rwmg GBfv‡e evi evi gBi‡gi m‡½ kvixwiK m¤úK© ¯ vcb K‡i| gBig fv‡e,
ÒkixiUv Avi Ii †bB IUv Rwm‡gi n‡q †M‡Q| ...Rwmg I‡K Pv‡qi g‡Zv GKUz GKUz K‡i
†L‡q‡Q|Ó
bvixi kixi †h bvixi bq, IB kix‡ii Ici †h Zvi wbq‰¿Y †bB, bvixfvebvi Av‡iK
•ewkó¨ cÖwZcv`¨ nj GB M‡í| GB M‡íi m~‡ÎB Avgv‡ì g‡b co‡e bvixev`x †mB fvebvi
K_v, ÒAvgvi kixi Avgvi, Avgvi kvixwiK m¤úK© Kvi m‡½ n‡e, †mB wm×v‰‭I Avgvi|Ó
wK‰‧ gBig Zvi wb‡Ri B‪Qvi wei ‡× Mf©eZx n‡j Rwmg Avi Zvi mwKbvi cxovwcwo‡Z
abvX¨ mËi eQ‡ii b~ivwj nvIjv`vi Zv‡K we‡q Ki‡Z Pvq| KviY †mB cyÎm‰‭vb cvIqvi
AvKv‫¶‫‬v| cyÎm‰‭vb n‡‪Q Ôes‡ki evwËÕ|
mwKbv Avi Rwm‡gi B‡‪Q gBig Gfv‡e b~ivjx‡K we‡q Ki‡j Zviv cv‡e ev¯‧wf‡U Avi Rxe‡b
w_Zz cvIqvi †kKo| M‡o Zzj‡Z cvi‡e Ôcwiev‡ii aviYvÕ, cv‡e Ôwb‡Ri f~wgÕ| wK‰‧ GR‡b¨
Rwmg‡K †h Zvi fv‡jvjvMvi gvbyl gBig‡K nviv‡Z n‡‪Q, G‡Z Zvi Aby‡kvPbv ev Møvwb
†bB| †m ïay gBi‡gi kixi Pvq| wK‰‧ gBig Zv‡Z Avb‱` Lyu‡R cvq bv| Zvi g‡b nq,
344
Ò†Kv‡bv wKQy †evSvi Av‡MB cyi ‡li kixi Mv‡qi Dci †P‡c hvq GB Abyf‡e Ii cÖej
weZ…òv Rv‡M|Ó cyi l Gfv‡eB GKw`‡K bvixi kixi‡K B‡‪Qg‡Zv eënvi K‡i, Ab¨w`‡K
eënvi K‡i m¤úwË cvIqvi Dcvq wn‡m‡e| Dfq †¶‡ÎB †m cyi ‡li Øviv eëüZ nq|
bvixi ¸i Z¡ GBUzKz| Rwmg Òey‡S hvq, gBi‡gi †Kb GZ `vg| b~ivjx nvIjv`vi gBi‡gi
Kv‡Q †Q‡j Pvq| Avi I wb‡R gBi‡gi Kv‡Q Rwg Pvq| †h Rwg I‡K †`‡e e‡j b~ivjx K_v
w`‡q‡Q| Rwm‡gi wek¦vm b~ivjx K_v ivL‡e| Avi Ii m‡½ weQvbvq hvIqvi Av‡M RwgUv
wjwL‡q wb‡Z cvi‡j Avi cvq †K! b~ivjx Mv‡qi abx K…lK, wK‰‧ evc n‡Z bv cvivi `ytL e‡q
†eovq| b~ivjx gBi‡gi nvZ a‡i e‡jwQj, Avwg †Zv‡i fv‡jvevwm gBig| †Zv‡i Avwg
mZx‡bi N‡i wbgy bv| Avjv`v `vg w`gy|Ó bvix, GLv‡b ïayB cY¨cvÎ, GK cyi ‡li Kv‡Q
m¤úwË cvIqvi gva¨g, Av‡iK cyi ‡li Kv‡Q cyÎcÖvwßi| Z‡e gBig cyÎm‰‭vb Rb¥ w`‡Z cv‡i
e‡j ey‡S †d‡j‡Q †Kb ÔgvBqv‡Mv GZ `vgÕ|
AvaywbK bvixev`x fvebvi GwU n‡‪Q me©‡kl AwfÁvb bvixi gh©v`v cyi ‡li †P‡q
A‡bK †ewk, KviY †m m‰‭vb aviY I Rb¥ w`‡Z cv‡i| Zvi Mf© Avi kixi‡K wN‡iB
gvbecÖR‡b¥i †e‡o-IVv Ges eski¶v| we¯§qKi n‡‪Q, †mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi M‡í GBme ZvwË¡K
cÖm½I Av‡m Lye mnRfv‡e, M‡íi wbR¯^ Uv‡b, wbR¯^ cÖ‡qvR‡b| †mwjbv †nv‡mb M‡íi
g‡a¨B f‡i †`b Zvi fvebv‡K| M‡íi KvVv‡gv I MwZcÖevn mÂiYkxj †_‡K cwiYv‡gi w`‡K
Ggbfv‡e GwM‡q hvq †h, fvebvi GB Av‡ivcb ZvwË¡K n‡q c‡o bv| b~ivjxI Rwm‡gi g‡Zv
†lvokx gBi‡gi kixi g‰ b K‡i, wK‰‧ gBig ZLbI †ev‡S bv al©Y Kx| cyi l bvix‡K ïay †h
m‰‭vb Rb¥`v‡bi h‰¿ g‡b K‡iB kvixwiK Avb‱` †c‡q Z…ß nq, bvix Avb‱` †cj Kx †cj bv
Zv j¶ K‡i bv GBme g‡bvkvixwiK welq‡K DcRxe¨ K‡iB †jLv n‡q‡Q GB MíwU|
wbg′e‡M©i g‡a¨ bvixi Ae¯ vb †h AviI wb‡g′, Rwmg †m K_v gBig‡K eywS‡q †`q| †mB m‡½
D‪Pe‡M©i gvby‡li Kv‡QI bvixi †Kv‡bv ¸i Z¡ †bB|
gb I kix‡ii m¤ú‡K©i †h․_ AbyfeB n‡‪Q g‡bvkix‡ii welq| GB GKB welq wb‡q
†jLv Av‡iKwU Mí ÔwjwcKvi we‡q Ges AZtciÕ| GB M‡íI Ôfv‡jv QvÎxÕ wjwcKvi we‡q nq
Ggb GK Ôfv‡jv †Q‡jÕi m‡½ †h Zvi kixiUvB †c‡Z †P‡q‡Q, gb bq| Z‡e ¯ ~j A‡_© gb
bq, g‡bi m‡½ Rwo‡q _v‡K †h e¨w³K B‪Qv-Awb‪Qv, wjwcKv †m-meB Rxe‡bi Rb¨ ¸i Z¡c~Y©
e‡j g‡b K‡i‡Q| MíwU co‡j †evSv hvq, wjwcKv †P‡q‡Q e¨w³¯^vaxbZv| †jLvcov K‡i †m
AvZ¥cÖwZwôZ n‡Z Pvq| wK‰‧ Zvi ¯^vgx Avdmv‡ii `„wófw½ G‡Kev‡iB wecixZ| †m e‡j
msmv‡i hv wKQy NU‡e Zv Zvi B‪Qv-Awb‪Qv‡ZB NU‡e| †jLvcov K‡iB-ev Kx n‡e, Zvi †Zv
A‡bK UvKv| wjwcKv, ejv evûj¨, Avdmv‡ii GB wm×v‰‭‡K †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡iwb| wjwcKv Avi
Avdmv‡ii K_v PvjvPvwj nq GBfv‡e :
Zzwg wK †f‡e‡Qv we‡q K‡i Zzwg Avgvi AvwgZ¡UzKz `Lj K‡i wb‡q‡Qv?
nu¨v, Zv‡Zv wb‡qwQ| GLb †_‡K †Zvgvi mewKQyB Avgvi| †Zvgvi †gav, †m․‱`h©, bvixZ¡,
mewKQy| †Zvgvi †Kv‡bvwKQyB †Zvgvi bv|
Zvn‡j †Zvgvi †gav, †m․‱`h©, cyi l‡Z¡i Ici Kvi AwaKvi?
Avgvi wRwbm‡Zv AvgviB|
Zvn‡j AvgviUv Avgvi bq †Kb? †Zvgvi wRwbm w`‡q Zzwg B‡‪Q gvwdK Pj‡e, Avi
Avgvi¸‡jv †Zvgvi cv‡qi Zjvq wcó n‡e?
345
Zzwg fy‡j †hI bv wjwcKv †h Zzwg †g‡q|
Avwg †g‡q †mUvB‡Zv Avgvi AnsKvi|
cyi lZ‡‰¿i †Pnviv Gi †P‡q Avi KZUv AvMÖvmx n‡Z cv‡i? bv, GLv‡bB †kl bq|
cyi lZ‡‰¿i P~ov‰‭ j¶ n‡q ùvovq bvixi kixi, ïayB bvixi kixi| GR‡b¨B wjwcKv e‡j,
ÒAvgvi kixi wewµ Kie †Zvgvi Kv‡Q|Ó wew¯§Z Avdmvi‡K eywS‡q †`q, Òmsmv‡ii wf‡Z
hw` ci¯ú‡ii fv‡jvevmv bv _v‡K Zvn‡j †mUvB †Zv †Kbv‡ePv Avwg †`‡ev Zzwg wKb‡e, Zzwg
†`‡e Avwg wKb‡ev|Ó m‰‭vb Rb¥ wb‡j Zv-I GKv cyi ‡li bq, cÖavbZ bvixi| bvixi `vweB
Zv‡Z cÖavb| wjwcKv e‡j, ÒKviY †h ¯ v‡b åƒYwU e‡ov n‡e †m A½wU Avgvi| Zzwg PvB‡jB
†Zvgvi †`‡n wkïwU‡K e‡ov Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|Ó GLv‡b G‡mB wjwcKv Avdmv‡ii Amnvqfv‡e
ZvwK‡q _vKv †`‡L| Zvi g‡a¨ ÒGKRb civwRZ gvby‡li †Pnviv †`L‡Z cvq Ii Avqbvq|Ó
†mwjbv †nv‡m‡bi Mí¸‡jv g~jZ GiKgB| cyi ‡liv GBme M‡í bvixi Avqbvq
wb‡Ri †Pnviv †`L‡Z cv‡eb| bvixI Mí¸‡jv co‡j eyS‡Z cvi‡e †Kv_vq Kxfv‡e wK‡mi
g‡a¨ jywK‡q Av‡Q bvixgyw³i g~jm~Î| cyi lZ‡‰¿i Kv‡Q bvixi civRq bq, civfe bq,
cyi lZ‰¿‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡iB bvixgyw³ †c‡Z n‡e| †mwjbv †nv‡mb GB bvixgyw³i MíB e‡j‡Qb
cvVK‡K|
wZb.
bvixgyw³ bv-NU‡j †h evsjv‡`‡ki gvby‡li mvwe©K gyw³ m¤¢e bq, †mK_vB cÖKviv‰‭‡i †evSv‡Z
†P‡q‡Qb †mwjbv †nv‡mb| Zvi M‡íi Zvrch© g~jZ GBLv‡bB| DËi-Jcwb‡ewkK evsjv‡`‡k
bvixi Rxeb †Kgb ùvwo‡q‡Q, bvix-cyi ‡li mvgvwRK Ae¯ v Kx, cÖwZwU M‡íi ga¨ w`‡q
†mK_vB cvV‡Ki Av‡eM Avi †ev‡ai mxgvq wb‡q G‡m‡Qb wZwb| Z‡e Av‡MB e‡jwQ, mvaviY
†jLK bb †mwjbv †nv‡mb, bvix-cyi ‡li m¤ú‡K©i mij Mí e‡jb bv wZwb| `y-wZbwU cÖeYZv
Lye cÖejfv‡e Dcw¯ Z Zvi M‡í :
(GK) kix‡ii Kvi‡Y bvix cyi lZ‡‰¿i wkKvi,
(`yB) kixiB bvixi AnsKvi,
(wZb) cyi lZ‡‰¿i Øviv bvix wcó n‡jI cyi ‡li Kv‡Q bvix civwRZ nq bv|
evsjv‡`‡ki mgv‡R I ms¯‥…wZ‡Z bvix-cyi ‡li m¤úK© µgk iƒcv‰‭wiZ n‡‪Q| †mwjbv

†nv‡m‡bi M‡í aiv c‡o‡Q iƒcv‰‭‡ii †mB PgKcÖ` Qwe| bvixi †PvL w`‡q †`Lv n‡jI †mB
†PvLwU kv`vgvVvfv‡e NUbvi DcwiZj w`‡q `„wó Nywi‡q †bq bv, NUbvi AZ‡j †h‡Z Pvq|
Zvi M‡í Mí Av‡Q wVKB wK‰‧ cwiYv‡g Zv w_Zz nq †e․w×K ¯‭‡i G‡m, hv mvwe©Kfv‡e
bvixgyw³i m~Î n‡q I‡V|
346
Z_¨wb‡`©k
1. †mwjbv †nv‡mb, bvixi iƒcK_v, Abb¨v, XvKv, 2007|
2. MímgMÖ, mgq cÖKvk, XvKv, 2002|
3. Imre Szeman, Zones of Instability, The John Hopkins University
Press, Baltimore and London, 2003.
[ †jLK: Kwe, cÖvewÜK, Abyev`K| Aa¨vcK, wkÿv I M‡elYv Bbw÷wUDU, XvKv

wek¦w`¨vjq| ]
cÖ e Ü
Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì †QvUMí AZtci K_vmvwn‡Zï ¯îƒc
Av jx ix qv R
Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì Mí Aek¨B ¯^qsm¤ú~Y©| Zuvi iPbvewj wb‡RB cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i Zuvi mgq
I mgvR‡K| Zuvi Míaviv, welq wbe©vPb, iPbv‣kjx mg¯‭ wKQyB wbR¯^ I †g․wjK| m„wókxj
mvwnwZ¨‡Ki R‡b¨ GUv †Kv‡bv we‡kl welq bq| cÖ‡Z¨KwU †jLKB Zvi Avcb RvqMvq
Avjv`v| Zv m‡Ë¡I GKRb †jLK Zvi mg‡qi GKwU avivi m‡½ hy³| GUv‡K Avgiv mgMÖ I
As‡ki ga¨Kvi m¤úK© wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z cvwi, cÖengvb Rj‡mªv‡Zi Dcgv w`‡q eyS‡Z cvwi|
Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì iPbvI GKBfv‡e GB iKg GKUv avivi m‡½ hy³| Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì
iPbvewj wb‡q Av‡jvPbvq GK_v ejvB h‡_ó bq †h, Kv‡qm Avn‡g` lv‡Ui `k‡Ki MíKvi|
lv‡Ui `k‡K Avgv‡ì †`‡k mvwnZävivq my¯úófv‡e †h wZbwU †mªvZ cÖevwnZ nw‪Qj Zvi
g‡a¨ Kv‡qm Avcb ¯^vZ‰¿¨ wb‡qB Ggb GKwU avivi m‡½ hy³ hv‡K G-hveZKv‡j
evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Zï me‡P‡q RxebNwbô aviv e‡j wPwýZ Kiv hvq| GB avivwUi m‡½
cwiwPZ nevi R‡b¨ Avgv‡ì‡K GKUz †cQb †_‡KB hvÎv ïi  Ki‡Z n‡e|
Pwjø‡ki `k‡K Avgv‡ì K_vmvwn‡Zï cÖavb aviv wQj Dcb¨vm; •mq` IqvjxDjøvn,
kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjvg, Aveyj dRj, mi`vi R‡qbDÏxb, Avey i k`, Avey BmnvK, ikx`
347
Kwig I kIKZ Imgvb‡K Avgiv mn‡RB wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvwi GB mg‡qi cÖavbZg
Jcb¨vwmK wn‡m‡e| kv‡n` Avjx I Avey Rvdi kvgmyÏx‡bi g‡Zv kw³kvjx MíKviiv wQ‡jb
Dcw¯ Z| Zuv‡ì wei ‡× A‡bK iKg Awf‡hvMB DÌvcb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i; wK‰‧ GK_v bv-
ej‡j Ab¨vq n‡e †h, Zuviv Rxeb‡K Lye KvQ †_‡K †`Lvevi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| †m mgq mgv‡R
¯úóZ `y‡Uv †mªvZ cÖevwnZ nw‪Qj; GKw`‡K Avkvev` ¯^c′-AvKv‫¶‫‬v : bZzb †`‡ki; wecixZ
w`‡K g‰^‰‭i I `v½vi i³¶qx AgvbweKZv| gvbyl wK Zvi gvbweK ¸Yvewj‡Z mg„× gvbyl bv
Zvi †fZ‡ii Rv‰‭e Instinct ¸‡jv Øviv PvwjZ R‰‧we‡kl? cÖm½Z ¯§iY Kiv hvq gvby‡li
Rxe‡b GB †h •ØZZv †mUv Avgiv Kv‡q‡mi iPbvq evievi †`L‡Z cvB| cvB, †Kbbv G
mgq‡K ¯úk© Ki‡j GB `yB cÖeYZvi Ø‱Ø‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv hvq bv/hv‡e bv| hvB †nvK,
Dcb¨v‡mi GB †h cÖvYe‰‭ aviv Zv cÂv‡ki `k‡K G‡m A‡bKUv ïwK‡q hvq| Zvi Ab¨Zg
KviY wK GB †h †`kwefw³i mvgwqK D‡ËRbvi ci c~e©evsjvi wbðj, wb¯‭i½ mgvRRxeb
wd‡i G‡mwQj Zvi cyi‡bv RvqMvq? †jL‡Ki †h A‰‭`„©wó MÖv‡gi GB wbðj mgvRRxe‡bi
†fZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i wbZ¨w`‡bi Rxe‡bi Ø‱Ø‡K Dcb¨v‡mi wel‡q iƒcv‰‭wiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i
mvwnwZ¨Kiv wK Zv AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb? evsjv‡`‡k AvR GB be″B‡qi `k‡KI KZRb
K_vmvwnwZ¨K Zuv‡ì Dcb¨v‡m MÖvgRxe‡bi AvcvZ wbðjZvi †fZ‡ii msMÖvg I Ø‱Ø‡K ¯úk©
Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb? KZRb MíKv‡ii iPbvi welq n‡q D‡V‡Q Zv? GiB cvkvcvwk ¯§iY Kiv
hvK, mË‡ii I Avwki `k‡K †jLv Kv‡q‡mi Mí¸‡jv| Kv‡q‡mi M‡íi/Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎiv
D‡V Av‡m †mB Rxeb †_‡KB †hLv‡b evB‡i †_‡K D‡ËRbv `„k¨gvb bq †kªwYØ‡‱Øi eywj
KcwP‡q evbv‡bv D‡ËRK ev¯‭eZvi MÖvg Kv‡q‡mi M‡íi DcRxe¨ bq eis RxebmsMÖv‡g
Av‡cvl I Av‡cvlnxbZv `yB-B ¯úó|
cÂv‡ki `k‡K †QvUMí K_vmvwn‡Z¨ cÖavb evnb n‡q I‡V| Dcb¨vm †_‡K †QvUM‡í
GB iƒcv‰‭‡ii KviY Kx? AvaywbK mvwn‡Zï cÖfve? bvwK Avgv‡ì †`‡k wbg©xqgvY GKwU
†f․‡MvwjK ev¯‭eZv? cÂv‡ki `k‡K evsjv‡`‡ki f~‡Mv‡j GKwU cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q; Zv nj
kn‡ii Avwef©ve| GB `k‡K GLv‡b †mLv‡b Avav-gd¯^jx kni M‡o DV‡Z _v‡K|
evsjv‡`‡ki MÖvg¸‡jv GKvav‡i †QvU †QvU I e„nr| cÖkvmwbK we‡ePbvq G¸‡jv LyeB †QvU
†QvU| wK‰‧ GKUv MÖvg †_‡K Av‡iKU MÖv‡gi †Pnviv Avjv`v bq, mxgv‡iLv A¯úó| dm‡ji
gv‡V ùvwo‡q w`M‰‭ †`Lv hvq e„nr, wekvj Zvi AvKvi| mgvR-MVb MÖv‡gi mxgv‡iLv Øviv
wba©vwiZ bq m¤ú‡K©i m~Î we¯‭…Z A‡bK `~i| d‡j Rxe‡bi K_KZvi mxgv Uvbv hvq bv GB
MÖv‡g ev H MÖv‡g| cÂv‡ki `k‡K kn‡ii weKvk †mB f~‡Mvj‡K wQb′ Kij| kni †Zv †Kej
f~‡Mv‡ji welq bq| mgvR-MV‡biI welq| Zvi m‡½ hy³ n‡q Av‡Q bZzb †ckv I †ckvRxex
bZzb Drcv`b-m¤úK©| kn‡i †Zj w`‡q evwZ R¡‡j bv, evwZ R¡‡j B‡jKwUªwmwU‡Z| †mB †gvn
wbwki Wv‡Ki g‡Zv WvK w`j Avgv‡ì K_vmvwnwZ¨K‡ì| †eva Kwi GB me cÂv‡ki `k‡K
†QvUM‡íi cÖve‡jï GKwU KviY| Dcb¨vm G‡Kev‡i g„Z n‡q coj Zv bq; knx`yjøv Kvqmvi,
AvjvDÏxb Avj AvRv‡ì g‡Zv Jcb¨vwmK †mB mg‡qiB m‰‭vb|
kn‡i K_vmvwnwZ¨K‡ì AvMgb wb‡q AvcwË †Zvjvi †Kv‡bv KviY †bB| †e`bv`vqK
hv Zv nj DØv¯‧Zv Zv‡ì‡K Av‪Q&b′ K‡i †djj| knigyLx gvby‡li Kv‡djv Zv‡ì `„wó
Gwo‡q †Mj| Rxe‡bi/mgv‡Ri GKUv w`K Zv‡ì †Pv‡Li mvg‡b _vKjB bv| •mq` kvgmyj
nK, AvjvDÏxb Avj AvRv`, Avwbm †P․ayix Ges kIKZ Avjxi g‡Zv kw³kvjx †QvUMíKvi
†ewi‡q G‡jb GB mg‡q| G‡ì g‡a¨ iPbvixwZ I welq-wbe©vP‡b dvivK A‡bK| wK‰‧ GKUv
348
w`‡Ki wgj GB †h, Rxe‡bi KwVb ev¯‭eZvi gy‡LvgywL Zuviv wb‡R‡ì‡K ¯ vcb K‡i‡Qb|
cieZ©x mg‡q Gu‡ì (Ges mgmvgwqK Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK MíKv‡ii) A‡bK cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q|
wK‰‧ H mg‡q Zuv‡ì iPbv m„wó K‡i‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Zï Ggb GK aviv †hLv‡b
ivRbxwZ Rxe‡bi Ic‡i †P‡c e‡m bv, wkím„wói AvZ¥¤¢wiZv Rxe‡bi †Kv‡bv Ask‡K †Qu‡U
†d‡j †`q bv| Rxeb Rxe‡bi g‡Zv K‡i ùvovq| M‡íi PwiÎ‡ì †Pbv hvq Avcb gvbyl
wn‡m‡e|
lv‡Ui `k‡Ki ïi ‡Z G‡m †MvUv cwiw¯ wZB e`‡j †Mj| G‡`‡ki mvgvwRK BwZnvm
hviv Rv‡bb, hviv cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb †mB mgq‡K Zv‡ì Kv‡Q GUv bZzb †Kv‡bv K_v bq †h,
bZzb we‡Ëi cÖ‡ek N‡UwQj ZLb Avgv‡ì mgv‡R; Zvi m‡½ G‡mwQj †K¬` I Kvwjgv|
bvMwiK PvKwPK¨ G‡mwQj ZLb †mB Av‡jv †Pv‡L AvOyj w`‡q †`wL‡q w`‡qwQj GB †`‡ki
nvRvi nvRvi MÖv‡gi AÜKvi‡K †mB AÜKvi ms¯‥v‡ii, •el‡gïI| cy‡iv `kK Ry‡o mgv‡Ri
†fZ‡i cÖMwZ I cÖwZwµqvi Ø‱Ø ZxeªZi n‡q D‡VwQj| Pvwiw`‡K AvcvZ wbðjZv, Avevi
†fZ‡i †fZ‡i cwieZ©b| GKUv RvwZ Zvi AvMvgxw`‡bi ¯^c′‡K ey‡K wb‡q †R‡M D‡VwQj|
RvwZi †mB wbg©vY GKB m‡½ †g․b K‡i w`w‪Qj GB RvZxqZvev`x wP‰‭vi g‡a¨ †h Am½wZ
A‡Q, †h •elg¨ Av‡Q, †h wbcxob I cwieZ©bnxbZvi exR jyKv‡bv Av‡Q| GZUv ¯^we‡ivax,
Ø‱Øvi³ mg‡qi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`‡ki KL‡bvB AwZµg K‡iwb|
mg‡qi †fZ‡i Dcw¯ Z GB Ø‱ØB lv‡Ui `k‡Ki K_vmvwnZ¨‡K fvM K‡i w`j wZb
fv‡M| ci¯úiwe‡ivax wbM©í m~²Zv I RxebNwbô FRy mvnwmKZv, †Rv‡jv Kvwnbxwe¯‭v‡ii
GKwU avivI †R‡M _vKj GB `yB †mªv‡Zi gvSLv‡b| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †Mvov‡Z mvwnZ¨v½‡b
cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, Avng` Qdv, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq`,
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm, ev‡iK Ave`yjøvn, AvjgMxi ingvb, ûgvq~b Kvwì, ûgvq~b †P․ayix,
gvngy`yj nK, ivnvZ Lvb cÖgLy | wbM©í m~²Zvi A_©nxbZv, g‡bvMn‡bi A‰‭‡j©v‡K cÖ‡e‡ki
AvZ¥¤¢ix cjvqbciZvi wecix‡Z nvmvb AvwRRyj nK, †R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë, AvLZvi ¾vgvb
Bwjqvm, gvngy`yj n‡Ki iPbv †h FRy mvnmx RxebNwbô M‡íi aviv‡K Zz‡j aij ZviB
DËim~wi wn‡m‡e ga¨-lv‡U Ô†QvUMíÕ bv‡gi wjUj g¨vMvwRb‡K wN‡i DVj GK bZzb cÖRb¥|
Kv‡qm Avn‡g`, kv‡Ki †P․ayix, wmivRDÏxb Avn‡g`, eyjeyj †P․ayix, c~iex emy †mB
cÖR‡b¥iB m`m¨| G‡ì M‡íi avivwUi cÖavb •ewkó¨ wn‡m‡e wPwýZ n‡Z cv‡i welq
wbe©vP‡b| e¨w³ G‡ì M‡í wew‪Qb′ bq mgv‡Ri cÖevn †_‡K| PwiÎiv Av‡ivwcZ bq|
ivRbxwZ Zv‡ì MÖvm K‡i †d‡j bv| Rxeb‡K Giv evB‡i †_‡K, `~‡i †_‡K †`‡Lb bv‭Rxeb‡K
Zviv ¯úk© K‡ib; ¯^v` †bb KL‡bv hv †bvbv KL‡bv hv mywgó| gvby‡li Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ GKB
m‡½ †h •ecixZ¨ Avkv I nZvkv; cÖwZ‡iva I Av‡cvmKvwgZv; wek¦vmNvZKZv meB D‡V Av‡m
Zv‡ì †jLbx‡Z| Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì M‡í-Dcb¨v‡m Avgiv †mB avivi, †mB `„wófw½i GKwU
cÖKvk †`L‡Z cvB| mykv‰‭ gRyg`v‡ii fvlv a‡i K‡i ejv hvq : Ò`ywU MíMÖ‰  ÔAÜ Zxi‱`vRÕ,
ÔjvkKvUv NiÕ `ywU wgZ K‡je‡ii Dcb¨vm; Ôwbe©vwmZ GKRbÕ, ÔRxeb hvcbÕ-G Kv‡qm
Avn‡g` Qwo‡q †i‡L‡Qb gvby‡li wewfb′ Zi½| nZ, AvnZ, welY′, jvwÃZ gvby‡li cvkvcvwk
`v½vevR, NvZK DMÖ gvbyl GKw`‡K g~j¨‡eva-nviv‡bv welY′ gvbyl, Av‡iKw`‡K webvkKvix
Ae¯ vb Zuvi mvwn‡Z¨ mbv³ Kiv hvqÓ| (mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi, ÔLÄ Rxeb I g„Zzï DrmeÕ,
†jwkcvm Av‡qvwRZ Kv‡qm Avn‡g` mgMÖ welqK Av‡jvPbvi g~j cÖeÜ; 30 gvP© 1993)|
349
GB Ø‱Ø †h †Kej wewfb′ ai‡bi Pwi‡Îi mgv‡e‡kB ¯úó Zv bq; eis Av‡iv †ewk K‡i mZ¨
GKB Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨ Zvi mnve¯ v‡b| gvbyl †Zv GB iKgB|
Kv‡q‡mi Mí-Dcb¨vm wb‡q Av‡jvPbvq GB avivevwnKZvi K_vwU †Kb D‡jøL Kiv
Ri wi? GB `xN© eY©bvi ci GB cÖk′wU †h †KD Zzj‡Z cv‡ib| DÌvwcZ nIqv LyeB ìKvi|
G‡Z K‡i Kv‡qm Zuvi c~e©m~wi‡ì †Kvb& cÖevn‡K GwM‡q wb‡q †M‡Qb Zv †hgb †evSv hvq,
†Zgwb †evSv mnR nq †Kv‡bv Kv‡qm Avn‡g` GL‡bv Ges AvMvgx A‡bK w`b a‡i wewkó n‡q
_vK‡eb| ga¨-lv‡Ui GB mvnmx FRy RxebNwbô †g․wjK iPbvixwZi GB avivwU ¯^vaxbZvi ci
Kvh©Z wbt‡kwlZ n‡q hvq| ga¨-lv‡Ui GB MíKvi‡ì cÖvq mevB-B †¯^‪Qvwbe©vm‡b hvb
Kv‡qmI e¨wZµg bb| Gi KviY Kx? mgv‡R weivRgvb Aw¯ iZv? bvwK Avkvf‡½i †e`bv?
ivRbxwZ †h gvbyl †_‡K wew‪Qb′ n‡q coj, n‡q DVj myweav jyÉ‡bi Ab¨Zg Dcvq ZvB wK
Kv‡qm‡K mwi‡q wb‡qwQj †jLv‡jwL †_‡K? bvwK e¨w³Rxe‡b wZwb †h cwiw¯ wZ‡Z wbcwZZ
n‡qwQ‡jb ZvB Zuv‡K †U‡b wb‡q hvw‪Qj Ab¨w`‡K?
Kv‡qm Avn‡g` I Zuvi mgmvgwqK †jLKiv hviv GKB avivi g‡a¨ wb‡R‡ì ¯ vcb
K‡iwQ‡jb Zuv‡ì A‡b‡KB Avi wd‡i Av‡mbwb| ïay ZvB bq, mË‡ii `k‡Ki ga¨-ce© bv
†ci ‡bv ch©‰‭ evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi GB avivq bZzb †jLK‡ìI Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB bv|
cÂv‡ki I lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †Mvov‡Z GB aviv‡K hviv †eMevb †i‡LwQ‡jb Zv‡ì †jLvi
cwigvYI K‡g Avm‡Z _v‡K| wecÖ`vk eo‬qv, myKv‰‭ P‡Ævcva¨vq, Avey mvC` Ry‡eix, wmivRyj
Bmjvg, Avn‡g` ekxi, Zvcm gRyg`vi, BmgvBj †nv‡mb cÖgLy mË‡ii `k‡Ki MíKviiv
wb¯‭i½ K_vmvwn‡Z¨ †`vjv RvMvb| Avi †mB mg‡qB cÖZ¨veZ©b N‡U Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì| wK‰‧
†mB avivi KZRb MíKvi AvR mwµq? c‡ii `k‡Ki Avi KZRb MíKvi‡K GB ZvwjKvq
hy³ Kiv hv‡e? GB ¶xY‡mªvZv avivwU‡K Kv‡qm Avn‡g` a‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb Zuvi ¯^ícÖm~ Kj‡g!
Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì Mí-Dcb¨vm †mB Kvi‡YB wewkó Zuvi mvwnZ¨v½‡b cÖ‡e‡ki mgqB †Kej
bq; AvR Zuvi wek eQ‡ii †ewk mgq c‡iI|
Kv‡qm Avn‡g` Zuvi wb‡Ri †jLv m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡Qb :
Òwb‡Ri †jLvi e¨vcv‡i me‡P‡q Am‰‧ó Avwg| †jLvi †P‡q †jLv wb‡q fvebvwP‰‭vq
mgq †K‡U hvq A‡bK †ewk| d‡j †jLvi msL¨v ev‡o bv| †jLv‡jwL wb‡q GZ eQi †K‡U
†Mj; wK‰‧ wjL‡Z em‡jB g‡b nq GB cÖ_g Kjg aiwQ, `vi Y P¨v‡jÄ †eva Kwi| †hb
wis‡qi †fZ‡i µzä luv‡oi mvg‡b g¨vUv‡Wvi| †h †Kv‡bv mgq IB Zx¶è wks‡q Avgv‡K
G‡duvo I‡duvo K‡i `~‡i Qy‡o †d‡j †`‡e|
wb‡R‡K GZ †h `yg‡o gyP‡o wbs‡o †kl K‡i †jLvUv wjLjvg †mB †jLvB hLb Qvcvi
ni‡d †`wL ZLb wb‡Ri A¶gZvi R‡b¨ wb‡Ri Ic‡iB ivM a‡i| †Kv_vq? †hgb K‡i
K_v¸‡jv ej‡Z †P‡qwQjvg Zv ejv nj †Kv_vq?
GB nj Avgvi †jLv‡LwLi A‱ìgn‡ji Lei| bv, wb‡Ri †jLv wb‡q w¯ iwbwðZ n‡Z
cvwiwb GLbI| mviv Rxe‡bI wK cvie?
Z‡e GKUv e¨vcv‡i Avwg wbwðZ, hZw`b †eu‡P _vKe, wj‡L †h‡Z n‡e Avgv‡K| bv
wjL‡j Rxe‡bi GZ †h Pvc, cÖwZ gyn~‡Z©i GZ jvÃbv, GZ Acgvb, †µva, N„Yv, nZvkv, K¬vw‰‭
, fv‡jvevmv, mva, ¯^c′, wek¦vm Gme aviY Kie wKfv‡e? Kv‡RB wjL‡Z n‡e Avgv‡K|Ó
(bwP‡KZvMY, Kv‡qm Avn‡g` mgMÖ, XvKv : gIjv eªv`vm©; c„. 197)
350
Rxe‡bi †h Pv‡ci K_v Kv‡qm Zuvi iPbvq Zz‡j Avb‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Kv‡qm m‰‧ó bv
n‡jI Avgiv †Zv Rvwb Zv‡Z wZwb mdj Ges Zv AvR Avgv‡ì mvwn‡Z¨ `yj©f, cÖvq
Abycw¯ Z| Av‡iv †e`bv`vqK, AwaKvsk Zi Y †jLK Zv Dcjwä‡ZB A¶g| GB iKg
eÜ¨v‡Z¡i g‡a¨ Kv‡q‡mi g„Zz¨, Zvi Abycw¯ wZ KZ ¶wZKviK Avgiv wK eyS‡Z cviwQ?
`yB.
Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì Mí-Dcb¨v‡m wZbwU welq, Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, wZbwU cÖZxK wd‡i wd‡i
Av‡m| G¸‡jv n‡‪Q †R¨vrm′v, mvc I †Uªb| †R¨vrm′vi cÖwZ Kv‡q‡mi c¶cvZ †Kej Zuvi
GKwU M‡íiB bvgKi‡YB wea„Z bq (cÖZviK †Rvmbv, Kv‡qm Avn‡g` mgMÖ, c„. 201-206)|
†R¨vrm′vi D‡jøL i‡q‡Q ÔA‰‭j©xb PLvPLxÕ M‡í (Ô†g‡qwUi N‡ii evB‡i AvKv‡k Puv` D‡V‡Q|
wf‡R wf‡R big †R¨vrm′v G‡m c‡o‡Q N‡ii †fZi|Õ c„. 16)| ÔweewglvÕ M‡í (A‡bK¶Y
c‡i ìRv Ly‡j †M‡j Av¸‡b †cvov `M`‡M NvÕi g‡Zv PuvÙv‡K wb‡q iwKe †mB †Lvjv ìRv
w`‡q gv_v †nuU K‡i Xy‡K hvqÕ| c„. 50); ÔAÜ Zxi‱`vRÕ M‡í (Ômviv gvV Ry‡o meyR †mvbvwj
avb MvQ GKUz by‡q †R¨vrm′v wc‡V wb‡q †hb †Q‡j‡K `ya w`‡‪QÕ c„. 53)| Ôwbe©vwmZ GKRbÕ
Dcb¨v‡m (ÔAv‪Qv e‡j Ni †_‡K †ewi‡q Gjvg i‡K| ìRv eÜ n‡q †Mj| m`¨ cvU-fvOv
Avwk Avwk my‡Zvi kvw‰‭cywi aywZi g‡Zv †R¨vrm′v|Õ c„. 88); ÔKzjKzj K‡i †R¨vrm′v XyKwQj
Ke‡ii †fZ‡i, Kvd‡b †gvov gv‡K Zvi †fZ‡i ïB‡q †`qv nj| †R¨vrm′vq mv`v aea‡e
Kvdb Av‡iv kv`v †`Lv‡‪Q, †c‡Ui Kv‡Q GKUz d¨vKv‡k ai‡bi jvj †QvcUvi Ici Avgvi
`„wó AvU‡K wQj|Õ c„. 95); ÔwbivwkªZ AwM′Õ M‡í (Ôiv‡Zi †ejv PuvÙv DV‡Z _vKj †ivR|
WvjWvi wU‡bi KvUv XvKwbi g‡Zv aviv‡jv Puv‡ì Mv †_‡K wVK‡i cov †R¨vrm′v wekvj k~b¨
gvV Ry‡o †Kvg‡i `yÕnvZ †i‡L eyK wPwZ‡q fvwi An¼vix nvwm nvm‡Z _v‡K; c„. 174)| Ges
Ôw`bhvcbÕ Dcb¨v‡m (ÔAvKvk-fvOv †R¨vrm′vq †Lvjv Rvbvjvi evB‡ii †cqvivMv‡Qi Qvqv G‡m
c‡o‡Q weQvbvi Dc‡i|Õ c„. 245)| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv iPbv hLb cybwj©wLZ n‡q‡Q ZLbI wK‰‧
Kv‡qm Avn‡g` †R¨vrm′vi eY©bv‡K ev` †`b bv| D`vniY wn‡m‡e ÔwbivwkªZ AwM′Õ/ ÔdRi
Avjxi MíÕ-Gi K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| Kv‡q‡mi †R¨vrm′vi eY©bv‡K hw` inm¨gq iv‡Zi GKwU
aib wn‡m‡e †`wL Z‡e Avgiv Zvi m‡½ hy³ Ki‡Z cvwi ÔgnvKv‡ji LuvovÕ M‡íi GKwU
eY©bv‡K; Òmy‡i‡bi gv_vi †fZ‡i †gN Avi Puv‡ì †Ljv P‡j| GKevi Av‡jv nq GKevi
Svcmv nq| A‡±ve‡ii Kzqvkvgq ivwÎ‡Z AvKv‡ki Puv`wU †Kv_vq Av‡Q gv_vi Ici
euvkevMv‡bi QvDwbi wb‡P †_‡K †`Lv hvq bv; ïay GKUz gqjv gqjv Av‡jv AÜKv‡ii m‡½
wg‡j bó wW‡gi g‡Zv †Nvjv n‡q Av‡Q Pvicv‡kÓ c„. 128)|
Kv‡qm Avn‡g` †Kb evievi †R¨vrm′vi GB eY©bv Avgv‡ì Dcnvi †`b? GwK †KejB
†jL‡Ki †R¨vrm′vi cÖwZ GK ai‡bi c¶cvZ bvwK Zv Avm‡j cÖZxKx Dc¯ vcbv inm¨gqZvi?
gvbePwi‡Îi g‡a¨ Av‡jv-Auvavwii †h †Ljv, †R¨vrm′vi cøve‡b ev Av‡jvi eb¨vq †h †Ljv Av‡iv
†ewk K‡i †gvngq n‡q I‡V ZvB wK Kv‡qm Avn‡g`‡K cÖjyä K‡i †R¨vrm′vi Kv‡Q †h‡Z?
cÖ‡Z¨KwU †¶‡Î †R¨vrm′vi eY©bv Avgv‡ì H Pwi‡Îi g‡bi †fZ‡i R‡g IVv †e`bvi m‡½
cwiwPZ Kivq, †h †`vjvP‡j PwiÎwU ZLb Kígvb Zv mÂvwiZ K‡i †`q Avgv‡ì †fZ‡i|
gvby‡li g‡bi †PvivKzVywi‡Z cÖ‡e‡ki GB GK Abb¨ ìRv Kv‡qm Avn‡g` Avwe®‥vi K‡ib|
GB cÖZx‡Ki eënvi weij ev e¨wZµgx bq| AmsL¨ D`vniY †`qv hv‡e| Zv m‡Ë¡I bZzb
e¨Äbv jvf K‡i Zv Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì M‡í| †R¨vrm′vi ¯^í¯ vwq‡Z¡i cÖm½wU nq‡Zv Avgiv
351
g‡b Ki‡Z cvwi| †Kbbv Kv‡q‡mi eëüZ Av‡iKwU cÖZxK gvby‡li Rxe‡bi ¯^í¯ vwqZ¡ I
MwZgqZvi cÖwZ Avgv‡ì g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i|
†mB cÖZxKwU nj †Uªb| Kv‡q‡mi Mí-Dcb¨v‡m me©vwaK eëüZ GB cÖZxKwU| cÖvq
mKj Mí-Dcb¨v‡mB cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e †Uª‡bi Dcw¯ wZ Abyf~Z nq| ÔAÜ Zxi‱`vRÕ
MÖ‡‰ i A‰‭j©xb PLvPLx, hvÎv, LÄ †iv‡` kvwjK dwos, AÜ Zxi‱`vR I M‰‭e¨ M‡í †Uª‡bi
cÖm½ G‡b‡Q|
A‰‭j©xb PLvPLxÕ‡Z cëz †ijjvB‡bi cv‡k e‡m, kKz‡bi g‡Zv hLb ScSc AÜKvi
bvg‡Q ZLb A‡c¶v K‡i †Uª‡bi (c„. 19); fq Ges Aw¯ i Pvc D‡ËRbvgq †K․Z‚nj wb‡q
Zvi A‡c¶v| ÔhvÎvÕ M‡íi bvgnxb bvq‡Ki m‡½ Avgv‡ì cwiPq N‡U †÷k‡b, †Uªb †_‡K
bvgvi ci (c„. 23) Ges †kl ch©‰‭ †m P‡j hvq GK ARvbv M‰‭‡e¨ A_ev AZj Mn″‡i| ÔLÄ
†iv‡` kvwjK dwosÕ M‡íi X¨v½v bvqK A‡c¶v K‡i †ijjvB‡bi av‡i| Wy‡i kvwo-civ
†g‡qwU‡K hLb †m Kv‡Q †U‡b †bq, Zvici Dc‡i D‡V c‡o Ges hLb †g‡qwUi wbtk¦v m eÜ
n‡q Avm‡Q ZLb †g‡qwU †Ui cvq ÔS‡oi †e‡M GKUv †Uªb †ewi‡q hv‡‪QÕ (c„. 36)| ÔAÜ
Zxi‱`vRÕ M‡íi m¸, bvo‬ I Ab¨vbïv †ijjvB‡bi av‡i e‡m _v‡K weRq No‬B‡K gvievi
R‡b¨‭†h †Uª‡b K‡i evwo wdi‡e| ÔwbivwkªZ AwM′Õ/ÔdRi Avjxi M‡íÕ dRi Avjx‡K ¯§„wZi
g‡a¨ †U‡b wb‡q hvq †Uª‡bi GKwU Zxeª ûBwmj (c„. 208)| Ôwbe©vwmZ GKRbÕ Dcb¨v‡mi
bvqK †LvKv AwRZ‡K Lyb K‡i †ijiv¯‭vi Dc‡i (c„. 94); Avi †mB NUbvB Zvi Rxeb‡K
e`‡j †`q A‡bKvs‡k| ÔjvkKvUv NiÕ MÖ‡‰ i Ô`yB Mvq‡Ki MíÕ-†ZI Avgiv †Uª‡bi D‡jøL cvB
GKvwaKevi (c„. 139)|
†Uªb wK MwZgqZvi Abyl½ wn‡m‡e G‡m‡Q, bvwK Zvi A¯ vwq‡Z¡i R‡b¨? A_ev Avgiv
wK ej‡Z cvwi †h, †UªbjvBb Avi Zvi Pvicv‡ki Rbc‡` hvB NUzK, †Uª‡b Pj‡Q| gvby‡li
Rxeb GB iKgB engvb| †mLv‡b ¶z`ª ¶z`ª NUbv AmsL¨ wKQy cÖengvb Rxe‡b Kv‡iv
Dcw¯ wZ-Abycw¯ wZB welq bq| Rxe‡bi G engvbZvi g‡a¨ GK ai‡bi iƒp ev¯‭eZv Av‡Q,
Av‡Q GK ai‡bi †e`bv| ev¯‭e I †e`bv‡K GB cÖZx‡Ki †fZ‡i Kv‡qm wb‡q Avm‡Z
PvBwQ‡jb Ggb GKwU e¨vL¨v †Zv nvwRi Kiv hvq|
Z…Zxq cÖZxKwUi eënvi cÖ_g `y‡Uvi g‡Zv Dchy©cwi bq| Z‡e Rxeb-g„Zzï mwÜ¶‡Y
†m G‡m ùvovq| Zv nj mvc| ÔA‰‭j©xb PLvPLxÕi bvqK cëz mc©`sk‡b g„ZzëiY K‡i (c„.
22) ÔAÜ Zxi‱`vRÕ M‡í cPv †`L‡Z cvq GKUv gqvj mvc †R¨vrm′vi M‡Z©i †fZ‡i Xy‡K
hv‡‪Q (c„. 53)| Ô†Mvcvj Kvgv‡ii Z‡jvqviÕ M‡íi †Mvcvj Mfxi iv‡Z Zvi bvwZi R‡b¨
Z‡jvqvi evwb‡q †divi c‡_ ïb‡Z cvq ÒK i i i i i iP‱`ª‡evov mvc WvK‡Q †Kv_vIÓ (c„.
195)| GUvI j¶ Kievi welq Kv‡qm KZ h‡Z′i m‡½ mv‡ci eY©bv w`‡‪Qb : Ò...cëz †mB
Avbvim Avi evmKe‡bi cv‡k ùvwo‡q †ijjvB‡bi w`‡K ZvwK‡q _v‡K, Kvb cv‡Z †Kvb †Uªb
Avmvi kã n‡‪Q wKbv, †`‡L wj wj Ki‡Z _vKv †ijjvBb SKgK Ki‡Q| Zvi Icv‡i bxj‡P
a~mi w¯ i wbmM©‡iLv Ges Szu‡K _vKv AvKvk : Avi ZLb wnm-m kã nq Ges cv‡qi Dci
nvIqv Ges wPwoK& K‡i IVv R¡vjv Abyfe Ki‡j †m †PvL wdwi‡q †`L‡Z cvq kix‡ii Aa©vsk
Zz‡j wekvj dYv wb‡q `yj‡Q Zvi mvg‡b, gy‡Li †fZi †_‡K mi  my‡Zvi g‡Zv wRf Lye `ª Z
Avmv-hvIqv Ki‡Q, `y‡e©va¨ DwéKvUv g¨vUg¨v‡U kix‡ii Dci m~‡h©i Av‡jvq Ac~e© wefv
PgKv‡‪Q, cëz bo‡Z cvij bv, wb‡Ri cv‡qi w`‡K ZvKv‡Z cvij bv, Zvi `„wómxgvi g‡a¨
†Kej Avíbv AuvKv Kz‡jvi g‡Zv wekvj dYv, cÖvq wN‡q i‡Oi PKP‡K Mjv, †cU, KzÊjx
352
cvKv‡bv g¨vUg¨v‡U i‡Oi wbg′vsk, cÖmvwiZ dYv Ges †Vuv‡Ui Dci m~h©v‡jv‡Ki weKxY©
nxiK`y¨wZ wb‡q †`v`yj¨gvb †mB AnsKvix ivRKxq fw½ Zv‡K m‡¤§vwnZ K‡i †d‡jÓ (c„. 22-
23)| mvc Zvi wnsmªZv I LjZv wb‡q wbtk‡ã M‡íi gvSLv‡b G‡m ùvovq| gvby‡li g‡a¨
jyKv‡bv wnsmªZvi, LjZvi, AwbðqZvi cÖwZf~ wn‡m‡e? nq‡Zv ZvB| nq‡Zv bq| Z‡e Zvi
wbtkã, AK¯§vr wK‰‧ †gvo-†div‡bv Dcw¯ wZ‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv LyeB `yiƒn|
wZb.
Kv‡qm Avn‡g` Zuvi Ô†Mvcvj Kvgv‡ii Z‡jvqviÕ M‡íi ïi  K‡i‡Qb GBfv‡e : ÒG Kvwnbx
LyeB cwiwPZ, GKv‰‭ mv`vgvUv| Zey G gvby‡li Kvwnbx gvby‡li Kvwnbx KL‡bv cyi‡bv nq bvÓ
(c„. 182)| Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì Mí-Dcb¨v‡mi gg©e¯‧wU GB †QvÆ `y‡Uv ev‡K¨B aiv c‡o
Av‡Q| Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì Mí gvby‡liB Mí Òhvi †fZ‡i aiv _v‡K gvby‡li Kvg, †µva,
•bivk¨gqZv, Riv, g„Zz¨, ¶zav, fq, ms¯‥vi, wek¦vm, mvij¨, `y‡Á©qZv, N„Yv, fv‡jvevmv, †e`bv
Ges msMÖvg wb‡q hyM-hyMv‰‭‡i RbRxebÓ (nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki Mí cÖm‡½ Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì
g‰‭e¨, ÔAb¨ Ae‡jvKbÕ Kv‡qm Avn‡g` mgMÖ, c„. 167)| †mB gvbyliv †hgb GKwU †kªwYi
A‰‭f©³y , wVK †Zgwb Zv‡ì i‡q‡Q BwZnvm‡eva| Kv‡qm Avn‡g` Zuvi iPbvq wbg′e‡M©i
(Subaltern class) gvby‡li †mB BwZnv‡mi †evawU Zz‡j ai‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| G †`‡k Avgiv
†h BwZnv‡mi PP©v Kwi Zvi m‡½ GB BwZnv‡mi GKUv weivU dvivK i‡q †M‡Q| ÔRMÏjÕ
M‡íi weòzc` PwiÎwU BwZnvm‡K †hfv‡e †`‡L Avgiv KZRb Zv †`L‡Z cvB? †mB BwZnv‡m
weªwUkkvm‡bi wei ‡× evOvwj Rb‡Mvôxi msMÖv‡gi m‡½ wg‡k Av‡Q wefv‡MvËi evnvb′Õi fvlv
Av‡‱`vjb, mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½v Ges ¯^vaxbZvi ci weivRgvb mvgvwRK Ae¯ v| weòzc` wKfv‡e
Zv †gjv‡‪Qb? RvZxqZvev‡ì m‡½ wbg′e‡M©i gvby‡li †mB BwZnvm‡K †g․b (Silence) K‡i
w`‡q‡Q ga¨weË †kªwY Avcb ¯^v_© D×v‡ii R‡b¨ wbR¯^ KZ…©Z¡ ¯ vc‡bi †jv‡f| G‡`‡ki
RvZxqZvev`x Av‡‱`vj‡bi BwZnv‡m weªwUkwe‡ivax K…lK-Av‡‱`vj‡bi BwZnvm ¯ vb jvf K‡i
bv gvby‡li G AvKv‫¶‫‬v‡K gy‡Q †èvi cwiKwíZ cÖqvm †_‡KB| Kv‡q‡mi M‡íi PwiÎ¸‡jv
†mB msMÖv‡gi DËivwaKvi jvf K‡i‡Q| Kv‡q‡mi †mB BwZnv‡mi avivevwnKZvwU Zz‡j a‡ib
Zuvi iPbvq| GBLv‡bB Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì BwZnvm‡eva Avi-`kRb †jL‡Ki †P‡q wfb′ Ges
Avcb •ewkó¨ mgy¾¡j| wK‰‧ GK_v bv-ej‡j Ab¨vq n‡e †h, Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì †mB
BwZnvm‡eva‡K bvov †`q Zvi nZvkv I Avkvf‡½i †e`bv| †h Kvi‡Y 1971 mv‡ji
¯^vaxbZvhy×‡K Zuvi m„ó PwiÎiv evievi ÔMÊ‡MvjÕ e‡jB D‡jøL K‡i‡Q| Ôe‱`x `ytmgqÕ M‡íi
bvqK evejy (c„. 30); ÔweewglvÕi bvqK iwKe (c„. 46-48); ÔcivYÕ M‡íi K_K MíKvi
wb‡R (c„. 113), Ges Ôw`bhvcbÕ Dcb¨v‡m wbevi‡Yi †e․w` (c„. 225) mK‡jiB Revbx‡ZB
GKvËi ÔMÊ‡MvjÕ| GBme Pwi‡Îi †kªwYMZ Ae¯ v‡bi g‡a¨ wKwÂr dvivK bv-_vK‡j Avgiv
nq‡Zv Gi GKUv wfb′ e¨vL¨v ùvo Kiv‡Z cviZvg| wK‰‧ wbg′weË †_‡K ga¨weË m¤ú`kvjx
mK‡jB GKvË‡ii NUbvewj‡K GK †Pv‡L †`L‡Qb †Kb? G K_v wVK †h, Avgv‡ì †`‡k
mvaviYfv‡e GB iKgfv‡e GKvË‡ii D‡jø‡Li GKwU cÖeYZv i‡q‡Q| Kv‡qm wK †mB
cÖeYZvwU‡KB Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb? bvwK Kv‡qm wb‡RI H aviYvi AbyMvgx n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb?
Ôw`bhvcbÕ Dcb¨v‡m g‡bv‡Zvl fv‡e, Òevev hZ VvÆvB Ki K bv Zvi ivRbxwZ wb‡q,
wK‰‧ me wKQyiB ¯‭i Av‡Q, GK mgq ag© wb‡q ivRbxwZ n‡q‡Q, a‡g©i wfwË‡Z GKw`b cvwK¯‭
vb n‡qwQj, †mB †gvn gvby‡li †f‡O‡Q, evOvwj RvZxqZvev‡ì wfwË‡Z ZvivB K‡i‡Q
353
evsjv‡`k| Gi c‡ii ¯‭iB †Zv A_©‣bwZK gyw³i cÖk′, GKgvÎ mgvavb mgvRZ‰¿Ó (c„.
244)| g‡bv‡Zv‡li GB Avkvev‡ì m‡½ †jLK †Kv_vq †hb wg‡k Av‡Qb| Zvi Avfvm
†g‡j, Bw½Z cvIqv hvq| wK‰‧ Kv‡qm Avn‡g` Ges Zuvi m„ó PwiÎiv Rxe‡bi g‡ZvB
AuvKveuvKv Ges †`v`yj¨gvb, AZGe cZvKvi g‡Zv GB e³e¨‡K wZwb Zz‡j a‡ib bv| Rxe‡bi
GB •ewPÎ¨ I •ecixZ¨‡K ¯úk© K‡i, †Q‡b, †P‡L Kv‡qm Rxe‡bi Mfx‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z Pvb|
Rxe‡bi MfxiZg †`‡ki w`‡K Kv‡q‡mi hvÎv Pj‡Z _v‡K|
Pvi.
nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki Mí wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q Kv‡qm Avn‡g` g‰‭e¨ K‡iwQ‡jb :
ÒPwi‡Îi g‡bvRM‡Zi Mfxi Mnb A‰‭‡j©v‡Ki we‡kølY nvmvb AvwRRyj nK Drmvnx bb, Zvi
j¶¨ wewfb′ Ae¯ vq gvby‡li me© AeqvweK AvPvi-AvPiY A_©vr Zvi msjvc Ges action-Gi
cÖwZ| Ges Gi gva¨‡gB Kx Abvqv‡m Aejxjvq †fZ‡ii gvbylwU‡K †U‡b †ei K‡i Av‡bb
wZwb| gvby‡li gy‡Li ûeû msjvc Ges Zvi wewPÎgyLx kvixwiK fw½gvi m‡½ hy³ nq cÖvmw½K
RxeR‰‧i AeqvweK Aw¯‭Z¡ Ges AvPiY, AvenvIqv, wbmM©, w`bivwÎi Av‡jv-Auvavwii P~Y© P~Y©
Detail-Gi gva¨‡g Jcb¨vwm‡Ki `„wó‡Z wZwb •Zwi K‡ib Zuvi M‡íi Aeqe| g‡b nq †jLK
†hb GB mg¯‭ wKQy‡K Amxg †K․Z‚nj wb‡q cÖZ¨¶ Ki‡Qb| G‡ì kvixwiK Aw¯‭Z¡, GgbwK
Zuvi M‡íi ewY©Z †iv`, ay‡jv, e„wó, kxZ‡K cvVK MÜ I ¯úk©mn Abyfe K‡iÓ (c„. 267)
GUv †Kv‡bv we¯§qKi e¨vcvi bq †h, nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki M‡íi †h •ewkó¨¸‡jv
Kv‡qm‡K gy» K‡iwQj Zv Kv‡q‡mi M‡íI mgfv‡e mgycw¯ Z| Kv‡q‡mi Mí-Dcb¨v‡m Zvi
cvwicvwk¦©‡Ki, cÖK…wZi GK ai‡bi wW‡UBj eY©bv Avgiv Lye mn‡RB j¶ Kwi| `yÕwU D`vniY
nvwRi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i `yÕ‡Uv Mí †_‡K :
1. Òwc‡Vi wVK wkiùvovi †fZi w`‡q mi  my‡Zvi g‡Zv GKUv eid-wng †mªvZ ax‡i ax‡i
Nvo †_‡K wcV, wcV †_‡K †Kvgi †cwi‡q G‡Kev‡i †kl gv_vq †b‡g hvq, Avi m‡½
m‡½ mviv kixi Ry‡o g¨v‡jwiqv R¡‡ii g‡Zv Kuvcywb, gv_vi †fZi cywj‡ki ey‡Ui
AvIqvR P‡j, nuvUz, †Kvgi, Kuv‡ai MÖw‰ ¸‡jv me Ly‡j Ly‡j c‡o †h‡bv †MvUv kvgy‡K
nvZ-cv, ao, gyÊy me Avjv`v Avjv`v K‡i †QvU GKLvbv ev‡·q f‡i wb‡q hvIqv
hv‡e|
ùvwo‡q _vKv kvgyi cv‡qi bx‡P D‡`vg Kvwgbx wPr n‡q c‡o Av‡Q| gv_v m‡gZ
GKcv‡k †div‡bv gy‡Li GKvs‡k wemª¯‭ Pz‡ji duv‡K weùvwiZ †PvL, Rivqy †_‡K
†ewi‡q Avmv beRvZ‡Ki nv‡Zi g‡Zv `yB †Vuv‡Ui duvK w`‡q cÖmvwiZ wRf, wekvj
Kv‡jv KvVv‡gvi Ici hyMj †g․PvK †hb, nvZ †b‡o †g․gvwQ¸‡jv GLbB Zvi w`‡K
†jwj‡q †`‡e Kvwgbx| kvgyi `yB cv gvwU‡Z e‡m †h‡Z _v‡K| Wvb cv‡q fi w`‡q euv
cv Zzj‡Z †M‡j Wvb cv‡qi cvZv, †Mvovwj, †Mvovwj †_‡K Ea″©vsk †cwi‡q nuvUz ch©‰‭
cyu‡Z †M‡j †m nuvmdvm Ki‡Z Ki‡Z euv cv‡qi Ici fi w`‡q Wvb cv Zzj‡Z hvq,
RyjvB gv‡mi LUL‡U gvwU‡Z cv fmfm K‡i cyu‡Z †h‡Z †h‡Z nuvUz ch©‰‭ G‡m †VK‡j
`g eÜ n‡q Av‡m| Pz‡jv †_‡K bvwg‡q ivLv `y‡ai g‡Zv i‡³ mi co‡Z _v‡K VvÊvq,
Zey mviv kix‡i Kzj Kzj K‡i Nvg PzuB‡q bv‡g| wRf, Mjv, ey‡Ki †fZi †KD GKLbv
KoK‡o gvo †`qv bZzb ïK‡bv MvgQv wewQ‡q †i‡L‡Q| gv_vi †fZi eyUciv cywjk
gvP© K‡i| MvQcvjv, AvKvk, gvwU wb‡q Pvicvk _i_i †Ku‡c D‡V `c K‡i wb‡f
354
hvq| fvix, Kv‡jv c`©vi Icv‡i bvMi‡`vjv †Nv‡i| kvgy †mB bvMi‡`vjvi cvqv
aievi R‡b¨ Ea″©gLy x jvd w`‡j Zvi `yÕcv-B gvwU †_‡K Dc‡o D‡V Av‡m|
Avevi MvQcvjv, w¯ i Rj, gv_vi Dci wecyj k~b¨ gnvKvk cv‡qi Kv‡Q wPr n‡q c‡o
_vKv weKU Kvwgbx †hb AÜKvi wm‡bgvn‡j Qwe †k‡l Av‡jv R¡‡j D‡V‡Q|
evB‡i †K †hb Kv‡K Wv‡K| Mi i Mvwo hvIqvi kã Av‡m| AvKvk Kuvwc‡q
D‡ovRvnvR †h‡Z _v‡K| Zvi fvix, M¤¢xi, RgKv‡jv k‡ãi †fZiI kvgy ey‡Ki
†fZiKvi gvKz Pjvi AvIqvR ïb‡Z cvq ¯úó| gv_vi †fZi meyU cà″wb Aweivg
ev‡R|Ó (c„. 70)
2. Òeuvw`‡Ki k~b¨ wPZvwU wN‡i gwjb‡ek RbK‡qK gvSeqmx WvBbxi g‡Zv gwnjv e‡m
Av‡Q, wPZvi Kvj‡P gvU‡Z †MvQv-†MvQv AvMievwZ, jvBbe‱`x †QvU †QvU †gvgevwZ
R¡vwj‡q †g‡q¸‡jv Kx †h †c‡Z Pvq ZvivB Rv‡b| b`x Ges b`xi Icv‡ii mwjW
AÜKvi †_‡K Kzqvkv gvLv VvÊv evZvm Avm‡Q| gv_vi Dci wekvj k~b¨ Kv‡jv
AvKv‡ki wb‡P Lvb `yÕ‡qK n¨vRv‡Ki Av‡jvq gaïvwÎi wbR©b k¥kv‡b GB gvbylRb,
g`¨cvb, R¡j‰‭ wPZv, Xv‡Ki AvIqvR, AviwZgM′ Zi ‡Yi b„Z¨, weKU `k©b WvwKbx-
†hvwMbx wb‡q b„gÊy -gvwjbx Kvjxg~wZ©, †ivMv wjKwj‡K Zvgv‡U cy‡ivwnZ, Zvi wmw×-
LvIqv jvj‡P †PvL| †hb GLbB †Kv‡bv Abvh©‡K wcV‡gvov K‡i †eu‡a G‡b †Zj-
wmu`y‡i PwP©Z Kiv n‡e, Zvici GB KzjMe©x cy‡ivwnZwU †èxi mvg‡b Luvov nv‡Z G‡m
ùvov‡e, †mB Luvovi Puv‡ì g‡Zv euvKv‡bv PIov PKP‡K cv‡Zi Ici AcjK `„wó‡Z
†P‡q _vKv GKwU †PvL AuvKv|
Xv‡Ki kã cÖej n‡e ZLb, Avi Luvov k~‡b¨ `y‡j DV‡j GKwU fvOv-dvUv cÖPÊ gwiqv
wPrKvi Xv‡Ki AvIqvR Qvwc‡q Pvicvk Kuvwc‡q †`‡e|Ó (c„. 100-101)
G `y‡Uv D`vni‡Y †Kv_vI wK nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki wW‡UBjm eY©bvi Qvqv †Pv‡L c‡o, we‡kl
K‡i nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ c‡e©i Mí¸‡jvi? nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki m‡½
Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì AvwZ¥K eÜbB nq‡Zv-ev cvVK‡ì g‡bi †fZ‡i GKevi nvmvb AvwRRyj
nK‡K †U‡b Avb‡e| Z‡e m‡½ m‡½ GK_vI ejv ìKvi †h, wW‡UBj‡mi cÖwZ Kv‡q‡mi GK
ai‡bi c¶cvZ me mgqB mnR`„ó| cÖK…wZi eY©bvq Kv‡qm eis nvmvb AvwRRyj nK †_‡K
A‡bK `~‡iB Ae¯ vb †bb| †mLv‡b Zuvi †PvL K¨v‡givi g‡Zv, Pjw‪P‡Îi fvlvq †hb K_v
e‡jb Kv‡qm Avn‡g`| Avevi `y‡Uv D`vniY nvwRi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i wfb′ `y‡Uv Mí _v‡K :
1. ÒMvQcvjvi duv‡K duv‡K, RwÛm †ivMxi g‡Zv d¨vKv‡k, µgvMZ wbt‡kwlZ n‡q
Avm‡Z _vKv ebZzjmx, wPw‪P‡o, Avk k¨vIov eb Avi wc½j Nv‡mi Mv‡q †j‡Þ _vKv
cÖvq dzwi‡q Avmv `ycyi †Kgb _g‡K Av‡Q, Mv‡Qi cvZv b‡o bv, Zvgv‡U i‡Oi Dcyo
n‡q _vKv wekvj mivi g‡Zv AvKv‡ki wb‡P †kl A‡±ve‡ii c„w_exUv Pzc K‡i Av‡Q|
Pvicv‡ki †mB VvÊv, ïK‡bv cvwicvwk¦©‡Ki †fZi Nvm, gvwU, MvQcvjv Ges †iv‡ì
mw¤§wjZ M‡Ü †m nuvU‡Z _v‡K| †QvÆ QvwZg Mv‡Qi cv‡k GKvKx euvkSv‡oi wb‡P euvk
Ges Zvi cvZvi duvK w`‡q wi wi K‡i Avm‡Z _vKv m~h©iwk¥ G‡m co‡Q Pvicv‡k
Qov‡bv ïK‡bv euvkcvZvi Dci, Avi †mB G‡jv‡g‡jv Qov‡bv cvZvi duv‡K GKUv
giv, ïwK‡q Avgwm n‡q hvIqv e¨vO‡K Pvi cv Zz‡j c‡o _vK‡Z †`‡L †m _g‡K
ùvovq, giv ïK‡bv LUL‡U Kvj‡P n‡q hvIqv e¨v‡Oi me© Aeq‡e m~‡h©i Av‡jv c‡o
355
A ¢yZ †`Lv‡‪Q| g„Z e¨vOwUi †mB fw½i g‡a¨ wbi cvq GKUv AvKzj evmbv w¯ i n‡q
Av‡Q fve‡Z wM‡q Pvicv‡ki gM′ PivP‡ii g‡Zv fxlY welY′ n‡q hvq †m|Ó (c„. 22)
2. Ò†ijjvB‡bi av‡i Lv‡ì Ici bywo KuvKigq c_Uv Ry‡o †ek LvwbKUv Qvqv c‡o|
MvQUvi Wv‡b-euv‡k Avkk¨vIov, ebZzjmx, wPw‪P‡i Avi AvK‡‱ì †QvU †QvU †Svc
iveYjZvq Rov‡bv †eu‡U Kzj MvQ by‡q Av‡Q †mB Mv‡Qi †fZi KLbI `yM©v-UzbUzwb
b‡o I‡V, KZ‡ej Mv‡Qi †Mvovq wK AvK‡‱ì †Sv‡ci †fZi †cvKvgvKo Lyu‡R Lvq
GKwU wK `ywU kvwjK| nq‡Zv GKUv wd‡o nVvr K‡i D‡o wM‡q †UwjMÖv‡di Zv‡i
e‡m †`vj Lvq| gv‡Vi w`K †_‡K nq‡Zv GKUv dwos-Gi SuvK `yÕGKevi cvK †L‡q
GKw`‡K P‡j hvq, Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †_‡K dzwZ©evR †KD nq‡Zv Lv‡ì cvwb QyuB QyuB
Kjgxi WMvq Pvb ïi  K‡i †`q Avi RvqMvUv Mv Gwj‡q †Ìqv Avjm¨ wb‡q †h‡bv
nvB Zzj‡Z Zzj‡Z Gme †`‡L cÕ‡o cÕ‡o|
†Uªb G‡j RvqMvUvq Kuvcb Rv‡M| kvwjKUv D‡o hvq, `yM©v-UzbUzwbUv‡K Lyu‡R cvIqv
hvq bv †Kv_vI, dwos-Gi SuvK gv‡Vi AviI †fZ‡i P‡j hvq! wd‡OUv †UwjMÖv‡di
Zv‡i e‡m †jR †`vjvq|Ó (c„. 22)
Kv‡qm Avn‡g` Zuvi †QvUM‡í cÖK…wZi GB eY©bvq D`vin¯‭| wK‰‧ we¯§qKifv‡e Zuvi `y‡Uv
Dcb¨v‡mB wZwb Zuvi PwiÎ¸‡jv‡K Dc¯ vcb K‡ib †mvRvmvÞvfv‡e| Zuvi Dcb¨v‡m AmsL¨
PwiÎ nvwRi _v‡K e‡U, wK‰‧ †Kv‡bv PwiÎB †hb RvqMv `Lj K‡i bv| PwiÎ¸‡jv c~Y©Zv cvq
Kvwnbxi g‡a¨ wK‰‧ cvV‡Ki g‡a¨ Pvwi‡q †`q Ac~Y©Zvi GK †eva| Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì
Dcb¨vm‡K Pwi‡Îi fvi eB‡Z nq bv| NUbvi †mªvZ‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvIqvi AwZwi³
PwiÎ¸‡jvi Avi †Kv‡bv `vwqZ¡ †bB| GKB m‡½ wW‡UBj‡mi cÖwZ c¶cvZ Ges PwiÎ¸‡jv‡K
ms‡¶‡ci Avei‡Yi g‡a¨ †X‡K ivLvi GB †h `yB cÖeYZv Zv‡K Avgiv Kx e‡j wPwýZ Ki‡Z
cvwi †jL‡Ki wØavMÖ¯‭Zv bvwK Zuvi GK ai‡bi †g․wjKZ¡?
Kv‡q‡mi Dcb¨vm `ywUi, we‡klZ Ôw`bhvcbÕ Dcb¨v‡mi PwiÎ¸‡jv‡K GBfv‡e ¯^ívqZ‡b
Dc¯ vcbv Avgv‡K cybe©vi ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Q nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ
MÖ‡‰ i wZbwU Mí‡K Ô†kvwY‡Z †mZzÕ, ÔLuvPvÕ I ÔRxeb N‡l Av¸bÕ| Aejxjvq †h wZbwU Mí
n‡q DV‡Z cviZ wZbwU Dcb¨vm nvmvb AvwRRyj nK eo wbg©gfv‡e †K‡U †Qu‡U Zv‡ì‡K
†QvUM‡íi Avw½‡K G‡b nvwRi K‡i‡Qb| G wbg©gZv wK Kv‡q‡mi Aw‰^ó wQj bvwK ZuviI
mnRvZ?
cuvP.
Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì K_vmvwn‡Z¨ Avgiv evievi g„Zzï D‡jøL cvB| ÔA‰‭j©xb PLvPLxÕ M‡í cëz
wbnZ nq mc© `sk‡b (c„. 22-23); ÔLÄ †iv‡` kvwjK dwosÕ M‡í Avgiv cÖZ¨¶ Kwi
AcwiwPZ GKR‡bi weK…Z jvk (c„. 36), ÔAÜ Zxi‱`vRÕ M‡í m¸, bvWy A‡c¶v K‡i weRq
NWyB‡K nZ¨v Kievi R‡b¨ (c„. 52); ÔM‰‭e¨Õ M‡íi m~Pbvq myLbjvj †fvi‡ejvB Zvi ìRvq
Avwe®‥vi K‡i GKwU weK…Z g„Z‡`n (c„. 64); Zvici NUbvaviv K¬vB‡g‡· †cu․Qy‡j Avgiv
†`L‡Z cvB kvgy cyKz‡ii cv‡o Mv‡Qi Avov‡j Kvwgbx‡K al©Y K‡i nZ¨v K‡i‡Q (c„. 69)|
Ôwbe©vwmZ GKRbÕ Dcb¨v‡m †h PviwU g„Zzï gy‡LvgywL n‡Z nq Avgv‡ì Zvi g‡a¨ wZbwUB
A¯^vfvweK : †LvKvi eo fvBÕi, †LvKvi gvÕi Ges AwR‡Zi g„Zz¨| †LvKvi gv `y®‥…ZKvix‡ì
nvgjvq gviv hvb (c„. 94) †h NUbvq †evb b~ix nq jywÉZ; AwRZ‡K Lyb K‡i †LvKv
356
P‱`ªv‡jv‡K †UªbjvB‡bi av‡i (c„. 95)| ZviI Av‡M †LvKvi eo fvB gR`yi BDwbqb †bZv
QywiKvnZ n‡q g„ZzëiY K‡i (c„. 92)| Zvi jvk ch©‰‭ cvqwb Zvi cwievi| ÔRMÏjÕ
k¥kvbNv‡Ui Kvwnbx| †mLv‡b g„Zz¨ †hb memgqB Nv‡oi Dc‡i ùvwo‡q Av‡Q| Z`ycwi mgqwU
mv¤cÖ`vwqK `v½vi mgq| G‡ZI †hb †jL‡Ki g‡bvevÃv c~iY nq bv| M‡íi mgvwß N‡U
cv‡_©i g„Zzï ga¨ w`‡q (c„. 108)|
ÔjvkKvUv NiÕ MÖ‡‰ i ÔgnvKv‡ji LuvovÕ, Ô`yB Mvq‡Ki MíÕ, ÔMM‡bi wPwKrmv ZrciZvÕ
Ges ÔwbivwkªZ AwM′Õ M‡íi g„Zz¨ cÖZ¨¶fv‡e Dcw¯ Z; ÔbwP‡KZvMYÕ M‡í g„Zzï Dcw¯ wZ GK
ev GKvwaK g„Zzï †P‡q A‡bK †ewk ¯úó| ÔgnvKv‡ji LuvovÕ M‡í cwigj‡K nZ¨v K‡i
bKkvjxiv Zvi gv_vwU awi‡q †`q eQi `‡k‡Ki GK wK‡kv‡ii nv‡Z cwig‡ji ¯¿xi Kv‡Q
†cu․‡Q †èvi R‡b¨ (c„. 125), GKB M‡í fiZ †Kv‡ji †Q‡j my‡ib‡K AZ¨‰‭ wbg©gfv‡e
nZ¨v K‡i bKkvjxiv (c„. 130-31)| Ô`yB Mvq‡Ki MíÕ nwi`vm I AÜ RMb′v‡_i Kvwnbx hviv
†klvewa cywj‡ki ¸‡jv‡Z cÖvY †`q (c„. 141)| ÕMM‡bi wPwKrmv ZrciZvÕ M‡í Avgiv
†`L‡Z cvB Db¥v` MM‡bi Ki Y g„Zz¨ (c„. 160)| ÔwbivwkªZ AwM′Õ M‡íi bvqK dRi Avjx
mc©`sk‡b cÖvY nvivq, gievi Av‡M nZ¨v K‡i mvcwU‡KI (c„. 178)| ÔbwP‡KZvMYÕ
gyw³hy‡×i Mí| mi  GKUv ev_i ‡g AvU‡K ivLv †lvj Rb gvbyl cÖwZw`b cÖwZgyn~Z© g„Zzï
Avi Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ `yj‡Z _v‡K| Rxeb Zv‡ì AvKv‫¶‫‬v g„Zz¨ Zv‡ì ev¯‭eZv| Kv‡q‡mi
Ôw`bhvcbÕ Dcb¨v‡mi PvwiÎ¸‡jvi †h Rxeb Zv †Kv‡bv As‡kB g„Zzï †P‡q fv‡jv wKQy bq|
Zv‡ì Rxeb‡K mykv‰‭ h_v_©B e‡j‡Qb ÔLÄ RxebÕ (mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi, c~‡e©v³)
mykv‰‭ gRyg`vi Zuvi c~‡e©vwjøwLZ cÖe‡Ü Kv‡q‡mi K_vmvwn‡Z¨ g„Zzï GB cybt cybt
Dcw¯ wZi w`KwU we‡kl ¸i Z¡ w`‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| mykv‰‭ wjL‡Qb : ÒRxeb AvZ¥mvr
m‡Ë¡I Amg‡qi g„Zz¨ †g‡b †bq Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì PwiÎmg~n| †nvK mc©`sk‡b A¯^vfvweK
g„Zz¨, `v½v ev cÖwZev` Ávc‡b g„Zy¨ Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì mvwn‡Z¨ †j‡M _v‡K Dchy©cwi g„Zzï
Drme| hviv †eu‡P _v‡K Zviv Rxeb¥„Z, gb I gb‡b LÄ Ges AvZ¥cxoK|Ó Kv‡qm Avn‡g‡ì
K_vmvwn‡Zï GB •ewkó¨wU wPwýZ Kievi ci m½Z Kvi‡YB mykv‰‭ cÖk′ Zz‡j‡Qb : ÒK¨v‡bv
GB A¯^vfvweK Aw¯‭Z¡? K¨v‡bv Rxe‡b djevb m¤¢vebv †bB, Avi K¨v‡bvB-ev Rxeb‡K A_©en
K‡i †Zvjv `yiƒn|Ó GB cÖk′¸‡‪Qi GKUv DËi nj Rxe‡bi wbg©gZv| †h mgq‡K Kv‡qm
ai‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, mgv‡Ri †h gvby‡li K_KZv Kv‡q‡mi K_vmvwn‡Zï DcRxe¨ †mB Rxeb I
mgv‡R g„Zz¨ I LÄ-RxebB Rxe‡bi mvi K_v| mykv‡‰‭i fvlvq : ÒixwZg‡Zv Pwi‡Îi
gqbvZ`‰‭ Ges Zvi Ae¯ v‡bi KvUv-†Quov K‡i Kv‡qm Avn‡g` GB we‡ePbv cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q
Mw‪QZ iv‡Lb †h, Rxeb AvR kuvmk~b¨, Rxe‡bi Avewk¨K kZ© c~iYI `ytmva¨‭cÖwZc¶-`gb I
i³cvZ Qvov gvby‡li Rb¨ Avi wKQy eivÏ K‡iwb|Ó A¯^xKvi Kiv Am½Z n‡e †h, Kv‡q‡mi
M‡íi GB iKg GKwU cvV (Reading) Aek¨B MÖnY‡hvM¨| Kv‡qm Rxeb‡K †h wbg©gZv
wb‡q †`L‡Z †P‡q‡Qb †mLv‡b GB iKg GKUv e¨vL¨vwbg©vY †Kv‡bv A¯^vfvweK NUbv bq|
Kv‡q‡mi AvZ¥nb‡bi NUbvi (14 Ryb 1992) ci A‡b‡KB Kv‡q‡mi K_vmvwn‡Z¨
g„Zzï GB cybt cybt Dcw¯ wZi wfb′ Av‡iKwU e¨vL¨v ùvo Kivb : Kv‡qm Zuvi e¨w³K wbtm½Zv
I †e`bv‡K, Zuvi wbR¯^ g„Zz¨wP‰‭v‡K Zuvi Pwi‡Îi ga¨ w`‡q Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| GB `vwe LvwbKUv
wfwË jvf K‡i GB Kvi‡Y †h, Kv‡q‡mi K_vmvwnZ¨ Zuvi Rxeb-AwfÁZviB mvivrmvi|
Ôwbe©vwmZ GKRbÕ-Gi †LvKvi †fZ‡i Db¥j ~ wK‰‧ DØv¯‧ bq GK Rxeb‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB
Kv‡q‡mi Rxe‡bi NUbvewji m‡½ Zvi wgj `ywb©ix¶ bq| e¨w³-Kv‡q‡mi NwbôR‡biv Lye
357
mn‡RB GB wgj Lyu‡R cvb| ÔLÄ †iv‡` kvwjK dwosÕ M‡íi GKwU PwiÎ GKevi e‡j I‡V
Ògvby‡li givi R‡b¨ wK Kvi‡Yi Afve? †eu‡P AvwQ GB‡Zv †XiÓ (c„. 37), ÔM‰‭e¨Õ M‡íi
kvgy GK mgq g‡b g‡b GB iKg GKUv gZvgZ w`‡q †d‡j †h, Òg‡i †QvKiv fv‡jvB
K‡i‡P, kvjvi †eu‡P _vKvi k‡ZK R¡vjvÓ (c„. 67)| GB me wK e¨w³-Kv‡q‡mi KÉ¯î?
nq‡Zv ZvB| nq‡Zv bq|
GBme e¨vL¨v‡K A¯^xKvi bv K‡iI Kv‡q‡mi K_vmvwn‡Z¨ Dcw¯ Z g„Zz¨wP‰‭v †_‡K
GKUv cÖk′ Lye m‡½vc‡b Zz‡j Avbv hvq : GKRb †jL‡Ki g„Zz¨wP‰‭v wK Rxe‡bi cÖwZ GK
ai‡bi Abxnv, wbg©gZv I †¶vf †_‡KB †Kej Rb¥ †bq, bvwK Rxe‡bi cÖwZ cÖMvp fv‡jvevmv,
ggZv I `ytL †_‡K, †e`bvq `xY© nIqv †_‡KI Rb¥ wb‡Z cv‡i? Kv‡qm Avn‡g` wK †e`bvq,
Awfgv‡b Rxe‡bi cÖwZ GK Mfxi Uv‡b evievi gvby‡li GB Acg„Zz¨‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb?
wb‡Ri g„Zz¨‡KI wZwb †hfv‡e wbg©vY K‡ib Zv-I wK †mB Awfgvb †_‡K, Rxe‡bi cÖwZ
fv‡jvevmv †_‡K?
[ †jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, Bwjbq †÷U BDwbfvwm©wU, hy³ivóª| ]
cÖ e Ü
knx`yj Rwn‡ii Mí
Av e `y j gv bœv b •m q `
72 eQi eq‡m Zi Y‡ì †jLv Avi cov nq bv †Zgb| Dcvq †bB| Zey eQi K‡qK Av‡M
Zi Y‡ì wKQy Mí-Dcb¨vm co‡Z n‡qwQj| G‡ì Kv‡iv Kv‡iv bZzbZ¡ Av‡Q| GKwU welq
j¶ K‡i AevKB n‡qwQjvg, G‡ì A‡b‡KB •mq` IqvjxDjøvni avivevwnKZvq cyó I ewa©Z
n‡‪Qb| G‡ì g‡a¨ me‡P‡q hvi †jLv Avgv‡K wew¯§Z I Avkvw‰^Z K‡iwQj wZwb n‡‪Qb
knx`yj Rwni| G‡ZI GKUz Avðh© n‡qwQjvg, Avgv‡ì mgmvgwqK eÜz cÖvewÜK, Abyev`K
Ges Ab¨ eû¸‡Y ¸Yvw‰^Z nvqvr gvngyÌ knx`yj Rwn‡ii †jLv cQ‱` K‡iwQ‡jb| †h eBwU
Avgv‡ì `yR‡biB ci¯ú‡ii AÁvZmv‡i fv‡jv †j‡MwQj, †mwU n‡‪Q knx`yj Rwn‡ii MíMÖ‰ 
ÔWjy b`xi nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕ|
358
knx`yj Rwn‡ii cÖksmv ïwb wK‰‧ †ek Av‡M| ÔwkíZi Õ †_‡K Avwe` AvRv` cÖKvk
K‡iwQj Zvi Dcb¨vm †m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQj| wkíZi  cwÎKvi Dc‡`óv m¤úv`K wQjvg Avwg|
wK‰‧ IB eBwU hLb †e‡ivq ZLb Avwg IB cwÎKv †_‡K m‡i G‡mwQ, hwÌ bvg Qvcv n‡q
hvw‪Qj| cÖvewÜK-mgv‡jvPK-wkïmvwnwZ¨K Avngv` gvhnvi‡ì gy‡L IB eBwUi mybvg
ïbZvg| wK‰‧ GKBm‡½ •mq` IqvjxDjøvni avivevwnKZvi K_vI †kvbv †hZ| †m iv‡Z
c~wY©gv wQj bvgwUI •mq` IqvjxDjøvni ¯§viK| †m Rb¨ Avwg eBwU covi Lye GKUv Pvo
†eva Kwiwb| wK‰‧ Wjy b`xi nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ Mí c‡o g‡b n‡qwQj, IqvjxDjøvni cÖZ¨¶-
c‡iv¶ Dcw¯ wZ m‡Ë¡I knx`yj Rwni bZzb wKQy K‡i‡Qb| GLv‡bB Zvi ¯^Kxq K…wZZ¡|
•mq` IqvjxDjøvn Lye †ewk Mí-Dcb¨vm-bvUK †j‡Lbwb| Avgv‡ì Z`vbx‰‭b
K_vwkíx‡ì g‡a¨ wZwbB me‡P‡q kw³kvjx| Zvi avivevwnKZv AskZ •mq` kvgmyj n‡K,
AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡m, knx`yj Rwn‡i Ges Zi Y K_vwkíx‡ì ga¨w`‡q P‡j‡Q| •mq`
IqvjxDjøvni Mí-Dcb¨vm-bvU‡Ki wZjZg cÖfve †bB cwðgevsjvi K_vmvwn‡Z¨|
cwðgevsjvi Zvi eBcÎ wKQy cÖKvwkZ n‡jI wZwb †Zgbfv‡e ¯^xK…Z ev cÖPvwiZ nbwb| A_P
Zvi DÌvb I weKvk wK‰‧ cwðgevsjv‡ZB| Avwg Zvi mgmvgwqK K_vwkíx †R¨vwZwi‱`ª
b‱`x‡K GKevi KjKvZvq wR‡Ám K‡iwQjvg, IqvjxDjøvni †jLv wZwb c‡o‡Qb wKbv|
†R¨vwZwi‱`ª b‱`x Zvi bvgB †kv‡bbwb g‡b n‡qwQj| KjKvZv‡ZB †`‡LwQjvg myMfxi
cÖvewÜK-mgv‡jvPK †èxc` fÆvPv‡h©i AMva kª×v •mq` IqvjxDjøvni cÖwZ| GKevi wZwb
U¨vw·‡Z evmvq wdi‡Z wdi‡Z •mq` IqvjxDjøvni ÔPuv‡ì Agvem¨vÕ Dcb¨v‡mi bvgwUi
Amvgvb¨ GKwU `xN© we‡kølY K‡iwQ‡jb Avgvi Kv‡Q| wZwb ZLb iex‱`ªfviZx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
DcvPvh©| IB we‡ePbv †jLvi mgq wQj bv Zvi| Rvnv½xibMi wek¦we`¨vj‡q GKevi †èxc`
fÆvPvh© IqvjxDjøvn m¤ú‡K© GKwU fvlY w`‡qwQ‡jb| wek¦we`¨vj‡qi cwÎKvq Zv gyw`ªZ
n‡qwQj| †èx eveyi AbygwZ wb‡q †i‡LwQjvg| Avwg cÖeÜwU cybgy`© ªY Kwi wkíZi  cwÎKvq|
IqvjxDjøvn m¤ú‡K© GKwU c~Y©v½ MÖ‰  Avwg iPbv Kwi, Ô•mq` IqvjxDjøvnÕ
(1986/2001)| †mB AwaKv‡i Avkv Kwi G K_v ej‡j Aciva n‡e bv †h, •mq`
IqvjxDjøvn wQ‡jb bv mg‡ik emy| †Kb GK_v wjLjvg, †mUv c‡i ejwQ|
ZLb Avgvi mvg‡b knx`yj Rwn‡ii `ywU MíMÖ‰  knx`yj Rwni wbe©vwPZ Mí (2006) Ges Wjy
b`xi nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ Mí (2004)| G `ywU MíMÖ‡‰ i M‡íi msL¨v gvÎ 20wU| Zvi g‡a¨
ÔAvgv‡ì KzwUi wk‡íi BwZnvmÕ `ywU MÖ‡‰ B Av‡Q Kv‡RB GwU Rg‡e Av‡iv| ÔPZz_© gvÎÕ MíwU
Avm‡j Mí bq GKv¼ bvUK| Avevi IqvjxDjøvn ¯§iYxq| IqvjxDjøvn wKQy GKv¼ bvUK
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Z…Zxq MíMÖ‡‰ i iPbvKvj (GKwU Mí ev‡`) GKwesk kZvãxi cÖ_g/k~b¨ `kK|
359
knx`yj Rwn‡ii RxerKvj 1953-2008| eq‡mi wn‡m‡e, †jLvi wn‡m‡eI, wZwb
mË‡ii `k‡Ki| wK‰‧ Zvi cwiwPwZ N‡U †ek c‡i| Avw` MíiPbvi Kvj 1974 Ges Aw‰‭g
Mí iPbvKvj 2003| GB wZwik eQ‡ii e¨vß 18wU M‡í wZwb KZ cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb †mUv
wèv‡jv‡Ki g‡Zv ¯úó| 1974 mv‡j iwPZ Ôfv‡jvevmvÕ Ges 2003 mv‡j cÖYxZ Wjy b`xi
nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ MíÕi g‡a¨ A‡bK eëavb| Avevi Zvi Zver Mí †_‡K knx`yj Rwn‡ii
GKwU PvwiÎ¨B D ¢vwmZ nq mgv‡Ri A‡‰‭evmx gvby‡li Rxebhvc‡bi wPÎYB Zvi j¶¨|
ewnR©xebB A‡bKLvwb, ZviB ga¨w`‡q A‰‭‡j©vK hvÎv| G ewnR©xe‡bi cUf~wg evsjv‡`k, ïay
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GLv‡b Dc¯ vcb Kiv hvK| Zvi cÖ_g M‡íB †QvUM‡íi wjLbKzkjZv Zvi m¤ú~Y© ¯^vqË|
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evK¨ ÔDey n‡q Avmv Av‡e`vi †VuvU Zûivi Kcvj †QuvqÕ ch©‰‭ G‡Kev‡i Uvb-K‡i-euvav| gvÎ
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Avi I‡ì Kb¨v Zûiv GB wZbRb‡K wN‡i MíwU AvewZ©Z| gIjv I‡ì ew¯‭i cvb-
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†KD Av‡b bv, GKUv GKv‰‭ nj‡` i‡Oi Wvwjqv dzj| GB Wvwjqv dzjUvB M‡íi †K‱`ª|
I‡ì `vwi`ª¨gw_Z Rxe‡b GK we¯§‡qi g‡Zv Dw`Z nq| eY©bv Aí, wK‰‧ j¶¨‡f`x| ev¯‭
eZvi wPÎY : ÔZvovZvwo cvwb Xvjv wfRv Pzj¸‡jv I †Luvcvq ¸wQ‡q †djj| Auv‡ki g‡Zv
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360
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GjvwPs‡qi †cÖwgK myi Z Rvgvj, KweivR k¨vgvc`, ¯^Y©eëmvqx †R¨vwZf~lY `vm, •Zgyi I
mg‡Z©i KwbôZg cyÎ wgivR Avjx †P․ayix cÖgLy | cy‡iv MíwU GKwU mvnwmKZvq AvewZ©Z
cÖ_g M‡íi mvij¨ Avi Aewkó †bB GLb| M‡íi A‰‭we©l‡q Ges †jL‡Ki eY©bvqI GKwU
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Ac‡Póvi bvgv‰‭i| gv‡b, Gi †cQ‡b ivRbxwZ I iYbxwZ `y‡UvB we`¨gvb| ZvB Rwn‡ii
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`k©b, cvkvcvwk Zvi Av‰‭wiK cÖ‡Yv`bv I mxgve×Zvi mv‡c‡¶ GKwU Zzjbvg~jK Ae¯ vb
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Rwn‡ii M‡íi GKwU ¸i Z¡c~Y© w`K n‡‪Q Gi eûgywL A_©‡evaKZv, Z_v Gi
m¤cÖmviYkxjZv| Rwni M‡í hv e‡jb A_ev e‡jb bv, Zvi †P‡qI †ewk wKQy GgbwK m¤ú~Y©
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K‡i MíUv‡Z mwµqfv‡e Ask wb‡Z cv‡ib| hvi djvdj : M‡í Av‡m MwZkxjZv, †mB mv‡_
BgvwR‡bk‡bi h‡_ó my‡hvM _vKvq Zv n‡q I‡V cvV‡Ki g‡bvRM‡Zi wbKUeZ©x|
j¶Yxq †h, Rwni Zvi M‡í gyw³hy‡×i K_v ewi‡q‡Qb gnjøvi mvaviY gvby‡li gyL
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bqvevRv‡i †Mvjv¸‡jv, iv‡Z Kvdz©¨ Avi w`‡b ivRvKv‡ii ZvÊ‡ei †mB fxwZKi mg‡qi K_v|
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cvKAvwg©i †`vmiiv hviv evOvwj wQj, †mB myweav‡fvMx‡ì wei ‡× Rwn‡ii GKwU cwi®‥vi
Ae¯ vb i‡q‡Q| GB evOvwj nZ¨vKvix‡ì (ivRvKvi, Avj-eì, kvw‰‭KwgwUi m`m¨) ¯îƒc
D‡b¥vPb I Zv‡ì wei ‡× N„Yv cÖKv‡k Rwni m`v m‡Pó †_‡K‡Qb|
Rwni M‡íi cvVKgvÎB Rv‡bb Zvi †ek wKQy M‡í Ny‡i-wd‡i G‡m‡Q wRwÄivi ¯§„wZ|
Rwni Kxfv‡e Zvi M‡í gyw³hy‡×i cÖm½wU G‡b‡Qb †m Av‡jvPbvq hvevi Av‡M GB wRwÄiv
g¨vmvKvi m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv Ri wi g‡b KiwQ| wPUvMvs †_‡K cÖKvwkZ ÔK_vÕ bv‡gi
GKwU wjUjg¨v‡M †`qv mv¶vrKv‡i †m cÖm‡½ Rwni e‡jb
ÒwRwÄivq _vKjvg GKUv evmvq, PivBj bv‡gi GKwU MÖv‡g GKw`b _vKjvg, c‡ii w`b †ei
nqv Avm‡Z nB‡jv| wØZxq w`‡bi Lye mKv‡j cvwK¯‭vwb wgwjUvwi Zv‡ì Acv‡ikb ïi  K‡i,
wRwÄivi †Kv_vI eywoM½vi wKbviv †_‡K wgwjUvwiiv Mvb‡evU w`qv †Mvjv †Qv‡o| ...Avgvi
cwi®‥vi g‡b Av‡Q Avgvi gv Zvi `yB nvZ w`‡q eyK †P‡c Av‡Q AvZ‡¼, Ave″vi †Kv‡j Avgvi
†QvU fvB Avi Avgvi †Kv‡j Avgvi GK`g †QvU †evb| Avwg †`L‡Z cvw‪Qjvg gv‡Vi wfZi
w`qv †Uªmvi ey‡j‡Ui g‡Zv jvj ¸wj P‡j hvw‪Qj, cvwK¯‭vwb wgwjUvwi nq‡Zv ZvK K‡i ¸wj
QyowQj bv, wK‰‧ G¸‡jv duvKv ¸wjI wQj bv, gv‡Vi wfZi w`qv cjvqbiZ gvby‡li kix‡i
jvMvi g‡Zv K‡iB G¸‡jv G‡jvcvZvwofv‡e †Quvov nw‪Qj| Avgvi g‡b Av‡Q, †hw`K †_‡K
¸wj AvmwQj Avwg Avgvi †evbUv‡K †Kv‡ji Dëv w`‡K wbjvg, KviY, g‡b nw‪Qj Zvn‡j ¸wj
jvM‡j Avgvi Mv‡qB jvM‡e, Avgvi †ev‡bi Mv‡q jvM‡e bv| ...`ycyi ch©‰‭ Acv‡ikb Pjj|
Zvici Avgiv cybivq PivBj MÖv‡g †Pqvig¨v‡bi evwo‡Z wdiv †Mjvg| hvqv †`wL Ab¨
mK‡jI wdiv Avm‡Q| nq‡Zv `yÕGKRb‡K cvIqv †Mj bv| †mw`b ivZ KvUvqv ciw`b Avevi
XvKvq P‡j Gjvg, gMevRvi, bqv‡Uvjvq| m¤¢eZ GwcÖ‡ji gvSvgvwS mg‡q Avwg Avgvi
cwiev‡ii m‡½ MÖv‡gi evwo P‡j hvB| m¤¢eZ RyjvB-AvM‡÷ Ave″vi m‡½ Avevi Avwg XvKvq
Avwm, Zvici Ave″v wmivRMÄ wdiv hvb, wK‰‧ Avwg XvKvq GKv †_‡K hvB|Ó
knx`yj Rwn‡ii mv¶vrKvi, K_v (K_vmvwn‡Zï †QvUKvMR)
Mí-Av‡jvPbvq †jLK‡Ki mv¶vrKv‡ii GZ e„n`vsk †KvU Kiv †`‡L A‡b‡K wei³
n‡Z cv‡ib| wK‰‧ GB AskwU Avgvi Kv‡Q Ri wi g‡b n‡q‡Q| †jL‡Ki AwfÁZvi
PviY‡¶ÎwU Rvbv bv _vK‡j Zvi mvwnZ¨-`k©b I e³e¨, wKq`vs‡k mxgve×Zv †Kv‡bvUvB
†evSv m¤¢e bq| GLv‡b j¶Yxq : wKQyw`‡bi Rb¨ XvKv †Q‡o cvjv‡jI Rwni wK‰‧ hy‡×
hvbwb| Zvi fvl¨ g‡Z, bvbv Kvi‡Y hvIqv n‡q I‡Vwb, nq‡Zv hy‡×i AvKw¯§KZv I
AvKw¯§Kfv‡e Lye Kg mg‡q gyw³hy× †kl n‡q hvIqvq †mUv m¤¢e nqwb| Z‡e hy×Kvjxb
mg‡q GKUv eo Ask wZwb KvwU‡q‡Qb ivRavbx XvKvq| XvKv ZLb Aei × bMix| GB
Aei × bMixi K_vB G‡m‡Q Rwn‡ii †jLvq, †hLv‡b mevB AvUKvcov, MÖv‡g wK fvi‡Z
A_ev Ab¨ †Kv_vI Zviv cvwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡iwb, cvwj‡q †M‡jI wd‡i G‡m‡Qb Avev‡iv (wVK
Rwni †hgb K‡iwQ‡jb)| †mRb¨B nq‡Zv, Zvi M‡í gyw³hy‡×i †h eY©bv cvB, Zv Amnvq
nZwen″j, KL‡bv KL‡bv G‡Kev‡i AwZ `~i‡Z¡ †`Lv ¸‡gvU mg‡qi KnbK_v n‡q I‡V| Zvi
M‡í Ny‡iwd‡i Av‡m f~‡Zi Mwj, j²xevRvi, wRwÄiv, AvU‡Kcov gvbyl hviv K_v e‡j : †K
hy‡× †Mj, Kvi †Q‡j gviv †Mj hy‡×, †Kvb wn‱`yevwo cyoj ivRvKv‡ii Av¸‡b... GBme wewea
welq-Avkq wb‡q| Z‡e †hgbwU n‡q _v‡K, Rwni Mí e‡jb Mwmcxq X‡O, GKUz Nyic‡_,
wVK †Zgwb, gyw³hy×I Zvi M‡í G‡m‡Q GKUz Nyic‡_| Gme Mí‡K †m‡¶‡Î ejv †h‡Z cv‡i
gyw³hy‡×i cUf~wg‡Z iwPZ †cÖg, AvU‡c․‡i Rxebh‰¿Yvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡kxj kã|
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Rwn‡ii Av‡M-c‡i mivmwi hy‡×i Ici A‡bK Mí-Dcb¨vm †jLv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e
†mm‡ei †ewki fvMB mvwnwZ¨K g~j¨ we‡ePbvq GK-GKUv Ak¦wW¤^| KviY, †mLv‡b gyw³hy‡×i
KZK¸‡jv †Rbv‡ij wdPvi wVK K‡i M‡íi †mU-Avc †`qv n‡q‡Q| †hb, welqUv Ggb
ùvwo‡q‡Q, gyw³hy‡×i Mí gv‡b wKQy †ic, wn‱`y wbab, ivRvKv‡ii †`․ivZ¥¨ Avi `jgZ
wbwe©‡k‡l evOvwj‡ì Zxeª m¤§yLmgi| G‡Z hy×-hy× †divi Av‡M wVKB, wK‰‧ `vgvgv-evRv‡bv
i ×k¦vm Av‡m bv, cvjmUv †hb ¯^vfvwe‡Ki †P‡q Kg n‡q hvq| d‡j, †mme †jLvi
A‡bK¸‡jvB mr WKz‡g‱Ukb nq‡Zv n‡q‡Q, wK‰‧ fv‡jv mvwnZ¨ nqwb| Rwni nq‡Zv GB K_v
Dcjwä Ki‡Zb| Avi †m Kvi‡YB nq‡Zv wZwb gyw³hy‡×i K_v e‡j‡Qb wfb′fv‡e; A¨vcøvB
K‡i‡Qb wbZ¨-bZzb †UKwbK| Dcb¨v‡mi K_v Av‡MB e‡jwQ| Zv ev‡`, Avgiv hw` ÔKuvUvÕ
MíwUi K_v awi Z‡e GUv‡K Aek¨B gyw³hy‡×i Mí ej‡Z n‡e| †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv exiZ¡ †bB,
†bB †icwmb, Zvic‡iI mewKQy Kx iKg cÖZxK n‡q I‡V! Kv‡ji MwÊ †f‡O †d‡j Rwni P‡j
Av‡mb be″B `k‡Ki evewi gmwR` fvOvi ci wn‱`y‡ì Ici AZ¨vPv‡ii cÖm½wU‡Z| mg¯‭
welqwU GK m~‡Î †Mu‡_ ÔKuvUvÕq GKwU Afvebxq iƒcK ev GwjMwiK¨vj Mí Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb
wZwb| G‡¶‡Î Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q Zvi Awbw`©ó eqb-†K․kj I AwbðqvZ¥K Wvqj‡Mi
AvwaK¨hy³ bZzb GK fvlv| †hLv‡b †mvRv K_v †mvRv K‡i e‡jb bv wZwb, e‡jb Nywi‡q
wdwi‡q| KL‡bv Avevi †f‡O †`b NUbvi avivµg| G‡Z cvVK‡K m`vRvMÖZ _vK‡Z nq|
GKUz †ecy‡_v n‡j Zvi Ae¯ v n‡e †m iv‡Z c~wY©gv wQj-i g‡Zv| ZLb Puv‡ì inm¨gq
Av‡jvi Kvi‡Y Avmj mZ¨ e¨w³‡f‡` wfb′ n‡q †h‡Z eva¨| cvVK fve‡eb wZwb MíwUi
cy‡ivUvB ey‡S‡Qb, wfRyqvjvBR K‡i‡Qb| wK‰‧ Zv n‡e weå‡gi kvwgj (Rwni nq‡Zv wb‡RI
weåg •Zwii m‡PZb †Póv K‡i‡Qb)|
hv †nvK, K_v ejwQjvg Rwn‡ii M‡í gyw³hy‡×i welqwU eënv‡ii gvÎv-cÖK…wZ wb‡q|
wRwÄiv g¨vmvKv‡ii K_v A‡bKUvB G‡m‡Q Zvi ÔcÖ_g eqvbÕ MíwU‡Z| (Rxeb I ivR‣bwZK
ev¯„eZv, gnjøvi ev‱ì... GB Mí¸‡jv‡ZI wRwÄivi eY©bvI cÖvq GKB iKg|)| Z‡e GLv‡b
hv evowZ, Zv nj, mywcqv †eMg K¨v‡i±viwU, g~j PwiÎ Avãyi ingv‡bi m‡_ hvi m¤úK©wU †kl
ch©‰‭ Awbw`©ó †_‡K hvq| †_‡K hvq Ae¨v‡L¨q| gnjøvi †jv‡K e‡m-e‡m †Kej Pcj wK‡kvix
mywcqvi P‡j hvIqv †`‡L (Zvi dz‡ji Wvj †i‡L hvIqv †`‡LI) Zvi cÖwZ ingv‡bi †h we‡kl
AvKl©‡Yi m~ÎcvZ †mUvB M‡í g~j myi n‡q I‡V| Avi GB NUbv NUvevi Rb¨ Rwni †e‡Q
wb‡q‡Qb gyw³hy‡×i mgqUv‡K| mywcqvi mv‡_ ingv‡bi cÖ_g mivmwi K_vevZ©v hy× ïi  nevi
ci, wRwÄivq, †Kv‡bv GK AvwkªZ evwo‡Z| GLv‡bI mywcqv-ingvb m¤ú‡K©i aibwU wK‰‧
cwi®‥vi bv| Avi Gi KviY, Rwn‡ii Mwmcxq XO| gyw³hy‡×i mgqUv‡K h‡_ó †¯úm †`qv
m‡Ë¡I Avgvi †Pv‡L GB MíwU‡Z †kl ch©‰‭ †cÖgwelqK RwUjZUvB gyL¨ n‡q I‡V| GLv‡b
A‡b‡K, Avgvi eÜzRbiv GKwU cÖZxqKvqb Av‡iv‡ci †Póv K‡ib| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g‡Z, ingvb
hLb gnjøvq A‡bK Av‡Mi †Kv‡bv †K‡ivwmb evwËi LyuwUi †LuvR K‡i ZLb †m Avm‡j Zvi
†kKo A_©vr gyw³hy‡×i c‡¶ wdivi †Póv K‡i| wK‰‧ Ggb e¨vL¨vi wecix‡Z, cy‡iv e¨vcviUv
Avgvi Kv‡Q cyi‡bv †cÖ‡gi ¯§„wZKviZvi †P‡q †ewk wKQy g‡b nq bv| Avgvi g‡Z †cÖg,
¯§„wZKvZiZv, †mB mv‡_ `v¤úZ¨-RwUjZvB GB M‡íi †K‱`ªwe‱`y|
Avm‡j, mivmwi gyw³hy‡×i WKz‡gw‱Uªi g‡Zv, gyw³hy×‡K †MøvwidvB Kivi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv
Mí †j‡Lbwb Rwni| GgbwK cy‡iv Mí AvMv‡Mvov gyw³hy‡×i mg‡qi UvBg‡d«‡g ew‱` Ggb
M‡íi msL¨v gvÎ GKwU| †mwU nj : Ôgnjøvq ev‱ì, Avãyi nvwj‡gi gv Ges AvgivÕ| GB
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M‡í ev‱ì n‡q I‡V ivRvKvi, Avj-eì A_ev †m mg‡q jyUcvUKvix myweavev`xi cÖZxK| G
ev‡` Rwn‡ii Ab¨vb¨ M‡í gyw³hy× G‡m‡Q Zxeª SjKvwbi g‡Zv| Avevi KL‡bv KL‡bv Zv
†_‡K †M‡Q †µvgvK¨vbfv‡mi g‡Zv| Z‡e gyw³hy‡×i mg‡qi A‡bK NUbvB Rwn‡ii Kj‡g
wfb′ gvÎ jvf K‡i‡Q| Avi †mUvi †cQ‡b Zvi fvlv I Mí wbg©vY †UKwbK eo mnvqK wn‡m‡e
KvR K‡i‡Q| G‡¶‡Î ÔKuvUvÕ M‡íi wKQy LwÊZ Ask †KvU Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i
K¨v‡Þb hLb e‡j, K‡jgv e‡jv, ZLb G‡K-G‡K mK‡j K‡jgv •Zqev c‡o †kvbvq wK‰‧
GBw`b AveyeKi gIjvbv welqwU †kl cÖv‰‭ ch©‰‭ wb‡q hvevi Rb¨ cÖ¯‧Z wQj, †m cvwK¯‭vwb
wgwjUvwii K¨v‡Þ‡bi mv‡_ K_v ejvi ci e‱`yK evwM‡q a‡i `yRb wmcvB GwM‡q G‡m jvB‡bi
cÖ_g e¨w³‡K e‡j, jyw½ DVvI Ges ZLb jvB‡b ùvov‡bv gnjøvi Ab¨ †jv‡Kiv †`‡L, AvVvi
b¤î evwoi cvKv `vwoIqvjv Bw`ªm wgqv wKQy¶Y BZ¯‭Z Kivi ci jyw½ DuPz K‡i a‡i w`‡bi
Av‡jvi †fZi LvZbv Kiv wkk′ Db¥y³ K‡i Zvi cwiPq cÖgvY K‡i Ges gnjøvi †jv‡Kiv e‡j
†h ZLb Zviv Bw`ªm wgqvi †Pv‡L ïå `vwo †e‡q AkÖ  †b‡g Avm‡Z †`‡L|
GZ wKQyi ciI wK‰‧ mwµq mgq wKsev †Mwijv hy‡×i †Zgb †Kv‡bv Afvebxq eY©bv
Rwn‡ii M‡í Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Rwn‡ii M‡í cvIqv hvq bv hy‡×i †Uªwbs wb‡Z hvIqv
nvRv‡iv †Q‡ji AeY©bxq Z¨v‡Mi K_v| LvIqv-civi K‡ói K_v ev` w`‡jI †mmgq A‡bK
Zi Y †Uªwbs wb‡Z wM‡q cÖ‡qvRbxq A¯¿ I †bZ…Z¡nxbZvi †h fqven wPÎ †`‡LwQj, Zvi †Kv‡bv
wKQy Rwn‡ii M‡í Av‡mwb| Av‡mwb hy×Kvjxb mg‡q evOvwj‡ì K‚U-ivR‣bwZK Kg©KvÊ| Avi
GB Abycw¯ wZi KviY jyKv‡bv Av‡Q GKUz Av‡M D×…Z Zvi mv¶vrKv‡iB|
Rwn‡ii Szwj‡Z †h †mme AwfÁZvB wQj bv! Rwn‡ii mvg‡b hv wQj Zv nj,
AvU‡Kcov Amnvq evOvwj Avi Zv‡ì wbZ¨w`‡bi i ×k¦vm| cvK-nvbv`vi Avi e`y gIjvbvi
g‡Zv ivRvKv‡ii ZvÊe| †mB i ×k¦vm Dcjwä‡Z Rwn‡ii Aek¨ †Kv‡bv fyj nqwb| GKw`K
w`‡q ej‡Z †M‡j †m wel‡q wZwb Mvj-Mí duv`vi †Póv K‡ibwb| Avi hv‡Z m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb,
†Pv‡L †`‡L‡Qb, M‡í NwU‡q‡Qb Zvi m‡e©vËg wPÎvqY|
Z‡e GKUv welq Avgvi Kv‡Q e¨w³MZfv‡e Lye LvcQvov g‡b nq| ZLb †Zv †jvKgy‡L
e‡½vcmvM‡i gvwK©b iYZwi Avmv, Px‡bi mv‡_ cvK-AuvZvZ, e½eÜzi g„Zz¨ A_ev †eu‡P _vKv
bvbv wel‡q bvbvb K_v †kvbv hvw‪Qj| (Rwn‡ii ÔWygiy ‡L‡Kv gvbylÕ Mí‡K A‡bK we‡kølK
e½eÜzi g„Zzï AbyiY©b e‡j‡Qb m¤úv`K) Rwn‡ii Mí ejvi †h auvP Zv‡Z G welq¸‡jv‡Z
mn‡RB Avm‡Z cviZ| h‡_ó cwjwUK¨vj Iwi‡q‡‱Ukb Ges GZ †ewk ivRbxwZ-m‡PZb n‡qI
Rwni †Kb Zvi Mí‡K †`kxq ivRbxwZi MwÐ†cwi‡q Av‰‭Rv© wZK †cÖ¶vc‡Ui mv‡_ wi‡jU
Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv?! evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mgqKvi A_ev cieZ©x mg‡q civkw³‡ì K‚U -
ivR‣bwZK mswkøóZvi (n¯‭‡¶c) cÖm½¸‡jv G‡j Rwn‡ii Mí nq‡Zv Av‡iv •ewk¦K (†hgbwU
†`Lv hvq jvwZb mvwn‡Z¨) n‡q DVZ| (G cÖm‡½ •mq` IqvjxDjøvni ÔK`h© GwkqvÕ
Dcb¨vmwUi K_v g‡b c‡o, †hLv‡b Av‰‭Rv© wZK ivRbxwZi mv‡_ †`kxq ivRbxwZi mswkøóZvi
wPÎ Zz‡j aivi GKwU eo ai‡bi D‡`¨vM †`Lv hvq| Avgvi †Kb Rvwb g‡b nq, Rwn‡ii
AMÖw‰ Z A_ev cvÊywjwc AvKv‡i c‡o _vKv †Kv‡bv †jLvq Gai‡bi wKQy KvR _vK‡jI _vK‡Z
cv‡i|)
mew`K we‡ePbv Ki‡j, Rwni‡K Avgvi Kv‡Q g‡b nq, hy‡×vËi evsjv‡`‡ki
ivR‣bwZK-mvs¯‥…wZK †cÖ¶vc‡Ui (¯^vaxb-mve©‡f․g ¯^wbf©i evsjv‡`‡ki Avkvf‡½i) me‡P
kw³kvjx B‱Uvi‡cÖUi| Zvi M‡í hy×-cieZ©x mg‡qi ivR‣bwZK PvjwP‡Îi †h mwb′‡ek I
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wPÎgqZv †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq Zv GKK_vq AZzjbxq| †mLv‡b wbZ¨ n‡q I‡V hye‡Ki AvZ©bv`
(cvivcvi), ga¨we‡Ëi wbwe©ev` fÊvwg I welv`c~Y© GK‡N‡qwg Rxebh‰¿Yv (PZz_© gvÎv;
AvMviMuvI K‡jvwb‡Z bqbZviv dzj †Kb †bB), Av‡Q gnjøvi ivRbxwZ (GB mgq), Zv‡Z wcó
gvby‡li bvwfk¦vm BZ¨vw` Acivci welq¸‡jv| ÔB‱`yi wejvB †LjvÕ †h eÜ nqwb Zv wZwb GB
bv‡g Mí wj‡L Rvwb‡qI w`‡q‡Qb| MíwU‡Z ¶gZv ivRbxwZi bvbvb mg‡qi ¯‭‡ii wPÎgvjv‡K
aivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb wZwb| Avi G wel‡q Zvi g‰‭e¨ ev Dccv`¨ nj : Mwie ev ¶gZvnxb‡ì
gv‡b wejvB‡ì Ae¯ vi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b nq bvB, nq bv| M‡íi †k‡l wb‡Ri Revwb‡Z g‰‭e¨
Kivi g‡Zv K‡i ZvB wZwb e‡jb‭ÔGB †Ljvi †kl bvB, †L‡jvqv‡oi †kl Av‡Q, †L‡jvqvo
†LBj †Q‡o P‡j hvq, wK‰‧ †LBj Rvwi _v‡K| ...†Kej wejvBiv B‪Qv K‡i †Ljv †Q‡o †h‡Z
cv‡i, B‱`yiiv cv‡i bv; wejvB †Lj‡Z PvB‡j B‱`yi‡K †Lj‡Z n‡e|Õ ¶gZv-ivRbxwZi GB
Zvgvi-wel m¤ú‡K© Rwni GZUvB wbwðZ †h, ÔB‱`yi wejvB †LjvÕ M‡í GKwU weij NUbvi
eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb wZwb| †mLv‡b wZwb †h Zxi Qyu‡o‡Qb Zv‡Z gyw³‡hv×v‡ì †M․ie wKQyUv ¤øvb
n‡q‡Q wKbv †mUv wfb′ cÖm½, Z‡e Rwn‡ii Ggb `ytmvnm PgwKZ K‡i|
GB M‡í Rwni †Kej LwZRv‡K Zz‡j wb‡q wM‡q AvU‡K ivLvi K_v e‡j‡Qb| wbh©vZb
wKsev Ab¨ wKQy (?) †m wel‡q gyL Ly‡jbwb wZwb| wK‰‧ hLb wZwb LwZRvi gyL w`‡q ejvb
ÔAvjøvn Kv‡Q wePvi w`wQ| Avjøvq wePvi Kie|Õ ZLb welqUv A‡bKUvB cwi®‥vi n‡q hvq|
Avi M‡íi †k‡l hLb †`wL, kvgmyj Avjg †h wQj gyw³‡hv×v, mvgvb¨ gkvi Kvg‡o Zvi g„Zz¨
n‡‪Q, Avi gnjøvi †jv‡Kiv welqUv‡K wi‡jU Ki‡Q LwZRvi Awfkv‡ci mv‡_; ZLb Kx eje,
G‡Kev‡i evKi × n‡q †h‡Z nq| Rwni Qvov Gfv‡eB KwVb av°v †K w`‡q‡Qb?
Gfv‡eB Rwni Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb PvjwPÎ, Zv hZB iƒp †nvK| GK A‡_© ej‡Z †M‡j,
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i mZZvc~Y© w¯úwiU wZ‡j-wZ‡j bó n‡q hvevi K_vB †ewk e‡j‡Qb
wZwb| GB wel‡q GKUz AvMv‡Mvov †PvL †div‡Z PvB| cvivcvi-cÖ_g MíMÖ‡‰ i GB bvg-
MíwU‡Z Rwni ai‡Z †P‡q‡Qb m`¨¯^vaxb nIqv evsjv‡`‡ki hye-mgv‡Ri Avkvf‡½i
m~ÎcvZUv‡K| MíwU †h mg‡qi cUf~wg‡Z †jLv †`‡k ZLb GKw`‡K w`Kåv‰‭ fwel¨r hvÎv,
Ab¨w`‡K cvÄvwe Gwj‡Ui RvqMvq iO e`‡j e‡j Avm‡Q evOvwj GwjU| cÖej-cÖwZcwËkvjx
n‡q IVv GB be¨-ewYK‡ì nv‡Z kvixwiKfv‡e jvwÃZ n‡Z nq M‡íi g~j PwiÎ Iwj‡K| Avi
ZLb Iwj †hb n‡q I‡V Amnvq hyemgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa| Zvici GB AmnvqZ¡‡K †U‡b Av‡iv
G·‡Ubkb K‡i GB mgq ch©‰‭ we¯‭…Z K‡i‡Qb Rwni|
Z`‰‭Kvjxb cywjk Awdmvi Zvi †bvUeB‡q me Uz‡K †bq, Zvici †m hLb Gikv`
mv‡ne, gIjvbv Re″vi, gv‡jKv evby, †gRi Bwjqvm‡K welqwU m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám K‡i Zviv
e‡j †h, wZb fvB fv‡jv †Q‡j| ...| ZLb gnjøvi †jv‡Kiv c¨v‡‱Ui c‡K‡U nvZ ¸u‡R ùvwo‡q
_vKv wZb fvB Ges Ab¨vb¨ MY¨gvb¨ †jv‡Ki w`‡K ZvKvq, Zvi wKQy ej‡Z cv‡i bv|
GB mgq
†`Lv hv‡‪Q, cvivcvi-Gi wbh©vZb G M‡í G‡m we¯‭…Z n‡q‡Q Av‡iv Z…Yg~j ch©v‡q| n‡q
D‡V‡Q Av‡iv †ewk wbg©g; cÖvYNvZx| ZvB ÔGB mgqÕ-G G‡m Rwni‡K wjL‡Z n‡q‡Q, cvovi
gv¯‭vb‡ì (wZb fvB Avey, nvey, kwd) n‡Z wbnZ †gvnv¤§` †mwj‡gi bv‡gi GK wK‡kv‡ii
K_v| GKwU Amgeqwm wK‡kvi-hyeZxi †cÖ‡gi Uªv‡RwWi Avov‡j Rwni GB M‡í †h g¨v‡mRwU
w`‡q‡Qb Zv nj, ivR‣bwZK `ye„©Ëvq‡bi †lvjKjvc~Y© n‡q‡Q| KviY, ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax gIjvbv
367
Re″vi (Rxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯„eZvi e`y gIjvbvi G·‡Ubkb), Gikv` mv‡ne, gv‡jKv evby
Avi †gRi Bwjqvm, mevB AvR‡K MuvUQov †eu‡a‡Q|
GB D`vi I ga¨-Wvbcw‰  ivR‣bwZK avivµ‡gi cvkvcvwk evsjvq i‡q‡Q evgcw‰ 
Av‡‱`vj‡bi my`xN© BwZnvm| †mLv‡bI i‡q‡Q bvbv PovB-DrovB, ¯^c′-wefw³; I gwjbZvi
evwjqvwo| ZvB, †Kv_vI †Kv‡bv hvIqv †bB, †bB wd‡i Avmvi c_| Ôay‡jvi w`‡b †divÕq
welqwU a‡i‡QbI Rwni| MíwU‡Z hyMcrfv‡e GwM‡q P‡j‡Q †cÖg I ivR‣bwZK Aebg‡bi
BwZe„Ë| M‡íi g~j PwiÎ Avãyj Iqvwn` whwb wKbv GKRb mk¯¿ gvK©wm÷ wQ‡jb, †kl ch©‰‭
wZwb wbR MÖvg mynvwmbx‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb| Zvici, †QvÆ †QvÆ K¨v‡giv d¬¨v‡mi g‡Zv
A‡bK¸‡jv welq D‡b¥vwPZ n‡Z _v‡K| Avi M‡íi †k‡l, we‡ivax MÖ ‡ci nv‡Z Lyb nZ Avãyj
Iqvwn`| Iqvwn`‡K Lyb Kivi ci hLb NvZKiv evZ©v †i‡L hvq †kva wb‡q †Mjvg, ZLb
evsjvi Pig evgcw‰ ‡ì g‡a¨ g‡Zv‡f` I m‰¿vmx Kg©Kv‡Êi †h wPÎ Avgiv cvB, Zv †`‡L
Rwn‡ii ivRbxwZ-m‡PZbZvi me©cÖKvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| M‡í, Avãyj Iqvwn‡ì g„Zz¨K_v
wjL‡jI, GB bKkvwj wKsev gvK©wm÷‡ì cÖwZ Rwn‡ii GK ai‡bi Uvb Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nq
(cÖm½ e‡j ivLv fv‡jv, Rwni QvÎ BDwbqb Ki‡Zb, †gbb MÖ c)| †m Kvi‡YB nq‡Zv, Avgiv
†`wL, Avãyj Iqvwn` †MvjvcMv‡Qi mv‡_ wbqwgZ i wUb K‡i K_v e‡j, gqbvcvwL‡K K_v
†kLv‡bvi †Póv K‡i| ZLb GB welq¸‡jv‡K wbg′e‡M©i gvby‡li mk¯¿ wecø‡ei ¯^c′ euvwP‡q
ivLvi cÖZxK e‡j g‡b nq|
Gme mivmwi ivR‣bwZK cÖfveK I cÖfvevw‰^Z‡ì c¨vivjvj Av‡iKwU welq Rwni
Gwo‡q hvbwb KL‡bv Zv nj, gvby‡li g‡a¨ GemvwW©wU I mvgwóKi‡Yi wecix‡Zi µgea©gvb
GKvwKZ¡‡eva| Gi d‡j gvbyl n‡q c‡o‡Q ivRbxwZ-wehy³| ivR‣bwZK A_ev A_©‣bwZK
A_ev ÔB‱`yi-wejvB †LjvÕ A_ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv Kvi‡YB †nvK gvbyl AvR eo GKv, Zvi `ytLUvI
GKvi| GB GKv‡ì msL¨v A‡bK| evo‡Q Av‡iv| Zv‡ì gy‡L nvwm †bB, †Pv‡L Kvb′v †bB,
Rxe‡b h‰¿Yv †bB, Avevi my‡i fviI †bB G‡ì| w`b w`b gvbyl †hb ew‱` n‡‪Q †MvjK-
auvavq| auvav gvbyl‡K weåv‰‭ K‡i, inm¨ gvbyl‡K wb‡Ri mv‡_ †Ljvq, †h †Ljvi bvg euvPv-
euvPv †Ljv, Zv †Ljvi my‡hvM †`q| Rwn‡ii A‡bK MíB †m †Ljvi K_v e‡j| GLv‡b
cÖm½µ‡g g‡b c‡o Wjy b`xi nvIqv I Ab¨vb¨ Mí MíwUi K_v| †mUvI †Zv †Ljv! Avevi
PZz_© gvÎvÕi Avãyj KwigI †L‡jb| cÖwZw`b GKB KvR, Møvm fvOv, †mB fvOvwi wb‡q
ev‪Pv‡ì gvivgvwi, cÖwZw`b †ccvi wewµ, Zvici †ccvi †kl n‡q †M‡j D‡ëv †ccviIjvi
KvQ †_‡K †ewk `v‡g †ccvi wK‡b, †mB †ccvi Kg `v‡g wewµ Kiv... GmeB †Ljv, wb‡Ri
mv‡_ wb‡Ri evKew‱` †Ljv| ¯^vaxbZv-DËi evsjv‡`‡k gvbyl †hfv‡e GKv I LwÊZ n‡q‡Q Zv
Zvi GKv‰‭ M„n‡KvY A_ev mvgvb¨ wP‡j‡KvVvwU‡ZI, Zvi †ek wKQy Mífvl¨ Avgiv Rwn‡ii
KvQ †_‡K †c‡qwQ| GB me g‡bv‡Uvbvm GKvwK‡Z¡i eY©bvq Rwni †ek wnDgvivm n‡q I‡Vb|
Zvi wnDgv‡i Avgiv nvwm, gRv cvB, wK‰‧ Avmj welq †Zv welv`! GB welv` †`wL
ÔAvMviMuvI K‡jvwb‡Z bqbZviv dzj †Kb †bBÕ-Gi Avãym mvËv‡ii †Pv‡L| GB Avãym mvËvi
nj ÔPZz_© gvÎvÕi Avãyj Kwi‡gi Av‡iKwU dg©, †h wKbv msmv‡i †_‡KI msmv‡ii evB‡i,
Awdm-evwo, evwo-Awdm, Kjyi-ej‡ì g‡Zv †Kivwb-Rxeb| †Kv‡bv nvwm †bB, i½ †bB,
†Kej c‡_ c‡o hvIqv Av‡Q; c‡o wM‡q Kuv`v hvq bv| A‡bï nvwmi cvÎ n‡q Zv‡ì nvwm‡Z
†hvM †`q mvËvi, nq‡Zv †VuvU Clr ùzwiZ nq gvÎ, Avi gyL w`‡q †ewi‡q Av‡m ÔcBiv
†MjvgÕ|
368
Gfv‡e, cvivcvi n‡q Rxeb I ivR‣bwZK ev¯„eZv; Zvici Ôay‡jvi w`‡b †divÕ n‡q
Rwn‡ii ivR‣bwZK AeRvi‡fk‡bi †h hvÎv ÔGB mgqÕ M‡í G‡m Zv ¯úk© K‡i‡Q
me©mv¤cÖwZK DcwiZj| Av‡iKwU kvLv cjøweZ nq Avãym mvËvi, Avãyj Iqvwn` (wZwbI
mdj bb), Avãyj Kwi‡gi wbw®…q-wb®cÖf RxebhvÎvq; †hLv‡b †Kv‡bv bqbZviv †bB,
†Mvjvcdzj †bB, †bB K_v-ejv gqbvcvwL| hv Av‡Q Zv nj, †gvnv¤§` †mwj‡gi g‡Zv Av‡¶c
ÔAvBRKv dzj dz‡U bvB,... dzj Avbv cvwiwbKvÕ|
GiB bvg nq‡Zv PvcPvc AmnvqZ¡; g„Zz¨ A_ev cÖKí : g„Zz¨-Kjø|
Drm : †gvnv¤§` Ave`yi ikx` m¤úvw`Z Ôknx`yj Rwni ¯§viKMÖš’Õ| cÖKvkK : mvwn`yj Bmjvg
weRy, cvVK mgv‡ek, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj: 1g cÖKvk, †deª“qvwi-2010|
[ †jLK: Kwe, MíKvi, cÖvewÜK| †ckv: mvsevw`KZv| ]
cÖÖ e Ü
kvnv`y¾vgvb-Gi Mí:
e~¨n cÖ‡e‡ki e¨_© †Póv m¤úwK©Z GKwU cÖwZ‡e`b A_ev †hfv‡e †e‡o-IVv
•m K Z †`
People want to find `meaning’ in everything and everyone. That is the

disease of our age. An age that is everything but practical, but believes
itself to be more practical then any other age.
Picasso
gvbyl, gvby‡li m¤ú‡K©i RvqMv, Ae¯ v‡bi RvqMv Av‡¯‭ Av‡¯‭ axiMwZ‡Z AvqZb nviv‡‪Q|
GB AvqZb nviv‡bv‡Z e¨w³gvby‡li †Kv‡bv nvZ †bB| Avgv‡ì hveZxq cÖwZôvb `vb‡e
cwiYZ n‡‪Q| †hb Avgv‡ì GKgvÎ `vq n‡q ùvwo‡q‡Q `vb‡ei cwicvKZ‡‰¿ RxY© nIqv|
•kke †_‡KB †Ui cvIqv hvw‪Qj mg‡qi cv‡ë hvIqv wK‰‧ Rv÷ GB cv‡ë hvIqv †g‡b †bqv
369
hvw‪Qj bv| wm‡bgvnj¸‡jv eÜ n‡q †Kv‡bvUv †nv‡Uj Avi †Kv‡bvUv Mv‡g©‱Um n‡q hv‡‪Q| †h
mKj Ab¨Zgiv wbqwgZ wm‡bgv †`LZ m‡cÖwgK, Zv‡ì A‡b‡KiB we‡‪Q` NUj Avi Zv‡ì
M‰‭e¨ Mv‡g©‱Um I †nv‡Uj, †nv‡Uj A_ev Mv‡g©‱U‡m wef³ n‡q coj| Avi †Kv‡bv KvR Lyu‡R
bv-†c‡q dzUcv‡Z †h me †fuvZv-¯^c-′ hye‡Kiv eB wb‡q e‡m Zv‡ì Kv‡iv Kv‡QB GKw`b
†cjvg cwð‡gi †g‡N †mvbvi wmsn| †jL‡Ki bv‡gi K_v PÆMÖv‡gi AvKv‡kÑevZv‡m ZLb
DowQjÑ UK‡kv †c‡iv‡bvi w`b¸‡jv‡Z| cwiwPZ n‡jB Avgvi kn‡ii bvwZwmwbqi, wmwbqi
wmwU‡Rb‡ì Avwg wR‡Ám KiZvgÑ Zuv‡ì mg‡qi K_vÑ †KD †KD ej‡Zb| ZLb evgc‰ x
ivRbxwZ KiZvg Avi c_bvUK Kiv j¤^v Avi my`k©b GKUv gvby‡li mv‡_ cÖvqB PjwZ c‡_
†`Lv nZÑ Avjv`v K‡i †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| c‡i ïwb Dwb wgjb †P․ayixÑ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki
cÖ_g c_bvU‡Ki RbK| Zuvi Kv‡QB †Mjvg GKUv Kg©kvjvi wel‡q K_v ej‡Z Avgiv KÕRb
¶z‡` †PÕ ev gvI; wZwb Dwo‡q w`‡jbÑ ej‡jb, Ô†Kv‡bv kvjv‡KB Avwg wek¦vm Kwi bvÑ Zv
†Zvgiv Kg©kvjv e‡jv ev ag©kvjvÕÑ cvwU©Rvb †PZbv AvnZ n‡qwQj †Kv‡bv m‡‱`n †bB, wK‰‧
A‡bK c‡i eywS †Kv‡bv ÔkvjvÕ‡K wK Avi wek¦vm Kivi †Rv Av‡Q! †Zv, Zuvi mv‡_ c‡i LvwbK
AvÇv †`qvi my‡hvM N‡U I Ny‡i-wd‡i GKwU bvg ïwb bvbv cÖm‡½Ñ Ôgyb′vÕ, †Kgb Av`y‡i
GKUv bvg| PÆMÖvg Pjw‪PÎ †K‡‱`ªi •kevj †P․ayix Avi GLbKvi wek` evOjvi Avjg
†Lvi‡k‡ì mv‡_ huviv wKbv, Avgvi •kevj`v Avi AvjgfvB, Avi †mB GK‡gevwØZxqZg
cÖk′|Õ
GB mg‡q, hLb Zxeª †cÖ‡gi mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ bv-†c‡q hyM‡ji AvZ¥nbb N‡U‡QÑ
kxl© hy×vcivax cQ‡‱ì Lvevi †L‡Z Av‡iv m~² n‡‪QÑ ivóª gvbyl‡K AvZ¥nZ¨vcÖeY DV‡Z
mvnvh¨ Ki‡QÑ moK `yN©Ubv GKwU wbqwgZ NUbvq cwiYZ n‡‪Q, mykxj mgv‡Ri †jvKRb Lye
†ewk mykxj n‡q ewai I †evev e‡b †M‡Qb, evgc‰ x `j¸‡jvi GKvsk ¶gZvmx‡bi mv‡_ ÔeÜz
Zzwg kÎ  ZzwgÕ ÷vB‡j •eòec`vejxi †cÖ‡g Avi Av‡iKvsk ¯^-wbwg©Z e„‡Ë NyicvK Lv‡‪Q Avi
AvÛviMÖvDÛ ivRbxwZi Kg‡iWiv †e‡Nv‡i gviv co‡Qb‭†kqvievRv‡i me©¯^ nviv‡‪Q gvbyl,
nviv‡Z nviv‡Z gvby‡li _v‡KUv Kx? Mv‡qi Pvgov? A‡b‡Ki Zv-I †bB... wVK †mB mg‡q
Avi wKQy bv-†nvK kvnv`y¾vgv‡bi cÖ_g `yÕwU MímsKjb †_‡K Avgiv hv nq wb‡Z cvwi-
GgbwK Zuvi mxgve×ZvI Avgv‡ì wk¶v †`q| †kl KiwQÑ wcÖq eÜz, I‡Mv cvVK, fveybÔt †Z
`ytL Gi cÖ‪QÙv GKUv fvOv‡Pviv gvbyl, Aw¯‭‡Z¡i cy‡ivUv wb‡q bM′Ñ Zvi Pvicv‡k A‡bK
kã-a¨vb,†jLv‡jwL, Ab¨gb¯‥Zv...bxieZv, eÜzZ¡... evwYR¨, Wv‡qwi, Avqbv, Kgy¨wbRg...Nyg,
wØav, AvKvk...Avcbv‡ì wK g‡b nq bv, kvnv`y¾vgv‡bi G hver †jLv‡jwLi Pvwekã G
cÖ‪Q‡` Av‡Q? Avi Zvici AwaK †jLv, Zuvi †jLvÑ A_©nxb...Avmyb, co‡Z _vwK Zuvi mgMÖ
hvcb| fvwe GKUz Avmyb, Avkv‡K wkwL, Avkv Kiv wkwL| me †hfv‡e †f‡O hv‡‪Q Zv‡Z...
G‡mv, nv‡Z nvZ †eu‡a _vwK| wew‪Qb′Zv †eva m‡i hvK| Zuvi †jLv cvV †k‡l GBgvÎ Avgvi
Dcjwä|
MíMÖ‰  `ywU †Zv `vwM‡q `vwM‡q c‡owQ A¸YwZeviÑ †m `ywU Avgv‡ì cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨
†Zv Gi g‡a¨B ag©MÖ‰ Õi mv‡_ Zzjbxq n‡q †M‡Q! m‱`xc‡bi K‡jivi w`b¸‡jv‡Z †cÖg ev
wn‡ivwmgv gvB jvf; gvngy`yj n‡Ki Kv‡jv cvnvo ev †`wL‡q w`‡jb wZwb! ZLb Avgvi
evÜexiv me P‡j hvw‪Qj Avgv‡K †Q‡o| g~jï× Pviv Dc‡o †djvi Kvq`vq Zv‡ì †KD
MÖv‡gi RjnvIqv †Q‡o †m․wÀvie ev KvZv‡i ev Bsj¨v‡Û P‡j †Mj, †KD †`‡ki †fZ‡i
†_‡KI wb‡R‡K Avi Luy‡R †cj bv, †KD KviYnxb P‡j †Mj, Gm‡ei mv‡_ wgwj‡q cwo Nb,
370
mse× ev‡K¨ †jLv ÔcÕ-kxl©K †jLv: ÒgvbeZvi H‡Zv cÖavb `y‡Uv bvg, †g‡q Avi †Q‡j| bvix
Avi cyi l| Zv‡ì †`n MVb, ¯^c′, ¯^v_©, Rxebhvcb G‡Ki †P‡q A‡bï KZUv wfb′| GB
wfb′Zv •ewPÎ¨ wn‡m‡e D`hvwcZ n‡Z cviZ, wK‰‧ wfb′Zv Rb¥ w`‡q‡Q •el‡gï, •ewiZvi|
bvixi Kv‡Q cyi l n‡q D‡V‡Q GK `~ieZ©x, `yi‰‭, fxwZKi cÖvYx| wK‰‧ cyi l, bvixi Avðh©
GK †kªwYkÎ | †Kv‡bv GK †kªwYi DrLv‡Zi ga¨ w`‡q Awfbe G kÎ i m‡½ Ø‡‱Øi wb®úwË
m¤¢e bq, m¤¢e ci¯ú‡ii wgj‡bi gvayh©Zvq| K_v wQj _vK‡e `yÔai‡bi gvbeZv, wfb′ wK‰‧
mgvb| wK‰‧ †K Avi K_v iv‡L?Ó wZb eqm KgwQj| g„Zzï wbw`©óZvi w`‡K GKUv w`b
GwM‡q hvIqv| Avi Avwg †f‡O cowQjvg Avgvi mgMÖmËv wb‡q| knx`yj Rwni, gvngy`j y
n‡Ki g„Zz¨ Avgv‡K ¯‭ä K‡i †`q| Kx bxie P‡j hvIqv! m‱`xcb P‡Ævcva¨vq Avi webq
gRyg`vi Avi k¨vgj M‡½vcva¨v‡qi g„Zz¨ Avwg mnRfv‡e †g‡b wb‡Z cvwiwb| cÖvq eQi GKUv
K‡i Aw·‡Rbmg„× Mv‡Qi cZb NU‡Q| KL‡bv GKvwaK, G cwiw¯ wZ‡Z GKw`b Avgv‡ì
kn‡i G‡jb kvnv`y¾vgvb| µv‡Pi K‡b©j cÖKvk-cieZ©x mg‡q, K_v ej‡jb Avgv‡ì mv‡_|
•K‡kvi †_‡K ï‡b Avmv bvbv wg_, Zvi M‡í †bqv mv¶vrKvi Avi Dcb¨vm cv‡Vi UvUKv
¯§„wZi fv‡i Zuv‡K mvgbvmvgwb Avi wKQy wR‡Ám Ki‡Z cvwiwb| ej‡Z cvwiwb, Av‡iKUz hw`
cwim‡i evoZ µv‡Pi K‡b©j †Kgb †hb Dcb¨v‡mi †P‡q GKUv BwZnvm-eB n‡q †Mj|
GKRb BwZnvmwe` A‡bK m¤¢vebv hvPvB K‡i †`L‡Qb| bv, †h Zxeª cÖZ¨vkv wb‡q Avwg
Dcb¨vmUv c‡owQ Zv Avgvi c~Y© nqwb| gyw³hy×-cieZ©x †Nvjv w`b¸‡jvi weei‡Yi
RgvUe×Zv‡K LvwbK fvOevi †Póv GB‡Zv, wbQK GBUzKz, A_P †hme w`b¸‡jv wb‡q me‡P‡q
mv_©K Dcb¨vm n‡q IVvi m¤¢vebv wQj, nj bv, Zv‡Z †h Lye †ewk Gj-†Mj Zv-I bq, †Kbbv
bZzb cÖRb¥ I-mgqUv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Q, wb‡Ri gZvgZ ùvo Kiv‡‪Q, GUv‡Zv Kg bq| wK‰‧ GB
me KPKPvwb ev` w`‡q Avwg j¶ KiwQjvg Zuvi K_vi ejvi fw½, †hb cÖwZwU kã‡K
bywocv_‡ii gZb IRb K‡i wb‡‪Qb| †gwW‡K‡j-cov †Q‡jwU Zvi me KvRKg© w`‡q †hfv‡e
mZx‡_©i KvQ †_‡K mgxn, fv‡jvevmv Av`vq K‡i AwZ ax‡i wg‡_i Wvjcvjv evovw‪Qj Zuv‡K
mvgbvmvgwb †`‡L Pzc _vKvB †kªq g‡b K‡iwQjvg| Avwg ïay †`LwQjvg, Avi †`LwQjvg Avi
†`LwQjvg Avi wbSzg n‡q fvewQjvg Avi ciw`b, Zv‡iv ciw`b Av‡iv A‡bKw`b Avgvi
gv_vq A¸YwZ KweZvi cO&w³i cvkvcvwk †Ljv Ki‡Z _v‡K GKwU jvBb ÔwLqvj Kwi‡Qb
gÄyfvB, Avcwb wMiv‡g Av‡jB AvKv‡k Lye †Rvmbv nq|Õ †mB †fv‡i Avgvi g‡b n‡qwQj
kvnv`y¾vgvb †jvKUv GZ wbg©g †KbÑ Ggb wbg©gfv‡e wbg©g n‡Z n‡Z †NvlYv w`‡q cvV‡Ki
ùvZwLPv‡bv cvVvf¨vm‡K wea″¯‭ Ki‡Z Avwg †Zv †`wLwb KvD‡K| ejwQ, Ô¶Z hZ ¶wZ hZÕ
MíwUi K_v| jsgvP© †Nvi †_‡K wd‡i Avwg D ¢U GKUv gvbwmK Amy‡L Avµv‰‭ nB| b‡f¤î
2009 †_‡K Rvbyqvwi 2004| hveZxq bv-cvIqv Avgv‡K †c‡q e‡m| Avwg w¯ i n‡Z cvwi
bv| mg‡qi GZ wZ³ cv‡ë hvIqv wb‡Z cviwQjvg bv, AwZ ax‡i eySwQjvg, cwjwU· Avgvi
Rb¨ bq| gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v ejvi mgq Zv‡K wbg′‡kªYxi gvbyl fvev GLbKvi evgc‰ x
ivRbxwZi •ewkó¨| e¨wZµg hv, Avbyex¶wYK `„wói mvnv‡h¨ †`L‡Z nq Avgvi †Q‡j‡ejv
†_‡K bq, gvZ…Mf© †_‡KB Avgvi †PvL Lvivc| Gi g‡a¨ GK Rb¥w`‡b Dcnvi †cjvg t †Z
`ytL| †Kv‡bv i¨vwcs †ccvi †bB| Avgiv eÜz‡Z¡ †Kv‡bv dg©vwjwU †gb‡Ub KiZvg bv|
mgKvgxi †P‡q Nb fv‡jvevmv wQj Avgv‡ì, hv A‡h․b| bv‡gi cÖ_g A¶i Avgvi ÔmÕ‭ZvB
kxl© cwi‡‪Q‡` c‡o Avwg nvm‡Z nvm‡Z nVvr †evKv e‡b hvB, A‡bKUv Uªv‡Ki mvg‡b KzKzi
c‡o †M‡j nvW©-†eªK Kivi g‡ZvB hwÌ KzKziwU g„Z| ïi Uv Ggb : Dwbk kZ‡Ki
371
†mvgcÖKvk msev`cwÎKv evsjvfvlvq wZbwU ÔmÕ evwZj K‡i ïay ÔkÕ ivLevi cÖ¯‭ve K‡iwQj|
†K GK iwmK cvVK wj‡LwQj, ÔkÕ-Gi hv iƒc Zv‡Z G w`‡q ÔkqZvbÕ †jLv †h‡Z cv‡i wK‰‧
Ô¯‭bÕ †jLv hv‡e bv|Õ Zvici ¯‭‡bi bvbv †idv‡iÝÑ †klUv nj M„nwk¶K kwd Zvi QvÎx
wjwc‡K cov‡Z wM‡q ÔDw ¢b′ ¯‭bÕ †`‡L †d‡j Ges Zvici kwd‡Ki mviv gb G‡m fi K‡iwQj
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cÖwZc¶| †jv‡K Ab¨‡K †`‡L ùvZ †`Lvq †hb wVK nvmevi Rb¨ bq, Kvgovevi Rb¨|Ó
mg‡qi cÖeYZv Kx my‱ì wZwb ÔivZRvMvÕÑ G A‡_© wZwb AK¬v‰‭, ïay †Zv Mí-B †j‡Lbwb
wZwb| mvwn‡Zï Ab¨vb¨ gva¨‡gI Zuvi KvRKg© Zuvi gb‡bi m¤cÖmvi‡Yi mv¶¨B †`q|
mv¶vrKviÑ e¨vcviUv‡K †Zv `yÕRb eÜzi gy‡LvgywL K_v ejevi KzkjZvq Db′xZ K‡i‡Qb|
GgbwK cÖ‡qvRbxq mv¶vrKvi‡K Abyev` Ki‡Z Zv AvMÖnxi Kv‡Q mnR K‡i Zz‡j‡Qb| RwUj
Avi KzqvkvNb, msKU`xY© ivRbxwZi AveZ© †_‡K Av¯‭ GK wecøex K‡b©j Zv‡ni‡K Dcb¨v‡mi
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nvRvi wZb mv‡ji jsgv‡P© gsjv e‱ì P‡j †Mjvg| cvVëB‡q cov gvbwP‡Îi bvg¸‡jv
GBfv‡e R¨v‰‭ n‡q D‡VwQj| †mLv‡bB GKUv cvUK‡j cv‡Ui •Zwi e¯‭v †c‡Z Ny‡gvevi eë¯ v
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cvwiwb Zvi Av‡MB Acvi GK Nyg †b‡g Av‡m Avgvi †Pv‡LÑ †m iv‡Zi ¯^c′ LvwbKUv Avgvi
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ggZvÓ
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c‡o Zv †evSv hv‡e| kvnv`y¾vgv‡bi cwð‡gi †g‡N †mvbvi wmsn c‡o †`wL mgvRZ‡‰¿i D‡e
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373
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covi Av‡MB| Rvwb kvnv`y¾vgvb gv‡b Zxeª Zxeª i³¶iY, A¶‡ii m‰‭wZ‡ì AwZ ax‡i
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co‡j †h ¯^w¯‭ †g‡j, Zv bv fve‡j ¯^w¯‭ D‡e hvq, GKUv `vk©wbK cvR‡ji Mí co‡Z co‡Z
Avgvi g‡b n‡Z _v‡K GB Aw¯ i mg‡qi gvbyl Rxe‡bi KL‡bv bv KL‡bv wK I‡Z Avµv‰‭
nqwb? M‡íi wKQz evK¨ cvVK‡K Awff~Z Ki‡eÑ GB Abyf~wZ Zvi R‡b¨ †jLKcÖ`Ë †Uvc
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374
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Mí| ÔVvKz‡ii m‡½Õ GKUv Amv¤úÖ`vwqK †PZbvi Mí| GBgvÎ GKUv †evKvi g‡Zv KvR
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gyb′vfvB‡qi KvQ †_‡K avi Kiv evK¨ w`‡q, ÔAvgvi K‡ivwU‡Z ZLb ïay gRy` n‡q _v‡K `~i
cvnv‡oi R‣bK ev‡Ni Kvb′v|Õ
Drm : Kvgi“¾vgvb Rvnv½xi m¤úvw`Z ÔK_v, 7g msL¨vÕ|
[ †jLK: MíKvi, cÖvewÜK, msMVK| †ckv: PvKwi| ]
bvmixb Rvnv‡bi Mí : Møvwb‡Z DÌv‡b Mov RxebvL¨vb
ï fv wk m wm b nv
bvmixb Rvnvb evsjvi cÖPj AvaywbK bvixev`x mvwnZ¨ iPbv K‡ibwb| Rxeb‡K wb‡Ri
AwfÁZv I aviYvi †fZi w`‡q hvPvB K‡i †bqvi wKQy mvnmx cÖqvm Zvi iPbv‡K mxgve× bv
nIqvi M‡e© Av‡jvwKZ Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q wbðq| bvix‡K †K‱`ª K‡i ivLvi GKUv cÖeYZv ¯^fveZ
_v‡K, m‡Zï Bkviv¸‡jv †g‡j †`qvi Rb¨ Zvi wbR¯^ GKUv cÖ‡qvR‡b| KL‡bv e¨w³K
KL‡bv mvgwóK †cÖw¶Z †_‡K AvL¨vb‡K web¨¯‭ K‡ib wZwb|
`kwU MíMÖ‰  †_‡K †jwLKvi wb‡Ri evQvB 40wU M‡íi msKjb wbe©vwPZ Mí Avgvi
G †jLvi Aej¤^b| me¸‡jvB co‡Z n‡q‡Q GRb¨ eje †h, bv c‡o ¯^w¯‭ †bB| Kx Av‡Q
bvmix‡bi †jLvi g‡a¨ hv covq A‡bK fve‡Z n‡q‡Q? GKUv wKQy Avjv`v bv-_vK‡j covi
AvKzwZ _vK‡e †Kb? †mUv Kx! wb‡R‡K iPbvi KZ©v wn‡m‡e GKbvqKZvw‰¿K KvwiMi bv-
evbv‡bvi GKUv mijZv Av‡Q| Mí †hw`‡K hvq fvlv-eqb-Avw½K‡K †mfv‡e mvRv‡bvi †Póv
376
Cl©v †hfv‡e †jLv Zvi †_‡K G‡Kev‡iB Avjv`vfv‡e †jLv c_ †n c_, Avevi evwjKv igYx
G‡Kev‡iB Avjv`v| ¯^v‡` e‡Y© M‡Ü Avjv`v bv-n‡j wK‰‧ m¤¢e bq GB †ekcvëv‡bvi KvR|
gvb‡eb wbðq|
GK_v ejv n‡‪Q evsjv Mímvwn‡Zï BwZnv‡mi avivq mgKv‡ji euv‡K ùvwo‡q|
Avgiv iex‱`ªbv_, gvwbK, Zvivk¼i, mZxbv_ fv`yox, cÖg_bv_ wekx, RM`xk ¸ß,
IqvjxDjøvn, Bwjqvm, gvngy`jy nK, nvmvb, †`‡ek, ¯^c′gq, A‡bK c_ cvi n‡q G‡mwQ|
†mLv‡b mgKv‡ji KvD‡K wb‡q ZLbB `yÕKjg wjL‡Z nq, hLb †m c‡_i †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv
euv‡K †m Zvi cmiv wb‡q ùvwo‡q _v‡K bRi Kvovi me fw½gvq| Avi bvmixb Zv wK
†c‡i‡Qb? Aek¨B cv‡ib| evsjv‡`‡ki bvix‡jLK‡ì we‡ePbvq mxgve×Zvi m~‡Î bq, GKUv
eo K‡je‡i hvIqvi kw³‡ZB| Dcb¨vm wb‡q ej‡Z †M‡j A‡bK evQwePvi K‡i LyuwU‡q
LyuwU‡q †hLv‡b ej‡Z n‡e, †mLv‡b †QvUMí kvLvq bvmixb Rvnvb‡K cyw®úZ bv-†`Lvi †Kv‡bv
KviY †bB|
nu¨v, Djøçb| GKUv Mí †_‡K nVvr AbïKg bvmixb Rvnvb| Avi Zvi G c_hvÎvi
m½x evK¨vj¼vi •Zwii PgrKvi ¶gZv| `xß, Klv, Avcmnxb evKcÖwZgvI •Zwi K‡ib wZwb|
†hgb iƒcK_vi cvwL M‡í ey‡ovi wW‡UBj : †`vgov‡bv cv `y‡Uv Ggb euvKv‡bv, †eva nq Zv‡Z
nvo †bB, A‡bKUv mv‡ci g‡Zv Di‚i M‡Z© †mwa‡q _v‡K| GKB M‡í †`Lyb iƒcK‡íi wbg©vY
: GB kn‡i †m nvRv‡iv wfwLwi †`‡L‡Q, Kv‡iv †cU dzu‡o Zz‡jv †e‡iv‡‛Q, †KD PZzL©wÊZ n‡q
ïay †`n-UzK‡iv wb‡q Mwo‡q P‡j‡Q| gvby‡li A‱ìgn‡j XyK‡ZI Zvi †ek fv‡jv `¶Zv|
Cl©v c‡ob! ejvi fw½Uv nq‡Zv Zvivk¼‡ii K_v GKUz Zzj‡e, wK‰‧ †mUv bvmix‡biB| wni 
Avi wni i gv G `yB Pwi‡Î evsjv MíRM‡Z Ae¨kB D¾¡jZv| Puv` Avi wni  G `yB PwiÎ‡K
†cQ‡b †d‡j Mí‡k‡l wni i gv-B n‡q I‡V cÖwZbvwqKv|Õ †m Kuv`‡Z _v‡K wni‚‡i wni‚, †Zvi
†Zv gv_vi Ic‡i ¯^vgx Av‡Q, Avgvi Kx n‡e †i!
wb‡Ri fi‰‭ †c‡Ui w`‡K ZvwK‡q N„Yvq wewl‡q eywo G K_v e‡j| wbPz †kªwYi gvby‡li
†h․_ Rxe‡bi wewea KvjPvi, Uvbvc‡ob, †h․bgvbweK AwfÁZvi c„_K ai‡bi g‡a¨ G
`yN©Ubvi wdwiw¯‭ Avi eqmRwUj Cl©v A‡Pbv bq| GKwU wkï †m Zjøv‡U Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q| †m wK
Gme N„Yv wZ³Zvi avivevwnKZvq ch©ewmZ nIqvi Rb¨B Av‡mwb?
G MíwU‡K †Kb †h Avgvi Kv‡Q GZ kw³kvjx g‡b n‡q‡Q Zvi cy‡iv †`vnvB cvov
GLwb Avgvi c‡¶ m¤¢e bq, GRb¨ cÖ¯‧wZ ìKvi|
G duv‡K GKUv dqmvjv n‡q hvIqv myweavRbK †h bvmixb Rvnv‡bi Mí wK‰‧ cÖavbZ
`y‡Uv avivq cÖvewnZ| bvMwiK Rxe‡bi bvix-cyi l m¤ú‡K©i K¬vw‰‭-Awek¦vm-Uvbvc‡ob-m‡‱`n-
cyi lvwac‡Zï dj BZ¨vw`| Avi Ab¨ avivwU MÖvgxY Rxe‡bi Av_©-ms¯‥…wZK ej‡q bvix‡K
†K‱`ª K‡i NyicvK †L‡Z †L‡Z PgrKvi †mªvZ‡m․‱`h© wb‡q GwM‡q‡Q| Avi Avgvi g‡Z,
bvmixb MÖvgxY Rxe‡b cyi l-bvix m¤ú‡K©i AvL¨vb iPbvi wbR¯^ kw³‡ZB Rqx n‡q _vK‡eb|
A‡bK M‡íi bvg ejv hvq| wØavivi wefvR‡b †d‡j wePvi Kiv hvq Mí¸‡jv‡K|
Z‡e `y‡Uv avivi Avjv`v Av‡iKUv Mí †ek fvebxq Ges PgrKvi cyi‚l| GKUv Aw¯‭Z¡ev`x
Qvc MíUv‡Z Av‡Q| wK‰‧ KL‡bvB Zv BR‡gi fv‡i Avµv‰‭ bq| wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i mgv‡Ri
A_e© GKwU PwiÎ‡K Zvi Aw¯‭‡Z¡i Av‡jvo‡bi cÖKv‡k D¾xweZ Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb bvmvixb|
weK…Z ejv hvq bv cyi lwUi al©Kvg‡K| GUv Zvi GKUv cÖwZev‡ì aib n‡q D‡V‡Q|
bvixev`xiv wfb′gZ †cvlY Ki‡ZB cv‡ib| wb‡Ri Aw¯‭‡Z¡i Rvbvb †`qvi Rb¨ GK c½y Zvi
377
†ev‡bi Ici Suvwc‡q co‡e| wK‰‧ MíUv co‡j GiKg GKZidv g‰‭e¨ Avm‡e bv e‡jB
wbwðZ nIqv hvq| eyjy mg¯‭ i³-m¤úK© Am¤ú‡K©i E‡a″© P‡j wM‡q Zxeªfv‡e †evSv‡Z Pvq,
†m GKRb gvbyl, GKRb gvbyl| m‰¿v‡mi kv‰‭mgvwnZ eY©bv| GUv Avgv‡ì g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡Z
cv‡i KjKvZvi GKUv AbïKg Qwe wkívš„i-Gi K_v| †mLv‡b GgbUv †`Lv wM‡qwQj|
Avi wØaviv wefvR‡b Mí¸‡jv‡K †djv hvq Gfv‡e cÖ_g aviv : `vn, duvmy‡o, Cl©v,
weKvi, †Luvov †`․owe`, wkegw›ì, cvwLIqvjv, cÖwZc¶ kKz‡biv, cvc‡eva, MiwVKvwbqv,
cicyi‚l, †h AÜ †jvKwU iO †`L‡Z RvbZ BZ¨vw`|
G¸‡jv MÖvgxY cUf~wg‡Z †jLv| MÖvgxY cUf~wg‡Z ej‡Z bvmixb Rvnvb GUv Ki‡Z
Pvbwb †h MÖv‡gi wekvj K¨vbfv‡m ¶zav-`vwi‡`ªï WKz‡g‱Ukb| wKQy wm¤^j, wKQy Av‡jv-
AÜKv‡ii †Ljvi g‡a¨ †m gvbyl¸‡jvi †fZ‡ii Ø‱Ø Ges m‡Zï iƒc wP‡b †bqv I †Pbv‡bv|
†hgb aiv hvK welNi MíwUi K_v|
gaïv‡Z Nyg †_‡K D‡V Kuvc‡Z _v‡K gwZ| GUv Zvi weKvi| gwZ Zvi †kªwYi †fZi
†_‡K GB weKv‡ii exR ax‡i ax‡i aviY K‡i| GKwU wbg©g Lyb Zv‡K fxZ K‡i, Avi eD‡K
wKQy w`‡Z bv-cvivi e¨_©Zv| Avevi wb‡Ri mvB‡K‡ji Zjvq Pvcv c‡o hvIqv GK eywoi
g„Zz¨`„k¨| Gme gwZ‡K Zvwo‡q †eovq| wK‰‧ †Kv_vq hv‡e gwZ? †m Av‡óc„‡ô euvav Zvi
fv‡Mï m‡½| hvIqvi †Kv‡bv Dcvq †bB| †Zgb †Kv‡bv wW‡UBj eënvi K‡i bvmixb gwZi
mxgve× Rxeb, e¨_©Zv I AvKw¯§KZv‡K Zz‡j a‡ib bv| A‡KUv wm‡jKwUf †UKwb‡K †mUv
n‡q hvq| GLv‡b bvmix‡bi `¶Zv| gwZ Zvi †kªwYMZ †`qvj‡K fvOvi ¯^c′I †`‡L| Zvi
kn‡i co‬qv fvB‡K wb‡q| †mUvI nq bv| †Kv‡bv †ifywjDkb †bB gwZi Rxe‡b| ïay fq|
GUvB Zvi weKvi| Zvi weKí Avi Kx-ev _vK‡Z cv‡i|
†Luvov †`․owe` MíUv g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡Z cv‡i weL¨vZ gvwK©wb Qwe d‡i÷ M¨v¤ú-Gi
K_v| GLv‡b †`․o G‡m‡Q GKUv cÖZxK wn‡m‡e| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi `ywbqvq cÖK…Z †`․owe` gvÎ
†Luvov| Zv‡K †Luvov n‡ZB n‡e| Zv‡K ivwÎ‡ejv G‡m `g`g evwo †g‡i †KD j¨vsov K‡i
w`‡q hv‡e| `ywe©bxZ Zvi Rxeb †_‡g hv‡eB| wK‰‧ bvmixb Zv‡K Gfv‡e _vwg‡q w`‡Z
bvivR| ZvB Mí-†k‡l DËi-cÖR‡b¥i AvMgb NUvb| Gevi †hB-bv †`․o ïi  n‡q‡Q gwb †m
wkïwU‡K †Q‡o w`j mevi †cQb †cQb| mevB hLb GB `„k¨ †`‡L AÆnvwm‡Z †d‡U c‡o‡Q,
mnmª gvBj †cQ‡b c‡o _vKv wkïwUi w`‡K ZvwK‡q Kx GK †Nvi D‪Q¡v‡m †mB †`․owe`
Pu¨vPv‡Z ïi  K‡i‡Q mve″vm! mve″vm!
M‡íi A‡‰‭ PgK •Zwii GB Kvq`v¸‡jv bvmix‡bi Lye eo ¸Y ejv hvq| †mUv
Pg‡Ki LvwZ‡i PgK bq, eis AvL¨v‡bi GKUv `k©bvqb NUvb e‡j ¸i Z¡c~Y© n‡q I‡V|
duvmy‡o Avi Cl©v Mí `y‡Uvi g‡a¨ fveMZ LvwbK AvZ¥xqZv Av‡Q| Zey welqwePv‡i
Avjv`v| `y‡UvB h‡_ó kw³kvjx| cyi ‡li mvgvwRK iƒc AuvK‡Z wM‡q Av‡µv‡k bvmixb
KL‡bvB AÜ n‡q hvb bv, Zvi mgvR-†PZbvi kw³Uv cÖKvk cvq| dRjy ZvB cv‡i bv wb‡Ri
PvPxi kix‡i Suvwc‡q co‡Z| AvZ¥vi gvbeZvi Kv‡Q †`‡ni ev kix‡ii AgvbweKZv civwRZ
nq| dRjy †Ku‡` I‡V| GKUv A¶gZv| †hUv R‡qi Avb‱` n‡Z cviZ, †mUvB †e`bv`vqK|
†Kbbv GLv‡b dRjyi †h․bKvZiZv, weK…wZ †Kej kixi-m¤ú‡K© hy³ bq| †mUv Av_©-
ms¯‥…wZi †fZi †_‡K mggv_v †Zvjv| †h․bZv‡K Gfv‡e mgvR-ivRbxwZ-ms¯‥…wZi m‡½
GKvZ¥ K‡i †`Lvi †h †PvL bvmixb AR©b K‡i‡Qb †mRb¨ Zuv‡K bg‡¯‭| Avi gbhyeZx PvPx
e„wói gvZjwgi g‡a¨ Kx Avb‡‱` Mvb a‡i| Rxeb Zvi Kv‡Q GgbB wewPÎ cix¶vi e¯‧|
378
cix¶v w`‡Z n‡e| †f‡O covi †KD †bB| wK‰‧ mÜ¨vi km¨f~wg‡K AvcmKvgx bvixi
cÖwZev`nxb Ly‡j aiv dRjy‡K †Kb cyi lZ¡nxb K‡iwQj Zvi myivnv M‡íi eqvbgÊj †_‡K
Lyu‡R cvIqv gykwKj| †Kb al©Y-fvebv‡ZB ïay dRjyi cÂBw‱`ªq †R‡M I‡V|
GUv gvby‡li cÖe„wËMZ? bq‡Zv dRjyi w`K †_‡K Zvi Zvrch© †Kv_vq? Z‡e †mB
`„k¨wU Ac~e©| Kv‡g avegvb dRjy‡K Amvi K‡i w`‡q Zvi hyeZx PvPx hLb e‡j, GB UvKvWv
ivL| Avgvi gi‡Yi mgq nB‡Q| GBWv Kvd‡bi `vg| Kei LyuBov evRvb Avgv‡i †eAveª‚
Kwim bv|
GB †Zv gvby‡li cwiYwZ| †Kv_vq †Zvgvi iƒc, Kvg, †`n| †mB cÖvÁ `qvgq K‡Éi
Kv‡Q dRjy KZB-bv Amnvq| †mwjg Avj `x‡bi cÖvP¨Õi Aw‰‭g `„kÜv Gi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q
†`q| mv`v Rj‡mªvZcÖvq eywoi evavi gvqvex †`qvj †V‡j ev¯‧mvc‡K gviv Avi nq bvB
†mLv‡bI|
†h AÜ †jvKwU iO †`L‡Z RvbZ| AevK Kiv Mí| ejvi aib, ej‡Z PvIqv welq,
Awfe¨w³ GLv‡b G‡Kev‡iB Avjv`v| †Luvov †`․owe` †_‡KI Avjv`v| ûgvqyb Avn‡g‡ì
Lv`K c‡o Avgiv Awff~Z I Av‡jvwoZ n‡qwQjvg| LvIqv‡Z LvIqv‡Z Lv`K‡K †g‡i
†d‡jwQj Av‡gv`x we‡eKnxb gvbyl| Avi GLv‡b GK AÜ‡K iO †Pbvevi †Ljvq gv‡Zvqviv
Ki‡Z wM‡q gvbyl fqsKifv‡e Zvi †PvL Dc‡o †d‡j| gvbyl‡K KZfv‡eB-bv †Pbv hvq|
GUv Aev¯‭e bq, ev¯‭e| GLv‡b ev¯‭e gvby‡liB iƒc Av‡Q| gvwb| †m gvby‡li cÖwZwbwa
gZje wgqv| bvgUvB Zvi AvPvi-¯^fve‡K wi‡cÖ‡R‱U K‡i| †UKwbKUv fv‡jv| Pzwi PvgPvwMwi
Kx K‡i bvB †m? GK mgq AÜ †jvKUvi GKUv ¶gZv‡K cyuwR K‡i mI`v Rgvq †m| †jvKUv
bv-†`‡LB iO wPb‡Z cviZ| gybvqv‡Lvi‡ì wPb‡Z evwK _v‡K bv A‡Üi|
G M‡í †cÖwm‡W‱U Avm‡j †K? GUv cÖk′ n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e kxl©¯ vbxq e¨w³e‡M©i i wP I
wP‰‭vi cÖwZ GKUv m¨vUvqvi Av‡Q| Zv‡K Awff~Z Kivi AvKv‫¶‫‬vq †Kv‡bv duvK-bv ivLvi Rb¨
A‡Üi †PvL Dc‡o †Zvjvi wm×v‰‭ nq| hv‡Z Avi †Kv‡bv m‡‱`n bv-_v‡K †h Avm‡jB †m AÜ
wK bv| Avi h_vixwZ M‡íi †klUv D‡ËRbvKi, AvZ¼RbK, nvog¾v Kuvwc‡q †`q| GKUv
†køl| †cÖwm‡W‡‱Ui †Kv‡Ui iO Kx mwVK ej‡Z cvi‡e AÜ?
mg¯„ cwi‡ek ¯„ä n‡q D‡V‡Q| Pviw`‡K K¨v‡givi eûeY© PKgK| gyn~Z©gvÎ|
mevB‡K Mfxi nZvkvq, wbtmxg AÜKv‡i Wywe‡q w`‡q wfwLwi gy‡Vv nvZ †g‡j a‡i
Av‡jvq| Gici ùv‡Z ùvZ †P‡c e‡j, jvj!
Mí †kl| wK‰‧ Avgv‡ì g‡bi †fZ‡i bvbvb cÖ‡k′i †Ljv| †Kb jvj? †Kb Av‡jv?
wb‡Ri Av‡jvq G‡m mevB‡K AÜ K‡i w`j †jvKwU| wb‡Ri ¶iY‡KB †m GKgvÎ iO e‡j
†g‡b wbj| me i³B jvj? GiKg nvRv‡iv cÖk′| GUv wK wecø‡ei iO?
cÖwZc¶ kKz‡biv M‡íi ïi Uv †Lqvj Ki b| bqvi P‡i †h Mi‚wU `xN© mgq a‡i g‡i
c‡o Av‡Q Zvi wPrcvZ `y-V¨v‡Oi gvSLv‡b GKwU kKzb| m`¨ f~wgô QvI‡qi g‡Zv †Kej
jvd †`q|
cïi Cávi gvbwP‡Îi cv‡k MwR‡q I‡V gvby‡li cvke cÖe„wË| ci¶‡YB †jwLKvi
eY©bv : `~i †_‡K ZvK K‡i Av‡Q KzZzeywÏ| wÎmxgvbvq †Kv‡bv Rbgwbwl¨ †bB| ajv MvB‡qi
ey‡Ki g‡Zvb ùxZ Avmgvb P‡i G‡m †b‡g‡Q|
G-MíUv i³gvsmgq| m‰¿v‡mi ePbMi‡j welv³ Ki‡Z Pvq gvby‡li exfrm B‪Qv,
Zvi euvPvi K`h© Dcvq... mewKQyi RwUj wbwY©Z e¨vKiY|
379
†Lqvj Ki b kKzb‡ì gvS †_‡K Mi i Pvgov wQu‡o Pzwi K‡i †bqvi `„kÜv :
KzZzeywÏ Î¯„ nv‡Z †mB †Lv‡c nvZ †`q| kKzbwU Wvbv Svc‡U KzZzeywÏi gv_vi Ici
Do‡Z _v‡K| e„n`vKvi MvfxwUi jvjvwgwkªZ nuv cÖKv| i³ ïwK‡q wPg‡m †j‡M †M‡Q| †c‡Ui
A‡a©K P‡j †M‡Q kKz‡bi `L‡j| †eXc, dz‡j IVv Di‚ †`n †_‡K wew‛Qbœ| V¨v‡Oi `ywU Lyi
k~b¨Mvgx| kKzb¸‡jv Pvgovi g‡aÏ wKQy ¶‡Zi m„wó K‡i‡Q| KzZzeywÏi †Pv‡Li Zviv
wZiwZwi‡q D‡V‡Q| `ª‚Z †KuvPo †_‡K PvKz †ei K‡i †m MvfxwUi ev cv‡q AvovAvwo Uvb
†`q| `~‡i e‡m wbix¶YiZ kKz‡biv Suv‡K Suv‡K G‡m jvwd‡q c‡o MvfxwUi Ici|
GK Amnvq giv cÖvYx‡K wb‡q wfb′ `yB cÖRvwZi KvovKvwoi Avw`g jovB| A‡bKUvB
mvgvwRK| GLv‡b gvbyl cïB| †eu‡P _vKvi †g․j evmbvq gvby‡l cï‡Z ZdvZ bvB| G eY©bv
A‡bKUv g‡b Avb‡Z cv‡i Av‡b©÷ †nwgsI‡qi Iì g¨vb A¨vÛ `¨ mx-i K_v|
evsjvi bvix‡jLK‡ì mgvRwcó gvb‡mi Djøç‡b †h cyi lwe‡ivax wP‰‭vi GK‣iwLKZv
Avgiv †`‡L _vwK eûjL¨vZ b¶ÎDcg e¨w³‡Z¡i g‡a¨ †mLvb †_‡K bvmixb GRb¨ Avjv`v,
wZwb PwiÎ ev gvbyl‡K mgvR-Av_©-ivRbxwZi evB‡i wb‡q k~‡j Pov‡Z hvb bv| bB‡j
GZ¸‡jv cyi lPwiÎ bvqK n‡q AvmZ-bv Zvi M‡í| Avi Zvi cyi ‡liv †klvewa civwRZ
nq| cÖvq mevB| Zv‡ì †kªwYMZ fvM¨‡jLv civR‡qi we‱`y‡Z wM‡q wgwjZ n‡Z eva¨| bvwK?
ZvB G M‡íi †k‡l mv¶vr h‡gi g‡Zv m‡e‡M Avmv GKwU kKzb Zvi Zx¶è bv‡Ki WMv wQu‡o
wb‡q †M‡j †PvL †X‡K e‡m c‡o KzZzeywÏ| [KzZzeywÏ ZLb Kx fv‡e?] wb‡R‡Ki Zvi gyn~‡Z©
†mB gaïv‡Zi Pvgov †Lvjv Rxeš„ Mi‚wU g‡b nq| ...mÜ¨vi Qvqv b`xi †kl mxgv‡š„ wgwj‡q
hvIqvq gyn~‡Z© Rxeš„ k‡ei Ici PµvKv‡i bvP‡Z _v‡K AMwYZ kKzb|
kKz‡biv Kviv? fvevq| cÖvK…Z wbq‡g hviv giv †L‡Z Av‡m Zviv AcÖvK…Z cvke‡K
kvw¯‭ †`qvi we‡e‡Ki `vwqZ¡ †bq bvwK? †jwLKvi eis c¶cvZ †evSv hvq †klvewa kKzb‡ì
Ici| †Kb KzZze Rxe‰‭ ke? †m Zvi A‰‭i Avi we‡e‡Ki †fZ‡i g‡i †M‡Q e‡j?
eqvbfw½ `k©b evK¨vj¼vi me wgwj‡q MíUv evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ D¾¡j QUv Qov‡eB,
gvwb|
Avi cicyi‚l M‡íi K_v bv-ej‡j Ab¨vq •e b¨vq n‡e bv|
M‡íi ïi UvB Abb¨ Avi hv`yKix| Kzmyg †`Lj, mviv PivPi bxj K‡i †a‡q AvmZ
†hme Rvjvwj KeyZi, Kx GK av°v †L‡q †h¸‡jv ¶z`ª wc‡Ê iƒcvš„wiZ n‡q gyn~‡Z© me k~b¨
K‡i †Kv_vq †hb wgwj‡q †Mj| cv‡qi Zjvq KzUKzU welwcuc‡o (bvmix‡bi †jLvq kã •Zwi
bv-Kivi ev mgvmixwZ Gwo‡q hvIqvi mgm¨vUv cxov †`q welwcuc‡o-B †Zv n‡e, bvwK?), Gi
g‡a¨B MvQcvjvi Ici ZLb fi Ki‡Q mÜ¨v|
GB fveK‡íi wbg©vY †Kb? KviY ci¶‡YB bvmixb M‡íi g~j cÖviw¤¢K †NvlYvUv
w`‡‪Qb| †UKwbKUv bZzb bv-n‡jI GLv‡b my‱ì| wbwj©wßi †m․‱`h©| K¬vB‡g‡·i Zzdvb fvlvq
wQj bv|
Kzmy‡gi ZvjvK n‡q †Mj|
G-Kzmyg‡K bvmixb Avgv‡ì A‡b‡Ki †P‡q KZ fv‡jvB-bv †P‡bb| wb‡Ri wK‡kvi
cÖwZ‡e‡ki cwiev‡ii e¨vKi‡Yi ga¨w`‡q| GLv‡b nvZ w`‡jB ZvB †mvbv-i cv d‡j| bvmixb
Zvi Kj‡gi Kvwj MÖvgxY †`vqvZ †_‡K fiv‡j †m Kj‡gi †iLv Zx¶èmy‱ì n‡eB|
ürwc‡Êi KvR dz‡iv‡j Kzmyg me ¯úk© KiZ Pvgov w`‡q| wbixn exfrm gvbweKZvi
GB jvB‡bi `wjj| kvïwo ejZ KvbKvUv †envqv| ¯^vgx ejZ Mv‡Qi ¸uwo| G ai‡bi M‡í
380
bvmix‡bi fvlvi aviUvI †Xi| cyi ‡li mgvR‡K ¶Zwe¶Z Kivi me ai‡bi kv‡b aviv‡jv
†m-fvlv| †h-¯^vgx `kR‡bi mvg‡b wPrKvi K‡i Kzmyg‡K ZvjvK w`‡q‡Q †m-B jywK‡q G‡m
†Rvi Rei`w¯‭ K‡i Kzmy‡gi m‡½ iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i wgwjZ nq| e‡j †m, Bgvg mv‡ne‡K e‡j
†m Avevi Kzmyg‡K N‡i Zzj‡eB| GK k‡ãi cÖ_vcv_‡i me wQb′ Kivi we‡ivax n‡q I‡V ¯^vgx
nvwdR| ms¯‥v‡ii wei ×fve ïay bq †mUv Av‡m †h․bZv ev g‡bvkvixwiK ¯^vaxbZvi Aaybv
†PZbv wb‡q| GUv j¶Yxq| Avgv‡i Avd‡bi Kx ìKvi? wbK‡É D‛PviY K‡i Kzmyg, Avd‡bi
ZvMov kixi, Kvg Rv‡bb, †Miv‡g KZ gvBqv Av‡Q|
Kzmy‡gi Kv‡Q nvwd‡Ri gb-kix‡ii Pvwn`v c~i‡Yi Dcvq¸‡jv Kx mijfv‡eB Rvbv
Avi nvwd‡Ri KÉ Gevi Av`ª© n‡q Av‡m, weivU me©bvk KBiv dvjvBwQ †i| Avwg Anb A¶‡i
A¶‡i eySZvwQ, Z‡i Qvov Avgvi RyBr jv‡M bv|
GB RyBr bv-jvMvUv kix‡ii AvKl©‡Y ev we‡kl Abb¨Zvq bq, GUv `xN©mnev‡m iwPZ
gvqv-Uvb-Av‡eM| GUv †cÖg|
¯^vgxi KvQ †_‡K cvIqv Rxe‡bi cÖ_g ¯^xK…wZi av°v mvg‡j Kzmy‡gi g‡b bZzb fvebv
mwÂZ nq, evwoi †KD hw` †Ui cvq...
†cÖg cÖwZôvb ev cÖ_vi kvmb †_‡K evB‡i wM‡q wb‡R‡K †P‡b, Avwe®‥vi K‡i Avi
ZLb evavi cÖvPxi evbvq mgvR-cwievi-cÖwZôvb| GB m~Î¸‡jv‡K †h․bgb¯‭Ë¡ wb‡q †ek
AvaywbKfv‡e †ck K‡ib bvmixb| †h Kzmyg cÖwZôvb‡K fvO‡Z Db¥yL, †m Zvi ¯^vgxi `vm-
†gi `Ênxb-me †g‡b †bqv ¯^fve‡K Avi kix‡ii Uv‡bi wePv‡iI MÖvn¨ K‡i bv| wnjøvweqvi
GK iv‡Zi ¯^vgx‡K †U‡b wb‡q cÖwZ‡kva †bq Kzmyg| wf¶zK A_e© ¯^vgx‡KI Kx kw³‡Z †h
Kzmyg Zvi fv‡jvevmvi A-cÖ_vi RM‡Z wb‡Z KvZi Zv Avi Avgv‡ì Rvb‡Z evwK _v‡K bv|
nvwdRiv civwRZ nq G Kzmy‡gi Kv‡Q|
Kx GK D`MÖ Kvgbvq Kzmyg bZzb kvwoi AuvP‡ji SvcUvq `c`c R¡j‡Z _vKv Kzwci
wkLv wbwe‡q w`j| wØ-iwPZ wg_¨vi wkLvi †`v`yj¨gvbZv‡K _vwg‡q GKK iPbvi bZzb
†cÖggvbweK gvqvex MÜgq AÜKvi‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡jv bvwK Kzmyg!
KuvUvZvi MíUv A ¢yZ| Kz¯‭jv| GK awl©Zvi Kvwnbx| K‡qKRb cyi l Øviv awl©Z|
GLv‡b GKUv eY©bv Aek¨ Ab¨Zgv Ab¨w`‡K hvq Dcb¨v‡mi eY©bvi m‡½ hvq| Avi G fveUv
Ri wi wKbv cÖk′ DV‡Z cv‡i| al©‡Yi mgq †g‡qwUi gbiwnZ kixi mvov †èvi welqUv|
eY©vbvUv †ck Kwi : cÖ_gRb DcMZ n‡j Lye Avðh©RbKfv‡e Kzš„jv †Ui cvq Aweivg el©Y
n‡‛Q, Dò, †muv`v †muv`v M‡Ü Wy‡e hv‡‛Q cÖK…wZ| Livi kix‡i †R‡M D‡V‡Q, hwÌ cÖwZc¶
ZLb gb, ZeyI wR‡Z hv‡‛Q †`nUvB| Do‡Z Do‡Z gvwU‡Z cwZZ Kzš„jv wbtk¦vm Uvb‡ZB
Av‡iKwU fyZz‡o Qvqv| †Mvj n‡q Av‡m| myLvbyf~wZ wQU‡K c‡o|
kixi‡K †K‱`ª K‡i bvixi wbR¯^ ivRbxwZ ev msMÖv‡gi c‡_ al©‡Ki G-f~wgKv
•bwZKZv fyj e‡jB g‡b nq| Ab¨vq †Zv wbwe©‡kl|
Avi N‡i wd‡i ìRvq wPiw`‡bi Af¨vmx cv evov‡ZB,
¶xYv½x e„×v wekvj AvK…wZ wb‡q ìRvq mg¯„ dz‡Uv eÜ K‡i UvbUvb ùvovq|
gv‡b! Gevi Kvi Kv‡Q awl©Z n‡e Kz‰‭jv!
g¨vwRK wi‡qwjwU bq| wi‡qwjwUi jyKv‡bv g¨vwRK Gfv‡eB †Lv‡jb bvmixb Rvnvb|
G avivi K_v A‡bK nj Gevi bvmix‡bi Ab¨ avivwU wb‡q wKQy ejv fv‡jv| B`vbxs wZwb
†hLv‡b wenvi Ki‡Z fv‡jv evm‡Qb| Avi cvVK wn‡m‡e Avgiv hv‡Z GKUz Kó cvB| bvix-
381
cyi ‡li we‡kl GKUv mxgvi g‡a¨ Ø‡‱Øi iƒc †Pbvevi `vwqZ¡ bZzb bq| aiv hvK ki‡Z †h
hyeK R‡b¥i MÜ cvq †ng‡š„ †m... MíUvi K_v| hvicibvB GKUv Avb¯§vU© Mí ejv hvq| Gi
eqvbfw½, m¤úK©wbg©vY, NUbvi weKvk mewKQy| GK weevwnZ bvixi m‡½ R‣bK hye‡Ki
g‡bv‣`wnK m¤ú‡K©i wdwiw¯‭| bvixwUi g‡b hvZbvi †kl †bB| Zvi eqwm ¯^vgxi m‡½
†evSvcov †bB| Gi gv‡S hyeKwUi wfZ‡i †m Lyu‡R cvq Rxe‡bi, kix‡ii, †cÖ‡gi bZzb
e¨vKiY| bvmix‡bi wØZxq avivwUi AmsL¨ M‡íi welq-Avkq GmeB| ejvi g‡a¨ ïay
†UKwbKUvB Avjv`v| †hUzKz KveÜve¨ _v‡K †mUvI wgbwg‡b g‡b nq, †Rvi †bB| GKUv
A_©nxb fvlv‡gwKs e‡j g‡b nq| mwi bvmixb| Avi U‡ei Ak¦Ì M‡íi welq Kx? cÖvq
GiKg| kn‡ii GK‡N‡q A‡cÖg msmv‡i UecÖwZg Rxe‡bi m¾vq K…wÎgZvq nuvmdvm Kiv
GK bvixi mÄxebx cvIqvi Kvwnbx| Av‡iK cyi ‡li KvQ †_‡K †m Zvi mÜvb cvq| Z‡e
g~jZ kix‡ii ga¨w`‡qB Zvi bZzb Rxe‡bi Av¯^v`| kixi‡K Avb‱` Dc‡fvMjxjvi g‡a¨
cvIqv bv-cvIqvi bvmixbxq AsK¸‡jv G kZvãxi gyL¨ bvixev`x Rbvev wmgb `¨ ey¨‡fvqvi
ZË¡ †_‡K A‡bK Avjv`v Ges GKUz †Nvjv‡U ev fvmv fvmv| G M‡íi †Q‡jwU Avm‡j †K? †m
†Kv_v †_‡K wb‡q Av‡m mÄxebx? Zvi Ae¯ vb †Kv_vq wQj? †Kv_vKvi kixix KweivR †m‭Rvbv
evwK †_‡K hvq| d‡j MíUv GKUv AvZ¥eqv‡bi fv‡b GK‣iwLK n‡q ùvovq|
GKB iKg fvemve wb‡q †jLv n‡jI G‡jb †cvÕi weovj Avevi A‡bKUvB Avjv`v|
†Kb? ejvi-fvevi Ges web¨v‡mi †K․k‡j| GUv AvaywbK MíKv‡ii ÷vBj| d¨vkb bq| Avi
†k‡li w`‡K iƒc‡Ki †auvqv Iov‡bv eY©bv †`Lyb : †g‡qwU Zvi Zx¶è bL w`‡q BU †Lvjvi Rb¨
Zxeªfv‡e †`qv‡ji g‡a¨ AuvPo KvU‡Z _v‡K, Zv‡Z K‡i Zvi †f‡O co‡Z _v‡K bL †e‡q i³
Si‡Z _v‡K, n¨vq! ...†g‡qwU Kuvc‡Z _v‡K Avgvi ürwc‡Êi †kl dvwji DËvc w`‡q I‡K
euvPv‡bv hvq? †g‡qwU weov‡ji †kl kxZZg gyg~ly© AvZ©bv` ïb‡Z ïb‡Z †Ui cvq,
AvR ¯^vgxi cv‡k ï‡q †m mk‡ã wPrKvi K‡i DV‡Z cvi‡Q|
GKUv wg_‡K AvaywbK Rvgvbvq †U‡b ¯^vgx bvgK RjR¨v‰‭ cÖwZôvbwUi wei ‡× ¯¿x
bvgK `wj‡Zi Av‡jvob ev †`ªvn‡K †`Lv‡bvi †LjvUv R‡g D‡V‡Q|
cyi‚l ivRKzgvix MíUvI bMiRxe‡bi †cÖw¶Z †_‡K †Lvjmew‱` †g‡q‡K iƒcK_vi m~Î
a‡i gyw³i Ckviv †èvi †Póv| ¯^vZx‡jLv| wb‡R‡K †h Avwe®‥vi K‡i †evZ‡ji †fZi|
Avmgv‡bi †`qvj fvO‡jI †h a‡g©i †`qvj fvO‡Z cv‡iwb| Rbeûj kn‡ii w`‡K †nu‡U
hvIqvi ga¨w`‡q wK‡mi Bw½Z, AuvP Kiv hvq Ges Zv M‡íi GKUv Aw¯‭g kw³I †hvMvb
†`q|
c_, †n c_ M‡íi g‡a¨ mvBwKK A‡Uvev‡qvMÖvwdi †h Wvjcvjv Qov‡bv †m¸‡jv‡K
AviI dzjdj cjøweZ Kiv †hZ| g‡b n‡q‡Q GKUv e¨wZµgag©x Dcb¨v‡mi exRI jywK‡q
wQj †mLv‡b| Z‡e hv-B †nvK, M‡íi wbg©v‡Y †ek wKQyUv bZzbZ¡ Av‡Q gvb‡Z n‡e| MvwYwZK
µ‡gi ga¨w`‡q GK GKUv cwi‡‪Q` †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avi †mm‡ei g‡a¨ g‡a¨ 5-wPwýZ
cwi‡‪Q`wU AbïKg| KvOvj †PvL, KwVb †PvL, wb®úvc †PvL, G‡m †V‡K ZLb WvBfviwmwUi
gnË¡ AuvP Kiv hvq|
Av‡jv-cv_‡ii Uvb MíUv cyi lKz‡ji gvSLv‡b GKwU bvixi ü`qhvc‡bi nZvkv wb‡q
iwPZ| mijfv‡e ej‡j wUwcK¨vj| wK‰‧ wbg©v‡Yi ev Mo‡bi wKQy •ewk‡óï Kvi‡Y ¤øvb bq|
382
Z‡e Avjv`v K‡i wKQy Mí wb‡q K_v ejv ìKvi| †h¸‡jv welqfvebvq †ek D¾¡j|
PgrKvi| D ¢vebx ¶gZvq cÖLi| Gme Kvwnbx cvIqvi Rb¨ bvmixb Rvnvb‡K AwfÁZv ev
aviYvi ga¨w`‡q wb‡Ri †fZ‡iB A‡bK `~i ch©‰‭ †h‡Z n‡q‡Q|
Aek¨ wewfb′ `k©bvwqZ mvwnZïxwZi m‡½ Nwbô †hvMv‡hvM G KvRUv‡Z mvnvh¨
K‡i‡Q ejv hvq| Av‡jv-AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ gvby‡li iƒc‡K AveQv K‡i †`Lvi †LjvUv bvmixb
wk‡L‡Qb, iß K‡i‡Qb, wb‡Ri g‡Zv K‡i web¨¯‭ K‡i‡Qb| †hgb GKwU `xN©k¦v‡mi Wvjcvjv|
wZb eÜzi cÖK…wZwenv‡ii ev¯‭e hvÎvq GKwU Awaev¯‭e PwiÎ e„‡×i Dcw¯ wZ, Zvi Rxe‡bi
†e`bvNb Kvwnbx eqvb, GKRb hyeK‡K `~‡i †U‡b wb‡q Zvi AvwZ© cÖKvk Avevi k~‡b¨ wgwj‡q
hvIqv‭KvwnbxUv mijZvq GgbB| Avi †m e„‡×i Dcw¯ wZi Av‡M wmPz‡qkb •Zwii Rb¨
bvmix‡bi Aven •Zwii wW‡UBj Dc‡fvM¨| Avi ev‡Kï Kve¨ ev AjsKvi bvmix‡bi KL‡bv
KL‡bv `ye©jZv ev gy`ªv‡`vl n‡jI A‡bK mgq Zv †ek kw³ai| G Míi wW‡UBj †`Lyb|
...†n‡j`y‡j Mi‚i Mvwo Pj‡Q, e„wócv‡Zi ga¨w`‡q, euvke‡bi kbkb NyUNy‡U Auvavi Pzj wewQ‡q
w`‡q‡Q, GgbB cÖej kxZ ...ZLb †gN Zvi †Kvj †Q‡o †`q wkïPuv`‡K, nvgv¸wo w`‡q w`‡q
Puv` GKmgq ga¨ AvKv‡k| ...e„wói †mªvZ †_‡K †f‡m IVv P‡ii g‡Zv cÖK…wZ GLb Kuvmvi
_vjvi g‡Zv SKS‡K|
M‡í Ø‱Ø •Zwi‡Z bvmix‡bi Rywo †bB| †h e„× weKjv½ m‰‭vb‡K gyw³ †`qvi Rb¨
nZ¨v K‡i †d‡j, †m GKmgq KvivRxe‡b nVvr Dcjwä K‡i Zvi aviYv wVK wQj bv| wkïwUi
nvZ †Zv mej wQj| †m Zv wb‡q wbðq A‡bï MjMÖn bv n‡q wb‡RB euvP‡Z cviZ| GB
Aby‡kvPbv Zv‡K †kl K‡i †d‡j| Avi nZ¨v BZ¨vw` wb‡q Ck¦‡ii Avwef©v‡ei wgw_K¨vj Aven
•Zwi bvmix‡bi wUwcK¨vj Nivbv n‡jI GUv GKRb †jLK‡K ev¯‭eZvi mxgve× wP‰‭v †_‡K
wewfb′ AvBwWqv ev Acm‡b †h‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| †h iKg KvR j¨vwUb Av‡gwiKvi mvwnwZ¨Kiv
K‡i _v‡Kb| G Mí c‡o gcvmuvi †bK‡jm MíwUi K_v g‡b c‡o, †hLv‡b ¯^Y©nvi Pzwii
AvZ¥`v‡q mvivRxeb Kó‡fvMx †g‡q Zvi cwi‡kva Ki‡Z Ki‡Z cwi‡k‡l Rvb‡Z cv‡i Avm‡j
†m nvi bKj wQj| A_©vr Zvi mvivRxe‡bi cvc‡evaUv Ab_©K wQj; wK‰‧ ZLb Rxeb †Zv
†kl| we‡e‡Ki GB h‰¿Yv, cix¶v gvbeRxeb‡K gnvb †jLK‡ì Kv‡Q Kwócv_‡i Gfv‡e
hvPvB K‡i †`Lv‡Z †P‡q‡Q|
GiKg cÖwZ‡e‡k ev¯‭eZvi `vq-weewR©Z A_P Avwa‣`weK cÖwZ‡e‡k †auvqv‡U m‡Zï
†Ljv wb‡q †g‡Z IVvi †Ljv e„wói iv‡Z GKRb gvZvj| GB †`‡Lv, Avwg Avgvi †P․Ïcyi‚‡li
i³ cvwb KiwQ| Aw‰‭g †Kej G msjv‡ci ga¨w`‡qB MíwUi †gvo m¤ú~Y© cv‡ë †M‡Q|
g`‡Lv‡ii `vM‡iLvnxb, d¬vU PvwiÎ¨gyL †cvov `v‡M f‡i hvq| GUv wK wLª‡÷i i wU ev
g`¨cv‡bi Ava¨vwZ¥K m‡Zï †`ªv‡ni wewbg©vY? n‡Z cv‡i e„wói iv‡Z iv¯‭vq mUvb ùvov‡bv
GKRb‡K nZ¨v Kivi `vq wb‡q G g`‡Lvi cyi l `»| hLb Zvi nZ¨vKvix aiv c‡o hvq,
ZL‡bv Zvi Møvwb, `vq‡eva hvq bv|
G RM‡Zi mKj cÖvYnZ¨vi `vq wK Avgv‡ì mK‡jiB? †h †g‡i‡Q †h g‡i‡Q, †h
g‡i †h gv‡i me wK AvgviB Ask? bvmixb wK GUvB ej‡Z Pvb? Z‡e Zuv‡K wK fyj ejv hvq
cvVK? Avgiv mK‡jB Ly‡bi wbg©vZv| Avgv‡ì †Nvi AvZ¥vmw³, †g․bZv...mewKQy|
wRbvZ bv‡gi bvixwU GLv‡b GKRb wkíx| nZvkvi MfxiZvq µgk Wye‡Z _vKv
wRbvZ nVvr Lvov nq| KvD‡K Zvov Kivi fw½‡Z AwZµg K‡i| †m-B Ni| G Ni wRbv‡Zi
bvixRxe‡biB mxgvbv ïay bq, Zvi wkíRxe‡bi Zvi cÖwZ‡e‡kiI| nvq`vi, wKewiqv, eyjeyj,
383
ev`kv... AmsL¨ cyi leÜzi gvSLv‡b AvewZ©Z wRbvZü`q| gv‡Sga¨Kvi GK-GKwU Avb‱` ev
cyjK Qvov G P‡µ Zvi cvIqvi kvw‰‭i wKQy †bB| Zey †m Af¨¯‭| †Kb? Zvi Ø‱Ø ev AZ…wß
ev wkíg~jK AvKv‫¶‫‬vi RvqMvUv Kx? cyi l wb‡qB ïay wkícÖkvw‰‭i e„¶Qvqv iPbvm~Î nq
bvwK? fv¯‥‡h©i †fZi wRbvZ †Kvb AvwZ© ev wbtmviZvi e¨vcKZv Pvb? iƒcK_v, cÖK…wZ, ev¯‭
eZvi wg‡k‡j A‡bKw`‡bi g‡a¨ wRbvZ Ae‡k‡l fv¯‥h©wU wbg©vY K‡i| †mLv‡b b„Z¨ Av‡Q,
Zvj Av‡Q, Nb b¶Î Av‡Q, M¤¢xi cvnvo Av‡Q...Avi cy‡iv c„w_ex cv‡qi Zjvq †i‡L wRbvZ
wmuwo †e‡q Ic‡i I‡V, GZ †ewk `xc¨gvb †R¨vrmœv, GZ †ewk D¾¡j Av‡jvi we¯„vi| evK¨
wbg©v‡Y gv‡S gv‡S msh‡gi Afve LvwbKUv j¶ Kiv hvq‭†ewki c‡i we¯„vi LUKv jv‡M
...Pvicvk e„ËvKv‡i g„Zzï g‡Zv MÖvm K‡i‡Q †mªv‡Zi g‡Zv D¾¡j Av‡jv|
nu¨v, wk‡íi g‡a¨, ev¯‭eZvi GK‡N‡q Kivj †_‡K Ic‡ii wKQy fvebv‡ZB Ges wb‡Ri
†m fvebvi Aaiv AvKvi wbg©v‡Yi Avb‡‱`B Ae‡k‡l D‡Øj wRbvZ| GUv wK‰‧ bvmix‡bi G-
gZb cyi l-bvix m¤úK© Pqbg~jK Ab¨ M‡í †bB| ZvB e¨wZµg my‱ì| Z‡e MíwU LvwbKUv
Abvek¨K cÖjw¤^Z g‡b nq|
mgy`ªM‡f© P›`ªai MíwU‡Z bv‡gi AwZKvwe¨K weiw³ Qvov bZzbZ¡ wKQy †bB| B`vbxs
Gme Nibvq cvqPvwi Kivi cÖeYZvUv kw³gvb GB †jwLKv‡K Driv‡Z n‡e|
Avgvi Rb¥ wK A‡Uvev‡qvMÖvwd? †gUvwi‡qj? GKUv-we‡kl gZv`k© ev †`ªvn‡K
cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Rv÷ GKUv Kvwnbx duv`vi †Ljv? Z‡e msjv‡ci GKU Awek¦vm¨ ¶gZv GLv‡b
†`wL| Z…Zxqev‡ii g‡Zv ¯¿xi M‡f© ev K_‡Ki gv‡qi M‡f© Kb¨vm‰‭vb G‡j ¯^vgx ev K_‡Ki
evev Zvi kvjv‡K wbj©¾ K‡É Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb, ¯¿xi m‡½ wZwb Avi mnevm Ki‡eb bv| GiKg
De©i mnRjf¨ gvwU‡K kv‡q¯„v Kivi Zvi Avi †Kv‡bv c_ †bB|
fvlvi G kv‰‭ m‰¿vm bvmix‡bi bvixev`x cÖKv‡ki KK©kmy‱ì iƒc| M‡íi †k‡l
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cÖvq GKB iKg Mí AveŸv Av¤§v Avi Lvjv¤§vi Mí| ejv hvq Av‡Mi MíwUi DËi
Aa¨vq ev we¯‭vi| hv †nvK, G ai‡bi Mí¸‡jv KL‡bvB bvmixb Rvnv‡bi kw³i cÖwZwbwaZ¡
K‡i bv|
AvcvZZ GK_v ej‡Z cvwi, bvmixb Rvnvb M‡íi bvbvb c‡_ Nyi‡Qb, bvbvb euv‡K
wRwi‡q‡Qb, fvwe‡q‡Qb, Av‡jvwoZ K‡i‡Qb; †h ïfv_©xiv Zuv‡K GKUv Avmb w`‡q wbwðZ n‡q
†M‡Qb Zv‡ì‡KI ej‡Z n‡‪Q fyj, wbwðw‰‭i wKQy bvB, wZwb †Kv‡bv Avm‡b e‡m _vK‡eb bv,
wb‡R‡K e`‡j e`‡j µgvMZ nuvU‡Qb Ges nuvU‡eb|
[ †jLK: bvÆ e¨w³Z¡; bvUK iPwqZv, Awfbq wkíx, bvÆ wb‡`©kK I cÖewÜK| ]
384
gvgyb ûmvB‡bi Mí: g„Zy¨ ev nZ¨v wb‡q wg_
†gv ¯— dv Zv wi Kz j Av n mv b
¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUM‡íi bvbv m`_©K cwieZ©b †Pv‡L c‡o‭mvg~wnK mvgvwRK-

ivR‣bwZK-cUcwieZ©b Ges Zvi cÖwZwµqv e¨w³Rxe‡b wKiƒc dj e‡q Av‡b Gme †QvUM‡í
wbcyYfv‡e bvbv wbix¶vag©x M‡`¨ Avgiv Zv j¶ KiwQ| hwÌ AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi †mB
bT_©K Dw³‡K (evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí Kx g‡i hv‡‪Q) Avgiv ¯§i‡Y ivwL Zey Avgiv Lye nZvk
bB, we‡klZ hLb Avwk ev be″B `k‡Ki GK¸‪Q MíKvi Avgv‡ì wmwiqvm DËxY© M‡íi
w`‡K nvZQvwb w`‡‪Q Aweivg| cÖPwjZ avivi evB‡i wM‡q Guiv bvbv gvÎvi Av‡qvRb K‡i
P‡j‡Qb wbqwgZ| Gu‡ì wP‰‭v‡PZbv wef‚wZ †gav cVb-cvVb Ges wbR¯^ e¨vL¨v Kivi ¶gZv,
Gu‡ì‡K Avjv`v K‡i‡Q Ab¨‡ì †_‡K| GBme MíKvi‡ì g‡aÏ gvgyb ûmvBb‡K m½Z
Kvi‡Y Avjv`vfv‡e we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq| †mB we‡ePbvi †nZz nj gvgy‡bi Mí ejvi aib,
welqe¯‧ wbe©vPb, KvVv‡gv-web¨vm, b¨viv‡k‡bi bZzb ÷vBj Ges m‡e©vcwi wbR¯^ Rxeb‡eva|
eQicuv‡PK Av‡M Zuvi GKwU MíMÖ‰  cvV-cÖwZwµqvq Avwg wj‡LwQjvg, gvgyb †Kv‡bv cÖPj
avivq Mí †j‡Lb bv, wZwb Avm‡j Mí ey‡b †Zv‡jb wkíx cvwLi g‡Zv PwiÎ Kvwnbx cøU
BZ¨w` Zvi Kv‡Q ¸i Z¡c~Y© bq| eis wZwb GKUv RxebcÖYvjx‡K ev cÖwµqv‡K fvlïƒc †`b|
†m Rxeb †MvQv‡jv bq, avivevwnK bq wech©¯‭ fq¼i mxgvnxb †e`bvq wbcwZZ wZwb †mB
Rxe‡bi me Mí e‡jb bv, †hUzKz e‡jb †ek Zvwi‡q Zvwi‡q, m¨vUvqv‡ii Zxeª Rvi‡K| Avevi
Zvi †ewkifvM MíB Mínxb, KL‡bv-ev PwiÎnxb, Avevi KL‡bv GK PwiÎ Ab¨ Pwi‡Îi g‡a¨
Xz‡K c‡o, å  †KuvPKvq, D‡ËwRZ K‡i| †cÖw¶Zwe‱`yi `ª Z I Nb Nb cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y
mvaviY, Ag‡bv‡hvMx cvVK †nuvPU Lvq| GKUv big eo ms‡e`bkxj `‡Êi Mv‡q wZwb Aweivg
Zvi †QvU †QvU Avjwc‡bi g‡Zv †kø‡li ûj †dvUvb| fvlvi †gvRvBK, im, †køl I eY© bvi
wbcyY †K․k‡j cvVK AvVv‡jv GKUv ¯^v‡` AvU‡K hvb, M‡íi K_v Pwi‡Îi K_v Zvi g‡b _v‡K
bv| ejvevûj¨, Zvi cÖavb PwiÎ gvbyl bq Amn¨ AvaywbK gvbe Ges Zvi cwiwa evsjv‡`k
f‚LÊ Qvwo‡q `~iwe‡k¦ Qwo‡q c‡o| •kke ev •K‡kv‡ii wKQz b÷vjwRK ¯§„wZ‡K wZwb M‡í
nvwZqvi wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡ib, M‡íi RvgvKvc‡oi gZb wKsev cÖmvabxi KvRI K‡i Gme|
A‡b‡K GB¸‡jv‡K Mí e‡j fzj K‡i| ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x evsjv‡`‡ki hveZxq A‣bwZK
cwieZ©b‡K wZwb Zuvi †jLvi welqe¯‧ K‡i‡Qb †mw`K wZwb wZwb cÖPÊ mvgvwRK †jLK wK‰‧
Zvi M‡í wZwb Gme cÖm½‡K Dc¯ vcb K‡ib Zvi wbR¯^ ÷vB‡j| ivóªh‡‰¿i bvbvb K‚UPv‡j
e¨w³Rxeb hLb `ywe©ln †mB Ae¯ vq †ivgvw‱UK †Kv‡bv AvL¨vb wZwb wjL‡Z cv‡ib bv, d‡j
wbR¯^ fvlvq AmvaviY eY©bv †`b †mB cwicvk¦©‡K|
Avwg A‡b‡Ki Kv‡Q ï‡bwQ Zviv gvgy‡bi Mí‡K eyS‡Z cv‡ib bv, Zv‡ì gv_vq wSg
a‡i hvq| d‡j †Kv‡bv Mí †kl Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| Gi KviY e¨vL¨v Kivi B‡‪Q Avgvi †bB-
kyay GUzKz ej‡Z cvwi-†h Rxeb Avgiv hvcb KiwQ †m Rxeb Nb AÜKv‡i wbcwZZ, nvRv‡iv
385
mgm¨vq AvKxY©, mvg~wnK gvbweK wech©q‡K wb‡q mv`vgvUv †ivgvw‱UK Mí †jLvi mgq GLb
bq| gvgyb †mUv Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, ZvB †mB RwUj RxebcÖYvjx‡K cvV‡Ki mvg‡b Dcw¯ Z
Ki‡Z Zv‡K GKwU RwUj c×wZi g‡a¨ w`‡q †h‡Z nq| Z‡e ¯úó †h Rxe‡bi Mfxi h‰¿Yvi
K_vB wZwb e‡jb me mgq, e‡jb bvbv Ave‡ni m‡½ wgwj‡q bvbv Kvjci¤úivq bvbv PwiÎ I
cÖm‡½i bv‱`wbK eyw×`xß mgev‡q| Pwi‡Îi †fZ‡ii wfb′ wP‰‭v‡mªvZ‡K wZwb cÖengvb K‡ib
g~jZ Lbb cÖwµqv hv bT_©K cwi‡ek •Zwi K‡i mZ¨ Z‡e †jLK †mB gwjb Amy¯  `xY©
cÖm½‡K mimfv‡e fuvovwg bv-K‡i Dc¯ vcb K‡ib|
Zuvi GB Aóg MíMÖ‰ I Zvi g~j iPbvfw½‡K cÖwZwbwaZ¡ K‡i| kv‰‭ m‰¿v‡mi Puv`gvwi,
gvby‡li g„Zz¨ n‡j, K‡qKRb mvgvb¨ gvbyl, wbi ‡Ïk cÖK‡íi cÖwZfv, GKwU ¯§viKMÖ‡‰ i
RxebcÖYvjx BZ¨vw` MÖ‡‰  gvgyb g~jZ †e`bv‡eva Øviv Avµv‰‭w‭ b‡Ri wKsev Avkcv‡ki gvb‡li
avivewnK `ytLKvwnbx wb‡q gvgyb Aweivg Qwe Gu‡K P‡j‡Qb: Zvi mg‡qi RxebhvÎv
mgvReë¯ v, e¨w³Awf‡¶c, gvqvgq wKsev wecb′ •kke Zv‡K AvcøyZ K‡i‡Q| GBme gv_vq
wb‡q wZwb memgq P‡jb KL‡bv M‡í KL‡bv Ab¨ iPbvq KL‡bv M‡`¨ Avevi M‡`ï g‡a¨
AmvaviY Kve¨ ggZvq Zvi †e`bvwgwkªZ †K․Z~nj ev Abyfe‡e`¨ Abyl½‡K wZwb Pvwi‡q †`b
cvV‡Ki g‡a¨| †h G-im cvb Ki‡Z e¨_© †m †h AfvMv Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv m‡‱`n †bB| hv‡nvK,
wZbwU Mí wb‡q GB MÖ‰ wU iwPZ Av‡gwi‡Mv w` A¨vÛ †Mg, wKwjs †gwkb †m‡fb GBU wm· I
Gfwi Iqvb ivBUm Uz K‡b©j; wZbwUi g‡a¨ mvhyR¨ Av‡Q Avevi †bBI| cÖ_g MíwU
Av‡gwiKvb mvgªvRëv`‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB nq‡Zv iwPZ hLb mviv c„w_exi gvbyl Av‡gwiKv
bvgK c¨vivmvBU Øviv Avµv‰‭| hwÌ K‡qKwU Pwi‡Îi e¨w³MZ cÖm½‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB wZwb
Kvwnbx •Zwi K‡i‡Qb Zey †evSv hvq Av‡gwiKv GLv‡b Ab¨Zg cÖm½| Zey GLv‡bI g„Zy¨ nvbv
†`q cÖvqk| Kzwóqv kn‡ii †h hyeK •kk‡e Amxg Kó K‡i †jLvcov K‡i GKmgq Av‡gwiKv
cvwo †`q Ges ¯¿x-m‰‭vbmn Av‡gwiKv _v‡K Zv‡K †K‱`ª K‡iB MíwU AvewZ©Z n‡q‡Q| Z‡e
GKmgq m‡‱`n †h hvi •kke eY©bv Kiv nj †mB-B Av‡gwiKv cvwo w`‡qwQj wKbv| Aek¨
Zv‡Z M‡íi †Kv‡bv ¶wZe„w× nq bv| hv‡nvK cÖKvk, g„wËKv, nxi , wKsev •kk‡e bvbv K‡ó
_vKv evj‡Ki Rxebhvcb, Av‡gwiKvi †R․jy‡mi eY©bv, wn‱`y‡ì †`kZ¨vM, Uvbv‡cv‡ob A_ev
welcyKzi wb‡q †jLK †h Av‡qvRb K‡ib Zv‡Z cvVK †ek mPwKZ n‡q I‡Vb, wKQzUv
wenejZv Zv‡K MÖvm K‡i| g~jZ MíwU cÖKvk‡K wb‡q †jLv Ges Av‡gwiKvi mvgªvRëv`x
g‡bvfve Ges Zvi cÖPÊ AvKl©‡Y †m †`‡k cvwo †èvi g‪Qe wb‡q †jLK GKwU Amvgvb¨
AvL¨vb Avgv‡ì Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb| Z‡e j¶ Kiv hv‡e †h GLv‡bI g„Zz¨welqK ev gvbweK
bvbv Kó wb‡q †jLK‡K †ek Zrci †`Lv †M‡Q, Ges †kl ch©‰‭ MíwU Avgv‡ì welv‡ì MvbB
†kvbvvq| •kk‡ei mvovRvMvwbqv b÷vjwRK ¯§„wZ MíKvi wewfb′ mgq eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb|
Kzwóqv kni wKsev Ki‡Zvqv b`x •kk‡e nxi  ev cÖKvk‡K Kxfv‡e AvcøyZ K‡i, mg¯‭ Rxeb
a‡i ¯§„wZRvMvwbqv n‡q _v‡K †m K_v evi evi wd‡i Av‡m †jL‡Ki eY©bvq| Z‡e •kke ev
Afve-Kó wb‡q A_ev gv-fvB-†evb-†jLvcov wb‡q eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q †jLK Avgv‡ì wb`vi Y
Kvb′vi RM‡Z wb‡q hvb|Õ GB †`vjvP‡j, `~i kni †_‡K gvgv Gj †ijMvwoi Mí ïwb, nq‡Zv
gvgv‡K wb‡q †eov‡Z †eov‡Z †nviv mvMi †`L‡Z wM‡qwQ| b`xi Rj ¯‥z‡ji †eÂ, gvwU,
Avg-KuvVv‡ji evMvb Ges isivR bv‡gi GK Sjg‡j †Mv-kveK‡K Zr¶Yvr wM‡j †d‡j‡Q|
gvby‡li wPrKvi Ges Kjie †kvbv hvq| g„Z †Mver‡mi †kvK D`hvc‡b gv D‡Vv‡b wfiwg
Lvq| gv‡qi Avmb′ g„Zz¨ wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ KwZcq wfewiI-K‡jwi ZLb i‡³i †fZi msmvi
386
Mo‡Z ïi  K‡i‡Q| evev wkwki G‡RwÝ †c‡q Avb‡‱` wb‡LuvR; GKevi UvKv cvVvb, GKevi
cvVvb-bv| Avgiv Ava‡ejv Lvevi cvB, cvB bv| mevB‡K ay‡jv †`qvi Rb¨ mÜ¨vq cyKz‡i gv
Avi w`w` wg‡QwgwQ evmb ay‡Z bv‡g| gv I w`wì m¤§v‡b wfewiI-K‡jwi Avgv‡ì evwo‡Z
_vb cv‡Zb, ¶gZvevb nb d‡j †fèwgi gvqvwe ¯ú‡k© w`w` Ges gv `y-GK †ejvi g‡a¨B
RgR †ev‡bi g‡Zv ZzjwmZjvq Nywg‡q c‡ob| G‡ì k¥kvbhvÎvi Kv‡j †ng‡‰‭i AiY¨ Ges
k‡l©‡¶Z cvwo w`‡Z eva¨ nB| k‡l©i njy` MÜ, b`xi ¶xi-Kv`v Ges gv‡qi cy‡o hvIqv
`y»`vwqbx ey‡Ki QvB Avgvi Mjvq †j‡M _vK‡j, mnmv gyQ‡Z B‡‪Q K‡i bv| QvB-†m′ngq
nvZ Avgvi Pz‡ji wfZi †Ljv Ki‡j †mw`b mycÖPzi Kvb′v Kivi my‡hvM cvB|Õ †evSv hvq gv-
w`w` nviv‡bv evevi wbi ‡Ïk nIqv Ges cybivq we‡q K‡i gv‡qi cyi‡bv ¯§„wZm¤^j wewµ K‡i
w`‡q evevi mv‡_ bZzb RvqMvq cvwo †`qv wK‡kvi‡K wb‡q †jLK GKUv M‡íi nvjKv
†iLvfvm dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z Pvb| hwÌ †jLK e¨w³MZ Kvwnbx‡K eo bv-K‡i ej‡Qb Av‡gwiKv
g‡b K‡i †m GLb c„w_exi me‡P‡q eo MíKvi| A_©vr †m hv ej‡e gvbyl‡K Zv ïb‡Z n‡e|
Z‡e Av‡MB †hgb e‡jwQ M‡íi w`‡K Zvi AvMÖn Kg, ZvB wZwb cÖKvk wKsev Av‡gwiKv wb‡q
e¨¯‭ n‡q c‡ob| eûevPwbK †cÖ¶Ywe‱`y eënvi K‡i bvbv Mí‡K GKmv‡_ wg‡kj K‡i w`‡q
†jLK †hfv‡e GwM‡q hvb Zv‡Z cvVK wKQzUv weåv‰‭ n‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e †evSv hvq G Mí
g~jZ cÖKvk‡K wb‡q †h •kk‡e bvbv Kó AwZµg K‡i Av‡gwiKv cvwo †`q| GB e„Ëv‡‰‭i
gv‡S †jLK Zvi ejevi K_v¸‡jv K_vg„‡Zi e‡j †d‡jb, e‡jb Ggb fw½‡Z †h cvVK
wKQyUv †gvwnZ n‡q _v‡Kb|
ÔwKwjs †gwkb †m‡fb GBU wm·Õ MíwU eqb Kiv n‡q‡Q RxweZ Ae¯ vq g„Zzï †NvlYv
†kvbv Ges wb`vi Y g„Zz¨fq wb‡q †eu‡P _vKv GKRb †jLK‡K wb‡q| evsjv‡`‡k
¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax mv¤cÖ`vwqK †g․jev`x kw³i nv‡Z me Am¤cÖ`vwqK Kvh©Kjvc‡K hLb Mjv
wU‡c i × Kivi cwiKíbv Pj‡Q ZLb GKRb †jLK Zvi wei ‡× AwM′Mf© e³…Zv K‡ib, e¯‧Z
hv wQj me cÖMwZkxj gvby‡li c‡¶ Zvi Zxeª cÖwZev`| Gi Rev‡e †g․jev`x msMV‡bi
QvÎd«‱U GB †jLK‡K AevwÃZ †NvlYv K‡i Ges Zviv `c©f‡i e‡j, Zviv Zv‡K w`LwÊZ K‡i
Zvi jvk e‡½vcmvM‡i wb‡¶c Ki‡e| Aweivg Zviv †jLK‡K †Uwj‡dv‡b ûgwK w`‡Z _v‡K,
Zvi evB‡i †ei ‡bv wbwl× K‡i| evwo e‡m g„Zz¨‡K Avwj½b Ki‡Z _v‡Kb GB †jLK|
cÖkvmb Zv‡K GKwe‱`y mvnvh¨ K‡i bv| GB Rxeb¥„Z Ae¯ vi gg©¯úk©x eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb gvgyb
ûmvBb| cÖwZwbqZ g„Zzï ¯^v` †c‡Z _vKv GB †jLK nvmvb AvwRRyj nK| †jLK cÖvq
mivmwi GB cÖ_g M‡í mZ¨ NUbv eënvi Ki‡jb| Avgvi hviv nvmvb AvwRRyj nK ev
gvgyyb ûmvBb‡K wPwb Zviv ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq mswkøó GB NUbv m¤ú‡K© IqvwKenvj|
GK`j wk¶K †g․jev`x GB QvÎmsMV‡bi c‡¶ wee„wZI w`‡qwQj| MíwU †jLvi Rb¨
gvgyb‡K mevB nq‡Zv Lye mvnmx †jLK ej‡eb| Z‡e †m wel‡q †Zv gvgy‡bi †Kv‡bv AvMÖn
Av‡Q e‡j Avgv‡ì g‡b nq bv| KviY gvgyb `vqe× wk‡íi Kv‡Q| ZvB cÖvq mZ¨ NUbv‡K
wb‡q gvgyb hLb Mí †j‡Lb ZLb wk‡íi b‱`b I k„‫‫‬Ljv †g‡b P‡jb| gvgyb ïay g„Z¨`Ê bq
eis nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki e¨w³MZ Rxeb PvKwiRxeb, KwjM, cwðgevsjvi ea©gv‡b Zvi
wb‡Ri •kk‡ei ¯§„wZ, †evb Rvnvbviv, †Q‡j †g․wj, †ZvZb wb‡Ri †jLv‡jwL hveZxq welq
gvgyb Z_¨ wn‡m‡e eënvi K‡ib| Z‡e KLbI g‡b nq bv wZwb m„RbkxjZvi evB‡i Av‡Qb
eis GK Avbyf‚wZK D‪PviY j¶ Kiv hvq Zvi cÖwZwU ev‡K¨| g„Zz¨ wb‡q †h h‰¿Yv mviv¶Y
†jLK‡K ZvwoZ K‡i, g„Zyï †h wbKU-Dcjwä ev Av‡qvRb ev mnevm Zv‡K gvgyb †hb
387
LvwbKUv exfrmfv‡e eY©bv K‡ib| hwÌ Zvi g~j eybb m¨vUvqvi mn‡hv‡M Pj‡Z _v‡K Zey
g„Zz¨ wb‡q G †hb GK Awbevh© Dcjwä nq cvV‡Ki| Zvi m¨vUvqv‡ii Z‚‡Y cÖMwZkxj
wk¶KmgvRI ev` hvb bv| GLv‡b hwÌ wZwb †gvUvgywU nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡K w_Zz n‡q‡Qb
ejv hvq Z‡e bvbv Abyl‡½i †fZ‡i Xz‡K c‡o‡Qb cÖvqk| Aek¨ Zv‡Z M‡íi †g․j PwiÎ
wb‡q †Kv‡bv mskq _v‡K bv| eY©bvfw½i PgrKvwiZ¡ GLv‡bI cvVK j¶ Ki‡eb| gvgy‡bi
AmvaviY evwM¥Zvq cvVK A‡bK mgq eyS‡Z cv‡ib bv wZwb †Kv_vq wQ‡jb| cyÎ †g․wji K_v
ej‡Z wM‡q cÖ‡dmi nK Av‡iv A‡bK K_v fve‡Z _v‡Kb cy‡Îi m‡½ mgy‡`ª cvo †Nu‡l MvQ
jvwM‡q w`w‪Q G iKg †Kv‡bv Qwe †`‡LwQ wK? †Q‡jwUi Lye RjZ…òv| mvivw`b †nu‡U †nu‡U
GKwU Kzqvi cv‡k Gjvg: †K †hb GBgvÎ Rj wb‡q wd‡i †M‡Q| Kzqvi Rj Kuvc‡Q Avi
†Svjv‡bv evjwZ †`vj †L‡Z †L‡Z AvIqvR Ki‡Q| Kzqvi †fZi gyL w`‡q Avgiv `yÕRb Amg
eq‡mi gvbyl wg‡QwgwQ wPrKvi Kijvg; wb‡R‡ì wbK bvg a‡i WvKjvg, wb‡R‡ì Avb‡‱ì
K_v ejjvg, Avi nvm‡Z nvm‡Z †Pv‡L Rj Gj| wPwV fuvR K‡i cÖ‡dmi nK fve‡jb, eûw`b
cy‡Îi Ni †Lvjv nqwb| †QvÆ GKwU Kv‡Pi Avjgvwi‡Z Ii •kke-•K‡kv‡ii †eMvUwj,
nvi‡gvwbKv, †nvwgI wkwki †fZi jvj ¸wUKq †cvKvi gwg A_ev Rxevk¥ (†QvwU †gvwU wcucov
ewU/ †Z‡i gvgv jvWz jvqv/ jvj ìRv †Lvj †`), wZb PvKvi Dci KvZ n‡q ùvwo‡q _vKv
†iwmsKvi Avi evB‡bvKzjvi| evB‡bvKzjvi ¯úk© K‡i‡j, GwU `Lj Kivi B‡‪Q Rv‡M nK
mv‡n‡ei cÖ‡dmi †`‡Lb wcucov Mv †e‡q, gv_v †e‡q nuvU‡Z †ewi‡q‡Q| Z‡e nvU‡Z nvU‡Z
Ab¨ GK evwoi MvQ-cvZvq Xz‡K co‡Q| evwoi Mv †_‡K D‡o hvIqv myowK Ges a~‡ci MÜ|
evwoi Kvwb©k †e‡q e‡Ui †kKo †b‡g G‡m‡Q Af¨_©bvi fw½‡Z, Avi †fZi †_‡K ivM `yM©vi
ew‱`k †f‡m Avm‡Q| GUv wK mvab`vi Mjv? wkevYxi w`‡K †`L‡Z cvw‪Q Av‡jv Avwd«Kv
KweZv Ave„wË Ki‡Q| Iw`KUvq Wvey‡ì evwo| Av‡jvi wK gb Lvivc? RyUwgj †_‡K
†ei ‡bvi c‡_ wgwjUvwi †c‡Uªvj Mvwo‡Z fvwM′ MUÛUªvcW; Zvici eva¨Zvg~jK Kb‡mb‡Uªkb
K¨v¤ú; K‡e Qvov †c‡qwQj g‡b †bB,... GLb hv‡K wcwUGmwW e‡j, ZvB! fvBm P¨v‡Ýji
mv¾v` mv‡ne Avevi ag‡K w`‡q‡Q †Zvgvi wei ‡× Awf‡hvM Av‡Q| †Zvgvi N‡i BwcAvi-Gi
†nj‡gU cvIqv †M‡Q Avi nvwee e¨vs‡Ki UvKv bvwK †Zvgvi N‡i fvM ev‡Uvqviv n‡q‡Q|
ï‡bwQ Av‡jv f‚‡Zi fq cvq| Gevi ïi  nj gvby‡li fq, GB gvÎ Lei n‡q‡Q, nweeyi
ingvb mv‡n‡ei mv‡n‡ei 19-we UzBb †KvqvU©vi wbwðý| b‡f¤î †_‡K myLiÄb mgvÏvi
wgwms| A‡¼i gywRei mv‡ne, †mB †h wgwjUvwi wR‡c P‡o‡Qb, Avi bvg‡Z cv‡ibwb| evU
wjmb, fvBm P¨v‡Ýji W. †nvmv‡qb AeÁvq Ae‡njvq Av‡jv‡K fq-fq GK Avk¦vmevYx
†kvbvb Iiv hw` †Zvgv‡K ¸wj Ki‡Z Pvq, Zvn‡j Kcv‡ji gvSLv‡b e‡jv| BU weªsm
†cBb‡jm †W_, Gë‡mvwiDUwj †cBb‡jm|
cÖK…Zc‡¶ gvgyb eZ©gvb †g․jev`x `j I cvwK¯‭vwb nvbv`vi evwnbxi wbg©g
Kvh©Kjvc‡K Dc¯ vcb Ki‡Z Pvb cÖ‡dmi n‡Ki Rxeb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L| GKB m‡½ gvgyb
wbcyYfv‡e cÖZx‡Ki Avkªq wb‡q eY©bv K‡ib cÖ‡dmi n‡Ki Rxebh‰¿Yv‡K| †g․wji †QvU‡ejvi
†Ljvi Rb¨ Rgv‡bv †nvwgIc¨vw_i wkwk‡Z fiv jvj wcuc‡o Avm‡j M„new‱` nvmvb AvwRRyj
nK| ew‱` wcuc‡oi g‡Zv Zv‡KI †h †Kv‡bv mgq †Lqvj-Lywk g‡Zv †g‡i †dj‡e
†L‡jvqv‡oiv| g„Zzï Zxeª bxj †e`bvgq Abyf~wZi ¯^v` wb‡Z wb‡Z K¬v‰‭ Aemb′ Aa¨vcK
•kk‡ei heMÖv‡g wd‡i hvb wKsev ARq b`x wKsev Kvkxk¦ix we`¨vj‡q| GB me K_v †f‡e
nq‡Zv wZwb g„Zz¨fq wKQz¶‡Yi Rb¨ Gov‡Z cv‡ib| †_‡K †_‡K Avevi g„Zz¨`‡Êi ûwjqv
388
gv_vq fi K‡i evev †`vqv eLk K‡e gvwU n‡q †M‡Qb| gv †bB| fvB ï‡q Av‡Q dzjZjvq|
Avi Avwg A‡c¶v KiwQ, g„Zz¨`Ê †K Rv‡b KLb Kvh©Ki nq| g„Zz¨‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbv‡bi mvnm
nq‡Zv AR©b KiwQ c~e©cyi ‡li ¯§iY K‡i| GLb mviv evwo Ny‡i Ny‡i heMÖvg, Kvkxk¦ix
we`¨vjq Avi †`L‡Z cvB GKwU b`x GB b`x‡K Avwg †kl ch©‰‭ Rq Ki‡Z cvwiwb| g„Z¨`Ê
Kvh©Ki nIqvi Av‡M GKevi wK ARq b`x‡Z Wze w`‡q hveZxq cvc öjb Kiv hvq|Ó Avevi
KL‡bv Zvi •Zwi PwiÎiv Zv‡K m½ †`q| GK-GKUv PwiÎ‡K wb‡q †jLK fve‡Z _v‡Kb|
ivgkiY ev‡mZ wKsev evYx Giv Rxe‰‭ n‡q I‡V| Avevi fv‡eb †jLK n‡Z PvIqvi Rb¨ Zvi
wK mwZ¨ Lye B‡‪Q wQj| wek¦we`¨vj‡q `jxq ivRbxwZi mg‡q †Kv‡bv wK Ab¨vq K‡i‡Qb?
g¨v‡qvc¨vw_‡Z Avµv‰‭ ûBj †Pqv‡i nuvU‡Z _vKv weªwjqv‱U †Q‡jwU‡K wZwb PvKwi w`‡Z
cv‡iwb| g„Zzï GB KvQvKvwQ mg‡q Zvi AZxZKv‡ji me Awbq‡gi K_v g‡b c‡o Gme wK
cvc? bv-cvc-cyY¨ wb‡q wZwb †Zv KL‡bv fv‡ebwb| †f‡e‡Qb gvbeZvi K_v, gvbem‰‭v‡bi
Am¤¢e m¤¢vebvi K_v, Zv‡ì bvvb AvKzwZi K_v| Zey Avevi g„Zz¨fq Zv‡K MÖvm K‡i, wZwb
Gov‡Z cv‡ib bv| †m Rb¨ g„Zz¨‡K wb‡q Av‡qvRb K‡ib, wKfv‡e G‡K mn‡R †gvKvwejv Kiv
hvq Zv wb‡qI fv‡eb| wKfv‡e g„Zz¨‡K Avwj½b Ki‡eb Zv-I †f‡e iv‡Lb, bvg †`b GB
Gwc‡mv‡Wi w` ev_© Ae Uªgv! gv‡qi D¤^ †_‡K wQU‡K cov gvÎB Avgv‡ì Awbt‡kl †e`bvgq
w`b ïi  n‡q hvq| Avevi g‡b K‡ib KLb Av‡jv wb‡f †M‡Q m~‡h©i! eBUv nv‡Z-B Av‡Q,
wK‰‧ mewKQz ZLb fvwi A_©nxb n‡q c‡o| gvbyl ey‡ov n‡q †M‡jI wK ZvB nq? †Pv‡Li
¶gZv K‡g qvq| cyuwZi ev· †_‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq iO Lyu‡R cvIqv hvq bv| †hme eÜz‡ì m‡½
†nu‡U †nu‡U Ai‡Y¨ †cv÷g¨vb n‡qwQjvg †cQb †_‡K Ab¨ Mvwo nY© w`‡‪Q| wK‰‧ WªvBfvi
Z¶zwY AÜ n‡q hvIqvq Avi ÷vU© w`‡Z cvi‡Q bv, †h Ac_vj‡gvjwR÷ cix¶v KiwQ‡jb
Avgv‡ì, wZwbI AÜ n‡q hvIqvq Avi †ivMx †`L‡Z cvi‡jb bv| Gici AÜZ¡ †Quvqv‡P
†iv‡M cwiYZ nj| GKRb †j. †Rbv‡ij, GKRb ivóªcwZ, GKRb cÖavbg‰¿x Avi KwZcq
AemicÖvß wePvicwZ we‡kl Aa¨v‡`‡k AÜ gvbyl¸‡jv‡K cvwV‡q w`‡jb G¨vmvBjv‡g, †hb
Ab¨ gvby‡liv †`Lvi †PvL nvwi‡q bv-†d‡j| GKevi †f‡ewQ, GiKg Mí gvbyl cQ‱` K‡i
wK? Avwg M‡íi bvg e`jvB Bb †cÖBR Ae WvK©‡bm!
nq‡Zv GB †jLK GUvB Ki‡Z Pvb| g„Zz¨ b‡q GKwU bZzb wg‡_i Rb¥ wZwb w`‡Z
_v‡Kb µgk| cÖ‡dmi n‡Ki Rxeb‡K mvg‡b †i‡L gvgyb †h eqbKg© Avgv‡ì Dcnvi †`b
Zv‡Z g„Zz¨ bvgK welqwU Ggbfv‡e Avg‡ì mvg‡b Dcw¯ Z nq †h-Avgiv Avi †Kv‡bv weKí
fve‡Z cvwi bv| g‡b nq g„Zz¨‡K wZwb †gvnbxq K‡i Zzj‡Qb, Awbevh© K‡i Zzj‡Qb, Ges
GKB m‡½ Gi cÖwZwµqvI wZwb †`Lv‡‪Qb GKRb g„Zz¨`Ê cÖvß gvby‡li Rxe‡b| g‡b ivLv
cÖ‡qvRb †h GB `Ê ivóªc¶ †_‡K Avm‡Q bv Ges wZwb wb‡Ri N‡i e‡m Avmb′ g„Zzï Qwe
†`L‡Z cv‡‪Qb| GKwU ¯^vaxb †`‡k, MYZvw‰¿K †`‡k, Gi †P‡q eo Uª¨v‡RwW Avi Kx n‡Z
cv‡i? gvgy‡bi cÖavb mvdj¨ nq‡Zv GB †h g„Zz¨‡K wb‡q wZwb GKwU wk‡ívËxY© AvL¨vb
Avgv‡ì Dcnvi w`‡q‡Qb Ges Ggb GKwU kvwYZ I imgq fvlv wZwb eënvi K‡iQb †h
g„Zz¨welqK GB AvL¨vb ïb‡Z Avgv‡ì weiw³ jv‡M bv eis Avgiv Rxe‡bi bZzb Dcjwä
Lyu‡R cvB| n‡Z cv‡i GB †PZbv FYvZ¡K ev gwe©W ZeyI Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Zv Awbevh©| Aweivg
g„Zz¨welqK bvbv cÖm½, cÖwZwµqv, Z_¨, cvV, †jL‡Ki e¨w³MZ Abyf‚wZ Ges fqvZ© eY©bv
cvVK‡K wknwiZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e gvgyb fvlv I eY©bvi GK Abycg †K․kj (†K․kj ejv
Qvov Avi wK-ev c_ Av‡Q) eënvi K‡ib| d‡j cvVK g„Zz¨‡K wb‡q ZZUv fqvZ© nq bv hZUv
389
cvevi K_v| Gi m‡½ cÖ‡dmi n‡Ki gvbwmK h‰¿Yvi GKUv e„nr cwimi Avgiv †c‡q hvB|
Ges mwZ¨ ej‡Z Kx g„Zz¨ wb‡q GKUv wg_ Avgv‡ì gv_vq fi K‡i| wK‰‧ cvkvcvwk GUvI
wVK GB nZ¨v g„Zz¨ welqK Abyl‡½ †eu‡P _vKvi cÖej B‡‪QI evievi e¨³ nq| A_©vr †jLK
nq‡Zv g„Zzï ga¨w`‡q Rxe‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ev c„w_ex‡Z †eu‡P _vKvi A`g¨ AvKzwZ‡K cÖKvk
Ki‡Z Pvb| †hgb cÖ‡dmi nK e‡jb `qv K‡i †KD Nygv‡eb bv| hw` Lyb n‡q hvB, GB
K_v¸‡jv †Zvgv‡ì‡K Avgvi ejvi Av‡Q| Nygv‡bvi Av‡M wcøR Avgvi K_vUv ej‡Z `vI! Lyb
nIqvi c‡iI Avgvi GKUv Amy¯ Zv †_‡K †eu‡P, mvsNvwZKfv‡e †eu‡P _vKvi †jvf! Hw`b
Avwg Lyb n‡q hvB, Rvwb Avwg †eu‡P _vKe †W_‡m‡ji †`vqvq Ges †Zvgv‡ì Ab‰‭Kv‡j
¯§„wZ‡Z| GKevi wK KweZv‡K mnvq K‡i `y-GKwU K_v ejv hvq? aiv hvK, Avwg †eu‡P AvwQ
AivMui KweZvi g‡a¨, †h KweZvi cÖwZwU cO&w³‡Z Av‡Q AvMvgx †h my‱ì †mw`‡bi K_v|
Avwg †eu‡P _vKe wcKv‡mvi †k¦Z cvive‡Z| †eu‡P _vKe †ivem‡bi Mv‡b mviv RMrRy‡o; Avi
†eu‡P _vKe mn‡hv×v‡ì cÖvY‡Lvjv weRqx nvwmi g‡a¨ A_ev BUfvUvi kªwgK‡ì mwÜ¨
Avm‡ii †fZi!Õ nq‡Zv †eu‡P _vKvi GB Zxeª AvKzwZi Rb¨ MíwU Av‡iv gnËi n‡q I‡V|
nZ¨v Lyb g„Zz¨ GBme †cwi‡q gvgyb bZzb GKwU cÖm½ wb‡q Mí ïi  K‡ib| Gfwi
Iqvb ivBUm Uz K‡b©j-bvgK GB MíwU g~jZ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv-cieZ©x mvgwiK m‰¿v‡mi
wei ‡× †jLv, we‡kl K‡i webwc miKv‡ii cZ‡bi ci mvgwiK evwnbxi QÎQvqvq †h AcÖKvk¨
mvgwiK kvmb †`‡k ejer wQj Ges cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK gBbDwÏb †h ¯^‡NvwlZ
†`kcÖavb wn‡m‡e AMYZvw‰¿K A‣bwZK Kvh©Kjvc K‡i‡Qb Zvi wPÎ wZwb Zvi g‡Zv K‡i
e‡j‡Qb GKRb K‡b©‡ji Revwb‡Z| ejvevûj¨ e½eÜz nZ¨vKv‡Êi ci mvgwiK evwnbx‡Z †h
e¨vcK nZ¨vhÁ I Awbqg n‡qwQj †jLK †mw`‡KI cvV‡Ki g‡bv‡hvM AvK©lY K‡i‡Qb|
weGbwc miKv‡ii †i‡L hvIqv AivR‣bwZK cwiw¯ wZ I †g․jev`x nvgjvi BÜb Gme welqI
gvgyb wewfb′ cwiw¯ wZ‡Z eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| hwÌ K‡b©j bvgK mvgwiK ì`x Awdmvi‡K Avgiv
cvB Zey Kvh©Z †Kv‡bv M‡íi w`‡K †jLK GLv‡bI Szu‡K c‡ob bv| Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj mvgwiK
evwnbxi †fZ‡ii AMYZvw‰¿K •¯îZvw‰¿K myweav‡fvMx I wn‡cvµvU PwiÎ‡K mevi mvg‡b
Db¥y³ K‡i †`qv|
mvgwiK †emvgwiK I `jxq bvbv AZ¨vPv‡i mvaviY gvbyl wKfv‡e cÖwZw`b wec‡ì
m¤§yLxb n‡‪Q Zvi mvwe©K wPÎ GLv‡b Avgiv gRvi eY©bv fw½‡Z †c‡q hvB| †jLK
ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii mg‡q †Rbv‡ij Gg BD Avn‡g‡ì †h cÖfymyjf AvPiY Zvi wdwiw¯‭
Avgv‡ì w`‡q‡Qb| hwÌ Gme gvby‡li Rvbv Zey gvgyb Avgv‡ì †mB Rvbv Z_¨‡K
PgrKvifv‡e Dc¯ vcY K‡ib| gBbDwÏb †`‡ki g½‡ji Rb¨ †ePvBb n‡q c‡o‡Qb, †`‡ki
`yb©xwZi Rb¨ nvnvKvi Ki‡Qb Avevi wb‡R A‣eafv‡e ivóª¶gZv `Lj K‡i Av‡Qb| me‡P‡q
`yt‡Li welq GKiKg GKRb †jvfx ¶gZv `LjKvwi fÊ gvby‡li Kv‡Q †`kevmx‡K QeK
ïb‡Z nq| †`kevmx K‡b©j‡K wPwV wj‡L Rvwb‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Ae¯ v f‡q f‡q, Rv‡b †Kv‡bv
cÖwZKvi n‡e bv| evsjv fvB ev Ab¨vb¨ Bmjvwg d¨bvwUK evwnbxi mv‡_ mvgwiK evwnbxI
Kvh©Z nvZ †gjvq| gB‡bi GKwU e³…Zv gvgyb ûeû eënvi K‡iQb| GUv g~jZ Zvi wUwf
fvlY| †jLK evievi m¨vUvqv‡ii Aven msMx‡Zi g‡Zv ej‡Qb, BUm bU wiqvj Avb‡jm
BUm Ab wUwf †mbvevwnbx ¶gZv wb‡Z B‪QzK bq| Zviv †`‡ki ¯^v‡_© ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii
Aax‡b †emvgwiK cÖkvmb‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Q gvÎ| †mbvevwnbxi KvR †`k cvnviv †`qv, †Pvi
cvnviv †`qv bq, ¶gZvq G‡j Avgiv GB miKvi‡K •eaZv †è, W. BDbym †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨
390
ivR‣bwZK †bZvi g‡ZvB GKRb ivRbxwZK GLb| †mbvevwnbx †`k Pvjv‡‪Q bv| Avgv‡K
cÖgvY Ki‡Z w`b, †mbvewnbx Avm‡j †`k Pvjv‡‪Q bv| Avwg ivóªcwZ ne bv †mK_v ewjwb|
e‡jwQ, ivóªcwZ nIqvi B‡‪Q †bB Avgvi, ZË¡eavqK miKv‡ii Dc‡`óviv hv Ki‡Qb Zvi Rb¨
G †`kevmxi Zv‡ì Kv‡Q K…ZÁ _vKv PvB| †f‡e †`Lyb, Avgiv Avgv‡ì RvwZi wcZv‡K
GLb ch©‰‭ ¯^xK…wZ w`‡Z cvwiwb| †mbvcÖavb ivR‣bwZK e³…Zv w`‡jI Zv †`‡ki ¯^v‡_©B
w`‡q‡Qb| †mKvi‡Y Zv †`‡k we`¨gvb Ri wi ¶gZv Aa¨v‡`‡ki cwicw‰  bq| 36 eQ‡ii
RÄvj miv‡Z `yÕeQi h‡_ó bq| Avwg ivóªcwZ ne bv| n‡j Av‡iv Av‡MB n‡Z cviZvg Z‡e
†`‡ki e„nËi ¯^v‡_©, RbM‡Yi Wv‡K Avgv‡K ivóªcwZ Kiv n‡j, †mwU n‡Z Avgvi †Kv‡bv
Amyweav †bB| evsjv‡`k †mbvevwnbx cvwK¯‭vwb †mbvevwnbx bq|Ó GBme e³e¨ Avgv‡ì
mevi Rvbv, Z‡e gvgyb eënvi K‡iQb Zvi M‡í AmvaviY m„Rb`¶Zvq| K‡b©j bvgK
PwiÎwUi bvbv welq PvKwiRxeb, cvwievwiK Rxeb, e¨w³Rxe‡bi cÖm‡½i ga¨w`‡q
evsjv‡`‡ki mvgwiK evwnbxi †fZiUv ¯úó †evSv hvq| GKB m‡½ eZ©gv‡b mgm¨vm¼zj
evsjv‡`‡ki mvgwiK-†emvgwiK-nZ¨v wbh©vZ‡bi wPÎ I †bc_¨ KviY †jLK Dc¯ vcb K‡ib|
gvgyb †nvmvB‡bi M‡íi mvwe©K wUªU‡g‱U wb‡q fve‡j wmwiqvm cvVK cyjwKZ n‡eb,
Z‡e Gfv‡iR cvVK †nuvPU Lv‡eb| KviY cÖPwjZ avivi †Kv‡bv Mí gvgyb †j‡Lb bv| wZwb
g~jZ eY©bv †`b, Zvi b¨v‡ik‡bi fw½ LyeB m¤¢vebvgq| fvlv, im, †køl, Z_¨-eënvi,
Kve¨gqZv BZ¨vw` wel‡q bRi w`‡j Zvi Zzj¨ MíKvi evsjv‡`‡k †bB| Z‡e GUv wVK †h Mí
wn‡m‡e cvVK †h AvMÖn wb‡q cov ïi  K‡i †m AvMÖn GK mgq ¤øvb n‡q c‡o cvV †k‡l|
KviY †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó PwiÎ GLv‡b ùvovq bv, PwiÎ¸‡jv ¶xYfv‡e †Pnviv cvq Avevi wgwj‡q
hvq| wZwb eis cwiw¯ wZi mgq Zxeª MwZgvb kw³kvjx eY©bv w`‡Z cQ‱` K‡ib| NUbv ev
PwiÎ bq eis mgq mgvR cwiw¯ wZ Zvi PwiÎ| †mUvI n‡Z cv‡i, Zvi w`K w`‡q Gi GKUv
e¨vL¨v I wbðq Av‡Q| wZwbI Bwjqv‡mi Zxeª m¨vUvqvi eënvi K‡i mgv‡Ri ¶Z‡K wPwýZ
Ki‡Z Pvb| Z‡e Bwjqv‡m Kvwnbxi †iLvcvZ gvgy‡bi g‡Zv †Nvjv‡U bq| gvgy‡bi Mí¸‡jv
cÖvqk `xN© nq| GKevi GK m¤úv`K Zvi Mí‡K Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e †Q‡cwQ‡jb| gvgy‡bi
Aek¨ Zv‡Z wKQy G‡m hvq bv| KviY cvVK co‡j eyS‡eb †mUv Avm‡j Kx e¯‧| Zvi aviYv
GUv Mí ev Dcb¨vm bq GUv GKwU iPbv cvVK †hfv‡e Lywk wb‡Z cv‡i|
hv‡nvK, gvgy‡bi Mí ev iPbv Avgv‡ì we¯§qKi GK ev¯‭‡e wb‡q hvq| cvV‡Ki
m′vqyi Ici Pvc c‡o, Aaybv evsjv‡`‡ki Amn¨ RxebcÖYvjx wZwb †h wek¦¯‭Zvi mv‡_
wbLuyZfv‡e eY©bv K‡ib Zv Avg‡ì‡K cÖvwYZ K‡i KweZvi g‡Zv, Avgv‡ì‡K GKB m‡½
kw³gvb GK AvcvZ Zvw‪Q‡jï RM‡Z wb‡q hvq hv evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZwU bvMwiK mgvbfv‡e
Dc‡fvM (!) Ki‡Qb| Gme eY©bv nq‡Zv †Kv‡bv PwiÎ‡K wb‡q Z‡e wZwb Zv †Lvj‡mi Avov‡j
iv‡Lb| GUv wVK †h `xN©w`b a‡i gvgyb GBfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki mg~wnK ev¯‭eZv‡K Pwi‡Îi
391
gva¨‡g bvbv Z_¨ mgv‡e‡k imgq K‡i eY©bv Ki‡Qb| GKai‡bi †c․bcywbKZv nq‡Zv cvVK
j¶ Ki‡Z cv‡ib, GK‡N‡qwgI Zv‡K MÖvm Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e, Avgv‡ì aviYv, me cvV‡Ki
Rb¨ Zv bq| KviY, gvgyb ïay fw½me©¯^Zv w`‡qB GwM‡q hvb bv Zvi i‡q‡Q bvbve‡Y©i
AwfÁvb, gvbe g‡bi wewPÎ gb¯‭Z¡ wb‡q Mfxi Abya¨vb, wek¦mvwn‡Zï eûgywL cVb-cvVb
Ges wbR¯^ fvlvi b¨v‡iwUf Ges Ges wZwb eënvi K‡ib wek¦¯‭Zvi mv‡_, wk‡íi bv‱`wbK
m„RbcÖqv‡mi wbcyY D‡Ï¨v‡M| d‡j Zv‡K wb‡q Avgiv Suvwc‡q cwo cvVK wn‡m‡e GK
mxgvnxb e¨w³g‡bvcÖwZb¨v‡mi RM‡Z †hLv‡b PwiÎ, Mí, ¯§„wZ, BwZnvm, nviv‡bv •kke,
mvgvwRK wbcxob GKvKvi n‡q hvq myjwjZ fvlvi Kvi Kv‡h©| ej‡Z wØav †bB, GB mg‡qi
evsjv‡`‡ki hveZxq gvbexq welq‡K wZwb eqb Ges Lbb K‡i P‡j‡Qb wbR¯^ wbq‡g|
[ †jLK: Kwe, MíKvi, cÖvewÜK| mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, †dvK‡jvi, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq| ]
¯^KvjÑev¯‭eZv I RvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii Mí
bv‱`wbK †ev‡ai m‡½ wkíxi gb¯‭Ë¡ Z_v mgvRm‡PZb wkíxi eû wewPÎ wel‡qi mv_©K mg‰^q
gnr wkíKg©| RvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii AwaKvsk Mí †mB gnË¡‡KB wb‡`©k K‡i| ¯^vaxbZv-
cieZ©xKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki mvgvwRK I ivR‣bwZK we‡kl wKQy wel‡qi cUf~wgKvq RvwKi
ZvjyK`v‡ii Mí mie| wbg′weË, ejv P‡j, cÖvq weËnxb gvby‡liv Av_©-mvgvwRK welq wb‡q
Zv‡ì Dcw¯ wZ †NvlYv Ki‡jI mgKvj-m‡PZb RvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii M‡í msL¨vjNy Avwèvmx
¶z`ª RvwZmËvi eûwea mgm¨vI mgvb ¸i Z¡c~Y©| Mí iPbvi m~PbvjM′ †_‡K ev cÖ_g MíMÖ‰ 
†_‡KB †jL‡Ki GB gvbm cÖeYZv j¶Yxq|
Avwki `k‡Ki gvSvgvwS‡Z cÎ-cwÎKv I Mí msKj‡b †jLKiƒ‡c AvZ¥cÖKvk
NU‡jI 1998 mv‡j MíMÖ‰  cÖKv‡ki ga¨w`‡q RvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii (R.1965) hvÎv ïi |
†ckvq wPwKrmK, †bkvq mvwnwZ¨K| cÖMwZkxj mvs¯‥…wZK I MYZvw‰¿K Av‡‱`vj‡bi mv‡_ hy³
_vKvq Zuvi M‡`¨ GKB mv‡_ mgvRev¯‭eZv, ivRbxwZ I BwZnvm‡PZbvi PjvPj| mvwnZ¨PP©vi
†¶‡Î wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki K_vmvwn‡Zï mdj DËivwaKvix| 2001 mv‡j ÔKvMR K_vmvwnZ¨
cyi¯‥viÕ jvf Zuvi K_vmvwn‡Z¨ we‡kl Ae`v‡bi ¯^xK…wZi mv¶ëvnx| ¯^cœhvÎv wKsev
DØv¯‘cyivY (1998), wek¦v‡mi Av¸b (2000), Kb¨v I RjKb¨v (2003), Kíbv PvKgv I
392
ivRvi †mcvB (2006), nv-fvZf~wg (2006) kxl©K 5wU MíMÖ‡‰  M‡íi msL¨v 30wU| Gi
g‡a¨ ÔUvbvevevÕ I ÔcivYMwà I nvZNwo e„Ëv‰‭Õ Mí `ywU GKvwaK MÖ‡‰  MÖw_Z| Mí¸‡jvi
welq-•ewPÎ¨ †Pv‡L covi g‡Zv| Zuvi M‡íi g~j Avavi wbg′weË gvbyl, MÖvgxY gvby‡li wkK‡oi
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K. Bmjvwg wg_ I Avief~wg welqK : DØv¯‧cyivY, †mv‡jgvb cqM¤î, igYx welqK
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O. wbg′weË Rxeb : `vm ci¤úiv
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m¤cÖ`v‡qi ÔGwbwg cÖcvwU©Õ, wbivcËvnxbZv cÖf„wZ welqI G M‡í ¯úó| ÔigYx welqK
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G M‡í PgrKvi `„k¨gq n‡q D‡V‡Q| wK‱` ivRes‡ki hyeivR Kwe‡kªô Bgi j Kv‡q‡mi
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nq| M‡íi cwiYwZ‡Z, Bgi j Kv‡q‡mi D‪Q„‫‫‬LjZv, †fvMwjáv I cikªxKvZiZv Rybè‡K
¯^vgxwegyL K‡i| Bgi j KZ…©K Rybè ZvjvKcÖvß n‡j Avj Kvgvn& Zv‡K weevn K‡i| GB
weev‡ni ga¨ w`‡q Avj Kvgvn&-i Kve¨PP©vi mgvwß N‡U Avi Bgi j Kv‡qm Kve¨L¨vwZi kx‡l©
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j¶Yxq| Z‡e Aviwe kã cÖ‡qv‡M †jL‡Ki K…wZZ¡ AZzj| †mme k‡ãi A_© eyS‡Z
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N. Avkiv‡q gyqvjøvKvi (`kwU Szj‰‭ KweZv) A‰‭f©³
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D×vi Av‡‱`vj‡bi m~Pbv K‡i mvgëv`xiv| cÖZ¨‰‭ bv‡Pv‡j GKwU †Q‡j muvIZvj cjøx‡Z
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†Pv‡LI Av¸‡bi †mvbviO wkLv wVKB †`L‡Z †c‡q‡Q wmayey‡ovÕ| MíwU ¯^ívqZb| GKw`‡K
me©nviv gvby‡li civR‡qi †e`bv Ab¨w`‡K mvgëv`x fwel¨‡Zi AvKv‫¶‫‬v G M‡í Dß|
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Zvi Rbmfv mdj Ki‡Z I we‡ivaxc¶‡K wbq‰¿‡Y ivL‡Z ew¯‭ †_‡K Rbej I A¯¿ msMÖn
K‡i| R‣bK †bZvI Rbej msMÖn K‡i; ew¯‭ †_‡K bq, wk¶vcÖwZôvb †_‡K| civY †kL hvi
byb Avb‡Z cv‰‭v dzivq A_P Pv‡qi †`vKv‡b Mí K‡i mgq KvUvq, bv-ey‡SB †bZvi Kv‡R
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Kg©x‡ì g„Zz¨ wKsev Zv‡ì `vwi`ª¨ I mijZv eënvi Kiv, Zv‡ì ¯¿x‡ì kvwo-Mqbvi †jvf
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Avov‡j eZ©gv‡b mgv‡Ri Gme cvke wµqv wKsev gvbeZvi j‫‫‬Nb cÖwµqv Mí `ywU‡Z mywPw‰‭
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hy×wkï wPwýZ K‡i Zvi bv‡g Avmv wenvwi‡ì mvnvh¨, f~wgnxb wn‡m‡e cÖvß RvqMv, Ni-evwo
cÖf„wZ †Pqvig¨vb AvZ¥mvr K‡i| GgbwK †Pqvig¨v‡bi GjvKvq ¯ vwcZ cwievi cwiKíbv
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mKj gvbyl‡K| `yjv‡ji K‡ói Dckg evsjvi mg¯‭ gvby‡li Dckg wn‡m‡e cÖZxKvwqZ n‡q
I‡V| `yjv‡ji cÖZx‡K wbtmnvq wbixn gvby‡li wbi‰‭i Kó-e¨_v G M‡í cÖKvwkZ|
ga¨we‡Ëi GK‡N‡q Rxeb I †L‡jv †ivgvw‱UKZvi welqwU‡ZI †jLK mgvbfv‡e
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GKgvÎ KviY| RxweKvi Rb¨ Zv‡K jwRs †_‡K wUDkwb Ki‡Z nq| wUDkwbi QvÎx‡ì G‡K
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I •RweK ¶zavq GKvKvi gKeyj gv÷v‡ii we‡q Kiv n‡q I‡V bv A_P, ÔMvj †f‡O `ycv‡k
cyKzi n‡q‡Q| †Pqv‡ji nby `y‡Uv Kv‡bi mgvb DuPz| †Pv‡Li Pvicv‡k ev‡iv‡g‡m KvwjÕ| MíwU
AvqZ‡b msw¶ß, welq Avnvgwi bq wK‰‧ cwi‡ekb-¸‡Y F×| ÔQvqv-ciKxqvÕ M‡í i wn Ges
K_‡Ki †cÖg I weevn-cieZ©x Rxe‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`Lv †`q| g~jZ K_‡Ki weevn-cieZ©x
395
Rxe‡b e`‡j hvIqv, Kve¨mÜvbx `„wói A‰‭wn©Z nIqv i wni †fZ‡i cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i|
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ga¨we‡Ëi Rxe‡b †h evZveiY m„wó K‡i ZviB Nwbô cÖwZiƒc G MíwU|
ga¨we‡Ëi MwÊ †cwi‡q weËnx‡bi mxgvbvq cÖvqk Szu‡K c‡ob MíKvi RvwKi
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ci¤úivÕ M‡í D‪PvwiZ| eUK…ò `vm Ii‡d eUKv eskci¤úivq †eYx ivq Z_v ivqevwoi
gywbl| †fvU G‡j RvbvRvwb nq eUKv †fvUvi bq, Zvi †fvUvi n‡Z †M‡j †eYx iv‡qi AbygwZ
cÖ‡qvRb KviY †m fvZzqv| GKB Kvi‡Y Zvi weevn m¤úb′ nq bv A_P ¯¿xm½I eUKvi
cÖ‡qvRb| MÖv‡gi †Pqvig¨vb I Ab¨vb¨ mevi PvcvPvwc‡Z eUKv wZb we‡N cwZZ Rwgmn
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G M‡í `ywf©¶cxwoZ‡ì AmnvqZvi my‡hv‡M †mB Rbc‡ì ivRv bvix‡ì †kvlY K‡i Ges
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cwiYZ n‡j •kk‡ei Ab¨v‡qi K_v e¨½gv-e¨½gxi mvnv‡h¨ Zv‡ì g‡b c‡o Ges Zviv
cvc‡ev‡a Avµv‰‭ nq| cÖvqwðË Ki‡ZI Zviv wcQcv bq| M‡íi GB iƒc‡Ki A‰‭iv‡j
Rb¥f~wg evsjv‡`‡ki Ici ch©vqµwgK kvmb-†kvl‡Yi wbg©g BwZnvm wee„Z| ZvQvov G M‡í
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K‡i‡Qb †h, Avgv‡ì cyi lkvwmZ mgvReë¯ vi cÖK…Z m¤úK©¸‡jv †Kgb, Kx Zvi ¯îƒc Avi
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396
wkíK…wZi cwiPvqK| MÖ‡‰ i ÔmZ¨KvgÕ, ÔcvPviÕ I ÔwZbfvM RjÕ Mí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ welqMZ
mv`„k¨ `„k¨gvb| wZbwU M‡íB dz‡U D‡V‡Q mgvRw¯ Z †kvwlZ, AfveMÖ¯‭ Amnvq bvixi Rxeb-
hvc‡bi wPÎ| Rvevjv-mZ¨Kv‡gi †c․ivwYK Kvwnbxi wKQy Ask eY©bvi c‡i ïi  nIqv
ÔmZ¨KvgÕ M‡íi g~j DcvL¨v‡b †QvUKz I Zvi cwZZv gv‡qi Amnvq Rxe‡bi cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM
†`qv n‡q‡Q| cwZZvcjøxi †QvUKzi gv Ges Ab¨ gwnjv‡ì GK‡N‡q eva¨Zvg~jK Rxe‡b
†QvUKz A‡bKUv AbvKvw‫¶‫‬Z| wK‡kvieq‡m gvZ…‡m′newÂZ †QvUKz Zvi gv I Ab¨vb¨ †g‡q‡ì
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Qvqv we¯‭vi K‡i bv eis †m Cl©vcivqY n‡q I‡V| Gi g~‡j mgv‡Ri Ab¨vq eë¯ v wµqvkxj
A_P Zv cÖkg‡bi D‡`¨vMnxbZv j¶YxqÑ Gm‡ei ewntcÖKvk N‡U‡Q G M‡í|
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ÔKzovbxÕ MÖv‡gi †Pqvig¨v‡bi evwo‡Z cÖwZcvwjZ nq wS-PvKivwb ev cvwjZvi g‡Zv| eo n‡j
evwoi gywbl Avwgby‡ji mv‡_ weevn nq Ges wKQyKvj c‡i Avwgbyj AvZ¥nZ¨v Ki‡j Kzovbx
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gvÎvq wPwýZ| †hgb Ñ †Pqvig¨vb-wMwb′ ¯^vgxi †jvjycZvi Kv‡Q Ges Kzovbx fv‡jvevmv ev
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cÖ‡ek Kiv Gme Kjylgq NUbvi cÖwZ †jLK Bw½Zgq `„wó wb‡¶c K‡i‡Qb|
ÔwZbfvM RjÕ M‡íi welqe¯‧I bvix‡Kw‱`ªªK| Z‡e M‡íi Dcv‡‰‭ GKwU we‡kl
wel‡qi cÖwZ `„wó wbe×| Ab′vfv‡e bvixi Nicvjv‡bv bZzb †Kv‡bv welq bq| Ab′cÖwZkÖ wZi
Kvi‡Y m‰‭vb Z¨vM K‡i hye‡Ki mv‡_ M„nZ¨vM K‡i kn‡ii †ijew¯‭‡Z Avkªq-†bqv hyeZx|
wZb‡ejv Avnvi †c‡q hyeZxi Acyó cÖvq-nvwÇmvi †`‡n †h Sibvi m„wó nq ZvB Zv‡K
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hLb Ab′vfve, wkïi gy‡L Avnvi †RvMv‡bv Am¤¢e n‡q ùvovq, ¯‭b †_‡K `y» wbt‡kl n‡q hvq
ZLb †mB nvnvKvi †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q bvix A‰‭Z wb‡Ri Ab′ms¯ v‡b gwiqv n‡q I‡V wK‰‧
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bvixi Afve, M„nZ¨vM cÖf„wZ‡K Qvwc‡q I‡V AcZ¨‡m′n| †mKvi‡Y G M‡í wZbfvM R‡ji
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nvmcvZv‡j †bIqvi ci g„ZzëiY Ki‡j gvÎ wZb nvRvi UvKvq wcZvi jvk weµq K‡i
†jvKUv| †m UvKvq ¯¿x-cyÎ-Kb¨vi Dìc~wZ© nq, Mv‡q I‡V bZzb Rvgv| wK‰‧ †m wb‡Ri
gvbwmK wech©q Gov‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv‡K Ô†RvQbvÕq cvq| A_©vr †RvQbviv‡Zi e¨vKzj Avn″v‡b
†m Ni †_‡K †ewi‡q cÖK…wZi KvQvKvwQ P‡j Av‡m| cvwZ‡jey Mv‡Qi mv‡_ K_v e‡j, R¡xb-
cixi Mí †kv‡b, b`xi avi †Nu‡l nuv‡U Ges MíKvi Bw½Z cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb †h GK mgq Zvi
g„Zz¨ Av‡m| G M‡íi m~Pbv I mgvwß‡Z hv`yev¯‭eZvi eY©bv gvLvgvwL n‡q Av‡Q| †hgb :
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w`‡q GB Nv‡mi w`‡K| Zv‡K †evanq GL‡bv †`L‡Z cvqwb cix| †Kbbv †m ï‡q
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397
†KvYvq, †hLvb †_‡K †KD †PvL Nywi‡qB eviv‱`v †`L‡Z cvq| cix nq‡Zv Zv‡K
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Zv‡K †`‡LB †m LvwbKUv †nu‡U, LvwbKUv D‡o Avm‡Q g‡M©i w`‡K| (Ô†m iv‡Z
†RvQbv wQjÕ, wek¦v‡mi Av¸b c„:41)
M‡í AvRMi †gvjøv m¤úwK©Z cÖm½wU ¶xY n‡j MíwU Av‡iv mymsnZ nZ|
ÔGKwU cyi lZvw‰¿K MíÕ I ÔUvbvevevÕ mgKvjxb mgvRev¯‭eZvi †kvlY-wbh©vZ‡bi
cÖZ¨¶ wPÎ| †kvl‡Kiv memgqB HKë× Ges ¶gZvmxb wK‰‧ G M‡í Zv‡ì wfb′-gvwÎK
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K‡i I cuvP igYx al©‡Yi wkKvi nq| Kviv awl©Z nq Zv Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z cyi lKzj GK
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rule cÖ‡qvM K‡iI Zviv awl©Z bvix‡ì wPwýZ Ki‡Z e¨_© nq| GKmgq m½gweiZ cyi l‡ì
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mv‡_| Gi d‡j, awl©Zv cuvP bvix e¨ZxZ †mvnv‡M AvcøyZ bvixMY Zv‡ì cyi l‡ì awl©Zv‡ì
bvg e‡j †`q| M‡í Awfbe c‰ vq D‡b¥vwPZ n‡q‡Q cyi lZvw‰¿K mgv‡Ri bvbv w`K|
me©nviv‡ì †kvlY-AZ¨vPv‡ii d‡j MÖvg wbwðý nq, wK‰‧ bvix‡ì nviv‡Z nq m¤£g| Gi
d‡j ¯^vgx ev i¶vKZ©vi wbKU †_‡KI Zvi cÖvwß Awbt‡kl eÂbv| e¨w³-¯^vZ‰¿¨ I
m‡PZbZvi Afv‡e i¶vKZ©vi wbKU wb‡RivB e¨³ Ki‡Q wb‡R‡ì jvÃbv-†kvl‡Yi wbg©g
BwZnvm| ÔUvbvevevÕ `xN©vqZ‡bi Mí| G M‡íi Kvwnbx wZbwU As‡k wef³| cÖ_g `ywU wew‪Qb′
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cxi †kL dwi` DcvL¨vb Ges Z…Zxqvs‡k c¶xcxi, †Pqvig¨vb I hZxb m‡i‡bi †h․_ DcvL¨vb
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Kb¨vi Kj¼‡gvP‡b mwµq n‡q I‡V|
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BDwbqb cwil‡ì `dv`v‡ii PvKwi †c‡j †Mv‡Îi †jvK †f‡ewQj Gevi Zv‡ì cÖwZ AbvPvi-
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m‡ib| mK‡ji cÖZ¨vkv‡K nZvkvi †V‡j w`‡q A_P mKj‡K cv‡qi ¯ú‡k© ab¨ K‡i hZxb
m‡ib µgk eowk‡euav Ae¯ vq AvewZ©Z n‡Z _v‡K| M‡íi ïi ‡Z Kvwnbxci¤úiv wew‪Qb′ g‡b
n‡jI †klv‡‰‭ G‡m aviYv cv‡ë hvq| Avwèvmx‡ì f~wg nviv‡bvi BwZnvm, wbh©vZ‡bi
398
BwZnvm hZxb m‡i‡bi cvwicvk¦©‡K †K‱`ª K‡i MíKvi wbLyuZfv‡e wee„Z K‡i‡Qb| G‡Z
muvIZvj m¤cÖ`v‡qi b„ZvwË¡K I eskMZ µgwe¯‭v‡ii BwZnvm| hZxb m‡i‡bi ÔUvbv evevÕ ev
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wn‡m‡e GLv‡b we‡ewPZ| MÖ‡‰ i bvgMí ÔKb¨v I RjKb¨vÕq Pjbwe‡ji e¨vcK f~wgKv
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mv`„këkZ ewYK gyb‡Qi G Kvi‡Y nxbgb¨Zvq †fv‡M Ges loh‡‰¿ wjß nq| MÖvg¨ kvwj‡m
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Abb¨ n‡q D‡V‡Q|
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Av‡Q| wK‰‧ DcKiY¸‡jv Aí wKQy gvby‡li A‣ea `L‡j| GB mg‡qi me‡P‡q ìKvwi KvR
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Kb¨v I RjKb¨v, c„:50) Ñ GB †eva Øviv D`xß fewmÜzi Av`‡k© Av¯ v Ávcb K‡i wgRvb,
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wel‡q mK‡j GKgZ †cvlY K‡i cvwK¯‭v‡bi cÖwZ mg_©b Ges BwÛqvi cÖwZ weiƒcZv Ávcb
K‡i| Awkw¶Z †jKzI Gai‡bi gZvgZ Øviv cÖfvweZ| wK‰‧ GKwU †g․b wgwQj, GKwU
WKz‡g‱Uvwi wdj¥ I wKQy e³…Zv †jKz‡K wfb′gZvej¤^x K‡i †Zv‡j| †m Dcjwä K‡i, A¨vUg
†evgv •Zwi Ki‡Z hZ A_© cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv w`‡q `k j¶ wkï‡K GK eQ‡iiI †ewk mg‡q
¯‥z‡j wk¶v †`qv hvq| Avi fviZ hw` cvwK¯‭v‡b wKsev cvwK¯‭vb hw` fvi‡Z †m †evgv †d‡j
Z‡e H †evgvi we‡l Ôevsjv‡`‡ki evZvm n‡q hv‡e welv³, cvwb n‡q hv‡e gi‡Yi Av‡iK
bvg| gvwUi Zjv w`‡qI Qwo‡q co‡e †mB wel| †mB gvwU‡Z †h dmj dj‡e, †mB dmjI
n‡q _vK‡e welv³Õ| (Ô†evgv wem¤^v`Õ, H, c„:29) ZvQvov kni-bMi a″sm¯‭‚‡c cwiYZ n‡e|
d‡j †jKz gvbweK‡ev‡a DÏxß n‡q I‡V Ges gwKg wVKv`v‡ii A‣bwZK AvPi‡Yi cÖwZev`
K‡i| G K_v Rvbv †h, gwKg wVKv`vi Ges Zvi Ms‡ì wei ‡× †jKz-gZ‡j‡ei cÖwZ‡iva
h‡_ó bq wK‰‧ civRq wbwðZ †R‡bI Zv‡ì cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †Póv P‡j| M‡íiI m`_©K w`K
GwU| MíKvi m`_©K fvebvq †jKzi g‡Zv gvbyl‡K Rxeb msMÖv‡g BwZevPK wn‡m‡e M‡o
†Zvjvq m‡Pó|
cÖPwjZ ms¯‥vi‡eva Øviv ZvwoZ A_P Afv‡e wbt¯^ GK wn‱`y e„×vi Afvex Rxe‡bi
Kvwnbx ÔGKwU Zz‪Q g„Zzï avivfvl¨Õ| `xN©w`‡bi Abvnvi mn¨ Ki‡Z bv-†c‡i e„×v ebgvjx
mvnv ivb′vN‡i Xy‡K †L‡Z ïi  Ki‡j aiv c‡o Ges kvw¯‭ ¯îƒc cywj‡ki †RjnvR‡Zi f‡q
Avqbvj wek¦v‡mi evwo‡Z †cvjvI-gvsm BZ¨vw` †L‡Z eva¨ nq Ges cwiYv‡g Awbevh© g„Zzï
404
†Kv‡j X‡j c‡o| Afvex gvby‡li `y`©kv I g„Zz¨‡ZI mgvRw¯ Z gvby‡li e¨½‡K․ZzK wb®cÖf
nq bv| †jL‡Ki fvlvq:
ciw`b wb‡Ri ¸-gyZ-ewgi g‡a¨ eywo‡K c‡o _vK‡Z †`Lv hvq| cvovi †jv‡Ki
GKUvB mv‰‭¡bv ÑAvnv! eywo A‰‭Z bv †L‡q g‡iwb| (ÔGKwU Zz‪Q g„Zzï avivfvl¨Õ, nv-
fvZf~wg, c„:38)
G M‡íi `ywU welq g‡bv‡hvM AvKl©Y K‡i| GK. Afve, AfveMÖ¯‭ gvby‡li AmnvqZv
Ges Zv wb‡q gvby‡li we`ªƒc `yB. ms¯‥viMÖ¯‭ gvby‡li msKU| †QuvqvQywq n‡e e‡j wfb′ Rv‡Zi
gvby‡li Lv`¨ eqKU Kiv| G `ywUi †Kv‡bvwU mwVK KvR bq G M‡í Zv †`Lv‡bvi cÖqvm j¶
Kiv hvq|
bv‡Uv‡ii cywVqvq msMwVZ gwngv-al©Y Ges cieZ©x‡Z gwngvi AvZ¥nZ¨vi †cÖw¶‡Z
iwPZ Mí ÔAvZ¥nZ¨v wKsev AvZ¥i¶vi cÖwZ‡e`bÕ| MíwU `ywU c‡e© Dc¯ vwcZ| cÖ_g c‡e©
cywVqvi c~e©Zb ivRv b‡i‱`ª †èkg©v I KzìwZ evby DcvL¨vb| j‡²․-Gi evCRx KzìwZ evby
b‡i‱`ª‡`‡ei †cÖ‡g c‡o Ges iv‡Rï ivwb nIqvi wg_¨v Avk¦v‡m, cÖ‡ivPbvq P‡j Av‡m evOvj
gyjy‡K| wK‰‧ Zvi ¯ vb nq ivwbgn‡j bq, Rjmvevwo‡Z| wcÖqZ‡gi Kv‡Q †m awl©Zv n‡Z
_v‡K| g„Zz¨f‡q Ges cvjv‡bvi c_ Rvbv bv-_vKvq GB wbg©g cwinvm I Kó †m †g‡b †bq|
wØZxq c‡e© cywVqvi †g‡q awl©Zv nq ¶gZvmxb‡ì QÎQvqvq †e‡o-IVv KÕRb eLv‡U hyeK
KZ…©K| Zviv al©‡Yi QweI Zz‡j iv‡L| gwngvi wcZv Pvi hye‡Ki mvg‡b `xbnxbfv‡e Qwe
†diZ Pvq wK‰‧ Zviv Qwe †diZ †`q bv Dci‰‧ Zv‡ì `vc‡Ui K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q ûgwK †`q|
d‡j 13 eQ‡ii gwngv‡K †e‡Q wb‡Z nq AvZ¥nb‡bi c_|
KzìZ A_© gwngv| M‡íi `yB gwngv‡KB AvZ¥wemR©b w`‡Z nq ev awl©Zv n‡Z nq|
al©K †cÖwgK ev A‡cÖwgK| †KD †eu‡P g‡i _v‡K †KD g‡i †eu‡P hvq| evsjv‡`‡ki gwngviv
Gfv‡e hy‡M hy‡M awl©Zv n‡q †eu‡P _vK‡Q ev g‡i wM‡q †eu‡P hv‡‪Q| MíwU ev¯‭e NUbvi wek¦¯‭
iƒcvqY| Z‡e wkí GZUzKz ¶zY′ nqwb eis Zv Avðh© gwngv jvf K‡i‡Q|
Ômij wnsmvÕ mvaviY gvby‡liB RxebwP‡Îi K_K_v| Biv‡Ki Ici Av‡gwiKvi
Avµg‡Y wek¦e¨vcx †h wb‱`vi So I‡V Ges gymwjgcÖavb †`k¸‡jv †h Zxeª N„Yv cÖKvk K‡i
Zv evsjv‡`‡ki me©¯‭‡iB msµwgZ nq| †QvÆ GKwU MÖv‡gi evwm‱`v Rg‡m`‡K `vevi NyuwU
wn‡m‡e †Pqvig¨vb eënvi K‡i| Av‡e‡Mi e‡k †m e³„Zv †`q †h Zvi mg¯‭ †Q‡jm‰‭v‡bi
bvg ivL‡e mvÏvg †nv‡mb Ñ G‡Z †m h‡_ó evnev cvq| wK‰‧ Avmj mgm¨v nj †m weevnB
K‡iwb d‡j weev‡ni Rb¨ cvÎx wbe©vPb Ri wi n‡q c‡o| we‡qi A‡bK m¤^Ü G‡jI
†Pqvig¨vb †K․k‡j Zv wdwi‡q †`q| †Pqvig¨vb k‡ãi m‡½ †h PvwiÎ¨ †hvM n‡q Av‡Q, M‡íi
dRy †LvbKv‡ii Pwi‡Î GKB e¨vcvi †`Lv hvq| ¯^xq ¯^v_© D×v‡i MÖv‡gi mijgwZ gvbyl‡K
wKfv‡e eënvi Kiv nq ZvB GLv‡b †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
ÔZvnv‡ì K_vÕ M‡í gvby‡li Ae`wgZ †h․bZvi K_v e¨³ n‡q‡Q| G M‡íi cÖavb
PwiÎ AvRvb Avjx| gv‡qi g„Zzï ci my‡ijv K‡Éi AwaKvix AvRvb Avjx wcZvi ag‡K evwo
†_‡K †ewi‡q XvKv kn‡ii GK gnjøvi gmwR‡` gyqvw¾b wbhy³ nq| g„Zzï Lei †m gvB‡K
†NvlYv K‡i, g„Zzï ci wgjv‡` †m mwµq f~wgKv cvjb K‡i| GmeB Zvi RxweKvR©‡bi g~j
c‰ v| GKmgq we‡qi evmbv g‡b RvM‡jI †m Zv m¤úb′ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| kixix Kvg †gUv‡Z
†m Av‡iK gyqvw¾b bvwRgywÏ‡bi kiYvcb′ nq Ges `vjv‡ji gva¨‡g µq K‡i bvixkixi|
wecwË N‡U ZLbB| evj¨Kv‡j gv‡qi g‡bvbxZ cvÎx †Kvwnby‡ii ¯§„wZ g‡b †R‡M I‡V Ges
405
meLv‡b †m †Kvwnbyi‡K †`L‡Z _v‡K| wK‰‧ Zv‡K fy‡j ¯îƒ‡c AvZ¥cÖKvk NU‡jB mgm¨vi
mgvavb nq Ges GK‡hv‡M nvRv‡iv bvixi KjKÉ ïb‡Z cvq| Avev‡iv we¯§iY N‡U AvRvb
Avjxi| •bwZKZv †ev‡ai Uvbvc‡ob Ges RxebhvÎvi KwVb¨B G M‡íi g~j myi| Mív‡‰‭
†jL‡Ki eY©bv hv`yev¯‭eZvi eY©bvi mgag©x| †hgb:
AvRvb Avjx _g‡K hvq| RxweZ bvixi nvwmi kã wK Ggb n‡Z cv‡i? hLb wbwðZ
nq †h Ggb †Lvbv Mjvq †Kv‡bv RxweZ gvbyl nvm‡Z cv‡i bv, ZLb AvRvb Avjx
_i_wi‡q †Ku‡c I‡V| GB D`¨vb, GB †Svç‡jv, GB †mvwWqvg evwZi Av‡jv Auvavwi
Ñ mewKQy AvRvb Avjxi Kv‡Q Acvw_©e g‡b nq| g‡b nq †m c_fy‡j g„‡Zi iv‡R¨
G‡m †cu․‡Q‡Q|
GK m‡½ GZ gy`©vi †NvlYv †m †Kgb K‡i †`‡e! (ÔZvnv‡ì K_vÕ, nv-fvZf~wg, c„:64)
ÔZvnv‡ì K_vÕ M‡íi AvRvb Avjxi †ckvi m‡½ AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi ÔKvb′vÕ
M‡íi AvdvR Avjxi wKQyUv †ckvMZ mv`„k¨ j¶Yxq| RvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii G MíwUi
cÖKvkfw½ gvÎvMZ ¯^vZ‡‰¿¨ D ¢vwmZ|
mvZ.
M‡íi welqvs‡ki mv‡_ cwiwPwZ-ce© mgvc‡b Avw½‡Ki w`‡K `„wó wbe× Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wKQy
cybive„wË Qvov Avw½K wb‡qI †jLK wbix¶vcÖeY| K‡qKwU •ewkó¨ GLv‡b wPwýZ Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
K. cÖvqkB Gme M‡íi f~wgKvi cÖ‡qvRb nq| ÔUvbvevevÕ M‡íi m~Pbvi cÖ_gvs‡k f~wgKv
j¶‡hvM¨| †hgb:
KL‡bv mvbwK‡Z AcÖZzj fvZ m‰‭v‡bi mvg‡b w`‡Z wM‡q Kvb′vq ¸g‡i DVZ gvZ…Kzj,
Nyg‰‭ wK‡kvix Kb¨vi A½ †_‡K m‡Li myeY© bvKdzj Ly‡j wb‡q `v`b ïa‡Z wM‡q Pvcv Kvb′vq
dz‡j DVZ wcZv‡ì eyK, Kb¨v FZzgZx n‡j wcZv-gvZvi Kcv‡j †e‡o †hZ b~¨bZg GKUv
ewj‡iLv| Avi ZL‡bv Awb‪QyK m½g‡K ejvrKvi e‡jB mf‡q N„Yv KiZ igYxiv| GB Mí
ZLbKvi| Ges GKv‡jiI| (ÔUvbvevevÕ, wek¦v‡mi Av¸b, c„:67)
Ôw`bhvcb wKsev g„Z my‱ìxi MíÕ Ñ M‡íi m~Pbv‡ZI Giƒc D`vniY †g‡j|
L. M‡íi m~Pbv eY©bv †k‡l †jL‡Ki cÖZ¨¶ Dcw¯ wZ j¶ Kiv hvq| GLv‡b †jLK g‰‭e¨
cÖKvk K‡i g~j wel‡q cÖ‡ek K‡ib| †hgb:
wcÖq cvVK! wcÖq cyZcweÎü`q cvVK! Rvwb GB ü`qwe`viK NUbvq †Zvgvi ü`q dvwUqv
ìì avivq †kvwYZ cÖevwnZ nB‡Z‡Q| Rvwb welv`wmÜz‡Z †Zvgvi ü`q AvKÉ wbgw¾Z,
AvBm, GB i¾y‡ewóZ f~Zjkvqx cvwc‡ôi K_v ¶YKv‡ji Rb¨ fywjqv hvI! †m _vKzK| Zvnvi
cv‡ci cÖvqwðË Kwievi Rb¨ A‡cw¶Z _vKzK| P‡jv Avgiv `„k¨v‰‭‡i cÖ‡ek Kwi| (Ôwek¦v‡mi
Av¸bÕ, wek¦v‡mi Av¸b, c„:19)
eUKvi Mí †kl| GLbKvi Mí Avãyj ev‡i‡Ki| (Ô`vm ci¤úivÕ, ¯^cœhvÎv wKsev DØv¯‘cyivY,
c„:48)
M. DcKvwnbx cÖvqkB ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q RvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii M‡í| †hgb : ÔKb¨v I RjKb¨vÕ
M‡í DcKvwnbxi `k©b †g‡j|
406
N. ÔKb¨v I RjKb¨vÕ M‡íi eY©bvi ¯‭‡i ¯‭‡i Kve¨gqZv Qov‡bv| Kveäg©x eY©bv MíwU‡K
ÔKve¨M‡íÕ Db′xZ K‡i‡Q|
O. Pwi‡Îi †bwZ †_‡K BwZ‡Z DËiYI Avw½Kwk‡íi wewkóZv| Ô†evgv wem¤^v`Õ M‡í †jKz
Pwi‡Îi m`_©K Rxebfvebvq Db′xZ nIqv †jL‡Ki mvdj¨|
P. Mí¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GKwU we‡kl cÖeYZv cÖvqk j¶Yxq Zv nj g~j Kvwnbxi cvkvcvwk
Av‡iKwU c¨vivjvj Kvwnbx eY©bv| Ô¯^c′hvÎv wKsev DØv¯‧cyivYÕ, ÔmZ¨KvgÕ, ÔAvZ¥nZ¨v wKsev
AvZ¥i¶vi cÖwZ‡e`bÕ, ÔKb¨v I RjKb¨vÕ, ÔUvbvevevÕ cÖf„wZ M‡í GB cÖeYZv j¶‡hvM¨|
Q. ev‡Kï †fZ‡i we‡kl wKQy kãe‡Üi eënv‡i Mífvlv n‡q‡Q F×| †hgb : ÔKzi½-nviv‡bv
P¶zhyMjÕ, ÔKc~©i-Zv¤^y‡j iwÄZ AaiÕ, ÔAvZi-A¸i Õ, Ôwkq‡i Puv` I‡VÕ, ÔQvwbcov †Pv‡LI
†iv‡ì ZvcZi½ †Qvej nv‡bÕ cÖf„wZ|
R. Dcgvmg„× evKÏ †`Lv hvq Gme M‡í| †hgb :
ci gyn~‡Z©B DØvqx †h․‡Mi g‡Zv D‡e †h‡Z ïi  Kij Zvi †`n| (ÔQvqv ciKxqvÕ, ¯^cœhvÎv
wKsev DØv¯‘cyivY, c„:43)
giv mv‡ci g‡Zv †bwZ‡q _v‡K euv‡ki WMvq| (ÔgKeyj gv÷v‡ii †h․eb hvcbÕ, H, c„:30)
†¯UiOv AvKv‡ki †Kv‡bv GK †Kv‡Y wK dy‡U Av‡Q iwOb †m․fv‡Mï wPý? (ÔUvbvevevÕ,
wek¦v‡mi Av¸b, c„:80)
... m~h©Uv eq‡m wK‡kvi n‡jI BwZg‡a¨B †iv‡ì Zxi Qyu‡o gvi‡Z h‡_ó cvi½g n‡q D‡V‡Q|
(Ômij wnsmvÕ, nv-fvZf~wg, c„:47)
mi  Pv‡ji fvZ| RyuBdz‡ji g‡Zv WuvB n‡q Av‡Q nuvwoi g‡a¨| (ÔGKwU Zz‪Q g„Zzï avivfvl¨Õ,
nv-fvZf~wg, c„:36)
Avw½‡Ki Gme welq QvovI †`Lv hvq, ga¨weË I wbg′wPË Rxe‡bi Qwe AuvK‡Z wM‡q
†jLK †h cwi‡ek, cÖK…wZi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb Zv h_v‡hvM¨| fvlv cÖ‡qv‡M we‡klZ Dcfvlvi
†¶‡Î †jLK h‡_ó mZK©| AwaKvsk M‡íi cUf~wg evsjv‡`‡ki DËivÂj weavq DËivÂ‡ji
Rbc`, Rbc‡ì fvlv, RxebhvÎv, Lv`¨vf¨vm, †cvkvK-cwi‪Q`, GgbwK kxZKv‡ji ZxeªZv I
Zv †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi b~¨bZg †Póv cÖf„wZ Gme Míkix‡i ms‡hvwRZ| Avwèvmx ¶z`ª RvwZmËv,
hviv cÖvqk wbh©vwZZ, wbcxwoZ Zv‡ì cÖwZI †jL‡Ki mnvbyf~wZ ¯úó| G‡¶‡Î †jLK †hgb
ivLXvK K‡ibwb †Zgwb mgKvjxb mgvRRxe‡b N‡U hvIqv Gme NUbvi iƒcvq‡Y h‡_ó
mvnwmKZvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb| d‡j, eY©bvi †¶‡Î †h ai‡bi Avw½‡Ki eënviB †nvK-bv
†Kb, Zv e¯‧Zvw‰¿K eY©bv ev KL‡bv KznKgq eY©bvI n‡Z cv‡i, wK‰‧ Zv g~jZ ¯^Kvj-
mgv‡RiB Nwbô cÖwZdjb|
407
AvU.
RvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii Mí-cvVv‡‰‭ GK_v wbtmk‡q ejv hvq, Zuvi M‡íi welq wewPÎ n‡jI wZwb
G‡Kev‡iB gvwUjM′ gvby‡li RxebhvÎv-ms¯‥…wZ, †kvlY-wbh©vZb-eÂbvi BwZe„Ë Ges Zv
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcv‡qi K_v ej‡Z fv‡jvev‡mb| RvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii Mí-eqb †K․k‡j
cwðge‡½i Zi Y wjwL‡q cÖevm `‡Ëi cÖfyi A‡j․wKK cvwL, fviZel© I ebmvB MíMÖ‡‰ i
m‡½ †KD †KD mv`„k¨ Lyu‡R †c‡jI GK_v wVK DfqB ¯^Z‰¿|8 D`q fv`yixi cÖKvk-†K․k‡ji
mv‡_I mv`„k¨ j¶Yxq| Z‡e RvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii wePiY‡¶Î †hgb Avjv`v †Zgwb Zuvi
cÖKvk-†K․kj I †PZbv-¯‭i wfb′| RxebmZ¨ D`NvU‡b †jL‡Ki `vq‡ev‡a cÖvwYZ RvwKi
ZvjyK`vi| e¨w³i g~j¨‡ev‡ai Aebgb ivwóªK wk¶vi dj| ivóªxq KvVv‡gvi Af¨‰‭‡i msNwUZ
wµqvKg© mgvRw¯ Z gvby‡li RxebhvÎv cÖfvweZ K‡i| `vq‡evam¤úb′ m‡PZb †jLK
gvbweK‡ev‡a D¾xweZ Ges m`_©K Rxebfvebvq D‪PwKZ nb e‡jB hy‡M hy‡M mgvR-¯^Kvj
mwVKfv‡e wPwÎZ I g~j¨vwqZ n‡Z †c‡i‡Q| bv‱`wbK †ev‡ai cÖvLh©I G‡¶‡Î h‡_ó cÖ‡qvRb|
†mB cÖvLh© gvby‡li A‰‭k©w³ Avwe®‥v‡i, mgq I BwZnv‡mi ch©vqµwgK ms¯ vc‡b wµqvkxj
_v‡K| ZvQvov †kK‡oi MfxiZi cÖv‰‭‡i †cu․Qv‡bvi AvKv‫¶‫‬v †hgb gvby‡li mnRvZ, †Zgwb
D`vË ¯úk©gq AvKv‡k Wvbv †gjevi mZZ wµqvI gvby‡li GKv‰‭ Kv‫¶‫‬v| Gme M‡íi
ga¨w`‡q RvwKi ZvjyK`vi GKw`‡K g„wËKvg~‡j †cÖvw_Z †kK‡oi mÜv‡b m‡Pó †_‡K‡Qb,
Ab¨w`‡K ¯^Kv‡j w¯ Z gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi M~pZg w`K Avwe®‥v‡i gbbRvZ, gb¯‭Ë¡RvZ
Dcjwä‡K ¸i Z¡ w`‡q‡Qb mgvbfv‡e| ejv P‡j, welq-web¨v‡mi †m․Kh© QvovI Avw½K
wbg©v‡Yi KzkjZvq RvwKi ZvjyK`vi wb‡R‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb wfb′gvÎvq, mgKvjxb‡ì g‡a¨
Ab¨Zg iƒ‡c|
Z_¨m~Î
1. RvwKi ZvjyK`vi, ¯^cœhvÎv wKsev DØv¯‘cyivY, wbmM©, XvKv, 1998
2. RvwKi ZvjyK`vi, wek¦v‡mi Av¸b, kªveY, XvKv, 2000
3. wkgyj gvngy` Ôevsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : DËiY I euvK cwieZ©bÕ, KxwZ©Kv, knx` BKevj
m¤úvw`Z, ivRkvnx, 2005, c„:203
4. RvwKi ZvjyK`vi, Kb¨v I RjKb¨v, cyÊª cÖKvkb, XvKv, 2003
5. RvwKi ZvjyK`vi, Kíbv PvKgv I ivRvi †mcvB, BZ¨vw` MÖ‰  cÖKvk, XvKv, 2006
6. eª‡R‱`y †kLi PvKgv, ÔPvKgv RvwZ I Zvi ms¯‥…wZÕ, mgvR I ms¯‥…wZ : evsjv‡`‡ki
Awaevmx, g_yiv wÎcyiv m¤úvw`Z, Rvevivs Kj¨vY mwgwZ, LvMovQwo, 2000, c„:44
7. RvwKi ZvjyK`vi, nv-fvZf~wg, kªveY, XvKv, 2006
8. ingvb †nbix, ÔRvwKi ZvjyK`v‡ii Mí : ev¯‭eZvi hv`y‡Niv GK Avðh© Awek¦vm¨ RMZÕ,
wPý, knx` BKevj m¤úvw`Z, PZz_© msL¨v, ivRkvnx, GwcÖj, 2000, c„:43-62
[ †jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, †iv‡Kqv wek¦we`¨vjq, iscyi| ]
408
cÖ e Ü
evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí-wfwËK Pjw‪PÎ
A by c g nv qv r
mvwnZ¨ I Pjw‪PÎ `y‡UvB wkí I ms¯‥…wZ-gva¨g| `y‡UvB g~jZ AvewZ©Z nq gvbyl, Rxeb I
mgvR wb‡q| mvwnZ¨ wjwLZ ev gy`ªY-gva¨g| Avi Pjw‪PÎ cÖhyw³wbf©i gva¨g| mvwnZ¨
mv¶iÁvbm¤úb′ cvV‡Ki Rb¨| GwU cvV ev Aa¨qb Ki‡Z nq| Ab¨w`‡K Pjw‪PÎ `„k¨-kÖ Z
gva¨g| GwU †`L‡Z nq, Ae‡jvKb Ki‡Z nq|
mvwnZ¨ cvV K‡i Avi Pjw‪PÎ †`‡L gvbyl A‡bKwKQy Rvb‡Z, wkL‡Z, eyS‡Z Ges
we‡bvw`Z, cÖfvweZ n‡Z cv‡i| mZ¨, my‱ì Avi Kj¨vY‡K ¯úk© K‡iB `y‡Uv gva¨g cvVK-
`k©K‡ì Kv‡Q mgv`„Z nq|
mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm A‡bKw`‡bi cÖvPxbZi, K‡qK nvRvi eQ‡ii| Avi Pjw‪P‡Îi
BwZnvm gvÎ 115 eQ‡ii| 1895 mv‡j 28 wW‡m¤î d«v‡Ýi `yB weÁvbx-åvZv AMv¯‭ jywg‡qi
I jyB jywg‡qi KZ…©K Pjw‪PÎ Avwe®‥vi c~Y©Zv cvq|
Pjw‪PÎ mßKjvi mg‰^‡q MwVZ| mvwn‡Zï Mí, KweZv, bvUK-Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q|
GQvovI i‡q‡Q msMxZ, ¯ vcZ¨, b„Z¨, fv¯‥h©, d‡UvMÖvwdi mg‰^q| Ab¨w`‡K mvwn‡Zï i‡q‡Q
Dcb¨vm, Mí, KweZv, bvUK, Mvb, Qov I cÖeÜ BZ¨vw` kvLv|
mvwnZ¨ †hgb mv¶iÁvbm¤úb′ gvby‡li Rb¨ †Zgwb Pjw‪PÎ P¶z®§vb‡ì Rb¨| mvaviYfv‡e
Pjw‪PÎ †`L‡Z, ïb‡Z, eyS‡Z, Abyfe Ki‡Z wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| ZvB mvwn‡Zï cvV‡Ki
†P‡q Pjw‪PÎ`k©‡Ki msL¨v A‡bK A‡bK †ewk| †Kbbv mviv c„w_ex‡ZB Awkw¶Z ev
mv¶iZvÁvbnxb †jv‡Ki msL¨vB †ewk| msL¨vMZ w`K w`‡q ZvB Pjw‪P‡Îi cÖfve I ¶gZv
A‡bK †ewk| Aek¨ welqwU ¯ vbKvjcvÎ-†eva mv‡c¶|
evsjv mvwn‡Zï BwZnvm K‡qK kZ eQ‡ii cyi‡bv| Avi evsjv Pjw‪P‡Îi eqm gvÎ
kZel© †cwi‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Pjw‪P‡Îi eqm gvÎ Aa©kZ‡Ki (1956-2011)
†ewk| evsjv‡`‡k wk¶vi nvi Kg| ZvB Zv‡ì Kv‡Q mvwnZ¨ AcvV¨B †_‡K hvq, †_‡KI
hv‡‪Q| Zviv wef~wZf~lY e‡‱`¨vcva¨v‡qi Dcb¨vm Ôc‡_i cuvPvjxÕ co‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e Zviv
mZ¨wRr iv‡qi Qwe Ôc‡_i cuvPvjxÕ †`L‡Z cv‡i Ges Gi cvÎ-cvÎx me©Rqv, Acy, `yM©v‡ì
myL-`ytL, Avkv-nZvkv eyS‡Z cv‡i| †Kbbv Pjw‪PÎ GKw`‡K †hgb AvKl©Yxq gva¨g, ¯^‡c′i
†`k †Zgb A‡bK †ewk cÖZ¨¶| c`©vq cÖwZdwjZ `„k¨ †`‡L g‡b nq ev¯‭‡e †hb †Pv‡Li
mvg‡b NU‡Q, G‡Kev‡i Rxe‰‭ n‡q| mvwn‡Z¨ wK‰‧ GiKg Dc¯ vcb m¤¢e nq bv| Pjw‪P‡Îi
Ôm~h©`xNj evwoÕi Rq¸b, Ô†è`vmÕ-Gi cve©Zx, ÔwmivRD‡Ï․jvÕi wmivR A‡bK AvKl©Yxq,
409
Rxe‰‭ I cÖfve we¯‭viKvix| mvwn‡Z¨ †h K_v ev fve dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z c„ôvi ci c„ôv wjL‡Z nq,
Ab¨w`‡K Pjw‪P‡Î Zv GKwUgvÎ `„‡k¨ dzwU‡q †Zvjv m¤¢e|
`yB.
1956 †_‡K 2011 mv‡ji Ryb ch©‰‭ mg‡q evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq wZb nvRvi c~Y©‣`N©¨ I ¯^í‣`N©¨
Pjw‪PÎ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ mvwnZ¨wfwËK Pjw‪PÎI i‡q‡Q| A‡bK Dcb¨vm, †QvUMí,
bvUK GgbwK KweZv Aej¤^b ¯^vej¤^b K‡iI Gme mvwnZ¨wbf©i Pjw‪PÎ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q|
mvwnZ¨wfwËK Pjw‪PÎ¸‡jv †`k-we‡`‡k †c‡q‡Q m¤§vbbv I ¯^xK…wZ| Ab¨w`‡K †`‡ki eZ©gvb
`k©K‡Mvôx cwiwPZ n‡q‡Q G‡`‡ki mvwnZ¨wfwËK Kvwnbx Rxeb I mgv‡Ri m‡½ Pjw‪P‡Îi
c`©vq †`L‡Q AZxZ‡K, wb‡Ri †kKo‡K| evsjv‡`‡k wbwg©Z †h KÕwU Pjw‪PÎ †g․wjK,
i wPkxj, m„Rbkxj I ev¯‭evbyM wn‡m‡e †`k-we‡`‡k ¯^xK…wZ I m¤§vbbv †c‡q‡Q Zvi †ewki
fvMB mvwnZ¨wfwËK| XvKvi Pjw‪P‡Îi BwZnv‡m cvwK¯‭vb Avgj †_‡K ïi  K‡i gvwbK
e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq, †k·wcqi, `¯‭‡qfw¯‥, g¨vw·g †MvwK© †_‡K ïi  K‡i ûgvqyb Kexi, bwRei
ingvb, Rmxg D`&`xb, AvKei †nv‡mb, A‣ØZ gjøeg©Y, kirP‱`ª, iex‱`ªbv_, ew¼gP‱`ª,
Avkivd wmwÏKx, AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv`, †mwjbv †nv‡mb, iv‡eqv LvZzb, kIKZ Avjx, •mq`
IqvjxDjøvn, wbg©‡j‱`y ¸Y cÖg‡y Li Dcb¨vm-Mí-bvUK-KweZv wPÎvwqZ n‡q‡Q|
wZb.
Avgv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi cÖwZcv`¨ welq Ôevsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí-wfwËK Pjw‪PÎÕ| e¶¨gvY wbe‡Üi
g~j D‡Ïk¨ n‡‪Q 1965 †_‡K 2011 mv‡ji Ryb ch©‰‭ †hme †QvUMí-wfwËK Pjw‪PÎ wbwg©Z
n‡q‡Q Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv •Zwi I ch©v‡jvPbv| Z‡e mgq, ¯ vb I Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡Y GB wbe‡Ü
†QvUMí-wfwËK Pjw‪P‡Îi c~Y©v½ ch©v‡jvPbv, Av‡jvPbv, mgv‡jvPbv ev bv‱`wbK g~j¨vqb m¤¢e
bq| cÖ_‡gB †`Lv hvK †QvUMí-wfwËK Pjw‪P‡Îi GKwU cwimsL¨b
myfvl `‡Ëi ÔmyZivsÕ (1964), †eex Bmjv‡gi ÔZvbnvÕ (1964), myfvl `‡Ëi ÔAvqbv I
AewkóÕ (1967), Lvb AvZvDi ingv‡bi ÔmyL-`ytLÕ (1971), iv‡Rb Zid`v‡ii ÔcvjsKÕ
(1976), myfvl `‡Ëi ÔWyg‡y ii dzjÕ (1978), AvwRRyj n‡Ki ÔgnvbMi Ô(1981), Lvb
AvZvDi ingv‡bi ÔWvbwc‡U †Q‡jÕ (1981), Rwni j n‡Ki ÔcÖvYmRbxÕ (1984), Avey
mvwq‡ì ÔAveZ©bÕ (1986), †gvi‡k`yj Bmjv‡gi Ôe„wóÕ, iv¾v‡Ki ÔwR‡bi ev`kvÕ, Pvlx
bRi j Bmjv‡gi Ôkvw¯‭Õ (2005), I ÔmyfvÕ (2005), KvRx nvqvr-Gi ÔKveyjxIqvjvÕ
(2005), gwZb ingv‡bi Ôiv¶zmxÕ (2005), †g․mygx I ¸jRv‡ii Ô†g‡ni wbMviÕ (2006),
bvwM©m AvLZv‡ii ÔPvi mZx‡bi NiÕ (2005) I ÔAeyS eDÕ (2010) BZ¨vw`| GB ZvwjKv
•Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q ïay 35 I 16 wgwjwgUvi wdj¥ dig¨v‡U •Zwi Pjw‪PÎ wb‡q| wWwRUvj
dig¨v‡U •Zwi Pjw‪PÎ ZvwjKvfy³ nqwb| †Kbbv †`‡ki wewfb′ ¯ v‡b wWwRUvj dig¨‡U
†QvUMí wb‡q †ek wKQy Pjw‪PÎ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q Zvi Z_¨ m¤ú‡K© †jLK AewnZ bb|
410
Pvi.
†QvUMí-wfwËK K‡qKwU Pjw‪PÎ m¤ú‡K© msw¶ß Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv hvK
myZivs (1964)
myfvl `Ë cwiPvwjZ ÔmyZivsÕ Qwei Kvwnbx M‡o D‡V‡Q kPxb †f․wg‡Ki †QvUMí ÔGKwU wbQK
†cÖgÕ Aej¤^‡b| MÖvgxY cUf~wgKvq wK‡kvi †cÖ‡gi GB MíwU‡Z i‡q‡Q A_©‣bwZK •elgÏ|
1960 mv‡j MíwU KjKvZvi ÔRjmvÕ cwÎKvq c‡owQ‡jb myfvl `Ë| wZwb ZLbI
wPÎcwiPvjK nbwb| wm‡bgvi weÁvcb wWRvBbvi Ges †K․ZzKvwf‡bZv wn‡m‡e wZwb ZLb
cvwK¯‭v‡bi Dfq As‡k AZ¨‰‭ RbwcÖq| wZwb cÖ_g Qwe cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ MíwU †e‡Q †bb Ges
AbygwZ †P‡q kPxb †f․wg‡Ki Kv‡Q wPwV †j‡Lb| kPxb †f․wgK e¨w³MZfv‡e Reve bv-w`‡q
AZ¨‰‭ Zvw‪Q‡jï m‡½ cwÎKvi cÖ‡k′vËi wefv‡M Gi Reve †`b| myfvl `Ë gbt¶zY′ n‡q
M‡íi wKQyUv cwieZ©b K‡i KvwnbxKvi wn‡m‡e cÖ‡hvRK bxjydvi Lv‡q‡ii bvg w`‡q QwewU
wbg©vY K‡ib| cwi‪Qb′, i wPkxj I mvaviY wkí‡kvfb Qwe wn‡m‡e ÔmyZivsÕ †`k-we‡`‡k
cyi¯‥…Z I cÖkswmZ nq| G Qwe‡Z bevMZ Keix I myfvl `‡Ëi Awfbq, †cÖg-wein, mygayi
Mvb, mnR mij wbg©vY‣kjx `k©K‡ì Kv‡Q mgv`„Z nq| D`y© Qwei wf‡o ÔmyZivsÕ 1960
`k‡K GKwU Avjv`v ¯ vb K‡i †bq| mvwn‡Zï †QvUMí †_‡K eo c`©vq Pjw‪PÎiƒ‡c
ÔmyZivsÕ-Gi Mvb¸‡jv †jv‡Ki gy‡L gy‡L wdi‡Z _v‡K| we‡qvMv‰‭K cwiYwZ‡Z Qwei bvwqKv
Rwibvi (Keix) g„Zz¨ N‡U, m‰‭v‡bi Rb¥ w`‡Z wM‡q| Rwibvi cÖv³b †cÖwgK Re″vi (myfvl
`Ë) Zv‡K kZ †Póv K‡iI euvPv‡Z cv‡i bv| Z‡e Zvi m‰‭vb †eu‡P _v‡K Ges Re″vi
Rwibv‡K we‡q Kivi Rb¨ mwÂZ A_© bevMZ wkïwUi fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ †i‡L †`q| Qwei MíwU
d¬vke¨v‡K ewY©Z nq GK mvwnwZ¨‡Ki Kv‡Q| Qwei Kvwnbx `k©Kü`q‡K Mfxifv‡e ¯úk©
K‡i|
Avqbv I Aewkó (1967)

evsjv‡`‡ki Pjw‪P‡Îi BwZnv‡m GKm‡½ `y‡Uv †QvUMí wb‡q cÖ_g Pjw‪PÎ wbg©vY K‡ib myfvl
`Ë ÔAvqbv I AewkóÕ bv‡g| ÔAvqbvÕ MíwUi †jLK •mq` kvgmyj nK| g~j MíwUi bvg
Ô†iv‡Kqvi gyLÕ| ÔAewkóÕ MíwUi †jLK mvsevw`K-mvwnwZ¨K Avwgby¾vgvb| ÔwPÎvjxÕ‡Z
cÖKvwkZ ÔAvwg †m I †eex AvcvÕ Aej¤^‡b ÔAewkóÕ wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q| Avm‡j QwewU wQj `ywU
¯^í‣`N©¨ wP‡Îi mgvnvi| wkí‡kvfb I i wPkxj Qwe wn‡m‡e ÔAvqbv I AewkóÕ cÖkswmZ
n‡qwQj|
myL `ytL (1971)

KvRx bRi j Bmjv‡gi ÔcÙ‡MvL‡ivÕ Mí Aej¤^‡b Lvb AvZvDi ingvb 1971 mv‡j ÔmyL
`ytLÕ bv‡g Qwe wbg©vY K‡ib| G Qwei M‡íi mv‡ci cÖwZ gvby‡li (m‰‭vbnxb gv‡qi) ggZ¡‡eva
Ab¨w`‡K abm¤ú‡ì cÖwZ †jv‡fi welq Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|
Wygy‡ii dzj (1978)

myfvl `Ë 1978 mv‡j Avevi †QvUMí wb‡q Pjw‪PÎ wbg©vY K‡ib ÔWyg‡y ii dzjÕ| G Qwei
Kvwnbx M‡o D‡V‡Q Avkivd wmwÏKxi weL¨vZ †QvUMí ÔMwji av‡i †Q‡jwUÕ Aej¤^‡b| GwZg
411
jvo‬ Amy¯  n‡q nvmcvZv‡j hvq| my¯  nIqvi ci Avi nvmcvZvj Z¨vM Ki‡Z Pvq bv|
nvmcvZv‡ji bvm© †iv‡Kqvi Avì-hZ′ Zvi gv‡S bZzb †PZbvi Rb¥ †`q| c‡i †m welcv‡b
AvZ¥nZ¨v K‡i| Qwei cÖ‡qvR‡b GB M‡í bZzb PwiÎ †iv‡Kqvi †cÖwgK I Zv‡ì †cÖg
ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gme m‡Ë¡I QwewUi wbg©vYKzkjZv cÖksmv‡hvM¨ n‡qwQj| QwewU †`k-
we‡`‡k cyi¯‥…Z I cÖkswmZ n‡qwQj|
AveZ©b (1986)
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì †QvUMí ÔQvZvÕ Aej¤^‡b Avey mvqx` ÔAveZbÕ wbg©vY K‡ib| 1980
`k‡K †h ¯^í‣`N©¨, weKíavivi Pjw‪P‡Îi DÌvb N‡U ÔAveZ©bÕ wQj ZviB bv‱`wbK cÖ‡Póv|
e„wó (1989)
AvjvDwÏb Avj AvRv‡ì Av‡iKwU †QvUMí Ôe„wóÕ Aej¤^‡b Qwe wbg©vY K‡ib †gvi‡k`yj
Bmjvg| Ôe„wóÕI wQj weKíavivi ¯^í‣`N©¨ Pjw‪PÎ| QwewU‡Z i‡q‡Q m„RbkxjZvi ¯^v¶i|
kvw¯— (2005), myfv (2005), KveyjxIqvjv (2005)

evsjv mvwn‡Zï †QvUM‡íi mgªvU n‡jb iex‱`ªbv_ VvKzi| Zuvi Mí Ôkvw¯‭Õ Aej¤^‡b ÔKvVMovÕ
wbg©v‡Yi D‡`¨vM wb‡qwQ‡jb Pvlx bRi j Bmjvg, 1980 `k‡K| wK‰‧ †m cÖ‡Póv mdj nqwb|
Z‡e Pvlx †_‡g _v‡Kbwb| cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb GKB †QvUMí wb‡q GKB bv‡g Ôkvw¯‭Õ Ges Ab¨
Av‡iKwU iex‱`ªMí wb‡q ÔmyfvÕ wbg©vY K‡ib| Zvi `y‡Uv QweB myaxgn‡j cÖkswmZ n‡q‡Q|
cwiPvjK KvRx nvqvr iex‱`ª-Mí wb‡q ÔKveyjxIqvjvÕ evwb‡q‡Qb| QwewU Av‡jvwPZ nqwb|
Z‡e, KveyjxIqvjv Pwi‡Î iƒc`vbKvix gvb′v `vwe K‡i‡Qb, GwU Zuvi Rxe‡bi †kªô AwfbxZ
wPÎ|
AeyS eD (2010)
iex‱`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ÔmgvwßÕ Mí Aej¤^‡b bvwM©m AvLZvi ÔAeyS eDÕ bv‡g Pjw‪PÎ wbg©vY
K‡i‡Qb|
iv¶zmx (2006), †g‡ni wbMvi (2006)

KvRx bRi j Bmjv‡gi †QvUMí wb‡q gwZb ingvb Ôiv¶zmxÕ Ges †g․mygx I ¸jRvi Ô†g‡ni
wbMviÕ evwb‡q‡Qb| `y‡Uv Qwe‡ZB we‡bv`b dgyj
© v cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q|
Drm : kwdK nvmvb m¤úvw`Z †QvU KvMR ÔcÖKvkÕ; el© : 08, msL¨v : 05, b‡f¤î 2011|
[†jLK: MíKvi, cÖvewÜK, Pjw”PÎ-M‡elK| cÖv³b Aa¨vcK, ÷¨vg‡dvU© wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|]
412
m s hy w³
Av‡jvwPZ †QvUM‡íi ZvwjKv
mv b wR `v Av L Zv i
wefvMc~e©Kvj
Ab′v`vk¼i ivq : Ômevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨Õ, gbceb, KjKvZv, wW. Gg. jvB‡eªwi, 1353
Gm.Gg. eRjyj nK : ÔfvM bv w`‡q fvMv‡bvÕ, †gvnv¤§`x, 20k el©, 9g msL¨v, (m¤úv`K :
†gvnv¤§` AvKig Luv), KjKvZv, Avlvp, 1354
b‡i‱`ªbv_ wgÎ : ÔcZvKvÕ (1947), b‡i›`ªbv_ wgÎ Mígvjv 3, KjKvZv, Avb‱`
cvewjkvm©, 4_© gy`Yª , 1992
g‡bvR emy : ÔBqvwmb wgqvÕ, Ôe‡‱` gvZigÕ, c„w_ex Kv‡ì (1940), g‡bvR emyi
Mí mgMÖ, m¤úv`bv : f~‡è †P․ayix, KjKvZv, †e½j cÖvB‡fU
wjwg‡UW, 1382
: Ôwn‱`y-gymwjg `v½vÕ, `ytL wbkvi †k‡l, KjKvZv, 1352
ikx` Kixg : ÔfvB fvB VuvB VuvBÕ, †gvnv¤§`x, (m¤úv`K : †gvnv¤§` AvKig Luv),
19k el©, 5g msL¨v, KjKvZv, dvêyb 1352/1946
mg‡ik emy : ÔAv`veÕ, cwiPq, (m¤úv`K : mykxj Rvbv), 1946, †f`we‡f`,
gvb‡e‱`ª e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq m¤úvw`Z, KjKvZv, †`ÕR cvewjwks, 1992
†mv‡gb P‱` : Ô`v½vÕ, cÖwZ‡iva, XvKv, 1349, Av¸‡bi A¶i, †mv‡gb P‱` ¯§viKMÖ‰ ,
m¤úv`bv : wKiY k¼i †mb¸ß, cweÎ miKvi m¤úvw`Z, KjKvZv,
1992
•mq` gyRZev Avjx : Ô†b‡oÕ, gy³aviv, w`‡b‱`ªbv_ VvKzi I bwjbx ivq m¤úvw`Z, KjKvZv,
1g el©, •ekvL-•R¨ô 1338 msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ, Amv¤cÖ`vwqK,
•k‡jkKzgvi e‡‱`¨vcva¨vq m¤úvw`Z, KjKvZv, ¯^Z‰¿ cÖKvkbx, 1995
413
c~e©e½ : 1947-1950
Aa¨vcK (gyn¤§` Ave`yj nvB) : Ô†emyiÕ, †gvnv¤§`x, 23k el©, 12k msL¨v, XvKv, Avwk¦b
1354
Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †P․ayix : Ô¯^v¶iÕ, mIMvZ (m¤úv`K : †gvnv¤§` bvwmiDwÏb), 30k el©,
3q msL¨v, XvKv, gvN 1354
Avey RvnuvMxi : Ôcybe″©vmbÕ, †gvnv¤§`x (m¤úv`K : †gvnv¤§` AvKig Luv), 22k
el©, 3q msL¨v, XvKv †c․l 1357
AveyR‡& Rvnv b~i Avng` : Ô†gvnv‡RiÕ, gv‡n-bI (m¤úv`K : Ave`yi ikx`), 1g el©, 12
msL¨v, KivwP, gvP© 1950
Avey i k&` : ÔnvoÕ, w`ji‚ev (m¤úv`K : Ave`yj Kvwì), 1g el©, 4_© msL¨v,
XvKv, kªveY 1356/1949; Ô†gvnv‡RiÕ, gv‡n-bI (m¤úv`K :
Ave`yi ikx`), 2q el©, 5g msL¨v, KivwP, AvM÷ 1950
AvjvDwÏb-Avj-AvRv` : ÔQywiÕ, `vsMvi cuvPwU Mí, XvKv, bZzb mvwnZ¨ cÖKvkbx, 1356;
ÔwkKoÕ, †R‡M AvwQ, XvKv, Ave`yj evix Iqvm©x, 1950;
Ô†ivMgyw³i BwZe„ËÕ, (1949-50), †R‡M AvwQ, XvKv, K¨vwcUvj
cvewjkvm©, 1951; Ô†gNbvÕ, AMZ¨v (m¤úv`K : dR‡j †jvnvbx),
XvKv, AMÖnvqY 1357
Avkivd-DR-Rvgvb : ÔwiKkvIqvjvÕ, gv‡n-bI, 2q el©, 5g msL¨v, XvKv, AvM÷
1950; Ôwe¯‭…wZÕ, †gvnv¤§`x, 21k el©, 7g msL¨v, XvKv, •ekvL
1357
Iev‡q`-Dj-nK : ÔZmjxgvÕ, gv‡n-bI, cÖ_g el©, wØZxq msL¨v, KivwP, †g 1949;
Ôevc †ewUÕ, gv‡n-bI, 1g el©, 10g msL¨v, Rvbyqvwi 1950;
Ôg‰‧i †e․Õ, gv‡n-bI, 1g el©, 12k msL¨v, gvP© 1950
†Ìqvb gyn¤§` AvRid †P․ayix : Ôkikh¨vÕ, Avj Bmjvn& (m¤úv`K : †gvnv¤§` byi j nK),
10g el©, 6ô msL¨v, wm‡jU, Avwk¦b 1354
†eMg nvmvgZ ikx` : Ôdwiqv`Õ, gv‡n-bI, 2q el©, 3q msL¨v, Ryb 1950
†evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi : ÔAZ‱`ªÕ, `vsMvi cuvPwU Mí, c~‡e©v³
wgR©v Av.gy. Ave`yj nvB : ÔZey fwij bv wPËÕ, gv‡n-bI, 1g el©, 7g msL¨v, KivwP,
A‡±vei, 1949
gy¯‭vdv b~iDj Bmjvg : Abyev`, ÔcÖwZ‡kvaÕ, g~j : LvRv Avn¤§` Ave″vm, `vsMvi cuvPwU
Mí, c~‡e©v³
†gvnv¤§` AvwRRyj nK : ÔmfvÕ, †gvnv¤§`x, 21k el©, 10g msL¨v, XvKv, kªveY 1357
†gvnv¤§` Ave`yj gwR` : ÔwiKkvIqvjvÕ, gv‡n-bI, 2q el©, 2q msL¨v, KivwP, †g, 1950
†gvnv¤§` Iqv‡R` Avjx : Ô†gvnv‡RiÕ, gv‡n-bI, 2q el©, 4_© msL¨v, KivwP, RyjvB, 1950
†gvnv¤§` †gv`v‡e″i : Ôev¯‧ I cokxÕ, gv‡n-bI, 1g el©, 8g msL¨v, KivwP, b‡f¤î,
1949
414
kvgmyj nK : Ô†gvgevwZÕ, mvßvwnK •mwbK (m¤úv`K : kv‡n` Avjx I Gbvgyj
nK), XvKv, 11 Ryb, 1950
wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi : ÔNiÕ, mIMvZ, 33k el©, 1g msL¨v, XvKv, 1356
•mq`v mywdqv mvwnZïZ′ : Ôme″©nvivÕ, Avj-Bmjvn&, 11k el©, 5g I 6ô msL¨v, wm‡jU, fv`ª
I Avwk¦b 1356
nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb : Abyev`, Ô†ckIqvi G·‡cÖmÕ, g~j : K…lY P‱ì, `vsMvi cuvPwU
Mí, c~‡e©v³
c~e©e½ : 1951-1960
Aebx b‱`x : ÔwbQK wPÎv¼bÕ, weåvš„ emš„, XvKv, gvayix b‱`x, Iqvm©x eyK
†m‱Uvi, 1359
AvKeiDÏxb : ÔcvivcviÕ, †gvnv¤§`x (m¤úv`K : †gvnv¤§` AvKig Luv), 25k
el©, 8g msL¨v, XvKv, •R¨ô 1361
Av‡Zvqvi ingvb : ÔeyØy`Õ, w`ji‚ev, 3q el©, 2q-3q msL¨v, XvKv, •R¨ô-Avlvp
1358; ÔGK gv‡mi eëmvÕ, †gvnv¤§`x, 22k el©, 12k msL¨v,
XvKv, Avwk¦b 1358
Ave`yj Mvd&dvi †P․ayix : ÔAbya″wbÕ, gv‡n-bI (m¤úv`K : Ave`yi ikx`), 3q el©, 4_©
msL¨v, XvKv, RyjvB 1951, kªveY 1358
Avey kvn&wiqvi : ÔKeiÕ, mIMvZ, 41k el©, 8g msL¨v, XvKv, kªveY 1366
Aveyj nvmvb kvgmywÏb : ÔBwZnvmÕ, gyLi cÖvš„i, h‡kvi : Rwibv †eMg, †c․l 1367
AvjvDwÏb-Avj-AvRv` : Ômyg©v wmu`yiÕ, g„Mbvwf, XvKv, Ave`yj evix Iqvm©x, 1954
Avkivd-DR-Rvgvb : ÔwbZvB gv÷viÕ, †Lqv †b․Kvi gvwS, XvKv, gL`ygx A¨vÛ
Avn&QvbDjøvn& jvB‡eªix, 1359
Avk&ivd wmwÏKx : ÔcyKzi Iqvjv evoxÕ, †gvnv¤§`x, 24k el©, 6ô msL¨v, XvKv, •PÎ
1359
Beªvnxg Luv : Ô`yBwU gvbylÕ, kZ`j (c~e©LÊ), XvKv, AvRv` cvewjwks nvDm,
1959
G.†K. gKeyj Avn&g` : Ô¯§„wZÕ, a~mi gvwU bxj AvKvk, ewikvj : mvnviv †eMg, 1363
Gg.G. AvRg : Ô`yB Aa¨vqÕ, gv‡n-bI, 3el©, 2q msL¨v, XvKv, †g 1951
Iqv‡R` gRby : Ômgc©YÕ, w`ji‚ev (m¤úv`K : Ave`yj Kvwì), 10g el©, 10g
msL¨v, XvKv, gvN 1356
KvRx †gv¯‭vwdRyi ingvb : ÔAvq Nyg AvqÕ, †gvnv¤§`x, 31k el©, 2q msL¨v, XvKv, AMÖnvqY
1366
†Mvcvj wek¦vm : Ô†emy‡ivÕ, mgKvj, (m¤úv`K : wmKvb&`vi Avey Rvdi), 1g el©,
2q msL¨v, XvKv, Avwk¦b 1364
†evinvbDwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi : ÔwP‰‭vgwYÕ, AMZ¨v (m¤úv`K : dR‡j †jvnvbx), 3q el©, 8g
msL¨v, XvKv, •R¨ô 1358
415
gCbyÏxb : Ôbvm© mwLbvÕ, gv‡n-bI, 7g el©, 6ô msL¨v, XvKv, Avwk¦b 1362,
†m‡Þ¤î 1955
gnxDwÏb : ÔwfoÕ, †gvnv¤§`x, 25k el©, 4_© msL¨v, XvKv, gvN 1360
gvngy` †gvKviig †nv‡mb : Ôm~h©¯^c′Õ, m~h©¯^cœ, w`bvRcyi : bI‡ivR mvwnZ¨ gRwjk, 1960
wgb′vZ Avjx : ÔGKwU cwjwUKvj ¯^c&bÕ, Avgvi cÖ_g †cÖg, XvKv, mÜvbx
cÖKvkbx, 1959; Ômevi Dc‡i gvbyl mZ¨Õ, gv‡n-bI, 3q el©, 1g
msL¨v, XvKv, •ekvL 1358, GwcÖj 1951;ÔAwfb′Õ, Ô`w¶YvÕ,
Ôü`q Avgvi bv‡P‡i AvwR‡KÕ, gd¯^j msev`, XvKv, gwR`
cvewjwks nvDm, 1958
gywReyi ingvb : Ô`ykgbÕ, gv‡n-bI, GKv`k el©, 12k msL¨v, XvKv, •PÎ 1366,
gvP© 1960
†gvm‡jgDÏxb Avn‡¤§` : Ô`yM©Z wkwe‡ii evwn‡iÕ, w`ji‚ev (m¤úv`K : Ave`yj Kvwì), 3q
el©, 1g msL¨v, XvKv, •ekvL 1358
†gvnv¤§` AvwRRyj nK : Ôg„Zz¨Õ, gv‡n-bI, 2q el©, 11k msL¨v, XvKv, †deª qvwi 1951
kIKZ Imgvb : ÔAvwjg gyqvw¾bÕ, wcuRiv‡cvj, KjKvZv, Ave`yj Kvwì Luv,
bI‡ivR jvB‡eªwi, 1358
kvgmyÏxb Aveyj Kvjvg : ÔKvjivwÎ †fviÕ, c_ Rvbv bvB, XvKv, c¨vivWvBR jvB‡eªwi,
1360/ 1953
kvgmywÏb nvq`vi : ÔhvhveiÕ, gv‡n-bI, 7g el©, 6ô msL¨v, XvKv, Avwk¦b 1362,
†m‡Þ¤î 1955
mi`vi R‡qbD`&`xb : ÔBwZnv‡mi †QuovcvZvÕ, Li‡mªvZ, XvKv, AvwRRyi ingvb †P․ayix,
†Kvwnbyi jvB‡eªwi, 1362
mvBdzj Bmjvg : ÔRbc`Õ, gv‡n-bI, 8g el©, 3q msL¨v, XvKv, Avlvp 1363, Ryb
1956
nvwmbv LvZzb : ÔcvkvcvwkÕ, †gvnv¤§`x, 24k el©, 3q msL¨v, XvKv, †c․l 1359
c~e©e½ : 1961-1970
AvKvÏm wmivRyj Bmjvg : ÔmK‡ji Rb¨Õ, †gvnv¤§`x, 35k el©, 10g msL¨v, XvKv, kªveY
1371
AvRnvi j Bmjvg : ÔF‡Yi †evSvÕ, ÔcwÊZ gkvBÕ, fMœvsk, XvKv, KvRx Avwbmyi
ingvb, 1967
Ave`yj gvb′vb •mq` : ÔMí 1964Õ, (iPbvKvj : 1970), wbe©vwPZ Mí, XvKv, gy³aviv,
1987
Avey BmnvK : ÔebgvbylÕ, nv‡ig, XvKv, nvwm cÖKvkbvjq, 1369
AvjvDwÏb-Avj-AvRv` : ÔDRvb Zi‡½Õ, DRvb Zi‡½, XvKv, gvIjv eªv`vm© 1962; Ô`ycy‡i
cÖ¯ vbÕ, hLb •mKZ, PÆMÖvg : bvwmg Lvb, 1967
Beªvnxg Luv : ÔwQ`vgÕ, gv‡n-bI (m¤úv`K : Ave`yj Kvwì), 14k el©, 5g
msL¨v, XvKv, fv`ª 1369, AvM÷ 1962
416
BmnvK PvLvix : ÔivqUÕ, Rvbvjv, XvKv, kvgmyb′vnvi Rvgvj, Rwj eyK&m, 1967
bvRgyj Avjg : ÔZvweRÕ, c~evjx (m¤úv`K : †gvnv¤§` byi j Bmjvg), C` msL¨v,
XvKv, 1370, GKwU APj Avwb, XvKv, c~iex cvewjkvm©, 1966
ekxi Avj‡njvj : ÔQyU‰‭ R½‡jÕ, ¯^‡cœi Kzkxje, KjKvZv, G. AvB. †P․ayix, 1967
eyjeb Imgvb : ÔcÖZ¨vjxpÕ, cÖZ¨vjxp, XvKv, AvmdvK Imgvb, 1976
gwdRDwÏb Avng` : ÔLywì gvÕ, mgKvj, 7g el©, 5-7 msL¨v, XvKv, †c․l-dvêyb
1370
†gvbvRvZ DwÏb : ÔAvevi bZzb K‡iÕ, †gvnv¤§`x, AvRvw` msL¨v, 35k el©, 12k
msL¨v, Avwk¦b 1371
wiwRqv ingvb : ÔGK Kvb′vi ¯^v`Õ, AwMœ¯^v¶iv, XvKv, Aveyj evmvi †gvnv¤§`
wmwÏK, 1374
jyrdv Kv‡ì : ÔbeRb¥Õ, †gvnv¤§`x, 36k el©, 12k msL¨v, XvKv, Avwk¦b 1372
kIKZ Imgvb : ÔAv‡Lix msµv‰‭Õ, mgKvj, 9g el©, 5-8g msL¨v, XvKv, †c․l-
•PÎ, 1372, mv¤cÖ`vwqKZv we‡ivax Mí, AvLZvi û‡mb
m¤úvw`Z, XvKv, RvZxq mvwnZ¨ cÖKvkbx, 1991; Ôg‰¿¸YÕ,
†bÎc_, XvKv, Ave`yj Kvwì Lvb, 1968
•mq` IqvjxDjøvn& : ÔGKwU Zzjmx Mv‡Qi KvwnbxÕ, `yB Zxi I Ab¨vb¨ Mí, XvKv,
bI‡ivR wKZvwe¯‭vb, 1965, •mq` IqvjxDjøvn& iPbvejx, 2q
LÊ, m¤úv`bv : •mq` AvKig †nv‡mb, XvKv, evsjv GKv‡Wgx,
1987
nvqvr gvgy` : ÔAwebv‡ki g„Zz¨Õ, c~e©evsjvi MímsMÖn, wgwni AvPvh© m¤úvw`Z,
KjKvZv, ïKmvix cÖKvkbv, 1969
nvmvb AvwRRyj nK : ÔDËi em‡‰‭Õ, mgy‡`ªi ¯^cœ : kx‡Zi AiY¨, XvKv, cvwK¯‭vb †jLK
msN, 1371; ÔcievmxÕ, AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ, XvKv,
gy³aviv, 1967; ÔgvixÕ, mgKvj, 10g el© 6-8g msL¨v, XvKv,
gvN-•PÎ, 1373, AvZ¥Rv I GKwU Kiex MvQ, XvKv, gy³aviv,
1967; ÔLuvPvÕ (1967), nvmvb AvwRRyj n‡Ki wbe©vwPZ Mí,
XvKv, RvZxq MÖ‰  cÖKvkb, 1996
nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb : ÔgvwbK‡RvoÕ, mgKvj, 7g el©, 3-4_© msL¨v, XvKv, KvwZ©K-
AMÖnvqY, 1370;ÔAv‡iv `ywU g„Zz¨Õ, ÔgvQÕ, Av‡iv `ywU g„Zz¨, XvKv,
gy³aviv, 1970
Drm : MÖš’ : evsjv †QvUM‡í †`kwefvM (1947-1970); †jLK : mvbwR`v AvLZvi| cÖKvkK
: evsjv GKv‡Wgx, XvKv| cÖKvkKvj : 1g cÖKvk Ryb 2002
[ †jLK: M‡elK| cÖv³b wefvMxh cÖavb, evsjv, XvKv K‡jR| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, b_©mvD_
BDwbfvwm©wU, XvKv| ]
417

Evsjv ' Ki Qvumí Welqk Cöeü MSL V: NVJLVZV

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Evsjv ' Ki Qvumí Welqk Cöeü MSL V: NVJLVZV

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welqwfwËK •ÎgvwmK cwÎKv nvjLvZv

evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí welqK cÖeÜ msL¨v

wbivc` Lvevi cvwb : w`wjø n‡b․R `~i A¯‭!

evsjv‡`‡ki Mí: f~wgKv

†Kb evsjv‡`‡ki Mí? †Kb evsjvMí bq?

avivevwnKZv wKsev cvi¤ú‡h©i cwiPq

†kl K_v; A‡kl cÖkœ

[ †jLK: M`¨wkíx| †ckvq wPwKrmK| ]

[ †jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq| ]

evsjv M‡íi DËivwaKvi

iex›`ªbv_ †_‡K gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨vq : evsjv M‡íi ¯^Y©mgq

Af~Zc~e© mgq, Abv¯^vw`Z AwfÁZv

Avevi euvK cwieZ©b

iPbvKvj : †deª“qvwi Ñ †g, 2008

1. kZe‡l©i evOjv †QvU Mí : GKwU iƒc‡iLv/ D¾¡j Kzgvi gRyg`vi|

[ †jLK: M`¨wkíx| †ckv: Aa¨vcbv, c`v_©we`¨v, BwÛ‡cb‡W›U BDwbfvwm©wU| ]

evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí: welq I Avw½K †PZbv

evi“‡`i MÜfiv mKvj Ges Zvici

[ †jLK: Kwe, cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, Kzwgjøv wek¦we`¨vjq| ]

evsjv‡`‡ki M‡íi aviv

M‡íi cÖeYZv I •ewkó¨

Aveyj gbmyi Avng` (1897-1979)

Ave`yj Mvddvi †PŠayix (R. 1934)

bvRgyj Avjg (R. 1927)

kvgmy`&`xb Aveyj Kvjvg (1926-1997)

Avey BmnvK (1926-2000)

kv‡n` Avjx (1925-2001)

nvmvb AvwRRyj nK (R. 1939)

AveyeKi wmwÏK (R. 1934)

AvLZvi“¾vgvb Bwjqvm (1943-1997)

Kv‡qm Avn‡g` (1948-1992)

knx`yj Rwni (1953-2008)

nwic` `Ë (R. 1947)

(L) ga¨weË gb¯‹Zvi †QvUMí

•mq` IqvjxDjøvn& (1922-1971)

†evinvb DwÏb Lvb Rvnv½xi (R. 1936)

†R¨vwZcÖKvk `Ë (R. 1939)

Ave`yj gvbœvb •mq` (1943-2020)

Avwbm †PŠayix (1929-1990)

•mq` kvgmyj nK (R. 1935)

†mwjbv †nv‡mb (R. 1947)

(M) BwZnvm-cyivY-cÖZx‡K mgKvj

kIKZ Imgvb (1917-1998)

wiwRqv ingvb (R. 1939)

(N) bMi‡Kw›`ªK `„wó‡KvY

mi`vi R‡qbD`&`xb (1923-1986)

kIKZ Avjx (R. 1936)

[ †jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq| ]

Kv‡ji gw‱`iv †h m`vB ev‡R WvB‡b euv‡q `yB nv‡Z

Avgvi eB c‡o‡Qb wbðqB|

[ †jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, AemicÖvß| ]

[†jLK: Kwe, MíKvi, cÖvewÜK| mn‡hvMx Aa¨vcK, †dvK‡jvi, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq|]

evsjv‡`‡ki †QvUMí : avb fvb‡Z wk‡ei MxZ

[ †jLK: MíKvi| wd«j¨vÝ¨vi| ]

gyw³hy‡×i †QvUMí : ey‡jUwe× w`bivwÎ

AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi †QvUM‡í gyw³hy×

AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm (1943-1997) mgKvjxb evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i Awemsev`x wkíx|

wcIb BmnvK wgqvi fvl¨ :

[ †jLK: cÖvewÜK, M‡elK| Aa¨vcK, evsjv, †iv‡Kqv wek¦we`¨vjq, iscyi| ]

AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqv‡mi †QvUM‡í gyw³hy×

AvLZvi ¾vgvb Bwjqvm (1943-1997) mgKvjxb evsjv K_vmvwn‡Z¨i Awemsev`x wkíx|

B| Avi, wb‡R‡`i mvwnwZ¨KRxe‡b m~Pbvq, AvÇv, eÜze„Ë BZ¨vw` wb‡q AvLZvi ¾vgvb

evsjv‡`‡ki mgv‡R I ms¯‥…wZ‡Z bvix-cyi ‡li m¤úK© µgk iƒcv‰‭wiZ n‡‪Q| †mwjbv