cwigvwR©Z wWwcGW

(cÖv_wgK wk¶K‡`i Rb¨ †gŠwjK cÖwk¶Y)

gwWDj 03: wk¶vµg,

wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj Ges g~j¨vqb
wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj (Z_¨cy¯ÍK)

Ryb 2023

cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi

cÖv_wgK I MYwk¶v gš¿Yvjq

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Riywi|

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G‡m `vuwo‡q‡Q|

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Lmov cÖYxZ gwWDjmg~‡ni Dci Av‡jvPbv nq Ges mevi gZvg‡Zi wfwˇZ GB gwWDjmg~n P‚ovš— Kiv nq|

GB cÖwk¶Y gwWDjmg~n cÖYq‡b I Dbœq‡b huviv AwZ Aí mg‡q AK¬vš— cwikÖg K‡i‡Qb Zuv‡`i cÖwZ Avwg
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cÖv_wgK wk¶vq `¶ZvwfwËK cÖwk¶‡Yi wfZ wewbwg©Z n‡e Ges gvbm¤§Z cÖv_wgK wk¶v wbwðZKi‡Y f‚wgKv
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dwi` Avnv¤§`
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gv‡bi †¶‡ÎI h‡_ó cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e GUv Ab¯^xKvh© †h, cÖv_wgK wk¶vi cwigvYMZ I
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bZzb cvV¨cy¯—K Ges wk¶K mnvwqKv| cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZi cÖ‡qvR‡b wk¶K-Dbœqb Kvh©µ‡giI cwieZ©b
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wk¶K‡`i Rb¨ †gŠwjK cÖwk¶Y Kg©m~wP cÖYxZ n‡q‡Q|

wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj welqK cÖwk¶Y gwWDjwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡qi wk¶K‡`i nv‡Z-Kj‡g (Hands
on) wkLb †kLv‡bvi Kvh©Ki †KŠk‡j Af¨¯— n‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e e‡j Avkv Kiv hvq| Gi gva¨‡g wk¶KZv
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D‡j-L i‡q‡Q|

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nq| cieZ©x mg‡q evsjv wel‡qi e¨enviKvix I we‡klÁM‡Yi gZvgZ wb‡q P~ovš—Lmov cÖYqb Kiv nq|

cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ †h‡KvbI DcKiY cÖYqb I Dbœqb GKwU Pjgvb cÖwµqv| GB gWz¨jwUI cÖwk¶‡Yi ci
wk¶‡Ki cÖZ¨vwkZ Dbœq‡bi Ici cÖfve cwigvc welqK M‡elYv cwiPvwjZ n‡e| M‡elYvq cÖvß djvd‡ji
wfwˇZ cÖ‡qvR‡b GB gWz¨jwU cwigvR©‡bi c_ †Lvjv _vK‡e| GQvovI cÖwk¶Y gWz¨jwUi AwaKZi Dbœq‡bi
Rb¨ †h‡Kv‡bv MVbg~jK I hyw³msMZ civgk© ¸iy‡Z¡i m‡½ we‡ePbvq wb‡q welqe¯‘ Ges cÖwk¶Y †KŠk‡ji
welqvw` ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡e|

†gav I wbijm kÖg w`‡q wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj welqK cÖwk¶Y gWz¨j cÖYq‡b huviv Ae`vb †i‡L‡Qb
Zuv‡`i Avwg we‡klfv‡e ab¨ev` Ávcb KiwQ|

W. DËg Kzgvi `vk

cwiPvjK (cÖwk¶Y)
cÖv_wgK wk¶v Awa`ßi, XvKv|
 Z_¨cy¯—K e¨env‡ii wb‡`©kbv

GB Z_¨cy¯—KwU wcwUAvB‡Z cÖwk¶‡Yi mgq e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e| GB Z_¨cy¯—‡K cÖv_wgK¯—‡ii wk¶v_©x‡`i
wewfbœ wel‡qi wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠk‡ji we¯—vwiZ weeiY †`Iqv Av‡Q| GB Kvi‡Y Z_¨cy¯—KwU cÖwk¶‡Yi
c‡iI wk¶K‡K wk¶v_©xi wkLbdj AR©‡bi Rb¨ mnvqK n‡e| wZbwU ch©v‡q GB Z_¨cy¯—KwU e¨envi Ki‡Z
n‡e|

▪ Awa‡ekb PvjvKvjxb cÖwk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx Z_¨cy¯—KwU cÖ_g ch©vq

e¨envi Ki‡eb| KviY cÖwk¶‡Yi welqe¯‘, aviYv I cÖwµqv
m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi AwfÁZv ch©v‡jvPbvi my‡hvM m„wó n‡e|
▪ cÖwk¶‡Yi cÖvi‡¤¢ cÖ`Ë cÖwk¶Y m~wPi mv‡_ wgj K‡i
Awa‡ekbwU c‡o wb‡eb| KviY †h welqwU Av‡jvwPZ n‡Z
hv‡”Q †m-welq m¤ú‡K© gvbwmK cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z mnRZi n‡e|
▪ cÖwk¶Y PjvKvjxb Av‡jvwPZ welq m¤ú‡K© wb‡Ri e³e¨
wjwce× Ki‡eb| cÖwk¶‡Y mnKg©xi e³e¨ ï‡b †m-m¤ú‡K©
aviYv wj‡L ivL‡j wfbœfv‡e wPš—v Kivi `¶Zv e„w× cv‡e|

▪ GKwU Awa‡ekb †kl KIqvi cÖv°v‡j Awa‡ekb ev Av‡jvwPZ welq

wØZxq ch©vq
m¤ú‡K© ¯^-AbywPš—b wj‡L ivL‡eb| GB †jLvi ga¨ w`‡q welqe¯‘
m¤ú‡K© aviYv, wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb I Awa‡ekb †_‡K cÖvß †Kv‡bv fv‡jv
gZvg‡Zi g‡a¨ †hvMm~Î Lyu‡R †c‡Z mnvqZv Ki‡e|
▪ Awa‡ekb †k‡l welqe¯‘ I †kÖwYK‡¶ wkLb †kLv‡bvi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv
bZzbZ¡ Ges wfbœZv AbyPš—‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ RvqMvq wj‡L ivL‡eb|
GB welqwU cÖwk¶Y †k‡lI Avcbvi ˆ`bw›`b wkLb †kLv‡bv Kv‡R
bZzbZ¡ ev ˆewPΨ Avb‡Z mnvqK n‡e|

▪ Z_¨cy¯—KwU cÖwk¶Y Kvjxb e¨envi n‡jI we`¨vj‡q Ab¨vb¨ Z„Zxq ch©vq

wk¶KM‡Yi cÖwk¶Y m¤ú‡K© Z_¨ cvIqvi my‡hvM m„wói Rb¨
we`¨vj‡q msi¶Y Ki‡Z n‡e|
▪ †kÖwYK‡¶ wkLb †kLv‡bvi mnvqK Z_¨fvÛvi wn‡m‡e Mb¨
Ki‡eb| wkLb †kLv‡bvi c~‡e© cv‡Vi aib Abyhvqx wb‡`©kbv
c‡o cv‡Vi Rb¨ cÖ¯‘wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z Z_¨cy¯—KwU mnvqK
f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e|
 m~wPcÎ

Awa‡ekb b¤^i Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg c„ôv

1 Kvh©Ki †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbv
2 wk¶v_©x‡Kw›`ªK wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj wbe©vPb
3 wk¶v_©x‡Kw›`ªK wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj Abykxjb
4 GKxf‚Z wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg
5 BDwbf©vmvj wWRvBb di jvwb©s (UDL)
6 AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb
7 AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb (wmgy‡jkb I ch©v‡jvPbv)
8 mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj
9 mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj (wmgy‡jkb I ch©v‡jvPbv)
10 cÖKí/cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb ‡kLv‡bv †KŠkj
11 cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb: wmgy‡jkb cvV Dc¯’vcb Ges ch©v‡jvPbv
12 †Ljvi Q‡j wkLb
13 †Ljvi Q‡j wkLb: wmgy‡jkb I ch©v‡jvPbv
14 gvwë‡mÝwi DcKiY
15 wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g cÖhyw³i e¨envi
16 পাঠ পরিকল্পনা পর্যাল াচনা ও উন্নয়ন
Awa‡ekb-01 wk‡ivbvg: Kvh©Ki †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbv
wkLbdj:
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY:
K. †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi Dcv`vbmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
M. Kvh©Ki †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iyZ¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
N. Kvh©Ki †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvq wbR Ae¯’vb Ges Dbœq‡bi †¶Î wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c×wZ I †KŠkj: cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv, GKvK KvR, `jMZ KvR I Ab¨vb¨|

Ask-K: †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbv
†kÖwY Kvh©µ‡gi cÖwZdjb N‡U †kÖwYK‡¶| ZvB †kÖwYK‡¶ BwZevPK cwi‡ek Avek¨K| †kÖwYK‡¶ Dchy³ Ávb
PP©vi AbyK‚j cwi‡ek m„wói Rb¨B cÖ‡qvRb †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbv| we`¨vj‡qi †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbv ej‡Z wk¶vi
Kvw•¶Z j¶¨ nvwmj Kivi Rb¨ †fŠZ Ges gvbexq Dcv`v‡bi mvwe©K e¨e¯’vcbv K‡i Ávb PP©vi AbyK‚j
cwi‡ek m„wói mvgwMÖK cÖwµqv‡KB †evSvq| A_©vr wk¶K wk¶vµ‡gi Av‡jv‡K †kÖwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb
cÖwµqv‡K mdjfv‡e ev¯—evqb Kivi Rb¨ †h mKj Kvh©µg MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb Zv‡KB †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbv
e‡j|

†kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi Dcv`vbmg~n

†kÖwY e¨e¯’vcbvi Dcv`vbmg~n‡K cÖavbZ `yB fv‡M fvM Kiv nq, †hgb
1. ‡fŠZ e¨e¯’vcbv
2. gvbexq e¨e¯’vcbv
1. †fŠZ e¨e¯’vcbv:
†kÖwYK‡¶i †fŠZ myweavw` G e¨e¯’vcbvi Aš—f©~³| †hgb,
- †kÖwYK¶
- wk¶v_©x Dc‡hvMx Avmb mvgMÖx
- †evW©
- †ev‡W© †jLvi mvgMÖx
2. gvbexq e¨e¯’vcbv
wk¶v_©xi cvV aviY Dc‡hvMx myweavw` G e¨e¯’vcbvi Aš—f©y³| †hgb,
- Avmbweb¨vm
- wkLb c×wZ I †KŠkj
- cwiKwíZ KvR
- cvV Dc‡hvMx cwi‡ek m„wó
- djcÖm~ cvV Dc¯’vcb
- wk¶v_©xi g‡bv‡hvM I AvMÖn m„wó
- welqe¯‘ mswk-ó DcKiY e¨envi
- g~j¨vqb I djveZ©b
Ask-L: †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iyZ¡
Kvh©Ki cvV`vb I cvVMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| KviY †kÖwYK‡¶B wk¶v_©xi
AvPiwYK, mvgvwRK I wb‡`©kbvg~jK wk¶v cÖ`vb Kiv nq| ZvB cvV`v‡bi AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv Avek¨K|
wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ †kÖwYi KvR †kl Kiv, †kÖwY k„•Ljv eRvq ivLv, wk¶v_©xi Dcw¯’wZ wbwðZ Kiv, cvV
cwiKíbv Abyhvqx avivevwnKfv‡e wkLb ‡kLv‡bv Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| Dc‡iv³ KvR¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e
m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi ¸iyZ¡ AZ¨waK| †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbv Ges Kvh©Ki wkLb cvi¯úwiK
m¤úK©hy³ Ges G‡K A‡b¨i Ici wbf©ikxj d‡j wk¶v`vb cÖwµqv‡K Kvh©Ki I Avb›`gq Kivi †¶‡Î
wk¶v`vb cÖwµqvq ˆewPΨ Avbvqb LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y© welq| we`¨vj‡q †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi K‡qKwU w`K wb‡P
D‡j-L Kiv n‡jv-
- wk¶v_©xi AvMÖn I †KŠZ~nj e„w× cvq;
- ‡kÖwY‡Z Dcw¯’Z wk¶v_©x‡`i `yóywg cÖeYZv K‡g;
- wk¶v_©xi g‡bv‡hvM e„w× cvq;
- gva¨‡g †kÖwY‡Z wk¶v_©xi Dcw¯’wZ I AskMÖnY e„w× cvq;
- wk¶K wk¶v_©x‡`i AvwZ¥K m¤úK© e„w× cvq;
- we`¨vj‡q Ávb PP©vi AbyK‚j cwi‡ek ‰Zwi nq;
- h_v_© DcKi‡Yi mwVK e¨envi mywbwðZ nq;
- wk¶v_©xi g~j¨vqb h_v_©fv‡e m¤úbœ Kiv hvq;
- we`¨vj‡q avivevwnK g~j¨vqb Kvh©µg djcÖm~ Kiv hvq;
- S‡i cov ev AbyËxY© wk¶v_©xi msL¨v n«vm cvq;
- mvwe©K g~j¨vq‡b we`¨vj‡qi djvdj fvj nq;
- wk¶‡Ki `vwqZ¡ m‡PZbZv Ges Kg© ZrciZv m¤úªmvwiZ nq|

Ask-M: Kvh©Ki †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi ‡KŠkjmg~n

†kÖwYK¶ wk¶K-wk¶v_©xi cvV`vb I cvV MÖn‡Yi Ab¨Zg ¯’vb| GLv‡b wk¶K-wk¶v_©x GKwU Ab¨iKg Aven
m„wó K‡i| wb‡Ri me wKQz‡K DRvo K‡i w`‡q welqe¯‘ wk¶v_©xi ü`qMÖvnx K‡i †Zv‡jb wk¶K, D‡Ïk¨
GKwUB wkLbdj AR©b| wkLbdj AR©‡b Kvh©Ki †kÖwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi wKQz †KŠkj wb‡¤œ D‡j-L Kiv n‡jv-
• †kÖwYK¶ cwicvwU mymw¾Z ivLv
• wk¶v_©xi wkLb Pvwn`v I P¨v‡jÄmg~n we‡ePbvq †i‡L Avmbweb¨vm e¨e¯’vcbv
• h_vh_ cvV cwiKíbv cÖYqb I e¨envi Kiv
• h_vh_ I AskMÖnYg~jK wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kiv
• AvKl©Yxq I wk¶v_©x‡Kw›`ªK wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kiv
• welqe¯—i mv‡_ mvgÄm¨ †i‡L gvwë‡mbmwi AvKl©Yxq wk¶v DcKiY e¨envi Kiv
• `jMZ KvR cÖ`v‡b wk¶v_©xi mvg_©¨ we‡ePbvq ivLv
• wk¶v_©xi g‡bv‡hvM a‡i ivLvi †¶Î we‡ePbvq ivLv
• wkL‡bi Rb¨ g~j¨vq‡bi Ici ¸iyZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv
• wk¶v_©xi wkLb Pvwn`v I P¨v‡jÄmg~n we‡ePbvq weKí g~j¨vq‡bi cÖ‡qvM Kiv
• wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖkœ Kivi †¶‡Î Zv‡`i eqm Pvwn`v I mvg_©¨ we‡ePbv Kiv
• cÖwgZ D”Pvi‡Y ¯úó fvlvq K_v ejv
• wk¶‡Ki e¨w³‡Z¡ e¨w³MZ cwiyQbœZv, kvjxb I iywPkxj †cvkvK BZ¨vw`
• wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖ`Ë Kv‡Ri cÖksmv Kiv
• †kÖwYi mKj wk¶v_©xi cÖwZ mgvb bRi ivLv I wk¶v_©x‡`i bvg a‡i WvKv BZ¨vw`|
Awa‡ekb-02 wk‡ivbvg: wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj
wkLbdj :
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY-
K. wewfbœ wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkjmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. wkLbd‡ji Av‡jv‡K wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c×wZ I †KŠkj : Av‡jvPbv, cÖ‡kœvËi, `jMZ KvR, †c-bvwi Av‡jvPbv, wmgy‡jmb, Dc¯’vcb |

Ask-K: wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkjmg~n

• e³„Zv c×wZ (Lecture Method) • `jMZ Av‡jvPbv (Group discussion)
• cÖ`k©b c×wZ (Demonstration Method) • `jxq cÖKí/AbymÜvb (Group project)
• Av‡jvPbv c×wZ (Discussion Method) • mZx_© wkLb (Peer learning)
• cÖk-œ DËi c×wZ (Question-Answer Method) • f~wgKvwfbq (Role Play)
• Av‡ivwcZ KvR c×wZ (Assignment Method) • GKK KvR (Individual work)
• †cv÷ e· Gw±wfwU (Post box
• weZK© c×wZ (Debate Method)
activities)
• gv_v LvUv‡bv (Brain storming) • mgm¨v-mgvavb c×wZ (Problem-
• gvBÛ g¨vwcs (Mind Mapping) solving Method)

e³…Zv c×wZ (Lecture Method)

wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ wn‡m‡e e³…Zv c×wZ cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB e¨eüZ n‡q Avm‡Q| e³…Zv c×wZ Ggb GKwU
c×wZ hvi †¶‡Î wk¶K‡K ‡gŠwLK wee„wZi mvnv‡h¨ wk¶Yxq welqe¯‘ wk¶v_x©i Kv‡Q Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq|
GLv‡b wk¶‡Ki e³…Zv`v‡bi cvi`wk©Zv, e³…Zv`v‡bi Kjv‡KŠkj, welqe¯‘‡K wk¶v_x©i wbKU ü`qMÖvnx K‡i
†Zvjvi ¶gZv, wk¶v_x©i eqm, †gav, AvMÖn, cviMZv, †evaMg¨Zv BZ¨vw`i cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z welqe¯‘‡K
AvKl©Yxqfv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi `¶Zvi Ici wk¶v`v‡bi mv_©KZv A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i| evPwbK ZrciZvi
gva¨‡g welqe¯‘i we¯—…Z eY©bv Ges e¨vL¨v we‡k-lY Kiv G c×wZi cÖavb ‰ewkó¨| e³„Zv c×wZ‡Z †kLv‡bv
me‡P‡q Kg e¨qmv‡c¶, KviY wk¶‡Ki †gŠwLK wee„wZ‡K m¤^j K‡iB GB c×wZ‡Z wk¶v`vb P‡j| ZvQvov
e³„Zv c×wZ‡Z GK mv‡_ A‡bK wk¶v_x©‡K wkL‡b mnvqZv Kiv m¤¢e nq| Ab¨w`‡K e³„Zv c×wZi me‡P‡q
eo mxgve×Zv n‡jv wk¶v_x©‡`i mwμqZvi Afve| wk¶v_x©iv wbw®‹ªq e‡j Zviv Ab¨ †Kvb wel‡q g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q
c‡o| e³„Zv c×wZ Abymi‡Y DbœZ †gav I ¶xY †gavm¤úbœ wk¶v_x©iv me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯’ nq| d‡j ZvivB
†kªwY k„•Ljv webó Ki‡Z †ewk D‡`¨vMx nq|

cÖ`k©b c×wZ (Demonstration Method)

†kªwY cvV`v‡b †Kvb ev¯—e NUbv ev welq cÖZ¨¶fv‡e Dc¯’vc‡bi cÖwμqv‡K cÖ`k©b c×wZ e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv
nq| GB c×wZ‡Z cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi g~j D‡Ïk¨ nj cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ wk¶v_x©‡`i‡K ev¯—efv‡e †`Lv‡bv| cÖ`k©b
c×wZ‡Z wk¶K Dc¯’vc‡Ki f~wgKvq AeZxY© n‡q wewfbœ wk¶v‡cvKi‡Yi mvnv‡h¨ Ges ‡gŠwLK wee„wZi gva¨g
welqe¯‘ wk¶v_x©‡`i ü`q½g Kiv‡Z m‡Pó nb| cÖ`k©b c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_x©iv mvaviYZ wbw®Œq †kªvZv I `k©K
wn‡m‡e †kªwYK‡¶ Dcw¯’Z _vK‡jI wk¶‡Ki mwμqZv wk¶v_x©‡`i †P‡q †ewk| Z‡e †kªwY‡Z wk¶v_x©‡`i msL¨v
†ewk n‡j Zv‡`i wbie †kªvZv I `k©K wn‡m‡e Dcw¯’Z _vKv Qvov cv‡V mivmwi AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM Kg| †h me
we`¨vj‡q wk¶v_x©i msL¨vbycv‡Z hš¿cvwZ I DcKi‡Yi Afve i‡q‡Q †mLv‡b A‡c¶vK…Z ¯^í msL¨K hš¿cvwZ
I wk¶v DcKiY e¨envi K‡i †ewk msL¨K wk¶v_x©‡K wk¶v †`Iqv hvq| Z‡e wk¶v‡cvKi‡Yi AcÖZzjZv‡nZz
GB c×wZ myôyfv‡e ev¯—evqb Kiv AwaKvsk mgqB m¤¢eci n‡q D‡V bv|

Av‡jvPbv c×wZ (Discussion Method)

†h c×wZ AbymiY K‡i cvV¨ welqe¯‘i g~j e³e¨ wk¶v_x©iv wb‡Riv G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ Avjvc-Av‡jvPbv K‡i
AvqË Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges Zv AvqË Ki‡Z †Kvb RwUj mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡j welq wk¶‡Ki civgk© I Zvi mv‡_
Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mwVK mgvavb Lyu‡R cvq, Zv‡K Av‡jvPbv c×wZ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq| GB
c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_x©iv ¯^wkw¶Z nIqvi my‡hvM cvq| Av‡jvPbv c×wZ‡Z wk¶K I wk¶v_x© DfqB mwμq f~wgKv
cvjb K‡i _v‡K| Av‡jvPbv GK ai‡bi `jMZ c×wZ| wk¶K-wk¶v_x©i mwμqZvi d‡j wkLb-‡kLv‡bv
Kvh©μg AwaK Kvh©Ki nq| mvaviYZ wbw®Œq I Aš—g©yLx wk¶v_x©iv mwμq nevi my‡hvM cvq| GB c×wZ‡Z
wk¶v jvf Ki‡j wk¶v_x©‡`i wbR¯^ AwfgZ MV‡bi my‡hvM m„wó nq| ¯^‡Póvq Ávb AR©‡bi d‡j jäÁvb
AwfÁZvq cwiYZ nq Ges †mB AwfÁZv Zv‡`i g‡b `xN©¯’vqx nq| Z‡e GB c×wZ DbœZ †gavi ¯^í msL¨K
wk¶v_x©i Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡jI gvSvwi I wbgoe †gavm¤úboe wk¶v_x©i Rb¨ we‡kl djcÖm~ nq bv| Av‡jvPbv
c×wZ mdj Kivi Rb¨ c~‡e©B cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| †m Abymv‡i welqe¯‘ wbe©vPb I mgq wba©viY
K‡i Av‡jvPbv c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡j djcÖm~Zv jvf Kiv hvq|

cÖkœ-DËi c×wZ (Question-Answer Method)

†QvU †QvU cÖkœ K‡i Ges cÖ‡kœi DËi †c‡q hLb †Kvb welq wk¶v_x©iv Rvb‡Z I eyS‡Z †Póv K‡i †m c×wZ‡K
cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| G c×wZ‡Z †Kvb welq‡K †K›`ª K‡i KZ¸‡jv †QvU †QvU
cÖ‡kœvˇii mvnv‡h¨ cv‡Vi g~j e³e¨‡K wk¶v_x©‡`i Kv‡Q Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g wkLbdj ev AvPiwYK
D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv AR©‡bi †Póv Kiv nq| cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ‡Z GKB cÖ¤œ wewfbœ †gavi wk¶v_x©‡`i Kiv nq| †Kvb
cÖ‡kœi DËi wk¶v_x©i Rvbv bv _vK‡j wk¶K wb‡R †m cÖ‡kœi DËi †`b, c‡i wk¶v_x©‡`i w`‡q mwVK Dˇii
cybive„wË K‡i †bb| G c×wZi me‡P‡q eo myweav n‡”Q g~j e³e¨ †_‡K wePz¨wZ nIqvi my‡hvM wk¶K I
wk¶v_x© Df‡qiB Kg _v‡K| Z‡e G c×wZi mvdj¨ A‡bKvs‡k wbf©i K‡i wk¶‡Ki cÖkœ Kivi `¶Zv I
†KŠk‡ji Ici| `¶ I AwfÁ wk¶‡Ki mnvqZvq cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ cwiPvwjZ n‡j wkLb- ‡kLv‡bvi g~j j¶¨
I D‡Ïk¨ AwR©Z n‡Z cv‡i| cÖ‡koevËi c×wZi mdj ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ wk¶‡Ki wk¶vMZ I cÖwk¶YMZ
†hvM¨Zv I AwfÁZvi cÖ‡qvRb| DrK…ógv‡bi cÖkœ ˆZwi Ges welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© †h †Kvb ai‡bi cÖ‡kœvËi
†gvKv‡ejv Kivi mvg_©¨ me wk¶‡Ki _v‡K bv| m‡e©vcwi wk¶‡Ki welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© c~e© cÖ¯‘wZ h_v_© bv n‡j
cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ‡Z mvdj¨ AR©b m¤¢eci bq| G c×wZi gva¨‡g cvV w`‡j wk¶v_©x wPš—vkxj I mwμq _v‡K|
†kÖwY wbqš¿‡Y G c×wZi cÖ‡qvM Kvh©Kix dj jvf N‡U| wk¶v_©x‡`i g~j¨vqb Kiv mnR nq|

Av‡ivwcZ KvR c×wZ (Assignment Method)

Av‡ivwcZ KvR Ggb GKwU wk¶Y c×wZ, hv‡Z wk¶K wb‡R cvV¨welq Av‡jvPbv Kivi c~‡e©B wk¶K
wk¶v_x©‡`i wb‡R‡`iB cvV¨welqwU Abyaveb Kivi wb‡`©k `vb K‡ib| GB c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_x©iv ¯^vaxbfv‡e
cvV¨welq m¤ú‡K© wPš—v fvebv, gZvgZ cÖKvk Kivi my‡hvM cvq| GB c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_x©iv ¯^wkw¶Z nIqvi
my‡hvM jvf K‡i _v‡K| wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©k g‡Zv wk¶v_x©iv cvV¨welqwU c‡o I ey‡S wb‡RivI Zvi gg© MÖn‡Y
Zrci n‡j Zv‡`i Kíbv kw³, wPš—vkw³, wePvi-we‡k-lY ¶gZv, gZvgZ MV‡bi `¶Zv e„w× cvq| cieZx©
ch©v‡q wk¶v_x©‡`i wPš—v, Kíbv, gZvgZ, wm×vš— BZ¨vw`‡Z †Kvb AmvgÄm¨ †`Lv w`‡j wk¶K Avjvc-
Av‡jvPbv, ch©v‡jvPbv BZ¨vw`i wfwˇZ wk¶v_x©‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©k `vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

weZK© c×wZ (Debate Method)

weZK© g~jZ GKwU Av‡jvPbv| †Kvb welq hyw³m½Z wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ †m wel‡q †Kvb wbw`©ó cÖ¯—v‡ei c‡¶
ev wec‡¶ cÖwZc‡¶i Dcw¯’wZ‡Z hyw³ cÖgvYmn e³…Zv Kiv n‡”Q weZK©| GB Av‡jvPbvq wba©vwiZ †Kvb welq
ev Bmy¨‡Z `yÕ`j wk¶v_x© c‡¶ ev wec‡¶ hyw³ Dc¯’vcb I hyw³Lʇbi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbvq mwμq nq| Ab¨vb¨
wk¶v_x©iv G Av‡jvPbv ï‡b| wk¶K weZK© Abyôv‡b mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib| weZK© g~j¨vq‡bi Rb¨ `yB
ev Z‡ZvwaK wePviK _v‡Kb| wk¶KMY wePvi‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| G c×wZ‡Z welqe¯‘ I mgq wbw`©ó
K‡i †`Iqv nq| weZ‡K©i gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv Zvr¶wYK wPš—v K‡i ¯^vaxbfv‡e gZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z mg_© nq|
Avevi ¯^vaxbfv‡e wm×vš—I MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡`i †`‡k weZK© GKwU RbwcÖq gva¨g| Z‡e mn-
cvVμwgK Kvh©μ‡g weZK© eûj e¨eüZ n‡jI †kªwY wk¶‡Y G c×wZ †Zgb cÖPwjZ bq|

gv_v LvUv‡bv (Brain storming)

mvaviYfv‡e †eªBb ÷wg©s ej‡Z gv_v LvUv‡bv, wPš—vi So ev Av‡jvob eySvq| Z‡e mvaviYZ †Kvb ¸iyZ¡c~Y©
aviYv, mgm¨v ev Bmy¨ wb‡q wk¶v_x©‡`i wKQy mgq mvaviYZ (1-2 wgwbU) wPš—v Ki‡Z ejv nq| c‡i Zv‡`i
wPš—vi dj e‡j ev wj‡L cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM †`Iqv nq| wk¶v_©x‡K GKK ev `jxqfv‡e KvR K‡i, wPš—v K‡i
mgvav‡bi c_ LyuR‡Z nq| mgvavb mwVK ev fyj †nvK, m¤ú~Y© ev AvswkK hvB †nvK Zv wb‡q mgvav‡bic‡_
GwM‡q wb‡q hvq| wk¶v_©xi wPš—v Kivi GB cÖwμqv‡K gv_v LvUv‡bv e‡j| G †K․kj cwiPvjbvi mgq
cÖwk¶K ev wk¶K‡K `yÕ‡Uv ¸iyZ¡c~Y© bxwZ †g‡b Kvh©μg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z nq| bxwZ `yÕ‡Uvi GKwU n‡”Q,
cÖwk¶Yv_x©/wk¶v_x© mK‡ji gZvgZ bv cvIqv ch©š— wk¶K/cÖwk¶K wm×vš— †bIqv †_‡K weiZ _v‡Kb|
Ab¨wU n‡”Q, `j †_‡K hZ †ewk aviYv †ei K‡i Avbv hv‡e ZZ †ewk mwVK Ges c~Y© Kvh©μ‡gi ZvwjKv I
aviYv wPwýZ Kiv hvq| G cÖwμqvq cÖvß aviYvmg~‡ni ZvwjKv cwi‡kvab cÖwμqvq cwigvR©b Kiv hvq|
wk¶v_x©‡`i wkLb-‡kLv‡bv Kv‡R †eªBb ÷wg©s ev wPš—vi Av‡jvob bvbv w`K w`‡q ¸iyZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|

gvBÛ g¨vwcs (Mind Mapping)

†Kvb welq‡K †K›`« K‡i wPš—b cÖwμqvq RwoZ nIqv, wPš—v msi¶Y Kiv Ges m‡e©vcwi Zv `k©b‡hvM¨fv‡e
Dc¯’vcb Kivi cÖwμqv‡K gvBÛ g¨vwcs e‡j| A_v©r †Kvb welq wb‡q wk¶v_©x hLb wPš—v K‡i ZLb †m m¤ú‡K©
Zvi wewPÎ aviYv wew¶ßfv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K| GK GKwU aviYvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z Ab¨ eû aviYv G‡K G‡K
g‡b Avm‡Z _v‡K| GLv‡b D‡j-L¨ †h, wk¶v_©x Gfv‡e fve‡Z fve‡Z g~j welq Qvwo‡q eû `~i P‡j †h‡Z
cv‡i ev wew”Qbœ n‡q co‡Z cv‡i| wk¶K G e¨vcviwU wbqš¿Y Ki‡eb| welq wb‡q wew¶ßfv‡e wPš—vcÖm~Z
aviYv¸‡jv‡K ci¯úi hy³ Ki‡j GKwU gvbwP‡Îi D™¢e nq| GB cÖwμqv‡K gvBÛ g¨vwcs ev gbwPÎ ejv nq|
gbwPÎ wPš—b cÖwμqvq mswk-ó nIqvi GKwU msMwVZ Dcvq| mvaviYZ gbwP‡Îi gva¨‡g wPš—vK…Z aviYv I
Gi wewfbœ As‡ki g‡a¨ m¤úK© cÖ`k©b Kiv nq hv †evaMg¨ nIqv A‡c¶vK…Z mnR|
`jMZ Av‡jvPbv (Group discussion)
welqe¯‘ msμvš— †Kvb KvR ev mgm¨v mgvav‡b wk¶v_©xiv `jMZ AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| mgMª KvRwU‡K †QvU
†QvU As‡k fvM K‡i Kv‡Ri e›Ub Kiv hvq| Avevi GKB wel‡q mK‡ji wbR¯^ aviYv mgwš^Z K‡i djvdj
wbY©q Kiv hvq| `ywUB `jMZ KvR| j¶bxq †h, Dfq †¶‡ÎB wk¶v_©xi m¤ú~Y© AskMÖnY Acwinvh©| me
†¶‡ÎB cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_©x‡KB wb‡R wPš—v Ki‡Z n‡e, wewPÎ aviYvi cÖKvk Ki‡Z n‡e Ges GKwU wm×v‡š— w¯’i
n‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e `jxq Kv‡Ri djvd‡j eûR‡bi ¯^KxqZvi wgkª‡Y bZzb Ges Kvh©Ki cš’vi D™¢veb N‡U|
wewfbœfv‡e `j MVb Kiv hvq| mg-mvg‡_¨©i wk¶v_©x‡`i `j, wgkª mvg‡_¨©i wk¶v_©x‡`i `j, welqwfwËK `j,
AÂjwfwËK `j BZ¨vw`|

`jxq cÖKí/AbymÜvb (Group project)

cÖ‡R± c×wZ Av‡iKwU D‡j-L‡hvM¨ wk¶v_x©‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ| G c×wZ‡Z c~e© wba©vwiZ Kg©m¤úv`‡bi gva¨‡g
wk¶v_x©iv wkLbdj AR©b K‡i| Rb wWDB cÖewZ©Z mgm¨v mgvavb c×wZi avivevwnKZvq Zuvi wkl¨ DBwjqvg
†nW wKjc¨vwÆK cÖ‡R± c×wZi D™¢veb K‡ib| ¯^vfvweK cwi‡e‡k Kg©m¤úv`‡bi gva¨‡g wkLbdj AR©b Kiv
n‡”Q G c×wZi g~j j¶¨| cÖ‡R± c×wZ‡K w÷‡fbm wn‡m‡e D‡j-L K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb A_©vr ÒcÖKí
n‡jv GKwU mgm¨vg~jK Kg©, hv Gi cÖvK…wZK web¨vm ev ¯^vfvweK cwi‡e‡k m¤úbœ nq| GLv‡b wk¶v_©xi
†hvM¨Zv I AvMÖ‡ni Ici wbf©i K‡i KvR e›Ub Kiv nq| wk¶v_©x Zvi ¯^Kxq †cÖiYvq KvR K‡i, cÖ‡qvR‡b
wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kbv †bq| wbw`©ó mg‡qi g‡a¨ mK‡ji KvR †kl n‡j `j‡bZv ev wk¶‡Ki `vwq‡Z¡ GKwU
mgwš^Z iƒc `uvo Kiv‡bv nq hv †_‡K mgm¨vi mgvavb wbY©q Kiv nq| Z‡e, mgvavb m¤ú‡K© wm×vš— wk¶v_©xiv
wb‡Riv w¯’i K‡i| G c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_x©iv m„Rbkxj Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ n‡q K‡g©i gva¨‡g wkLb AwfÁZv jvf
K‡i| G‡Z wk¶v_x©‡`i wbR¯^ wPš—v I Kg©‡K․kj weKwkZ nq| Zv‡`i m„Rbkxj ¶gZvI ev‡o| G c×wZ‡Z
AwR©Z wkLb AwfÁZv wk¶v_x©‡`i ev¯—e Rxe‡bI Kv‡R jv‡M| G w`K †_‡K wk¶v n‡q D‡V RxebgyLx| G
c×wZ‡Z wk¶v_x©iv A‡b¨i we‡klZ wk¶‡Ki cÖfvegy³ n‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e wbR¯^ avivq wkLb AwfÁZv AR©‡b
m¶g nq|

mZx_© wkLb (Peer learning)

AvaywbK wk¶v_x©‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ‡Z mZx_© wkLb ev RywU‡Z wkLb ev Peer Learning GKwU RbwcÖq I Kvh©Ki
wkLb †KŠkj| Gi kvwãK A_© †Rvovq †Rvovq †kLv| hLb ¯^‡MvÎxq ev mggbv wk¶v_x©‡`i GKRb Ab¨R‡bi
RywUe× n‡q wkL‡b ci¯úi‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i Zv‡K RywU‡Z wkLb e‡j| AvaywbK wk¶v_©x‡Kw›`ª K c×wZi we‡kl
‰ewkó¨ n‡jv wk¶v_x©‡`I mwμq AskMÖnY| RywU‡Z wkLb †m †¶‡Î GKwU Kvh©Ki I mdj c×wZ wn‡m‡e
we‡ewPZ n‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e RywU ‰Zwii mgq hw` wcwQ‡q cov wk¶v_x©i mv‡_ AMÖMvgx wk¶v_x©‡K wgwj‡q †`Iqv
nq Zvn‡j GwU Av‡iv Kvh©Ki I djcÖm~ nIqvi m¤¢vebv †ewk| G †KŠkj cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j †kªwY‡Z cvi`k©x
wk¶v_©x Zvi wkLb Ae¯’v hvPvB Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges AvZ¥wek¦vmx nq| †kªwYi Ab¨vb¨ wk¶v_©xiv mncvVxi wkL‡bi
mv‡_ wb‡Ri Ae¯’v Zzjbv Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges mg`„wófw½ M‡o †Zvjvi my‡hvM jvf K‡i|

f~wgKvwfbq (Role Play)

cÖvPxbKvj †_‡KB cvV¨welq‡K bvUK AvKv‡i iƒcvš—wiZ K‡i Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g cov‡kvbvi e¨e¯’v P‡j
G‡m‡Q| †kªwYK‡¶ wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©μ‡g GK‡N‡qwg `~i Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨B G c×wZi D™¢e| AbyKiYwcÖq
wkïiv we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nevi Av‡M †_‡KB gv-evev, fvB-‡evb, cÖf„wZ AvcbR‡bi Kv‡Ri AbyKiY K‡i cÖPzi
Avb›` cvq| wkï‡`i ¯^Ztù‚Z© AvMÖn‡K wkLb †kLv‡bvi Kv‡R cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡j mydj cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i|
wkïiv ¯^fveZB bvUK ïb‡Z I †`L‡Z fvjev‡m, bvUK Ki‡Z Av‡iv †ewk fvjev‡m| myZivs wk¶Yxq welq‡K
bvUK AvKv‡i iƒcvš—wiZ K‡i wk¶v_x©‡`i w`‡q Awfbq Kiv‡j Zv‡Z AvkvcÖ` mydj cvIqvi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q|
KwíZ welq Ges AZxZ NUbv‡K ev¯—‡ei g‡Zv `„k¨gvb K‡i †Zvjv hvq Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g| f~wgKvwfbq
c×wZi Avi GKwU myweav n‡jv bvU‡Ki welqe¯‘ m¤ú‡K© fvj iKg Ávb n‡jB Awfb‡q wewfbœ PwiÎ iƒc ev
nvefve dzwU‡q †Zvjv m¤¢e| myZivs wk¶v_x©iv hLb †Kvb welq wb‡q bvUK iPbv K‡i I Awfbq K‡i A_ev H
wel‡qi Ici iwPZ bvU‡Ki wewfbœ Pwi‡Î Awfbq K‡i ZLb †mB welqe¯‘i Ici Zv‡`i m¤ú~Y© AwaKvi
Rb¥vq| mvwnZ¨, BwZnv‡mi welqe¯‘ Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g AZ¨š— mv_©Kfv‡e †kLv‡bv hvq| Z‡e f~wgKvwfb‡qi
Rb¨ †hvM¨ cvi`kx© wk¶K cÖ‡qvRb| KviY mwVKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ bv n‡j wkL‡bi D‡Ïk¨ e¨vnZ GgbwK e¨_©
n‡Z cv‡i|

GKK KvR (Individual work)

†Kvb KvR hLb wk¶v_©x GKvB m¤úbœ K‡i Ges KvRwUi djvd‡j Zvi GKK gZvgZ cÖwZdwjZ nq ZLb †mB
KvR‡K GKK KvR e‡j| wk¶v_©x hLb †Kvb Kv‡R wb‡R‡K m¤ú~Y©fv‡e wb‡ew`Z K‡i A_©vr GKvMÖwP‡Ë †Kvb
KvR m¤úbœ K‡i ZLb †m KvRwUi cÖwZwU c`‡¶‡c wbR¯^ cÖwZfv I m„RbkxjZv I AvZ¥wek¦v‡mi cÖ‡qvM NUvq|
†m A‡_© GKK KvRI GK ai‡bi mwμq AskMÖnYg~jK KvR| G ai‡bi Kv‡R wk¶v_©x wb‡RB me K‡i, d‡j
Kv‡Ri me As‡k Zvi e¨w³‡Z¡i m¤ú~Y© cÖKvk NUvi my‡hvM _v‡K|

†cv÷ e· Gw±wfwU (Post box activities)

WvK †cÖi‡Yi gZ GwU wkL‡bi GKwU RbwcÖq cÖwμqv| G †KŠk‡j wk¶v_x©iv †kÖwY‡Z mwμq _v‡K, cvV`vb
‰ewPΨgq I AvKl©Yxq nq Ges Avb›`Nb cwi‡e‡k wb‡R‡`i gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g †kLvi KvRwU m¤úv`b
Ki‡Z cv‡i| G ‡KŠkjwU cÖ‡qv‡Mi Rb¨ c~‡e©B b¤^i †`Iqv 5/6 wU ev· msMÖn K‡i ivL‡Z nq ( †hgb-wUmy¨
e·, Jl‡ai ev· ev †gvUv KvM‡Ri Øviv ‰Zwi ev·)| wk¶K mswk-ó welqwfwËK 5/6 wU cÖkœ UzK‡iv KvM‡R
wj‡L ivL‡eb| KvR ïiy Av‡M `j MVb K‡i wb‡eb| 1 b¤^i cÖ‡kœi DËi wjwLZ KvMRwU 1 b¤^i ev‡· ‡dj‡Z
n‡e| Gfv‡e b¤^i Abymv‡i Dˇii KvMR¸‡jv me ev‡· †dj‡Z n‡e| wk¶K wWwRUvj Qwe wWwRUvj K‡›U‡›Ui
gva¨‡g †cv÷ e· †`Lv‡eb| G wel‡q msw¶ß Av‡jvPbv K‡i aviYv ¯úó Ki‡eb| wk¶K 5/6 wU `j MVb
K‡i mswk-ó mgm¨v wb‡q †cv÷ e· †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kivi cÖwμqv †`wL‡q w`‡eb|

mgm¨v-mgvavb c×wZ (Problem-solving Method)

†h cÖwμqvq wk¶K I wk¶v_x© mw¤§wjZ cÖ‡Póvq wk¶vmsμvš— †Kvb mgm¨v ev Amyweav `~i K‡i Zv‡KB mgm¨v-
mgvavb c×wZ ejv nq| wk¶‡Y G c×wZ Ab¨vb¨ c×wZi gZB ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| mgm¨v-mgvavb c×wZ‡Z †Kvb
mgm¨v ev wel‡qi mgvavb ev Abykxjb wk¶v_x©‡`i w`‡qB Kiv nq| wek¦weL¨vZ wk¶v`vk©wbK Rb wWDB
cÖ‡qvMev`x `k©‡bi wfwˇZ G c×wZi cÖeZ©b K‡ib| wk¶vi j¶¨ n‡jv wk¶v_x©‡`i ev¯—e Rxe‡bi Dc‡hvMx
K‡i †Zvjv| G †¶‡Î mgm¨v-mgvavb c×wZ LyeB Kvh©Ki n‡Z cv‡i| G c×wZ wk¶v_x©‡`i wPš—vkw³i weKvk
NUvq| mv‡_ mv‡_ wk¶v_x©‡`i ch©‡e¶Y I ch©v‡jvPbvg~jK `„wófw½i weKvk NUvq| †h c×wZi gva¨‡g wk¶K
†kªwYK‡¶ welqe¯‘ mswk-ó †Kv‡bv mgm¨vi mwVK I Dchy³ mgvavb wPwýZ Kivi Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡`i wbKU
Dc¯’vcb K‡ib †mUvB mgm¨v mgvavb c×wZ| Avi †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©xiv wk¶K KZ…©K DÌvwcZ mgm¨vi ev¯—
ewfwËK mgvavb wPwýZ Kivi j‡¶¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©μg Kvh©Ki Kivi R‡b¨ GB c×wZ
cÖ‡qv‡M wk¶K KZ©„K welqe¯‘ mswk-ó †Kv‡bv mgm¨v wk¶v_©x‡`i wbKU Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z nq| wk¶v_©xiv G
mgm¨vwUi hyw³MÖvn¨ mwVK I Dchy³ mgvavb Lyu‡R †ei Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq| GB c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j
wk¶v_©x‡`i †hŠw³K wPš—b I D™¢vebxg~jK `¶Zvi Kvh©Kix weKvk mvwaZ nq| eyw×e„wËK weKvk mva‡bi Rb¨
GB c×wZ AZ¨š— Kvh©Kix| GB c×wZ Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©x†`i •eÁvwbK `„wófw½ MVb Ges Ávbg~jK
`¶Zvi weKvk mvab nq|

Ask L: c×wZ I †KŠkj wbe©vP‡b we‡eP¨ welqmg~n

1. wk¶v_x©i Pvwn`v, mvg_¨© I AvMÖn
2. wkLbdj
3. wk¶v_x©‡`i we‡kl Pvwn`v I cÖwZeÜKZv
4. †kÖwYK‡¶ wk¶v_x©i msL¨v
5. cv‡Vi mgq
6. DcKi‡Yi cÖvc¨Zv I mnRjf¨Zv
7. HwZn¨ I ms¯‹„wZ

K‡qKwU wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZi bvg

wk¶K‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ wk¶v_x©‡Kw›`ªK c×wZ

• e³…Zv c×wZ • Av‡jvPbv c×wZ
• cÖ`k©b c×wZ • cÖk-œ DËi c×wZ
• wUD‡Uvwiqvj c×wZ • Av‡ivwcZ KvR c×wZ
• Ave„wË c×wZ • †mwgbvi c×wZ
• m`©vi-c‡ov e¨e¯’v • weZK© c×wZ
Awa‡ekb-03 wk‡ivbvg: wk¶v_x©‡Kw›`ªK wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkj Abykxjb

wkLbdj :
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY-
K. wk¶v_x©‡Kw›`ªK wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkjmg~n Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ I †KŠkj : wmgy‡jkb, Av‡jvPbv|

Ask-K: wkLb †kLv‡bv c×wZ I †KŠkjmg~n

1. cÖ`k©b c×wZ (Demonstration Method)
2. Av‡jvPbv c×wZ (Discussion Method)
3. cÖk-œ DËi c×wZ (Question-Answer Method)
4. Av‡ivwcZ KvR c×wZ (Assignment Method)
5. weZK© c×wZ (Debate Method)
6. gv_v LvUv‡bv (Brain storming)
7. gvBÛ g¨vwcs (Mind Mapping)
8. `jMZ Av‡jvPbv (Group discussion)
9. `jxq cÖKí/AbymÜvb (Group project)
10. mZx_© wkLb (Peer learning)
11. f~wgKvwfbq (Role Play)
12. GKK KvR (Individual work)
13. †cv÷ e· Gw±wfwU (Post box activities)
14. mgm¨v-mgvavb c×wZ (Problem-solving Method)
15. wRM‡mv (Jigsaw)
Awa‡ekb-04 wk‡ivbvg: GKxf‚Z wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg

wkLbdj :
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_x©MY-
K. gvby‡li wfbœZv I Gi kw³ Abyaveb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g GKxf~ZKi‡Yi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
c×wZ I †KŠkj: ‡Ljv, cÖ‡kœvËi, Av‡jvPbv

GB Awa‡ek‡b †Kvb Z_¨cÎ †bB

Awa‡ekb-05 wk‡ivbvg: BDwbf©vmvj wWRvBb di jvwb©s (UDL)
wkLbdj:
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY:
K. BDwbf©vmvj wWRvBb di jvwb©s Gi avibv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
L. BDwbf©vmvj wWRvBb di jvwb©s c×wZ/‡KŠk‡ji ‡¶Î wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb
c×wZ I †KŠkj: Av‡jvPbv, `jMZ KvR, †Rvovq KvR, †Km, Dc¯’vcb, cÖ`k©b, djveZ©b, f‚wgKvwfbq

BDwbf©vmvj wWRvBb di jvwb©s (BDwWGj)

cÖ‡Z¨K wkïB wfbœ| cÖ‡Z¨K wkïB ¯^Zš¿| GB ˆewPÎc~Y© wkïi wkL†b mg-my†hvM cÖ`vb KivB nj BDwWGj|
†kªwYK‡¶ mKj wkïi wkLb AR©‡bi Rb¨ mgmy‡hvM cÖ`vb Kivi cwiKíbvB BDwbf©vmvj wWRvBb di jvwb©s
(BDwWGj)| BDwWGj Gi gyj wfwË wZbwU:

• m¤ú„³Ki‡Yi wewfbœ Dcvq (Multiple means of Engagement)

• Dc¯’vc‡bi wewfbœ Dcvq (Strategies for Multiple Means of Representation)
• KvR I Awfe¨w³ cÖKv‡ki wewfbœ Dcvq (Strategies for Multiple Means of Action and
Expression)

1| m¤ú„³Ki‡Yi wewfbœ Dcvq (Multiple means of Engagement)

†KŠkj e¨vL¨v
mKv‡ji
Av‡jvPbv wk¶v_x©iv e„ËvKvi ev BD (U) AvKv‡i em‡e| Zviv Ggbfv‡e em‡e †hb G‡K Aci‡K
†`L‡Z cvq| G‡Z Zviv Av‡Mi K¬v‡m †kLv welqe¯‘ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z Ges AvMvgx w`‡bi
(Morning
bZzb cvV¨wel‡qi cwiKíbv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
meeting)
bvg †jLv wk¶v_©x‡`i GKwU fuvR Kiv KvM‡R Zv‡`i bvg wjL‡Z ejv (fuvR Kiv KvMRwU †hb
(Name Zv‡`i †Uwej/†W‡¯‹i Dc‡i _v‡K)| wk¶K wk¶v_x©‡`i (hw` cÖ‡qvRb nq) bvg wjL‡Z
tents) mnvqZv Ki‡eb| wk¶v_©xiv Zv‡`i bvg †jLvi cvkvcvwk KvM‡R Qwe hy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i, is
Ki‡Z cv‡i A_ev KvM‡Ri †Kv‡Y wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv Z_¨I hy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
`„k¨gvb AvR‡Ki w`‡bi cwiKíbv ev Kg©m~wP wk¶v_x©‡`i w`b| †h mg¯— wk¶v_©xiv GL‡bv co‡Z
cwiKíbv
cv‡i bv Zv‡`i wel‡qi bvg †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ cÖwZwU wel‡qi mswk-ó Qwe e¨envi GKwU
(Visual
PgrKvi †KŠkj n‡Z cv‡i|
Schedules)
ev¯—e DcKiY wk¶v_©x‡`i bZzb avibvi mv‡_ cwiPq Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ ev¯—e DcKiY e¨envi Kiv| †hgb:
(Concrete cÖ_gevi †hv‡Mi aviYv †`evi mgq wk¶v_©x‡`i †evZ‡ji wQwc ev gUiïwU w`‡q MYbv
Objectives) Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiyb|
e¨w³MZ
wewfbœ welq †kLv‡bvi mgq wk¶v_©x‡`i ev¯—e Rxe‡bi cwiw¯’wZ ev AwfÁZvi mv‡_ hy³
†hvMv‡hvM
Kiv| †hgb: msL¨vi Abykxjb Kivi mgq fve‡Z ejyb Zv‡`i KZRb fvB‡evb Av‡Q|
(Personal
Zvici cwiev‡ii †gvU m`m¨ msL¨v KZ- Zv ej‡Z ev wjL‡Z ejyb|
connection)
 wk¶v_©x‡`i
wk¶v_©x‡`i my‡hvM w`b †hb Zviv wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i cQ›`gZ ev myweavgZ †kLvi c×wZ
my‡hvM cÖ`vb
evQvB Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: MvwbwZK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †¶‡Î Zviv †hb wb‡RivB wVK
(Student
Ki‡Z cv‡i †h mgm¨vwU Zviv wb‡RB mgvavb Ki‡e bvwK †Rvovq ev `‡j Ki‡e|
Choice)
m½xZ mswk-ó welqe¯‘ m¤úwK©Z Mvb †M‡q wk¶v_©x‡`i DrmvwnZ Kiv| †hgb: msL¨vi cv‡Vi
(Music) ïiy‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i DÏxß Ki‡Z msL¨v m¤úwK©Z GKwU Mvb MvIqv| wk¶v_©xivI hv‡Z
Mv‡bi Zv‡j Zv‡j A½fw½, nvZZvwj ev cv w`‡q kã K‡i AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi
my‡hvM K‡i †`qv|
cyi¯‹vi cÖ`vb hw` wk¶v_©xiv fvj AvPiY K‡i, wk¶‡Ki wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx KvR K‡i Zvn‡j wk¶v_©x‡`i
(Offer a cyi¯‹vi evQvB Kivi my‡hvM w`b| G‡¶‡Î cyi¯‹vi n‡Z cv‡i GKwU wcÖq Mvb MvIqv,
reward) cQ‡›`i GKwU KvR Kiv ev Mí ejvi my‡hvM| wk¶v_©x‡`i fv‡jv AvPi‡Yi †iKW© ivLvi
Rb¨ wk¶K c-vw÷‡Ki GKwU †evZj e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wk¶v_©xiv Kvw•LZ AvPiY
Ki‡j wk¶K †evZ‡ji g‡a¨ GKwU bywo cv_i ivL‡eb, AbvKvw•¶Z AvPiY Ki‡j wKsev
KvR eÜ ivL‡j/Kv‡R weiZ _vK‡j GKwU cv_i AcmviY Ki‡eb|

2| Dc¯’vc‡bi wewfbœ Dcvq (Strategies for Multiple Means of Representation)

†KŠkj e¨vL¨v
• Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ wk¶v_x©‡`i GKwU cÖkœ A_ev A¨vmvBb‡g›U w`b
GKK-†Rvov- • cÖ_‡g cÖ‡kœi DËi †`Iqvi Rb¨ Zviv GKKfv‡e wPš—v Ki‡e
Dc¯’vcb • Gici Zviv †Rvovq G‡K A‡b¨i aviYv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|
• cwi‡k‡l, cÖ‡Z¨K †Rvov Zv‡`i Av‡jvPbv K¬v‡mi mevi mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e
(Think-pair- A_ev †Qv‡Uv `‡j †kqvi Ki‡e|
share)
†hme wkïi co‡Z ev wjL‡Z P¨v‡jÄ i‡q‡Q, ZvivI G cÖwµqvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb:
• wk¶v_©xiv †Rvovq G‡K Ac‡ii mnvqZvq gUiïwU ev bywo cv_i e¨envi K‡i
msL¨vwelqK mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb: wk¶v_©xiv wkg, km¨`vbv ev
†evZ‡ji wQwc e¨envi K‡i 10 †_‡K 2 we‡qvM Ki‡j KZ nq Zv †ei Ki‡Z
cvi‡e|
wk¶v_©xiv GKwU wbw`©ó eY© w`‡q ïiy nq Ggb hZ¸‡jv m¤¢e kã wPwýZ Ki‡Z
cv‡i| hw` eY©wU ÕeÕ nq Zvn‡j m¤¢ve¨ DËi n‡Z cv‡i eB, ej BZ¨vw`|
wk¶v_©x‡`i wkLb cÖwµqvq m¤ú„³ Kivi Ab¨Zg †KŠkj nj `jxq KvR| Avi `jxq
Kv‡R mdjZvi PvweKvwV nj c~e© cwiKíbv| wk¶v_x©‡`i †Kv‡bv KvR †QvU `‡j (5- 7
R‡bi) Abykxjb Kivi my‡hvM K‡i w`b| cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZvi Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡`i
†QvU `‡j KvR e„ËvKv‡i em‡Z ejyb Ges hv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡`i cÖwZ g‡bv‡hvM w`b|
†QvU `‡ji KvR mdjfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡j AvMvg cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e| D`vniY¯^iƒc:
(Small group • KvRwU wPwýZ Kiyb Ges KZ¶Y mgq jvM‡e ZvI Abygvb Kiyb|
work) • Kv‡Ri Av‡MB DcKiY ˆZwi Kiyb|
• cv‡Vi gva¨‡g Kx AR©b Ki‡Z Pvb Ges `jxq KvRwU Kx -†m m¤ú‡K© cwi®‹vi
wb‡`©kbv w`b|
 • †QvU `‡j KvR ïiy Kivi Av‡M KvRwU wKfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e Zv cy‡iv K¬vm‡K
cÖ`k©b (demonstration) Kiyb
• `jxq KvR mdjfv‡e m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ Ggb wKQz wbqg wVK Kiv hv‡Z `‡ji
mK‡j K_v ejvi my‡hvM cvq I A‡b¨i gZvgZ‡K m¤§vb K‡i|
• cov‡kvbvq AMÖmi wk¶v_©x‡`i ga¨ †_‡K `j‡bZv evQvB Kiv hv‡Z Zviv Ab¨
wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e wewfbœ mg‡q wfbœ wfbœ
wk¶v_©x‡K `j‡bZv wbe©vPb Kiyb|
ïay GKwU c×wZi Ici wbf©i bv K‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i GKB welq ev Z_¨ wewfbœ wkLb
wewfbœgyLx wkLb cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g †kLvb| †hgb: GKwU bZzb eY© †kLv‡bvi mgq eY©wU D”P¯^‡i D”PviY
(Multiple Kiyb, e-¨vK‡ev‡W© wjLyb Ges Kvc‡oi UzK‡iv, †dvg, gUiïwU ev bywo cv_‡ii ˆZwi
ways) DcKiY e¨envi K‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i eY©wUi AvKvi ¯úk© Kivi my‡hvM w`b|
bZzb †h †Kvb welq †hgb M‡íi g~j welqe¯‘ ev ˆbwZK aviYv, bZzb kã, mgm¨v,
fzwgKvwfbq mgvavb BZ¨vw` wk¶v_©x‡`i Awfbq (Role play) K‡i †`Lv‡Z ejyb| MwY‡Zi wel‡qi
(Role play) Rb¨, †kÖwYK‡¶ evRvi ev †`vKvb evwb‡q †mLv‡b ‡KbvKvUvi Awfbq K‡i wk¶v_©xiv
UvKvi aviYv ‡`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|
Ggbme DcKiY e¨envi Kiyb †h¸‡jv wk¶v_x©iv ¯úk© Ki‡Z cv‡i I †m¸‡jv w`‡q KvR
¯ck© DcKiY wewbgq (interact) Ki‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc, KvW©, KvD›Uvi, KvwV ev bywo cv_i
(Manipulative) e¨envi K‡i msL¨v MYbv Abykxjb Kiv| A_ev GKwU †QvU e‡ji wewfbœ cv‡k †ek wKQz
eY© ev msL¨v w`‡q †j‡ej Kiv| wk¶v_©xiv G‡K Ac‡ii Kv‡Q ejwU Qzuo‡e Ges Zv‡`i
e„×v½yj ejwUi †hLvbUvq ¯ck© Ki‡e †mLv‡b †j‡ej Kiv eY© ev msL¨v Zviv †Rv‡i
†Rv‡i co‡e|
†Mg wk¶v_©x‡`i bZzb aviYvi mv‡_ cwiPq Kiv‡bvi Rb¨ †Mg (Game) GKwU PgrKvi
(Games) gva¨g| †hgb- wk¶v_©x‡`i MwY‡Zi aviYv †`Iqvi Rb¨ msL¨vi jvBb ev nv‡Z ˆZwi
†evW© †Mg BZ¨vw` e¨eüZ n‡Z cv‡i|
†Kvb wKQy †kLvi Rb¨ cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek, Qvcv‡bv DcKiY I Ab¨vb¨ e¯‘ e¨envi Ki‡Z
†kLvi Rb¨
wk¶v_x©‡`i DrmvwnZ Kiv| †hgb, †QvU wkï‡`i is, AvKvi, eY© BZ¨vw` †kLv‡bvi †¶‡Î
cwi‡ek
†kÖwYK‡¶ _vKv wewfbœ is, AvKvi, eY© BZ¨vw` e¨envi Kiv I †m¸‡jv Zv‡`i‡K Lyu‡R
†ei Ki‡Z ejv| †hgb - GKwU Rvbvjvi AvKvi GKwU eM© n‡Z cv‡i, †W¯‹ n‡Z cv‡i
(Using the
W eY© w`‡q ˆZwi GKwU kã, GKRb eÜy nq‡Zv jvj i‡Oi Rvgv c‡i‡Q BZ¨vw`|
environment wk¶v_©xiv wb‡Ri RvqMv †_‡KB GB welq¸‡jv wb‡`©k Ki‡Z ev †`Lv‡Z cv‡i| A_ev
to learn) GKRb GKRb K‡i welqe¯‘i Kv‡Q wM‡qI mKj‡K †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ wb‡`©k Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Abyiƒc A¨vKwUwfwU †`Iqv‡j wPÎ ev †cv÷vi cÖ`k©‡bi gva¨‡gI Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

3| KvR I Awfe¨w³ cÖKv‡ki wewfbœ Dcvq (Strategies for Multiple Means of Action
and Expression)
†KŠkj e¨vL¨v
†Kvb GKwU cÖ‡kœi DËi wk¶v_©xiv †Kvb c×wZ‡Z w`‡Z Pvq Zv Zv‡`i evQvB Ki‡Z w`b|
wk¶v_©x‡`i cQ›` DËi †`Iqvi c×wZ n‡Z cv‡i: wj‡L cÖ‡kœi DËi †`qv, DËiwU Avcbvi Kv‡b Kv‡b ejv
(Students wKsev Qwe Gu‡K †evSv‡bv| A_ev †ev‡W© PviwU cÖkœ wjwce× Kiyb I wk¶v_©x‡`i Zv‡`i
choice) cQ‡›`i †h †Kv‡bv `ywU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z ejyb| Zvi gv‡b me wk¶v_©x‡K GKBfv‡e DËi
 w`‡Z n‡e bv|
cÖkœ A_ev Av‡jvP¨ welq wb‡q K_v ejvi Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡`i Zv‡`i cv‡ki mncvwVi w`‡K
K_v ej‡Z my‡hvM Ny‡i em‡Z ejyb| GB ‡KŠkjwU wk¶v_©x‡`i AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z mnvqZv K‡i Ges
†`qv †hme wk¶v_©x eo `‡ji mvg‡b K_v ej‡Z †Zgb ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva K‡i bv Zv‡`i
(Turn and AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i †`q| AbMÖmi wk¶v_©x‡`i mv‡_ AMÖmi (GKv‡WwgKfv‡e
talk) kw³kvjx) wk¶v_©x‡`i RywU ˆZwi K‡i mncvVx mnvqZv‡K (peer support) DrmvwnZ
Kiv|

nvZ †Zvjv †Kvb GKwU cÖkœ K¬v‡mi mevB‡K Kiv n‡j, hv‡`i DËiwU Rvbv Av‡Q Zviv kã bv K‡i
(Hand raise) nvZ Zz‡j †`Lv‡e| d‡j hv‡`i cÖkœwU wb‡q wPš—v Ki‡Z AviI mgq `iKvi Zviv AviI
mgq cv‡e| GKBm‡½ wk¶KI wk¶v_©x‡`i †evSvi mvg_¨© m¤ú‡K© aviYv cv‡eb|

m¤§wZ/Am¤§wZ wk¶v_©xiv hw` †Kvb wee„wZ ev Dˇii mv‡_ m¤§Z nq Zvn‡j thumbs up Ges Am¤§Z
(Thumbs n‡j thumbs down †`Lv‡e| †hme wk¶v_©x K_v ej‡Z ¯^v”Q›`¨ †eva K‡i bv Zv‡`i
up/thumbs GB c×wZ Zv‡`i cÖ‡kœi DËi †`evi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i| G c×wZ e¨envi bv Ki‡j
down) nq‡Zv Lye Aí msL¨K wk¶v_©xB cÖ‡kœi DËi cÖ`v‡b AvMÖnx n‡Zv| GwU GKBm‡½ GKwU
AbvbyôvwbK g~j¨vqb †KŠkjI e‡U|

mwVK b¤^iwU GKRb wk¶v_©x‡K GKwU b¤^i kbv³ Kivi Rb¨ wZbwU b¤^i KvW© †`Lvb I mwVK b¤^iwU
wb‡`©k Kiv wb‡`©k Ki‡Z ejyb| GKB †KŠkj eY© ev kãvsk Ges cÖvK-mv¶i wk¶v_©x‡`i is I
(Selection of AvKvi BZ¨vw` kbv³ Kivi †¶‡Î e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
three)
weiwZ‡Z hvevi Av‡M ev K¬vm †kl nevi ci wk¶v_©x‡`i GKwU †QvU KvM‡R wKQz wj‡L
evB‡i hvevi
Avcbv‡K w`‡Z ejyb| GwU n‡Z cv‡i Lye mvavib GKwU †jLv, †hgb- kÖ”wZwjwc †_‡K
QvocÎ
cvIqv GKwU kã, GKwU MwYZ mgm¨vi mgvavb wKsev Qwe ev AvK…wZi g‡Zv mnR wKQz|
Ticket out the
GwU n‡e Zv‡`i evB‡i hvevi QvocÎ|
door
A‡c¶v wk¶v_©x‡`i GKwU cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z ejvi Av‡M B”QvK…Zfv‡e AwZwi³ K‡qK †m‡K‡Ûi
Wait time weiwZ †bqv| GB weiwZ wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖkœwU eyS‡Z mnvqZv K‡i Ges hviv `ª”Z DËi †`q
Zv‡`i cwie‡Z© AviI †ewk msL¨K wk¶v_©x‡K AskMÖnY Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ K‡i|
wk¶v_©xiv AvR hv wk‡L‡Q Zvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z GKwU Qwe AvuK‡e Ges K¬v‡m mK‡ji
AvuKv mvg‡b QwewU m¤ú‡K© ej‡e| †hgb- wk¶v_©xiv hw` cwiev‡ii m`m¨ m¤ú‡K© wk‡L _v‡K,
Draw Zvn‡j Zviv wb‡Ri cwiev‡ii †h KviI Qwe AvuK‡Z cv‡i Ges Zvi m¤ú‡K© Zv ej‡Z
cv‡i|
Av‡eM, cïcvwL A_ev Ab¨ †h †Kvb AbyKiYxq aviYv †kLv‡bvi Rb¨ wk¶v_©x‡`i Awfbq
AbyKiY Ki‡Z ejv| †hgb: wk¶K eY©gvjv †_‡K GKwU wbw`©ó eY© A_ev cÖvYxi bvg wk¶v_©xi
Act it out Kv‡b Kv‡b ej‡eb| wk¶v_©x ZLb cÖvYxwUi †Kvb wKQz Awfbq K‡i mKj‡K †`Lv‡e A_ev
wb‡Ri kixi‡K eY©wUi g‡Zv AvKvi †`qvi †Póv Ki‡e| K¬v‡mi evwK wk¶v_x©iv Awfbq
†`‡L Kx Abygvb K‡i‡Q Ges †Kb Ggb wPš—v K‡i‡Qb e¨vL¨v Ki‡e|
 IqvK©kxU
m¤ú„³Ki‡Yi Dc¯’vc‡bi wewfbœ Dcvq KvR I Awfe¨w³ cÖKv‡ki
wewfbœ Dcvq (Multiple means of wewfbœ Dcvq (Multiple
(Multiple representation): Z_¨ means of Action and
means of wewfbœ Dcv‡q Dc¯’vcb Kiv Expressions): wewfbœ
Engagement): DwPZ (†hgb: wjwLZ, c×wZ‡Z (†hgb: wjwLZ,
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB wewfbœ `„k¨gvb ev †gŠwLK)| GwU †gŠwLK, Awfbq) †kLvi
c×wZ‡Z wkL‡Z wk¶v_©x‡`i wewfbœfv‡e Z_¨ d‡j wk¶v_©xiv Zv‡`i
AvMÖnx cvIqvi my‡hvM ˆZwi K‡i wkLb wewfbœfv‡e cÖKvk
‡`q| Ki‡Z cv‡i|
1. wk¶K cÖwZ e„n¯úwZevi wk¶v_©x‡`i Zv‡`i
evwo †_‡K Ggb GKwU wRwbm Avb‡Z e‡jb
hvi cÖ_g A¶iwU Zviv BwZg‡a¨ GB mßv‡n
wk‡L‡Q|
2. AvR‡K mviv w`‡b K¬v‡m Kx Kiv n‡e Zv
wk¶v_©x‡`i †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ wk¶K GKwU
`„k¨gvb mgqm~Px ˆZwi K‡ib| cÖwZwU
†mkb/K¬vm/ Kv‡Ri c~‡e© wbav©wiZ mgqm~Px‡K
wb‡`©k K‡i wk¶K e‡jb †h cÖ_‡g Avgiv
coe (reading) I c‡i MwYZ wkLe|
3. Dw™¢‡`i RxebPµ †kLv‡bvi mgq wk¶_©x‡`i
¯’vbxq dj, exR I cvZv ¯úk© Kivi Rb¨
wk¶K Ab¨ wk¶v_©x‡`i Kv‡Q DcKiY¸‡jv
cª`vb K‡ib|
4. cvV ïiy Kivi c~‡e© wk¶K PK †ev‡W© †j‡Lb
Ges cv‡Vi mv‡_ mswk-ó Av‡jvP¨ cÖkœ¸‡jv
e¨vL¨v K‡ib hv‡Z wk¶v_©xiv wPš—v Ki‡Z
m¶g nq I cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx DËi cÖ`vb
Ki‡Z cv‡i|
5. †hme wk¶v_©xi DËi wjL‡Z P¨v‡jÄ nq Zv‡`i
cix¶vi ci wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡Z I
Zv‡`i mgm¨v¸‡jv wb‡q K_v ejvi my‡hvM †`qv
nq|
6. bZzb wKQz †kLvi ci wk¶v_©x‡`i Zv Awfbq
K‡i †`Lv‡bvi KvR †`qv nq| aiv hvK,
wk¶v_©xiv UvKv MYbv Kiv wkL‡Q| G‡¶‡Î
†kÖwYK‡¶ evRvi ev †`vKvb evwb‡q †mLv‡b
†KbvKvUvi Awfbq K‡i wk¶v_©xiv UvKv MYbv
Abykxjb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
7. wk¶v_©xiv wewfbœ Dcv‡q Zv‡`i wkLb cÖKvk
Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- `„wó cÖwZewÜ wk¶v_©x‡`i
†gŠwLK I †eªBj c×wZ‡Z cix¶v †`qvi
AbygwZ cÖ`vb Kiv|
Awa‡ekb-06 wk‡ivbvg: AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb
wkLbdj :
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY:
K. AwfÁZvwfwËK wkL‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
L. AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb Kvh©µg cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ I †KŠkj : cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv, GKvK KvR, `jMZ KvR I Ab¨vb¨|

Ask-K: AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb

gvbyl AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g †k‡L| Avgiv µgvMZ Avgv‡`i me Bw›`ªq‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q cvwicvwk¦©K cwi‡e‡ki
m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM Kwi Avi Gfv‡eB AwfÁZvi gva¨‡g Avgiv Avgv‡`i RM‡Zi m‡½ cwiwPZ nB|
AwfÁZvwfwËK wkL‡bi g~j w`K n‡jv wk¶v_©xi ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi ev¯—e AwfÁZvi m‡½ wkL‡bi welq¸‡jvi
mgš^q NUv‡bv nq hv‡Z wkLb mnR, Avb›`gq I A_©en nq Ges Zviv ev¯—e Rxe‡bi m‡½ wk¶vi ms‡hvM
NUv‡Z cv‡i| AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb Kvh©µg‡K Ggbfv‡e cwiKíbv Kiv nq hv‡Z wk¶v_©xiv mwµq AskMÖnY,
myôzfv‡e cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vcb Ges m~¶&YwPš—‡bi cÖwZdj‡bi gva¨‡g AwfÁZv AR©b Ki‡Z
cv‡i| Gi ga¨ w`‡q wk¶v_©xiv cÖ‡qvRbxq Ávb, `¶Zv, g~j¨‡eva I `„wófw½ AR©b Ki‡Z cv‡i|

‡gvU PviwU av‡c AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb Kvh©µg Abykxjb Kiv nq:

1. ev¯—e AwfÁZv (Concrete Experience): wk¶v_©x cv‡Vi wel‡qi m¤úwK©Z Zvi wbR¯^ aviYv,
gZvgZ I AwfÁZv cÖKvk Ki‡e|
2. cÖwZdjbg~jK ch©‡e¶Y (Reflective Observation): ch©‡e¶Y, Av‡jvPbv I Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡g
A‡b¨i m‡½ wb‡Ri aviYv, gZvgZ I AwfÁZv hvPvB Ki‡e|
3. weg~Z© aviYvqb (Abstract Conceptualization): cv‡Vi welq m¤ú‡K© wk¶v_©x wbR¯^ aviYvq
DcbxZ n‡e|
4. mwµq cix¶Y (Active Experimentation): AwR©Z aviYv †Kv‡bv bZzb ev cwiewZ©Z cwiw¯’wZ‡Z
nv‡Z-Kj‡g Abykxjb Ki‡e|

Qwe: AwfÁZvwfwËK wkL‡bi avc

wk¶v_©x‡`i Rb¨ wba©vwiZ ‡hvM¨Zv¸‡jvi AR©‡bi Rb¨ wk¶K ‡hme wkLb AwfÁZv cwiKíbv Ki‡eb Zv‡Z G
PviwU av‡ci Rb¨ avivevwnK Kvh©µg cwiKíbv Kiv n‡e|

AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb wfwWI wjsK: https://youtu.be/yZ0FY5ikunM

Ask-L: AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb Kvh©µg cwiKíbv

(Kv‡Ri ZvwjKv)
‡kÖwY: welq:

1. ev¯—e AwfÁZv 2. cÖwZdjbg~jK ch©‡e¶Y

3. weg~Z© aviYvqb 4. mwµq cix¶Y

** wkLb AwfÁZvi cÖwZwU av‡c Ab¨ av‡ci ˆewkó¨m¤úbœ KvR _vK‡Z cv‡i|
Awa‡ekb-07 wk‡ivbvg: AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb (wmgy‡jkb I ch©v‡jvPbv)
wkLbdj :
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY:
K. AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb c×wZ/†KŠkj e¨envi K‡i wmgy‡jkb cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
L. AwfÁZvwfwËK wkLb c×wZ/†KŠkj e¨envi K‡i cvV Dc¯’vcbvq `¶Zv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ I †KŠkj: f‚wgKvwfbq, `jMZ KvR, Av‡jvPbv Ges djveZ©b|

GB Awa‡ek‡b †Kvb Z_¨cÎ †bB

Awa‡ekb-08 wk‡ivbvg: mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj

wkLbdj :
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY:
K. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
L. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkjmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
M. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkjmg~n cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ I †KŠkj : cÖ`k©b, Av‡jvPbv, GKvK KvR, `jMZ KvR I Ab¨vb¨|
Ask-K: mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj
†kªwYK‡¶ gvbm¤§Z wk¶v wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ wk¶v_©xi Pvwn`vwfwËK I wk¶bevÜe cwi‡ek ˆZwi Ki‡Z n‡e|
mK‡ji AskMÖnYg~jK wkLb cÖwµqv †_‡K wkïiv †hgb A‡bK †ewk AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡q I‡V Ges GKB mv‡_
wk¶KivI wewfbœ ai‡bi wk¶v_©x‡K †kLv‡bvi gva¨‡g wewfbœ †cÖ¶vc‡U wewfbœ wkLb c×wZi Kvh©KwiZv hvPvB
Kiv my‡hvM cvb| †kªwYK‡¶i wewfbœ evavmg~n †gvKv‡ejvq wk¶Kiv hLb bZyb c_ †Luv‡Rb ZLb Zviv wk¶v_©x
I cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K© AviI BwZevPK nb Ges wkLb †kLv‡bv cÖwµqv nq Avb›``vqK| ZvB wkLb‡K djcÖm~
Ki‡Z †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶K-wk¶v_©x Df‡ii †¶‡ÎB †kªwYK¶ e¨e¯’vcbvi (k„•Ljv) f~wgKv AZ¨š— ¸iyZ¡c~Y©|

K) mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb

mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb n‡”Q Ggb GKwU wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj †hLv‡b AwaK msL¨K wk¶v_©x wk¶‡Ki Rb¨
†evSv bv n‡q eis m¤ú` n‡q hvq| wk¶K wewfbœ wk¶v_©xi Ávb I AwfÁZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q †kªwYK‡¶
mK‡ji wkLb wbwðZ Kivi R‡b¨ mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| gvÎv ey‡S Ávb I AwfÁZv †hvM K‡i wkLb‡K
m‡e©v”P ch©v‡q wb‡q †h‡Z mnvqZv K‡ib| GB cÖwµqvq †h‡nZy wkïi mwµq AskMÖnY _v‡K Ges Zv‡`i wbR¯^
AwfÁZv‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡qB Zviv ci¯úi †_‡K wk‡L ZvB †kÖwYK‡¶ wkïiv ¯^Ztù~Z© I ¯^v”Q‡›` _v‡K Ges
Zv‡`i AskMÖn‡Yi gvÎvI †e‡o hvq|

L) mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi myweav

• †kªwYK‡¶ wk¶‡Ki K_v ejvi cwigvb Kwg‡q Kv‡Ri Pvc Kwg‡q †`q
• eo †kªwYK‡¶ GKmv‡_ mKj wk¶v_©x‡K AskMÖnY Kiv‡bv hvq
• ‡hme wkïi Pvwn`vwfwËK GKK mnvqZv `iKvi nq wk¶K Zv`i‡KB mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i
• wk¶v_©x‡`i wbR¯^ AwfÁZvi e¨envi Zvi wkLb evwo‡q †`q Ges Zv wkïi Kv‡Q Avb›`vqK K‡i

M) mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †KŠkj hv m‡e©v”P wkL‡b mnvqZv K‡i

BwZevPK cvi¯úwiK wbf©kxjZv (Positive interdependence): mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †KŠkj Ggb

welq _vK‡Z n‡e †hb Zv mncvVx‡`i GKRb Av‡iKRb‡K cv‡V I †kªwYKv‡R ¯^Ztù~Z©fv‡e mvnvh¨ K‡i,
mnvqZv I Drmvn †`q Ges GKRb Av‡iKR‡bi †kLv †_‡K wkL‡Z cv‡i| wk¶v_©xiv †hb wek¦m Ki‡Z cv‡i
†h Zviv GKRb‡K Qvov mdj n‡Z cv‡i bv|
gy‡LvgywL †hvMv‡hvM (Face to face interaction): Ggb cÖwµqv wb‡Z n‡e †hb Zv wk¶v_©xiv KvR Kivi
mgq GKRb Av‡iKR‡bi gy‡LvgywL e‡m, `‡ji mevB mevB‡K †`L‡Z cvq, mK‡j mK‡ji mv‡_ K_v e‡j
†kªwYKv‡R mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i|

GKK `vwqZ¡ I Revew`wnZv (Individual accountability): Ggb †KŠkj wb‡Z n‡e †hb `‡j KvR Kivi
mgq cÖwZUv wk¶v_©xi wKQy `vwqZ¡ cvq KvR Kivi mgq †m †h KvR Ki‡Q Zv wbwðZ Kiv hvq| wk¶v_©xi KvR
Abyhvqx †hb Zvi cvidi‡g݇K g~j¨vqb Kiv nq Ges Gi djvdj `jMZ I GKK Dfqfv‡eB †hb wk¶v_©x
cvq |

cvi¯úwiK I †QvU `‡j KvR Kivi `¶Zv (Interpersonal and small group skills): `jxq KvR
Ggbfv‡e w`‡Z n‡e †hb †QvU `‡j KvR Kivi R‡b¨ †h `¶Zv jv‡M †hgb: cvi¯úwiK †hvMv‡hvM, †bZ„Z¡,
wm×vš— MÖnY `¶Zv, wek¦m Ges Ø›` wbimb `¶Zv AR©b I PP©v Ki‡Z cv‡i| GUv wek¦m Kiv‡Z n‡e †h hvi
hvi KvR †m bv Ki‡j, Ab¨‡K mnvqZv bv Ki‡j `j mgwóMZfv‡e mdj nq bv |

`jxq Kv‡Ri mvigg©KiY (Group processing): `jxq Kv‡Ri mvigg© KiY Ggbfv‡e Ki‡Z n‡e †hb
wk¶v_©xiv `‡j KvR †kl K‡i wb‡RivB wb‡R‡`i g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡i †h Zviv mevB wK mgvbfv‡e `‡j
AskMÖnY Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q wK-bv| ciewZ©‡Z `‡ji Kv‡R‡K mvivsk K‡i Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

N) mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi wewfbœ †KŠkj

‡kªwYKv‡R mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb wewfbœfv‡e Kiv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i | wk¶K †h‡Kvb GKwU †KŠkj e¨envi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib Avevi K‡qKUv †KŠk‡ji mswgkªb Ki‡Z cv‡ib| wk¶K cvV cwiKíbv ˆZwii mgq, Zvi †kªwYi Ae¯’v,
wk¶v_©x‡`i Pvwn`v we‡ePbv K‡i †KŠkj wVK Ki‡eb| wb‡¤œ KZ¸‡jv †KŠkj Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv-
†KŠkj cÖwµqv

wPš—v Kiv- †Rvovq Av‡jvPbv-Dc¯’vcb 1. wk¶K cÖ_‡g wk¶v_©x‡`i †Kvb welq m¤ú‡K© wPš—v Kivi mgq
w`‡eb|
(Think-pair-share) 2. Gici mncvVxi mv‡_ †Rvov K‡i H welqwU Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
ej‡eb| wk¶K, Av‡jvPbv Kivi mgq Ny‡i Ny‡i †`L‡eb †h
wk¶v_©xiv wVKgZ welqwU eyS‡Z cvi‡Q wK-bv|
3. cieZx©‡Z wKQz wk¶v_©x‡K †W‡K, cy‡iv K¬v‡mi mvg‡b welqwU
m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z ej‡eb| cvV Dc¯’vcb †k‡l †Kvb fzj aviYv
_vK‡j Zv wk¶K wVK K‡i w`‡eb|

DcKiY: †Kvb wbw`©ó DcKiY jv‡M bv|

myweav: Gi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xi wPš—vi ¯—i‡K AviI evov‡bv hvq|
GB cÖwµqvi Ab¨Zg myweav n‡jv, wk¶v_©xi m„Rbkxj wPš—v‡K
DØy× Kiv, Zvi wPš—vi cÖwZdjb I Ávb m¤ú‡K© mn‡R Rvbv|
wRM‡mv (Jigsaw) 1. cy‡iv K¬vm‡K 5-7 Rb K‡i wk¶v_x© wb‡q `j K‡i fvM K‡i
wb‡eb|
2. cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_x©‡K cv‡Vi GKwU Ask ev mgm¨vi GKwU Ask
w`‡eb| Zviv H As‡k AwfÁ n‡e|
3. Zvici GB wk¶v_x©‡`i†K H cvV wb‡q Av‡jvPbv K‡i AwfÁ
nIqvi R‡b¨ Av‡iKwU GK `‡j Avb‡eb|
4. H cvV m¤ú‡K© AviI Av‡jvPbv Kivi ci Zviv Avevi g~j `‡j
†diZ wM‡q H cvVwU Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|

GKwU `‡ji g‡a¨I wRM‡mv Kiv hvq Avevi Òg~j `j-AwfÁ `j-
g~j `jÓ Gfv‡e fvM K‡iI wRM‡mv Kiv hvq|

DcKiY: †Kvb wbw`©ó DcKiY jv‡M bv|

myweav: ‡Kvb GKwU cvV cov‡bvi c‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i mK‡ji Kv‡Q
Zv †evaMg¨ n‡jv wK-bv Zvi R‡b¨ ev Aí mg‡q †ewk cvV
wk¶v_©x‡`i cov‡bvi R‡b¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq| ‰ewPÎc~Y© K¬v‡m
mK‡ji mvg‡b Dc¯’vc‡bi †P‡q mncvVxi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j
A‡bK wk¶v_©x mn‡R wkL‡Z cv‡i|

Pvi Kbv©i (Four corners) 1. K¬v‡m GKwU Z_¨, evK¨, gZvgZ ev cÖkœ wjLyb ev ejyb|
2. gZvgZ cÖ`v‡bi R‡b¨ Pvi ai‡bi gZvgZ wj‡L, gy‡Wi Qwe
G‡uK K¬v‡mi Pvi †Kvbvq †`Iqv‡j jvwM‡q w`b I K_v e‡j
Kbv©i¸‡jv wPwb‡q w`b|
3. cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_x©‡K wPš—v K‡i Zvi B”QvgZ Kbv©‡i †h‡Z ejyb|
Zvi gZvgZ H Kbv©‡ii Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ †kqvi Ki‡Z Ges
Ab¨‡`i hyw³ I Rvb‡Z ej‡eb|
4. Zvici cÖwZUv Kbv©i †_‡K Aš—Z 1 Rb wk¶v_x©‡K Zv‡`i
Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z ej‡eb|
5. wk¶K G‡¶‡Î †h welqwU †Lqvj ivL‡eb Zv n‡jv †Kvb fzj
e¨vL¨v †hb bv nq|

DcKiY: Pvi ai‡bi gZvgZ m¤^wjZ †cv÷vi ev KvW©

myweav: cv‡V wk¶v_©x‡`i m„Rbkxj wPš—v‡K DØy× Kivi R‡b¨

e¨envi Kiv hvq| mK‡ji mvg‡b Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv
AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡q I‡V I mK‡ji gZvg‡Zi ¸iyZ¡ cvq|
‡fZi-evwni `‡j (inside-outside 1. ‡kÖwYK‡¶i AvKvi Abymv‡i, wk¶v_x©‡`i `yBwU K‡i `j K‡i
circle) fvM Ki‡eb| GwU †kÖwbK‡¶i evB‡iI Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i|
2. GKwU `j‡K cv‡Vi GKvsk w`‡eb Ges Av‡iKwU `j‡K Avi
GKvsk w`‡eb| `jMy‡jv‡K Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbvi
mgq w`b|
3. `j¸‡jvi wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ †kqvi Kivi c‡i Ab¨ `‡ji mv‡_
†kqvi Kivi Rb¨ Av‡iKwU avc Ki‡Z n‡e| ZvB hw`
†kÖwYK‡¶ ch©vß RvqMv _v‡K Z‡e `yBwU `j‡K ‡fZ‡ii `‡j
I evB‡ii `‡j `vuo Kwi‡q w`‡Z n‡e| [cv‡ki wP‡Îi g‡Zv
K‡i Ki‡eb]
4. `j¸‡jv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ †kqvi Kivi c‡i wfZ‡ii `‡ji
m`m¨iv D‡ëv n‡q evwn‡ii `‡ji m`m¨‡`i mv‡_ †kqvi
Ki‡e|
5. gv‡S gv‡S `jMy‡jvi †fZ‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i RvqMv e`j K‡i
w`‡eb| hv‡Z cÖvq mKj wk¶v_x©B mK‡ji mv‡_ †kqvi Kivi
my‡hvM cvq|

G‡¶‡Î mgq I ¯’v‡bi K_v gv_vq †i‡L wk¶K Zvi myweavg‡Zv

avc¸‡jv cwigvR©b K‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib|

DcKiY: †Kvb wbw`©ó DcKiY jv‡M bv|

myweav: ‡Kvb GKwU cvV cov‡bvi c‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i mK‡ji Kv‡Q

Zv †evaMg¨ n‡jv wK-bv Zvi R‡b¨, †Kvb cÖ‡kœi DËi cov‡bvi
R‡b¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq| Aí mg‡q †ewk cvV wk¶v_©x‡`i cov‡bv
hvq| Avevi mK‡ji mvg‡b Dc¯’vc‡bi †P‡q mncvVxi mv‡_
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡j A‡b‡K mn‡R wkL‡Z cv‡i|
‡c-m g¨vU (Place Mat) 1. K¬v‡m GKwU cÖkœ ev welq wjLyb ev ejyb| ‡mB wel‡qi Dci
wfwË K‡i KvM‡R g~j K_v †jLvi R‡b¨ QK K‡i w`b| g~j
Q‡Ki Pviw`‡K cvV/welq¯‘ Abymv‡i fvM K‡i †jLvi RvqMv
K‡i w`‡eb| [bg~bv: cv‡ki wP‡Îi QK]
2. wk¶v_x©‡`i `‡j fvM K‡i H cvVwU m¤ú‡K© g~j e³e¨
Av‡jvPbv K‡i wjwce× Ki‡Z ejyb| G‡¶‡Î D‡j-L¨ n‡”Q,
`j fvM Kivi Rb¨ wk¶K cv‡Vi KqwU Ask Av‡jvPbv K‡i
g~j fve Avbv n‡e, ‡m msL¨vwU we‡ePbv K‡i Z‡Zv R‡bi `‡j
fvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †hgb- mylg Lv‡`¨i Dcv`vb 5wU ZvB
wk¶K GLv‡b 5 R‡bi `‡j fvM K‡i `‡j mylg Lv‡`¨i
ZvwjKv ˆZwi Kivi KvRwU w`‡q‡Qb|
3. `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨K wk¶v_x©‡K wPš—v K‡i Zvi e³e¨/g~j kã wbw`©ó
N‡i wjL‡Z n‡e|
4. wb‡R‡`i KvR †kl Kivi c‡র mK‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i
mvims‡¶c K‡i R‡b¨ gv‡Si N‡i wjL‡e|
5. Zvici cÖwZUv `j †_‡K wk¶v_x©‡`i Zv‡`i Kiv mvims‡¶c
Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ej‡eb| wKsev wk¶K Zvi myweavg‡Zv
cÖwKªqv‡Z g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb|

myweav: cv‡V wk¶v_©x‡`i m„Rbkxj wPš—v‡K DØy× Kivi R‡b¨,

cvV mvivsk Kivi R‡b¨ e¨envi Kiv hvq| mK‡ji mvg‡b
Dc¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv AvZ¥wek¦vmx n‡q I‡V I mK‡ji
gZvg‡Zi ¸iyZ¡ cvq|
msL¨v-`j (Numbered Heads Together) : msL¨v-`j Ggb GKwU mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb c×wZ hvi
gva¨‡g cÖwZwU wk¶v_x©‡K GKmv‡_ GKB welq †kLv‡bv hvq| ‡h‡nZz GB ‡KŠk‡j mKj wk¶v_x©‡K GKUv
welqe¯‘ †`Iqv hvq ZvB GUv w`‡q wk¶v_x©‡`i `jxq Av‡jvPbv Kiv‡bv hvq Avevi GKK I `jxq `yB ai‡bi
`vwqZ¡ †`Iqv hvq| ‡Kvb cvV cybiv‡jvPbv Kivi R‡b¨ Ges cv‡Vi welqe¯—yi mgš^q Kivi R‡b¨ GB
†KŠkjwU myweavRbK| GB †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g cÖwZeÜx wkï‡`iI mn‡R †kÖwYcv‡V AskMÖnY Kiv‡bv hvq|
wk¶v_©xiv `‡j fvM nIqvi c‡i cv‡Vi welqe¯‘ wb‡q Abykxjb, Av‡jvPbv I cybiv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl
K‡i ‡Kvb cix¶v ïiyi Av‡M cybiv‡jvPbv¸‡jv Gfv‡e Kiv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i|

avc:

1. wk¶v_©x‡`i 5 Rb K‡i `‡j fvM Ki‡Z n‡e Ges cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 5 Gi g‡a¨ GKwU K‡i msL¨v w`b| A_©vr
hw` 5 Rb wk¶v_x© wb‡q `j MVb Kiv nq Z‡e `‡j m`m¨‡`i‡K 1-5 msL¨vq bvg w`b|
2. wb©w`ó cv‡Vi Dci wk¶K cÖ_‡g GKwU cÖkœ Ki‡eb ev mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z w`‡eb|
3. Gici wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K H cÖkœ/mgm¨v wb‡q fve‡Z ej‡eb I DËiwU `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i †ei Ki‡Z
ej‡eb| wk¶K AviI ej‡eb †h, DËiwU †hb `‡ji cÖwZ m`m¨ ‡k‡L I †R‡b †bq hv‡Z ‡h KvD‡K
cÖkœ Ki‡jB DËiUv w`‡Z cv‡i|
4. wk¶K H cvV we‡ePbv K‡i wk¶v_x©‡`i‡K wb‡R‡`i `‡j Av‡jvPbv Kivi R‡b¨ mgq wba©viY K‡i
w`‡eb-‡hgb 10 wgwbU A_ev 15 wgwbU|
5. wba©vwiZ mgq †kl Kivi c‡i wk¶K Zvi B”QvgZ
(randomly) ‡Kvb GKwU msL¨v ej‡eb Ges cÖwZwU
`‡ji H msL¨vavix wk¶v_©x nvZ Zzj‡eb| wk¶K
†mLvb †_‡K †h KvD‡K DËiwU w`‡Z ej‡eb|
6. †mB wk¶v_©x DËi †`Iqvi c‡i, wk¶K H msL¨vavix
Ab¨vb wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K Dˇii mv‡_ wKQz †hvM Kivi
_vK‡j Zv Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
7. cieZ©x‡Z wk¶K Avevi GKwU cÖkœ K‡i GKB cÖwµqvq
cv‡Vi cybiv‡jvPbv I g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

†Kvb †Kvb wel‡q e¨envi Kiv hv‡e?

- fvlv/mvgvwRK weÁvb Abykxjbx: iPbvg~jK cÖkœ †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i †hLv‡b wk¶v_©xiv `‡j KvR K‡i
DËi wVK Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-‡Kvb Mí ev KweZvq PwiÎ we‡k-lY Kivi †¶‡Î, mvigg©, g~jfve †ei
Kivi †¶‡Î GB †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GUv ‡gŠwLK Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Avevi `‡j †jLvi
KvR w`‡qI †mB †jLv g~j¨vqb Kiv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| ‡hgb-‡Kvb cÖ‡kœi DËi‡K 10 Gi g‡a¨ b¤^i
w`‡Z ej‡j †Kvb `j KZ w`j Ges ‡Kb H b¤^i w`j Zvi †hŠw³KZv GB †KŠk‡j †`Iqv ‡h‡Z cv‡i|
- ‡Kvb Aa¨vq †kl K‡i A_ev Aa¨v‡qi †Kvb ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Ask †kl Kivi c‡i GB †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i
wk¶v_©xiv Zv eySj wK-bv Zv †ei Kiv hvq|
- MwYZ: mgm¨v mgvavb Abykxjb¸‡jv‡Z GB †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| we‡kl K‡i GKwU
As‡Ki mgvavb KZfv‡e Kiv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv Gi gva¨‡g †ei Kiv hv‡e Ges mevB‡K †mwU Aí
mg‡q Abykxjb K‡i †`Lv‡bv hv‡e|
‡Mvj †Uwej (Round Table): GwU mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkL‡bi Lye mnR GKwU ‡KŠkj hvi gva¨‡g Aí mg‡q
A‡bK ‡ewk welq Av‡jvPbvq Avbv hvq, `jxq Kv‡Ri cwigvY ev‡o Ges wk¶v_©x‡`i K¬v‡m †jLv‡bv hvq|

avc:

1. wk¶K ‡kÖwYK‡¶i e¨e¯’vcbvi myweavbyhvqx wk¶v_x©‡`i‡K 5 R‡bi `‡j fvM Ki‡eb|

2. wk¶K Ggb GKwU cÖkœ w`‡eb hvi GKvwaK DËi n‡Z cv‡i ev wfbœ wfbœ ‡¶Î _vK‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-
Lv‡`¨i Dcv`vb KZ cÖKvi I wK wK? / Av`k© Lv‡`¨ wK wK Dcv`vb _v‡K?
3. Gici Av‡jvPbv Kivi R‡b¨ cv‡Vi myweavgZ mgq wba©viY K‡i w`‡eb Ges cÖwZ `‡j †jLvi R‡b¨
GKwU Avjv`v KvMR w`‡eb Ges wk¶v_©x‡`i‡K ej‡eb GK GK K‡i DËi wj‡L `‡ji Ab¨
mncvVx‡K pass Ki‡Z|
4. Zvici `j †_‡K mvigg© Ki‡Z ej‡eb I mK‡ji mvg‡b Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ej‡eb|
D`vniY: †hgb-wk¶K Lv`¨Pµ cov‡bvi ci, cy‡iv PµUv m¤ú‡K© wjL‡Z ev ‰Zwi Kivi Abykxjb Kiv‡bvi
mgq GB †KŠkj e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i| wk¶K †ev‡W© cÖkœwU wj‡L I c‡o ïbv‡eb| Gici `‡j fvM K‡i cÖwZ
`‡j GKwU mv`v KvMR w`‡q Zv‡Z Lv‡`¨i PµwU Av‡jvPbv K‡i c~Y© Ki‡Z ej‡eb| GwU GKBmv‡_
cybiv‡jvPbv I g~j¨vq‡Y GB †KŠkj e¨envi Kiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i|

†Kvb †Kvb wel‡q e¨envi Kiv hv‡e?

g~jZ weÁvb, mvgvwRK weÁvb wel‡q cvV`v‡bi †¶‡Î e¨envi Kiv hv‡e| ‡hme cÖ‡kœi Dˇi A‡bK †¶Î
Avm‡Z cv‡i †mme cv‡VB GwU e¨envi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

Dc‡iv³ cØwZ ¸‡jv †_‡K ‡h †Kvb GKwU wb‡q ‡kwY cvV`vb cwiPvjvbv Ki‡Z e‡jb| cvV`vb†k‡l
cÖ‡hvRbxq civgk© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z e‡jb|

mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †KŠk‡ji ‡h‡Kvb c×wZ wk¶K Zvi myweavg‡Zv cwieZ©b/cwigvR©b K‡i e¨envi
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb, ïay mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †KŠk‡ji g~j welq¸‡jv‡K gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e|
 wk‡ivbvg: mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †kLv‡bv †KŠkj
Awa‡ekb-09
(wmgy‡jkb I ch©v‡jvPbv)
wkLbdj :
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY:
K. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i wmgy‡jkb cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
L. mn‡hvwMZvg~jK wkLb †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i cvV Dc¯’vcbvq `¶Zv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ I †KŠkj: f‚wgKvwfbq, `jMZ KvR, Av‡jvPbv Ges djveZ©b|

GB Awa‡ek‡b †Kvb Z_¨cÎ †bB

Awa‡ekb-10 wk‡ivbvg: cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb

wkLbdj :
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY:
K. cÖKí/cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb-‡kLv‡bv aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
L. cÖKí/cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb c×wZi cÖ‡qvM †KŠkj nv‡Z-Kj‡g Abykxjb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ I †KŠkj: cÖ‡kœvËi, GKK KvR, `jMZ KvR, Av‡jvPbv, cÖ`k©b, †Km ÷¨vwW Ges djveZ©b|
cÖKí/cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb c×wZ:

wesk kZvãxi cÖ_g w`‡K gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi cÖ‡qvMev`x `vk©wbK Rb wWDB (1859-1953) wk¶v c×wZ m¤^‡Ü
GKwU bZzb wPš—vavivi bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb mgm¨v c×wZ (Problem method')| c‡i Zuvi GKRb AbyMvgx
wkl¨ DBwjqvg nvW© wKjc¨vwUªK 1918 mv‡j wWDB -Gi mgm¨v c×wZwU‡K cwigvwR©Z I cwiewZ©Z K‡i cÖ‡R±
c×wZ D™¢veb K‡ib|

cÖ‡R± c×wZ‡K evsjvq Kvh©-mgm¨v c×wZ ejv hvq| GB c×wZi g~j K_v n‡”Q wk¶v_x©‡`i ¯^vfvweK I mv_©K
Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ w`‡q wk¶v jvf|

cÖKí/cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb n‡”Q GKwU wkLb cÖwµqv †hLv‡b wk¶v_©xiv ev¯Ze Rxe‡b wewfbœ A_©c~Y© Kvh©µ‡g
mwµqfv‡e AskMÖn†Yi gva¨‡g †k‡L| cÖKí/cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb wkLb Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g wk¶K wkLb†K
wk¶v_©x‡`i Kv‡Q RxešZ K‡i †Zv‡j| cÖKí/cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb nj AwfÁZvwfwËK wkL‡bi GKwU cÖwµqv,
†hLv‡b wk¶v_©xiv GKUv wbw`©ó mgq a‡i mywb`©ó cÖwµqv †g‡b I AwfÁZv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g †Kvb ev¯Ze mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi †Póv K‡i wKsev †Kvb wbw`©ó cÖ‡kœi DËi Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i, †hUv GK mßvn †_‡K wZb
wKsev Qq gvm ev eQi a‡iI Pj‡Z cv‡i| G Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g wk¶v_©xiv GKUv P‚ovšZ djvdj ˆZwi K‡i ev
†Kvb mgvavb Dc¯’vcb K‡i hv ev¯Ze Rxe‡bi m‡½ mswশ্লó| AwfÁZv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g ev¯Ze mgm¨v mgvavb
Ki‡Z wM‡q wk¶v_©x ïiy Zvi wkLbdj AR©b Ki‡Z m¶g nq| Zv-B bq, eis Zvi g‡a¨ m~² wPšZb `¶Zv,
m„Rbkxj wPšZb `¶Zv, mgm¨v mgvav‡bi `¶Zv, wm×všZ †bevi `¶Zv, †hvMv‡hv‡Mi `¶Zv BZ¨vw` M‡o
D‡V| GKB mv‡_ `jxq Kv‡Ri PP©vi gva¨‡g cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK g‡bvfv‡ei e`‡j mngwg©Zv I mn‡hvwMZvg~jK
g‡bvfve M‡o D‡V, wb‡Ri wkL‡b `vwqZ¡ wb‡Ri Dci Awc©Z nIqvq Zvi g‡a¨ `vwqZ¡kxjZv ˆZwi nq| µgvMZ
AbymÜv‡b G cÖwµqv wk¶v_©x I wk¶K‡`i gv‡S bZzb Drmvn I kw³i mÂq K‡i d‡j wkLb Avb›`gq I
¯^Zù‚Z© nq| wk¶v_©x GB cy‡iv Kvh©µg †k‡l †h wbR¯^ Dcjwä ev mgvav‡b DcbxZ nq ev¯Ze Rxe‡bI Zvi
GKUv e¨envwiK Zvrch© _v‡K| A_©vr wk¶v_©x GLv‡b ïayB Ávb ev Z_¨ Aš^lYKvixi f‚wgKvq _vK‡e Ggb bq,
eis †m †hb bZzb Ávb m„wóI Ki‡Z cv‡i, Ggb m¤¢vebvI D‡b¥vwPZ nq|

cÖKí/cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb G wK wkL‡Z n‡e Ges KZUzKz wkL‡Z n‡e Zv Av‡M †_‡K wba©vwiZ _v‡K bv| mgm¨v
mgvav‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq welq¸‡jv wk¶v_©xiv wk‡L †bq| GB wkLb c×wZwU we`¨vj‡qi Pvi †`qv‡ji
gv‡S mxgve× bq| GB c×wZ‡Z wkLb A‡bK Avb›`gq nq, wkïi weKv‡k mnvqK, Rxeb-`¶Zv AR©‡b
ev¯ZeZvi gy‡LvgywL nIqvi my‡hvM, wPšZvkw³i weKvk, mvgvwRK ¸Yvewji weKvk N‡U|
cÖKí/cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb Kvh©µ‡gi Rb¨ †h Dcv`vbmg~n _vKv cÖ‡qvRb:

• P¨v‡jwÄs cÖkœ ev mgm¨v: cÖKíwU GKwU A_©c~Y© cÖkœ ev mgm¨vi DËi ev mgvavb †LvuRvi Rb¨
wWRvBb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zv n‡Z n‡e wk¶v_©xi eqm Dc‡hvMx|
• AbymÜvbg~jK: wk¶v_©xiv GKwU A†c¶vK…Z `xN© cÖwµqvi g‡a¨ m¤c„³ n‡q cÖwZwbqZ cÖkœ,
AbymÜvb, DËi †LvuRv Ges Zvi cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡i|
• ev¯Zem¤§Z †cÖ¶vcU: cÖKíwU ev¯Ze cÖ¶vc‡U wk¶v_©x‡`i e¨w³MZ B”Qv, cQ›` ev Zv‡`i
m‡½ mswশ্লó n‡e|
• wk¶v_©xi cQ›` Ges K_v ¸iyZ¡c~Y©: cÖK‡í wk¶v_©xi B”Qv, cQ›` Abyhvqx cwiKíbv Kivi,
wm×vš— †bqvi Ges Zv‡`i K_v I aviYv wb‡R‡`i g‡Zv K‡i cÖKvk Kivi my‡hvM _vK‡Z
n‡e|
• cÖwZdjb: wk¶v_©xiv wkLb, cÖwµqv, KvR ev djvd‡ji gvb, h_v_©Zv Ges Kx Kx mgm¨v ev
P¨v‡jÄ †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q Ges Kx †KŠk‡j Zv K‡i‡Q, GmKj wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi
my‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e|
• mgv‡jvPbv I ms‡kvab: wk¶v_©xiv wb‡R‡`i Kv‡Ri mgv‡jvPbv Kivi cvkvcvwk A‡b¨i
mgv‡jvPbv †kvbvi Ges MÖnY K‡i cÖwµqv I djvdj Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ ms‡kvab Kivi my‡hvM
_vK‡Z n‡e|
• cÖKí djvdj Db¥y³KiY I Dc¯’vcb: wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖKí djvdj mK‡ji Rb¨ Db¥y³ K‡i
Zvi Dc¯’vcb I e¨vL¨v Kivi my‡hvM _vK‡Z n‡e|
cÖKí: Avgvi cwievi Gi Rb¨ cÖwk¶†Ki MvBWjvBb

avc-1: cÖKí cÖwµqv m¤c‡K© aviYv

`j MVb Ki‡eb| cÖwk¶K `‡ji bvg I D‡Ïk¨ wVK K‡i w`‡e| cÖK†íi mgq n‡e 7-8 gvm| `‡ji cÖ‡Z¨K
m`m¨B mwµqfv‡e cÖK‡íi Kv‡R AskMÖnY Ki‡eb| †K wK KvR Ki‡e Ges KZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ Ki‡e †mUv
wVK K‡i wb‡e| cÖwk¶K Ny‡i Ny†i †`L‡e Zviv Kxfv‡e Zv†`i cwiKíbv Ki‡Q| `jxq cwiKíbv †kl n‡j
cÖwk¶K †mme ïb‡e cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Zv‡`i mnvqZv Ki‡e| GB av‡c g~j KvR n‡jv wk¶v_©x‡`i cÖKíwfwËK
Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ¯‘Z Kiv|

avc-2: wbR cwievi‡K Rvbv

GB av‡c wk¶v_©x wb‡Ri cwievi m¤c‡K© aviYv cv‡e| cÖwk¶K Zv‡`i cÖkœ w`‡q w`‡eb| †Zvgv‡`i evwo‡Z †K
†K _v‡Kb? Zv‡`i mevi Qwe AvuK‡e| Kvi cwiev†i KZ Rb Av‡Q? Zvi g‡a¨ KZ Rb †Q‡j Avi KZ Rb
†g‡q Av‡Q? Zv‡`i bvg †R‡b wb‡e| (wk¶v_©xiv wK Dc¯’vcb Kij, wK‡mi gva¨‡g Kij, Zv g~L¨ welq bv|
Zviv cÖwµqvwU Abymib Ki‡Z cvi‡Q wK bv †mUv g~j welq|)

wk¶v_©xiv avc-2 Gi KvR †k‡l Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

avc-3: cwiev‡ii aviYv

GB av‡c cwiev‡ii mK‡ji Qwe mvRv‡e| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki cwiev‡ii mv‡_ wgj Awgj Lyu‡R †ei Ki‡e| Kvi
cwiev‡i KZRb †ewk, KZ Rb eo, KZ Rb †QvU Gm‡ei Zzjbv Ki‡e| Gm‡ei Zzjbv Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|
avc-4: cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i KvR
GB av‡c GKUv PvU© ˆZwi Ki‡e| Av‡Mi av‡c Kiv Qwe w`‡q cwiev‡ii m`‡m¨i mvRv‡e| Qwei cv‡k †K wK
KvR K‡i †mUv Qwe AvuKvi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki‡e (‡h‡nZz cÖ_g †kªwYi wk¶v_©xiv wjL‡Z cv‡i bv|) cwiev‡ii
m`m¨‡`i KvR wb‡q `jMZ Av‡jvPbv Ges wk¶v_©x wb‡R evwo‡Z wK KvR K‡i †mme Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e|
Av‡jvPvbv †k‡l Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|
avc -5: cï-cvwLi cwievi
wk¶K cÖkœ w`‡e- Kvi evwo‡Z wK ai‡Yi cï-cvwL Av‡Q, Zvi Qwe AvuK‡e| Avgv‡`i g‡Zv wK cï-cvwLi
cwievi Av‡Q? Zv‡`i cwiev‡i Kviv Av‡Q? Zviv wK Lvq? wK KvR K‡i? †Kv_vq _v‡K? Gme Z_¨ evwo‡Z
wM‡q msMÖn Ki‡e| †mm‡ei Qwe AvuK‡e| `jMZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e Ges Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|
avc-6: Drme Ges Lv`¨vf¨vm
wk¶K cÖkœ w`‡e- Kvi evwo‡Z wK ai‡Yi Drme nq? †K wK Lvq? mKv‡j wK Lvq? we‡K‡j wK Lvq? iv‡Z wK
Lvq? Gme wjL‡e ev Qwe AvuK‡e| †jLv/ Qwe AvuKv †kl n‡j `jMZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e| Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|
avc-7: mK‡j GK mv‡_ _vKv
mevi GK mv‡_ _vK‡Z fv‡jv jv‡M wK? †Kb jv‡M?
Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡e| `jMZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e| Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|
avc-8: †ivMx hZœ
evwo‡Z †K †K Amy¯’ n‡q‡Q? wK †ivM n‡q‡Q? Kviv Zvi †mev K‡i‡Q? Zzwg wK K‡i‡Qv? Gme Z_¨ wjL‡e/Qwe
AvuK‡e| `jMZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e| Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|
avc-9: cQ‡›`i gvbyl
cwiev‡ii Kv‡K me †_†K fv‡jv jv‡M? †Kb jv‡M?
Gme Z_¨ `jMZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡e Ges Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|
avc-10: Avgvi cwievi eB ˆZwi
cÖ‡Z¨K av‡c hv hv KvR K‡i‡Q, Zv mvwR‡q GKUv eB ˆZwi Ki‡e| eB Drme Ki‡e|
cÖKí mgvß n‡e|
 wk‡ivbvg: cÖ‡R±wfwËK wkLb: wmgy‡jkb cvV Dc¯’vcb Ges
Awa‡ekb-11
ch©v‡jvPbv
wkLbdj :
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY:
K. cÖ‡R±wfwËK wk¶Y †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i wmgy‡jkb cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
L. cÖ‡R±wfwËK wk¶Y †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i cvV Dc¯’vcbvq `¶Zv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ I †KŠkj: f‚wgKvwfbq, `jMZ KvR, Av‡jvPbv Ges djveZ©b|

GB Awa‡ek‡b †Kvb Z_¨cÎ †bB

Awa‡ekb-12 wk‡ivbvg: †Ljvi Q‡j wkLb

wkLbdj :
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_x©MY-
M. ‡Ljvi Q‡j wkL‡bi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
N. ‡Ljvi Q‡j wkL‡bi cwi‡ek ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
O. we`¨vjq cÖv½‡b †Ljvi ¯’v‡bi cwiKíbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
P. †Ljvi Q‡j wkL‡b wk¶‡Ki KiYxq wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ I †KŠkj: `jxq KvR I †cv÷vi cÖ`k©b I wcwcwU cÖ`k©b
Ask K: ‡c-dyj‡bm

mwµq AskMªnY, BwZevPK Av‡eM cªKvk, m„RbkxjZv, AvMÖn, ¯^Z:ù~Z©Zv, Avb›`gq BZ¨vw` †Ljvi
ˆewk󨸇jv hLb wk¶v_©xi wkL‡b cÖZ¨¶ f~wgKv iv‡L †mUvB ‡c-dzj‡bm|

‡Ljvi Q‡j wkL‡bi ˆewkó¨mg~n

• ‡Ljvq BwZevPK Av‡eM
• ‡Ljvq mwµq AskMªnY
• Ab¨‡`i mv‡_ †Ljv ïiy Kiv
• ‡Ljvq m„RbkxjZv †`Lv‡bv
• ‡Ljvi mgq Ab¨‡K mnvqZv Kiv I A‡b¨i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kiv
• eÜyZ¡c~Y© cwi‡ek
• Avš—wiKfv‡e ev ü`¨Zvi mv‡_ †Ljv
• ‡Ljbv, aviYv, eÜy BZ¨vw` fvMvfvwM Kiv
• gvbwmK mvg_©¨
• mvgvwRK ¸‡bi weKvk
• `xN©¯’vqx wkLb
• k„sLjv
• mngwg©Zv I mn‡hvwMZv
• cybive„wËi myweav

‡Ljvi Q‡j wkL‡bi f~wgKv:

GKwU M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, hviv †ewk †c-dyj Zv‡`i Av‡eM cªKv‡ki gvÎv Ab¨vb¨‡`i Zyjbvq †ewk (evi‡bU,
1991)| Av‡iKwU M‡elYvq †`Lv hvq, hv‡`i Rxe‡b gvbwmK Pv‡ci Dcjwäi cwigvb †ewk Zv‡`i Dci
†c-dyj AvPi‡Yi A‡bK cªfve i‡q‡Q| Zviv hLb gvbwmK Pv‡ci g‡a¨ _v‡K, ZLb Zviv mn‡RB Zv‡`i
cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi mv‡_ wb‡R‡`i Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z cv‡i (eªvDb 2014, MW©b 2014, †Mª 2011)| †h‡nZy
wkïiv †Ljvi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i g‡bi Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ, wPš—v-fvebv, a¨vb-aviYv, Kíbvkw³ BZ¨vw`i cªKvk K‡i
_v‡K, ZvB Zv‡`i Rb¨ †Ljvi mgq †c-dyj nIqvi ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| GQvovI Zv‡`i m‡e©vcwi weKv‡ki Rb¨
†c-dyj‡b‡mi ¸iyZ i‡q‡Q| †c-dyj‡b‡mi gva¨‡g-
• weKvk Z¡ivwš^Z nq
• g‡bv‡hvM e„w× cvq
• D‡`¨vMx nq
• my-m¤úK© ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡i
• m„Rbkxj n‡Z cv‡i
• wewfbœ mvgvwRK `¶Zv AvqË Ki‡Z cv‡i
• ¯^vaxbfv‡e wPš—v Ki‡Z cv‡i
• `y:wðš—v K‡g
• mnbkxjZv (Resilience) ev‡o
• cwi‡e‡ki mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z cv‡i
• cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z cv‡i
• m‡e©vcwi wkïiv gvbwmKfv‡e fv‡jv (wellbeing) _v‡K

Ask L: wk¶‡Ki KiYxq:

• wk¶v_©xi bvg a‡i WvKv
• nvwmgy‡L m¤¢vlY Kiv
• nv‡Z Kj‡g Abykxjb Kiv
• eÜzmyjf AvPiY Kiv
• wk¶v_©xi cÖ‡qvRbxq `¶Zv Dbœq‡b mnvqZv Kiv
• cÖksmv Kiv
• cyi¯‹…Z Kiv (Ae¯‘MZ)

Ask M: wk¶v_©xi wbivcËvq we‡eP¨ welqmg~n:

▪ †Ljvi RvqMv Ggb nIqv DwPZ †hLv‡b wcQ‡j c‡o wk¶v_©x e¨_v bv cvq
▪ Db¥y³ bvjv, Lvj, cyKzi, iv¯—v wKsev wec`RbK †Kvb RvqMv †_‡K †Ljvi ¯’vb‡K Avjv`v Ki‡Z h‡_ó
D”PZv m¤úbœ †eov e¨envi Kiv DwPZ
▪ GKwU †Ljvi DcKiY †_‡K Av‡iKwU †Ljvi DcKi‡Yi gv‡S h‡_ó duvKv RvqMv ivLv DwPZ hv‡Z
wk¶v_©xi PjvPj euvavMÖ¯’ bv nq
▪ †Ljvi DcKi‡Yi aviv‡jv wKbviv gm„Y K‡i wb‡Z n‡e hv‡Z kix‡ii †Kvb Ask †j‡M †K‡U bv hvq
▪ †Ljvi DcKiYmg~n wbqwgZ Z`viwK K‡i Zv †givg‡Zi e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e
▪ we`y¨r¯ú„ó nevi m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q Ggb RvqMv †_‡K †Ljvi ¯’vb `~‡i _vK‡Z n‡e
▪ †Ljvi wewfbœ As‡ki D”PZv Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z wk¶v_©x c‡o wM‡q e¨_v bv cvq
▪ cwiZ¨³ Mv‡Qi ¸uwo fv½v †cv÷, eo cv_i wKsev B‡Ui mv‡_ av°v †j‡M wk¶v_©x †hb AvnZ bv nq
†mRb¨ Dchy³ e¨e¯’v wb‡Z n‡e
 ▪ ‡Ljvi †KŠkj wk¶K Av‡M wb‡R †`Lv‡eb, c‡i wk¶v_©x‡`i Abykxjb Kiv‡bv|
wk‡ivbvg: †Ljvi Q‡j wkLb: wmgy‡jkb cvV Dc¯’vcb Ges
Awa‡ekb-13
ch©v‡jvPbv
wkLbdj :
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY:
K. †Ljvi Q‡j wkLb †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i wmgy‡jkb cvV Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
L. ‡Ljvi Q‡j wkLb †KŠkj e¨envi K‡i cvV Dc¯’vcbvq `¶Zv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ I †KŠkj: f‚wgKvwfbq, `jMZ KvR, Av‡jvPbv Ges djveZ©b|

GB Awa‡ek‡b †Kvb Z_¨cÎ †bB

Awa‡ekb-14 wk‡ivbvg: gvwë‡mbmwi DcKiY

wkLbdj :
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l cÖwk¶Yv_x©MY-
K. cvV`v‡b e¨eüZ gvwë‡mÝwi DcKi‡Yi aviYv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
L. wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g gvwë‡mÝwi DcKiY e¨env‡ii ¸iyZ¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;
c×wZ I †KŠkj: gvBÛ g¨vwcs, GKK KvR, Think-pair-share

Ask K: gvwë‡mÝwi DcKiY

gvby‡li cvuPwU Bw›`ªq i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv nj: †PvL, Kvb, bvK, wRnev I Z¡K| cÖwZwU gvbyl GB c Bw›`ªq e¨envi
K‡i bZzb bZzb welq wk‡L ev AwfÁZv jvf K‡i| Zviv †PvL w`‡q †`‡L wk‡L, Kvb w`‡q ï‡b wk‡L, bvK
w`‡q MÜ ïu‡K wk‡L, wRnev w`‡q ¯^v` wb‡q wk‡L Ges Z¡K w`‡q ¯úk© K‡i wk‡L| gvbyl †hgb GKwU Bw›`ªq
e¨envi K‡i bZzb wKQy wkL‡Z cv‡i, ‡Zgwb GKvwaK Bw›`ªq e¨envi K‡iI bZzb AwfÁZv jvf K‡i| Avevi
†Kvb wkL‡b Zv‡`i mKj Bw›`ªq GKmv‡_ e¨envi n‡Z cv‡i| ‡hme DcKiY e¨env‡i wk¶v_x©i G‡Ki AwaK
Bw›`ªq Kv‡R jv‡M †mme DcKiYmg~n‡K gvwë‡mÝwi DcKiY ejv nq|

gvbe gw¯—‡®‹i wewfbœ Ask _v‡K| GB Ask¸‡jv GKwU AciwUi mv‡_ Avš—:m¤úK©hy³| Whole brain
learning theory Abyhvqx hLb wb‡`©kbv wewfbœ Bw›`ªq Øviv gw¯—‡®‹ M„nxZ nq ZLb wkLb AwaKZi Kvh©Ki nq
I ¯’vqx| ZvB cvV`v‡b Ggb gvwë‡mÝwi DcKiY e¨envi Kiv DwPZ hv wk¶v_x©i `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Bw›`ªq‡K
Kv‡R jvMv‡bvi gva¨‡g wkL‡b mnvqZv K‡i|
 gvwë‡mÝwi DcKi‡Yi cÖKvi‡f`

cÖKvi‡f` msÁv Bw›`ª‡qi e¨envi D`vniY

`k©b‡hvM¨ DcKiYmg~n ‡hme DcKiY wk¶v_x©i `„wói e¨envi ‡PvL cvV¨cy¯—K, g‡Wj, Kg©cÎ, ev¯—e bgybv, †evW©,
(Visual Aids) NUvq ey‡jwUb †evW©, †nvqvBU †evW©, Aw¼Z wPÎ, Qwe,
gvbwPÎ, wfc KvW©, cÖevn wPÎ, †gvevBj, PvU©,
Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i (OHP), wd¬cPvU©, wbe©vK Pjw”PÎ|
kªeY‡hvM¨ DcKiYmg~n ‡hme DcKiY wk¶v_x©i kÖe‡Yw›`ª‡qi Kvb †iwWI, MÖv‡gv‡dvb, wmwW †c-qvi, K¨v‡mU †c-qvi,
(Auditory Aids) e¨envi NUvq †Uwj‡dvb,
kªeY-`k©b‡hvM¨ DcKiYmg~n ‡hme DcKiY wk¶v_x©i `„wó I kÖe‡Yw›`ªq ‡PvL I Kvb Pjw”PÎ, †Uwjwfkb, wfwWI, Kw¤úDUvi
(Audio-Visual Aids) Df‡qi e¨envi NUvq
¯úk©‡hvM¨ DcKiY ‡hme DcKiY ¯úk© Kiv hvq ‡PvL I Z¡K cvV¨cy¯—K, g‡Wj, ev¯—e e¯‘, cix¶‡Yi DcKiY
(Tactile Aids)
¯^v`‡hvM¨ DcKiY ‡hme& DcKi‡Yi ¯^v` †bqv hvq †PvL. wRnev wPwb, jeY, ivmvqwbK `ªe¨
(Gustatory Aids)
MÜhy³ DcKiY ‡hme DcKi‡Y MÜ i‡q‡Q ‡PvL, bvK dzj, dj, ivmvqwbK `ªe¨
(Olfactory Aids)
kvixie„Ëxq DcKiY ‡hme DcKiY e¨env‡i wk¶v_x©i kvixwiK mKj Bw›`ªq †Ljvi DcKiY
(Kinesthetic Aids) bovPov Ki‡Z nq
Ask L: gvwë‡mÝwi DcKiY e¨env‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZv
GWMvi †Wj Gi AwfÁZvi †KvY
ev¯Íe AwfÁZv AR©b ‡ewk
‡Kvb ev¯Íe NUbv g‡Wwjs ev wmgy‡jkb
f~wgKvwfbq

wkL‡bi gvÎv I ¯’vwqZ¡

nv‡Z Kj‡g KvR Kiv
‡Kvb KvR cÖ`wk©Z n‡Z †`Lv
cÖ`k©bx/‡gjv cwi`k©b
wfwWI †`Lv
Qwe ‡`Lv
‡kvbv
cov Kg
wPÎ: GWMvi †Wj Gi AwfÁZvi †KvY
m~Î: Dale, E. (1969). Audiovisual Methods in Teaching. ‡_‡K msM„nxZ I Abyevw`Z

GWMvi †Wj Gi AwfÁZvi †KvY Abyhvqx GKRb gvbyl me‡P‡q Kg †k‡L ïay covi gva¨‡g| Gi †P‡q
Av‡iKUz †ewk †k‡L †kvbvi gva¨‡g, Zvici Qwe †`Lvi gva¨‡g| wfwWI †`L‡j Zv‡`i wkLb Av‡iv
†ewk ¯’vqx nq| Av‡iv †ewk wkLb ¯’vqx nq †Kvb wKQz NU‡Z †`‡L Ges NUbvi f~wgKvwfbq K‡i| Z‡e
†Kvb Kv‡R ev NUbvq Ask wb‡q AwfÁZv AR©‡bi gva¨‡g hv wk‡L Zv me‡P‡q †ewk Kvh©Ki I ¯’vqx
nq|
nvIqvW© MvW©bv‡ii eûgyLx eyw×gËv ZË¡
MvW©bv‡ii eûgyLx eyw×gËv ZË¡ Abyhvqx cÖ‡Z¨K gvby‡li †kLvi aiY wfbœ| †KD †`‡L fv‡jv wk‡L, †KD
ï‡b fv‡jv wk‡L, Avevi †KD KvRwU Kivi gva¨‡g fv‡jv wk‡L| A_©vr G‡KK gvbyl G‡KKfv‡e wkL‡Z
†ewk cQ›` K‡i| MvW©bv‡ii 1983 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ Zvi weL¨vZ eB Frames of Mind: The theory of
multiple intelligence G e‡j‡Qb, c„w_exi gvby‡li gv‡S AvU ai‡Yi eyw×gËv i‡q‡Q|
1. ‡gŠwLK I fvlve„Ëxq eyw×gËv
2. ‡hŠw³K I MvwYwZK eyw×gËv
3. `„wó I Ae¯’vbg~jK eyw×gËv
4. Q›` I m½xZg~jK eyw×gËv
5. Abyf‚wZ I kvixie„Ëxq eyw×gËv
6. Aš—:e¨w³ eyw×gËv
7. Avš—:e¨w³K eyw×gËv
8. cÖvK…wZK eyw×gËv
Awa‡ekb-15 wk‡ivbvg: wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g cÖhyw³i e¨envi

wkLbdj :
Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY-
K. wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g cÖhyw³i e¨envi ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
L. wkLb †kLv‡bv Kvh©µ‡g cÖhyw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi †¶Î wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
c×wZ I †KŠkj : `jMZ KvR, weZ©K cÖwZ‡hvwMZv, Dc¯’vcb I Av‡jvPbv|

GB Awa‡ek‡b †Kvb Z_¨cÎ †bB

Awa‡ekb-16 wk‡ivbvg: cvV cwiKíbv ch©v‡jvPbv I Dbœqb

wkLbdj
G Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvwiMY-
K. cvV-cwiKíbvi aviYv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
L. cvV-cwiKíbvi Dcv`vbmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
M. cvV-cwiKíbvi QK cÖYqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

c×wZ I †KŠkj: AwfÁZv wewbgq, cÖ‡kœvËi, e³…Zv, †eªBb÷wg©s, †Rvovq KvR, gy³ Av‡jvPbv, `jMZ
Av‡jvPbv|

cvV cwiKíbvi aviYv I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv

†Kv‡bv KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ mywPwš—Z avivevwnK cÖwµqvmg~‡ni iƒc‡iLvB n‡jv cwiKíbv| †h
†Kv‡bv KvR myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z n‡j Zv Aek¨B c~e© cwiKwíZ n‡Z nq| †kÖwYK‡¶ wk¶K wbw`©ó
wkLbdj AR©‡bi Rb¨ cvV Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv K‡ib| GB cvV Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g wk¶K wk¶v_©xi
AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©b NUvb| wk¶K Av‡M †_‡KB cwiKíbv Ki‡eb wZwb Kx †kLv‡eb? Kxfv‡e †kLv‡eb?
Kv‡K †kLv‡eb? †Kb †kLv‡eb?

†kÖwYK‡¶ wk¶v_©x‡`i mvg‡b GKwU we‡kl cvV Dc¯’vc‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖ¯‘ZK…Z wjwLZ iƒcwU n‡jv
ˆ`bw›`b cvV cwiKíbv| cwiKwíZ wkLb-‡kLv‡bv Kvh©µg n‡”Q wk¶vµg ev¯—evq‡bi me‡P‡q
¸iyZ¡c~Y© Ask| mwVK, wbf©yj I mh‡Zœ ˆZwiK…Z cvV cwiKíbvB cv‡i wkLbdj Abymv‡i wk¶v_©xi
wkLb‡K wbwðZ Ki‡Z|

myôz cvV cwiKíbv GKRb wk¶K‡K Zuvi cv‡Vi cÖwZwU avc gvbmc‡U †`L‡Z (visualization) AwMÖg
mvnvh¨ K‡i, d‡j wk¶K fv‡jv cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z cv‡ib Ges Zuvi mdjZv e„w× K‡i| cvV cwiKíbv GKRb
`¶ wk¶K‡K Zuvi c~e©eZ©x cv‡Vi fv‡jv-g›` we‡k-lY Kivi Rb¨ Z_¨ mieivn K‡i hv Zuvi cieZ©x
cvV‡K DbœZ Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

cvV cwiKíbvi m¤¢ve¨ DcKvwiZv (Potential benefits)

• cvV Kvh©µg‡K wbqwš¿Z, msMwVZ I avivevwnK Kiv hvq;
• Dc¯’vcb ch©v‡qi meKqwU KvR wba©vwiZ mg‡q †kl Kiv hvq;
• wkLb‡kLv‡bv Kvh©µg AvKl©Yxq nq;
• wk¶v_©xi wkLb mnR I ¯’vqx nq ;
• nZvkv Ges AevwÃZ (Avb›`nxb) Ae¯’v Gov‡bv hvq;
• wkLb welqe¯‘i g‡a¨B mxgve× _v‡K (Stay on track);
• Kvw•¶Z wkLbdj AR©b m¤¢e nq;
• DcKi‡Yi mwVK e¨envi Kiv hvq;
• wk¶‡Ki AvZ¥wek¦vm e„w× cvq|

cvV-cwiKíbv bv _vK‡j GKRb wk¶K m¤¢ve¨ †hme mgm¨vi (Potential problems) gy‡LvgywL
n‡Z cv‡ibÑ
• D‡Ïk¨nxb †Nviv‡div/ †LB nvwi‡q †djv (Aimless wondering);
• wkLbdj AR©b bv nIqv;
• cÖ‡qvRbxq wk¶v DcKiY mv‡_ bv _vKv;
• c~e©eZ©x I cieZ©x cv‡Vi avivevwnKZv bv _vKv;

GB mgm¨vi Awbevh© djvdj -

• wkLb Kvw•¶Z gv‡bi bv nIqv;
• nZvkv †`Lv †`Iqv (wk¶K I QvÎ Df‡qiB g‡a¨);
• mgq, kÖg Ges A‡_©i AcPq nIqv|

cvV-cwiKíbvi bgybv QK
†kÖwY: kvLv:
welq: Aa¨vq:
wkLbdj: cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg:
cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKiY :
mgq cvV cwiKíbvi AwZwi³
wkLb- †kLv‡bv Kvh©µg
60 wg. avcmg~n Z_¨
50 wgwbU • ..... ✓ ï‡f”Qv wewbgq ✓ †kvbv
✓ AvMÖnx nIqv

• ..... ✓ cye© Ávb hvPvB ✓ AskMÖnY

✓ wkLbdj
• ..... cwiwPwZ ✓ wPš—v I Av‡jvPbv
✓ Dchy³ (GKK/`jMZ)
wkLb‡kLv‡bv ✓ cÖ‡kœvËi
†KŠkj Aej¤^‡b ✓ mn‡hvwMZv
†kÖwY Kvh©µg ✓ AskMÖnY
cwiPvjbv
10 wgwbU • ...... ✓ g~j¨vqb wb‡`©kbv ✓ cÖ‡kœvËi
Abyhvqx ✓ AskMÖnY

• ..... ✓ wk¶v_©x‡`i ✓ †kvbv

cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx ✓ †jLv
* Avcbv‡`i g¨vbyqv‡ji †k‡l K‡qKwU bgybv cvV-cwiKíbv †`Iqv Av‡Q| Avcbviv cÖ‡qvR‡b Zv †`‡L wb‡Z
cv‡ib|
cvV-cwiKíbvi Dcv`vbmg~n
mvaviY Z_¨ : †kÖwY,kvLv, welq, Aa¨vq, cv‡Vi wk‡ivbvg GB As‡k D‡j-L _vK‡e|
• wkLbdj
cvV Kvh©µg †k‡l wk¶v_©x Kx AR©b Ki‡e Zv GB As‡k mywbw`©ó _v‡K| wkLbdj wbw`©ó _vK‡j
wk¶K †Kvb c‡_ hv‡eb, KZUzKz hv‡eb, wKfv‡e †M‡j QvÎ-wk¶K mn‡R Avb›`gq cwi‡e‡k
mn‡R Mš—‡e¨ †cŠuQ‡Z cvi‡eb Zv wVK K‡i †bIqv hvq| cÖ‡qvR‡b wkLbdj wefvRb K‡i wb‡j
†kÖwY Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv mnR nq| wkLbdj AR©b wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB wcwiqW msL¨v wbw`©ó
K‡i wb‡Z nq|
• DcKiY
cvV Kvh©µg mnR I AvKl©YxqKi‡Y Kx Kx DcKiY e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi ZvwjKv _v‡K DcKiY
As‡k| Ggb GKwU Ae¯’vi K_v fveyb †Zv K¬vm PjvKvjxb nVvr Avcbvi g‡b co‡jv GB gyn~‡Z©
†ev‡W© wj‡L welqe¯‘wU wk¶v_©x‡`i eySv‡bv mnR n‡e| Avcwb †ev‡W©i w`‡K GwM‡q †M‡jb Ges
gvK©vi/P‡Ki Rb¨ †Uwej, A‡bK RvqMvq LuyR‡jb wKš‘ †Kv_vI gvK©vi/PK Lyu‡R †c‡jb bv- †Kgb
jvM‡e Avcbvi? cvV Kvh©µ‡gi gvSc‡_ G‡m wk¶K Ges GKB mv‡_ wk¶v_©x‡K GB ai‡bi
weeªZKi Ae¯’v †_‡K gyw³ w`‡Z cv‡i cvV cwiKíbvi DcKiY AskwU| ¯^í LiP I mn‡R ˆZwi
Kiv hvq Ges ¯’vbxqfv‡e mnRjf¨ Ggb DcKiY e¨env‡ii my‡hvM ivL‡Z n‡e|
• Iqvg© Avc/ wiwfD / bZzb cv‡Vi m~Pbv
†Kv‡bv K¬vm Iqvg© Avc w`‡q Avevi †Kv‡bv K¬vm wiwfD w`‡q ïiy nq| GgbI †`Lv hvq Iqvg©
Avc I wiwfD DfqB K¬vm ïiy‡Z Kiv nq| GmeB wbf©i K‡i K¬v‡mi cwiw¯’wZi Dci| c~e©eZ©x
cv‡Vi wKQz c‡q›U D‡j-L ev Av‡jvPbv K‡i eZ©gvb cv‡Vi mv‡_ ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi cš’vB n‡jv
wiwfD| Kvh©Kix wiwfD wk¶K bq eis QvÎ-QvÎx‡`i gva¨‡gB nIqv DwPZ| Iqvg© Avc Gi D‡Ïk¨
wk¶v_©x‡K K¬v‡mi Rb¨ gvbwmKfv‡e cÖ¯‘Z Kiv| bZzb cv‡Vi m~Pbv A_©vr bZzb cv‡Vi cÖwZ wk¶v_©xi
AvMÖn m„wó Kiv Ges G cv‡Vi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c~e©Ávb ev AwfÁZv hvPvB Kiv| wk¶K wk¶v_©xi
c~e©Ávb hvPvB Ki‡eb cÖkœ ev Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g| A‡bK mgq wPÎ, g‡Wj, ev¯—e bgybv, NUbvi
eY©bvi gva¨‡gI cv‡Vi cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv hvq|
• Dc¯’vcbv
Dc¯’vcb wk¶K KZ©„K n‡jI †mLv‡b wk¶v_©x‡`i AskMÖn‡Yi my‡hvM _v‡K Ges Zv wg_w¯Œqvg~jK
nq| GKRb wk¶K‡K Dc¯’vcb av‡c Aek¨B †h welq¸‡jv †Lqvj ivL‡Z nq - Dc¯’vwcZ bZzb
Dcv`v‡bi mv‡_ cyi‡bv Ávb I AwfÁZvi ms‡hvM ¯’vcb, wk¶v_©xiv eyS‡jv wKbv †mUv hvPvB Kiv,
Abykxjb av‡c e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb g‡Wj Gi D`vniY †`Iqv|
• Abykxjb
Abykxjb bvbvfv‡e m¤¢e| wk¶v_©xi AvMÖn‡K me©v‡MÖ we‡ePbvq wb‡q Abykxjb c×wZ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z
nq| GKB iKg Abykxj‡bi cybive„wË wk¶v_©xi g‡a¨ weiw³i D‡`ªK K‡i Ges Zv Zv‡`i AvMÖn I
DÏxcbvq †bwZevPK cÖfve †d‡j|
• g~j¨vqb I djveZ©b (Feedback)
wkLb-†kLv‡bv Kvh©µg PjvKvjxb wk¶v_©xi mKj KvR‡K wk¶K g~j¨vqb Ki‡eb| G g~j¨vqb
AvbyôvwbK wKsev AbvbyôvwbK n‡Z cv‡i| K¬vm ïiy‡Z, K¬vm PjvKvjxb I K¬vm †k‡l g~j¨vqb m¤¢e
Ges Zv nIqv DwPZ| g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡gB wk¶v_©x KZUzKz wkLj Ges wkLb Kvw•¶Z gv‡bi n‡q‡Q
wKbv Zv Rvbv hvq| evi evi g~j¨vq‡bi d‡j wk¶v_©xi wkLb RoZv I g~j¨vqb fxwZ `~i nq Ges
fv‡jv cvVvf¨vm M‡o D‡V| wk¶v_©xi KvR g~j¨vqb K‡i Gi Dci wbqwgZ wkLb mnvqZv †`IqvB
n‡”Q wdWe¨vK| cvV †k‡l wk¶K d‡jvAvc wn‡m‡e mgvwß e³e¨ w`‡Z cv‡ib|
• ¯^-g~j¨vqb
¯^-g~j¨vqb‡K AvZ¥mgv‡jvPbvI ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| ¯^-g~j¨vq‡bi gva¨‡gB wk¶K †kÖwY‡Z †Kv‡bv
mgm¨vi gy‡LvgywL n‡qwQ‡jb wKbv Ges †Kb? wkLb Kvw•¶Z gv‡bi n‡qwQj wKbv? bv n‡q _vK‡j,
†Kb nqwb? wfbœfv‡e wKQz Kiv †hZ wKbv? bZzb †Kv‡bv AwfÁZv AwR©Z n‡qwQj wKbv hv fwel¨‡Z
mvnvh¨ Ki‡e -Gme cÖ‡kœi DËi †c‡Z cv‡ib|

wkLbdj, Dc¯’vcbv (Abykxjb) I g~j¨vqb/wdWe¨vK n‡PQ cvV cwiKíbvi g~j Dcv`vb|