UCSP Module 1

Understanding
Culture, Society, and Politics

Quarter 1- Module 1:
Nature and Goals of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science
What I Need to Know

Great day to you dear Grade 12 learner! In this module, you will learn the nature and goals of anthropology, sociology, and
political science.
You may be able to acknowledge human cultural variation, social differences, social change, and political identities. You will
also be able to adopt an open and critical attitude toward different social, political, and cultural phenomena through observation and
reflection. You will be able to appreciate the value of the disciplines of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science as Social
Science. You may find significant learning experiences from this module.
Let’s start the fun and learning now!
The module is divided into five lessons, namely:
•Lesson 1 –Articulation of Cultural variation, Social Difference, and Political Identities
•Lesson 2 –Dynamism of Cultural, Social, and Political Change
•Lesson 3–Intersections Inquiry and Importance of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. articulate observations on human cultural variation, social differences, social change, and political identities.
2. demonstrate curiosity and an openness to explore the origins and dynamics of culture and society, and political identities.
3. analyze social, political, and cultural change.
4. recognize the common concerns or intersections of anthropology, sociology, and political science with respect to the
phenomenon of change; and
5. identify the subjects of inquiry and goals of Anthropology, Sociology, and Political Science.
What I Know
Instructions: Complete the missing letters to form a word that describes three clue words.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. R _ _ I _ IO _ 2. _ THN_ _ _ TY 3. TR _ DI _ _ _ _
Pray bible conviction racial tribal folk belief custom conventional
4. _ AT _ _ _ ALI _ Y 5. CU _ T _ R _
citizenship nation race art way of life heritage
Lesson1Articulation of Cultural Variation, Social Differences, and Political Identities

“Diversity is not about how we differ. Diversity is about embracing one another's uniqueness”, quoted by Ola Joseph(2003). What makes
us different? Why do we have to understand our differences? In this lesson, you will be able to articulate observations on human cultural
variation, social differences, social change, and political identities.
What’s In Activity: Where it fits?

Instructions: Choose the word in the box which serves as the best example of cultural variations and social differences. Write your
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Gender exceptionality socio-economic status

Nationality ethnicity religion
A. Cultural variations refer to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around the world.
1.__________________________________________
2.__________________________________________
3.__________________________________________
B. Social differences are the differences among individuals on the basis of social characteristics and qualities.
1.__________________________________________
2.__________________________________________
3.__________________________________________
What’s New Question:
Do you believe that people who are differently abled and underprivileged are still able to contribute to society? Explain your answer.
What is It
Cultural Variations refer to the differences in social behaviors that different cultures exhibit around the world.
1. Religion comes from ‘relegate’ a Latin word that means ‘to bind together’. It is a system of beliefs and practices as well as systems of
actions directed toward entities that are above men. It is an organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural.
2. Ethnicity is the expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethics or indigenous group.
3. Nationality is the legal relationship that binds a person and a country. It allows the state to protect and have jurisdiction over a person.
Social Differences are the differences among individuals based on social characteristics and qualities.
1. Gender is the socially constructed characteristics of being male or female. It serves as a guide on how males and females think and act
about themselves.
2. Socio-economic Status refers to the category of persons who have the same socio-economic privileges: These are Upper class, Middle
class, and Lower class.
3. Exceptionality refers to the state of being intellectually gifted and/or having physically or mentally challenged conditions.
a. Personality/ behavior
b. Communication (learning disability, speech impairment, and hearing problems) c. Intellect (mild intellectual & mental
development disabilities)
d. Physical appearance (blind-low vision)
e. Or a combination of more than one specific exceptionality/disability.
Variation within Cultures:
1. Subculture is a segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differ from the pattern of the
larger society. These are groups that have specific cultural traits that set them apart from the dominant culture.
2. Counter Culture is a group whose values and norms place it at odds with mainstream society or a group that actively rejects dominant
cultural values and norms. In most Western countries, the 1960s saw the rise of different countercultural groups and social movements
that sought to dismantle the different inequalities that were then parts of the dominant culture, such as racism (Civil Rights movement)
sexism (modern Feminist movement), and homophobia (Gay rights movement).
3. High Culture/ Popular Culture are different variations in culture. High culture" is a term now used in a number of different ways in
academic discourse most common meaning is the set of cultural products, mainly in the arts, held in the highest esteem by a culture.
“Popular culture” is a culture based on the tastes of ordinary people rather than an educated elite.
Political identity is almost always associated with a group affiliation and describes the ways in which being a member of a particular
group might express specific political opinions and attitudes. Various factors can construct an identity, including race, nationality, where
a person lives, and a person's gender and sexuality:
1. Partisan Politics
Political identity frequently refers to specific political party affiliation or partisan identity. For many voters, belonging to a
political party is not simply a voting decision. In the U.S., being a Democrat or a Republican is an important expression of a person's
views on life; partisan affiliation signifies membership in a group that defines a worldview and a core set of common values. As
political parties benefit from a political identity of this kind, since it makes for very loyal and reliable voters, parties seek to cultivate
partisan loyalty among their members.
2. Race and Identity
Political identity can also be shaped by race. For example, in the U.S., prior to the passage of the
13th Amendment, race determined whether a human being could legally be another's property. Until the dismantlement of legal
segregation in the 1950s and ‘60s, race often determined whether citizens could vote, with whom they could associate, where they went to
school and other fundamental aspects of life. Moreover, between 1924 and 1965, race determined who was and was not eligible to
immigrate to the United States.
3. Class and Identity
Another possible factor that shapes political identity can be economic class. People’s interests, outlooks, and life prospects are frequently
conditioned by their economic circumstances. For instance, factory workers may be very different from one another in a variety of ways,
yet they share a very basic set of common experiences that comes from their shared condition as factory workers. As workers, they have
in common a set of interests, hardships, and goals. The same is true of hedge fund managers, farm laborers, nurses, high school teachers,
and university professors.
4. Colonialism and Identity
Many colonial societies operated by distinguishing the identities of “native subjects,” who enjoyed fewer rights and liberties than
European “settlers.” Sometimes this identity was race-based, such as in Belgian Rwanda. Often, as in British India and French Algeria,
colonists used their ideas of custom and culture as a basis for distinguishing “the native” as a kind of political identity and subject that
required European governance.

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Understanding

Culture, Society, and Politics

What I Need to Know

Lesson1Articulation of Cultural Variation, Social Differences, and Political Identities

What’s In Activity: Where it fits?

Gender exceptionality socio-economic status

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