Comparative Study of Hindi and Punjabi Language SC
Comparative Study of Hindi and Punjabi Language SC
Comparative Study of Hindi and Punjabi Language SC
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Abstract:
1 Introduction:
2 Writing System:
4 Consonants:
There are thirty three basic consonantal signs in Devanagari
script and thirty five in Gurmukhi script which are as follows.
In the following table, the correspondence between basic
consonants in both the scripts are presented in Table 1 below:
Devanagari क ख ग घ ङ
Gurmukhi ਕ ਖ ਗ ਘ ਙ
Devanagari च छ ज झ ञ
Gurmukhi ਚ ਛ ਜ ਝ ਞ
Devanagari त थ द ध न
Gurmukhi ਤ ਥ ਦ ਧ ਨ
Devanagari ट ठ ड ढ ण
Gurmukhi ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ
Devanagari प फ ब भ म
Gurmukhi ਪ ਫ ਬ ਭ ਮ
Devanagari य र ल व
Gurmukhi ਯ ਰ ਲ ਵ
Devanagari श ष स ह
Gurmukhi ∗ਸ਼ ਸ ਹ
Devanagari ∗∗ड़ ∗∗उ ∗∗अ ∗∗इ − ए
Gurmukhi ੜ ੳ ਅ ੲ
Devanagari ौ ऽ
(ज ् + ञ) (क् + श) (श ् + र) (त ् + र)
***Gurmukhi ਿਗਅ ਕਸ਼ ਸ਼ ਤਰ
Table 3
Devanagari क़ ख़ ग़ ज़ फ़ ढ़ श/ −−−
ष
Gurmukhi −−−− ਖ਼ ਗ਼ ਜ਼ ਫ਼ ੜ ਸ਼ ਲ਼
( + ਹ)
Table 4
5 Vowels:
Both the Scripts possess two different forms for each of the
vowels- Full form and short form.
Table 5
Devanagari Gurmukhi
Short Form Full Form Short Form Full Form
No Sign अ No Sign ਅ
◌ा आ ◌ਾ ਆ
ि◌ इ ਿ◌ ਇ
◌ੀ ई ◌ੀ ਈ
◌ु उ ◌ੁ ਉ
◌ू ऊ ◌ੂ ਊ
◌े ए ◌ੇ ਏ
◌ै ऐ ◌ੈ ਐ
◌ो ओ ◌ੋ ਓ
◌ौ औ ◌ੌ ਔ
◌ं --- ◌ਂ / ◌ੰ ---
◌ँ --- ◌ਂ / ◌ੰ ---
Conjunct --- ◌ੱ ---
◌ृ --- ऋ ----
5.3 Inherent a :
One vowel, ‘a’ has no special short form. The absence of a
matra adjacent to a consonant suffices to indicate the presence
of this vowel. At the end of a word, the inherent ‘a’ is not
normally vocalized.
7 Abbreviation :
Table 6
Devanagari Gurmukhi
० ੦
१ ੧
२ ੨
३ ੩
४ ੪
५ ੫
६ ੬
७ ੭
८ ੮
९ ੯
9 Alphabetic Order:
10 Conclusion:
11 Future Works
Researchers working in this field can use this comparison in
machine translation system development. Moreover this work
can be extended to comparison of Hindi and Punjabi word
inflections. Even this work can be taken as basis for
comparing the speech system of Hindi and Punjabi and other
similar languages.
References:
Web References:
http://www.hindisociety.com/ArticleHindiHistory.htm
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/devanagari.htm
http://www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Gurmukhi_s
cript/
http://www.punjabilok.com/heritage/punjabi_language.htm
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/definition.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari
http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Devangar_-
_Origins/id/1288685
http://sikhiwiki.com/index.php/Punjabi_Lessons