Information Sheet Pr-5.1-1 "Different Levels of Tourism Planning"

Unit Identify Different Levels of Tourism Planning
Module Identify Different Levels of Tourism Planning Page |1

TPC5-TPPD Tourism Planning Policy and Development Units: 3.0
INFORMATION SHEET PR-5.1-1

“Different Levels of Tourism Planning”
Lesson Objectives:
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Explain what is tourism policy and planning
2. Identify components of tourism
3. Understand different levels of tourism planning
Tourism policy and planning is a very complex issue involving a number of stakeholders and
bodies. Research in this area can often be overwhelming and confusing for the untrained eye.
What is tourism policy and planning?
These two terms are largely interchangeable. Tourism policy can be defined as;
‘ A set of rules, regulations, guidelines, directives, and development/promotion objectives and strategies
that provide framework within which the collective, as well as individual decisions directly affecting long-
term tourism development and the daily activities within a destination are taken’
Planning can be defined as;

‘the process of making decisions for the future, and not simply the physical preparation of a
‘plan’. Planning involves implementing decisions and monitoring the outcomes.’
PREPARED BY: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION:

MODULE 5th
PRELIM
5 Meeting MS. JANINE S. HUMANG-IT MR. WILBERT A. MAÑUSCA
Subject Teacher School Administrator
Levels of Tourism Planning
Tourism policy and planning takes place on different levels. This can take a top-down approach,
for example by international or national bodies, or a bottom-up approach, from a local level.
1. International tourism planning
At the international level tourism planning typically involves; international transportation

services; the movement and scheduling of the tours of tourists among different countries; the
development of major tourist attractions and facilities in neighbouring countries and the working
strategies and promotional programs of many countries.
Examples of international level participation groups include:
 International Government and Intra-government Org’s: World Tourism Organisation;

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
 International Producer Organisations: World Travel and Tourism Council
 International Non-Producer Organisations: Tourism Concern; World Wildlife Fund (WWF);
Greenpeace;
 International Single Interest Organisations: World Congress Against the Commercial Sexual
Exploitation of Children
The following organisations will consider similar issues, but not limited by the concerns or boundaries of
a single nation. Decisions and influences from this level can be significant for tourism at a national and
local level
 European Union
 of Caribbean States (ACS)
 The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
 The South Pacific Tourism Organization (SPTO)

MODULE 5th
PRELIM
 The “Tourism Program” of the Organization of American States (OAS)

2. National tourism planning
The national level of tourism planning is concerned with: tourism policy; infrastructure facilities
and a physical structure plan which includes important tourist attractions, selected tourism
development regions, international entry points, facilities, and services. It is also concerned with: the
amount, kinds, and quality of accommodation and other required tourist facilities and services; the
important tour routes in the country and their regional connections; tourism organisational entitles,
laws and investment policies; tourism marketing strategies and promotion; education and training
programs and environmental, economic, and socio-cultural analysis.
Examples of national level participation groups include:
 National Government and Intra-government Organisations- e.g. Visit Britain, Tourism New

Zealand
 National Producer Organisations- e.g. Visit Scotland, ABTA, The Association of Independent Tour
Operators (AITO)
 National Non-Producer Organisations- e.g. National Trust; The British Association for Nature
Conservationists
 National Single Interest Organisations- e.g. The Wilderness Society; Society for the Protection of
Birds

3. Regional tourism planning
Regional planning looks at aspects including; regional policy: regional entry points and
transportation facilities and services; kinds of tourist attractions and their locations; the amount, kinds,
and location of tourist accommodation and other tourist facilities, and services and location of tourist
development areas including resort areas.
In addition, they will manage: socio-cultural, environmental, economic, and impact analysis’s; education
and training programs on the regional level; marketing techniques and promotion; organisational
establishments, laws, regulations and investment policies and implementation methods which include
project plans and regional zoning regulations.
Examples of regional level participation groups include:
 Regional Government and Intra-government Organisations– g. Caricom, Organisation of

Eastern Caribbean States (OECS)
 Regional Producer Organisations– e.Caribbean Hotel & Tourism Association
 Regional Non-Producer Organisations– e.g. European Environmental Bureau (EEB), Regional
Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe
 Regional Single Interest Organisations- e.g. Coastwatch Europe, Climate Action Network Europe
4. Local tourism planning
MODULE 5th
PRELIM
Local level participants will consider tourism planning goals/objectives, analysis, plan
preparation, outputs, outcomes, and evaluation at grass roots level.
Examples of local level participation groups include:
 Local Government and Intra-government Organisations- e.g. local government involvement in

leisure and tourism provision, e.g. Visit Cornwall, Tourism South East
 Local Producer Organisations- e.g. local chambers of commerce and industry associations; local
sporting clubs and private sport and leisure centres
 Local Non-Producer Organisations- e.g. ratepayers and resident associations,
 Single Interest Organisation – e.g. organisations such as ‘friends of a park’ or a group which has
been formed in order to prevent particular developments such as a hotel or airport
The approach and implementation of tourism policy and planning differs considerably between
destinations. It may, for example, be well organised and regulated in a developed country (or even over-
regulated in some cases), and less resourced in developing countries.

MODULE 5th
PRELIM

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Unit Identify Different Levels of Tourism Planning

Module Identify Different Levels of Tourism Planning Page |1

INFORMATION SHEET PR-5.1-1

What is tourism policy and planning?

Planning can be defined as;

PREPARED BY: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION:

Levels of Tourism Planning

1. International tourism planning

At the international level tourism planning typically involves; international transportation

Examples of international level participation groups include:

 International Government and Intra-government Org’s: World Tourism Organisation;

PREPARED BY: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION:

 The “Tourism Program” of the Organization of American States (OAS)

2. National tourism planning

Examples of national level participation groups include:

 National Government and Intra-government Organisations- e.g. Visit Britain, Tourism New

3. Regional tourism planning

Examples of regional level participation groups include:

 Regional Government and Intra-government Organisations– g. Caricom, Organisation of

Examples of local level participation groups include:

 Local Government and Intra-government Organisations- e.g. local government involvement in

PREPARED BY: APPROVED FOR IMPLEMENTATION:

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