COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM & HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

NAME OF THE Bachelor of Science in Tourism Management

PROGRAM
COURSE TITLE Tourism Policy and Planning COURSE CODE TM 1A7
PREREQUISITE/ CO- None COURSE UNIT 3 units
REQUISITE
COURSE OUTCOME CO1: Recognize and acquire knowledge about the chain of
tourism in the process of tourism existence.
MODULE 1
LESSON LEARNING a. Discuss knowledge on tourism industry , local tourism
OUTCOME/S destinations and services

b. Distinguish characteristics and planning implications,

benefits and factors.
TOPICS a. Tourism chain and history of Tourism
b. Understanding motivation in tourism
c. Tourism Characteristics and Planning Implications
d. Benefits and Factors of/to Tourism Planning

WEEK / INCLUSIVE 1-3

DATE August 15, 2022 to September 2, 2022
MODALITY Synchronous, Asynchronous (MS Teams) and, on ground
meetings

▪ LESSON PROPER

An introduction to Tourism Planning

TOURISM- the travel for recreational, leisure, family or business purposes, usually of a limited
duration. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to
travel to another location within the same country.
TOURISM PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
• Planning is a dynamic process of determining goals, systematically selecting alternative
courses of actions to achieve those goals, implementing the chosen alternatives, and evaluating
the choice to determine if it is successful.

WHAT IS TOURISM PLANNING?

- Tourism planning is the process of considering the needs of people planning a trip and
using those factors to determine the best resources, programs and activities for their
trip. Tourism planning is intended for local residents and businesses of the location, as
well as tourists who travel there.

ESSENCE OF TOURISM PLANNING

-Tourism planning involves the coordination with other government agencies to
improve tourism-related infrastructure. The planning also extends to participation of
the private sector, the hotels and restaurants, travel transport, and even popular outlets
(like Jollibee) that can help as information centers (in the absence of actual tourist
information centers.

. What are the consequences of having a lack of tourism planning or poor tourism
planning?
 COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM & HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

The consequences of having a lack of tourism planning or poor tourism planning is that
the tourism industry is unorganized, the tourist does not take the opportunity to travel,
the numbers of tourists decrease. and profits decrease.
A. PHYSICAL IMPACTS
• Damage or permanent alteration of the physical environment
• Damage or permanent alteration of the historical/cultural landmarks and
resources
• Overcrowding and congestion
• Pollution
• Traffic problems
B. HUMAN IMPACTS
• Less accessibility to services and tourist attractions for local residents resulting
in local resentment
• Dislike of tourist by local residents
• Loss of cultural identities
• Lack of education of tourism employees in skills and hospitality
• Lack of awareness of the benefits of tourism to the destination area.
C. MARKETING IMPACTS
• Failure to capitalize on new marketing opportunities.
• Erosion of market shares due to the actions of competitive destination area.
• Lack of sufficient awareness in prime markets
• Lack of clear image of destination area in potential markets.
• Lack of cooperative advertising among individual operators
• Inadequate capitalization in packaging opportunities.
D. ORGANIZATIONAL IMPACTS
• Fragmental approach to the marketing and development of tourism, often
involving “competitive splinter groups”.
• Lack of cooperation among individual operators.
• Inadequate representation of the tourism industry’s interests.
• Lack of support from local public authorities.
• Failure to act on important issues, problems and opportunities of common
interest to the industry.
E. OTHER IMPACTS
• Lack of sufficient attractions and events.
• High seasonality and short lengths of stay.
• Poor or deteriorating quality of facilities and services.
• Poor or inadequate travel information services.

. Different Perspective and Approaches in Tourism Planning and Development.

TOURISM PLANNING IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

• In general planning for tourists is less difficult in developed countries than it is in
developing ones.
• Planning is important and should provide a quality environment for both tourists and
residents.
• The planning process for tourism development is the same as in city or regional
planning. Most problems involve policy decisions on alternative land uses for the health
and welfare of the citizens.
 COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM & HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

• In countries with less control over the economic sector, guidelines and ordinances can
restrict private development to prescribed areas, while in others, all development can
be directed by the central government.
• Target countries or states can be identified as potential tourist generators through
research and market analysis.
Proper planning includes government assistance in direct advertising to attract tourist.
• In developed countries, planning and construction of infrastructure facilities is a must
particularly in areas that do not have them. For regions that have existing
infrastructure, the planning process should include alternatives to improve or further
develop it.

TOURISM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

• Tourism is important in bringing the much-needed foreign currency for developing
countries. Mexico and Spain for example have benefited very much from tourism.
• Other advantages are increased employment opportunities and the development of
infrastructure. Roads, water and sewage systems provided for tourists also help local
industries.

General Concepts of Planning

, in its broadest definition is organizing the future to achieve certain objective. Planning
is carried out at all levels from individuals planning their everyday activities and
personal lives to formalized comprehensive national and regional planning undertaken
by some governments.

Tourism Policy
Set of rules, regulations, guidelines, directive, and development or promotion objectives
and strategies that provide framework within which the collective, as well as individual
decision directly affecting long-term tourism development and daily activities within a
destination are taken. Tourism policy is one of the primary bases of tourism planning,
along with national, local development plans, land use plans, natural and cultural assets
of the place, environmental policy, cultural policy, foreign policy and express national
or local needs. he output of the tourism planning process is the tourism plan
.
Tourism planning
is the process of gathering and evaluating information to identify and prioritize the
current tourism development issues, imagining a desired future state of tourism in the
destination, and choosing from a number of alternatives for achieving them. in technical
terms, this process involve institutional analysis of vision, goals, mission, and objectives
Vision
is the desires future state of the destination.

Goals
are broad-based targets for tourism.

Objectives
are targets that are specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound.

Strategies
are the method which objectives will be achieved.

 COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM & HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

Levels of Tourism Planning

There are various levels to tourism planning, these are international

Planning
is concerned mostly with international transportation services, the ow and tour
programming of tourists among different countries, complementary development of
major attraction features and facilities in nearby countries, and multi-country
marketing,
and cooperative activities generally take place at the international level through
international organizations.%.
national

Planning
is focused on several elements like tourism policy, aphysical structure plan, other major
infrastructure, major tour routes inthe country and their regional connections, tourism
organizationalstructures, legislation and investment policies, tourism
marketingstrategies and promotional programs, education and training
programs,facility development and design standards, sociocultural environmental,and
economic considerations and impact analysis, and, nationalimplementation
techni/ues.&.

Regional level of tourism planning is for one region of a country, often a state of
province, or perhaps an island group, and formulated within the framework of the
national tourism policy and plan.

Provincial Planning
is a more specifc planning than the regional level but not as detailed as city or
municipal planning or site level planning.

Municipality Planning
2.
Site level

Tourism Planning
is a very specific planning for individual buildings or complexes of buildings such as
hotels, commercial centers, and visitor facilities.

Other Dimensions of Tourism Planning Time frame

All plans are future-oriented and these plans may be short-, medium, or long-term.
Short-term usually means two years or less in the future, medium-term is two to five
years, and long term as five years and up.

Scope of tourism plan may be comprehensive in scope, or focused

on one or just few aspects of tourism planning. 3 comprehensive tourism plan is also
known as Master Plan

master plan is actually composed of smaller plans. Tourism plan may also concentrate
on just one or two specific components.
Spatial units
 COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM & HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

the space covered in tourism planning is called a tourism development unit. These are
the following spatial concepts.
•
Tourist site
is an area that contain one or more tourist attractions. 3
tourist attraction

is a place of interest where tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited natural or
cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, offering leisure, adventure
and amusement.
•
Tourism Development

Area
is an area designated for possessing an important site or groups of tourist site. 3 town
or city that has one or more tourist sites or more than one town or city can be
considered as

Tourism cluster
is composed of two or more .

Tourism Circuit
is defined as route involving at least three major tourist destinations which are located
in different town, villages or cities and the destinations share common characteristics or
themes.
•
Tourism corridor
a route defined by a theme spanning several countries or even continents.
Tourism Characteristics and their Planning implications
•
Tourism is a composite product and comprised of goods and services that are provided
by entities in the tourism value chain. thus, one of the rationales for tourism planning is
to identify, organize, and integrate entities along the tourism value chain to ensure the
delivery of consistency and high /quality tourist experiences.

tourist destinations are intangible and as a tourism planner, you should incorporate
strategies for managing expectations and maximizing visitor satisfaction.
•
Tourism destinations have long gestation periods. the tourism plan must cover long-
term horizon, and tourism entities should give it their enduring commitment.
•
ourism is very capital intensive. 6our plan must be able to presentrealistic estimates
of the nancial re/uirements. 7easibility studies canhelp potential investors to rm up
their decisions whether to venture ornot.
•
8ature and culture are tourism9s main assets. :hile it is true that theyare free, they are
also nite.
•
tourism is subject to external forces that are largely uncontrollable.
•
 COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM & HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

tourism exerts impacts on the environment, culture, and economy of destinations.

Planners must help avoid undesirable changes by drawing up precautionary measures
at the earliest stage of tourism development.
•
Tourism is a highly dynamic and competitive industry. Planners must devise
competitive strategies and collaboration strategies at the same time.
•
Planners should not devise stakeholders such as the local community, tourism
association, donor agencies, government such as, indigenous people and already
existing tourism business.
Benefits of Tourism Planning
•
Planning forces us to focus on the task at hand and to think critically.
•
Planning prevents waste of time, money, and effort.
•
Planning helps avoid mistakes that can lead to irreparable change to destinations.
•
Participatory tourism planning also contributes to the development of social capital by
building trust and support among the carious stakeholders in a destination

▪ ACTIVITY/ EXERCISE/ ASSIGNMENT

Interactive discussion
(via Zoom or Google
Meet)
Video presentation

Small group discussion

Online research

▪ EQUIPMENT OR MATERIALS TO BE USED (for Face-to-face)

▪ 1. Laptop, Multi Media, Celphone

▪ PRACTICAL EXERCISES (for Face-to-face)

Preliminary Examination
SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS:

Videos- Follow the video

Watch: 1. https://www.slideshare.net/MikeOdias/tourism-planning-and-
development-introduction
 COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM & HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT

REFERENCES:

Cruz, Zenaida L. (2015). Tourism planning and development (second edition).

Mandaluyong City: National Book Store.