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    Answer To Exercise 01

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    张晓亮
    This document contains 14 Sanskrit sentences with translations into English. The sentences cover various Buddhist concepts such as saṃsāra (cycle of rebirth), anitya (impermanence), the Buddha, disciples of the Buddha, and the saṅgha or Buddhist community. Each Sanskrit sentence is followed by its English translation to help with learning Sanskrit grammar and vocabulary in a Buddhist context.

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    Answer To Exercise 01

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    张晓亮
    74 views15 pages
    This document contains 14 Sanskrit sentences with translations into English. The sentences cover various Buddhist concepts such as saṃsāra (cycle of rebirth), anitya (impermanence), the Buddha, disciples of the Buddha, and the saṅgha or Buddhist community. Each Sanskrit sentence is followed by its English translation to help with learning Sanskrit grammar and vocabulary in a Buddhist context.

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    Answer to exercise 01

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    This document contains 14 Sanskrit sentences with translations into English. The sentences cover various Buddhist concepts such as saṃsāra (cycle of rebirth), anitya (impermanence), the Buddha, disciples of the Buddha, and the saṅgha or Buddhist community. Each Sanskrit sentence is followed by its English translation to help with learning Sanskrit grammar and vocabulary in a Buddhist context.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    74 views15 pages

    Answer To Exercise 01

    Uploaded by

    张晓亮
    This document contains 14 Sanskrit sentences with translations into English. The sentences cover various Buddhist concepts such as saṃsāra (cycle of rebirth), anitya (impermanence), the Buddha, disciples of the Buddha, and the saṅgha or Buddhist community. Each Sanskrit sentence is followed by its English translation to help with learning Sanskrit grammar and vocabulary in a Buddhist context.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    MABS 68 I Reading in Buddhist

    Sanskrit Texts I: Grammatical


    Foundation
    Lesson 01: Exercise
    18/09/2021
    Translate into English
    1. saṃsāraḥ duḥkhaḥ |
    (nom,m,sg) (nom,m,sg)

    = The cycle of births and deaths is unsatisfactory/suffering.

    saṃsāraḥ (m) !"﹐#$ cycle of births and deaths


    duḥkha (adj) % painful, sorrowful, unsatisfactory
    2. skandhāḥ svabhāva-śūnyāḥ |
    (nom,m,pl) ( nom,m,pl )

    = Aggregates are intrinsically empty (/empty of self-nature).

    skandhaḥ (m) &,' aggregate, heap


    svabhāvaḥ (m) 自性 self-nature, intrinsic nature
    śūnya (adj) 空 empty
    svabhāva-śūnya (adj) intrinsically empty
    3. anityāḥ vata saṃskārāḥ |
    (nom,m,pl)(indec) (nom,m,pl)

    = The conditioning forces are indeed impermanent.

    anitya (adj) () impermanent


    vata (= bata) (ind) indeed, verily
    saṃskārāḥ (m; pl) * the conditionings, conditioning forces
    4. śabdaḥ anityaḥ | ghaṭavat |
    (nom,m,sg)(nom,m,sg) (indec)

    = Sound is impermanent like a pot/vase.

    śabdaḥ (m) + sound


    anitya (adj) () impermanent
    ghaṭaḥ (m) , vase, pot
    -vat (ind) like (X-vat ‘like X’)
    5. buddhānām utpādaḥ sukhaḥ |
    (gen,m,pl) (nom,m,sg) (nom,m,sg)

    = Arising of Buddhas is happy.

    buddhaḥ (m) -,./ Enlightened One


    utpādaḥ (m) 生,起,出世,出現 arising, coming up/out
    sukha (adj) 樂 happy
    6. buddhasya gambhīraḥ dharmaḥ |
    (gen,m,sg) (nom,m,sg) (nom,m,sg)

    = The Buddha's profound doctrine (/The profound doctrine of the Buddha).

    buddhaḥ (m) 佛,覺者 Enlightened One


    gambhīra (adj) 深,甚深 profound
    dharmaḥ (m) 法 (numerous meanings) doctrine, factors of existence, truth, virtue, etc.
    7. buddhānām āveṇikāḥ guṇāḥ |
    (gen,m,pl) (nom,m,pl) (nom,m,pl)

    = The unique qualities of the Buddhas.

    buddhaḥ (m) 佛,覺者 Enlightened One


    āveṇika (adj) 不共 unique, unshared
    guṇaḥ (m) 德 virtue, quality
    8. loke manuṣyāḥ |
    (loc,m,sg) (nom,m,pl)

    = People in the world.

    lokaḥ (m) 世間 world


    manuṣyaḥ (m) 人 human being
    9. buddhaḥ saṅghe |
    (nom,m,sg) (loc,m,sg)

    = The Buddha/Enlightened One is in the Saṅgha/assembly.

    buddhaḥ (m) 佛,覺者 Enlightened One


    saṅghaḥ (/saṃghaḥ) (m) 僧伽,僧,(和合)眾 the saṅgha, assembly, multitude
    10. tathāgatānām dharme prasādaḥ |
    ( gen,m,pl ) (loc,m,sg) (nom,m,sg)

    = Deep conviction with regard to the doctrine of the Tathāgatas.

    tathāgataḥ (m) 如來 ‘Thus Gone/Come One.’ An epithet for the Buddha


    dharmaḥ (m) 法 (numerous meanings) doctrine, factors of existence, truth, virtue, etc.
    prasādaḥ (m) 淨信 deep conviction
    11. buddhaḥ anāthapiṇḍadasya ārāme |
    (nom,m,sg) ( gen,m,sg ) (loc,m,sg)

    = The Buddha/Enlightened One is in the monastery (/pleasure park) of Anātha-


    piṇḍada.

    buddhaḥ (m) 佛,覺者 Enlightened One


    anātha-piṇḍadaḥ (m) 給孤獨(長者) name of a wealthy merchant who became a close devotee of the Buddha
    ārāmaḥ (m) 園,園林 pleasure park, monastery
    12. ekasmin loke na dvau buddhau |
    (loc,sg;adv)(loc,m,sg)(indec) (nom,m,du) (nom,m,du)

    = There are no two Buddhas in a world.

    eka (adj) one, single (in loc: ekasmin)


    lokaḥ (m) 世間 world
    na (ind) negative particle (‘not’)
    dva (original stem of dvi) (adj) two, both; dvau (du,m,nom) two
    buddhaḥ (m) 佛,覺者 Enlightened One
    13. śāriputra-maudgalyāyanau buddhasya agrau śrāvakau |
    ( nom,m,du ) ( gen,m,sg ) (nom,m,du) (nom,m,du)

    = Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana are the two chief


    (/foremost/highest/best/supreme) disciples of the Buddha.

    Śāriputraḥ (m) 舍利子, 舍利弗 name of a chief disciple of the Buddha, foremost in wisdom
    Maudgalyāyanaḥ (m) 目楗連 name of a chief disciple of the Buddha, foremost in psychic powers
    buddhaḥ (m) 佛,覺者 Enlightened One
    agra (adj) 勝,頂,第 foremost, highest, best, chief, supreme
    śrāvakaḥ (m) 聲聞,弟子 ‘listener,’ disciple
    14. dvayoḥ pakṣayoḥ saṅghaḥ |
    (gen,m,dul) (gen,m,dul) (nom,m,sg)

    = The saṅgha is of two parts.

    dva (original stem of dvi) (adj) two, both; dvayoḥ (du,m,gen) of the two
    pakṣaḥ (m) a side, party, faction, etc.
    saṅghaḥ (/saṃghaḥ) (m) 僧伽,僧,(和合)眾 the saṅgha, assembly, multitude

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