A

PROJECT ON TEAMWORK

SUBMITTED TO

SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT OF

BACHLOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

SUBMITTED BY

SANSKRUTI PRASHANT BALAPURE

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

PROF. VINITA KUYATE

K.K.WAGH ARTS, COMMERCE, SCIENCE AND COMPUTER SCIENCE

YEAR- 2021-2022
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, Mr. / Miss Sanskruti Balapure of K.K.WAGH College of

Arts,

Commerce, Science and Computer Science Roll NO. 07 has satisfactorily

completed the

project report on “TEAM WORK” as per the guidelines of the syllabus laid by the
Savitribai

Phule Pune University during the academic year 2021-2022.

Prof. Vinita Kuyate Prof. Supriya Daware A.P. Rajput

Project Guide H.O.D Principal

 INDEX

SR. TOPIC PG.

NO. NO.

1. INTRODUCTION 4

2. TEAMEORK PROCESSES 5 to
8
3. TRAINING TO IMPROVE TEAMWORK 9 to
10
4. ENHANCING TEAMWORK 11

5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES 12to

13
6. TEAM ROLE 14
to
15
7. IMPORTANCE OF TEAMWORK 16

8. CONCLUSION 17
 INTRODUCTION

Teamwork is the collaborative effort of a group to achieve a common goal or to

complete a task in the most effective and efficient way. This concept is seen within
the greater framework of a team, which is a group of interdependent individuals
who work together towards a common goal.The four key characteristics of a team
include a shared goal, interdependence, boundedness and stability, the ability to
manage their own work and internal process, and operate in a bigger social system.
Basic requirements for effective teamwork are an adequate team size. The context
is important, and team sizes can vary depending upon the objective. A team must
include at least 2 or more members, and most teams range in size from 2 to 100.
Sports teams generally have fixed sizes based upon set rules, and work teams may
change in size depending upon the phase and complexity of the objective. Teams
need to be able to leverage resources to be productive (i.e. playing fields or
meeting spaces, scheduled times for planning, guidance from coaches or
supervisors, support from the organization, etc.), and clearly defined roles within
the team in order for everyone to have a clear purpose. Teamwork is present in any
context where a group of people are working together to achieve a common goal.
These contexts include an industrial organization (formal work teams), athletics
(sports teams), a school (classmates working on a project), and the healthcare
system (operating room teams). In each of these settings, the level of teamwork
and interdependence can vary from low (e.g. golf, track and field), to intermediate
(e.g. baseball, football), to high (e.g. basketball, soccer), depending on the amount
of communication, interaction, and collaboration present between team members.
E. g. Team work coordinates the work as early as possible.
 TEAMWORK PROCESSES

1. Transition processes

2. Action processes

3. Interpersonal processes
1. Transition processes

These processes occur between periods of action. In this period,

the team members can evaluate their overall performance as a team
as well as on an individual level, give feedback to each other, make
clarifications about the upcoming tasks, and make any changes that
would improve the process of collaborating.

 Task Analysis

 Goal Specification

 Strategy Formulation

 Result oriented group

2. Action processes
These processes take place when the team steps to accomplish its goals
and objectives. In this stage, team members keep each other informed
about their progress and their responsibilities, while helping one another
with certain tasks. Feedback and collaborative work continues to exist in
high levels throughout this process.
• Monitoring progress toward goals
• Systems Monitoring
• Team Monitoring and Backup Behavior
• Coordination

3. Interpersonal processes
These processes are present in both action periods and transition periods,
and occur between team members. This is a continuous process, in
which team members must communicate any thoughts and/or feelings
concerning either another team member or a manner in which a task is
being performed. Furthermore, team members encourage and support
each other on their individual tasks.
• Conflict management
• Motivation and Confidence building
• Affect Management
Teamwork performance generally improves when a team passes through
these processes, since processes like these enhance coordination and
communication between the team members and therefore increase
teamwork and collaborative work.

TRAINING TO IMPROVE TEAMWAORK

Overall, teamwork and performance can be enhanced through specific training that
targets the individual team members and the team as a whole. Bruce Tuckman
proposed a team developmental model that separated the stages of a team's lifespan
and the level of teamwork for each stage:

1. Forming

o This stage is described by approach/avoidance issues, as well as

internal conflicts about being independent vs. wanting to be a part of
the team.

o Team members usually tend to 'play it safe' and minimize their risk
taking in case something goes wrong.

o Teamwork in this stage is at its lowest levels.

2. Storming

o The second stage is characterized by a competition for power and

authority, which is the source of most of the conflicts and doubts
about the success of the team.

o If teamwork is low in this stage, it is very unlikely that the team will
get past their conflicts. If there is a high degree of teamwork and
willingness to collaborate, then the team might have a brighter future.

3. Norming

o The third stage is characterized by increasing levels of solidarity,

interdependence, and cohesiveness, while simultaneously making an
effort to adjust to the team environment.

o This stage shows much higher levels of teamwork that make it easier
for the above characteristics to occur.

4. Performing

o This final stage of team development includes a comfortable

environment in which team members are effectively completing tasks
in an interdependent and cohesive manner.
o This stage is characterized by the highest levels of comfort, success,
interdependence, and maturity, and therefore includes the highest
levels of teamwork.

ENHANCING TEAMWORK
A manner in which organizational psychologists measure teamwork is through the
Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSA) Teamwork Test. The KSA Teamwork Test
was developed by Michael Stevens and Michael Campion in 1994 and it assesses
the knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) of people wanting to join a team.
Specifically, the KSA is a 35-item test that is designed to measure 14 individual
KSA requirements for teamwork, especially within formal teams (i.e. those with
per-designated tasks), since self-managing teams have a need for high levels of
teamwork. Overall, the KSA is separated into two main categories: The
Interpersonal KSAs that contain items such as Conflict Resolution and
Communication, and the Self-Management KSAs that include items such as Goal
Setting and Task Coordination. The fact that the KSA focuses on team-oriented
situations and on knowledge of appropriate behaviors instead of personality
characteristics makes the test appropriate to assess teamwork and team-specific
behavior. Furthermore, it makes it appropriate for organizations to figure out their
personnel's level of teamwork, and ways in which they can improve their
teamwork and communication skills.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES:-
 Problem solving: A group of people can bring together various perspectives and combine
views and opinions to rapidly and effectively solve an issue. Due to the team's culture, each
team member has a responsibility to contribute equally and offer their unique perspective on
a problem to arrive at the best possible solution. Overall, teamwork can lead to better
decisions, products, or services. The effectiveness of teamwork depends on the following six
components of collaboration among team members: communication, coordination, balance
of member contributions, mutual support, effort, and cohesion.

 Healthy competition: A healthy competition in groups can be used to motivate individuals

and help the team excel.

 Relationship development: A team that continues to work together will eventually develop
an increased level of bonding. This can help members avoid unnecessary conflicts since
they have become well acquainted with each other through teamwork. By building strong
relationships between members, team members' satisfaction with their team increases,
therefore improving both teamwork and performance.

 Individual qualities: Every team member can offer their unique knowledge and ability to
help improve other team members. Through teamwork the sharing of these qualities will
allow team members to be more productive in the future.

 Motivation: Working collaboratively can lead to increased motivation levels within a team
due to increasing accountability for individual performance. When groups are being
compared, members tend to become more ambitious to perform better. Providing groups
with a comparison standard increases their performance level thus encouraging members to
work collaboratively.
DISADVANTAGES:-
 Social loafing: This phenomenon appears when an individual working in a group places
less effort than they can towards a task. This can create an inequality between the amount of
work other individuals are placing within the team, therefore can create conflict and lead to
lower levels of performance.

 Behavioral conflicts or ingrained individualism: Employees in higher organizational levels

have adapted to their positions at the top that require more individualism, and therefore have
trouble engaging in collaborative work. This creates a more competitive environment with a
lack of communication and higher levels of conflict. This disadvantage is mostly seen
organizations that utilize teamwork in an extremely hierarchical environment.

 Individual tasks: Certain tasks do not require teamwork, and are more appropriate for
individual work. By placing a team to complete an 'individual task', there can be high levels of
conflict between members which can damage the team's dynamic and weaken their overall
performance.

 Groupthink: A psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people when conflict
is avoided and the desire for cohesiveness is greater than the desire for best decisios. When
a team is experiencing groupthink, alternative solutions will not be suggested due to fear of
rejection or disagreement within the group. Group members will measure success based on
the harmony of their group and not by the outcome of their decisions. One way to counteract
groupthink is to have members of a group be from diverse backgrounds and have different
characteristics (gender, age, nationality). Another way to avoid groupthink is to require each
member to suggest different ideas.
 TEAM ROLE
1. Coordinator

This person will have a clear view of the team objectives and will be skilled at inviting the
contribution of team members in achieving these, rather than just pushing his or her own view.
The coordinator (or chairperson) is self disciplined and applies this discipline to the team. They
are confident and mature, and will summarize the view of the group and will be prepared to take
a decision on the basis of this.

2. Shaper

The shaper is full of drive to make things happen and get things going. In doing this they are
quite happy to push their own views forward, do not mind being challenged and are always ready
to challenge others. The shaper looks for the pattern in discussions and tries to pull things
together into something feasible, which the team can then get to work on.

3. Plant

This member is the one who is most likely to come out with original ideas and challenge the
traditional way of thinking about things. Sometimes they become so imaginative and creative
that the team cannot see the relevance of what they are saying. However, without the plant to
scatter the seeds of new ideas the team will often find it difficult to make any headway. The
plant’s strength is in providing major new insights and ideas for changes in direction and not in
contributing to the detail of what needs to be done.

4. Resource investigator

The resource investigator is the group member with the strongest contacts and networks, and is
excellent at bringing in information and support from the outside. This member can be very
enthusiastic in pursuit of the team’s goals, but cannot always sustain this enthusiasm.

5. Implementer

The individual who is a company worker is well organized and effective at turning big ideas into
manageable tasks and plans that can be achieved. Such individuals are both logical and
disciplined in their approach. They are hardworking and methodical but may have some
difficulty in being flexible.

6. Team worker

The team worker is the one who is most aware of the others in the team, their needs and their
concerns. They are sensitive and supportive of other people’s efforts, and try to promote
harmony and reduce conflict. Team workers are particularly important when the team is
experiencing a stressful or difficult period.

7. Completer

As the title suggests, the completer is the one who drives the deadlines and makes sure they are
achieved. The completer usually communicates a sense of urgency, which galvanizes other team
members into action. They are conscientious and effective at checking the details, which is a
vital contribution, but sometimes get ‘bogged down’ in them.

8. Monitor evaluator

The monitor evaluator is good at seeing all the options. They have a strategic perspective and can
judge situations accurately. The monitor evaluator can be overcritical and is not usually good at
inspiring and encouraging others.

9. Specialist

This person provides specialist skills and knowledge and has a dedicated and single-minded
approach. They can adopt a very narrow perspective and sometimes fail to see the whole picture.

10. Finisher

The finisher is a person who sticks to deadline and likes to get on with things. They will
probably be irritated by the more relaxed members of the team.
 IMPORTANCE OF TEAMWORK

Teamwork has the greatest importance in any part of the world. Whether it be an
organization or a small business. Teamwork is the key to success. In our schools,
we play many sports that enlist teamwork.

Thus from our childhood only we knew about teamwork. Because our mentors
understood the importance of team work . That is the reason they always guided
us on the right path.

At last, the teamwork team generates a relationship between two people. As we all
know that human is a social being, so it is beneficial for the environment of a
person.
 CONCLUSION

 The effective teamwork in health care delivery can have an immediate and
positive impact on patient safety.
 The effective teamwork is essential for minimizing adverse events caused by
miscommunication, associated with improved and reduced medical errors.
 The teamwork can have benefits for the individual practitioners in the team
and the team as a whole, as well as the organization.
 The Characteristics of the effective team are : common purpose, Measurable
goals, Effective leadership (the key element), Effective communication.
 SBAR , Call-out , Check-back are strategies can assist tram members in
accurately sharing information.