Types of Police Patrol

The types of patrol refer to the various means of getting from one place to another in the district. None of them
are intended to isolate the patrol officers from the people they serve.

1. Foot Patrol
Its methods consist of the fixed post, line beat, and random patrol. Fixed foot patrol is usually used for traffic,
surveillance, parades and special events. Moving foot patrol is used where there is a considerable foot traffic, as in
business and shopping centers, bars, taverns, high crime areas and special hazard areas and in place where there are
many multiple family dwellings. - Foot patrol the most expensive patrol.
2. Horse Patrol
Horse may be used for certain patrol problems in jurisdiction that contain large park areas or similar places
where automobiles either cannot go or may be forbidden. Mobile patrol cars cannot be expected to race scoured fields or
wooded areas, but horse provides the best mobility in those situations.

3. Bicycle Patrol
The bicycle patrol has been used in many countries as a simple and inexpensive means of silent transportation to
carry police officers throughout their patrol districts. Bicycle may be used for routine patrol to replace or augment foot or
mobile patrol under conditions that is more practical than conventional modes of travel. - it is best replaced to foot patrol.

4. Motorcycle Patrol
Primary used for traffic control and enforcement, their speed and maneuverability make them indispensable
police vehicle. - the best to this patrol is Speed and maneuverability.
5. Bay & River Patrol

In some areas surrounded with water, including inland waterways, various types of sea or water crafts may be
commissioned for police service especially where smuggling of undocumented people becomes common.

6. Air Patrol
They are excellent for traffic control in long stretches of highways, and for search and surveillance, and
other special missions. It is useful for rescue, medical evacuation, general patrol, criminal apprehension, crime prevention
and repression, emergency transportation, surveillance and other activities.

7. Mobile Patrol
The mobile patrol is the most extensively used and the most effective means of transportation for police patrol.
Equipped with the latest kind of police gear, it provides a rapid, safe, efficient means of transportation under average
operating conditions. - Kadalsan na ginagami ng ating police officer, and naibibigay din nya ung safety ng isang police
officer. It is most extensively used and the most effective means of transportation for police patroling.

8. Fixed Surveillance
Although not a means of transportation, it must not be overlooked as a type of patrol. Usually accomplished
either in persons with the used of televisions cameras or monitors, or stop-frame photography which makes it possible for
the police to watch several locations at the same time for immediate response when necessary. Various types of listening
and viewing devices are being used to supplement routine patrol in line with the concept of pro-active patrol.
- CCTV and physical security.
Patrol Strategies in Crime Prevention

Primary Goal of Patrol - Preventing the crime and supression of the criminal.
If the police are to continue to fulfill their basic responsibilities to prevent crime and apprehend criminals, which
are the primary goals of patrol activities, then they must continue to search for new and more effective strategies.

Police department whether large or small, perform patrol functions in many different ways and through the use of
a variety of methods. No single patrol strategy will work well in all cases or in every police jurisdiction because their
choice of particular patrol strategy, or combination of strategies, to be applied will depend upon, the following:

1. The resources of the department involving men, money and property.

2. The particular crime problems, according to time and place.
3. The characteristics of the community.- kelangan mo mag lagay ng mga patrol car and personnel lalo na
kung ung lugar is madami tao.
4. The imagination and determination of the police executive and patrol officers on developing patrol
programs to meet the needs of his department and the community. - The veryy aim of patrol is to devolop
the trust and confidence of the police to the public.

While it is true that the patrol officer cannot detect the thinking desire of the criminal, yet, he can destroy the
opportunity to commit a crime by his ever presence patrol strategy – the psychological atmosphere of omni-presence.

Strategic Objectives of Omni-Presence

The patrol officer to be seen alert and on constant patrolling so as to establish a highly visible police presence,
hence, to make his presence psychologically be felt in spite of his physical absence, hereby creating:

1. A feeling of security on the part of the law abiding citizen. - it creates a feeling on the part of the law
abiding citizen.
2. A feeling of fear on the part of the would-be violator.
3. A feeling of confidence that the police are constantly available to respond to any situation at a moment’s
notice.- Ung kumpyansa ng public kahit ano mangyari anjan lagi sila para mag rescue.
An effective strategy in crime prevention work is constant and alert patrolling. The patrol function, if effectively
implemented, is the most recognizable form of police activity, furthering the community as well as being in perception.

Traditional Patrol Pattern

The traditional patrol is Foot Patrol.

In spite of a variety of other useful patrol methods introduced by progressive police organizations abroad, some of
which are applicable to suit local condition, still the traditional walking beat method is used in the country’s policing
system, because:
 1. Financial constraint.
2. Lack of interest on the part of police executives, administrators, commanders to initiate programs to
improve crime prevention techniques. - they opend neglect kung paano nila ma iimprove ung sya patroling,
kumbaga okay nayan pwede nayan.

3. The thinking of contemporary police officials are more concerned on the glamorous crime fighting rather
than crime preventing. - Re active type ang gusto ng mga bago na police saka sila pupunta pag may gulo na.

Types of Patrol Pattern

The police manual and the list of patrol beats were the bible. It must be memorized if one has to stay in the police
service. Each beats has its corresponding numbers.

1. The Clockwise Pattern

The objective of the clockwise patrol pattern at the start of the eight (8) hours tour of duty is for the patrol officer
to survey the situation and condition of the boundaries of his area of responsibility, for the next forthcoming hours,
his technique will be zigzag, counter clockwise or the straight way and criss-cross pattern. - ginagawa lang at the start of
their duty, iikutan muna nila ung kanila area. The purpose is memorize the area of responsibility and situation and know
the boundary.

2. Zigzag or Free Wheeling Pattern

This is done by patrolling the streets within the perimeter of the beats, not at random, but with a definite target
location where he knows his presence is necessary, this action is of course based on his study of the situations and
conditions of his beats. - may specific lang sila pag papatrolan.hindi lahat I cococver , ang basehan lang nilakung saan
sila magpapatrol dun sa madami tao, ung kelangan ung presence nila.

3. Straightway and Criss-cross Pattern

The straightway pattern is patrolling the length of a street, and therefore, the easiest to observe the moment of the
patrol officer. Whereas, the criss-cross is more or less similar to zig-zagging. What is important is that the moment
techniques of a patrol officer must have a purpose and objective, it is not aimless nor at random. The observation of the
patrol officer must keenly be aimed at person and things, the sources of hazards. It is the hazard which must immediately
be remedied and remove within the beat through appropriate police action. - one way lang ung beat nila , direttso lang .

4. Counter Clockwise Pattern

This technique is simply the reverse of clockwise pattern. It is done at the last eight (8) hour tour of duty in order
to ensure that nothing unusual happened in his area of responsibility. An outgoing patrol officer must not leave his beat
unless properly relieved. - after the clockwise duty , pabalik na sya.

Considerations in Designing Patrol Beats

Hereunder are some considerations in designing patrol beats:

1. The size of the area to be covered. - the wider the area the larger the personnel.
2. Natural or man-made barriers, rivers, railroad, tracks, major thoroughfares, bridges, buildings, etc. to
serve as boundaries.
3. The average work load.
 4. The number of patrol officers to be assigned at any one time.
5. Different characteristics within the area such as residential, commercial, financial, crime density, etc.

Considerations in Determining the Size of Beat

Hereunder are some considerations in determining the size of beats:
1. The type of area to be patrolled.- kelangan alam mo ung terrain.
2. The type of criminal activity that occurs in the area.-
3. The frequency of crime in the area.

Advantages of Foot Patrol

Hereunder are some of the advantages of foot patrol:
1. The foot patrol officers can provide immediate traffic control when he is needed.
2. More person-to-person contact can be made with the public. -mas dumadami ung time na maaproach mo
ung mga tao.
3. The patrol officer can actually get to know the physical layout of his beat later.- know the area, and the
street.
4. He can get to know the people on his beat better, and can develop criminal informants easier.
5. A foot patrol officer can sneak up on a situation where a patrol car is easily noticed when it approaches.-
mas makakapagtago ung mga officer at madali makahuli.
6. By use of two-way radios, the foot patrol officer can maintain communications with the station and
mobile patrol units. - mas mabilis makareport and communicate.

Foot Patrol Procedures and Techniques

Hereunder are some of the foot patrol procedures and techniques:
1. Don’t establish a set of patterns of patrol.- hindi dapat basta basta nag lalagay ng patrol, pag alam na
nila ung routine nyo mas mabilis makakilos ang perpetrator.
2. When checking doors for forced entry, use flashlights on the area around the lock to see if there are fresh
or noticeable latent prints. - kelangan may flashlights ka or gamit na pwede gamitin para makita nag
latent print.
3. When an open door is found, never enter alone.
4. At least once a night use the fire escape to check the roofs in the commercial districts for possible “cut-
through” or “roof-jobs” as they sometimes happen.
5. Since criminals need some device to assist them in gaining entry, the foot patrol officers should be very
alert for boxes, ropes and ladders that might have been used to gain access to a roof. - alert dapat mg
police officer sa mga exit at entry points.
6. At night, foot patrol officer should occasionally step into an alley or store entrance, and get out of the light
as much as possible. - kelangan nakikita ka dapat sa liwanag at dapat nasa liwanag kadin.
7. Foot-care is a prime consideration.- kelangan physically fit ung patrol officer sa paglalakad.
8. During bad weather condition, foot patrol officer must also walk his beat, taking into considerations his
state of health by having with him the necessary clothing and individual equipment.
9. A foot patrol officer should make a conscious effort to make friends on the beat, not only for good police-
community relations but to develop informants.
10. The foot patrol officer should never smoke while in uniform on the street, nor should he chew gum.
11. Use of all five (5) senses while walking the beat.- kelangan gamitin mo 5 senses mo.
12. Foot patrol officer should plan strategies before the problems takes place.
 13. Improve face-to-face interactions with the members of the community to improve rapport and encourage
cooperation among the public.

Foot Patrol Tactics and Strategies

Hereunder are some of the foot patrol tactics and strategies:

1. Patrol officer should develop a friendly attitude while on foot patrol because they perform community
relation tasks of the organization in addition to their usual patrol duties.
2. Maintaining a free flow of pedestrian traffic is just as important as keeping vehicular traffic moving.
3. When walking in the beat, patrol officer should not develop a routine but should see to it that their area is
given sufficient coverage during their tour of duty.
4. The entire of duty time of the patrol officer belongs to the organization and to the people in general, it
should therefore spend accordingly.
5. The patrol officer on beat should walk his beat from one place to another so that it will appear to the
observer that he is patrolling and not loitering.
6. Know the personalities in the area, particularly the wanted persons, known felonies, drug users and
pushers, and the business establishments which usually fall prey to armed robbery or burglary.- dapat alam nya mga
lugar para makapag provide ng effective ways to surpress criminal.

7. When patrolling at nighttime, patrol officer should always approach building with caution, always
assuming the possibility that a felon may be lurking inside. - during nighttime kelangan mo icheck ung mga building
establishment dapat kelangan mo icheck yon kung may tao ba or wala or may criminal activities.
8. In patrolling, walk close to the curb during day time and close to the building during night time. The
reason offered for this is that the objective of daytime patrol is to contact and to be seen by many people as possible and
the objective of nighttime foot patrol is to be seen by few people as possible, and to catch criminals in the act before they
are aware of police presence. - during day time dapat naka position sya sa kantohan,the visibility.
9. Patrol officer should keep in mind that police patrol means service as well as protection, they should
never hesitate therefore, whenever practicable, to offer their services in whatever way consistent with the purpose of law
enforcement. - lagi dapat isipin ng patrol offficer na ung protection para sa mga nangangailangan buwis buhay.
10. When things are slow, the patrol officer should plan strategies. - kung sakaling wala pangayayri
casualties , kelangan ng police officer na ituon ung oras nya sa mas makabuluhan bagay.

The Plainclothes or Low Visibility Patrol

Hereunder are some of the advantages of plainclothes or low visibility patrol:
1. This type of assignment is particularly effective for “saturation coverage” of high crime area. It provides
extra coverage without alarming the occupants with an unusual number of policeman. - to prevent crime and apprehend
the criminal , dito is hindi msyado lantad or bulgar para maiwasan ang takot at malarma ung mga tao nandoon.
2. For this kind of patrol, policemen should dress to fit the occasion and wear whatever clothing is the mode
of the day and fits the type of activity to be covered. - kelangan naayon ung pag suot sa occasion.
3. The purpose of this patrol is twofold, first is the gathering of information and police intelligence, and
second is to let businessmen in these areas know that the police organization is present and aware of their problems-
dapat aware ung mga patrol officer ung risk and vulnerabilty na pwede mangyari.
4. Another purpose of this group is to patrol the downtown and “skid row” areas in plain clothes to develop
informants.- kelangan naglalagi din ung mga police officer sa mga skinita or tambay para makakuha ing info.
Advantages of Mobile Patrol
Mobile patrol - speed and
Motorcyle patrol - speed and maneuverability
Hereunder are some of the advantages of mobile patrol:
1. Where speed and mobility are needed such as in large area that must be covered by few foot patrol
officers, the speed of a mobile car allows them to service the whole area and do so efficiently.
2. It is one of the best means of preventive patrol; it offers protection to the police officer, and it permits the
patrol officer to carry necessary equipment and clothing.
3. The mobile car allows patrol officer to have a partner when needed, and mobile patrol can be used as
barricades in road blocks.
4. In case of large patrol vehicle, it can be used as emergency ambulance when disaster occurs, it can carry
larger pieces of evidences.

Techniques in Mobile Patrol Operations

Hereunder are some of the techniques in mobile patrol operations:

1. Check the mobile patrol thoroughly before leaving the garage.

2. As with the foot patrol officer, the beat should not be traveled the same way each night.
3. Don’t spend too much time in drive-inns or coffee shops.
4. Do not drive too past on general patrol.
5. During the normal patrol, observe the rules of the road.
6. The license plate numbers of all strange or suspicious vehicles should be noted down.
7. Make it a habit not to leave the keys in the mobile car.
8. When working at nights, it is good idea to have small snacks.
9. Since we are creatures of habit, a patrol officer must make it a habit to use seat belts at all times.
10. The patrol officer should learn the whereabouts of all safes, safelights and outside lock of his beat.
11. A notebook or tickler should be carried at all times in the mobile car.
12. If the beat contains factories and warehouses, the mobile patrol officer should know what products they
produce or contain.
13. The mobile patrol officer must like the foot patrol officer, always be on alert for possible informants.

Strategies in Mobile Patrol Operations

Hereunder are some of the0 strategies in mobile patrol operations:

1. When on vehicle patrol, patrol officer should get away of their car frequently in order to be visible and
accessible to the public. They should never use the car in isolating themselves from the public they serve.- kelangan
lumabas kadin sa sasakyan.
2. When conducting solo patrol, frequent contact should be made with communication personnel and other
field units. When working in pairs or more, patrol officers should work as a team for purposes of field contacts, issuance
of citations, checking open doors and responding to calls for assistance. - kelangan may communications.
3. Operate the vehicle at normal speeds, consistent with traffic conditions. A patrol officer is not of value
when driving a high speed.- kelangan normal speed at sumunod sa batas trapiko.
4. Patrol the district so that vehicle will be seen by the greatest number of people, frequently turning corners
and covering the side streets as well as the main thoroughfares.
 5. Whatever patrol pattern is being used, patrollers should do it in irregular and unpredicted manner.
6. The entire district should be given ample attention with emphasis on those places that require special
attention because of high crime frequency.
7. Always assume the possibility that a crime will be committed in the most illogical places and at the most
unusual times of a day.-

Tips in Driving a Mobile Patrol Car

Hereunder are some of the tips in driving a mobile patrol car:
1. The use of seat belts/shoulder harness and the safety devices installed in the patrol car should be
habitual among patrol officers. Not only they are installed for personal safety, but of the people who have been cited for
failure to wear safety belts and children see that policeman themselves are not using it, their credibility would suffer.
2. Keep awake. Driving at nighttime and during the early morning hours often becomes monotonous. To
drive away sleepiness, the patrol officer may open the car windows for fresh air, talk out loud occasionally, move eyes
frequently while along a straight stretch of road. Stop the car once in a while, step out and flex muscles to stay awake.
3. Set an example to other motorists by obeying all traffic laws particularly the traffic lights/signals, speed
limits and the general rules of the road.
4. Patrol vehicles should always be parked in a legal manner unless an emergency condition exists. Car
keys should not be left in their ignition, since criminals are capable of resorting to anything even at the least expected.

Advantages of the Two-Man Patrol Cars

Hereunder are some of the advantages of the two-man patrol cars:
1. A two man patrol car provides the officer with a greater safety factor by doubling the firepower and the
physical protection, it prevents trouble in many case.
2. The mistake that one man makes may be caught by his partner, and vice versa.

3. One officer does not have to drive a full eight hours, and he is therefore more rested and can do a better
job.
4. Two pair of eyes are better than one.
5. One man can operate the radio while the other drives.
6. On quiet nights the driver can have someone to talk to and help keep him awake.

Advantages of One Man Patrol Cars

Hereunder are some of the advantages of the one-man patrol cars:
1. The preventive enforcement is doubled by having twice as many police cars on the street.
2. When the officer is alone, he devotes his full attention to his driving and the beat rather than to the
conversation with his partner.
3. In a two man car, the officers begin to rely on each other, and a result of human error, an officer expects
support when it isn’t there.
4. In the two man car, an officer will take more chances than if they are alone.
5. Personality classes are reduced.

Common Purposes of Horse Patrol

Enumerated hereunder are some of the common purposes of horse patrol:

1. Park Patrol
 In most parks of any size, there are trails that are too narrow, steep and winding for automobile patrol, or even
jeep patrol. In parks of this sort, there is a great need for a horse patrol because of the great number of deviates who
congregates in order to pick each other up, or to molest the children who play in the park.

2. Beach Patrol
In many areas containing large beaches, it has been found that the horse patrol is quite suitable. The sand and
water make vehicle patrol difficult.

3. Posse and Search Duty

Any community that is close to, or part of a mountainous area has the problem of chasing down escaped persons
who have fled to these areas, the mounted posses is undoubtedly the best means of locating these persons when used in
conjunction with air patrol.

4. Parade and Crowd Control

Horses have been used for parade and crowd control for centuries. The height and size of horses has a strong
psychological advantage in dealing with unruly mobs.

Advantages of Air Patrol

Hereunder are some of the advantages of air patrol:

1. Increased apprehension of offenders.

2. Improved response time to emergency calls for service.

Disadvantages of Air Patrol

Hereunder are some of the disadvantages of air patrol:
1. Bad weather will ground the helicopter, and fogs and night or intermittent clouds might affect the vision.
2. This type of patrol requires special skills and training, and there is danger from high tension wires, trees
and similar objects.
3. There can be difficulty in landing urban areas, and pilots are suffering from fatigue, and must work
shorter periods of time than regular shifts.
4. Refueling problems; and special facilities are required for housing and repair.
5. There are many tactical problems to overcome such as location of police units on ground and the exact
locations or address of the police stations from the air.
6. Adverse public reaction due to fear of “spying from the sky” or just simple objection of the noise involved,
and criminals can see the helicopter coming and surprise is lost.

The Bicycle Patrol

Hereunder are some of the advantages of bicycle patrol:
1. It can cover areas that are not accessible by patrol cars, or are too widespread to be patrolled on foot.
2. It has the combined advantage of mobility and stealth because the bicycle can be operated very quietly
and without attracting attention.
3. It is found to be highly effective in combating theft, robbery, vandalism on residential areas, parks,
shopping malls.
4. It is also being effectively used by plain clothes patrol officers for surveillance in high crime areas wherein
the officers wear non-descript clothes to blend with the apparel commonly worn by criminals and hoodlums.
Bay and River Patrol
Hereunder are some of the advantages of bay and river patrol:

1. Marine or water patrol units, aside from being highly specialized form of police patrol, it is likewise
expensive to maintain,
2. The objective was to use the watercraft in the anti-smuggling operation along rivers and bays, as well as
against robberies committed on bonded warehouse located along the river bank.
3. However, because the expenses occurred in its operation and maintenance it did not compensate the
advantages, police-wise it becomes inoperative.