Comparative Police System

Definition of term p

1. Abu Sayyaf - Abu means father and sayyaf means swordsmith, is a militant Islamist
group based in and around Jolo and Basila in,Philippines.

2. Al Qaeda - literally means the base, a global militant Islamist organization founded by
Osama bin Laden, Abdullah Azzam, and several other militants.

3. Apostasy - is defined as the conscious abandonment of Islam by aMuslim in word or

through deed. It includes the act of converting to
another religion by a person who was born in a Muslim family or who had previously
accepted Islam.

4. Arvan Tavnii Tsagdaa - The National Police Agency of Mongolia. Created in 1965 and
with its headquarters in the capital Ulaanbaatar.

5. Centralized Police - A country with only one recognized police force which operates
entire that country. It uses a centralized system of policing. Philippines is an example of
centralized police because the Philippine National Police has one central office with
many regional, provincial and local branches throughout the country.

6. Decentralized police - refers to a system where police administrations and operations

are independent from one state to another. It is more applicable to countries with federal
government.

7. Alertness to crime theory - is that as a nation develops, people’s alertness to crime is

heightened, so they report more crime to police and also demand the police become
moreeffective at solving crime problems.

8. Chowkidar - in India, means one who inhabits a "chowki", police station or guard house.

9. Commissiner of Police - it is the highest police rank in hongkong

10. Economic or migration theory - is that crime everywhere is the result of unrestrained
migration and over population in urban areas such as ghettos and slums.

11. Demographic theory - is based on the event of when a greater number of children are
being born, because as these baby booms grow up, delinquent subcultures develop out
of the adolescent identity crisis. Deprivation theory holds that progress comes along with
rising expectations, and people at the bottom develop unrealistic expectations while
people at the top don’t see themselves rising fast enough.
12. Modernization theory - sees the problem as society becoming too complex.

13. Theory of anomie and synomie - (the latter being a term referring to social cohesion on
values), suggests that progressive lifestyle and norms result in the disintegration of older
norms that once held people together (anomie).
14. Criminal Intelligence Analys -it is the identification of and provision of insight into the
relationship between crime data and other potentially relevant data with a view to police
and judicial practice.

15. Chusai-san - the rural police officer in Japan.

16. Comparative Criminal Justice - it is as subfield of the study of criminal justice systems
worldwide. It studies the similarities and differences in structure, goals, punishment and
emphasis on rights as well as the history and political stature of different systems.

17. Comparative Police System - it is the science and art of investigating and comparing the
police system of nations. It covers the study of police organizations, trainings and
methods of policing of various nations.

18. Confucian thought - The belief that social order can be achieved through moral and
political reform because man is by nature good or capable of goodness.

19. Cybercrimes - are generally defined as any type of illegal activity that makes use of the
Internet, a private or public network, or an in-house computer system.

20. Cyberstalking - a technologically based attack on person because of anger, revenge, or

control.

21. Computer Fraud - altering data or gaining unlawful use of computer or services.

22. Identity Theft - using another's personal information to commit fraud or other crimes.

23. Computer Viruses - a program that copies itself and infects computer.

24. Denial of Service Attacks - making service unavailable to users.

25. Malware - malicious software that interferes with the functioning of computers and
sending data of user over the internet.

26. Information warfare - attacks on information and computer systems.

27. Drug Trafficking - Drug trafficking is the commercial exchange of drugs and drug
paraphernalia. This include any equipment used to manufactu reillegal drugs or use
them.
28. Elliniki Astynomia - is the national police service of Greece.

29. EUROPOL - It means European Police Office or Europol. Europol is the European
Union’s criminal intelligence agency. It became fully operational on July 1,1999. Europol
only acts on request at present.

30. Gendarmerie Nationale - is the national rural police force of Algeria.

31. National Gendarmerie - is a branch of the French Armed Forces, in charge of public
safety, with police duties among the civilian population.

32. Globalization - is a process of interaction and integration among the people,

companies,and government of different nations, as process driven by international trade
and investment and aided by information technology.

33. Hezbollah - literally means "Party of God", is a Shi'a Islamist militant group and political
party based in Lebanon.

34. Hongkong Police Force - It is the world's second, and Asia's first, police agency to
operate with a modern policing system.

35. Human Trafficking - the illegal movement of people, typically for the purposes of forced
labor or commercial sexual exploitation.

36. IACP - (International Association of Chiefs of Police) the world’s oldest and largest
nonprofit membership organization of police executives, with over 20,000 members in
over 80 different countries. IACP’s leadership consists of the operating chief executes of
international, federal, state and local agencies of all sizes.

37. Illegal Drug Trade - the term being used in the international scene, it is a more
comprehensive term than drug trafficking as it includes cultivation and manufacture.

38. International Crime - Defined as crimes against the peace and security of mankind.

39. International Criminal Justice - It involves the study and description of one country’s law,
criminal procedure, or justice. Comparative criminal justice system attempts to build on
the knowledge of criminal justice in one country by investigating and evaluating, in terms
of another country,culture, or institution.

40. Interpol - (International Criminal Police Organization) It began in 1923,and at the same
time its name was International Criminal Police Commission. In 1956, its name became
International Criminal Police Organization. Slowly, the name of this international
 organization became famous as Interpol. Now,Interpol is the second biggest
international organization; the United Nations is the first.

41. Jemaah Islamiyah - (Islamic Congregation) is a Southeast Asian militant Islamist terrorist
organization dedicated to the establishment of a regional Islamic caliphate in Southeast
Asia.

42. Jolly R. Bugarin - a Filipino former President of the Interpol, from 1980 to 1984. He is the
only Filipino who had achieved that feat.

43. Koban - is a small neighborhood police station found in Japan. Often translated to
English as Police Box. Koban are staffed by a relatively small number of police officers
(usually 3-5 officers).

44. Chuzaisho - (residential police box) is usually staffed by a single officer. The Chuzaisho
is typically located outside of urban districts in villages and is operated by one
community officer, who resides with his family in this police facility.

45. Hashutsusho - (police box) The Hashutsusho is typically placed in an urban district and
is operated by a number of community police officers who work under a shift system.
The community officers generally live in the jurisdiction served by the Hashutsusho

46. Model System - is used to described the countries being used as topics of
discussion.These countries are chosen not because they are greater than others but
because they are thefocus of comparison being studied.

47. Money Laundering - the concealment of the origins of illegally obtained money, typically
by means of transfers involving foreign banks or legitimate businesses.

48. Mutawa - religious police in Saudi Arabia whose duty is to ensure strict adherence to
established codes of conduct.

49. National Public Safety Commission - is the policy making and oversight body of the
national police forces in Japan and South Korea.

50. Ngā Pirihimana o Aotearoa - it literally means "the policeman", is the national police
force of New Zealand. Policing in New Zealand start edin 1840.

51. Palermo Protocols - are three protocols that were adopted by the United Nations to
supplement the 2000 Convention against Transnational

52. POLRI - (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia) Indonesian National Police.

53. Kapolri - The Chief of Police of Indonesia

54. Police Box - is a British telephone kiosk or callbox located in a public place for the use of
members of the police, or for members of the public to contact the police. Most are
disused at present with the advent of two way radio and mobile phones.

55. Polis Diraja - the Royal Malaysia police.

56. Schupo - (Schutzpolizei), the state level police of the German States.

57. Taliban - means "students", is an Islamic fundamentalist political

movement in Afghanistan.

58. Terrorism - the unofficial or unauthorized use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit
of political aims.

59. Transnational Crime - It is a term that has been used in comparative and international
criminal justice study in recent years to reflect the complexity and enormity of global
crime issues. It is defined by the United Nations (UN) offences whose inception,
proportion and/or direct or indirect effects involve in more than one country.

60. Transnational Organized Crime - involves the planning and execution of illicit business
ventures by groups or networks of individuals working in more than one country. These
criminal groups use systematic violence and corruption to achieve their goal. Crimes
commonly include money laundering; human smuggling, cyber crime, and trafficking of
humans, drugs, weapons, endangered species, body parts, or nuclear material.

61. Adversarial System - the accused is innocent until proven guilty.

62. Inquisitorial System - the accused is guilty until proven innocent.

63. Vetting - is the process of performing a background check on someone to ensure that
they are suitable for a job requiring secrecy, loyalty, or trustworthiness.

64. Russian Mafia - Around 200 Russian groups that operate in nearly 60 countries
worldwide. They have been involved in racketeering, fraud, tax evasion, gambling, drug
trafficking, ransom, robbery and murder.

65. La Cosa Nostra - Known as the Italian or Italian-American mafia. The most prominent
organized crime group in the world from the 1920’s to the 1990’s. They have been
involved in violence, arson, bombings, torture, sharking, gambling, drug trafficking,
health insurance fraud, and political and judicial corruption.

66. Opportunity theory - is that along with higher standards of living, victims become more
careless of their belongings, and opportunities for committing crime multiply.
67. Yakuza - Japanese criminal group. Often involved in multinational criminals activities,
including human trafficking, gambling, prostitution, and undermining licit businesses.

68. FukChing - Chinese organized group in the United States. They have been involved in
smuggling, street violence, and human trafficking.

69. Triads - Underground criminal societies based in Hong Kong. They control secret
markets and bus routes and are often involved in money laundering and drug trafficking.

70. Heijin - Taiwanese gangsters who are often executives in large corporations. They are
often involved in white collar crimes, such as illegal stock trading and bribery, and
sometimes run for public office.

71. Jao Pho - Organized crime group in Thailand. They are often involved in illegal political
and business activity.

72. Red Wa - Gangsters from Thailand. They are involved in manufacturing and trafficking
methamphetamine.

73. Police= The governmental department charged with the regulation and control of the
affairs of acommunity, now chiefly the department established to maintain order, enforce
the law, and prevent and detect crime.

74. COMPARATIVE= an estimate of relative likeness or unlikeness of two objects or event

75. GLOBALIZATION= package of transnational flow of people, production, investment,

information, ideas and authority.= growing interpenetration of states, markets,
communication and ideas.= The process of creating transnational markets, politics, and
legal systems in an effort to form andsustain a global

76. Common Law Systems - usually exists in English speaking countries of the world, there
is strong adversarial system and rely upon oral system of evidence in which the
publictrial is a main focal point= also known as “Anglo-American Justice”

77. Civil Law Systems = distinguished by strong inquisitorial system where less right is
grantedto theaccused and the written law is taken as gospel and subject to little
interpretation= also known as “Continental Justice or Romano-Germanic Justice”

78. Socialist System = distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate the offender.=

known as Marxist-Leninist Justiceand exist in places such as Africa and Asia4. Islamic
System = based more on the concept of natural justice or customary law or tribal
traditions.
79. Continental= is the theory of police service which maintains that police officers are
servants ofhigher authorities. This theory prevails in the continental countries like
France, Italy and Spain.

80. Home Rule= the theory of police service which states that police officers are servants of
thecommunity or the people. This theory prevails in England and United States. It is also
the police service which prevails in country with decentralized form of government. This
is likewise the policeservice theory that should prevail in the Philippines based on the
existing laws, concepts and principles.

81. Old police service = states that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the numberof
arrest made.

82. Modern police service= states that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on
theabsence of crime.
83.