DEFINITION OF TERMS

Subject Code: LEA 4

Subject Description: Law Enforcement Operations & Planning with Crime Mapping

1. 1: 500- The standard manning level of the police

2. 1:1000- the maximum manning level of police
3. 10 million times- a dog is capable of recognizing an odor 10 million times better than a human can.
4. Advocacy Planning- beneficial aspects of this approach include a greater sensitivity to the unintended
and negative side effects of plans.
5. Aircraft Patrol- necessary for the police in performing both routine and specialized patrol activities.
6. Automobile Patrol- the most extensively used and the most effective means of transportation for police
on patrol.
7. Beat- the smallest area specifically assigned for patrol purposes.
8. Bicycle Patrol- a simple and inexpensive means of silent transportation to carry police officers
throughout their patrol district.
9. Blending patrol- the use of officers dressed in civilian clothes and blended into an area and patrol in foot
or unmarked police cars in an attempt to catch criminals in the act of committing crime. In order to
blend, officers assume the role of an ordinary citizen to be close enough to observe and intervene if a
crime would occur.
10. Bloodhounds- these tracking dog; a large powerful dog with drooping ears, sagging jowls, and keen sense
of smell, formerly used for tracking.
11. Clockwise Pattern- usually done during the first hours of patrolling.
12. Community Oriented Policing System (COPS) - the primary purpose of addressing the crime by
knowing its root causes, and to maintain peace and order through the involvement of the citizenry.
13. Community Oriented Policing System (COPS) It is new policing concept that combines the familiarity,
trust and sense of belongingness characterized by the “beat cop” with the professionalism and expertise of
the professional policing model.
14. Counter-clockwise Pattern- usually done before the tour of patrol duty ends.
15. Crime Mapping- is used by analysts in law enforcement agencies to map, visualize, and analyze crime
incident patterns.
16. Crime Prevention- the suppression of the desire of potential criminals to commit crimes.
17. Crime Suppression- elimination of the opportunity of criminals to perform acts against the law.
18. Criss- cross Pattern- more or less similar to zigzagging.
19. Decoy patrol- the use of distracter to deceive or lure somebody into a trap.
20. Directed deterrent patrol- a patrol strategy in which officers are given specific directions to follow, which
they are not responding to calls. The directed patrol assignments are given to officers before they begin
their tour and are meant to replace uncommitted random patrol time with specific duties that police
commanders believe will be effective.
21. Discovery Time- interval between the commission of the crime and its discovery.
22. District Orientation Tour- its purpose is to familiarize and orient a policeman about the patterns and
characteristics of his patrol area before he conducts actual patrol.
23. Egyptians- were the first to use dogs in patrolling.
24. Emergency Call- in most cases, this category requires the use of the flashing light and fluctuating siren
although there are exceptions which include the attempt to surprise criminals in the act.
25. Extra- Departmental Plan- are activities outside if the organization.
26. Fixed Foot Patrol- usually used for traffic, surveillance, parades, and special events.
27. Freak Crime Accident- situations when all the three elements of the crime are present and merged at
the same time and the same place; however the victim is not intended one due to error in persona.
28. German Shepherds- the most frequently used and highest scoring dog for police work.
29. High visibility patrol- the strategy of employing uniformed police officers and marked police vehicles in
conducting patrol in order to deter people from committing crime.
30. Horse Patrol- widely used for crows and traffic control.
31. House Visitation- it is a function of NCOBs where police officers on patrol visit every house and work
place to offer crime prevention advice and to organize the neighbourhood crime watch groups.
32. Immersion- the process by which a policeman merged with the community in order to know them. This
can easily be dome through patrol.
33. Incremental Planning- concludes that long range and comprehensive planning are not only too difficult,
but inherently bad. The problems are seen as too difficult when they are grouped together and easier to
solve when they are taken one at a time and broken down into gradual adjustment over time.
34. Instrumentality- the means or instrument used in the commission of crime.
35. Integrated Patrol System- a concerted effort of the whole PNP organization with other government
agencies.
36. Intermediate Planning- also known as medium range planning- relates to plans, which determine
quantity and quality efforts and accomplishments.
37. Line Functions- those that are directly responsible for accomplishing police goals and objectives.
38. Low visibility patrol- the strategy of using plainclothes officers and unmarked police vehicles while
conducting surveillance to catch offenders in the act of committing crime.
39. Mobile Foot Patrol- is used where there is considerable foot movement such as patrolling business and
shopping centers, high crime areas, and in places where there are many or multiple family dwellings.
40. Motive- the reason or cause why a person or group of persons will perpetrate a crime or the purpose or
aim of doing something.
41. Motorcycle Patrol- has speed and manueverability and this has a greater access than automobiles to
some areas and are better suited to heavy traffic, narrow alleys and rugged terrain.
42. Neighborhood Oriented Policing- a philosophy of police suggesting that problem solving is best done at
the neighbourhood level, where issues originate not at a far-off central headquarters.
43. Operational Plan- subdivided into broad operational activities of the police such as operational plan for
traffic, patrol, investigation etc.
44. Operational Planning- also known as Short Range Planning- refers to production of plans, which
determine the schedule of special activity and are applicable from one week or less than year duration.
45. Opportunity- refers to the chance or twists of fate; consist of the acts by a person that enables another
person or group of persons to perpetrate the crime.
46. Participative Law Enforcement- a system where the citizenry and the police work together to reduce
crime prevent juvenile delinquency and criminal behaviour. Maintain the peace and reduce local problems
which are mutual responsibility of the police and the people.
47. Patrol- as the heart of the Police Organization. Patrol force incorporates all objectives inherent in the
police organization.
48. Patrol Hazard- a term used frequently to describe a specific condition or place that requires a patrol
officer’s special attention.
49. Patrol- is from the French “Patrouiller” (Patrouller) meaning to go on puddles or to walk through mud in
a military camp.
50. Patrol- is the backbone of the police department.
51. Patrol- refers to the regular tour made by a guard in a place in order to protect it or to maintain order.
52. Patrol- serves to be the “eyes and ears” of the police department.
53. Patrol- the essence of police function. The only police service that directly attempts to eliminate the desire
and opportunity to commit crime.
54. Patrol- the single largest element in the police organization
55. Phantom Effect - "residual deterrence" most people believe that the police is present even when they are
not in sight
56. Planning- essentially a process of combining all aspects of public safety activities and a realistic
anticipation of future problems, the analysis of strategy and its correction to detail.
57. Police Block- this is the NCOB (New Cops on the Block) Center of Command and Control of its activities
and the police base from which the citizen may seek assistance whether in person by radio or telephone.
58. Police- came from the Greek word POLITEIA (government of a city), which was used to describe the group
of civil officers governing the city and not necessarily the armed men guarding/ policing the city.
59. Police- the agency of a community or government that is responsible for enforcing the law, maintaining
public order, and preventing and detecting crime.
60. Police Discretion- the wise use of one’s judgment, common sense, and personal experience in making
decision on a particular situation.
61. Police Omnipresence- It is a crime suppression activity of the police which is accomplished by making
their presence known in a such a way that even if they are no longer present in a certain location, would
be criminals would still have the impression that they are still around and would therefore refrain from
committing an offense.
62. Police Operational Planning- the act of determining policies and guidelines for police activities and
operations and providing controls and safeguards for such activities and operations in the department.
63. Policing System- originated in Aberdeen Scotland
64. Policy or Procedural Plan- guideline for routine office work, routine field operation and related special
procedures.
65. Post- a fixed position or location where an officer is assigned for guard duty.
66. Preventive Enforcement- progressive and continuous patrolling.
67. Primary Line Units- concerned with the police operational task such as; Patrol, Investigation, Traffic &
Vice & Juvenile Patrol
68. Proactive Patrol- An alternative patrol system which means the fielding of the field units in their
respective area of responsibility with prescribed objectives and verifiable tasks schedule of the day to
augment the calls and other on sight activities that makes up the patrol officers day.
69. Proactive Plan- are developed in anticipation of problems.
70. Problem oriented policing- this strategy focuses on the underlying causes and conditions that lead to
the increase in police called for services. It recognizes incidents as merely overt symptoms of problems.
71. Processing Time- interval between receiving the call and dispatching the officers for service.
72. Radical Planning- first mainstream involves collective actions to achieve concrete results in the
immediate future. The second mainstream is critical of large-scale social processes and how they
permeate the character of social and economic life at all levels, which, in turn, determine the structure
and evolution of social problems.
73. Reactive Patrol- a patrol activity which consists of driving around the district, waiting for something to
happen.
74. Reactive Plan- are developed as a result of crisis.
75. Reporting Time- interval between the discovery of the crime and when it is reported to the police.
76. Repression- the act of preventing the actual commission of crimes.
77. Robert Peel- is the father of Modern policing system.
78. Routine Call- under this category, the mobile car is required to observe all traffic laws and rules and
does not normally use its flashing lights and siren while on its way to the scene.
79. Secondary/ Auxiliary Units- concerned with the service task such as Records, Property Custodian,
Jails, Crime Laboratory Services, Transportation & Communication.
80. Selective Enforcement- research and investigation.
81. Situation/ Locator Map- also called spot map; the key point in the Police State Desk; capable of
providing a visual IPS situation because it shows the; area of responsibility; Real Time Current Situation;
and Real time Status of the Integrated Patrol System.
82. Split force patrol- in this patrol strategy, a portion of patrol force is designated to handle all calls
dispatched to patrol units. The remaining numbers of officers are given directed patrol assignments in
which they should not be interrupted, unless there is an emergency. This is purposely done to avoid
interruption of directed patrol assignments.
83. Staff/ Auxiliary or Support Functions- designed solely to support and enhance the operation of line
units.
84. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) - are products of police operational planning adopted by the
police organization to guide the police officers in the conduct of their duties and functions, especially
during field operations.
85. Station Desk- is serves as the 3 Cs of the police force: communication; coordinating and center/
command post.
86. Station Desk- plays the most important role in the implementation of the police mission- to serve and the
protect the community.
87. Stop and Frisk - the situation in which police officers who are suspicious of an individual run their
hands lightly over the suspects outer garments to determine if the person is carrying a concealed weapon.
88. Straightway Pattern-the easiest to observe because as the name implies, the patrol officer just follow the
length of the street.
89. Strategic Plan- also known as Long Range Plan- it determine the organization’s original goals and
strategy.
90. Strategic Planning- a series of preliminary decisions on a framework, which in turn guides subsequent
decisions that generate the nature and direction of an organization.
91. Street Knowledge- a thorough geographic knowledge.
92. Synoptic Planning- the rational comprehensive approach is the dominant tradition in planning. It is also
the point of departure for most other panning approaches.
 93. Tactical Plan- procedures outlining the steps to be taken in solving or taking care of specific situation of
known location.
94. Team policing- a grass-root approach taken to bring the people and the police closer together in a more
cooperative manner. It involves the establishment of a neighbourhood crime watch in which, the residents
are primarily in charged in patrolling their communities.
95. Transactive Planning- carried out in face-to-face interaction with the people who are to be affected by
the plan and not to an anonymous target community of beneficiaries.
96. Travel Time- the amount of time it takes for the police to travel to the scene of the crime.
97. Urgent Call- similar to the routine call, which also requires the responding police car to observe traffic
rules and does not use its flashing lights or siren. However, t proceeds directly to its destination and does
not stop unless an incident or far more serious nature occurs.
98. Visionary Plan- are essential statements that identify the role of the police in the community and a
future conditions or state to which the department can aspire.
99. Water Patrol- extremely specialized and are not in great use except in areas with extensive coasts or a
great deal of lake or river traffic.
100. Zigzag or Free Wheeling Pattern- start at one corner of the patrol area and work your way
diagonally across it to the opposite corner.

References:

1. Law Enforcement Administration: A textbook in Criminology; Rommel K. Manwong & Darlito Bernard G.
Delizo.
2. Criminology Licensure Examiantion Reviewer; Atty. Danilo S. Bermas
3. Police Organization and Administration with Police Planning; Dean Ricardo M. Guevara & P/ SR. Insp.
Williard Dela Cruz Viñas

Prepared by:

Prof. Charmaine D. Erang, MSCJE