This document summarizes information about the drug morphine, including its indications, dosages, mechanisms of action, contraindications, side effects, and nursing considerations. Morphine is an opioid analgesic used to relieve moderate to severe acute or chronic pain. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Common side effects include sedation, decreased blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Nurses should monitor vital signs and assess for side effects after administration and encourage deep breathing exercises for patients with pulmonary impairment.
This document summarizes information about the drug morphine, including its indications, dosages, mechanisms of action, contraindications, side effects, and nursing considerations. Morphine is an opioid analgesic used to relieve moderate to severe acute or chronic pain. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Common side effects include sedation, decreased blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Nurses should monitor vital signs and assess for side effects after administration and encourage deep breathing exercises for patients with pulmonary impairment.
This document summarizes information about the drug morphine, including its indications, dosages, mechanisms of action, contraindications, side effects, and nursing considerations. Morphine is an opioid analgesic used to relieve moderate to severe acute or chronic pain. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Common side effects include sedation, decreased blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Nurses should monitor vital signs and assess for side effects after administration and encourage deep breathing exercises for patients with pulmonary impairment.
This document summarizes information about the drug morphine, including its indications, dosages, mechanisms of action, contraindications, side effects, and nursing considerations. Morphine is an opioid analgesic used to relieve moderate to severe acute or chronic pain. It works by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Common side effects include sedation, decreased blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Nurses should monitor vital signs and assess for side effects after administration and encourage deep breathing exercises for patients with pulmonary impairment.
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DRUG STUDY
NAME OF ROUTE, DOSAGE AND MECHANISM SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING
INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION DRUG FREQUENCY OF ACTION ADVERSE EFFECTS CONSIDERATIONS Generic Name: Angina: Binds with opioid Relief of moderate Contraindications: Possible Side Effects: Observe the patient’s 10 Morphine PO (Immediate-Release): receptors within to severe, acute, or All Formulations: rights of medication Ambulatory pts, pts not (Sulphate) Adults, Elderly: 10–30 mg CNS, inhibiting chronic pain; Hypersensitivity to administration in severe pain may q4h as needed. (Solution): 10– ascending pain analgesia during morphine. Acute or severe experience nausea, Brand Name: 20 mg q4h as needed. pathways. labor, pain due to asthma, GI obstruction, Baseline Assessment: vomiting more Duramorph, (Tablet): 15–30 mg q4h as MI, dyspnea from known or suspected Pt should be in recumbent frequently than pts in Infumorph, needed. Therapeutic pulmonary edema paralytic ileus, severe position before drug is given supine position or who Roxanol Children 6 Months of Age Effect: Alters not resulting from hepatic/renal impairment, by parenteral route. have severe pain and Older Weighing 50 kg or pain perception, chemical severe respiratory Assess onset, type, location, Classification: Greater: emotional respiratory irritant. depression. duration of pain. Frequent: Pharmaco- 15–20 mg q3–4h as needed. response to pain. Obtain vital signs before Sedation therapeutic: Children 6 Months of Age Infumorph: Use in Extended-Release: giving medication. If Opioid and Older Weighing Less devices for GI obstruction, acute Decreased B/P (including orthostatic respirations are 12/min or agonist Than 50 kg: managing postoperative pain, less (20/min or less in (Schedule II). 0.2–0.5 mg/kg q3–4h as intractable chronic hypercarbia hypotension) children), withhold needed. pain. Diaphoresis medication, contact Clinical: Children Younger Than 6 Injection: Facial flushing physician. Opioid Months: Extended-release: HF due to lung disease; Constipation Effect of medication is analgesic. (Oral solution): 0.08–0.1 Use only when arrhythmias, head injury, Dizziness reduced if full pain recurs mg/kg q3–4h as needed repeated doses for seizures, acute alcoholism. Drowsiness before next dose. extended periods of Labor when premature Nausea PO (Extended-Release): time are required birth expected. Increased Vomiting. Intervention: Adults, Elderly: Dosage around the clock. intracranial pressure Monitor vital signs 5–10 min requirement should be after IV administration, 15– established using prompt- Immediate-Release: Occasional: Allergic reaction 30 min after SQ, IM. release formulations and is Hypercarbia (rash, pruritus) Be alert for decreased based on total daily dose. Dyspnea respirations, B/P. Avinza: AVINza is given once Extreme Cautions: Confusion Check for adequate voiding. daily only. COPD, cor pulmonale, Kadian: Dose is given once hypoxia, hypercapnia, Palpitations Monitor daily pattern of daily or divided and given preexisting respiratory Tremors bowel activity, stool q12h. depression, head injury, Urinary retention consistency; avoid constipation. MS Contin: Daily dose is increased ICP, severe Abdominal cramps divided and given q8h or q12h. hypotension. Initiate deep breathing, Vision changes coughing exercises, Dry mouth IV: Cautions: particularly in those with Adults, Elderly: 2.5–5 mg q3– Biliary tract disease, Headache pulmonary impairment. 4h as needed. Note: Repeated pancreatitis, Addison’s Decreased appetite Assess for clinical doses (e.g., 1–2 mg) may be disease, cardiovascular Pain/burning at improvement; record onset of given more frequently (e.g., disease, morbid obesity, injection site pain relief. every hr) if needed. Children adrenal insufficiency, Consult physician if pain 50 kg or Greater: elderly, hypothyroidism, Rare: relief is not adequate. Initially, 2–5 mg q2–4h as urethral stricture, prostatic Paralytic ileus needed. hyperplasia, debilitated Patient/Family Teaching: Children Weighing Less pts, pts with CNS Adverse effect: Discomfort may occur with Than 50 kg: depression, toxic Overdose results in: injection. Initially, 0.05 mg/kg. Range: psychosis, seizure o Respiratory Change positions slowly to 0.1–0.2 mg/kg q2– 4h as disorders, alcoholism. depression avoid orthostatic needed. Neonates: Initially, o Skeletal muscle hypotension. 0.05–0.1 mg/kg/dose q4–6h as Avoid tasks that require flaccidity needed. alertness, motor skills until o Cold/ clammy skin o Cyanosis response to drug is IV Continuous Infusion: established. Adults, Elderly: 0.8–10 o Extreme drowsiness progressing to Avoid alcohol, CNS mg/hr. Range: Titrate up to 80 depressants. mg/hr. seizures o Stupor Tolerance, dependence may Children Weighing 50 kg or o Coma occur with prolonged use of Greater: high doses. 1.5 mg/hr. Tolerance to analgesic effect Report ineffective pain Children Weighing Less (Physical dependence control, constipation, Than 50 Kg: may occur with urinary retention. Initially, 0.01 mg/kg/hr. Range: 0.01–0.04 mg/kg/hr repeated use) (10–40 mcg/ kg/hr). Prolonged duration of NEONATES: Initially, 0.01 action, cumulative mg/kg/hr (10 mcg/kg/hr). effect may occur in Maximum: 0.015–0.02 those with mg/kg/hr. Note: IM injection hepatic/renal not recommended impairment. Antidote: Naloxone IM: Adults, Elderly: 5–10 mg q3– 4h as needed. Children: 0.1– 0.2 mg/kg q3–4h as needed. References: Kizior, R. J. & Hodgson, K. J. (2019). Saunders Nursing Drug Handbook 2019. Elsevier Inc.