Project Report On Ammonium Sulphate Plant
Project Report On Ammonium Sulphate Plant
Project Report On Ammonium Sulphate Plant
INTRODUCTION
Fertilizers are the materials which are added to soils to increase the supply of
plant materials & thereby enhance the fertility of the soil. Ammonium sulphate is
probably the most extensively used inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer. In the soil, it
reacts with clay & humus, forming an insoluble ammonium complex. Ammonia in
the complex is then converted into nitric acid by bacterial action during 7-10
days, and the latter forms calcium carbonate. Hence, ammonium sulphate tends
to make the soil acidic due to removal of calcium carbonate. This defect may be
overcome by giving a dressing of lime.
Ammonium sulphate is usually applied to the solid at the rate of 1-2 cwt. per acre,
often with a suitable proportions of super phosphate & in the case of some crops,
also used along with potassium sulphate. It acts very well when used in
combination with organic manures which improve the texture of soil. It is not so
easily leached out as sodium nitrate; & hence it gives better results in regions of
heavy rainfall.
The ammonium sulphate is especially valuable for potatoes, barley and grass. In
the case of potatoes, since the tendency of soil acidity does not injure the crop, the
fertilizer may be used upto 4 crore more cwt per acre. The ammonium sulphate is
also used for paddy, wheat, sugarcane, and some of the plantations crops. The
dosage depending upon the crop, the soil & the climate. It is generally applied
either at sowing time or before transplanting seedlings. In the case of rice, the
increase in yield ranges from 13-70 percent for dosages varying from 15-60 lb of N
per acre.
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PROPERTIES
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CHARACTERISTICS OF AMMONIUM SULFATE
Commercial ammonium sulfate may vary in color from a white through yellow to
gray salt, but it is usually white. Occasionally various tints of brown, blue, yellow,
or gray may be present. These tints are due to impurities such as ferric
ferrocyanide and arsenious sulfide, or to traces of tar or its derivatives.
The by-product ammonium sulfate now found on the market contains practically
no free acid. The better grades have a free sulfuric acid content of less than 0.15
per cent. Some of the commercial grades might slightly exceed this figure, but the
free acid content is seldom over 0.5 per cent. This was not always the case. At one
time free acid adhering to the crystals of ammonium sulfate caused rotting of
shipping bags and the formation of lumps and hard cakes. This condition has
been overcome by more thorough washing of the salt and in some cases by
neutralizing the free acid with ammonia. It has been shown that large crystals are
to be preferred to small ones as the tendency to cake is thus reduced.
Pure ammonium sulfate contains 21.2 per cent nitrogen and 27.5 per cent sulfur.
The commercial product is sold for fertilizer under a guaranteed analysis of 20 per
cent nitorgen.
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PROPERTIES
CHARACTERISTICS OF AMMONIUM SULFATE
B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
SCOPE
REQUIREMENTS
TABLE 1 REQUIREMENTAS FOR AMMONIUM SULPHATE,
FERTILIZER GRADE
PACKING AND MARKING
SAMPLING
HEADQUARTERS:
USES AND APPLICATIONS
MARKET OVERVIEW OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE
GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE
PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE
TYPICAL DIAGRAM OF AMMONIUM SULFATE PROCESS
TYPICAL GRANULATION PLANT
DETAILED PROCES OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE FROM AMMONIA
AND SULPHURIC ACID
FLOW DIAGRAM OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE MANUFACTURE
FROM AMMONIA AND SULFURIC ACID
MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SULPHURIC ACID
DETAILED OF CONTACT PROCESS TO MANUFACTURE SULPHURIC ACID
THE CONTACT PROCESS:
MAKING THE SULPHUR DIOXIDE
CONVERTING THE SULPHUR DIOXIDE INTO SULPHUR TRIOXIDE
A FLOW SCHEME FOR THIS PART OF THE PROCESS LOOKS LIKE THIS:
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE
SERVICE ARE:
PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
PRIMARY FACTORS
1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
2. MARKETS:
3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
4. WATER SUPPLY:
5. CLIMATE:
6. TRANSPORTATION:
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7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
8. LABOR:
9. REGULATORY LAWS:
10. TAXES:
11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
1. DEPRECIATION:
2. FIXED ASSETS:
3. WORKING CAPITAL:
4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
6. MARGIN MONEY:
8. TOTAL LOAD:
9. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT HANDLING
PROJECT SCHEDULING
PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
TIME SCHEDULE
PLANT LAYOUT
SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY
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APPENDIX – A:
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COST ESTIMATION
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