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    Project Report On Ammonium Sulphate Plant

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    EIRI Board of Consultants and Publishers
    Fertilizers are the materials which are added to soils to increase the supply of plant materials & thereby enhance the fertility of the soil. Ammonium sulphate is probably the most extensively used inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer. In the soil, it reacts with clay & humus, forming an insoluble ammonium complex. Ammonia in the complex is then converted into nitric acid by bacterial action during 7-10

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    Project Report On Ammonium Sulphate Plant

    Uploaded by

    EIRI Board of Consultants and Publishers
    745 views7 pages
    Fertilizers are the materials which are added to soils to increase the supply of plant materials & thereby enhance the fertility of the soil. Ammonium sulphate is probably the most extensively used inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer. In the soil, it reacts with clay & humus, forming an insoluble ammonium complex. Ammonia in the complex is then converted into nitric acid by bacterial action during 7-10

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    PROJECT REPORT ON AMMONIUM SULPHATE PLANT

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    Fertilizers are the materials which are added to soils to increase the supply of plant materials & thereby enhance the fertility of the soil. Ammonium sulphate is probably the most extensively used inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer. In the soil, it reacts with clay & humus, forming an insoluble ammonium complex. Ammonia in the complex is then converted into nitric acid by bacterial action during 7-10

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    745 views7 pages

    Project Report On Ammonium Sulphate Plant

    Uploaded by

    EIRI Board of Consultants and Publishers
    Fertilizers are the materials which are added to soils to increase the supply of plant materials & thereby enhance the fertility of the soil. Ammonium sulphate is probably the most extensively used inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer. In the soil, it reacts with clay & humus, forming an insoluble ammonium complex. Ammonia in the complex is then converted into nitric acid by bacterial action during 7-10

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    AMMONIUM SULPHATE PLANT

    [EIRI/EDPR/3903] J.C.: 2021INR, 2022US$

    INTRODUCTION

    Fertilizers are the materials which are added to soils to increase the supply of
    plant materials & thereby enhance the fertility of the soil. Ammonium sulphate is
    probably the most extensively used inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer. In the soil, it
    reacts with clay & humus, forming an insoluble ammonium complex. Ammonia in
    the complex is then converted into nitric acid by bacterial action during 7-10
    days, and the latter forms calcium carbonate. Hence, ammonium sulphate tends
    to make the soil acidic due to removal of calcium carbonate. This defect may be
    overcome by giving a dressing of lime.

    Ammonium sulphate is usually applied to the solid at the rate of 1-2 cwt. per acre,
    often with a suitable proportions of super phosphate & in the case of some crops,
    also used along with potassium sulphate. It acts very well when used in
    combination with organic manures which improve the texture of soil. It is not so
    easily leached out as sodium nitrate; & hence it gives better results in regions of
    heavy rainfall.

    The ammonium sulphate is especially valuable for potatoes, barley and grass. In
    the case of potatoes, since the tendency of soil acidity does not injure the crop, the
    fertilizer may be used upto 4 crore more cwt per acre. The ammonium sulphate is
    also used for paddy, wheat, sugarcane, and some of the plantations crops. The
    dosage depending upon the crop, the soil & the climate. It is generally applied
    either at sowing time or before transplanting seedlings. In the case of rice, the
    increase in yield ranges from 13-70 percent for dosages varying from 15-60 lb of N
    per acre.

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    PROPERTIES

    1. Ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 is a white, crystalline solid

    2. The formula weight is 132.14.

    3. The crystals are of rhombic structure, d204, 1.769.

    4. The melting point of ammonium sulphate, in a closed system, is 513 + 2oC.

    5. Upon heating in an open system, the sulphate begins to decompose at


    100oC and yields ammonium bisulphate, NH4HSO4, which has a melting
    point of 146.9oC.

    6. The solubility of ammonium sulphate in 100g of water is 70.6g at 0oC and


    103.8g at 100oC.

    7. It is insoluble in alcohol and acetone.

    8. Specific gravity is 1.769 at 20oC.

    9. Ammonium sulphate is soluble in water.

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    CHARACTERISTICS OF AMMONIUM SULFATE

    Commercial ammonium sulfate may vary in color from a white through yellow to
    gray salt, but it is usually white. Occasionally various tints of brown, blue, yellow,
    or gray may be present. These tints are due to impurities such as ferric
    ferrocyanide and arsenious sulfide, or to traces of tar or its derivatives.

    The by-product ammonium sulfate now found on the market contains practically
    no free acid. The better grades have a free sulfuric acid content of less than 0.15
    per cent. Some of the commercial grades might slightly exceed this figure, but the
    free acid content is seldom over 0.5 per cent. This was not always the case. At one
    time free acid adhering to the crystals of ammonium sulfate caused rotting of
    shipping bags and the formation of lumps and hard cakes. This condition has
    been overcome by more thorough washing of the salt and in some cases by
    neutralizing the free acid with ammonia. It has been shown that large crystals are
    to be preferred to small ones as the tendency to cake is thus reduced.

    Pure ammonium sulfate contains 21.2 per cent nitrogen and 27.5 per cent sulfur.
    The commercial product is sold for fertilizer under a guaranteed analysis of 20 per
    cent nitorgen.

    In addition it contains about 24 per cent of sulfur. It is a fine, crystalline salt,


    almost moisture-free and requires no grinding before use. It does not absorb
    moisture if it is stored in closed containers. At ordinary temperataures the
    solubility of ammomum sultate in water is practically equal to that of sodium
    nitrate. Tidmore and Williamson (1932) and many other investigators have shown
    that the nitrogen of ammonium sulfate may be retained by the soil for a limited
    length of time, in an exchangeable form which does not leach as readily as the
    nitorgen of sodium nitrate.

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    CONTENTS

    INTRODUCTION
    PROPERTIES
    CHARACTERISTICS OF AMMONIUM SULFATE
    B.I.S. SPECIFICATION
    SCOPE
    REQUIREMENTS
    TABLE 1 REQUIREMENTAS FOR AMMONIUM SULPHATE,
    FERTILIZER GRADE
    PACKING AND MARKING
    SAMPLING
    HEADQUARTERS:
    USES AND APPLICATIONS
    MARKET OVERVIEW OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE
    GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE
    MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE
    PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE
    TYPICAL DIAGRAM OF AMMONIUM SULFATE PROCESS
    TYPICAL GRANULATION PLANT
    DETAILED PROCES OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE FROM AMMONIA
    AND SULPHURIC ACID
    FLOW DIAGRAM OF AMMONIUM SULPHATE MANUFACTURE
    FROM AMMONIA AND SULFURIC ACID
    MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF SULPHURIC ACID
    DETAILED OF CONTACT PROCESS TO MANUFACTURE SULPHURIC ACID
    THE CONTACT PROCESS:
    MAKING THE SULPHUR DIOXIDE
    CONVERTING THE SULPHUR DIOXIDE INTO SULPHUR TRIOXIDE
    A FLOW SCHEME FOR THIS PART OF THE PROCESS LOOKS LIKE THIS:
    PRINCIPLES OF PLANT LAYOUT
    MAJOR PROVISIONS IN ROAD PLANNING FOR MULTIPURPOSE
    SERVICE ARE:
    PLANT LOCATION FACTORS
    PRIMARY FACTORS
    1. RAW-MATERIAL SUPPLY:
    2. MARKETS:
    3. POWER AND FUEL SUPPLY:
    4. WATER SUPPLY:
    5. CLIMATE:
    6. TRANSPORTATION:

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    7. WASTE DISPOSAL:
    8. LABOR:
    9. REGULATORY LAWS:
    10. TAXES:
    11. SITE CHARACTERISTICS:
    12. COMMUNITY FACTORS:
    13. VULNERABILITY TO WARTIME ATTACK:
    14. FLOOD AND FIRE CONTROL:
    EXPLANATION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT REPORT
    1. DEPRECIATION:
    2. FIXED ASSETS:
    3. WORKING CAPITAL:
    4. BREAK-EVEN POINT:
    5. OTHER FIXED EXPENSES:
    6. MARGIN MONEY:
    8. TOTAL LOAD:
    9. LAND AREA/MAN POWER RATIO:
    PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULES
    INTRODUCTION
    PROJECT HANDLING
    PROJECT SCHEDULING
    PROJECT CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULE
    TIME SCHEDULE
    PLANT LAYOUT
    SUPPLIERS OF PLANT AND MACHINERY

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    APPENDIX – A:

    01. PLANT ECONOMICS


    02. LAND & BUILDING
    03. PLANT AND MACHINERY
    04. OTHER FIXED ASSESTS
    05. FIXED CAPITAL
    06. RAW MATERIAL
    07. SALARY AND WAGES
    08. UTILITIES AND OVERHEADS
    09. TOTAL WORKING CAPITAL
    10. TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT
    11. COST OF PRODUCTION
    12. TURN OVER/ANNUM
    13. BREAK EVEN POINT
    14. RESOURCES FOR FINANCE
    15. INSTALMENT PAYABLE IN 5 YEARS
    16. DEPRECIATION CHART FOR 5 YEARS
    17. PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR 5 YEARS
    18. PROJECTED BALANCE SHEET FOR (5 YEARS)

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    COST ESTIMATION

    Plant Capacity 400 MT/Day


    Land & Building (6 Acres) Rs. 20.64 Cr
    Plant & Machinery Rs. 55.00 Cr
    Working Capital for 2 Months Rs. 17.17 Cr
    Total Capital Investment Rs. 95.82 Cr
    Rate of Return 43%
    Break Even Point 43%

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