TCW Module 3 Pre Final
TCW Module 3 Pre Final
TCW Module 3 Pre Final
WORLD
First Semester
2020 - 2021
MODULE 3
Prepared by:
Hongkong
Paris
Singapore
Tokyo
Criteria:
Exemplary (20) Satisfactory (15) Fair (10) Poor (5)
Content is Content is good Content is Content is not
outstanding somewhat coherent coherent
Analysis
1. How did you find the activity? What or how did you feel upon contributing to the success of
your group and upon accomplishing the task?
2. Do you have any idea about the places that part of Global City?
3. Can you give at least 2 characteristics of the Global City?
Abstraction:
This discussion will support the learning of the students. The students will acquire more about the
places that part of a global city, the characteristics of a global cities and Cosmopolitanism.
COSMOPOLITANISM
Cosmopolitanism is a phenomenon mostly associated with the global city. Large diverse
cities attracting people, material and cultural products from all over the world.
It usually evokes pleasant images of travel, exploration and “worldly” pursuit by the “citizen
of the world”.
A consumerist world of malls and supermarkets, or theme parks and leisure centers offerings, a
cross-cultural variety of food, fashion, entertainment and various consumables and
artifacts.
ASSESSMENTS I – Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer. Circle your answer.
1. It is also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is a city
which is primary node in the global economic network.
a. Cosmopolitan b. City
c. Global City d. Metropolitan
RESOURCES: Aldama, P. (2018). The contemporary world. 856 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. Street
Recto Avenue Manila Philippines: Rex Bookstore.
Claudio, L. & Abinales P. (2018). The contemporary world 839 EDSA, South
Triangle, Quezon City: C&E Publishing.
Globalization. (2019). In Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.Retrieved from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization
San Juan, D. (2018). Journeys through our contemporary world. 1253 G.
Araneta Avenue cor. Ma. Clara Street, Talayan, Quezon
City: Vibal Group.
DAY #
LESSON NO. 10
LESSON TITLE GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
DURATION/HOURS 3 hrs
Specific Learning During the students' learning engagements, they will be able to:
Outcomes: explain the theory of demographic transitions as it affects global
population;
analyze the present global population and its effect to our economy;
Express and exhibit analysis and stand on the contrasting positions
over reproductive health issues
appreciate the importance of studying global demography,
demographic transitions and global population: its effect to our
economy and day to day living.
ACTIVITY
Words to know
Direction: Define the following terms according to your own understanding.
1. Demography –
2. Mortality -
3. Natality –
4. Population -
5. Global Demography-
Activity 1
Watch the video below and respond to the processing guide questions right after watching and
listening to it. Animation of the demographic transition model and population growth & decline.
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqLy3ofLeiI. Retrieved on August 25, 2020.
To compare the development of countries, often used indicators, such as average income, concern economic
development. Indicators on the level of mortality and birth also tell us something about the development of a
country and are therefore useful indicators. Two frequently used indicators are the birth rate and the mortality rate.
The birth rate starts with the number of live births in a year. Because there are more people living in one country
than in another, more children are probably born in that country. That is why we calculate the birth rate per 1000
inhabitants. In this way, countries can be compared. We do this in the following way. The Netherlands had
16.979.120 inhabitants in 2016 and 172,520 babies were born in that year. We divide the number of babies by the
number of inhabitants and multiply by 1000 to calculate the birth rate. We therefore divide 172,520 by 16,979,120
and we multiply by 1000. So, the birth rate of the Netherlands in 2016 was 10.2. The mortality rate is calculated
almost in the same way, but here we share the number of deaths by the inhabitants. In 2016, 148,997 people died in
the Netherlands. We divide 148,997 by 16,979,120 and multiplie it by 1000 and then it appears that the mortality
rate of the Netherlands in 2016 was 8.8. The natural population growth is the difference between the birth and the
mortality rate. 10.2 - 8.8 is 1.4. The natural population growth in the Netherlands in 2016 was therefore 1.4. The
birth rate and the mortality rate show us a lot of development in a country, because they develop over time. We can
show this development in the demographic transition model. Demos mean people and graphically a description. The
demographic transition model thus shows a change in the characteristics of the birth and mortality rate. We can
show the demographic transition model as a graph, in which the lines represent the birth rate, the mortality rate and
the total population size. The model consists of five phases. If a country is very poor and hardly developed, both the
birth and mortality rates will be very high. This is phase 1. The mortality rate can reach 40 and the birth rate even
something higher. This means that an average of 40 people die each year per 1000 inhabitants. That is because the
health care is still poorly developed. People get a lot of children, so the children can take care of the parents when
they’re old and there are still few contraceptives available. Nowadays there are actually no countries anymore that
meet this description. When a country starts to develop, the quality of health care increases. People are being
vaccinated, better doctors and more hospitals are available. This reduces the mortality rate. This is phase two.
Because the birth rate still remains high, there is a huge natural population growth. This increases the total
population size. The poorest countries in the world meet this description, such as Angola and Chad. It is important
for these countries to continue to develop so that the population growth will decline! In phase three there is already
a low mortality rate, but also the birth rate declines. Contraceptives are more available and because child mortality is
falling, people need fewer children who can take care of them later. Girls also go to school much longer, which leads
to a lower birth rate. Because there is still a big difference between the birth and mortality rate, the population
continues to increase, but the increase is declining. Many countries that have developed quite well already meet this
description, such as Indonesia, South Africa and Mexico. In phase 4 there is a low birth and mortality rate. The
natural population growth is low again, as a result of which the population size hardly grows. Many developed
countries meet with this description, such as the Netherlands. In phase 5 the mortality rate increases and becomes
higher than the birth rate. For the first time in the history of a country it has to do with a natural population decline
instead of growth and so the total population size decreases. This happens when the population is getting older, so
that more and more people die. Only a few of the most developed countries meet this description, such as Germany.
The demographic transition model helps us to compare the development of countries and shows us which
demographic developments a country will experience in the future.
ANALYSIS
ABSTRACTION
Global Demography
In the study about Global Demography: Fact, Force and Future. David E Bloom and David Canning
stated that in the past 50 years, the world accelerated its transition out of long-term demographic stability. As
infant and child mortality rates fell, populations began to soar. In most countries, this growth led to falling
fertility rates. Although fertility has fallen, the population continues to increase because of population
momentum; it will eventually level off. In the meantime, demographic change has created a ‘bulge’ generation,
which today appears in many countries as a large working-age population. This cohort will eventually become a
large elderly population, in both developed and developing countries. Population growth has been the subject
of great debate among economists and demographers. Until recently, most have agreed on a middle ground, in
which population growth per se has no effect on economic growth. New evidence suggests that changes in the
age structure of populations – in particular, a rising ratio of working-age to non-working-age individuals –
leads to the possibility of more rapid economic growth, via both accounting and behavioural effects. The
experiences of east Asia, Ireland and sub-Saharan Africa all serve as evidence of the effect of demographic
change on economic growth (or lack thereof). Both internal migration (from rural to urban areas) and
international migration complicate this picture. The overall implications of population growth for policy lie in
the imperative for investments in health and education, and for sound policies related to labour, trade and
retirement. Understanding future trends is essential for the development of good policy. Demographic
projections can be quite reliable, but huge uncertainties – in the realms of health, changes in human life span,
scientific advances, migration, global warming and wars – make overall predictions extremely uncertain.
The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is based on historical population trends of two demographic
characteristics – birth rate and death rate – to suggest that a country’s total population growth rate cycles
through stages as that country develops economically. Each stage is characterized by a specific relationship
between birth rate (number of annual births per one thousand people) and death rate (number of annual
deaths per one thousand people). As these rates change in relation to each other, their produced impact greatly
affects a country’s total population. Within the model, a country will progress over time from one stage to the
next as certain social and economic forces act upon the birth and death rates. Every country can be placed
within the DTM, but not every stage of the model has a country that meets its specific definition. For example,
there are currently no countries in Stage 1, nor are there any countries in Stage 5, but the potential is there for
movement in the future.
https://populationeducation.org/what-demographic-transition-model/
In Stage 1, which applied to most of the world before the Industrial Revolution, both birth rates and death
rates are high. As a result, population size remains fairly constant but can have major swings with events such
as wars or pandemics.
In Stage 2, the introduction of modern medicine lowers death rates, especially among children, while birth
rates remain high; the result is rapid population growth. Many of the least developed countries today are in
Stage 2.
In Stage 3, birth rates gradually decrease, usually as a result of improved economic conditions, an increase in
women’s status, and access to contraception. Population growth continues, but at a lower rate. Most developing
countries are in Stage 3.
In Stage 4, birth and death rates are both low, stabilizing the population. These countries tend to have
stronger economies, higher levels of education, better healthcare, a higher proportion of working women, and a
fertility rate hovering around two children per woman. Most developed countries are in Stage 4.
A possible Stage 5 would include countries in which fertility rates have fallen significantly below replacement
level (2 children) and the elderly population is greater than the youthful population.
Like any model, there will be outliers and exceptions to the rule and the Demographic Transition Model is no
different. Additionally, there are things the DTM cannot reveal: the impact of other demographic variables such
as migration, are not considered, nor does the model predict how long a country will be in each stage. But even
so, the relationship between birth rate and death rate is an important concept when discussing population and
any patterns, such as those provided by the DTM, that aid in understanding are helpful.
Over a series of five posts we will explain each stage of the Demographic Transition Model in depth and provide
a case study for stages when there is a country that currently fits its parameters.
According to David Canning, The causes and consequences of the demographic transition are
considered in light of the recent book by Dyson (2010) on demography and development. In the last 50 years
the world has seen an exogenous decline in mortality that generated a decline in fertility and an increase in
urbanization that has had profound economic, social and political consequences. However, historically,
declines in mortality and fertility, and escape from the Malthusian trap, have required countries to have
already undergone considerable economic and political development. We therefore argue for two way causality
between the demographic transition and economic and political outcomes.
Global Population
By 2100, the world’s population is projected to reach approximately 10.9 billion, with annual
growth of less than 0.1% – a steep decline from the current rate. Between 1950 and today, the world’s
population grew between 1% and 2% each year, with the number of people rising from 2.5 billion to
more than 7.7 billion.
Population in the world is currently (2020) growing at a rate of around 1.05% per year (down from
1.08% in 2019, 1.10% in 2018, and 1.12% in 2017). The current average population increase is
estimated at 81 million people per year.
Annual growth rate reached its peak in the late 1960s, when it was at around 2%. The rate of increase
has nearly halved since then, and will continue to decline in the coming years.
World population will therefore continue to grow in the 21st century, but at a much slower rate
compared to the recent past. World population has doubled (100% increase) in 40 years from
1959 (3 billion) to 1999 (6 billion). It is now estimated that it will take another nearly 40 years to
increase by another 50% to become 9 billion by 2037.
The latest world population projections indicate that world population will reach 10 billion persons in
the year 2057.https://www.worldometers.info/worldpopulation/#:~:text=The%20current%20world
%20population%20is,currently%20living)%20of%20the%20world.
Source: Worldometer (www.Worldometers.info)
Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World
Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision. (Medium-fertility variant).
https://www.worldometers.info/worldpopulation/#:~:text=The%20current%20world%20population
%20is,currently%20living)%20of%20the%20world.
https://www.worldometers.info/worldpopulation/#:~:text=The%20current%20world%20population%20is,currently%20living)%20of%20the
%20world.
It was written during the 1970s that 75% of the people who had ever been born were alive at that
moment. This was grossly false.
Assuming that we start counting from about 50,000 B.C., the time when modern Homo sapiens appeared on
the earth (and not from 700,000 B.C. when the ancestors of Homo sapiens appeared, or several million years
ago when hominids were present), taking into account that all population data are a rough estimate, and
assuming a constant growth rate applied to each period up to modern times, it has been estimated that a total
of approximately 106 billion people have been born since the dawn of the human species, making the
population currently alive roughly 6% of all people who have ever lived on planet Earth.
Others have estimated the number of human beings who have ever lived to be anywhere from 45 billion
to 125 billion, with most estimates falling into the range of 90 to 110 billion humans.
The relationship between population growth and economic growth is controversial. In the study about
the role of population in economic growth by E. Wesley and F. Peterson it draws on historical data to chart the
links between population growth, growth in per capita output, and overall economic growth over the past 200
years. Low population growth in high-income countries is likely to create social and economic problems while
high population growth in low-income countries may slow their development. International migration could
help to adjust these imbalances but is opposed by many. Drawing on economic analyses of inequality, it
appears that lower population growth and limited migration may contribute to increased national and global
economic inequality.
In conclusion, demographic change will result in a slower‐growing and older population. This transition
will likely put downward pressure on the growth rate of potential output, the natural rate of unemployment,
and the long‐term equilibrium interest rate. The magnitude of these effects and the timing are uncertain
because they depend on complicated dynamics and the behavior of consumers and businesses. Demographic
change may also affect the business cycle and the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Monetary
policymakers will need to continually evaluate these structural and cyclical effects in determining appropriate
policy. Demographic trends present challenges for fiscal policymakers as well. Rising fiscal imbalances are
projected to lead to higher government debt‐to‐GDP levels, potentially putting upward pressure on interest
rates, and crowding out productive investment. But steps can be taken to offset some of the negative
consequences of demographic change for the economy. These include policies that focus on increasing
productivity and labor force growth and that address growing fiscal imbalances. Because population growth
plays an important role in overall economic growth, the evolution of world population will continue to be a
major global concern.
Application and Assessment
Watch this documentary video about DON'T PANIC — Hans Rosling showing the facts about
population. Retrieved from: https://amara.org/en/videos/mhTYhbSld8v7/en/872652/. Retrieved on August
26, 2020.
In a separate sheet of paper, make a reflection at least 300 words about the documentary video.
Determine what you have learned ( the knowledge that serve as your foundation to stand and keep); the
things you have realized and appreciated (attitude towards learning) and the things you discovered (skills that
you will cherish in life).
Discussion
Direction: In a separate sheet of paper answer the following questions. Answer briefly.
https://www.google.com/search?q=rubrics+in+writing+essay&sxsrf
Making The reflection The reflection The reflection The reflection does
Connections articulates multiple articulates attempts to articulate not articulate any
connections between connections between connections between connection to other
this learning this learning this learning learning or
experience and experience and experience and experiences.
content from other content from other content from other
courses, past learning, courses, past learning courses, past learning
life experiences experiences, and/or experiences, or
and/or future goals. future goals. personal goals, but the
connection is vague
and/or unclear.
Total 30-27 24-21 18-15 12-9
http://earlycollegeconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Portfolio-Rubric-for-Reflection.PRINT_.pdf
References:
Bloom et al. (2011). Global Demography: Fact, Force and Future. WDA-HSG Discussion Papier
No. 2006-1. Retrieved from: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1883686.
Retrieved on August 26, 2020
Bloom, David E. and Canning, David, Global Demography: Fact, Force and Future (2006).
WDA-HSG Discussion Papier No. 2006-1, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1883686.
Retrieved on August 26, 2020
Grew, Drover. (2014). What is the Demographic Transition Model? Retrieved from:
https://populationeducation.org/what-demographic-transition-model/. Retrieved on August 26,
2020
Canning, David. (2011). The causes and consequences of demographic transition. Population
Studies 65, no. 3: 353–361. doi:10.1080/00324728.2011.611372. Retrieved from:
https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/33730183/6431162.pdf?
sequence=1&isAllowed=y#:~:text=The%20demographic%20transition%20leads%20to,population
%20to%20its%20equilibrium%20size.. Retrieved on August 26, 2020
Cillufo, Anthony and Ruiz, Niel. (2019). World’s population is projected to nearly stop growing
by the end of the century. Retrieved from: https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-
tank/2019/06/17/worlds-population-is-projected-to-nearly-stop-growing-by-the-end-of-the-
century/. Retrieved on: August 26, 2020
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. identify the reason why people migrate.
2. explain concepts on global migration.
3. interview an OFW to have insights of their migration experiences.
Direction: What are the key ideas you can see in the photos?
From : https://tinyurl.com/y5sodf5e
ANALYSIS:
ABSTRACTION
GLOBAL MIGRATION
What is migration?
Global migration is a situation in which people go to other countries to live, in particular to foreign
countries to find jobs. Although the causes are just as numerous as their effects, they can be
interpreted as a cause and effect relationship. For different purposes, individuals migrate across
foreign borders.
ECONOMIC REASONS
Lack of jobs or prospects or work and salary differentials; An important driver of foreign
migration is a well-paid career in a rich country. Lack of educational resources Institutions around
developed countries have also contributed significantly to the cause for this migrations.
POLITICAL REASONS
The unattractiveness of agricultural activities, disasters, lack of basic amenities (roads,
electricity, portable water, and inadequate health care facilities) and industrial ventures in countries
have also encourage international migration.
SOCIAL FACTORS
Socially factors are things that affect someone’s lifestyle. These could include wealth, religion,
buying habits, educational level, family size and structure and population density.
CULTURAL FACTORS
The idea of culture is vital to understanding the implications for translation and despite the
differences of opinion as to whether language is a part of culture or not, the two are connected.
Culture ranges are from syntax, ideologies, religion, language and dialect, to art and literacy.
PUSH-PULL FACTOR
In geographical terms, the push-pull factors are those that drive people away from a place and
draw people to a new location. Combinations of push-pull factors help determine migration or
immigration of particular populations from one land to another.
Push Factors: Reasons to leave – Factors that lead migrants decide to leave their home.
Pull Factors: Reasons to migrate – Factors that attract people in are where immigrants are going.
One aspect of immigration that is seen to favor the receiving country is the payment of
remittances and the receiving of money back home. These massive flows of capital, from the wealthier
developed world to the poorer developing world, are also seen as crucial to economic growth.
Labor author Professor Klaus F. Zimmermann writes in his article on the negative effects of labor
mobility restrictions that migrants establishing themselves in another country will create a "brain
drain" in the sending country.
Research has shown, however, that workers migrate, find jobs, and then move on or return
home, disabling the misconception that immigrants stream into western nations to settle
permanently. This temporary migration has a positive impact on sending nations, as returnees are
more highly qualified and experienced, and are able to improve their domestic economy due to the
skills they have learned abroad.
From : https://tinyurl.com/y4pyhdeu
APPLICATION:
Direction:
Assessment
B. Enumeration
1-4 Give the 4 reasons why people migrate.
5-10 List at least 5 push factors in migration
References