Surface and Human Anatomy Notes
Surface and Human Anatomy Notes
Surface and Human Anatomy Notes
Surface Anatomy
Landmarks of Thorax
The 2nd thoracic vertebra in male, the 3rd thoracic vertebra in female
The beginning of aortic arch which ends posteriorly at the same level
Clavicle
Coracoid process
Costal arch
Infrasternal angle
Xiphocostal angle
Papillae
Boundaries
Regions
Thoracic wall
Thoracic cavity
Quadrants of Abdomen
Extremity
SPINE
LANDMARKS
Pelvis
Study of structure of body: the branch of science that studies the physical
structure of a human body.
Cell- Basic living units: have common characteristics, differ in structure and
function.
Tissue- A group of cells with similar structure and function: epithelial, connective,
muscle, nervous
Organ- Two or more tissues work together perform one or more common
function: eye, skin, stomach, heart
Anatomical Terminology
A plane is an imaginary surface that slices the body into specific sections.
The three major anatomic planes of reference are the Coronal (Frontal),
Transverse (Axial), and Sagittal planes,
Anatomical Position
Standing position with the body erect facing forward, feet slightly apart, arms
hanging and palms also facing forward.
Directional Terms
Explain and locate precisely where the body structure and its relation to
another.
Term Definition
Superior (cranial) Toward head end, above
Inferior (caudal) Away head end, below
Anterior (ventral) Front of the body
Posterior (dorsal) Behind the body
Medial Midline of the body, inner
Lateral Away from the midline, outer
Intermediate Between medial and lateral
Proximal Close to body origin
Distal Away from body origin
Superficial (external) Toward body surface
Deep (internal) Away body surface
Regional Terms
Axial Region- 1
Appendicular- 2
Limbs, or appendages
Sagittal Plane
Sagittal plane that exactly cut in the middle called midsagittal or median plane
Sagittal plane that offset from median line called parasagittal plane
Frontal Plane
Vertical line that divide the body to anterior and posterior parts
Transverse Plane
Terms of Motion
Body Cavity
Two subdivisions
Ventral Cavity
Two subdivisions