Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Speed Control of A DC Motor

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Speed
Control of a DC Motor
Resource Person
Sir. Awais Saeed
Lab Engineer,
Dept. of Electrical Engineering,
School of Engineering
Submitted By
Shahab Javed F2016019007
Farhan Attique F2016019014
Qasim Raza F2016019018
SUMMARY
The purpose of this report is to control the DC motors with the use of L298 motor driver with
Arduino-UNO. This project is consists of DC motor, Arduino and a motor driver. The variable
resistance is pass the analog signal to arduino and it work as PWM which further pass this signal
to motor driver to run the motor in both forward and backward direction.
This project is mainly consists of arduino and motor driver. Motor driver IC named L298d is
used to interfacing the DC motor with arduino. L298d consist of two H-bridge designed using 4-
transistor circuit that use to controlling the direction of rotation and speed of the DC motor. An
L298d has 4 input pins, 4 output pins, 2 enable pins, Vss, Vcc and GND. For driving the motors
it has a separate supply of 9v that provide to Vss of motor driver.
We were used only one DC motor, the first two input
pins of the IC are connected to the digital pwm pins of
Arduino i.e. 10 and 11. And two output pins of IC are
connected to a motor. Enable pin 1 of L298d is then
connected to the pwm pin 9 of arduino. We can run the
motor by giving a high signal at 10 th pin and low at 11th
pin and high at the enable pin. The 10 th and 11th pin of
arduino is used for controlling the direction of rotation
through the simple switch and the 9th pin is used for
regulating the speed of the motor. The speed regulation
is achieved by generating a PWM signal at enable pin
of the L298d
A potentiometer is used for determining the strength of
the PWM signal that is to be given at enable pin. The
output pin from the potentiometer is connected to
analog pin A0 of arduino. By varying the
potentiometer, the voltage at the A0 pin will varies
from 0 to 5v. This varying analog signal is then
mapped to desired value and uses for generating PWM
signal.
INTRODUCTION
Purpose
The purpose of our project is to control the DC motors with the use of L298d motor driver with
Arduino-UNO. This will work on Pulse Width Modulation method to control the speed of DC
motors. The main purpose of the motor speed controller is to take a signal representing the
required speed and to drive a motor at that speed. The advantage of this project is to reduce the
rpm of the motor to any desirable value.
Scope
The scope of this project is that this project can be used to control any speed control device by
using the technique of pulse with modulation. PWM is a commonly used technique for generally
controlling DC power to an electrical devices, made practical by modern electronic power
switches. PWM has also been used in certain communication systems where its duty cycle has
been used to convey information over a communication signals. But we will use this project as
for the controlling the high torque electric motor in the vehicle.
Plan of Development
In this project, we had to control the speed of two motors. For this we used the simple DC
motors of 6v with the H-bridge; motor driver L298D to drive the DC motors. Motor driver
further interface with Arduino UNO and the code were burning in to the Arduino. There was a
switch that work as the gear of the car and it was control the forward and backward direction of
the motors.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Objective is to interfacing of DC motor with Arduino, generate code for tuning motor to a
desired direction and controlling the speed of motor using a potentiometer. We were design
the following circuit to achieving our objectives. Which mainly consists of Arduino and
motor driver.
SIMULATION
HARDWARE
COMPONENTS DETAILS
Following components were used in this project:
 Arduino-UNO
 Motor driver L298D
 DC motor 6v
 Potentiometer 10K ohm
 SPST switch
 Battery 9v
 Others (Connecting wires, PCB board, Wooden base)
CONCLUSION
The Arduino board consists a 10-bit analog to digital converter. This means that it will map input
voltages between 0 and 5 into integer values between 0 and 1023. Analog write is used for
generating desired PWM signal at pin. The input parameters for this function are the pin number
and PWM value ranging from 0 to 253.
The Arduino board contains a 10-bit analog to digital converter. This means that it will map input
voltages between 0 and 5 volts into integer values between 0 and 1023.

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