MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AT LAGUNA

Academic Year 2018-2019

BARANGAY SANTA ANA LIVELIHOOD COMMUNITY CENTER

Abegail Laganson CAISEDO

Juan Luis Buenaventura LAPUZ
Calvin Ariel Abrenica TOLLEDO

Arch. Enrique Jose E. Valencia

Submitted to the Faculty of Malayan Colleges Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Architecture

The thesis attached, entitled “Barangay Santa Ana Livelihood Community Center”, prepared and submitted by Abegail L. Caisedo, Juan Luis B. Lapuz, and Calvin Ariel A. Tolledo in partial fulfillment of

the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Architecture is accepted.

Arch. Mario M. Capalad Arch. Ernesto O. Remolacio

Panel Chair Panel Member
_________________________________ ________________________________
Date Signed Date Signed

Arch. Enrique Jose E. Valencia

Adviser
______________________________
Date Signed

Arch. Wilfredo G. Gacutan

Program Chair, Architecture
_________________________________
Date Signed

Engr. Anthony Hilmer S. Medrano

Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture/Mapua Institute of Technology at Laguna
__________________________________
Date Signed
 Copyright

“The authors and the adviser authorize consultation and partial

reproduction of this thesis for personal use.

Any other reproduction or use is subject to copyright protection.

Citation should clearly mention the reference

of this work.”

Malayan Colleges Laguna, 24 January 2019

The Adviser:

Arch. Enrique Jose E. Valencia, UAP

The Authors:

Abegail L. Caisedo Juan Luis B. Lapuz Calvin Ariel A. Tolledo

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 Biographical Sketch

ABEGAIL LAGANSON CAISEDO was born in Calamba, Laguna in 1996 and currently resides in Cabuyao, Laguna. She is a graduate of the Infant Jesus Montessori Center Annex I (elementary, 2009), Infant

Jesus Montessori Center Annex I (high school, 2013), and Malayan Colleges Laguna (university, 2019) where she took her Bachelor of Science in Architecture. She was a member of the United Architects of the

Philippines Student Auxillary. Her interests and extracurricular hobbies include arts and crafts, music, travelling, and playing badminton.

JUAN LUIS BUENAVENTURA LAPUZ was born in Quezon City, National Capital Region, Philippines in 1996. His family moved to Sta. Rosa, Laguna, Philippines in 2000. He is a graduate of Laguna

BelAir Science School (elementary, 2009), PAREF Southridge School (high school, 2013), and Malayan Colleges Laguna (university, 2019) where he took his Bachelor of Science in Architecture. He was a

member of three school organizations, namely, the United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxillary, the Malayan Haus of Fashion, Malayan Kalikasan Mountaineering and Environmental Club (a chapter

of Ugnayan Kalikasan), and the founder of Archithink. His interests and extracurricular hobbies include biking, mountain hiking, weight lifting, writing prose and essays, reading economics, finance, and

history books, traveling, and volunteer work.

CALVIN ARIEL ABRENICA TOLLEDO was born in 1996. He is a graduate of the Infant Jesus Montessori Center (elementary, 2009), Infant Jesus Montessori Center (high school, 2013), Malayan Colleges

Laguna (university, 2019) where he took his Bachelor of Science in Architecture. He was a member of the United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxillary. His interests and extracurricular hobbies

include tinkering, arts and crafts, biking as well as target shooting.

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 Acknowledgement

We would like to thank our parents and our adviser Arch. Enrique Valencia, for the assistance and guidance in the preparation of this architectural thesis. We also want to thank our consultants Paul

Puthenperekal of SURE Philippines for the technical information and insights that have significantly influenced this paper, Efren Rellosa, BS Legal Management from Ateneo de Manila University, and Ryan

Trimanez of Malayan Colleges Laguna for assisting us in the site visits. The authors would also like to thank the assistance rendered by the Taytay Municipal Hall and the residents of Barangay Sta. Ana,

Taytay, Rizal.

To our parents for their endless support,

Mr. Teodoro Caisedo and Mrs. Gemma Caisedo

Dr. Edwin Roque Lapuz, MD and Atty. Maria Theresa Lapuz

Engr. Ortolani Tolledo and Engr. Mercidita Tolledo

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 Abstract

The Philippines is a highly urbanized nation. Around 11.86 million Filipinos live in the National Capital Regional (NCR) or Metro Manila, the center of economic, political, and social activities in the

Philippines. It is the most densely populated area in the Philippines. with 18,165.1 people per square kilometer. Adjacent to Metro Manila, Barangay Santa Ana in Taytay, Rizal faces challenges in livelihood or

job creation. With this problem in mind, the objective was to design a livelihood community center for the residents of Barangay Santa Ana. To realize that, the following data and methods were used, -

building codes, maps, and municipal documents procurement, case study analyses, interviews with industry professionals, community surveys, site selection and assessment, spatial translations, functional

concept translations, and elementary economic feasibility studies. Through this, the study identified two existing primary industries, namely, garments production and agriculture, as potential sources of

livelihood. In conclusion, with large support for such a project as shown in the community surveys and by taking into consideration similar projects through case studies in other areas in the Philippines, it was

determined that there is a need to architecturally design a community and livelihood center for Barangay Santa Ana specializing in garments production and small-scale agricultural education. The livelihood

community center designed is a complex of nine separate structures, one to two-storeys tall, occupying a developed area of 1.5 hectares. The main structures are a central area for visitors, garments production

facility, agricultural education zone, and a multipurpose hall for events.

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 Table of Contents List of Tables

Copyright i Table Number Title Page

Biographical Sketch ii 1 Bayan Ni Juan Community Center Analysis 5

Acknowledgement iii 2 Community and Livelihood Center in Barangay Lagundi Analysis 7

Abstract iv 3 Duran Farm Agribusiness and Training Center Site Analysis 7

Table of Contents v 4 Duran Farm Agribusiness and Training Center Building Analysis 7

Introduction 1 5 Panginabuhian: Bendum Livelihood Center Building Analysis 10

Review of Related Literature 4 6 Architectural Cost Estimates Detailed 23

Methodology 11 7 Architectural Cost Estimates Summary 24

Results and Discussion 12 8 Total Energy Consumption 25

Conclusion 57 9 Total Water Consumption 25

Recommendation 58 10 Total Electricity and Water Consumption Summary 26

References 59 11 On-site Electricity and Water Generation 26

Appendices 61 12 Meals Served Computations 26

List of Tables v 13 Farm Harvesting Computations 26

List of Figures vi 14 Biogas Production Computations 27

List of Appendices viii 15 Solar Harvesting Computations 27

List of Acronyms ix 16 Water Treatment Facility Production Computations 28

Definition of Terms ix 17 Material Recovery Facility Computations 28

18 Cafeteria Production Computations 28

19 Garments Production Computations 29

20 Operations and Production Computations Summary 29

21 Farm Equipment Costs 29

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22 Solar Panel Equipment Costs 29 List of Figures

23 Water Treatment Equipment Costs 30

24 Cafeteria Equipment Costs 30

25 Equipment Costs Summary 30 Figure Number Title Page

26 Garments Equipment Cost 30 1 Percentage Distribution of the Rural and Urban Philippine Population

27 Total Income Computation 30 from 1990 to 2010 1

28 Total Revenue Computations 30 2 Total Population of the Philippines from 1990 to 2010 1

29 Year-Round Harvest Chart 30 3 Line Graph and Table for Urban and Rural Population of the

30 Occupancy Load 31 Philippines from 1995 to 2010 1

4 Location of the Municipality of Taytay in the Province of Rizal 2

5 BNJ Community Center Site 4

6 BNJ Site Composition 5

7 BNJ Community Center Façade 5

8 Architectural Features of Barangay Lagundi Community and Livelihood

Center 6

9 Zoning for Duran Farms 8

10 Structural Components of the Livelihood Center Similar to Typical

Residential Buildings in Philippines 8

11 Almost Complete Center with Green Galvanized Iron (Metal) Roofing 9

12 Right Side Elevation of the Livelihood Community Center Showing

Exposed Structure 9

13 The Center Makes Use of Metal Grilles Instead of Typical Glass Windows

to Save on Construction Costs 9

14 This Low-cost Livelihood Center is Unpainted Inside but has Floor Tiles 9

15 This is the Make-shift Sewing Room with Donated Sewing Tables 10

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16 This is the Make-shift Metal Forgery to Promote the Indigenous 35 Fingerprint access control door lock and Key fob and Swipe card system 18

Iron-working Industry 10 36 Automatic motion detectors 19

17 Site Located in the Mouth of the Pasig River at Laguna Bay Beside 37 Intruder Alert Systems and Glass Break Detector 19

Metro Manila 12 38 Building built on stilts prevent water from getting inside 20

18 Approximate Dimensions of the Site from Google Maps 12 39 Need for a Community Center According to the Respondents 21

19 100-year Flood Projections for the Site and Areas Surrounding it 12 40 Appeal of the Community Center Design to the Respondents 21

20 Sun Path Projections for the Site and Estimated Sun Time on March 16 41 Respondents Who Agree with the Planning and Arrangement in the

Equinox 13 Design Plan 21

21 Sun Path Projections for the Site and Estimated Sun Time on June 22 42 Identity Board 29

Summer Solstice 13 43 Functionality Board 30

22 Sun Path Projections for the Site and Estimated Sun Time on 44 Security Board 31

September 21 Equinox 13 45 Sustainability Board 32

23 Sun Path Projections for the Site and Estimated Sun Time on December 22 46 Innovation Board 33

Winter Solstice 13 47 Exterior Perspectives 34

24 Site Contour Map 13 48 Interior Perspectives 35

25 Gender Profile of Agriculture Community Survey Respondents 14 49 A-01 Ste Development Plan 37

26 Age Profile of Agriculture Community Survey Respondents 14 50 A-02 Main Building Floor Plans and Elevations 38

27 Attendance of Respondents to Agricultural Events 15 51 A-03 Lecture, Clinic, and Utility Buildings Floor Plans and Elevations 39

28 Respondents’ Reasons for Attending Agricultural Events 15 52 A-04 Garments and Multipurpose Buildings Floor Plans and Elevations 40

29 Respondents’ Preference on the Purpose for an Agricultural Center 15 53 A-05 Guardhouse, Material Recovery Facility, and Water Treatment Facility

30 Importance of Agricultural Services According to the Respondents 15 Floor Plans and Elevations 41

31 Gender Profile of Garments Industry Community Survey Respondents 16 54 A-06 Sections 42

32 Age Profile of Garments Industry Community Survey Respondents 16 55 A-07 Schedule of Doors and Windows 43

33 Importance of the Garments Industry According to the Respondents 16 56 A-08 Reflected Ceiling Plans 44

34 Interest of Respondents in Having a Livelihood Community Center 17 57 A-09 Roof Plans 45

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58 A-10 Schedule of Finishes 46 List of Appendices

59 S-01 Floor Framing Plans 47

60 S-02 Site Foundation Plan 48

61 S-03 Roof Framing Plans 49 Appendix Title Page

62 P-01 Drainage Layouts 50 A Interview Questions for Mr. Paul Puthenperekal 61

63 P-02 Waterline Layouts 51 B Transcript of interview with Mr. Paul Puthenperekal 61

64 E-01 Electrical Computations 52 C Agriculture Survey Questions 64

65 E-02 Lighting Layouts 53 D Garments Industry Survey Questions 64

66 E-03 Power Layouts 54 E Design Appeal Survey Questions 65

67 M-01 Air-conditioning and Electric Fan Units Layout 55 F PHILGBC Green Building Checklists 66

G TESDA Forms 76

H Site Documentation 78

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 List of Acronyms Definition of Terms

MRF – Material recovery facility Community center – a place where people from a particular community can meet for social,

NAMRIA – National Mapping and Resource Information Authority of the Philippines educational, or recreational activities

NCR – National Capital Region, also known as Metro Manila Philippine Green Building Code – minimum requirements to design a sustainable building in the

PHILGBC – Philippine Green Building Council Philippines; a referral code to the National Building Code of the Philippines P.D. 1096;

PSA – Philippine Statistics Authority issued by the Department of Public Works and Highways of the Philippines

TESDA – Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

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 Introduction

The Philippines is a highly urbanized nation. As of 2010, 48.9% or 45,966,000 Filipinos live

in cities as shown in Figure 1 (Lindfield & Singru, 2010). Of these, 11.86 million Filipinos live in the

National Capital Regional (NCR). The region is also known as Metro Manila, the center of

economic, political, and social activities in the Philippines. Metro Manila is only 636 square

kilometers or 0.2% of the country’s total land area (Lindfield & Singru, 2010). It is the most densely

populated area in the Philippines, with 18,165.1 people per square kilometer (Lindfield & Singru,

2010). Metro Manila reflects the case of population explosion in the rest of country, as seen in Figure 2. Total Population of the Philippines from 1990 to 2010

Figures 2 and 3. Like many urban centers, Metro Manila faces challenges in livelihood or job (Source: Asian Development Bank)

creation.

Figure 1. Percentage Distribution of the Rural and Urban

Figure 3. Line Graph and Table for Urban and Rural Population
Philippine Population from 1990 to 2010 (Source: Asian
of the Philippines from 1995 to 2010 (Source: Asian
Development Bank)
Development Bank)

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 One particular community in need is Barangay Santa Ana, Taytay, Rizal. Located at the beneficial to the community if skills in this field are enhanced. Thus, the livelihood community

mouth of the historical Pasig River as shown in Figure 4, Taytay is home to 319,104 Filipinos center must cater primarily to the local garments industry.

packed in 38.80 square kilometers. It has a high population density of 8,200 people per square Taytay is also not far from agricultural areas. It would also be beneficial to the community if

kilometer (“Taytay’s pride and glory…,” 2018). This community is a good example of a highly agricultural livelihood projects are undertaken. For this purpose, the building will also have facilities

dense and urbanized settlement. Like many communities in urban areas, its residents are in need of to promote agriculture. This is defined as a commercial enterprise that links agricultural production

jobs. However, many of them lack appropriate vocational training or formal education due to their and processing with tourism to attract visitors to an agricultural business for entertaining and

poor financial situations. Livelihood education is a viable solution to this problem. educating visitors and to generate income business owner and community. Currently, there are 100

DOT (Department of Tourism) -accredited agritourism establishments in the Philippines, the pioneer

establishment being the Costales Nature Farm in Barangay Majayjay, Los Banos, Laguna set up in

2012 (Simeon, 2017).

Opportunities for employment in Barangay Santa Ana are few. In part, this is due to the lack

of financial resources, livelihood training, and business incentives. The barangay needs a livelihood

community center that can maximize its limited resources.

With increasing urbanization, communities or barangays in cities are growing at a staggering

rate. It is necessary to cater to the specific needs of each community to enhance the well-being of its

residents. Due to its close proximity to Metro Manila, its location along the Pasig River (a historic

site in itself), and a large expanse of land adjacent to it available for further development, Barangay

Santa Ana, Taytay, Rizal was selected for the study. Creating a community center in this area will

serve as an example to other high-density areas.

Figure 4. Location of the Municipality of Taytay in The objectives of this architectural project were to (1) create a livelihood center for the

the Province of Rizal (Source: Wikipedia) promotion of the local garment industry of Barangay Santa Ana, (2) promote agricultural awareness

in Barangay Sta. Ana, and (3) apply the Philippine Green Building Code issued by the Department of

For this purpose, a livelihood community center must be designed for Barangay Santa Ana. Public Works and Highways.

This is a place where local residents can be trained in local or relevant industries. There is an existing

though scattered garments industry in the area (“Taytay’s pride and glory…,” 2018). It would be

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 Scope and Delimitations of the Study Review of Related Literature

This study was limited to the development of a community center for the livelihood

development of the residents of Barangay Santa Ana, Taytay, Rizal. The paper was limited to

architectural work namely (1) site planning, (2) space planning, (3) form conceptualization, and (4)
Case Study 1: Bayan ni Juan Livelihood and Training Center
functional conceptualization. Other building aspects such as economic, legal, and structural
The “Bayan ni Juan” Livelihood and Training Center is a community center built on a 107-
feasibility were limited to basic concepts prior to this architectural work.
hectare property of BNJ (Bayan ni Juan) SouthVille 7, Calauan, Laguna by the National Housing

Authority. The site is part of a resettlement project launched by the ABS-CBN Foundation Inc. in

2009 with the support from KBPIP (Kabit Bisig Para sa Ilog Pasig) movement, which aims to

relocate 4,000 families and estero dwellers who lived along the Pasig River. The migrants were

moved here because they were an immediate threat to the environment, while also being threatened

by the environmental forces themselves. Thus, they were relocated. The BNJ livelihood and training

center provides shelter, livelihood, child welfare, environmental initiatives, micro-finance and

disaster-risk reduction programs to the relocated families.

The community center was erected before the arrival of the relocated families. This provided

livelihood training that helped build the community of BNJ. The people who chose to find work at

BNJ had the option of either being a factory worker for a greeting card company that ships

handmade cards to Europe and earn Php 500-1000 per week depending on their output, or as a food

manufacturer engaged in contract farming whose crops include macapuno, ube, banana and

coconuts. As a third option, BNJ also employs residents for its materials recovery facility to produce

concrete pavers from reused plastic from the site. All of these are covered in the community training

center (“ABS- CBN Foundation launches…,” 2009).

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 The site is accessed by the residential road as seen in Figure 5. It has 3 buildings in total, 2

training facilities north on its site (B), and one building for support and recreational use south of the

lot (C), on its west is a small garden where residents can practice their farming skills (D). Lastly, the

site includes a small open space just beside the farm for public use (E) as seen in Figure 6.

The community center features an abundance of vegetation and trees as seen in Figure 7. It

keeps the area clean by sporting trash bags spread around the site and integrating green design like

vine walkway covers and garden patches along the front of the site. Definitely not the highest budget

community center out there, yet the site still employs green design queues while fulfilling its purpose

to the surrounding community it is situated in. An architectural analysis was made in Table 1.

Figure 6. BNJ Site Composition

Figure 7. BNJ Community Center Façade

Figure 5. BNJ Community Center Site

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Table 1 with reflective coating to increase the amount of natural light entering the structure. These are all
Bayan Ni Juan Community Center Analysis
seen in Figure 8. It also has artificial lighting and is connected to the local electricity grid of Kiamba,
Strengths Weaknesses
Objectives The community center was erected to provide a means of education and Sarangani. Overall, the building provides a modern space where the local residents can gather and
livelihood skills to the estero dwellers from the Pasig river, providing them
with options towards rebuilding their lives. learn new skills compared to the otherwise unsuitable wooden structures in the province. From the
To be built effectively within a tight budget
Create a sense of hope to the people of the struggling community Barangay Lagundi community center, the Barangay Santa Ana livelihood and community center
To set in motion a trend where esteros will be relocated to properly built
communities and slow down the Philippines’ ever-growing squatting problem proposal adopted the construction of a low-rise structure that could be built by using local building
Advantages The center effectively provides livelihood options to the residents which are
relevant to the surrounding area know-how. The proposal also adopted the use of training facilities from this project. An architectural
Sufficient facilities to properly train its residents.
Makes use of the surrounding nature to its advantage. analysis was made and is shown in Table 2.
Efficient and optimized design using simple structures and open plan.
Disadvantages Not aesthetically pleasing
Open space for public use is lacking or non-existent
No dedicated parking spaces
Training facilities may be too weak to be used as a make-shift evacuation center
should the opportunity arrives

Case Study 2: Community and Livelihood Center in Barangay Lagundi, Kiamba, Sarangani,

Mindanao

Barangay Lagundi in Kiamba, Sarangani is a rebel hotspot contested by the Philippine

military and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. It is home to 2,077 people, a majority of whom are

Muslims. To remove the stigma of war, the community, with the help of the Mindanao Trust Fund

and the Bangsamoro Development Agency, decided to set up a livelihood training center in a 102.4

square meter lot in Purok 7 of Barangay Lagundi with a budget of Php 800,000. The community

center is for capacity-building activities such as seminars, training, symposia, technology

demonstration, conference, non-formal education (literacy) and other cultural activities that enrich its

customs and traditions as a heritage. This livelihood center is one step towards peace and progress in

the region (Acquitan & Tan, 2009).

Figure 8. Architectural Features of Barangay Lagundi Community
The community center is a single low-rise structure with a simple rectangular plan. It has a
and Livelihood Center (Acquitan & Tan, 2009)
hipped roof. It is cross-ventilated with windows on the two longest faces. Inside, it is painted white
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Table 2 Table 3
Community and Livelihood Center in Barangay Lagundi Analysis Duran Farm Agribusiness and Training Center Site Analysis
Criteria Remarks Strengths Weaknesses
Objectives Build community center for livelihood training in Purok 7 for poverty reduction Rural setting allows the site to enjoy fresh air Site does not feature PWD-compliant design
Provide space for seminars, training, symposia, technology demonstration, and ample water supply and access
conference, non-formal education (literacy) and other cultural activities Near-zero waste agricultural production due to Light construction methods on its agriculture
Remove negative stigma of Barangay Lagundi use of seedlings sector could be damaged or destroyed
Coordination between residents and the Mindanao Trust Fund and Bangsamoro Ample tourism facilities for the community and should a typhoon hit the location
Development Agency its visitors Dormitories may be too far from the main hall
Directly benefits 411 residents of Purok 7 Located near the market, decreasing the
Indirectly benefits remaining 1,665 residents of Barangay Lagundi transportation costs
Advantages Community-driven project On-site water reservoir and fishing pond
Meets livelihood and recreational needs of Purok 7
It is a simple low-rise structure with hipped roof
Modest undertaking, low-cost, at only Php 800,000
Used available modern construction materials and know-how (by Philippine Table 4
standards) Duran Farm Agribusiness and Training Center Building Analysis
The blue paint of the building is symbolic of peace Strengths Weaknesses
Disadvantages Small project; only 102.4 square meters
It only has only one mixed-use structure that can be used for one event at a time Training hall provides enough rooms and support Mixed construction and architectural styles
facilities to cater to its visitors cease to produce a sense of unity
Dormitories are sizeable enough to accommodate between the agricultural and tourism
a realistic amount of visitors sector of the site
Enough parking slots to accommodate the Lack of provisions for PWDs
visitors Decentralized tourism facilities make it
The abundance of greenery and use of windows difficult to navigate between spaces
decrease the building’s overall heat index Light construction on its greenhouses might
Large windows in the training hall helps become a concern if a typhoon occurs
Case Study 3: Duran Farm Agribusiness and Training Center decrease artificial lighting requirements

The Duran Farm Agribusiness and Training Center is a farm resort in San Ildefonso, Bulacan

that specializes in cultivating seedlings and organic vegetables, as well as providing training and This farm allocated 2,000 sq.m for its Training Center building, 5,000 square meters for its

seminars for existing and future farmers. Duran Farms is a leading enterprise in rural farming and vegetable production, producing vegetables, 5,000 square meters for fish ponds surrounded by fruit

community inclusion. They pioneered agritourism in Bulacan in 2003. It is a 3.6-hectare integrated bearing trees, 1,000 square meters for the livestock with native free-range chicken, ducks and pigs,

farm composed of various facilities ranging from, namely, Training Center Building, dormitories, 1,000 square meters for water resourcing (small water impounding, shallow tube, and wind mills),

rest house and gift shop, vegetable aisle, vegetable production area, fish pond, fruit tree line, and 2 hectares for palay production. A graphical representation of this allocation can be seen in

livestock area and, water impounding station. Architectural analyses can be seen in Tables 3 and 4. Figure 9.

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 Figure 9. Zoning for Duran Farms

Figure 11. Almost Complete Center with Green Galvanized Iron

Case Study 4: Panginabuhian - Bendum Livelihood Center
roofing (ESSC,2010)
Panginabuhian or the Bendum Livelihood Center is located at Barangay Bendum,

Malaybalay City, Bukidnon, Mindanao, Philippines. It is a livelihood center for the indigenous

Pulangiyen people of Malaybalay, Bukidnon. This community center intends to provide facilities for

local industries such as abaca processing, weaving, basic health clinic, and carpentry. It also provides

learning space for the education of the local community on local crafts. From the Bendum

Livelihood Center, the Barangay Santa Ana Livelihood and Community Center made use of

structural layouts for typical residential and commercial buildings in the Philippines with columns
Figure 12. Right Side Elevation of the Livelihood Community
spaced at regular intervals of 6000 millimeters. The proposal also made use of the provision of
Center Showing Exposed Structure (ESSC,2010)
separate rooms for specific industries. Notable architectural characteristics are seen in Figures 10 to

16. An architectural analysis is provided in Table 5.

Figure 10. Structural Components of the Livelihood Center Similar to Typical Figure 13. The Center Makes Use of Metal Grilles Instead of Typical Glass

Residential Buildings in the Philippines (ESSC,2010) Windows to Save on Construction Costs (ESSC,2010)
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 Table 5
Panginabuhian: Bendum Livelihood Center Building Analysis
Strengths Weaknesses
Low-cost Structural elements such as beams,
Locally-funded columns, and roof trusses are exposed
Built using local (Philippine) construction Exterior and interior walls are unpainted
techniques Metal grilles are used in place of standard
Single-storey structure glass windows
Provides minimum livelihood facilities for No electrical outlets and switches
garments and iron work
Makes use of passive ventilation and natural
lighting
Figure 14. This Low-Cost Livelihood Center is Unpainted Inside but has

Floor Tiles (ESSC,2010)

Figure 15. Make-shift Sewing Room with Donated Sewing Tables

(ESSC,2010)

Figure 16. Makeshift Metal Forgery to Promote the Indigenous Iron-

working Industry (ESCC, 2010)

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 Methodology Community Survey. The community survey was conducted to assess the opinions of the

Barangay Sta. Ana community. Random sampling was used due to site conditions. The

survey questionnaire was distributed to 50 randomly selected respondents who are residents

The objective was to design a livelihood community center for the residents of Barangay of Barangay Sta. Ana.

Santa Ana. To realize the primary objective, the following phases were followed (1) building codes, Spatial Translations. The building was designed according to the National Building Code,

maps, and municipal documents procurement, (2) case study analyses, (3) interviews with industry Taytay Comprehensive Land Use and Development Plan, Philippine Green Building Code

professionals, (4) community survey, (5) site selection and assessment, (6) spatial translations, (7) design guidelines for commercial buildings, and professional specifications provided from

functional concept translations, (8) economic feasibility, and (10) design consultation and approval. the interviews with industry professionals. Floor plans, elevations, sections, site development,

The researchers acquired preliminary data from online sources, published materials and interviews and exterior and interior perspectives were drawn and rendered with AutoCAD and Google

with professionals experienced in the fields of community center design, livelihood programs, and SketchUp.

agritourism. Case studies of existing facilities were analyzed spatially. Interviews with professionals, Functional Concept Translations. Following the research theme of Malayan Colleges

ocular visits, and case studies were the primary methods used in this paper. A community survey was Laguna, considering the data gathered and analyzed, and the preliminary space programming,

conducted to reinforce the study. The actual on-site survey was conducted to assess the opinions of functional concepts, namely, identity, functionality, security, sustainability, and innovation

the residents of Sta. Ana, Taytay, Rizal, Philippines regarding building a community center, the local were made. Consultations from industry professionals and surveys reinforced these

garment industry, and agritourism. translations.

Building Codes, Maps, and Municipal Documents Procurement. Design data from Economic Feasibility. For the economic feasibility of the building, a licensed architect well-

building codes, maps, and other municipal documents were essential to design a feasible versed in cost estimates was consulted.

structure. These were acquired from the Taytay Municipal Hall. Design Consultation and Approval. Every phase of the project was rigorously checked by

Case Study Analysis. The focus of this project was to design a community center. In line Architect Enrique Valencia, the thesis adviser. Revisions and recommendations from him

with this goal, spatial data and case studies on community centers, as well as agriculture sites, were incorporated into the final submission.

from published and online material were incorporated into the paper. The analyses were a Materials and Equipment. Autodesk AutoCAD was used to draw technical, dimensioned,

mix of previous analyses and the researcher’s own. and equipment accurate floor plans, elevations, and sections. Google SketchUp was used to

Interviews with Industry Professionals. The interviews took place in Ortigas. The create the three-dimensional form of the building. An extension program to Google SketchUp

interviews focused on getting technical data from industry professionals. called Chaos Media Group VRAY will be used to render the exterior and interior

perspectives. Lumion 8 and Filmora were used for the walkthrough.

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 Results and Discussion

Site Selection

The site selected is in Barangay Sta. Ana, Taytay, Rizal, Philippines. It is located near the

mouth of the Pasig River, on the Laguna Bay side (Figure 17). It is also right beside Metro Manila,

making it a good location for an agriculture and garments community center aimed at benefiting

Barangay Santa Ana. It has a total land area of 30,191.26 square meters or 324,976.07 square feet. It

has a frontage of 740.64 meters or 2,429.91 feet. It is right beside the Pasig River; its farthest point

from the river is 210 meters. The estimated lot dimensions from Google Maps can be seen in Figure
Figure 18. Borderline of Site from Google Maps
18. As in all sites adjacent to the Pasig River, flooding occurs. However, there is only low to

moderate flooding in this site (Figure 19). An estimated sun path and sun time table is shown in

Figures 20 to 23. There is also a site contour map (Figure 24) that supports the low to moderate

flooding findings.

Figure 19. One Hundred Year Flood Projections for the Site and

Areas Surrounding it (Source: nababaha.com)

Figure 17. Site Located in the Mouth of the Pasig River at Laguna Bay

Beside Metro Manila

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 Figure 23. Sun Path Projections for the Site and Estimated Sun Time on
Figure 20. Sun Path Projections for the Site and Estimated Sun
December 22 Winter Solstice
Time on March 16 Equinox

Figure 21. Sun Path Projections for the Site and Estimated

Sun Time on June 22 Summer Solstice

Figure 24. Site Contour Map

Figure 22. Sun Path Projections for the Site and Estimated Sun

Time on September 21 Equinox

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Interview Results and Analysis age group 51-60 years old. Five respondents did not identify their ages, classified as

Interview Analysis with Paul Puthenperekal, CFO and COO of Solutions for Renewable unidentified age group as shown in Figure 26.

Energy Consultancy Philippines.

Sustainable building features. For smaller scale projects, sustainable building

31 19
features require high capital expenditure. Rainwater and wastewater harvesting can be
Female Male
integrated into the design. You can save money by buying roofs with integrated solar

panel technology instead of adding solar panels after building the roof. However, a

solar roof absorbs and emits more heat than a regular roof. So, make sure you put a lot
Figure 25. Gender Profile of Agriculture Community Survey Respondents
of insulation underneath. Money can be saved by putting capital up-front, by spending

on sustainable technologies now to have savings in the future. With regards to passive

cooling, tunnels can be embedded six feet underground. This can take air from top,

blow it down, and circulate it underground until it naturally cools. It will then bring
16
the cooled air back up to the building. This works because the temperature gradient
14

Number of Respondents
six feet underground is always cool. However, this is not advisable in riverbanks. The
12
Philippines has a hot and humid climate. This means water can be harvested from the
10
air through the use of Atmospheric Water Generators or AWG. Many of these new 8

technologies are not yet priced but soon will be. 6

4
Agriculture Community Survey Results and Analysis. A sample size of 50 residents or
2
respondents was randomly selected in Barangay Sta. Ana, Taytay, Rizal, Philippines on
0
August 23, 2018. The results and analysis were as follows: 0 to 10 11 to 20 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 60 No age
Age Range
Demographics. Of the fifty respondents surveyed, nineteen were males while thirty-

one were females as shown in Figure 25. Eleven belong to the age group 11-20 years Figure 26. Age Profile of Agriculture Community Survey Respondents

old, fifteen belong to the age group 21-30 years old, twelve belong to the age group

31-40 years old, six belong to the age group 41-50 years old, while one belongs to the

12
Attendance to Agricultural Events. When asked about agricultural event attendance,

the majority of respondents, forty-one people, said they have not attended such an
5 4
event, while only nine respondents have, as shown in Figure 27. Among the nine
Need to be Urban
respondents who attended the event, four did it to avoid urban pressures, while five close to Pressure
nature
respondents did it to be close to nature as shown in Figure 28. When asked what

activities the respondents would like to have in the agricultural section of this

livelihood community center, two respondents wanted agricultural shows, fourteen

Figure 28. Respondents’ Reasons for Attending Agricultural Events
respondents wanted agricultural products selling, ten respondents wanted food
2
service, and thirty respondents wanted agricultural education. This means that a
Agricultural Show
majority of respondents prefer agricultural education and agricultural product selling

as main services for agriculture as shown in Figure 29. Forty-seven respondents 14

30 Agricultural
believe that these agricultural services are beneficial to their community as shown in
Agricultural Product Selling
Figure 30. Education
10
Food
Service

9
Yes
Figure 29. Respondents’ Preference on the Purpose for an Agricultural Center

41 1
2 Abstain
No
No

Figure 27. Attendance of Respondents to Agricultural Events

47
Yes

Figure 30. Importance of Agricultural Services According to the Respondents

13
 Agriculture Community Survey Analysis. In this barangay, half know what 18
agriculture is. However, only nine respondents have attended an agricultural event. Of 16

Number of Respondents
14
these nine, the main reasons are to escape urban pressures and to be closer to nature.
12
This community wants agricultural education as a primary service from an 10

agritourism center built in their area. Therefore, an agriculture center for Barangay 8
6
Sta. Ana must focus on providing an escape from urban life through an aesthetic
4
inspired by the natural environment, which also encompasses agricultural education. 2
0
Garments Industry Community Survey Results and Analysis. A sample size of 50
0 to 10 11 to 20 21 to 30 31 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 60 61 to 70
residents or respondents was randomly selected in Barangay Sta. Ana, Taytay, Rizal, Age Range
Figure 32. Age Profile of Garments Industry Community Survey Respondents
Philippines on October 18, 2018. The results and analysis were as follows:

Demographics. Of the fifty respondents surveyed, twenty-two are males while

twenty-eight are females as shown in Figure 31. Fourteen belong to the age group 11-
Garments Industry Results. All fifty respondents think the garments industry is
20 years old, sixteen belong to the age group 21-30 years old, eleven belong to the age
important in their community, as shown in Figure 33.
group 31-40 years old, four belong to the age group 41-50 years old, four belong to

the age group 51-60 years old, while one belongs to the age group 61-70 years old as

shown in Figure 32.

50

Yes

28 22
Female Male

Figure 33. Importance of the Garments Industry According to

the Respondents

Figure 31. Gender Profile of Garments Industry Community

Survey Respondents

14
 When asked about the possibility of having a livelihood community center for The form gives an impression of a continuous structure surrounded by nature. The

the education and enhancement of garment manufacturing skills, forty-eight center and main distribution and division of the structures act as branches. The circular shape

respondents gave a positive response, as shown in Figure 34. of the structure captures the breeze from all directions that gives even and constant

ventilation. The circular shape exposes the structure perpendicularly to the rays of the sun,
2
No thus receiving optimal amount of daylight and solar energy. The circular shape has many

interconnected points that gives the structure strength and makes it flexible. This also reduces

the impact of wind pressure. The circular shape has lower surface area and takes less energy
48
Yes to heat and cool the interior.

Functionality. The Livelihood Community Center project is composed of the main garment

building, farming area, administration, cafeteria, and energy harvesting facilities. The
Figure 34. Interest of Respondents in Having a Livelihood Community Center
Material Recovery Facility (MRF) is a facility that receives, separates and prepares

recyclable materials to convert it into energy or for marketing purposes. The water treatment
Garments Industry Community Survey Analysis. In this barangay, all respondents
facility is a processing facility to improve the quality of water. The gazebo is a roofed
agreed that the garments industry is important to their community. A majority also
structure that offers a view of the surroundings. The multipurpose hall is designed to hold
agree that they want a community center for livelihood training in small-scale
events that promote biogas production and hydroponics. The lecture rooms enable visitors
garments manufacturing. Therefore, such a project is necessary for their barangay.
and employees to gain awareness and learn about farming and sewing. The clinic is a facility

for diagnosis and treatment of patients or users of the site.

The recreational area provides recreational pursuits such as walking, sitting, relaxing,
Functional Concept Translations.

Identity. The Livelihood Community Center project combats the lack of livelihood among and other activities. The utility rooms house the electrical and mechanical room. The

the urban dwellers of Barangay Santa Ana. The center will train residents in their local textile administration building houses administrative offices. The cafeteria is where staff and visitors

industry and raise agricultural awareness. The project will also be a tourist center to attract can eat freshly harvested produce from the farm. The farm storage is a room where the

visitors. The form concept of the main architectural structures is lines and curvaceous. The harvested produce is stored before sending it to the local market. The garment building is a

circular shape of structure represents the top view of the tree in order to merge itself with the place where sets of design clothing is produced, pressed, packed then sent to the market. The

nature. Also, a circular shape reduces wall length, thus fewer materials will be used during farm is based on agritourism where the operation brings visitors and let them experience

construction. harvesting.

15
Security. Having an up-to-date security system is important to protect the visitors, staff, and Intruder alarms as shown in Figure 37 along selected building perimeters detect

equipment. An electronic access control system as shown in Figure 35 is an efficient and unauthorized entry. This system includes break glass stations, smoke detectors, magnetic fire

flexible way to secure and limit access to parts of the building meant for authorized doors, sprinklers, evacuation signals and signage, and alarms. Access controls, alarms,

personnel. sensors, and responses are integrated into one system as part of the larger building

management system. This permits greater control, better response, and improved flexibility,

security, lighting, and control of blinds and cameras.

Figure 37. Intruder Alert Systems and Glass Break Detector

Figure 35. Fingerprint Access Control Door Lock and Key Fob and Swipe

Card System Sustainability. This project makes use of solar panels, which are photovoltaic solar panels

that absorb sunlight and generate electricity. It also takes advantage of underground biogas,
Closed-Circuit TV System or CCTV systems as shown in Figure 36 consist of several
which is a renewable energy source from the breakdown of organic matter produced from
security cameras connected to central digital video recorder (DVR). CCTV images are
agricultural, municipal, and food waste. It also has a Materials Recovery Facility or MRF,
transmitted to a monitoring facility and remote devices. This allows responses to be
which is a sorting system of municipal and organic waste. The system recovers commodities
controlled, permit access to certain employees, and de-activate alarms.
with value for reuse. The remaining waste is segregated to isolate organics and provide stock

for biogas digestion systems. There is also water harvesting wherein water is harvested from

rain and rivers. It is then stored and processed in a water treatment facility. The water treated

is for the whole site. Excess water is redistributed to the community.

Existing architectural techniques such as natural daylight is used to save energy and

support the visual demands of building occupants. Passive cooling is applied along the

building envelope to minimize heat gain and natural sources of cooling such as air movement

and cool breeze is used with exception to the biogas facility, which requires artificial
Figure 36. Automatic Motion Detector
16
ventilation due to smells emitted from the production of biogas. There is also an HVAC or Figure 38. Building built on stilts prevent water from getting inside

Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning System. This provides thermal comfort and
Innovation. This project was inspired by the innovative use of structure horcones. These are
acceptable indoor air environment quality for the site’s tropical climate.
wood slats arranged as vertical sun shading along exposed walkways. For this project, it was
Sustainable materials used include Low E-Glass coating, which reflects unwanted
opted to use bamboo as an alternative to wooden slats. Also added to the project is the use of
heat energy coming from the sun while allowing visible light to pass through, and Treated
roof rainwater collector that can be stored in cistern tanks.
Bamboo, which is bamboo soaked in boric acid. It is a chemical compound often used as

antiseptic and insecticide. The treated bamboo eliminates starches, making it less susceptible
Economic Feasibility Translations
to fire and termite infestation preserving the material to last for as long as 30 years. It matures
Project Feasibility. The results of the two community surveys clearly show popular support
within 3-4 years. It has a high carbon sequestration capacity. It possesses ultimate tensile
for the project. The proponent, which is the community, is determined to support the project.
strength of 350 to 500 compared to cast iron with 200 and to concrete with 20 to 45. A third
Through this community support, it is hoped that local government, and possibly the national
material is Rice Hull Ash Cement or RHAC. This is ash from rice hulls or husks. It is
government, can undertake the project in this community’s behalf. The positive results from
affordable. It is added to cement solutions. Forty percent (40%) of the cement mixture can be
the community survey also make the project socially acceptable. From consultations, it can
rice hull. This still maintains standard cement quality. RHAC is also used in the production of
be said that there is a commonly known and widespread interest in developing a community
concrete hollow blocks. For insulation, the roofs are painted white, which has proven to
center. This makes the project culturally acceptable.
reflect 90% of sunlight. Fiberglass insulation was also used. This is a cost-effective thermal
The project follows building design guidelines of PD 1096 or the National Building
insulation and sound proofing. The R-value ranges from 2.9-3.8 that meets R-38 for warmer
Code of the Philippines, and the Philippine Green Building Code, which is a referral code to
climates.
PD 1096. For the design of community centers, Republic Act 9507 entitled “An Act
Resiliency. To prevent flooding, the structure is raised on stilts as shown in Figure 38. It
establishing livelihood and skills training centers” was used as reference. The architectural,
makes use of concrete piles attached to a concrete deck which serves as the ground floor of
electrical, mechanical, and plumbing computations provide the rough estimated cost of the
the structure.
project in construction and operation. It shows the project to be financially viable as an

affordable, publicly-funded government project.

The project makes use of standard rectangular column sizes (200 x 400 mm), typical

circular columns (500 mm diameter) to support an elevated ground floor, and standard

column spacing (not more than 6000mm between columns) as shown in the structural plan. It

makes use of a small currently market available biodigester and available solar panels to

17
 offset power use. Otherwise, as shown in the construction drawings, the facilities make use of
3
typical Philippine construction methods and fixtures for structural, plumbing, electrical, and No
mechanical components.

47

Design Appeal Survey and Results Yes

An additional survey was conducted to see if the community likes the overall design of the

project. For that survey three questions were asked among fifty respondents from Barangay Santa
Figure 40. Appeal of the Community Center Design to the Respondents
Ana, Taytay, Rizal. Here are the three questions with their corresponding results.
2
All fifty respondents want a community center as shown in Figure 39. Forty-seven of those
No
respondents also like the design of the community center as shown in Figure 40. Forty-eight

respondents agree with the planning and arrangements of the buildings in the site as seen in Figure

41. The results show that there is overwhelming support for the architectural design of the proposed 48
Yes
livelihood community center from the residents of Barangay Santa Ana.

Figure 41. Respondents Who Agree with the Planning and Arrangement in the Design Plan

50
Architectural Computations
Yes
In support of the architectural designs, architectural computations were made. These

computations arranged accordingly, to include cost estimates to determine construction cost of the

project (Tables 6-7), utility consumption and on-site generation estimates for water and electricity

Figure 39. Need for a Community Center According to the Respondents (Tables 8-11), production computations from the agricultural, garments, and renewable energy

facilities (Tables 12-20), equipment costs (Tables 21-26), income and revenue projections (Tables

27-28), a year-round harvest table (Table 29), and occupancy loads (Table 30).

18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
 Philippine Green Building

Following the trends of sustainable design, basic Philippine Green Building Standards from

PHILGBC or Philippine Green Building Council were followed through the use of industry-

standard-formatted checklists.

TESDA Programs and Accreditation

TESDA or the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority is a government

agency tasked to promoted vocational and livelihood training throughout the Philippines. For this

project, the following livelihood courses were adopted: (1) 10-month dressmaking (casual) NC 2, (2)

industrial sewing machine operator NC 2, (3) tailoring NC 2, (4) fashion design (apparel) NC 3, (5)

pattern making NC 2, (6) 10-month tailoring (casual) NC 2, (7) visual graphic design NC 3, (8)

agricultural crops production NC 1, NC 2, and NC 3, and (9) agricultural machinery operation NC 2.

Items 1 to 8 are under Certificate of Garments Technology. These are existing programs designed to

benefit communities through livelihood training in garments production and agriculture

(“Community Based…”, 2019).

27
Concept Boards Introduction

Concept boards are creative collages that present the basic idea of a project. The following

pages show the concept boards used in the presentation of the final thesis. These include (1) Identity,

(2) Functionality, (3) Security, (4) Sustainability, (5) Innovation, (6) Exterior Perspectives, and (7)

Interior Perspectives.

The Identity board explains the purpose of the building and the main inspiration for its

architectural form. The Functionality board shows the operations done on each part of the site. The

Security board presents the many security and fire alarm appliances used in the project. The

Sustainability board explains the different environmentally-friendly systems and devices used. The

Innovation board shows the latest architectural technologies adapted for the site.

28
Figure 42. Identity Board

29
Figure 43. Functionality Board

30
Figure 44. Security Board

31
Figure 45. Sustainability Board

32
Figure 46. Innovation Board

33
Figure 47. Exterior Perspectives

34
Figure 48. Interior Perspectives

35
Construction Drawings Introduction

Construction drawings are technical illustrations that present the architectural, structural,

electrical, plumbing, and mechanical elements of a building to guide contractors and construction

workers in erecting the building. For the project, twenty construction drawings sheets are shown, of

which there are eleven architectural sheets (Figures 50-59), three structural sheets (Figures 60-62),

two plumbing sheets (Figures 63-64), three electrical sheets (Figures 65-67), and one mechanical

sheet (Figure 68).

36
Figure 49. A-01 Ste Development Plan

37
Figure 50. A-02 Main Building Floor Plans and Elevations

38
Figure 51. A-03 Lecture, Clinic, and Utility Buildings Floor Plans and Elevations

39
Figure 52. A-04 Garments and Multipurpose Buildings Floor Plans and Elevations

40
Figure 53. A-05 Guardhouse, Material Recovery Facility, and Water Treatment Facility Floor Plans and Elevations

41
Figure 54. A-06 Sections

42
Figure 55. A-07 Schedule of Doors and Windows

43
Figure 56. A-08 Reflected Ceiling Plans

44
Figure 57. A-09 Roof Plans

45
Figure 58. A-10 Schedule of Finishes

46
Figure 59. S-01 Floor Framing Plans
47
Figure 60. S-02 Site Foundation Plan
48
Figure 61. S-03 Roof Framing Plans
49
Figure 62. P-01 Drainage Layouts
50
Figure 63. P-02 Waterline Layouts
51
Figure 64. E-01 Electrical Computations
52
Figure 65. E-02 Lighting Layouts

53
Figure 66. E-03 Power Layouts
54
Figure 67. M-01 Air-conditioning and Electric Fan Units Layout
55
56
 Conclusion community center such as a small biogas engine powered by food waste and solar roofing. As an

additional feature, the center will also accommodate agriculture facilities because the community is

not far from agricultural areas. Popular support for such an endeavor can be seen in the community

survey results, where 47 out of 50 or 94% of respondents see agriculture as beneficial to their

With the Philippines now a highly urbanized nation, it has modern problems such as the lack barangay. Similar to the Duran Farms in Bulacan, though different in setting, the community center

of livelihood. Barangay Santa Ana with a population of 8,200 people per square kilometer is one will have special facilities for agriculture. Unlike Duran Farms, the facilities will be small and

such community adjacent to Metro Manila. Its residents are in need of livelihood education and centralized or closely-linked. From the Duran Farms, the Barangay Santa Ana livelihood and

training to get out of poverty. There is an existing local garments industry. It would be appropriate to community center proposal adopted the arrangement of spaces for the agricultural education areas

have livelihood community center to cater to such needs. Forty-eight (48) out of fifty (50) or 96% of namely the provision of seedling greenhouses, access walkways, multi-purpose open courtyards, and

respondents agree in a community survey that such a project is necessary. plant production areas.

Bahay ni Juan by the ABS-CBN Foundation in Calauan, Laguna, and Barangay Lagundi Furthermore, it would best to have a simple single-storey structure such as the Bendum

Livelihood Community Center by the Mindanao Trust Fund – Bangsamoro Development Authority Livelihood Center that is passively ventilated and naturally-lit. This will make the Barangay Santa

in Kiamba, Sarangani are two examples of low-budget community centers built by non-government Ana Livelihood Center less energy-intensive in some areas. Locating the main structure amidst a lot

organizations. Both are small and simple in planning and design, community-driven, and primarily of greenery such as the Bendum Livelihood Center is ideal for recreational and gathering purposes of

for livelihood training in local relevant industries. These are existing examples in the Philippines that the community.

can be modified for use in Barangay Santa Ana, given the peculiarities of the community. From the Therefore, given the circumstantial evidence and supporting studies, a sustainable livelihood

Bayan ni Juan community center, the Barangay Santa Ana community center proposal adopted the community center with garments industry training and agriculture facilities is a viable project for the

effective use of nature to provide a peaceful atmosphere for residents and visitors. The proposal also benefit of the residents of Barangay Santa Ana. The site selected is vast with 30,191.26 square

made use of simple structures with small footprints similar to Bayan ni Juan. meters and is located in the barangay. For purposes of enhancing the project, standards set by the

However, both structures are not aesthetically pleasing. This is in part due to their low-budget Philippine Green Building Council through certain checklists, and selected TESDA vocational

but it is can also be due to lack of architectural design. This is where the Barangay Santa Ana project programs were added. In conclusion, the community wants to establish a community and livelihood

can be distinguished with good architecture. That aside, the case studies give this paper a model to center for Barangay Santa Ana.

follow: a community center must have sufficient facilities for livelihood training, must be low-

budget, and spaces for community events. With inputs from Paul Puthenperekal, an expert in

renewable energy, sustainable features can be added to the building to further enhance the

57
 Recommendation

This study is limited to Barangay Santa Ana and the main livelihood industries of garments

production and agricultural education. For further study, other architecture theses may focus on the

less notable industries in other barangays of Taytay, Rizal. Future theses may also focus on the retail

side of Taytay’s garment’s industry. Although structures are already existing, there is much to

improve upon.

58
 References National Structural Code of the Philippines, Fourth Edition. (1992). Board of Civil Engineering of

the Professional Regulation Commission. Retrieved from:

https://www.scribd.com/doc/10965492/National-Structural-Code-of-the-Philippines-NSCP-

ABS- CBN Foundation launches Bayan ni Juan sa Calauan. (2009, May 27). ABS-CBN News. Volume-1-Fourth-Edition

Retrieved from: https://news.abs-cbn.com/tv-current-affairs/05/27/09/abs-cbn-foundation- Panginabuhian: Bendum Livelihood Center Final Report. (2010). Environmental Science for Social

launches-bayan-ni-juan-sa-calauan Change (ESSC). 1/F Manila Observatory Building, Ateneo de Manila University Campus,

Acquitan, S. & Tan, E. (2009). A Case Study of Community and Livelihood Center, Loyola Heights, Quezon City 1108, Philippines: Institute of Environmental Science for

Barangay Lagundi, Kiamba, Sarangani, Mindanao. 26th Floor, One Global Place, Fifth Social Change.

Avenue Corner 25th Street, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig City, Philippines 1634: Mindanao Philippine Green Building Code: A Referral Code of the National Building Code of the Philippines

Trust Fund under World Bank (PD 1096). (June 2015). Department of Public Works and Highways. South Harbor,

Bayan ni Juan says project a success. (2013, December 14). Rappler News. Retrieved from: Bonifacio Drive, Port Area, Manila, Philippines: Department of Public Works and Highways

https://www.rappler.com/nation/45727-bayan-ni-juan-says-project-success Head Office

BP 344 Accessibility Law. (25 February 1983). National Council on Disability Affairs. Retrieved PD 1067 Water Code of the Philippines. (11 June 1979). Office of the President of the Republic of

from: https://kupdf.net/download/irr-of-bp-344-pdf_58bf7c3de12e89b258add377_pdf the Philippines. Retrieved from: http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/phi2078.pdf

Community Based Programs. (January 2019). Technical Education and Skills Development PD 1096 National Building Code of the Philippines with Revised Implementing Rules and

Authority. Retrieved from: https://www.tesda.gov.ph/About/TESDA/37 Regulations. (30 April 2005). Office of the President of the Republic of the Philippines. 28

Fajardo, M. (2002). Planning and Designer’s Handbook, Second Edition. 24 Bell St., Filinvest Consul St., Fairview Park Subd., Quezon City, Philippines: Vicente B. Foz Publishing.

Homes II, Batasan Hills, Quezon City, Philippines: 5138 Trading PD 1185 Fire Code of the Philippines with Implementing Rules and Regulations. (24 June 2009).

Lindfield, M. & Singru, R. (2010). Republic of the Philippines National Urban Assessment. 6 ADB Office of the President of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved from:

Avenue, Mandaluyong City 1150 Metro Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank. http://bfp.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Fire-Code-of-the-Philippines-2008-IRR.pdf

Lora, S. (2016) Bayan ni Juan o Pasan ni Juan. Block 31 Lot 19 A. St., New Capitol Rodriguez, F. (2014, March 7). PH Agriculture: Why is it important? Retrieved from:

Estates, 1 Bonifacio, Quezon City, Metro Manila: Center for Disaster Preparedness. https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/issues/hunger/52372-agriculture-hunger-food-security

Simeon, Louise Maureen. (2017, December 9). Farm tourism gears up as next sunrise
industry. Retrieved from:
https://www.philstar.com/business/agriculture/2017/12/09/1766825/farm-tourism-gears-next-
sunrise-industry

59
Spons Architects and Builders Price Book 2018, 143th Edition. (2018). AECOM Technology

Corporation. 130 Park Drive, Milton Park, Abingdon, OX14 4SE, United Kingdom: Spon

Price Books, Taylor & Francis.

Taytay’s pride and glory are the talents and skills of its people. (2018, 5 December). Retrieved from:

https://www.taytayrizal.gov.ph/about-best-taytay

60
 Appendices Appendix B

Transcript of interview with Mr. Paul Puthenperekal

(Interviewed by Juan Luis Lapuz)

Appendix A

Interview Questions for Mr. Paul Puthenperekal Paul: “So, yeah, using urban agriculture… because urban agriculture will die. It’s so polluted.

There’s a lot of waste in this location. So, I’m just telling you that if you want urban agriculture, you

1. What innovative or new river cleaning and waste disposal methods can we apply to the Pasig can grow kangkong, it will grow everywhere in that area but that’s it.

River? Second, if there is a waste coming out of the process, what are you going to do with it? So,

2. What waste blocking methods can we use to prevent trash from entering our segment of the what’s the design for that? So, I think if you make a flow chart of your concept, you can now give a

Pasig River? more focused approach to each of those either an activity or a design of that activity. Tama? You get

3. What should a Material Recovery Facility for agricultural use contain? What particular what I am saying? Kasi I’m not so… this is my first time to address an architecture class.

equipment? Are there any existing examples in Metro Manila or South Luzon?
I’m very… that’s why if you’d had any other science background, I would get a lot more
4. What specific types and combinations of solar panels and wind turbines should be used in an
technical about it but I’m trying my best. So, you ask me the more questions I can try to relate to you
outdoor hydroponics production facility?
but the way I see it, I think no one of you has looked at it from a process perspective. Okay, you are
5. How can we convert trash into power without burning it or emitting smoke?
trying to look at it from a design perspective which is good which should be your focus. But the
6. Is there a way to harness methane from decomposing material without burying it?
utility of that design is based on a set of process and activities because you are now not talking about
7. What reusable or recyclable building materials can we incorporate into our structure?
an office. You’re talking about a functional area right? So, what comes first? What happens on a day
8. What in-house sewage and waste water recycling treatment system do you recommend we
to day basis? So how those materials move around in a process? That’s what you need to look at.
use? Is there a specific brand? Is there a building or company currently using it?
Okay, so case in hand.
9. What should we do with the acid removed from hydroponics water waste? Are there existing
Natural biogas, okay? It is in our ranking, why? Kasi we eat the best possible food compared
technologies that can convert acids into power?
to other animals. So, cows eat grass and pigs eat whatever but we eat a lot of processed food. It is
10. Is it possible to grow algae along the Pasig River? If so, are there existing technologies in the
cooked and broken down. A lot of waste is very good for biogas production.
Philippines for algae power production?

You got a very high energy contender to do with. When it comes to biogas, yung mga small

engines, 10 kilowatt, 5 kilowatt, these engines are very hard to maintain on a daily basis. The larger

61
the engine, the easier it is to maintain. The smaller the engine, the more difficult it is to maintain. So, one very basic rule about passive heating and cooling. Do you guys know why we bury people six

it’s not impossible, it can be done but the cost of running a small engine along with the technician is feet below the ground? Ever thought of it? Bakit naman? Para hindi siya gising? Haha, why 6 feet?

going to be a little tedious to do. There is a science behind it.

Luis: “Aye sir” There is a temperature gradient below 6 feet. The air is always cool at that point. So,

wherever you can, if you have a cut below six feet from your level, you can insert pipes and harvest
Paul: “Because I have a lot of things on going in this space so we will see how best to handle this.
the cool energy inside or if you are making the foundation of a house of a building for example,
You said the magic word kasi, low budget. For smaller scale kasi it becomes a higher capital
make a trench because you need to make your foundations. Usually in the Philippines, it’s easy to go
expenditure model. So, if you integrate the rainwater harvesting as part of the design, also you can
5 meters very often. So, why are we doing that? We can actually imbed tunnels where you can intake
integrate some design for… usually you have a container for the waste from the toilets and all that.
air from the level or take air from top, blow it down, circulate it to that level, it will naturally cool,
If you are offsetting your roof, you can save a lot of money. Usually people build a roof first
and bring the air back up. For large centers, community centers, you can do that. It saves a lot of
then go put a solar on top of it. So, you have the cost of the roof anyway. Then you have a double,
energy. In fact, you don’t need fans, it’s that cool.”
additional charge. Today, you get roofs that are integrated with the solar panels, integrated with the
Luis: “Sir, is that possible in a riverbank due to the type of soil?”
roof. Not fancy but at least you save on the roofing material itself. As a downside to that, you know

what the downside is; solar panels emit a lot of heat. It absorbs a lot of heat. It emits a lot of heat. Paul: “You might get your river water in your pipes going down. Riverbank is not advisable. But

You need to put a lot of insulation on your lower part of the thing. Otherwise, the whole room will be wherever you make a foundation you can always think of passive cooling. It’s a very attractive

very hot. solution. The other thing is heat pumps which are very common in countries where you need a lot of

heat blowers in your rooms, okay.

You need just inputs on costing. So, you can do a cost benefit analysis on each of your aspect

and do a life cycle cost. Say, you want to run this for 10 years, for 20 years, you have to have a But in the case of heat pumps, you can also use it to produce cold air. It’s the opposite of air-

program. You may be paying a lot more on a yearly basis but you may save money if you put capital conditioning. The second thing that is happening in the trend is called atmospheric water generators,

up-front. Should we put solar now? Should we put it later? It’s a question of how you address the AWG, kasi in most countries, where we are, we get a lot of humidity, a lot of moisture in the air. So,

cost benefit of selecting a roof like this or another type of roof to begin with. we can run simple equipment to harvest that water. So, it’s called atmospheric water generators.

Surprisingly, no one has asked one question on how energy efficient buildings can be in You can incorporate simple next generation ideas into your mind so we can see how you can

terms of cooling since we don’t have that much heat requirements in winter time. So, I’m presuming, harvest that. Some of that are not fully commercial or priced, is not there yet, but keep in mind it will

you guys have other courses on how to orient your windows or how to do that kind of stuff. There’s happen really soon. Okay, the biggest challenge for anything like this also is the air quality, most

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urban places where we are, the air quality is getting worse and worse. So, how do you look at a Paul: “No, I mean, I’m just giving you the… you can put it as a risk management line. You could

design set-up to incorporate a certain amount of greens into your system and what kind of greens are identify the risk already. So, parang, you know, when you study that, you could also see the elements

you going to use there because that’s what we usually work on as renewable energy consultants. in an area. So, para you can, why not you build it 2 meters above? You’re building it on a higher

level because water will come rising and keep going back right?
So, within the Philippines, I have got real close with landscape architects in developing that

indoor air quality or air quality around your building. So, you work with certain plants, with certain Then, if it’s on a high level, the portion below that, you can harvest the hyacinth. It will keep

type of input-output stuff. If you are very interested in that, you guys can do that. So, what else? My coming in and you can harvest it there but there will be a lot of mosquitoes because it also attracts

only comment is too many things in one attempt. So, how do you break it down to master plan? mosquitoes, water hyacinth. I like this, very nice.

Phase 1, phase 2? What should come first? Target beneficiaries? Ano profile nila? You have all that
Paul: “I think there is only one conflicting issue here. The area where you are collecting all the waste
information with you? Is there a need established? Things like that. Interesting but there is a reality
and doing all this; and then the second is that you’re doing all the food on the same location. It might
check you guys need to do on this.
be a little bit of a conflict for contamination.”

Tell Ricky I said that, don’t waste your money on a river.”

Luis: “Do you suggest we remove the hydroponics, to avoid cross contamination, even this small

Luis: “Yes sir, we will allow the flood to enter.” area? Should we provide an architectural barrier?”

Paul: “Let the flood come, let the flood go. You live above the flood level. You are happy. That’s Paul: “Yes, provide an architectural barrier. The MRF must be in a covered facility controlled. You

where you see everyone is built on the flood level. And their first level, every Ondoy, their first level can also have an ornamental plant near the waste processing area.”

is flooded, okay? Kaya nga it’s called a flood way. You live on the flood way then you blame the
Luis: “Okay, sir. The rest are purely architectural already. Following your advice, the hydroponics
government we are all being flooded.”
and biogas, since they are separated by a road, we can initially put up barriers across the road to

Luis: “But just in case sir, following the building code, we placed a 15 to 20 meter set back. So, at avoid cross contamination.”

least, minor floods will not hit the area. Now, in line with the cleaning facilities, we provided an
Paul: “Yes, pwede na; you can do long bamboo fence which is okay which also helps in the flood
material recovery facility, water treatment facility, and a possible waterway for aquaponics but that is
control.”
still subject to change. Unfortunately, we only provided one channel in and out, still subject to

change. Then, we also have a water treatment facility to be used for the hydroponics kasi the water is

not…”

Luis: “Would you like us to move to a different location?”

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 Appendix C Appendix D

Agriculture Survey Questions Garments Industry Survey Questions

1. Do you know what is agriculture?

a. Yes 1. Do you think the garments industry for the production of clothes and cloth material is

b. No important to your community?

2. Have you attended any agriculture event? Or, have been to any agriculture center? a. Yes

a. Yes b. No

b. No 2. Do you want to have a community livelihood center where you can learn and enhance the

3. (If Yes) What made you decide to attend an agritourism activities? (You may choose more production of clothes and cloth?

than one) a. Yes

a. Urban pressures b. No

b. Tensions

c. Ample time

d. Need to be close to nature

4. What kind of activity or services you would like to find in an agritourism center? (You may

choose more than one)

a. Agricultural show

b. Agricultural products selling

c. Food service

d. Agricultural education

5. Do you agree that agritourism is beneficial to your community?

a. Yes

b. No

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 Appendix E

Design Appeal Survey Questions

1. Do you want to build this community center shown in the images?

a. Yes

b. No

2. Do you like the façade design of the community center?

a. Yes

b. No

3. Do you like the planning and arrangement of the buildings of the site?

a. Yes

b. No

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 Appendix F

Philippine Green Building Checklists

1. Architectural Checklist

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2. Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) Calculator

3. Operable Window Calculator

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4. Thermal Resistance Calculator

5. MRF Floor Area Calculator

6. Unpaved Surface Area Calculator

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7. Electrical Checklist

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8. Lighting Power Density Calculator for Electrical Checklist

72
9. Plumbing Checklist

73
10. Rainwater Harvesting Tank Calculator

11. Mechanical Checklist

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12. Minimum Ventilation Rate Calculator

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 Appendix G

TESDA Forms

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 Appendix H

Site Documentation

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