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Water
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Advances in Biological Technologies for Wastewater Treatment
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Advances in Biological Technologies for Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 1590

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jingqing Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: wastewater treatment; environmental remediation; constructed wetlands; environmental management; environmental biology
Dr. Panpan Liu

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: bioenergy; regenerative fuel cells; bioelectricity; microbial electrochemical technology; low-carbon treatment technology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The process of wastewater treatment ensures the preservation of safe and reliable water resources and is, consequently, indispensable for safeguarding public health, environmental integrity, and global economic stability as well as fostering pathways towards sustainable development. Biological technologies have long been integral to wastewater treatment and have become intertwined with considerations of treatment efficacy, financial investment, energy requirements, operational flexibility, and environmental impact. Recent efforts have focused on exploring novel biological technologies to enhance wastewater treatment; however, the challenge lies in reconciling treatment effectiveness with sustainable development goals to eliminate contaminants from wastewater, utilize renewable energy sources, and adhere to increasingly stringent regulatory standards.

This Special Issue of Water aims to disseminate cutting-edge research on the contemporary application of biological technologies in wastewater treatment and, by doing so, seeks to boost the performance of wastewater treatment while simultaneously reducing costs through potential nutrient and/or energy recovery. Authors are encouraged to contribute original research and new insights on advances in this important field.

Prof. Dr. Jingqing Gao
Dr. Panpan Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wastewater treatment
  • biological technologies
  • nutrient recovery
  • environmental microbiology
  • hydrophytes
  • emerging contaminants
  • carbon neutrality

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 2639 KiB  
Article
Low Strength Wastewater Treatment Using a Combined Biological Aerated Filter/Anammox Process
by Wanying Xie, Ji Li, Tao Song, Yong Li, Zhenlin Wang and Xiaolei Zhang
Water 2024, 16(19), 2821; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16192821 - 4 Oct 2024
Abstract
To achieve the in situ capacity expansion of the post-denitrification biological aerated filter (BAF-DN), the integration of BAF with the anammox process (BAF/AX) was proposed. With the objective of maximizing retaining ammonia nitrogen, the operational optimization of BAF was achieved by two distinct [...] Read more.
To achieve the in situ capacity expansion of the post-denitrification biological aerated filter (BAF-DN), the integration of BAF with the anammox process (BAF/AX) was proposed. With the objective of maximizing retaining ammonia nitrogen, the operational optimization of BAF was achieved by two distinct strategies. The treatment performance of BAF demonstrated that the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen () was 66.3~67.3% and 4~12%, respectively, under conditions of low aeration intensity (0.4 m3·m−2·h−1) or a shortened empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 30 min. Residual in the BAF effluent served as the ammonia substrate for the subsequent anammox process, which was successfully launched by using ceramic particles and sponges as carriers. Notably, the sponge carrier facilitated a shorter start-up period of 41 to 44 days. Furthermore, the sponge-based anammox reactor exhibited a superior removal capacity (≥85.7%), under operations of a shorter EBRT of 40 min, low influent concentrations (≤30 mg/L), and COD levels of ≤67 mg/L. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation of the BAF/AX process was conducted, which considered performance, cost-effectiveness, and engineering feasibility. The performance results illustrated that the effluent quality met the standard well (with a COD level of ≤50 mg/L, and a TN of ≤3.1~10.5 mg/L). Following a comparison against the low aeration intensity operation, it was recommended to operate BAF at a low EBRT within the BAF/AX process. Consequently, the treated volume was double the volume of the standalone BAF-DN, synchronously achieving low costs (0.413 yuan/m3). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biological Technologies for Wastewater Treatment)
16 pages, 1545 KiB  
Article
Optimized Design of Modular Constructed Wetland for Treating Rural Black–Odorous Water
by Luyang Li, Zheng Zhang, Yu Shen, Bing He, Yuang Fu, Shuangshuang Kou and Jingqing Gao
Water 2024, 16(17), 2492; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172492 - 2 Sep 2024
Viewed by 493
Abstract
In recent years, the phenomenon of black–odorous water has occurred frequently, and constructed wetlands have been widely used as an effective means of treating black–odorous water. In order to achieve the goal of low-carbon and high-efficiency long-term clean-up of black–odorous water, the modular [...] Read more.
In recent years, the phenomenon of black–odorous water has occurred frequently, and constructed wetlands have been widely used as an effective means of treating black–odorous water. In order to achieve the goal of low-carbon and high-efficiency long-term clean-up of black–odorous water, the modular constructed wetland system was optimized in this study. The optimized modular constructed wetland consisted of aeration, denitrification, and phosphorus removal, of which the denitrification module was a sulfur–iron autotrophic denitrification unit and the phosphorus removal module was a polyaluminum chloride composite filler phosphorus-removal unit. Experimental findings indicated that modular systems with layout ratios of 1:3:1 (A) and 1:2:2 (B) exhibit outstanding performance in remediating contaminants from black–odorous water. Notably, system B demonstrated superior treatment efficiency. Under conditions of high pollution loading, system B consistently achieved stable removal rates for COD (95.79%), TN (91.74%), NH4+-N (95.17%), and TP (82.21%). The combination of along-track changes and high-throughput sequencing results showed that the synergies among the units did not produce negative effects during the purification process, and each unit realized its predefined function. Changes in the substrate and internal environment of the wetland units caused changes in the microbial populations, and the unique microbial community structure of the units ensured that they were effective in removing different pollutants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biological Technologies for Wastewater Treatment)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Wetland fillers, in order of ceramic, volcanic rock, lapis lazuli, sulfurous iron ore, and polyaluminum chloride composite filler.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Schematic diagram of experimental device (The aeration, nitrogen-removal, and phosphorus-removal modules in the two systems is A (1:3:1) and B (1:2:2), respectively).</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Contaminant-removal performance of constructed wetland under different pollution loads: (<b>a</b>) COD; (<b>b</b>) TN; (<b>c</b>) NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N; (<b>d</b>) TP.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Contaminant-removal performance of pollutants in each unit of the wetlands: (<b>a</b>) COD; (<b>b</b>) TN; (<b>c</b>) NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N; (<b>d</b>) TP.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Relative abundance of different CW samples at the phylum (<b>a</b>), class (<b>b</b>), and genus (<b>c</b>) taxonomic ranks.</p> Full article ">
13 pages, 12658 KiB  
Article
Research and Prevention of Harmful Gases in Special Structures of Urban Deep Drainage Systems
by Hao Liu
Water 2024, 16(17), 2481; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16172481 - 31 Aug 2024
Viewed by 433
Abstract
Wastewater remaining in pipes for extended periods can create anaerobic environments, fostering the growth of anaerobic bacteria and producing harmful gases such as methane and hydrogen sulfide. Additionally, certain structures within drainage systems, such as drop shafts and vertical shafts, induce turbulent flow, [...] Read more.
Wastewater remaining in pipes for extended periods can create anaerobic environments, fostering the growth of anaerobic bacteria and producing harmful gases such as methane and hydrogen sulfide. Additionally, certain structures within drainage systems, such as drop shafts and vertical shafts, induce turbulent flow, causing the release of dissolved harmful gases, which pose significant risks to public health and urban infrastructure. This study focused on the investigation and analysis of vertical shafts with helical tray structures in drainage systems. Using ANSYS 2021 R2 software, simulations of the shafts were conducted by employing the standard k-ε turbulence model and Eulerian multiphase flow method to simulate the shaft’s operation and obtain various parameters of hydrogen sulfide release. Concurrently, a scale model constructed in the laboratory was used to study and analyze the release of hydrogen sulfide gas dissolved in water from this type of structure. Combining the simulation and laboratory experiments, the hydrogen sulfide gas release rate from water in this structure was 0.05–0.4%. This research provides a reference for the study and control of hydrogen sulfide gas release. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Biological Technologies for Wastewater Treatment)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1
<p>Simulation experimental model.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Model meshing.</p> Full article ">Figure 3
<p>Experimental shaft model.</p> Full article ">Figure 4
<p>Morphological transformation of sulfides under different pH environments.</p> Full article ">Figure 5
<p>Experimental system diagram.</p> Full article ">Figure 6
<p>Experimental water tank.</p> Full article ">Figure 7
<p>Gas detector.</p> Full article ">Figure 8
<p>Experimental circulation system.</p> Full article ">Figure 9
<p>Hydrogen sulfide gas volume fraction contour map in the vertical shaft at different times.</p> Full article ">Figure 10
<p>Monitoring points in the simulation model.</p> Full article ">Figure 11
<p>Hydrogen sulfide volume fraction curves at three different inflow speeds: (<b>a</b>) V = 0.05 m/s; (<b>b</b>) V = 0.075 m/s; (<b>c</b>) V = 0.1 m/s.</p> Full article ">Figure 12
<p>Hydrogen sulfide concentration curves at three different inflow speeds: (<b>a</b>) V = 0.05 m/s; (<b>b</b>) V = 0.075 m/s; (<b>c</b>) V = 0.1 m/s.</p> Full article ">Figure 13
<p>Hydrogen sulfide concentration curves at three different sulfide ion concentrations: (<b>a</b>) C, S<sup>2−</sup> = 10 mg/L; (<b>b</b>) C, S<sup>2−</sup> = 20 mg/L; (<b>c</b>) C, S<sup>2−</sup> = 40 mg/L.</p> Full article ">
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