Water 2024, 16(23), 3350; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16233350 (registering DOI) - 21 Nov 2024
Abstract
The role of trees in watershed hydrology is governed by many environmental factors along with their inherent characteristics and not surprisingly has generated diverse debates in the literature. Herein, this conceptual meta-analysis provides an opportunity to propose a conceptual model for understanding the
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The role of trees in watershed hydrology is governed by many environmental factors along with their inherent characteristics and not surprisingly has generated diverse debates in the literature. Herein, this conceptual meta-analysis provides an opportunity to propose a conceptual model for understanding the role of trees in watershed hydrology and examine the conditions under which they can be an element that increases or decreases water supply in a watershed. To achieve this goal, this conceptual meta-analysis addressed the interaction of forest cover with climatic conditions, soil types, infiltration, siltation and erosion, water availability, and the diversity of ecological features. The novelty of the proposed conceptual model highlights that tree species and densities, climate, precipitation, type of aquifer, and topography are important factors affecting the relationships between trees and water availability. This suggests that forests can be used as a nature-based solution for conserving and managing natural resources, including water, soil, and air. To sum up, forests can reduce people’s footprint, thanks to their role in improving water and air quality, conserving soil, and other ecosystem services. The outcomes of this study should be valuable for decision-makers in understanding the types of forests that can be used in an area, following an approach of environmental sustainability and conservation aiming at restoring hydrological services, mitigating the costs of environmental services, promoting sustainable land use, managing water resources, and preserving and restoring soil water availability (SWA) when investing in reforestation for watershed hydrology, which is important for the human population and other activities.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Dynamics and Water Resource Management)
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Figure 1
Figure 1
<p>Conceptual models of water mass balance of a tree canopy delineated by the upper control volume and the soil water of the underlying control volume of the porous media. In this figure, the tree canopy refers to the upper layer of a standalone tree, formed by its leaves and branches.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Relationship between trees and a part of vertical water fluxes and soil water availability, illustrating differences between fast- and slow-growing forests. Fast-growing forests have a larger impact on soil water availability due to their higher transpiration rates, especially when young.</p> Full article ">
<p>Conceptual models of water mass balance of a tree canopy delineated by the upper control volume and the soil water of the underlying control volume of the porous media. In this figure, the tree canopy refers to the upper layer of a standalone tree, formed by its leaves and branches.</p> Full article ">Figure 2
<p>Relationship between trees and a part of vertical water fluxes and soil water availability, illustrating differences between fast- and slow-growing forests. Fast-growing forests have a larger impact on soil water availability due to their higher transpiration rates, especially when young.</p> Full article ">
