Track and Field Athletics

Introduction: Non-disabled throwing athletes face unique challenges related to injuries and pain in the upper body due to high demands placed on the shoulders and upper limbs. However, there is limited research on the epidemiology of sports injuries in para athletes participating in the Para Athletics throwing events. Hence, the aim of this study was to describe the types of injuries and their prevalence among Para Athletics throwers (PATs) Material and methods: The main outcome was the 12-month prevalence of sports injury. Data were collected from PATs of any level, using an online questionnaire, and was analysed by calculating median, interquartile range, frequencies, percentages, and confidence intervals (CI). The chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to analyse differences in injury prevalence and injury onset between different subgroups. Results: The study included 60 PATs (42 men, 18 women) with a variety of impairments. The 12-month period prevalence of injury was 40% (n = 24; 95% CI: 27.5-53.4), with the highest prevalence observed in athletes with blindness/ low vision and intellectual impairments (75%, 95% CI: 19.4-99.4). Injuries affected primarily the shoulders (22.8%) and elbows (25.3%). The most common type of injuries were muscle strains (30%) and tendinopathies (25%). The proportion of injuries did not differ significantly between subgroups. Most injuries (88.6%) occurred during training. Conclusions: Para athletic throwers are at greater risk of injuries in the upper extremities, and this highlights the importance of tailored injury prevention programs. It is crucial to mitigate the risk of injuries to the complex and vulnerable shoulder girdle in athletes with existing impairments.

Elementele tehnice din cadrul Școlii Atletismului sunt atât de populare și de eficiente, încât sunt nelipsite din structura lecțiilor de educație fizică și a celor de pregătire sportivă. Se regăsesc în fiecare parte a lecției, în majoritatea verigilor de lecție fie ele netematice sau tematice. Școala 18 Atletismului reprezintă un bagaj instrumental esențial de cunoștințe și aptitudini pentru orice profesor și antrenor, la care va apela în fiecare zi a carierei sale. Tocmai de aceea, toate cunoștințele însușite din cadrul acestei școli trebuie aplicate corect, consecvent și în concordanță cu principiile didacticii.
https://buy.stripe.com/6oE6scdbleBh6Fq145

This study aimed at identifying the optimum height release for javelin throw proportion to the length of the world champions in the javelin throw event. To achieve this, the researchers used the descriptive correlative approach on a sample of international champions in this event (n=33). Data were collected through some of the previous studies. The study results showed the optimum height release of a javelin throw constitutes a 105.75% proportion to the length of the world champions in this event. The researchers recommend coaches to reconsider determining the height release of the javelin with achieving the optimum velocity and angle release should also be provided. Abbreviations should not be used in the abstract.

Based on previous researches, it was identified how physical activity brings effects on the posture and physical development of a young body. The posture of the athletes is a large interest subject for the physical education and sports research field, mostly for the researchers who discovered that physical training affects body posture, even if there is no consensus on the direction of this effect. The main scope of the case study is to evaluate the anthropometrics variables and to evaluate the upper body posture using the APECS Pro version 6.2.0 developed by New Body Technology in young track and field athletes. The analysed group consisted of fourteen minor athletes (7 girls and 7 boys) with age between 11-13 years old.  A minimum of two years of participation in athletics training, a frequency of 3 times/week training sessions, and participation on track and field contest at regional events, were criteria for inclusion in this study. Were assess anthropometric measurements (6 var...

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate anaerobic performance parameters in young competitive male and female athletes engaged in different events of Track and Field, and to compare them in relation to chronological age for each gender group. Fifty-six 12-to14-year-old girls and sixty-three 11-to16-year-old boys totally 119 athletes were participated in this study. Two event-specific-groups and three chronological-age-groups were constructed for each gender. Event-specific groups were composed of Group 1 (middle-long distance runners) and Group 2 (sprinters, throwers, jumpers). Age groups were consisted of 12, 13 and 14 years old girls, and 11-12, 13-14 and 15-16 years old boys. Body mass and stature were measured. Percentage of body fat and fat free mass were calculated from the appropriate equations. Anaerobic performance was assessed with the Wingate Anaerobic Test. Two-way Analysis of Variance (2×3) was used for statistical analysis. Both absolute and relative anaer...

Bu calismada, universite ogrencisi elit havali silah aticilarin, el kavrama kuvvetleri ve atis performanslari arasindaki iliski arastirilmistir. Calismaya 8’i erkek (yas=20,11±0,9 yil; boy=176,8±6,6 cm; kilo=23,9±2,8 kg), 9’u, kiz (yas=20,25±1,16 yil; boy=161,25±1,75 cm; kilo=22,37±1,9 kg)  olmak uzere, 17 atis sporu yapan universite ogrencisi katilmistir. Calisamaya katilan sporcu ogrencilerin atis performanslar, resmi musabaka sonucunda elde ettikleri puanlara gore belirlenmistir. Ogrencilerin sag ve sol el pence kuvvetlerinin olcumunde 0-100 kg. arasi kuvvet olcumu yapabilen Takei Physical Fitness Test (Japon) el dinamometresi kullanilmistir. El kuvvetinin atis performansina etkisini degerlendirmek icin sperman korelasyon analizi yapilmistir. Calismanin sonucunda, kiz atici ogrencilerin dominant el kuvvetleri ile atis puanlari arasinda pozitif, yuksek ve anlamli seviyede iliski bulunmustur [r(8)=0,852; p 0,05]. Keywords: El kavrama kuvveti, atis, performans, cinsiyet.

This study analyzed the landing phase of hurdle clearance to investigate how the vertical displacement in the hurdler’s center of mass and foot pressures at ground contact lead to a change in the hurdler’s overall horizontal velocity of the center of mass. Four male collegiate high hurdlers were videotaped from three camera views as they performed three trials of clearing the first 42 inch high hurdle during a start time trial. Also, simultaneous in-shoe foot pressures were collected at 400 Hz using a Tekscan Fscan with a 50 ft cable tether. A significant correlation of r=.612 (?=.034) was found between the center of mass (CM) horizontal velocity and the heel pressure (Pa) during the landing phase. Greater heel pressure at landing contributed to a decrease in the hurdlers’ horizontal velocity.

Calismanin amaci, genc hentbolcularda ust ekstremite kuvveti, anaerobik guc, surat ve ceviklik arasindaki iliskileri arastirmaktir. Arastirmaya 20 genc erkek hentbol oyuncusu gonullu olarak katilmistir. Hentbolculara el kavrama kuvveti, dikey sicrama, saglik topu firlatma, 20 m surat, pro ceviklik, olcumleri yapilmistir. Normal dagilim analizi icin ‘Shapiro-Wilk’ test kullanilmistir. Normal dagilim gosteren verinin korelasyon analizinde ‘Pearson Momentler Carpim Analizi’, normal dagilim gostermeyen verinin korelasyon analizinde ise ‘Spearman Sira Korelasyon Katsayisi’ kullanilmistir. Surat ile ceviklik, saglik topu firlatma ve sag-sol el kavrama kuvveti arasinda anlamli iliskiler bulunmustur (sirasiyla: rho= .954, rho= -.786, rho= -.660, rho= -.620, p 0.05). Anaerobik guc ve VKI arasinda orta duzey pozitif bir iliski (r = .694, p<0.01), anaerobik guc ve ceviklik arasinda orta duzey negatif bir iliski (r = -.477, p<0.05), anaerobik guc ve saglik topu atma, sag el ve sol el kavr...

Summary We investigated longitudinal changes in tibia bone strength in master power (jumping and sprinting) and endurance (distance) athletes of both sexes. Bone mass but not cross-sectional moment of inertia was better maintained in power than endurance athletes over time, particularly in men and independent of changes in performance. Objective Assessment of effects of sex and athletic discipline (lower limb power events, e.g. sprint running and jumping versus endurance running events) on longitudinal changes in bone strength in masters athletes. Methods We examined tibia and fibula bone properties at distal (4% distal-proximal tibia length) and proximal (66% length) sites using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in seventy-one track and field masters athletes (30 male, 41 female, age at baseline 57.0 ± 12.2 years) in a longitudinal cohort study that included at least two testing sessions over a mean period of 4.2 ± 3.1 years. Effects of time, as well as time × sex ...

oder online unter adbox.ch Briefe an die Redaktion 13 Wetter 16 Todesanzeigen 20 TV/Radio 22 Veranstaltungen 34 Rätsel 38 Redaktion 044 248 44 11, redaktion@tagesanzeiger.ch Briefe an die Redaktion tagesanzeiger.ch/leserbriefe Lesen Sie uns auch in der App oder auf der Website tagesanzeiger.ch 3. August 2024 132. Jahrgang Nr. 178 Fr. 4.60 AZ 8021 Zürich Samstag, Das ist kein Witz Eine japanische Präfektur hat eine Lachverordnung erlassen. Ziel: ein gesünderes Leben. 40 Olé Fiesta Wer mexikanische Spezialitäten liebt, wird im Supermarkt El Maíz im Zürcher Kreis 5 fündig. 17 Goldene Schüsse Chiara Leone holte in Paris für die Schweiz das erste Olympiagold. Sie überzeugte mit ihrem Kleinkaliber. 30 «Helden»: Putin und Biden sagen das Gleiche, meinen das Entgegengesetzte Gefangenenaustausch Moskau hat seit Donnerstag zehn mehrheitlich kriminelle Personen zurück, der Westen konnte gleichentags 16 in Russland inhaftierte Menschen in Freiheit begrüssen. Der Austausch hat auf den beiden Seiten aber nicht die gleiche Bedeutung.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeviklik, kuvvet ve denge becerilerinin araştırılarak teniste önemini ortaya çıkartmaktır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar sonrasında tenis sporu ile ilgilenen bireylerin çeviklik, kuvvet ve denge becerilerine verdikleri önemin yeterli olup olmadığını düşünmeleri açısından yardımcı olması beklenmektedir.

The aim of the study was to identify genetic variants associated with personal best scores in Turkish track and field athletes and to compare allelic frequencies between sprint/power and endurance athletes and controls using a whole-exome sequencing (WES) approach, followed by replication studies in independent cohorts. The discovery phase involved 60 elite Turkish athletes (31 sprint/power and 29 endurance) and 20 ethnically matched controls. The replication phase involved 1132 individuals (115 elite Russian sprinters, 373 elite Russian endurance athletes (of which 75 athletes were with VO2max measurements), 209 controls, 148 Russian and 287 Finnish individuals with muscle fiber composition and cross-sectional area (CSA) data). None of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) reached an exome-wide significance level (p < 2.3 × 10−7) in genotype–phenotype and case–control studies of Turkish athletes. However, of the 53 nominally (p < 0.05) associated SNPs, four functional va...

The present study aimed to examine the vitamin D receptor (VDR), rs2228570 polymorphism, and its effect on elite athletes’ performance. A total of 60 elite athletes (31 sprint/power and 29 endurance) and 20 control/ physically inactive, aged 18–35, voluntarily participated in the study. The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) score scale was used to determine the performance levels of the athletes’ personal best (PB). Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed by the genomic DNA isolated from the peripheral blood of the participants. Sports type, sex, and competitive performance were chosen as the parameters to compare within and between the groups by linear regression models. The results showed no statistically significant difference between the CC, TC, and TT genotypes within and between the groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, our results underlined that there were no statistically significant differences for the association of rs2228570 polymorphism with PBs...

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a biomecânica em um tipo de “saída de bloco” dos 100 metros rasos, através de uma revisão literária com base em livros sobre atletismo e pesquisas científicas no Brasil e exterior. Com este material pretende-se analisar o posicionamento corporal na saída de bloco e ilustrar seu desempenho através da mudança do centro gravitacional em três momentos de arranque e estabelecer sua força de propulsão. Foi utilizado um vídeo de alta definição do atleta profissional Asafa Powell, executando a saída média da saída de bloco dos 100 metros rasos. Com a utilização de cálculos e analises biomecânica, foram selecionadas cinco imagens, sendo que, nas quatro primeiras foram analisadas seu centro gravitacional e na quinta sua força propulsiva.
Com os resultados pretendemos obter informações para a otimização do desempenho em um tipo de saída de bloco.

Palavras-chave: Saída de bloco, Centro de gravidade, Atletismo, Desempenho, Biomecânica.

The aim of this study is to analyze the biomechanics in a kind of "exit block" of 100 meters, through a literature review based on books about athletics and scientific research in Brazil and abroad. With this material is intended to analyze body position at the starting block and illustrate its performance by changing the gravitational center at three start-up and establish their thrust. We used a high-definition video of the professional athlete Asafa Powell running the average output of the starting block of the 100 meter dash. With the use of biomechanical analysis and calculations, we selected five images, and, in the first four were examined its center of gravity and on Thursday its propulsive force.
With the results we want to obtain information for optimizing performance in a type of exit block.

Key words: Starting block, center of gravity, Athletics, Performance, Biomechanics.

This study sought to determine the resting Electrocardiogram of male college Track and Field athletes, with a view to identifying electrocardiographic changes attributable to cardiac adaptations and possible differences in ECG morphologies by the athletic event. A descriptive survey design was used in the study. The population was male track and field athletes of Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU), Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Eighteen athletes; track (n=10) and field (n=8), were purposively selected from the OAU Athletics team that participated in the 14th West-African Universities’ Games, held at the University of Port-Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria in 2018. Resting ECG was recorded with a 12-lead Electrocardiograph (SCHILLER-Cardiovit AT-2 plus), blood pressure was recorded with a digital blood pressure monitor (OMRON-M6 Comfort), weight, height, and BMI were recorded with an electronic BMI scale (SECA-220). Descriptive statistic of mean and standard deviation was computed and a paired-sample...

The study examined the efficacy of knowledge of some mathematical concepts at the secondary school level and the successful execution of some sports skills that enhance the development of psychomotor domains of students. The study involved ten teachers comprising five mathematics teachers and five physical and health education teachers and four hundred students, chosen through simple random technique in five public secondary schools in Lagos State. Five research questions and two hypotheses were raised in the study at 5% level of significance. Instruments used were arrow and dart-board, spear, shot-put, javelin and discus for sports skills. Compass, ruler and 40 multiple choice questions to identify mathematical concepts with a-20 item questionnaire to measure the utilitarian purpose of the identified topics. These instruments were thereafter given to senior colleagues in the Department of Physical and Health Education for compliance; and subsequently subjected to Spearman Rank meth...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine recovery time from concussion utilizing date of injury and date of return to play. It was hypothesized females would have longer recovery times by age and dual gender sports (baseball/softball, basketball, soccer, swimming/diving, and track/field). Methods This study used data from the Rank One Health Injury Surveillance Database (ROH ISD) between 2012–18, in student-athletes ages 13 to 18. This study examined concussion reporting by Athletic Trainers (ATCs) at both middle schools and high schools. Independent sample t-tests were performed by gender, age (13–15, 16–18), and sport with p < 0.05 being statistically significant. Results A total of 3,967 concussions with an average age of 15.34 (SD = 1.43), with a defined date of injury and date of return to play were recorded by ATCs. There was a significant effect in recovery time for gender, F(1, 3965) = 3.36, p<0.001 with females taking longer to recover than males. There was a ...

Background Relative age effect (RAE) is a concept related to the possible advantage that older athletes would have over younger ones within the same category. Although many studies have approached this subject in individual sports, there are few clippings by events within the sport. More detailed analyses are necessary for a better understanding of how RAE behaves in sports, especially in athletics, the subject of this study. The objective of this study was to analyze the RAE on speed in track and field events as a whole, separating the flat races from the hurdles races. Methods The Brazilian Ranking of Brazilian Athletics Confederation was used for data analysis, and the sample was composed of the 50 best-placed marks in the ranking of speed events in athletics in the categories Under(U)-16 and U-18 (female and male). Statistical analysis was calculated by chi-square, and the effect size was checked by Cramer’s V. Likelihood-ratio test (L-Ratio) assessed the probability of the RAE ...

From the formula it is clear that the distance (W) is dependent on the height of the CM at the end of the take-off phase, and the horizontal and vertical take-off velocities. From this causal dependency various researchers over the past decades (Hay et al. 1986; Koh & Hay 1990; Hay & Nohara 1990; Lees et al. 1993, 1994) have tried to identify which component (horizontal or vertical) of the take-off velocity plays a larger role concerning the jump distance. The results are often controversial and dependent on the performance level of the analyzed jumpers. Koh and Hay (1990) reported that the goal of the take-off is not to minimize the loss of the horizontal CM velocity. This position was supported by the observation that a loss in horizontal velocity often leads to an increase in vertical velocity (Hay et al. 1986; Hay & Nohara 1990; Koh & Hay 1990; Lees et al. 1993, 1994). For both men and women a loss of total energy has been reported (Witters et al. 1992; Lees et al. 1993, 1994). ...