Spindle Whorls

"Daskyleion İlk Çağ Kenti'nde Ele Geçen Ağırşaklar Ve Dokuma Tezgahı Ağırlıkları" adlı yüksek lisans tezi çalışması, 1988-2020 yılları arasında Daskyleion’da bulunan ve Tunç Çağ’ından Orta Çağ’a kadar olan dokuma aletlerini kapsamaktadır. Çalışmanın kapsamına akropolis, polis, nekropolis kazılarından ele geçmiş kazı malzemelerinin korunduğu kazı deposu ve müzelerdeki orijinal malzeme incelenerek belirlenmiştir.

Langjährige Begehungen erbrachten neben ganz geringen linearbandkeramischen Belegen nur solche der Lengyelkultur. An Sonderformen sind neben Miniaturgefäßen auch ein Scherbenwirtel (Spinnwirtel) zu nennen. Vielfältig ist auch das Steingeräteinventar. Die Siedlungsstelle  befindet sich im Grenzbereich des Waldviertels zum Weinviertel.

The original intention behind this paper was to give a general overview of the inscriptions on pottery from Hispania Citerior in the second and first centuries BCE. It shall instead describe their main characteristics and then focus on just one category of these inscriptions: inscriptions on spindle whorls.
Beyond the difficulties of interpretation which are still posed by these Iberian and Celtiberian texts on spindle whorls, it is worth retaining two
observations: firstly, they are a type of inscription –rare in the Mediterranean world– which are not derived from external models, but which instead constitute a local development associated with that phase, specific to the second and first centuries, of intensification of literacy at the coast and the introduction of writing to interior regions. Secondly, they oblige us to consider the role of women in these contexts of early literacy, which despite being commonly considered marginal,
does have interesting parallels in other Mediterranean areas.

El ser humano ha logrado a través del tiempo recrear el mundo a sus necesidades físicas y sociales, pasando de un ambiente hostil y salvaje a un confort que varía según cada sociedad. Para llegar al mundo que actualmente se tiene, se tuvo que pasar por una serie de avances tecnológicos y científicos que han ido creciendo de manera exponencial, beneficiando significativamente a disciplinas como las Ingenierías, la Medicina, la Aeronáutica, la Biología, la Arquitectura, y en el campo de
la computación. Se ha dado una gran revolución debido al cambio tan significativo que los ordenadores, han tenido en la vida de las personas, pasando de ser un “simple” objeto a un bien de prestigio de un valor tan alto que su inexistencia sería casi imposible de comprender en la sociedad moderna.

Todos los avances que se han generado gracias a la creación de los ordenadores, ha permitido almacenar información, procesarla y optimizar procesos, valiéndose de metodologías tan complejas que llegan a hacer uso de algoritmos de inteligencia artificial, el cual tiene como finalidad “aprender” sobre un histórico de datos digitalizados para luego brindar información útil. Algunas de las metodologías que
aplican éste tipo de algoritmos como las basadas en KDP (Knowledge Discovery Process) también conocido en el sector comercial como Minería de datos o Big Data1 , consisten en direccionar un conjunto de actividades que permiten descubrir conocimiento que a simple vista no es perceptible (Patrones y tendencias), haciendo uso de elementos como la inteligencia artificial, el aprendizaje automático, la
estadística y sistemas de bases de datos. Este tipo de procesos son aplicados en sectores como el económico, donde ha servido para apoyar la toma de decisiones frente a la solicitud de préstamos, en el bancario en la detección de fraudes, en la medicina han logrado descubrir nuevos tratamientos que contrarrestan los efectos de algunas enfermedades, en la astronomía ha beneficiado en la búsqueda de
nuevos planetas y en muchas otras disciplinas, que es posible identificar diversos avances sustentados en el uso de KDP.

A pesar de que el uso de KDP se evidencia en varias disciplinas, desafortunadamente en el campo arqueológico su aplicación ha sido abordado de forma muy general, haciendo uso de diferencias herramientas como el dron, la digitalización 3D, entornos virtuales, sistematización de bases de datos, SIG (Sistema de Información Geográfica), programas de estadística, procesamiento digital de imágenes entre otros usos, donde algunos arqueólogos han logrado sacar provecho de éstos avances tecnológicos para sus investigaciones, como es el caso del arqueólogo Gattiglia G2 que ha logrado mejorar la obtención de información, su procesamiento y análisis. Sin embargo, hasta el momento no existe un proceso de KDP que se ajuste de manera idónea a cualquier contexto arqueológico por ello, éste libro tiene
como propósito aplicar una metodología KDP enfocada al área arqueológica, donde se pueda analizar cualquier contexto y evidencia arqueológica, logrando extraer la mayor cantidad de información posible y al mismo tiempo, contribuir a la investigación y al conocimiento de nuestras sociedades antiguas.

Con esto querido lector, en los siguientes capítulos se va a encontrar con un paso a paso de lo que se debe hacer para aplicar una metodología que es netamente computacional, verla aplicada en un contexto arqueológico, encontrará una contextualización de lo que es KDP, que usos le han dado de manera muy general algunas
investigaciones arqueológicas, como sería aplicar KDP enfocada netamente al área arqueóloga y cómo sería su validación, la cual se logró a partir de un estudio de caso en el proyecto Arqueológico Loop Armenia 8’, trabajando específicamente con los volantes de huso3 que fueron recuperados entre los municipios de Zarzal y La Victoria en el departamento del Valle del Cauca y en el municipio de Montenegro,
en el departamento del Quindío. Teniendo como objetivo descubrir conocimiento e información potencialmente útil en los datos, con el fin de identificar posibles patrones o tendencias, definición de grupos, inferencias y/o predicciones para datos futuros. Es importante indicar que la información obtenida está supeditada al tamaño de la muestra, el tipo de variables utilizadas y el tipo de información que se tenga de los grupos a analizar. Por lo cual, es recomendando contrastar los datos
obtenidos con análisis especializados como paleoambientales, paloeclimáticos, fitolitos, análisis de suelos entre otros.

Con esto, se quiere abrir nuevos nuevos horizontes en cuanto al uso de las tecnologías y cómo éstas pueden beneficiar casi cualquier disciplina, impactando positivamente en la manera en que se procesa los datos y los resultados que claramente ofrecen.

Weitere Siedlungsfunde aus einer  weitläufigen Siedlungsfläche im östlichen Randbereich des niederösterreichischen Waldviertels. Neben latenezeitlicher und germanischer bodenständiger Keramik liegt auch römische Importware vor. Ein Glasarmbandbruchstück ist wohl späteisenzeitlich einzuordnen. Zahlreich festgestellt wurden Eisenschlacken auf dieser im Nahbereich einer sumpfigen Niederung liegenden Siedlungsfläche.

In the course of wide-area excavations of Site 52 in Pawłosiów there were identified 26 spindle whorl of the Funnel Beaker culture in various state of preser­vation. In analysis of the collection a detail metric and quantitative characteristics of the artifacts has been ap­plied . Comparison of the analyzed material with oth­er collections of that kind from Funnel Beaker sites in the Carpathian and Sub-Carpathian regions followed the same criteria. It revealed both similarities (domination of flattened spindle whorls) and dissimilarities (in dimensions). The presence of medium-high and high form in Pawłosiów indicates relations with east­ern peripheries of the Funnel Beaker culture. Use of high spindle whorls in this culture (also in its Baden­-like variant) and also in the Tripolye culture in the 2nd half of the 4th century is being contributed to economic transformations related to wool processing.

Alongside the Morava, the border river between Austria and Slovakia, a significant historico-cultural area developed from the Prehistory on. Fertile soil pandered to the procession of formation of settlements. Good transportation routes on land and water boosted the supra-regional contacts which ranged from the Baltic Sea to the Adriatic Sea. Also, medivial settlements as well as mottes are known from this region. The metal artefacts presented here, which were gathered around Bernhardsthal, Ringelsdorf, Drösing and Jedenspeigen, come from a private collection. The corpus of finds document the spectrum of metal everyday objects from clothes and jewellery of the Middle Ages. Finds from the late High Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages predominate. Beside the common Europe-wide forms, some few stand out through meticulous workmanship and gilding. Most of the medivial finds were dated to the time as the settlement Drösing (around 1296) was relocated to a dry area to the West. Finds whi...

Archeology, like other human sciences has been in constant search of knowledge, for this reason, it was necessary to incorporate new methods that allow to expand the range of analysis and information discovery to recover and understand in an objective way, the complex social-cultural structures of humanity. Archeology is supported by other academic areas such as Geography, Biology, Geology, GIS and others, which strengthen the processes of information collection that is later analyzed by means of conventional statistics, however, due to its scope, it only provides a description of the data. Currently, there is access to new paradigms that allow analyzing big data in a more efficient and detailed way than with the application of conventional statistical processes such as qualitative or multivariate analyzes. These new paradigms not only describe the behavior of the data, they also generate models that allow to find hidden and new knowledge about the analyzed data. To achieve this, KDP (knowledge discovery processes) must be applied, which guide the application process of data mining on a data set, but unfortunately, its application in the archaeological field is still incipient. This is why this article aims to explain the KDP implementation process and its final results in a set of spindle whorls, found in Colombia, between the departments of Valle del Cauca and Quindío. In these spindle whorls were applied predictive processes with decision trees and descriptive processes with visual analytics to find patterns in the stylistic and technological analysis of these cultural elements.

In this study, the issues of aspects of power and power centres in the Middle Bronze Age in the eastern Carpathian Basin are briefly addressed. The nature and aspects of power is discussed, next to a survey of selected important sites of the period. The rare material culture and find associations of some special contexts is presented in order to establish a pattern of how aspects of power manifest themselves in these associations. With this background in mind, some yet unpublished, special finds from Tilişca-Cetate are presented. Some of these finds are very distinctive in shape and function. Analogies for them are only found at a few sites and in low numbers. Their publication is important as new, as of yet, undocumented types add to knowledge of Bronze Age societies. These finds are presented in detail and certain areas of the site are placed in a broader landscape of the aspects of power in the eastern Carpathian Basin.

The Middle Iron Age (MIA) of southern Africa is a period characterized by increased social complexity centered on the polity of Mapungubwe. This article considers the role that fiber spinning played in the regional political economy of the period. At Mutamba and other sites in the southern hinterland of Mapungubwe, spinning was a significant economic activity. Evidence from 187 spindle whorls from the site suggests that intensive spinning of cotton was practiced by households. This enabled hinterland communities to actively participate in regional trade networks and acquire trade goods, including objects that were often restricted in the Mapungubwe heartland. This casts hinterland communities as active participants, rather than passive bystanders, in the regional economy.

The article publishes the results of investigating settlements specializing in pyrophyllite slate processing in in Pribitki microregion (Ovruch-Slovechno mountain-ridge, Ukraine).
The structure of a unique cultural layer of settlements and fillings of workshop is analyzed, the special technique of their studying is shown. All categories of industrial artifacts are analyzed: shavings, mineral raw waste products, discarded work-pieces, half-finished items and waste from manufacturing pyrophyllite spindle-whorls. Traces of tools on industrial artifacts are studied. Manufacturing of crosses and small pyrophyllite decorations is briefly covered. The results of the first archeological research into medieval quarries (pits) of pyrophyllite slate are described.

Vorlage weiterer Siedlungsmaterialien aus dieser überregional bedeutenden linearbandkeramischen Siedlung. Keulenkopf, Spinnwirtel, Sägemerkmale an einem abgerolltem Steinstück. Keramik verschiedener Zeithorizonte mit Schwerpunkt des späten linearbandkeramischen Horizontes.

Recent investigations at the site of Xuenkal on the plains north of Chichén Itzá provide evidence of the changing regional political environment during the Terminal Classic Period (A.D. 900–1000). This paper examines a collection of spindle whorls recovered during the 2005, 2006, and 2007 field seasons of the Proyecto Arqueológico Xuenkal (PAX) as evidence for intensification of craft production. Through this analysis and comparison with spindle whorl collections from other Lowland Maya sites, we suggest the inhabitants of Xuenkal rapidly adapted to changing economic demands by increasing the amount of cloth produced in their residential settings, perhaps in response to increased tribute demands that emanated from the dominant political power of the region. Spinning and weaving is associated with the female gender during the Classic Period in Mesoamerica. Thus, intensification of this gendered activity not only produced excess materials for the state, but also reinforced its gender ...

The excavations carried out at Kardamaina, Kos by the University of Athens, have brought to light the remains of a Hellenistic temple dedicated to Apollo, along with an array of lesser structures related to the shrine, as well as a settlement with a lifespan from the late 4th
to the mid-7th centuries AD.
This paper aims primarily to record the finds related to the manufacture of textiles, such as loomweights and spindle whorls and to restore the image of everyday life in a coastal settlement of the early Christian period. Issues such as the differentiation in types, the dimensions and
weight of the loomweights, the type of the loom, the quality of the fabric, the number of looms needed and dating will be discussed.
I will attempt to highlight the textile activity in Kardamena and I will argue whether these finds reflect an organized craft installation or an individual household activity.

Se publica una inscripción ibérica inédita sobre fusayola hallada entre los escombros de una habitación en el yacimiento de Puig Ciutat, cuyo final se fecha a mediados del siglo I a.E. El epígrafe plantea serios problemas de lectura por el desgaste del objeto, pero queda fuera de duda la presencia del término kaśtaun al comienzo del texto, palabra que se documenta en otras cuatro fusayolas ibéricas y que parece característica del léxico sobre este tipo de instrumenta. Se presenta también un esgrafiado unilítero sobre el pie de una copa de cerámica de barniz negro de Cales.

Bachelorprojekt om tekstilredskaber i form af ten- og vævevægte i ældre jernalder.

Tekstiler fra forhistorien har gennem det sidste århundrede været genstand for omfattende forskning. Det er dog først inden for de seneste årtier, at også tekstilredskaber er kommet i fokus. På baggrund af denne forskning er især tekstilteknologien i germansk jernalder og vikingetid blevet belyst. Tekstilproduktionen og -håndværket i førromersk og ældre romersk jernalder er dog primært blevet undersøgt ud fra de mange tekstilfund. Tekstilredskaber fra disse perioder optræder ikke i stort antal og har endnu ikke været genstand for systematisk forskningsarbejde. Det har denne bogs forfattere påbegyndt i et forskningsprojekt med fokus på fund af ten- og vævevægte i de tidligere amter Ribe og Vejle.

Bachelorprojektet er forløber til et upubliceret speciale 'Fragmenter af et håndværk - Tekstilhåndværkets synlige og usynlige rum i førromersk og ældre romersk jernalder' (2017), der omfatter registrering og analyse af ten- og vævevægte fra hele den jyske halvø i ældre jernalder.

A polished bone spinning set, composed of a truncated conical spindle whorl and a fragment of spindle rod, was found on the 4th century surface of the Via Decumana in the SE quadrant of the last stone fort at Vindolanda. Signs of wear and peculiar features of its components suggest that this set was used for drop-spinning.

In this article analyzed the collection of pyrophyllite’s spindle whorls that was discovered on the territory of Pereyaslav-Khmelnitsky region (Ukraine). Continuation of the publication: Spindle Whorls of pyrophyllite slate of Pereyaslavl of Rus’ and the surrounding area (2001).