Shotokan Karate

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Purpose: Karate is going to take part in the Olympic games, for the first time in Tokyo 2020. The aim of this study was to analyse the changes in heart rate (HR) and blood lactate concentration of karate practitioners performing different katas in competitive conditions. Material: This study consisted of five elite male athletes (26.80±5.97 years), members of the Bulgarian national team in Shotokan karate, competing in the kata discipline. The study was conducted in competitive conditions during national competitions, in which three katas were performed by each of the competitors. Capillary blood lactate concentration (La) was determined at rest and after each kata. Heart rate (HR) was registered and physical activity was monitored by using three-dimensional accelerometers. Results: The mean La increased progressively after each following kata: 1.4±0.32 mmol/L at rest, 4.7±1.91 mmol/L after the first, 6.8±2.59 mmol/L after the second, and 7.1±2.35 mmol/L after the third kata. This increase was significant after the second (р<0.05) and third (р<0.01) kata, in comparison with the registered La at rest. The mean HR values reached 179±11.55 bpm during the first, 180±11.63 bpm during the second, and 181.5±15.44 bpm during the third kata. Notwithstanding the differences in the physiological and biochemical parameters of participants No1 and No2, the mean physical activity units (FAU) were similar: 120 165 FAU after the first kata, and 111 805 FAU after the second vs 126 618 FAU after the first, and 89 544 FAU after the second kata, respectively. The explanation of these different observations is probably due to the style of the competitors. For instance, according to his coaches, participant No2 is performing kata with a higher level of tension in those muscle groups which are not necessarily involved in maintaining the posture and executing the moves. In contrast, the lower La values observed in participant No1, in comparison with the other competitors, were probably due to a more relaxed performance with smaller amplitude of the moves. Participants No4 and No5 from our study showed moderate La values after each of the three katas. According to their coaches, those competitors perform kata with optimal speed and amplitude, without too high a level of tension in the muscle groups which are not involved in the moves. Conclusions: The La appeared to be a more informative parameter than heart rate, and the moderate increase of the La values (4-6 mmol/L) indicated optimal muscle tension and amplitude of moves when performing katas in competitive conditions. Further research is needed to determine the optimal La levels for the performance of different katas.