Public Safety

More than a decade after Latin America's most recent turn to democracy, unchecked police violence and torture continue and in some cases have increased. This study examines police killings in 19 Brazilian states from 1994 to 2001 and finds that democracy has not substantially reduced these types of human rights violations, for two reasons. First, underlying social conflict has continued

Objective: This research aims to identify the impact of text messaging on simulated driving performance. Background: In the past decade, a number of on-road, epidemiological, and simulator-based studies reported the negative impact of talking on a cell phone on driving behavior. However, the impact of text messaging on simulated driving performance is still not fully understood. Method: Forty participants engaged in both a single task (driving) and a dual task (driving and text messaging) in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Results: Analysis of driving performance revealed that participants in the dual-task condition responded more slowly to the onset of braking lights and showed impairments in forward and lateral control compared with a driving-only condition. Moreover, text-messaging drivers were involved in more crashes than drivers not engaged in text messaging. Conclusion: Text messaging while driving has a negative impact on simulated driving performance. This negative impac...

Abstract:

This article gives an overview about the exercise of the right to Freedom of Expression in Mexico. We hypothesize that three of the most important aspects that violate this law are the State speech that blames the drug dealers of attacks against journalists; the indifference, inaction and simulation of the Mexican State; and the state of crisis in public safety. The comparison of Mexico with a similar case suffered by Colombia, as well as data submitted by national or international organizations are alarming. It is warned that the Academy is one of the suitable areas for finding solutions to this conflict. Research and publication of it become a tool in the absense of policies, plan sor programs that limit and prevent the violation of this right.


Resumen:

Este artículo presenta un panorama acerca del ejercicio del derecho a la Libertad de Expresión en México. Se postula que tres de los aspectos más importantes que vulneran este derecho son el discurso del Estado que culpa al narcotráfico de agresiones contra periodistas; la indiferencia, inacción y simulación del Estado mexicano; y un estado de crisis en materia de seguridad pública. La comparación de México con el caso similar sufrido por Colombia, así como cifras presentadas por organismos nacionales o internacionales, resultan alarmantes. Se advierte que la Academia es uno de los espacios idóneos para encontrar soluciones a este conflicto. La investigación y divulgación del mismo se convierten en una herramienta ante la falta de políticas, planes o programas que limiten, e impidan, la vulneración de este derecho.

Failure in Communication and Information Technology Infrastructure (CITI) can disrupt the effective functionalities of many of the critical infrastructures. Conversely, failures in other infrastructures can also propagate to CITI and hence disrupt the operation of these interconnected systems. Understanding the origin of these failures, their propagation patterns and their impacts can give us important ideas about infrastructure interdependencies and can be used for secure and reliable infrastructure design and operation. In this research we have taken the approach to use public domain failure reports to identify these interdependencies. We have developed a methodology to collect and categorize these reports and defined a set of critical attributes to extract meaningful information from them. Using this approach we have analyzed 12 years of infrastructure failure reports from ACM's RISKS forum. Our results have shown interdependencies between CITI and other critical infrastructu...

This paper inquires into the ways that public safety is represented and framed by the various actors involved in the implementation of the Byrne Criminal Justice Innovation program in Milwaukee's Washington Park neighborhood by looking at the language and ideological frameworks that are presented in press releases, statements/manifestos, planning reports, and solicitation pamphlets. I find a framing of public safety that largely resembles the discourses produced by the neoliberal restructuring of police work of the last several decades. By looking at Washington Park we see a neighborhood whose characteristics, up until very recently, have been largely produced through state neglect and is now facing the extension of state control and governance through the implementation of neoliberal policing strategies.

This paper details the current work status of the ETSI Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS) Technical Committee (TC) and gives an outlook on the future evolution. While previous publications have presented an overview of ETSI RRS' main working axes related to i) Cognitive Radio System Aspects, ii) Radio Equipment Architecture (including a Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC) proposal and a Functional Architecture (FA) for Management and Control of Reconfigurable Radio Systems), iii) Cognitive Management and Control and iv) Public Safety, this document focuses on latest progress related to UHF White Spaces work and the definition of an SDR Handset Architecture. In particular, it is outlined how Cognitive Radio principles can help to adapt existing and/or evolving Radio Standards, such as 3GPP Long Term Evolution, to a possible operation in UHF White Space bands.

Prior research has established that the characteristics of “places” are an important aspect of public safety and local quality of life. Growth in the rates of incarceration since 1973, combined with social disparity in the experience of imprisonment among certain groups, has meant that some communities experience concentrated levels of incarceration. This article examines the spatial impact of incarceration and explores the problems associated with removing and returning offenders to communities that suffer from high rates of incarceration. The study analyzes data from a series of individual and group interviews designed to reveal the experiences and perspectives of a sample of 39 Tallahassee, Florida, residents (including ex-offenders) who live in two high-incarceration neighborhoods. The authors then provide a series of policy recommendations to offset some of the unintended consequences of incarceration. The article concludes with research priorities for further study.

Half of a debate Forum in The Pragmatist, with me arguing, from a minarchist (minimalist government) perspective, for public safety, restitution (to both victims and taxpayers) via rehabilitative gainful employment (with entrepreneurs hiring convicts to work in prison), vs. an anarcho-capitalist view of criminal justice, based upon the principle of restitution and a free market in policing.

Dit verkennende onderzoek richt zich op de inzet van apps voor sociale veiligheid en het effect op de veiligheidsbeleving van de gebruikers, met de focus op de app ‘Veiligebuurt.nl’. Deze app heeft tot doel om de veiligheid en de veiligheidsbeleving van burgers (op buurtniveau) te verhogen en de meldingsbereidheid en -frequentie te verhogen, zodat de politie een grotere kans heeft op aanhoudingen op heterdaad.
Opdrachtgever van deze verkenning is het ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid, het High Impact Crime Team. Vanuit het ministerie is de app ‘Veiligebuurt.nl’ met een groeiend aantal deelnemers, momenteel ca. 200.000, als kansrijk geïdentificeerd en opgenomen in het programma ‘Start-ups in Residence’. Het lectoraat Digitalisering en Veiligheid van Avans Hogeschool is gevraagd om de effectiviteit te verkennen van deze app en, meer in het algemeen, te onderzoeken welke factoren kwalitatief van invloed zijn op de effectiviteit van een dergelijke app tegen de achtergrond van bestaande kwantitatieve gegevens over criminaliteitsbestrijding en initiatieven voor sociale veiligheid.
In deze rapportage geven wij een beschrijving van het verkennende onderzoek, waarvan wij de conclusies tegen de achtergrond van relevante literatuur ter discussie stellen. Dit leidt tot een aantal aanbevelingen, waaronder een aanzet tot een evaluatiemodel.

A Segurança Privada no Brasil: alguns aspectos relativos às motivações, regulação e implicações sociais do setor Resumo A partir de meados do século XX pode ser verificada, em diversos países, uma grande expansão dos serviços particulares de proteção, trazendo à tona importantes questões relativas à responsabilidade do Estado sobre a segurança. No Brasil, em que esse crescimento é marcante principalmente nas últimas duas décadas, pouco se sabe sobre o dimensionamento efetivo do setor, bem como sobre os pressupostos, motivações e os mecanismos de regulamentação desses serviços. O estudo analisa o quadro regulatório existente no país e procura traçar um perfil dos diferentes segmentos do setor, problematizando as implicações sociais do crescimento da segurança privada com relação à literatura existente e a outras características relevantes. Abstract The growth of private security verified in many countries in the middle of twentieth century displays important questions about state responsibility in relation to the security. In Brazil, where the growth is very significant mainly in the last two decades, not much is possible to know about the real dimension of the sector and about the conditions that carried out this appearance and expansion. Taking into consideration approaches observed in the international literature and the data relative to this sector, this work analyze the Brazilian regulatory framework, showing the implications about some more problematic features, like the training and qualification of the professionals, the second job of the public police in the private security and the use of firearm.

This report provides an assessment of the feasibility of consolidation of public safety dispatch for three scenarios or combinations of entities in Ashland County, Ohio and Wayne County, Ohio, including the cities of Ashland and Wooster. The report describes the methodology used to assess the feasibility and provides an overview of four case studies of consolidated dispatch centers in Ohio.

Objective: This research aims to identify the impact of text messaging on simulated driving performance. Background: In the past decade, a number of on-road, epidemiological, and simulator-based studies reported the negative impact of talking on a cell phone on driving behavior. However, the impact of text messaging on simulated driving performance is still not fully understood. Method: Forty participants engaged in both a single task (driving) and a dual task (driving and text messaging) in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Results: Analysis of driving performance revealed that participants in the dual-task condition responded more slowly to the onset of braking lights and showed impairments in forward and lateral control compared with a driving-only condition. Moreover, text-messaging drivers were involved in more crashes than drivers not engaged in text messaging. Conclusion: Text messaging while driving has a negative impact on simulated driving performance. This negative impac...

The forthcoming case study will detail the October 2012 critical incident response of Hurricane Sandy that made landfall on the 29th of October in the southern portion of New Jersey and directly affected the New Jersey, New York, and Connecticut region. The storm also impacted secondary victims of over 20 other states that experienced the remnants from the storms path.
The case study will provide an overview of hurricane Sandy’s track including a timeline of its manifestation and the ramifications it had on the areas in its trajectory. The study will review the Emergency Management Cycle (EMC) of mitigation, preparation, response , and recovery, and overview the community effected by the storm and the responding organizations in regards to the EMC which includes but not limited to infrastructure, coordinated response efforts, public assistance, citizen preparedness, and support functions.
The study will span Incident Management structure and the implementation and set up of the Incident Command System (ICS), given hurricane Sandy was a large area incident. The effectiveness of the ICS command and its operations and personnel will also be explored. The responding entities will be discussed and assessed with a concentrated focus on the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the roles of the state, local, and tribal groups, and the vitality of the nongovernmental organizations as well. The National Incident Management (NIMS) and the National Response Framework (NRF) will be included in the examination of the incident management and its effectiveness. The study will also probe the equipment and personnel used to respond to the incident.
The study will analyze the strategies of lessons learned from the storm and what management protocols to consider in future situations which incorporates the EMC and a major emphasis on the recovery element both in the short and long term. The study will address critical incident policies and plans which coincides with lessons learned, as well as examine the financial impact of the incident overall.
In evaluating command and control the study will examine structural conflict and the distinctions between the conflict and crises management. Risk assessment of the operations in the aftermath of the hurricane and how it may have affected the response and what risk were present and what was done to alleviate those risk.

Urban security (or public safety), rather than a “social problem” tackled neutrally, is a issue of political contestation, owing to its threefold gist as right to not be victims of crime, policy goal and social demand. This article, highlighting how planning research has neglected to engage with contemporary paradoxes of security, makes the case for a critical approach to crime prevention and explores the embeddedness of urban security in planning practice in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. We debate the relations of urban security with changing planning paradigms and political approaches around the vertical (multilevel/multi-scale) and horizontal distribution of planning practices.

La delincuencia es un problema social grave, y, al igual que cualquier otro objetivo de política pública, lograr reducirla requiere de la adopción sistemática y sostenida de políticas y acciones basadas en evidencia, y bien implementadas.

Este ensayo pretende ser una primera guía para la comprensión del problema de la delincuencia y una síntesis de lo que la evidencia dice funciona para reducirla.  Se estructura sobre la base de un listado de preguntas o temas centrales sobre el problema y sus soluciones, que se contestan o analizan resumidamente sobre la base de la evidencia empírica existente.

" Topic: Emergency management as a concept and platform in Kosovo, the Transport and Communications aspect. Case study, Kosovo and the aspirations for quality development and growth Context of treatment, legal-regulatory reviews and practical application. Level of treatment, initial reviews.

Fire incidence in Ghana had reached pandemic proportions in 2013. Major markets, schools, industries, factories, government ministries and agencies, churches and corporate institutions where but a few of the areas affected. Rough estimated shows that the country lost over four trillion Ghana Cedis on the markets alone in 2013. Whiles it is convenient to blame everything on the Ghana National Fire Service and the government by extension, this article explores the collaborative role the average Ghanaian can play to curb the infernos. It thus discussed the devastations of fire, the need for prevention, common causes of fire and the role of the individual in the fire prevention process.

Resumo A grande expansão dos serviços particulares de proteção, verificada em diversos países, sobretudo a partir de meados do século XX, trouxe à tona importantes questões relativas à responsabilidade do Estado sobre a segurança e à regulação do setor. A partir de uma contraposição crítica entre os aspectos regulatórios e a prática dos serviços de segurança privada em seu contexto de atuação, em especial na interface policiamento público e policiamento privado, este artigo procura discutir e explicitar as questões que estão em jogo para a compreensão do impacto específico, no exercício do policiamento, dado pela presença cada vez maior das forças privadas na provisão da segurança, no cenário brasileiro.

In 2014 alone, there are more than 12,000 fire incidents reported in the Philippines and the common cause is faulty electrical wiring at about 29%. (Philippine Stats Authority PSY, 2015).
In June 2018, 31 families or 109 persons were affected by the fire incident in Burgos and Del Pilar St., Brgy. 20, Tacloban City.
Inside Evacuation Centers are 37 families or 119 persons stayed in two (2) evacuation centers in Tacloban City. 19 houses were totally damaged by the fire. A total of ₱227,640.00 worth of assistance was provided to the affected families/ persons; of which ₱134,340.00 came from DSWD, ₱3,300.00 from the LGU and ₱90,000.00 from NGOs (DSWD, 2018).
This study will enquire to the EPM of establishments in Tcloban City to find the relationship of maintenance systems to the fire and accidents and the risks which the systems exposed the properties and lives.

Handbook with the methods to stablish a complete, overarching public safety system adapted to a diverse local community.

Manual con los métodos para establecer un sistema de seguridad ciudadana completo e integral adaptado a la sociedad diversa.

Excerpt (abstract, table of contents, objectives and structure of the book) of the book, which is publiched by Springer (foreword by Francesco Lo Piccolo). The book can be ordered at www.springer.com/gp/book/9783319439365.

Abstract
Western citizens live in the safest societies ever, and yet are more concerned with crime and violence than ever. What are the relationships between recent socio-spatial phenomena and the growing relevance of discussions about security/safety? Is urban fear an unavoidable consequence of contemporary urban life? Or does some political use of it exist? Are discourses of fear used as instruments of power in urban policy? And how can planning practice act to counter fear? In order to answer these questions, the book explores urban fear, (misinformative) discourses of fear and their relations with space and the practice of urban planning—focussing on Southern European cities and using empirical data from Palermo and Lisbon. The book has two objectives: to set out a comprehensive, critical, exploratory theory of fear, space and urban planning, unravelling the paradoxes of their mutual relations; and to contribute to recent studies about urban geopolitics, taking them from the space of global cities and enriching them from the perspective of ordinary cities. In short, the book debates whether, and to what extent, the production of ‘fearscapes’, the contemporary landscapes of fear, constitutes an (emergent) urban political economy. To do so, it explores the (re)production of urban fear around: (global) misinformation about, and paradoxes of, security (Chap. 2); the role of otherness, together with its political construction (Chap. 3); the spatialisation of fear in urban space (Chap. 4); and the way urban planning, as a practice and a discipline, is informed by, and has been shaping in turn, urban fear (Chap. 5). In conclusion (Chap. 6) the book adopts a forward thinking approach, envisaging how two radically different (if not opposite) futures are embedded in the present: a dystopian city in which the political economies of fear have become dominant; and some seeds for a practice of urban planning/action capable of facing the political economies of fear.

This page answers eight questions posed regarding law enforcement intelligence.  The effectiveness of US fusion centers is assessed.  Challenges for law enforcement intelligence are described.  Emerging methods are discussed.  The terrorist attack cycle is described and suggestions on options for law enforcement intelligence to thwart attacks are provided.  Issues for domestic terror investigations are discussed.  The advantage of geospatial predictive analysis provided to law enforcement is described.  The terms terrorist and extremist are contrasted.  The process for intelligence production is described.