Necropolis

Статья посвящена обзору основных групп источников по истории воинских захоронений Первой мировой войны (на примере Петрограда). Обосновывается тезис об актуальности изучения проблемы организации воинских захоронений в годы тотальной войны. Автор уделяет особое внимание анализу кладбищенской документации. Рассматриваются достоинства и недостатки этих документов как исторических источников. Затрагиваются проблемы сохранности и сложности интерпретации источников. Приводятся обоснования научной и практической ценности кладбищенской документации.

Статья, во-первых, знакомит с общей спецификой новгородских старинных надписей, нанесенных на погребальные памятники эпохи существования Новгородской губернии и, во-вторых, обращается к краткому анализу фамилий, содержащихся в этих текстах. Рассматриваются фамилии духовенства, дворянства, купечества и крестьянства.

A principis del 2017 es va tenir notícies d’unes restes megalítiques associades a una necròpolis altmedieval. Estan situades al damunt d’un petit pujol que s’alça just al davant del veïnat de Bevià, al municipi de Madremanya (Gironès). La necròpolis altmedieval ja havia estat esmentada el 1966 per Jaume Marquès, que va ser arxiver de la catedral de Girona i director del museu diocesà de la mateixa ciutat. Segurament, també, els vestigis megalítics ja eren localment coneguts, però fins al dia d’avui mai s’havien documentat ni havien estat objecte de cap estudi. Article: Enric Carreras, Gabriel Martín i Josep Tarrús.

2012

Par Virginie Ropiot, Benoît Sendra et Jonathan Moquel

avec la collaboration de : Vianney Forest, Nicolas Garnier, Luke Howarth, Philippe Ponel, Béatrice Prat et Julie Touzeau

et la participation de : Aurélie Gille, Stéphanie Rusillon et Marianne Touma

Aprobado por la Junta Examinadora de Embalsamadores el 6/04/2021 como modulo con validez (3 u.e.c.) para la re certificación de embalsamadores licenciados en Puerto Rico. Procedimientos para reparaciones en embalsamamientos vasculares por consecuencia a la recuperación de tejidos y órganos cadavéricos.

Recent investigations in the North-East Necropolis and in the st Philip church at Hierapolis brought to light numerous fragments of marble sarcophagi. The paper presents the results of the archaeological examinations carried out on these sarcophagi, which are discussed in integration with petrographic, isotopic and cathodoluminescence data. Imported sarcophagi from Dokimeion and others made of local marbles (especially from Thiounta and Marmar Tepe) are attested, suggesting a new scenario for the production
activities and the presence of travelling craftsmen in the Lykos Valley. Also the reuse of the Roman Imperial sarcophagi inside the Byzantine building site of the St Philip church is discussed.

ABSTRACT: The archaeological excavation of Unidad de Ejecución número 3 del PGOU de Llíria was carried out
between September 2011 and August 2012, coinciding with the redevelopment works. The intervention, directed
by Francisco De Manuel, had a technical team with the following archaeologists and anthropologists: Llorenç
Alapont, Sheyla Sancho, Adrià Pitarch, Daniel Santfeliu, Alejandro Vila, Rubén López and the draughtswoman
Virginia Berrocal. The excavation of the Islamic necropolis has meant a great opportunity to know, through the
exhaustive anthropological and paleopathological study, the characteristics of part of the Muslim population that
inhabited the city. The analysis of the 147 skeletons and their context has provided an essential knowledge of the
structure, density, dynamism, physical appearance, living conditions and funeral practices of that Islamic society
that lived and died in Llíria during the Andalusian period.
KEY WORDS: Islamic necropolis, andalusí, funerary practices shroud, physical anthropology, Llíria.
RESUMEN: Entre septiembre de 2011 y agosto de 2012 se lleva a cabo la excavación arqueológica de la Unidad de
Ejecución número 3 del PGOU de Llíria, coincidiendo con los trabajos de reurbanización. La intervención, dirigida
por Francisco De Manuel, cuenta con un equipo técnico formado por los arqueólogos y antropólogos Llorenç Alapont,
Sheyla Sancho, Adrià Pitarch, Daniel Santfeliu, Alejandro Vila, Rubén López y la dibujante Virginia Berrocal.
La excavación de la necrópolis islámica ha significado una gran oportunidad de conocer, mediante el exhaustivo
estudio antropológico y paleopatológico, las características de parte de la población musulmana que habitó la
ciudad. El análisis de los 147 esqueletos y su contexto ha proporcionado un conocimiento esencial de la estructura,
densidad, dinamismo, aspecto físico, condiciones de vida y prácticas funerarias de parte de aquella sociedad
islámica que vivió y murió en Llíria durante el periodo andalusí.
PALABRAS CLAVE: Necrópolis islámica, andalusí, prácticas funerarias, sudario, antropología física, Llíria.

This paper will revisit my thesis to reformulate a new understanding of how essential the collaboration of Michel Foucault’s Biopolitics (2003) (which is not discussed in my thesis) is to a (re)conceptualization of necropolitics, population regulation, and life optimization by the state/sovereignty in order to better understand contemporary forms of the subjugation of life to the power of death.  I will utilize biopower as articulated by Foucault, and necropower as mapped out by Mbembe’s description of late modernity state violence (or violence under contemporary sovereignty) as methodological tools to examine,  Why and for what reasons do schools offer poor children free meals, take home laptops, free eye exams and dental check-ups while engaging in symbolic-objective-structural violence and implementing, securitization, militarizing and policing poor black youth bodies in the same spaces?
these important conceptual lenses are essential for us to understand of the totality of all existence, life and/or/both death. By connecting biopower with necropower , I can attempt to unpack some of these questions : What does it mean to have black skin in a world governed by an advanced neoliberal capitalism and white supremacy? “What role do schools and other educational institutions play in an era where black bodies in urban cities are experiencing redundancy, surplus, disposability and dispossessed subjectivities?”
I want to focus on what I think the purpose of schooling is : the mass extermination and life management/optimization of all poor, female, queer, black life/bodies subjectivities.  After I finished my thesis I begin exploring how a black social death is lived through a black social life and a black social life is lived though a black social death (Saxton, 2012). For me, black bodies are engaged and disengaged in a politics that is neither a pure form of life (let live, make life) or death (make death or let die), but a complex management of the two (Bhungalia, 2012). I will analyze this necro-bio dynamic as remains under/un-theorized, and unexamined in current education scholarship, thus, rendering black subjectivities obsolete. This leaves our analysis of contemporary forms of  sovereignty in education. The necro-biopower collaboration has a home in critical/political/Marxist/Feminist/Black geography, Social theory and Black Studies  but in radical/critical education scholarship only one scholar to date, Tyson E. Lewis (2006, 2010)  has theorized concepts of Agamben, Foucault to coin  biopedagogical and necropedagogical/thanatopedagogy (a pedagogy to end all education life).

Il sito di Pantalica rientra geograficamente nell’estesa Riserva naturale orientata Pantalica, Valle dell’Anapo e Torrente Cavagrande, compresa tra i comuni di Ferla e Sortino, nella provincia di Siracusa. La necropoli si trova su un altopiano circoscritto da due canyon formatisi dallo scorrere a sud del fiume Anapo e a nord del Calcinara, suo affluente.

Des del segle XII el cementiri parroquial de Sant Joan sempre havia estat al mateix lloc, a la plaça que hi ha al costat de l’església de Santa Eugènia de Vila-romà. Després de set segles d’enterraments continuats en aquest espai tant reduït, el 1902, en Joan Pagès, aleshores regidor de l’ajuntament, va informar que aquest havia arribat al seu col·lapse i sobreexplotació. L’antic Ajuntament de Sant Joan de Palamós va valorar primer la possibilitat d’ampliar el cementiri de l’església però l’estretor dels carrers i la proximitat de les cases contigües ho feia inviable. Així, l’abril de 1905 es va acordar (per unanimitat) dur a terme la construcció d’un nou cementiri municipal, dit cementiri de l’Est, que reunís les condicions higièniques necessàries i una major capacitat d’acord amb les previsions de creixement demogràfic. La construcció, a principis de segle XX, d’aquest equipament mortuori va comportar un procés llarg, feixuc i ple d’entrebancs i curiositats que es desvetllen en el present article.

Acknowledgements, Copyright and The Archives; Preface:; Introduction and Architectural Terms; CHAPTER I: PREVIOUS EXPLORATIONS; CHAPTER II: ROWE' S NECROPOLIS STUDIES: Tomb Studies: Northern; Eastern; Southern; CHAPTER III: ROWE' S NECROPOLIS EXCAVATION:Tomb Studies: Rock-cut Tombs N. 83 Area; Rock-cut Tombs N. 82 Area; Rock-cut Tombs N. 81 Area; CHAPTER IV: ROCKCUT TOMB MORPHOLOGY: Rock-cut Tombs; CHAPTER V: BUILT TOMB MORPHOLOGY: Rectangular Built Tombs; Square Built Tombs; Circular Built Tombs; Sarcophagi; Furnishings; CHAPTER VI: DISCUSSION: Cyrenaica and Marmarica; Eastern Greeks; Greek Islands; Mainland Greece; Western Greeks; Conclusion; CHAPTER VII: CATALOGUE OF BURIAL ACCOUTREMENTS: Architectural Elements; Burial Furniture; Burial Monuments; Burial Practice; List of Photographic Sources; Abbreviations; Bibliography; The Catalogue of Artifacts, with its Abbreviations and Bibliography, appears separately.

The identification of deviant burials as those of ‘vampires’ is a feature of excavated skeletons from sites across Eastern, Central and Southern Europe as well as the Balkans. Based on a close reading of historic and folkloric sources researchers have sought to match features of excavated sites with narrative descriptions drawn from vampire legend and myth. This study critically reviews the recent claims based on sites in Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Poland and Slovakia. Whilst it is found that there was a widespread belief in vampires across Europe, it is argued that it is difficult to make absolute claims for ‘vampire’ burials on archaeological grounds as in most cases there are alternate and equally compelling interpretations of the data.

KEYWORDS
ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY, SIXTEENTH CENTURY, SEVENTEENTH CENTURY, VAMPIRE, DEVIANT BURIAL, PLAGUE, BLACK DEATH, FOLKLORE, PAGAN, BURIAL, WITCH, BALKANS, EASTERN EUROPE, CENTRAL EUROPE, SOUTHERN EUROPE, BULGARIA, CZECH REPUBLIC, POLAND, GREECE, ITALY, SLOVAKIA, LESBOS, VENICE, APOTROPAIC, VAMPIRIDZHIJA, PERPERIKON, SOZOPOL, PROSTEJOV, CELAKOVICE, DRAWSKO, GLIWICI, SOUTHWELL, KILTEASHEEN, LAZZARETTO NUOVO, NACHTZEHRER, KAMIEN POMORSKI

Resumen: Durante las excavaciones arqueológicas realizadas en el
solar de la calle fueron localizadas 45 sepulturas, en diferente estado
de preservación, pertenecientes a la necrópolis de Puerta Elvira.
Abstract: During the archeological excavations carriet out in the
lot of street Parra Alta 45 sepulchres were located, in different preservation
state, belonging to the necropolis of Puerta Elvira.

Le ceneri degli Statielli. La necropoli della seconda età del Ferro di Montabone, a cura di M. Venturino, 2019, Genova (De Ferrari)

Il volume raccoglie i risultati dell’indagine archeologica, delle analisi e degli studi sui reperti della necropoli di Liguri Statielli (II secolo a.C.) rinvenuta in occasione della costruzione di un metanodotto (2008) lungo la valle del torrente Bogliona nel territorio di Montabone (provincia di Asti).
L’indagine archeologica condotta nella necropoli di Montabone ha consentito per la prima volta di indagare, nella Liguria interna piemontese, un contesto funerario quasi intatto nell’ambito di una ampia sequenza stratigrafica e cronologica, compresa tra fine IV-inizi III secolo a.C. e l’età storica, e – sulla base della documentazione raccolta – di ricostruire la storia di una piccola comunità di Liguri Statielli dalla fine del IV secolo a.C. al momento di avvio della romanizzazione del territorio agli inizi del I secolo a.C.

Parole chiave: Carystum, Liguri Statielli, protostoria, necropoli, seconda età del Ferro, perle di vetro, iscrizioni celtiche miniaturistiche.

The volume collects the results of the archaeological investigation, analyzes and studies on the findings of the Liguri Statielli necropolis (2nd century BC) found on the occasion of the construction of a methane pipeline (2008) along the valley of the Bogliona torrent in the territory of Montabone (province of Asti).
The archaeological investigation conducted in the Montabone necropolis has allowed for the first time to investigate, in Piedmont's internal Liguria, an almost intact funerary context within a broad stratigraphic and chronological sequence, from the end of the IV-early III century BC and the historical age, and - based on the collected documentation - to reconstruct the history of a small community of Ligurian Statielli from the end of the 4th century BC to the time of the start of the Romanisation of the territory about the beginning of the first century BC.

Keywords: Carystum, Liguri Statielli, protohistory, necropolis, second Iron Age, glass beads, miniature Celtic inscriptions.

The largest city necropolis of Naissus in the period of Late Antiquity was formed east of the fortress, along the road to Ratiaria. Since it is located in today’s city quarter of Jagodin Mala, it became known by that name in the literature. In Late Antiquity, this area had been used intensively for burials, from the end of the 4th century to the 6th or beginning of the 7th century.

During the systematic exploration of this area, five church edifices, a crypt (martyrium?), over 65 brick lined tombs, a large number of brick lined graves and around 300 graves of the deceased, interred in the ground, have been identified. Between the tombs and in the free spaces, the deceased were buried in simple grave holes or in wooden coffins. The area has revealed different types of sepulchral structures, building methods, and materials that were used, as well as the funeral practices of the inhabitants of Naissus in Late Antiquity, during Early Christianity. The wealth of grave goods and inventory suggests that the population lived in a time of social and economic prosperity.

Dalla nascita delle città-stato nel corso dell’VIII secolo a.C., con uno sguardo alle diverse aree del Mediterraneo, il volume segue lo sviluppo delle città cercando di sottolineare tratti comuni e differenze, continuità, rotture e contaminazioni, mentre sullo sfondo si muovono vicende contingenti e processi storici di lunga durata. Attraverso quasi millecinquecento anni si tratteggiano così i volti dei centri urbani fino alla costituzione dei regni romano-barbarici tra V e VI secolo d.C., alle soglie del Medioevo.
La pianificazione della città e del territorio, la loro difesa, l’organizzazione degli spazi pubblici e privati e la gestione delle risorse sono analizzate nei loro elementi costitutivi, con una particolare attenzione alle relazioni topografiche e funzionali che legano tra loro le varie parti, con l’obiettivo di ricomporre la complessità dei paesaggi antichi.

St Vitus' s Cathedral, founded in 1344, is a prime example of 14th-century cathedral Gothic, a product of the cooperation between the ingenious architect Peter Parler and his patron, Emperor Charles IV. The unusual layout consisted of a pair of choirs set side by side in the eastern section of the cathedral, an arrangement inspired by the earlier Romanesque double-choir basilica. One was dedicated to St Vitus and was used by the canons, the other to the Virgin Mary and operated by the mansionars. The royal and imperial necropolis was placed in the latter of the two choirs, with Charles IV's tomb-chest protected by a sculptured canopy and surrounded by the cenotaphs of deceased family members and later kings and queens. The form of two choirs is probably the result of an extensive rearrangement of the earlier project completed in the 1350s, when initial plans to locate the royal burial ground in the canons' choir were abandoned. The main choir contained a tabernacle of remarkable design, dating from c. 1365. There may originally have been plans for a third choir to be built around the tomb of St Adalbert located in the middle of the nave, the work on which was initiated in 1392.

THE NECROPOLIS OF HELLENISTIC MARESHA, JUDEAN FOOTHILLS, ISRAEL
AMOS KLONER, NILI GRAICER AND BOAZ ZISSU

The ancient city of Maresha is identified with Tell Sandahannah, situated in the Judean Foothills, about 40 km southwest of Jerusalem. During the Hellenistic period Maresha flourished and became an important city.
The archaeological site consists of a Tell - the Upper City (=UC), a Lower City (LC) and a Subterranean City (=SC). A vast necropolis forms a ring surrounding the LC and includes three main cemeteries (Northern, Eastern and South-Western). The exploration of the necropolis started in 1873 and has continued up until the present day.
The cemeteries consist of more than 40 rock-cut burial chambers or hypogea. A typical hypogeum includes an elongated rectangular hall into whose walls loculi (burial niches) featuring typical gabled openings; sometimes additional chambers were cut, forming a burial complex. The loculi were used for primary and secondary burials.
Two of the tombs [nos. 1 (551) and 2 (552)], discovered in 1902, had outstanding wall paintings dating from the 3rd century BCE. The paintings are characterized by a mixture of sepulchral motifs, mostly of Greek or Alexandrian origin. The animal frieze painted in Tomb 1 (551, The "Sidonian Community Tomb") is a unique document of its kind in the Hellenistic world. Renewed explorations of Tomb 2 (552) exposed a neighboring burial chamber (560) hewn initially in the Hellenistic period and reused in the Roman period.
The Hellenistic period hypogea of Maresha were long-term family sepulchres – cut in the soft chalk for the burial of the city residents along several generations. The tombs served this purpose throughout the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE, until the destruction of the city by the Hasmoneans, c. 111 BCE. Some of the tombs, located in the Northern and Eastern necropoleis were reused in the Roman period.
The architectural plans of the hypogea probably reached Maresha from elsewhere in the Hellenistic world. The hypogea resemble the architectural and artistic style of Ptolemaic period's tombs (mostly from the 3rd century BCE) in the Shatbi necropolis of Alexandria in Egypt.
The epigraphic evidence reflects the multi-ethnic composition of the city, combining Idumaeans, Phoenicians, Greeks, some Egyptians and possibly a few Judeans. These ethnic elements produced the outstanding social and cultural fabric of the city during the Hellenistic period.
The article presents and discusses the architecture of the rock-cut burial chambers in light of similar hypogea known from the Hellenistic world, the spatial distribution of the tombs, the outstanding wall paintings and their parallels, some objects found in the tombs and some significant inscriptions.

"Representations", N. 129, Winter 2015.

The essay analyzes the project of maintaining the body of V. I. Lenin in the Mausoleum in Moscow for the past ninety years, focusing on the unique biological science that developed around this project, and the unexpected political role this body has performed.

Partially excavated in a context of rescue archaeology related to the Edia’s water supply infrastructures, the fi ve necropolis presented here – Poço da Gontinha 1, Pardieiro (Ferreira do Alentejo, Beja), Poço Novo 1, Fareleira 2 e Fareleira 3 (Pedrogão, Vidigueira) – integrate and enrich the Iron Age funerary landscape in the Baixo Alentejo.
Framed in a very particular spatiality of confl ux between two different watersheds
– Guadiana and Sado – they present a similar universe in terms of architecture, rites
and assets, despite different fl uxes, dinamics and solutions.