Hill

Economic and social development of hill areas is solely dependent upon women. A study conducted in four villages viz.; Bhaluti, Kausani, Jeoli and Sariyatal of Nainital District of Uttarakhand to know the awareness about agriculture and animal husbandry. Questioner based study was conducted, which was focused on the socioeconomic characteristics and problems of hill women. Result revealed that majority of respondents belonged to middle age group category (58 per cent) and all the respondents have television and mobile phone. Majority of farm women were involved in farming and dairy. Maximum (90 per cent) respondents take farming related information with input dealers. Maximum numbers of respondents were unaware about scientific packages and practices related to crop production, farm implements suitable for hills areas (98 per cent), high yielding varieties of crops/use of improved varieties (94 per cent), processing technique (96 per cent) and storage techniques (82 per cent).Majority of respondents (96 per cent) were unaware about SHGs followed by small enterprise (90 per cent). On the basis of needs of hill women a participatory need based Kishan Gosthi was organized to aware the hill women on many aspects.

Introduction Culture In the last chapter we saw that the phenomenon of language does not have natural divisions between ‘varieties’ of language, which we could call ‘languages’, ‘dialects’ or ‘registers’, though there may be natural internal divisions within it on the basis of ‘levels’ of language, such as vocabulary, syntax, morphology and phonology. We now turn to the external relations of language, to ask whether there are natural boundaries between the phenomena covered by the term ‘language’ and other kinds of phenomena, notably those called ‘culture’ and ‘thought’. Once again we shall arrive at a somewhat complex answer, but it is one which emphasises the similarities between language and other phenomena rather than the differences, and which also stresses the close connections between the phenomena rather than their independence. For instance, I shall argue that many of the properties of language looked at in the last chapter are also properties of culture in general, and that meaning is best studied in relation to culture and thought. To the extent that these conclusions are correct, they present a challenge to the view which has dominated twentieth- century linguistics, that language is both unique and autonomous. The autonomous view of language has recently been challenged strongly from a different direction, by linguists whose main interest is in meaning and who collectively refer to themselves as ‘Cognitive linguists’. Cognitive linguistics now has its own journal with the same name.

Experimental characterization of the mechanical properties in a thin injection moulded Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plate is per- formed in this work. Anisotropy in LDPE at different material orientations is measured from the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) observation of the specimens during uniaxial tensile test. From the test response and observation from DIC, the studied material is found to be significantly anisotropic. Finite Element simulation (FE-simulation) of in-plane anisotropy of material is carried in AbaqusTM R2020 using available models like Hill48 and Barlat2004. When necessary the simulation plastic potentials for these models are optimized against experimental yield stress ratio (R) and anisotropic ratio (r). To express the nonlinear mechanical behavior, a suitable hardening extrapolation model, namely Swift/Hockett-Sherby is selected from several extrapolation models based on experimental data. To validate the experimental methods, simulation methods and material characterization process, finite element simulation results such as force displacement, strain distribution and different anisotropic related properties are compared with the experimental data. Finally, advantages and disadvantages of different simulation models are discussed