Variety of Life

Paleodarwinula fragiliformis, from Molostovskaya (2000).

Belongs within: Ostracoda.

Paleodarwinula is a genus of Permian ostracods closely resembling the modern genus Darwinula.

<==Paleodarwinula
    |--P. alexandrinae TT05
    |--P. angusta TT05
    |--P. arida TT05
    |--P. belousovae TT05
    |--P. chramevella TT05
    |--P. chramovi TT05
    |--P. defluxa TT05
    |--P. elegantella TT05
    |--P. elongata TT05
    |--P. faba TT05
    |--P. fanae TT05
    |--P. fragiliformis TT05
    |--P. fragilis TT05
    |--P. inornatina TT05
    |--P. inornatinaeformis TT05
    |--P. multa TT05
    |--P. obvia TT05
    |--P. pavlovskaja TT05
    |--P. stelmachovi TT05
    `--P. torensis TT05

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

Molostovskaya, I. I. 2000. The evolutionary history of Late Permian Darwinulocopina Sohn, 1988 (Ostracoda) from the Russian Plate. Hydrobiologia 419: 125-130.

[TT05] Tverdokhlebov, V. P., G. I. Tverdokhlebova, A. V. Minikh, M. V. Surkov & M. J. Benton. 2005. Upper Permian vertebrates and their sedimentological context in the South Urals, Russia. Earth-Science Reviews 69: 27-77.

Features of Cobanocythere labiata, from Hartmann (1959). 117: Right valve; 118: hinge; 119: end of body; 120: female antenna; 121: male copulatory organ.

Belongs within: Cytheroidea.

Cobanocythere is a genus of marine interstitial ostracods found around the world. Members of this genus are united by the presence of three adductor muscle scars, a rudimentary or absent bracnhial plate on the mandible, and a copulatory organ with a ventro-median extension and short penis. The genera Microcytheridea and Platymicrocythere, each previously distinguished by features of the external shell, share these characteristics and hence were synonymised by Gottwald (1983).

Characters (from Hartmann 1959*): Shell similar to Microcythere, with large radial pore canals; hinge with cardinal teeth or bar. Eyes reduced. Distinct adductor muscle scars. First antenna 6-segmented; distalmost segment reduced. Second antenna 4-segmented, distally with one large and one small seta. Mandibular palp slender, 3-segmented; basis of mandible with long tooth and several shorter teeth. Maxilla with small exopod, with only a few rays. Maxilliped well-developed, exopod one-segmented, distal segment not developed. Bristles of maxilliped and exopod slim and long. Thoracopods 4-segmented.

*Translated from original German with the help of Google Translate; any errors of translation are my own.

<==Cobanocythere Hartmann 1959 DH86 [incl. Microcytheridea Hartmann 1965 G83, Platymicrocythere Schormikov 1975 G83]
    |  i. s.: C. angularis Gottwald & Scherner 1980 DH86
    |         C. axi Gottwald 1983 DH86
    |         C. chilensis Gottwald 1983 [=Microcytheridea labiata Hartmann 1965 non C. labiata Hartmann 1959] DH86
    |         C. cuneiformis Hartmann 1974 DH86
    |         C. hartmanni Reys 1961 DH86
    |         C. longiantennata (Marinov 1962) DH86 [=Microcythere longiantennata G83]
    |         ‘Microcythere’ subterranea Hartmann 1954 [=Cobanocythere parva Gottwald 1983] DH86
    |         C. subterranoides Hartmann 1974 DH86
    |         C. syltensis Gottwald 1983 DH86
    |--C. elongata Gottwald 1983 G83
    |--C. guttaeformis Gottwald 1983 G83
    |--C. santacruzensis Gottwald 1983 G83
    |--+--*C. ‘subterranea’ Hartmann 1959 non Microcythere subterranea Hartmann 1954 G83
    |  |--C. arenicola Gottwald 1983 G83
    |  `--C. japonica Schornikov 1975 G83
    |--+--C. tokiokai (Schornikov 1975) [=Platymicrocythere tokiokai] G83
    |  `--+--C. labiata Hartmann 1959 G83
    |     `--C. mielkei Gottwald 1983 G83
    `--+--C. fernandinensis Gottwald 1983 G83
       |--C. hoodensis Gottwald 1983 G83
       |--C. lanceolata Gottwald 1983 G83
       |--C. pacifica Gottwald 1983 G83
       |--C. psammophila Gottwald 1983 G83
       `--C. sublitoralis Gottwald 1983 G83

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DH86] Danielopol, D. L., & G. Hartmann. 1986. Ostracoda. In: Botosaneanu, L. (ed.) Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) pp. 265–294. E. J. Brill/Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

[G83] Gottwald, J. 1983. Interstitielle Fauna von Galapagos. XXX. Podocopida 1 (Ostracoda). Mikrofauna des Meeresbodens 90: 1–187.

Hartmann, G. 1959. Zur Kenntnis der lotischen Lebensbereiche der pazifischen Küste von El Salvador unter besonderer Berücksichtigung seiner Ostracodenfauna. Kieler Meeresforschungen 76 (2): 187–241.

Specimens of Trapezicandona [=Mixtacandona] from southern France. Photo from here.

Belongs within: Candonidae.

Mixtacandona is a genus of subterranean freshwater ostracods from Europe. Karanovic & Pesce (2000) indicated that the often-ascribed publication of 'Klie 1938' for this genus is in error, and pointed out that the name for this genus should be Trapezicandona Schornikov 1969.

Characters (from Karanovic & Pesce 2000, for Trapezicandona): Valve shape trapezoidal, triangular or elongated. Valve surface smooth or slightly ornamented. Antennula 7-segmented. Antenna of male with or without male bristles. Aesthetasc on antenna very long (more than 60% of first endopodal segment). Exopodite on antenna consisting of plate, one long and two small setae. Exopodite of first thoracic leg with three setae, prehensile palps slightly asymmetrical. Protopodite of walking leg without setae. Walking leg 5-segmented. Protopodite of cleaning leg with three setae. Cleaning leg 4 or 5-segmented. Penultimate segment of cleaning leg with one or two setae, terminal segment with one long and two small setae. Furca with very short posterior seta. Genital segment without appendages. Zenker's organ with seven whorls of spines. Hemipenis typical with lateral lobe very thin relative to other lobes.

<==Mixtacandona Klie 1938 DH86
    |--M. botosaneanui Danielopol 1978 DH86
    |--M. chappuisi (Klie 1943) DH86
    |--M. cottarellii Danielopol 1982 DH86
    |--M. elegans Danielopol & Cvetkov 1978 DH86
    |--M. hvarensis Danielopol 1969 DH86
    |--M. juberthieae Danielopol 1977-78 DH86
    |--M. laisi Klie 1938 DH86
    |    |--M. l. laisi DH86
    |    `--M. l. vindobonensis (Löffler 1963) DH86
    |--M. ljovuschkini (Rudjakov 1963) DH86
    |--M. loeffleri Danielopol 1978 DH86
    |--M. peliaca (Schäfer 1945) DH86
    |--M. pietrosanii Danielopol & Cvetkov 1978 DH86
    |--M. pseudocrenulata (Schäfer 1945) DH86
    |--M. riongessa (Bronstein 1947) DH86
    |--M. stammeri (Klie 1938) DH86
    |--M. tabacarui Danielopol & Cvetkov 1978 DH86
    |--M. taurica (Schornikov 1969) DH86
    `--M. transleithanica (Löffler 1960) DH86

*Type species of generic name indicated

REFERENCES

[DH86] Danielopol, D. L., & G. Hartmann. 1986. Ostracoda. In Stygofauna Mundi: A Faunistic, Distributional, and Ecological Synthesis of the World Fauna inhabiting Subterranean Waters (including the Marine Interstitial) (L. Botosaneanu, ed.) pp. 265-294. E. J. Brill / Dr. W. Backhuys: Leiden.

Karanovic, I., & G. L. Pesce. 2000. Trapezicandona italica n. sp. from the underground waters of southern Italy (Crustacea, Ostracoda). Fragmenta Entomologica 32 (2): 213-224.