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Showing posts with label Cervidae. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cervidae. Show all posts

Tuesday, September 24, 2024

[PaleoMammalogy • 2024] The Postcranial Skeleton of Amphimoschus Bourgeois, 1873 (Cetartiodactyla: Ruminantia: Pecora) sheds light on Its Phylogeny and the Evolution of the clade Cervoidea


 Amphimoschus, autopodial morphology and palaeoecological implications

in Sánchez, Cantalapiedra, DeMiguel, Azanza, Strani et Morales, 2024. 
Art by Flavia Strani.

Abstract
Here we present the first description of the postcranial skeleton of Amphimoschus, an enigmatic hornless ruminant known from the late Early to the late Middle Miocene of Eurasia (c. 17.5–13.8 Ma). This new fossil material that includes several elements of the appendicular skeleton comes from the French sites of Pontlevoy (MN5), Aérotrain (MN4), and Artenay (MN4). The postcranial skeleton of Amphimoschus is relevant to determine its phylogenetic affinities within the Pecora and to better understand the evolution of cervoids, the pecoran ruminants more closely related to deer. Our total-evidence tip-dating phylogenetic analysis recovers three well-supported main lineages of crown pecorans (Giraffomorpha, Bovidomorpha and Cervidomorpha) and places Amphimoschus as a basal member of a monophyletic Cervoidea. Thus, we reject the recent assignment of Amphimoschus to the Bovoidea, and confirm the presence of hornless forms at the base of the cervoid clade. We define the Cervoidea as the least inclusive clade of crown pecorans including Amphimoschus and the Cervidae. We also define the Cervidomorpha as the least inclusive clade of crown pecorans containing Namibiomeryx and the Cervidae. Cervidomorphs were relatively successful in the Miocene, spreading through Africa, Eurasia and North America during the Early–Middle Miocene. Amphimoschus xishuiensis Y.-K. Li et al., 2021 is recovered here as the closest sister group to the Bovidae and hence cannot be considered to belong to the genus Amphimoschus. We erect for it the new genus Dimidiomeryx. Our topology adds complexity to the recently revamped hypothesis based on molecular data regarding the single origin of the cranial appendages in pecoran ruminants. Amphimoschus probably had a sitatunga-like lifestyle, sporting sprawling-out fingers with very long third phalanges, long limbs and a general configuration of the appendicular skeleton that probably allowed it to live in swampy/semiaquatic environments.

Keywords: body size, Cervoidea, headgear, Ruminantia, phylogeny, Miocene
 
 Amphimoschus, autopodial morphology and palaeoecological implications. A, composite articulated right anterior autopodium of Amphimoschus from Artenay (right digit mirrored from the single preserved one) showing the c. 34° angle formed by Amphimoschus digits (similar to extant Moschus), with digits in neutral articulation position and the collateral ligaments (marked in green) showing the vector of their action (green arrows); B, reconstruction of an adult male Amphimoschus in its postulated habitat; C, detail of Amphimoschus left manus and right pes showing the elongated sitatunga-like main hooves and the flat stance of the digits III–IV against the ground.
Art by Flavia Strani.


Israel M. Sánchez, Juan L. Cantalapiedra, Daniel DeMiguel, Beatriz Azanza, Flavia Strani and Jorge Morales. 2024. The Postcranial Skeleton of Amphimoschus Bourgeois, 1873 (Cetartiodactyla, Ruminantia, Pecora) sheds light on Its Phylogeny and the Evolution of the clade Cervoidea. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 22(1);  2386020. DOI: doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2386020  
  x.com/FlaviaStrani/status/1838203238048239701

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Sunday, March 10, 2024

[Mammalogy • 2024] Pudella carlae • The First living cervid Species described in the 21st Century and Revalidation of Pudella (Artiodactyla: Cervidae)


[2] Pudella carlae n. sp. 
[1] Pudella mephistophila &
 [3] Pudu pudu 

 Barrio, Gutiérrez & D’Elía, 2024 
 Drawing by Omar Custodio   facebook.com/OmarCustodio1

 Abstract
Several issues regarding the systematics and taxonomy of the Neotropical deer tribe Odocoileini, an assemblage of 18 recognized living species currently allocated into 7 genera, remain unclear. The few available phylogenetic analyses indicate that some genera are not monophyletic and that species richness in the group is underestimated. One genus that presents both problems are the stocky and short-legged dwarf deer, Pudu. As currently understood, it includes 2 species, the Northern pudu, Pudu mephistophiles from Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia; and the Southern pudu, P. puda, from southern Chile and nearby Argentina. Here, by means of qualitative and quantitative morphologic analysis and the assessment of genetic variation, we showed that 2 distinct species are encompassed by the current concept of P. mephistophiles. The typical form distributes north of the Huancabamba Depression from northernmost Peru to the north (Ecuador and Colombia), while the other distributes south of the Huancabamba Depression and is a Peruvian endemic. As no name is available for the last one, we describe and name it here. This is the first living cervid species described in the 21st century and the first from the New World in over 60 years. Additionally, as the Southern Pudu (the type species of Pudu) is not sister to the 2 northern pudu species, we revalidate the genus Pudella to allocate the latter 2 species.

Pudella mephistophila, Pudella carlae n. sp. & Pudu pudu  
Drawing by Omar Custodio  


Pudella mephistophila [Pudu mephistophile]
Pudella carlae 
Pudu pudu 



Javier Barrio, Eliécer E Gutiérrez and Guillermo D’Elía. 2024. The First living cervid Species described in the 21st Century and Revalidation of Pudella (Artiodactyla). Journal of Mammalogy. gyae012. DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyae012

  

Resumen: Distintos aspectos de la sistemática y taxonomía de la tribu de ciervos neotropicales Odocoileini, que incluye un conjunto de 18 especies vivas reconocidas actualmente que se engloban en siete géneros, siguen sin estar resueltos. Los pocos análisis filogenéticos disponibles indican que algunos géneros no son monofiléticos y que la riqueza del grupo esta subestimada. Uno de los géneros que presenta ambos problemas es el género de ciervos pequeños y patas cortas Pudu. Con base en la clasificación actual, éste incluye dos especies, Pudu mephistophiles distribuido en Perú, Ecuador y Colombia y P. puda distribuido en el sur de Chile y áreas cercanas de Argentina. Este estudio mediante análisis morfológicos cualitativo y cuantitativo y la evaluación de la variación genética, muestra que el concepto actual de P. mephistophiles engloba a dos especies distintas. La forma típica se distribuye al norte de la Depresión de Huancabamba desde el extremo norte de Perú hacia el norte (Ecuador y Colombia), mientras que la segunda se distribuye al sur de la Depresión de Huancabamba y es endémica de Perú. Como no hay nombre disponible para esta última, aquí la nominamos y describimos formalmente. Esta es la primera especie viviente de cérvido descrita en el siglo XXI y la primera del Nuevo Mundo en más de 60 años. Además, como el pudú del sur (la especie tipo de Pudu) no es hermano de las dos especies de pudú del norte, revalidamos el género Pudella para colocar a las dos últimas especies.

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Monday, March 20, 2023

[PaleoMammalogy • 2023] The Fallow Deer Dama celiae sp. nov. with Two-pointed Antlers from the Middle Pleistocene of Madrid, A Contemporary of Humans with Acheulean Technology


Dama celiae  
van der Made, Rodríguez-Alba, Martos, Gamarra, Rubio-Jara, Panera & Yravedra, 2023

Reconstruction of the Manzanares valley. 
Other species present are Anas platyrhynchos, Equus ferus, Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus, Mauremys leprosa, Bison sp., Bos primigenius, and Stephanorhinus hemitoechus. 
artwork y J. Gamarra twitter.com/Gamarraptor

Abstract
We describe fossils of a new species of fallow deer, Dama celiae. It is the end member of the lineage Dama farnetensis–D. vallonnetensis–D. roberti–D. celiae, which reduced the number of points of the antler from four to two, while the parallel lineage leading to the living fallow deer evolved more complex and palmate antlers. The fossils are from localities Pedro Jaro I and Orcasitas in the + 25–30-m terrace of the Manzanares river, which is correlated to MIS9 (337–300 ka) and which also yielded fossils of Megaloceros matritensis, a recently named species, end member of a lineage that survived longer than previously believed. A younger terrace of the Manzanares yielded remains of Haploidoceros, a rare deer known from two older localities in southern France and one younger locality in Spain. So many rare deer species in this valley indicates either endemism and a very special environment or that the record of fossil deer is much less known than generally assumed. Until recently, the European Middle Pleistocene record of deer had only one middle-sized species at a time. Now, it appears that there were up to three contemporaneous species of the size of a fallow deer. Acheulean lithic assemblages have been documented from the same sites as Dama celiae. This species was contemporaneous to Neanderthals with Acheulean culture. Cut marks suggest that it was consumed by them and probably was hunted.

Keywords: New species, Cervidae, Evolution, Manzanares valley, Cut marks


Antlers of Dama celiae sp. nov.
 (1) MAN 73/58/PJ/39 + 21 + 26—left antler holotype from Pedro Jaro I: (a) left lateral view, (b) anterior view, (c) dorsal view. (2) MAN 73/58/PJ/24 main beam of right antler of the same individual: dorsal view, placed symmetrically with respect to the left antler. (3) MAN C37/V6—left frontal and basal antler and right frontal with pedicle from Orcasitas: (a) medial view of left antler, (b) lateral view of left antler, and (c) frontal view of both. (4) MAN 73/58/ORC-3—left shed antler from Orcasitas: (a) anterior, (b) lateral, and (c) dorsal views. (5) MAN 73/58/ORC-1—right antler of Dama celiae fom Orcasitas: (a) lateral and (b) medial views. (6) MSI 1962/13/32 + 33—left frontal and antler base + brow tine from Orcasitas. Figure 4 (6). (7) MAN 73/58/ CA K7/7–8—left shed antler from Orcasitas: (a) lateral view, (b) section. Scale bar approximate

Family Cervidae.

Genus Dama Frisch, 1775.

Species Dama celiae sp. nov.

Type locality and horizon:  Arenero de Pedro Jaro I, Manzanares valley, Madrid, Spain. Late Middle Pleistocene, probably MIS9-10.

Derivatio nominis: The species is named in honor of Celia Casado Sarrión.

Diagnosis: Middle-sized Cervidae. Males with antlers with large upwards-directed brow tines and main beams directed backwards and curving laterally and again backwards, without important upward curvature and without signs of further bifurcation, important flattening or palmation. The bifurcation between brow tine and main beam is situated low above the burr.

Differential diagnosis: Dama celiae differs from Dama roberti and other species of Dama in having a long main beam without bifurcation or the flattening that preceedes such a bifurcation (or if it would have had such a bifurcation, it would be situated much further from the burr). Dama celiae differs from Haploidoceros in that the bifurcation between brow tine and main beam is situated much lower above the burr and that the main beam does not curve upward and then foreward. Dama celiae differs from R. eldii in that the main beam of the antler does not curve upward in its distal part and in not having minor tines.

Reconstruction of Dama celiae in the Manzanares valley. Other species present are Anas platyrhynchos, Equus ferus, Elephas (Palaeoloxodon) antiquus, Mauremys leprosa, Bison sp., Bos primigenius, and Stephanorhinus hemitoechus.
(artwork y J. Gamarra)


 
Jan van der Made, Juan José Rodríguez-Alba, Juan Antonio Martos, Jesús Gamarra, Susana Rubio-Jara, Joaquín Panera and José Yravedra. 2023. The Fallow Deer Dama celiae sp. nov. with Two-pointed Antlers from the Middle Pleistocene of Madrid, A Contemporary of Humans with Acheulean Technology. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences.15: 41. DOI: 10.1007/s12520-023-01734-3


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Wednesday, August 31, 2016

[Paleontology • 2016] The Middle Pleistocene Vertebrate Fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): Biochronological and Paleobiogeographical Implications


Cranial remains of Axis axis from Khok Sung 

Abstract
The fluviatile terrace deposits of Khok Sung, Nakhon Ratchasima province, have yielded more than one thousand fossils, making this the richest Pleistocene vertebrate fauna of Thailand. The excellent preservation of the specimens allows precise characterization of the faunal composition. The mammalian fauna consists of fifteen species in thirteen genera, including a primate, a canid, a hyaenid, proboscideans, rhinoceroses, a suid, cervids, and bovids. Most species correspond to living taxa but globally (Stegodon cf. orientalis) and locally (Crocuta crocuta ultima, Rhinoceros unicornis, Sus barbatus, and Axis axis) extinct taxa were also present. The identification of Axis axis in Khok Sung, a chital currently restricted to the Indian Subcontinent, represents the first record of the species in Southeast Asia. Three reptilian taxa: Crocodylus cf. siamensis, Python sp., and Varanus sp., are also identified. Faunal correlations with other Southeast Asian sites suggest a late Middle to early Late Pleistocene age for the Khok Sung assemblage. However, the Khok Sung mammalian fauna is most similar to that of Thum Wiman Nakin, dated to older than 169 ka. The Khok Sung large mammal assemblage mostly comprises mainland Southeast Asian taxa that migrated to Java during the latest Middle Pleistocene, supporting the hypothesis that Thailand was a biogeographic pathway for the Sino-Malayan migration event from South China to Java.

Keywords: Large mammals, taxonomy, Ailuropoda–Stegodon assemblage, paleobiogeography, late Middle Pleistocene, Quaternary, northeastern Thailand, mainland Southeast Asia


Figure 1. Map of Southeast Asia showing A the Sundaland boundaries and the migration route hypothesis: Siva-Malayan route (black), Sino-Malayan route (red), and Taiwan-Philippine Archipelago route (blue) and B the location of the Khok Sung sand pit (star) and other Middle (red circle) and Late (yellow circle) Pleistocene sites. The Sunda shelf boundaries at the sea level about 120 m lower than the present day are compiled from Voris (2000). Some Middle Pleistocene sites in South China and central Eastern China are shown in the map. Only Gua Cha (Peninsular Malaysia) is Holocene in age (Groves 1985, Bulbeck 2003).


Figure 2. Locality of Khok Sung:
A the sand pit during the paleontological excavation B the location of vertebrate fossils C the lithostratigraphic and paleomagnetic sections (modified from Suraprasit et al. 2015).

Figure 7. Dental remains of Stegodon cf. orientalis from Khok Sung:
A–B DMR-KS-05-03-28-14, a right DP4 in occlusal (A) and buccal (B) views C DMR-KS-05-03-19-7, an anterior lobe of DP4 in occlusal view D DMR-KS-05-04-01-8, a left dp3 in occlusal view E–F DMR-KS-05-03-29-1, a left posterior fragment of M2 in occlusal (E) and buccal (F) views G–H DMR-KS-05-03-22-19, a right posterior fragment of M3 in occlusal (G) and buccal (H) views I–K DMR-KS-05-03-15-2, a fragmentary upper tusk in proximal (I–J) and dorsal (K) views L DMR-KS-05-03-08-1, a left mandible with m3 in occlusal view M DMR-KS-05-03-08-2, a right mandible with m3 in occlusal view.

Figure 14. Cranial remains of Axis axis from Khok Sung:
 A–B DMR-KS-05-04-18-50, a cranium with nearly complete antlers in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views C–D DMR-KS-05-03-00-30, a cranium in lateral (C) amd ventral (D) views E DMR-KS-05-03-18-X9, a cranium in anterior view F–G DMR-KS-05-03-27-1 a cranium in dorsal (F) and ventral (G) views H DMR-KS-05-03-31-30, a right antler in anterior view; (I) DMR-KS-05-03-22-4, a right antler in lateral view J DMR-KS-05-03-18-21, a left antler fragment in lateral view K DMR-05-03-22-2, a left antler fragment in lateral view L DMR-KS-05-03-19-81, a left antler fragment in medial view.

Figure 19. Remains of Panolia eldii from Khok Sung:
 A–C DMR-KS-05-04-20-4, a cranium in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views D DMR-KS-05-03-15-11, a right P2 E DMR-KS-05-03-00-24, a left M1 F DMR-KS-05-03-00-23, a right M2 G DMR-KS-05-03-27-6, a left M3 H DMR-KS-05-04-9-2, a left M3 I DMR-KS-05-03-29-2, a right i1 in lingual view J–K DMR-KS-05-03-27-2, a left mandible in lateral (J) and occlusal (K) views L–M DMR-KS-05-04-9-5, a left mandible in occlusal (L) and lateral (M) views. All teeth are shown in occlusal view. 

Figure 30. Cranial and upper dental remains of Bubalus arnee from Khok Sung:
A–C DMR-KS-05-03-20-1, a cranium in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views and D–E DMR-KS-05-03-21-1, a cranium in dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views F–G DMR-KS-05-03-11-1, a right upper jaw in lateral (F) and occlusal (G) views H–I DMR-KS-05-03-16-3, a partial cranium in ventral view (H) with a right tooth row (I) J DMR-KS-05-03-16-2, a right horn core in dorsal view K DMR-KS-05-03-18-14, a left P2 L DMR-KS-05-03-00-103, a left DP3 M DMR-KS-05-04-29-8, a right DP4 N DMR-KS-05-03-00-7, a right M3. Cross-sections of basal horn cores are given. All isolated teeth are shown in occlusal view. 

Kantapon Suraprasit, Jean-Jacques Jaeger, Yaowalak Chaimanee, Olivier Chavasseau, Chotima Yamee, Pannipa Tian and Somsak Panha. 2016. The Middle Pleistocene Vertebrate Fauna from Khok Sung (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): Biochronological and Paleobiogeographical Implications.  ZooKeys. 613; 1-157. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.613.8309

 พรรณสัตว์มีกระดูกสันหลังสมัยไพลสโตซีนตอนกลาง แหล่งซากดึกดําบรรพ์โคกสูง อําเภอเมือง จังหวัดนครราชสีมา: การลำดับชั้นหินทางชีวภาพ และบรรพชีวภูมิศาสตร์ 


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Wednesday, January 8, 2014

[PaleoMammalogy • 2014] Lagomeryx manai • Systematics and Phylogeny of middle Miocene Cervidae (Mammalia) from Mae Moh Basin (Thailand) and a Paleoenvironmental Estimate using Enamel Isotopy of Sympatric Herbivore Species


Lagomeryx manai
Suraprasit, Chaimanee,  Bocherens, Chavasseau & Jaeger 2014
illustration: Pattnapong Pansi

Abstract

The primitive deer (subfamily Lagomerycinae) Lagomeryx and Stephanocemas are characterized primarily by their palmate antlers. Two lagomerycines, Lagomeryx manai, sp. nov., and Stephanocemas rucha, are described for the first time from Q and K coal layers of the late middle Miocene (13.4–13.2 Ma) Mae Moh Basin in northern Thailand. A species-level phylogeny of the Ligeromeryx-Lagomeryx clade, based on cranial appendages, reconstructs Lagomeryx manai, n. sp., as a derived species of Lagomeryx, sister group of Lagomeryx complicidens. This study suggests that the large species of Lagomeryx are restricted geographically to Asia and dispersed to Southeast Asia at the latest during late middle Miocene, where they are represented by Lagomeryx manai, n. sp. The paleoenvironmental studies of five Mae Moh mammalian taxa, a cervid (Lagomeryx manai, n. sp.), an indeterminate bovid, a suid (Conohyus thailandicus), a rhinoceros (Gaindatherium sp.), and a proboscidean (Stegolophodon sp.), investigated with stable carbon and oxygen isotope analyses of tooth enamel, indicate that the Mae Moh mammals inhabited a wide range of habitats from woodlands to grasslands in a C3-plant-dominated environment. The new species of Lagomeryx seems to have been living in an open environment, contrary to its European relatives. The serial isotopic samples also support that Mae Moh herbivores probably lived in a low-seasonal climate during the late middle Miocene of northern Thailand.


Lagomeryx manaireconstruction by Namosaurus


Kantapon Suraprasit, Yaowalak Chaimanee, Herve Bocherens, Olivier Chavasseau & Jean-Jacques Jaeger. 2014. Systematics and Phylogeny of middle Miocene Cervidae (Mammalia) from Mae Moh Basin (Thailand) and a Paleoenvironmental Estimate using Enamel Isotopy of Sympatric Herbivore Species.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 34:1, 179-194. 

The Cervidae from the Middle Miocene of  Mae Moh (Thailand): Systematic, Phylogeny, and Paleoenvironments 

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