WO2023153160A1 - フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、硬化性樹脂組成物、硬化物、繊維強化複合材料、及び、繊維強化樹脂成形品 - Google Patents
フェノール樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、硬化性樹脂組成物、硬化物、繊維強化複合材料、及び、繊維強化樹脂成形品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023153160A1 WO2023153160A1 PCT/JP2023/001430 JP2023001430W WO2023153160A1 WO 2023153160 A1 WO2023153160 A1 WO 2023153160A1 JP 2023001430 W JP2023001430 W JP 2023001430W WO 2023153160 A1 WO2023153160 A1 WO 2023153160A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- phenol
- compound
- epoxy resin
- fiber
- Prior art date
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- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dihydroxy-benzene Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- -1 catechol compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012783 reinforcing fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical group C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 67
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 72
- 229960003742 phenol Drugs 0.000 description 53
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 43
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 33
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 33
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 31
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 27
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 19
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 13
- NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)=O NTIZESTWPVYFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl isobutyl ketone Natural products CCC(C)C(C)=O UIHCLUNTQKBZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- KXHPPCXNWTUNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KXHPPCXNWTUNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000005350 fused silica glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001644 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000000434 field desorption mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000012490 blank solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde Natural products O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 4
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dapsone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MQJKPEGWNLWLTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910002026 crystalline silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- SSUJUUNLZQVZMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4,8,9,10,10a-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]azepine Chemical compound C1CCC=CN2CCCNC21 SSUJUUNLZQVZMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1C FYGHSUNMUKGBRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BSYJHYLAMMJNRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)O BSYJHYLAMMJNRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC(C)=O FPZWZCWUIYYYBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 JWAZRIHNYRIHIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical compound [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000007973 cyanuric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
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- KGSFMPRFQVLGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-triphenylethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KGSFMPRFQVLGTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBODDOZXDKQEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-5-phenylbenzene Chemical group CC1=C(C)C(C)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1C WBODDOZXDKQEFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WMPGCOIUVFJFMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(6-oxobenzo[c][2,1]benzoxaphosphinin-6-yl)naphthalene-2,7-diol Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C2=CC=CC=C2P1(=O)C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC=C(O)C=C21 WMPGCOIUVFJFMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[4-[[4-(2,5-dioxopyrrol-1-yl)phenyl]methyl]phenyl]pyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C(C=C1)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N2C(C=CC2=O)=O)C=C1 XQUPVDVFXZDTLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHENQXAPVKABON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-1-ol Chemical compound CCC(O)OC LHENQXAPVKABON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10H-phenothiazine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 WJFKNYWRSNBZNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
- C07D303/48—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/02—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule
- C08G59/04—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof
- C08G59/06—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule of polyhydroxy compounds with epihalohydrins or precursors thereof of polyhydric phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G61/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G61/02—Macromolecular compounds containing only carbon atoms in the main chain of the macromolecule, e.g. polyxylylenes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
Definitions
- the present invention provides a phenolic resin having a specific structure, an epoxy resin obtained using the phenolic resin, a curable resin composition containing the epoxy resin, a cured product obtained from the curable resin composition, and a fiber-reinforced composite material. , and relates to a fiber-reinforced resin molded product.
- An epoxy resin is a curable resin that contains an epoxy group in its molecule and can be cured by forming a crosslinked network with the epoxy group.
- the curable resin composition containing the above epoxy resin as an essential component has excellent mechanical strength, heat resistance, water resistance, and insulating properties in the cured product, so it is used in a wide range of applications, such as fiber reinforced composite materials. It is widely used for matrices, heat dissipation materials, paints, semiconductors, printed wiring boards, etc.
- CFRP carbon fiber composite materials
- Epoxy resins currently mainly used for carbon fiber composite materials include diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (see, for example, Patent Document 1). These epoxy resins satisfy properties required for the use of carbon fiber composite materials at a certain level, such as elastic modulus, strength, heat resistance, and wet heat resistance.
- the cured product when an attempt is made to increase the elastic modulus of a cured product using the above epoxy resin, the cured product generally causes a decrease in strength and elongation (strain). It is difficult to satisfy other physical properties.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to use a phenolic resin having a specific structure, low water absorption, and high bending properties (flexural strength and bending elastic modulus) in order to obtain an epoxy resin with low viscosity and excellent handling properties. , bending strain, etc.), the curable resin composition containing the epoxy resin, the cured product obtained from the curable resin composition, the fiber reinforced composite material, and the fiber
- a phenolic resin having a specific structure, low water absorption, and high bending properties (flexural strength and bending elastic modulus) in order to obtain an epoxy resin with low viscosity and excellent handling properties. , bending strain, etc.
- the curable resin composition containing the epoxy resin the cured product obtained from the curable resin composition
- the fiber reinforced composite material the fiber reinforced composite material
- An object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced resin molded product.
- the present inventors have obtained a phenolic resin having a specific structure and obtained a curable resin composition containing an epoxy resin with low viscosity and excellent handling properties.
- the inventors have found that the cured product obtained by using this exhibits low water absorption and high bending properties, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention relates to a catechol compound, a phenol compound, and a reaction product with an ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound, the catechol skeleton derived from the catechol compound, the phenol skeleton derived from the phenol compound, and the ortho-xylylene skeleton.
- the present invention relates to a phenolic resin characterized by having an ortho-xylylene skeleton derived from a contained compound.
- the phenolic resin of the present invention is preferably represented by the following general formula (1).
- X is represented by the catechol compound of formula (2) or the phenol compound of formula (3), and R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or , an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, m is an integer of 0 to 3, n is an integer of 0 to 4 and p is an integer from 0 to 50. )
- the phenolic resin of the present invention preferably has a hydroxyl equivalent weight of 90 to 140 g/equivalent.
- the present invention relates to an epoxy resin characterized by being a reactant having a glycidyl ether group resulting from the reaction between the phenolic hydroxyl group of the phenolic resin and epihalohydrin.
- the epoxy resin of the present invention is preferably represented by the following general formula (4).
- Y is represented by formula (5) or formula (6)
- Z is represented by formula (7)
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, and has 1 to 4 carbon atoms. represented by a hydrocarbon group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 2 is represented by a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 3 is represented by a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- m is an integer of 0 to 3
- n is an integer of 0 to 4
- p is an integer of 0 to 50.
- the epoxy resin of the present invention preferably has an epoxy equivalent weight of 150 to 300 g/equivalent.
- the present invention relates to a curable resin composition characterized by containing the epoxy resin.
- the present invention relates to a cured product obtained by subjecting the curable resin composition to a curing reaction.
- the present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced composite material characterized by containing the curable resin composition and reinforcing fibers.
- the present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced resin molded product characterized by containing the cured product and reinforcing fibers.
- a cured product obtained using an epoxy resin obtained using a phenolic resin having a specific structure exhibits low water absorption and high bending properties (flexural strength, bending elastic modulus, bending strain, etc.). It can be expressed and is useful.
- the present invention relates to a catechol compound, a phenol compound, and a reaction product with an ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound, the catechol skeleton derived from the catechol compound, the phenol skeleton derived from the phenol compound, and the ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound. It relates to a phenolic resin characterized by having an ortho-xylylene skeleton derived from
- the phenol resin becomes polyfunctional, the crosslink density increases, and the cured product obtained has heat resistance and a high elastic modulus.
- the crosslink density is moderately lowered and the elongation is high compared to the catechol skeleton, resulting in high strength and low water absorption, which is preferable.
- the phenol resin includes an ortho-xylylene skeleton derived from the ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound, thereby forming a bent structure and narrowing the inter-molecular gaps, resulting in an epoxy resin using the obtained phenol resin.
- the cured product obtained by using can exhibit high elastic modulus and high strength (high elongation).
- the intermolecular interaction is moderately weakened, resulting in a phenol resin with low melt viscosity and excellent handleability, which is preferable.
- phenolic resin refers to a resin containing a compound containing at least a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- catechol skeleton refers to a skeleton obtained by removing one hydrogen atom constituting each hydroxyl group from “a skeleton having two hydroxyl groups at positions 1 and 2 of an aromatic ring”.
- phenol skeleton refers to a skeleton obtained by removing one hydrogen atom constituting the hydroxyl group from "a skeleton having one hydroxyl group as a substituent on an aromatic ring”.
- the "ortho-xylylene skeleton" has two methylene groups in an ortho-positional relationship as substituents on an aromatic ring that connects compounds containing at least a phenolic hydroxyl group contained in the phenolic resin. refers to the skeleton.
- the phenolic resin is characterized by being a reactant with a catechol compound, a phenolic compound, and an ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound.
- the catechol compound is a dihydroxybenzene having hydroxyl groups at the 1- and 2-positions, and the aromatic ring of the catechol compound may have only hydrogen atoms with no substituents, or the hydrogen atoms may be substituted with
- the group may be a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the substituent may be an alkyl group such as a methyl group or a tert-butyl group. .
- the phenol resin includes (introduces) a catechol skeleton, the distance between functional groups becomes short, and the gap between molecules becomes narrow, so that the resulting cured product has a high elastic modulus. It is also useful because the resulting cured product exhibits heat resistance because it is polyfunctional.
- the position and the number of substituents are not particularly limited, but a cured product having excellent mechanical strength and low water absorption (hydrophobicity) can be obtained. Therefore, in the case of catechol, it may have one methyl group or tert-butyl group at the 4-position, but in the case of a hydrogen atom having no substituent (catechol), the bending properties is most preferred.
- the catechol compound may be used alone, or may be used in combination with a plurality of compounds having different positions of alkyl groups such as methyl groups.
- the phenolic resin is characterized by being a reactant with a catechol compound, a phenolic compound, and an ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound.
- the phenolic compound is hydroxybenzene having one hydroxyl group, and in the case of only hydrogen atoms having no substituents on the aromatic ring of the phenolic compound, instead of the hydrogen atoms, a carbon atom is used as a substituent. It may have a hydrocarbon group of 1 to 4 or an alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the substituent may be an alkyl group such as a methyl group or a tert-butyl group.
- the phenol resin includes (introduces) a phenol skeleton, and the resulting cured product exhibits low water absorption, which is useful.
- the position and the number of substituents are not particularly limited, but a cured product having excellent low water absorption (hydrophobicity) can be obtained.
- a phenol compound it may have one methyl group, tert-butyl group, or ethyl group, but in the case of a hydrogen atom having no substituent (phenol), from the viewpoint of bending properties, Most preferred.
- the phenol compound may be used alone, or may be used in combination with a plurality of compounds having different positions of alkyl groups such as methyl groups.
- the phenolic resin is characterized by being a reactant with a catechol compound, a phenolic compound, and an ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound.
- a catechol compound a catechol compound
- a phenolic compound a phenolic compound
- an ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound By including (introducing) the ortho-xylylene skeleton derived from the ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound in the phenol resin, the intermolecular interaction is moderately weakened, resulting in a low melt viscosity and excellent handleability.
- phenolic resin which is preferable.
- the distance between the catechol compound and the phenol compound can be made closer by using the ortho-xylylene skeleton, and the mechanical strength ( It is preferable because a cured product excellent in high elastic modulus and high strength (high elongation) can be obtained.
- the phenol resin has the effect of narrowing the intramolecular voids by including (introducing) the catechol skeleton and the phenol skeleton, and the effect of narrowing the intramolecular voids by including (introducing) the ortho-xylylene skeleton. It is presumed that a combination of the narrowing effects can exhibit high bending properties.
- the phenolic resin obtained by using the catechol compound and the phenolic compound in combination has a molecular structure with small voids and a high elastic modulus compared to the case where the catechol compound and the phenolic compound are used alone. It has both low density and high elongation molecular structure, resulting in high strength and usefulness.
- ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound examples include ortho-xylylene dihalide, ortho-xylylene dialkoxide, ortho-xylylene glycol, and compounds in which one or more hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms are substituted on the aromatic ring thereof. is mentioned. Specific examples include ortho-xylylene dichloride, ortho-xylylene dibromide, ortho-xylylene dimethoxide, ortho-xylylene diethoxide, and ortho-xylylene glycol. Among them, ortho-xylylene dichloride and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of availability.
- the ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound may be used alone, or multiple compounds may be used in combination.
- the phenolic resin of the present invention is preferably represented by the following general formula (1).
- X is represented by the catechol compound of formula (2) or the phenol compound of formula (3), and R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or , an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, m is an integer of 0 to 3, n is an integer of 0 to 4 and p is an integer from 0 to 50. )
- the phenolic resin represented by the general formula (1) includes, for example, a catechol compound represented by the following general formula (2), a phenol compound represented by the following general formula (3), and the following general formula (8 ) (hereinafter exemplified by a halogenated (chlorinated) ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound) to obtain a phenol resin represented by the following general formula (1): Obtainable.
- the substituents R 1 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, or a butyl group. , t-butyl group and the like.
- the alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methoxy group, ethoxy group, propyloxy group and butoxy group. Among them, when R 1 is a hydrogen atom, the melt viscosity is low, the handleability is excellent, and the balance between bending properties and low water absorption is excellent, which is a preferred embodiment.
- m represents an integer of 0 to 3, and is preferably an integer of 0 to 2 from the viewpoint of the reactivity when used as a raw material and the bending properties of the cured product. be.
- each R 2 is independently preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and more preferably a hydrogen atom from the viewpoint of bending properties and low water absorption of the cured product.
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom or the like, it is preferable because the bending properties of the cured product are improved.
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom, the bending properties are improved, which is a preferred embodiment.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4, preferably an integer of 0 to 1 from the viewpoint of reactivity when used as a raw material and bending properties of the cured product.
- p represents an integer of 0 to 50, preferably an integer of 0 to 20 from the viewpoint of improving the bending properties of the cured product.
- the phenol resin includes a compound having both one catechol skeleton and one phenol skeleton.
- R 1 , R 2 , m and n in general formula (1) are the same as in general formulas (2) or (3) and (8).
- the reaction ratio of the ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound, the catechol compound, and the phenol compound provides an epoxy resin having an excellent balance of melt viscosity, bending properties, heat resistance, and low water absorption in the cured product.
- the total amount of the catechol compound and the phenol compound is preferably in the range of 2 to 50 mol, more preferably 4 to 20 mol, per 1 mol of the ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound.
- the reaction between the catechol compound and the phenol compound and the ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound is preferably carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst because the reaction proceeds efficiently.
- an acid catalyst include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid; organic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, paratoluenesulfonic acid, and oxalic acid; and Lewis acids such as boron trifluoride, anhydrous aluminum chloride, and zinc chloride. is mentioned.
- the amount of the acid catalyst used is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the reaction raw materials.
- the reaction between the catechol compound and the phenol compound and the ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound (here, when a chlorinated ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound is used) is usually carried out under temperature conditions of 50 to 180°C. However, at this time, it is desirable that the generated hydrogen chloride gas is quickly discharged out of the system and neutralized with alkaline water or the like to make it harmless.
- the reaction time is until substantially no hydrogen chloride gas is generated, the raw material ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound disappears, and the chlorine content derived from the ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound is no longer detected. Although it depends on the conditions, it is generally about 1 to 50 hours.
- the reaction may be carried out in an organic solvent, if necessary.
- the organic solvent used here is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic solvent that can be used under the above-mentioned temperature conditions. Specific examples include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and butyl cellosolve. , 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diglyme, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, toluene, xylene, methyl isobutyl ketone and the like. When these organic solvents are used, they are preferably used in an amount of 5 to 500% by mass with respect to the total mass of the reaction raw materials.
- the phenol resin After completion of the reaction between the catechol compound and the phenol compound and the ortho-xylylene skeleton-containing compound, the phenol resin can be obtained by distilling off unreacted reaction raw materials, solvents, and the like.
- the total content of the remaining (unreacted) catechol compound and the phenol compound calculated by GPC measurement is preferably 1 area% or less in GPC area%, and 0.8 area%. It is more preferably 0.4 area % or less, more preferably 0.4 area % or less.
- the GPC area % here means the GPC peak area value of the residual (unreacted) catechol compound or the residual (unreacted) phenol compound, which is the sum of the GPC peak area values of all components. point to each value obtained by dividing
- the hydroxyl equivalent weight of the phenol resin is preferably 90 to 140 g/equivalent, more preferably 92 to 138 g/equivalent, and even more preferably 94 to 136 g/equivalent.
- the resulting cured product has an excellent balance of heat resistance, moisture resistance (water absorption rate and bending properties after water absorption), and mechanical strength, which is preferable.
- the hydroxyl equivalent of the phenolic resin herein is based on the method for measuring the "hydroxyl equivalent of the phenolic resin" in the following examples.
- the melt viscosity (150° C.) of the phenol resin is preferably 4.0 dPa s or less, more preferably 3.0 dPa s or less, and 0.1 to 2.0 dPa s. More preferred.
- the melt viscosity of the phenol resin is within the above range, the viscosity is low and the fluidity and handling properties are excellent. Therefore, the epoxy resin synthesized using the phenol resin as a raw material has a low viscosity, and the handling properties when producing a cured product. It is preferable because it is also excellent.
- the melt viscosity (150°C) is measured with an ICI viscometer in accordance with ASTM D4287.
- the softening point of the phenol resin is preferably 50 to 100°C, more preferably 50 to 80°C. When the softening point of the phenol resin is within the above range, it is preferable because it is excellent in handleability and storage stability.
- the softening point here is measured based on JIS K7234 (ring and ball method).
- the epoxy resin of the present invention is a reactant having a glycidyl ether group resulting from the reaction between the phenolic hydroxyl group of the phenolic resin and epihalohydrin, and is preferably an epoxy resin represented by the following general formula (4).
- the "phenolic hydroxyl group” refers to a hydroxyl group contained in a catechol skeleton and a phenol skeleton.
- Y is represented by the general formula (5) or the general formula (6)
- Z is represented by the general formula (7)
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom , a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or methyl group
- m is an integer of 0 to 3
- n is an integer of 0 to 4
- p is an integer of 0 to 50.
- Z in the general formulas (5) and (6) is represented by the general formula (7)
- R 3 in the general formula (7) is each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. is preferably a hydrogen atom, more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- the hydrogen atom or the like facilitates the curing reaction with the curing agent, which is useful.
- the epoxy resin is an epoxy resin into which a glycidyl ether group is introduced by reacting a phenolic hydroxyl group in the phenol resin with epihalohydrin, and a cured product using the epoxy resin has heat resistance and low water absorption. It is preferable because it is excellent in flexibility and high bending properties (bending strength, bending elastic modulus, bending strain, etc.).
- the "epoxy resin” refers to a resin containing a compound containing at least the glycidyl ether group.
- the desired epoxy resin can be obtained by reacting the phenolic resin with the epihalohydrin.
- the reaction is performed, for example, with 2 to 10 moles of epihalohydrin per equivalent of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the phenolic resin.
- a method of reacting at a temperature of 20 to 120 ° C. for 0.5 to 12 hours while adding 0.9 to 2.0 mol of a basic catalyst all at once or dividedly with respect to 1 equivalent of phenolic hydroxyl groups. is mentioned.
- epihalohydrin used for charging When conducting industrial production, in the first batch of epoxy resin production, all of the epihalohydrin used for charging is new, but from the next batch onwards, epihalohydrin recovered from the crude reaction product and the amount consumed in the reaction It is preferable to use fresh epihalohydrin corresponding to the amount that disappears at the same time.
- the epihalohydrin used at this time is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include epichlorohydrin, epibromohydrin, ⁇ -methylepichlorohydrin and the like. Among them, epichlorohydrin is preferred because of its easy industrial availability.
- the basic catalyst include alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates and alkali metal hydroxides.
- alkali metal hydroxides are preferable because of their excellent catalytic activity, and specifically, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and the like are preferable.
- the reaction mixture is washed with water, and then unreacted epihalohydrin and organic solvent are removed by distillation under heating and reduced pressure.
- the obtained epoxy resin is dissolved again in an organic solvent, and an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is added for further reaction. can also be done.
- a phase transfer catalyst such as a quaternary ammonium salt or crown ether may be present for the purpose of improving the reaction rate.
- the amount used is preferably 0.1 to 3.0 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the epoxy resin.
- the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin is preferably 150-300 g/equivalent, more preferably 160-280 g/equivalent, and even more preferably 180-250 g/equivalent.
- the epoxy equivalent of the epoxy resin is within the above range, the crosslink density of the cured product becomes appropriate, and the obtained cured product has an excellent balance of heat resistance, low water absorption, and bending properties, which is preferable.
- the epoxy equivalent here is measured based on JIS K7236.
- the melt viscosity (150°C) of the epoxy resin is preferably 2.0 dPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 1.5 dPa ⁇ s or less, and even more preferably 1.0 dPa ⁇ s or less.
- the melt viscosity (150°C) here is measured with an ICI viscometer in accordance with ASTM D4287.
- the present invention relates to a curable resin composition containing the epoxy resin.
- the curable resin composition has low viscosity and excellent handling properties, and the obtained cured product has heat resistance, low water absorption, and high bending properties (flexural strength and bending elastic modulus etc.), which is useful.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention further contains other resins (including other epoxy resins), curing agents, additives, solvents, etc., to the extent that the effects of the present invention are not impaired. You can stay.
- epoxy resins As the other epoxy resins, various epoxy resins can be used. Polyglycidyl ether of ⁇ -naphthol co-condensation type novolak, naphthol aralkyl type epoxy resin, naphthalene skeleton-containing epoxy resin such as 1,1-bis(2,7-diglycidyloxy-1-naphthyl)alkane; bisphenol A type epoxy resin , bisphenol type epoxy resins such as bisphenol F type epoxy resins; biphenyl type epoxy resins such as biphenyl type epoxy resins and tetramethylbiphenyl type epoxy resins; phenol novolak type epoxy resins, cresol novolak type epoxy resins, bisphenol A novolak type epoxy resins, Novolac type epoxy resins such as biphenyl novolac type epoxy resins; tetraphenylethane type epoxy resins; dicyclopentadiene-phenol addition reaction type epoxy resins; phenol aralkyl
- Epoxy resins obtained by modification with phenolic resins obtained by Each of these may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention may contain other resins in addition to the epoxy resin and other epoxy resins.
- another resin means resins other than an epoxy resin.
- the other resins are not particularly limited, but active esters, maleimide resins, bismaleimide resins, polymaleimide resins, polyphenylene ether resins, polyimide resins, cyanate ester resins, benzoxazine resins, triazine-containing cresol novolac resins, Examples include cyanate ester resins, styrene-maleic anhydride resins, allyl group-containing resins such as diallyl bisphenol and triallyl isocyanurate, polyphosphate esters, and phosphate-carbonate copolymers. These other resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the epoxy resin composition of the present invention can contain a curing agent together with the epoxy resin. By containing the curing agent, it is possible to obtain a cured product having excellent heat resistance, low water absorption, and bending properties.
- the curing agents used here include amine compounds, amide compounds, acid anhydrides, phenolic resins, etc. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the phenol resin represented by the general formula (1) can also be used as the phenol resin as the curing agent.
- amine compounds examples include diaminodiphenylmethane, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, diaminodiphenylsulfone, isophoronediamine, imidazole, BF 3 -amine complexes, guanidine derivatives and the like.
- amide-based compound examples include dicyandiamide, aliphatic dibasic acid, dimer acid, and polyamide resins synthesized from carboxylic acid compounds of fatty acids and amines such as ethylenediamine.
- acid anhydride examples include phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylnadic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride.
- hydrophthalic anhydride and the like examples include phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, methylnadic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride, and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride.
- hydrophthalic anhydride and the like examples include phthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, maleic anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic anhydride,
- phenol resin examples include phenol novolak resin, cresol novolak resin, aromatic hydrocarbon formaldehyde resin-modified phenol resin, dicyclopentadiene phenol addition type resin, phenol aralkyl resin (Zyloc resin), and resorcinol novolak resin.
- polyhydric phenol novolac resins synthesized from hydroxy compounds and formaldehyde, naphthol aralkyl resins, trimethylolmethane resins, tetraphenylol ethane resins, naphthol novolac resins, naphthol-phenol co-condensed novolak resins, naphthol-cresol co-condensed novolak resins, Biphenyl-modified phenol resin (polyhydric phenol compound in which the phenol nucleus is linked to the biphenyl skeleton via bismethylene groups), biphenyl-modified naphthol resin (polyhydric naphthol compound in which the phenol nucleus is linked to the biphenyl skeleton via bismethylene groups), aminotriazine-modified phenol Polyphenol compounds such as resins (polyhydric phenol compounds in which phenol nuclei are linked with melamine, benzoguanamine, etc.) and alkoxy group-containing aromatic
- Each of these curing agents may be used alone, or two or more of them may be used in combination.
- the blending ratio of the epoxy resin component and the curing agent is excellent in curability, heat resistance, low water absorption, and excellent toughness.
- the amount of active groups in the curing agent is preferably 0.7 to 1.5 equivalents with respect to 1 equivalent of the total epoxy groups (epoxy equivalent).
- the additive examples include curing accelerators, flame retardants, inorganic fillers, silane coupling agents, release agents, pigments, emulsifiers, various additives such as solvents, and if necessary, the curable It can be contained in the resin composition.
- curing accelerator examples include phosphorus compounds, tertiary amines, imidazoles, organic acid metal salts, Lewis acids, and amine complex salts. Among them, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole for imidazole compounds, triphenylphosphine for phosphorus compounds, and 1 ,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undecene (DBU) is preferred.
- the flame retardant is, for example, red phosphorus, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, triammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphate such as ammonium polyphosphate, inorganic phosphorus compounds such as phosphoric acid amide; compound, phosphinic acid compound, phosphine oxide compound, phosphorane compound, organic nitrogen-containing phosphorus compound, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl )-10H-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, 10-(2,7-dihydroxynaphthyl)-10H-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and other cyclic organic phosphorus organic phosphorus compounds such as compounds and derivatives obtained by reacting them with compounds such as epoxy resins and phenolic resins; triazine compounds, cyanuric acid
- the inorganic filler is added, for example, when the curable resin composition of the present invention is used as a semiconductor sealing material.
- the inorganic filler include fused silica, crystalline silica, alumina, silicon nitride, and aluminum hydroxide.
- the fused silica is preferable because it allows a larger amount of inorganic filler to be blended.
- the fused silica may be crushed or spherical, but in order to increase the blending amount of fused silica and suppress the increase in melt viscosity of the curable resin composition, spherical fused silica is mainly used.
- the filling rate is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 95 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the curable resin composition.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention may be prepared without solvent or may contain a solvent.
- the solvent has a function of adjusting the viscosity of the curable resin composition.
- Specific examples of the solvent include, but are not limited to, ketone solvents such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone; ether solvents such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran; ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, cellosolve acetate, and propylene glycol monomethyl.
- ester solvents such as ether acetate and carbitol acetate; carbitols such as cellosolve and butyl carbitol; toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, mesitylene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene
- ester solvents such as ether acetate and carbitol acetate; carbitols such as cellosolve and butyl carbitol; toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, mesitylene, 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as aromatic hydrocarbons, amide solvents such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and N-methylpyrrolidone. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a conductive filler such as silver powder or copper powder can be used.
- the present invention relates to a cured product obtained by subjecting the curable resin composition to a curing reaction. Since the cured product is obtained from the curable resin composition containing the epoxy resin, it exhibits heat resistance, low water absorption, and high bending properties (flexural strength, bending elastic modulus, bending strain, etc.). possible and preferable.
- the curable resin composition is obtained by uniformly mixing the components described above.
- An epoxy resin component, a curing agent, and, if necessary, a curing accelerator, etc. are blended, and using this, a cured product can be easily obtained by the same method as a conventionally known method.
- the resulting cured product includes molded cured products such as laminates, cast products, adhesive layers, coating films, and films.
- the heating temperature during heat curing is not particularly limited, but is 100 to 300 ° C., and the heating time is 1 to 300 ° C. 24 hours is preferred.
- curable resin composition ⁇ Application of curable resin composition> Applications for which the curable resin composition is used include printed wiring board materials, resin compositions for flexible wiring boards, interlayer insulating materials for build-up boards, insulating materials for circuit boards such as build-up adhesive films, resin injection Mold materials, adhesives, semiconductor encapsulation materials, semiconductor devices, prepregs, conductive pastes, build-up films, build-up substrates, fiber-reinforced composite materials, molded products obtained by curing the above composite materials (fiber-reinforced resin molded products), etc. is mentioned.
- the curable resin composition of the present invention can be used as a semiconductor encapsulating material, a semiconductor device, and a prepreg by taking advantage of the properties that the cured product has excellent heat resistance, low water absorption, and a high elastic modulus.
- Semiconductor encapsulating material As a method for obtaining a semiconductor encapsulating material from the curable resin composition, the curable resin composition, a curing accelerator, and compounding agents such as inorganic fillers are extruded as necessary, A method of sufficiently melting and mixing using a kneader, rolls, or the like until the mixture becomes uniform can be mentioned. At that time, fused silica is usually used as the inorganic filler, but when it is used as a high thermal conductive semiconductor encapsulant for power transistors and power ICs, crystalline silica, alumina, and nitride, which have higher thermal conductivity than fused silica, are used.
- High filling of silicon or the like, or fused silica, crystalline silica, alumina, silicon nitride, or the like may be used.
- the filling rate is preferably in the range of 30 to 95 parts by weight of the inorganic filler per 100 parts by weight of the curable resin composition. is more preferably 70 parts by mass or more, more preferably 80 parts by mass or more, in order to reduce the
- the above semiconductor encapsulation material is molded using a casting mold, a transfer molding machine, an injection molding machine, or the like, and the temperature is 2 to 10°C at 50 to 200°C. A method of heating for a period of time is included.
- a curable resin composition obtained by blending the following organic solvent to form a varnish is applied to a reinforcing substrate (paper, glass cloth, glass nonwoven fabric, aramid paper, aramid cloth, glass mat, glass roving cloth, etc.) and then heating at a heating temperature according to the type of solvent used, preferably at 50 to 170°C.
- the mass ratio of the resin composition and the reinforcing substrate used at this time is not particularly limited, but it is usually preferable to adjust the resin content in the prepreg to 20 to 60% by mass.
- organic solvent used here examples include methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, dimethylformamide, methyl isobutyl ketone, methoxypropanol, cyclohexanone, methyl cellosolve, ethyl diglycol acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and the like.
- a polar solvent having a boiling point of 160° C. or less such as methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, or dimethylformamide.
- the non-volatile content is preferably 40 to 80% by mass.
- Circuit board As a method for obtaining a printed circuit board from the curable resin composition, the prepreg is laminated by a conventional method, copper foil is appropriately laminated, and the pressure is applied at 1 to 10 MPa at 170 to 300 ° C. for 10 minutes to 10 minutes. A method of heat-pressing for 3 hours can be mentioned.
- the first step is a step of applying a curable resin composition containing an active ester, an epoxy resin, and an organic solvent to an electrically insulating film using a coating machine such as a reverse roll coater or a comma coater.
- a coating machine such as a reverse roll coater or a comma coater.
- the electrically insulating film coated with the curable resin composition is heated at 60 to 170° C. for 1 to 15 minutes using a heater to volatilize the solvent from the electrically insulating film and cure.
- the curable resin composition is B-staged to the electrically insulating film, using a heating roll or the like, a metal foil is applied to the adhesive. are thermally compressed (preferably at a compression pressure of 2 to 200 N/cm and a compression temperature of 40 to 200° C.). If sufficient adhesion performance is obtained by going through the above three steps, it may be finished here, but if complete adhesion performance is required, conditions of 100 to 200 ° C. for 1 to 24 hours are required. is preferably post-cured with.
- the thickness of the curable resin composition film after final curing is preferably in the range of 5 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the first step is a step of applying the above-mentioned curable resin composition appropriately blended with rubber, filler, etc. to a circuit board having a circuit formed thereon by using a spray coating method, a curtain coating method, or the like, and then curing the composition.
- the second step after that, after drilling a predetermined through-hole portion etc. as necessary, it is treated with a roughening agent, and the surface is washed with hot water to form unevenness, and a metal such as copper is formed.
- the third step is a step of repeating such operations as desired to alternately build up resin insulating layers and conductor layers of a predetermined circuit pattern. It should be noted that it is preferable to form the through-hole portion after forming the outermost resin insulating layer.
- the first step can also be carried out by laminating a build-up film that has been previously coated to a desired thickness and dried, in addition to the solution application method described above.
- the build-up board of the present invention is obtained by heat-pressing a resin-coated copper foil obtained by semi-curing the resin composition on a copper foil onto a wiring board on which a circuit is formed at 170 to 250 ° C. It is also possible to manufacture a build-up substrate by omitting the steps of forming a hardened surface and plating.
- the curable resin composition is applied on a support film to form a curable resin composition layer for a multilayer printed wiring board A method of manufacturing by using an adhesive film of.
- the film softens under the lamination temperature conditions (usually 70 to 140° C.) in the vacuum lamination method, and simultaneously with the lamination of the circuit board, via holes present in the circuit board Alternatively, it is essential to exhibit fluidity (resin flow) that enables resin filling in the through-holes, and it is preferable to blend the above components so as to exhibit such properties.
- the diameter of the through-hole of the multilayer printed wiring board is usually 0.1 to 0.5 mm and the depth is usually 0.1 to 1.2 mm, and it is usually preferable to allow resin filling within this range. .
- the method for producing the above-described adhesive film includes preparing the varnish-like curable resin composition, applying the varnish-like composition to the surface of the support film (Y), and further heating.
- it can be produced by drying the organic solvent by blowing hot air or the like to form the composition layer (X) composed of the curable resin composition.
- the thickness of the composition layer (X) to be formed is usually preferably equal to or greater than the thickness of the conductor layer. Since the thickness of the conductor layer of the circuit board is usually in the range of 5 to 70 ⁇ m, the thickness of the resin composition layer is preferably 10 to 100 ⁇ m.
- composition layer (X) in the present invention may be protected with a protective film to be described later.
- a protective film By protecting the surface of the resin composition layer with a protective film, it is possible to prevent the surface of the resin composition layer from being dusted or scratched.
- the support film and protective film described above are polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinyl chloride; Paper patterns and metal foils such as copper foils and aluminum foils can be used.
- the support film and protective film may be subjected to release treatment in addition to mud treatment and corona treatment.
- the thickness of the support film is not particularly limited, it is usually 10 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably 25 to 50 ⁇ m. Also, the thickness of the protective film is preferably 1 to 40 ⁇ m.
- the support film (Y) described above is peeled off after lamination on the circuit board or after formation of an insulating layer by heat curing. If the support film (Y) is peeled off after the adhesive film is cured by heating, it is possible to prevent the adhesion of dust and the like during the curing process. When peeling after curing, the support film is normally subjected to a release treatment in advance.
- Multilayer Printed Wiring Board A multilayer printed wiring board can also be produced using the film obtained as described above.
- the composition layer (X) is protected by a protective film, after peeling off these, the composition layer (X) is directly applied to the circuit board. on one side or both sides of the film, for example, by a vacuum lamination method.
- the method of lamination may be a batch type or a continuous roll type.
- the adhesive film and the circuit board may be heated (preheated) if necessary before lamination.
- the lamination conditions are such that the pressure bonding temperature (laminating temperature) is preferably 70 to 140° C. and the pressure bonding pressure is preferably 1 to 11 kgf/cm 2 (9.8 ⁇ 10 4 to 107.9 ⁇ 10 4 N/m 2 ). It is preferable to laminate under a reduced pressure of 20 mmHg (26.7 hPa) or less.
- the present invention relates to a fiber-reinforced composite material containing the curable resin composition and reinforcing fibers.
- a method for producing a fiber-reinforced composite material from the curable resin composition each component constituting the curable resin composition is uniformly mixed to prepare a varnish, which is then applied to a reinforcing base material made of reinforcing fibers. It can be produced by polymerizing after impregnation.
- the epoxy resin of the present invention has a low melt viscosity and is excellent in handleability, so it is suitable for the production of the fiber-reinforced composite material and is preferable.
- the curing temperature at the time of carrying out such a polymerization reaction is preferably in the temperature range of 50 to 250°C. , preferably 120 to 200°C.
- the reinforcing fibers may be twisted yarns, untwisted yarns, or non-twisted yarns, but untwisted yarns and non-twisted yarns are preferable because they achieve both moldability and mechanical strength of the fiber-reinforced plastic member.
- the form of the reinforcing fibers those in which the fiber direction is aligned in one direction or a woven fabric can be used.
- the woven fabric can be freely selected from plain weave, satin weave, etc., depending on the site and application. Specifically, carbon fiber, glass fiber, aramid fiber, boron fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, and the like, which are excellent in mechanical strength and durability, can be used, and two or more of these can be used in combination.
- carbon fiber is particularly preferable because the strength of the molded article is excellent, and various types of carbon fiber such as polyacrylonitrile, pitch, and rayon can be used. Among them, a polyacrylonitrile-based one is preferable because a high-strength carbon fiber can be easily obtained.
- the amount of reinforcing fibers used when impregnating a reinforcing base material made of reinforcing fibers with varnish to form a fiber-reinforced composite material is such that the volume content of the reinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced composite material is 40 to 85%. A range of amounts is preferred.
- the present invention relates to a fiber reinforced resin molded product characterized by containing the cured product and reinforcing fibers.
- Methods for producing a fiber-reinforced resin molded product from the curable resin composition include a hand lay-up method and a spray-up method in which a fiber aggregate is laid in a mold and the above-mentioned varnish is laminated in multiple layers, and male and female molds are used. Using either one, impregnating a base material made of reinforcing fibers with varnish, stacking and molding, covering with a flexible mold that can apply pressure to the molded product, airtightly sealing the product, and vacuum molding (reduced pressure).
- the varnish is applied to the reinforcing fibers by the bag method, the SMC press method in which a sheet of varnish containing reinforcing fibers is made into a sheet in advance, and then compression-molded with a mold, and the RTM method in which the above varnish is injected into a mating mold in which fibers are spread.
- a method of manufacturing an impregnated prepreg and baking it in a large-sized autoclave can be used.
- the epoxy resin of the present invention has a low melt viscosity and is excellent in handleability, and is therefore suitable for production of the fiber-reinforced resin molded product, which is preferable.
- the fiber-reinforced resin molded article obtained above is a molded article having reinforcing fibers and a cured product of the curable resin composition.
- the amount of reinforcing fibers in the fiber-reinforced resin molded article is , preferably in the range of 40 to 70% by mass, and particularly preferably in the range of 50 to 70% by mass from the viewpoint of strength.
- the present invention will be specifically described below by way of examples and comparative examples, but it should not be construed as being limited to these. In the following, unless otherwise specified, it is based on mass.
- the phenolic resins and epoxy resins obtained below and the cured products obtained using the epoxy resins were measured and evaluated under the following conditions.
- ⁇ Hydroxyl equivalent of phenolic resin The hydroxyl group equivalent (g/equivalent) of the phenolic resin was measured according to the procedure and formula shown below. In a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask, 2.5 g of the phenol resin obtained below was used as a sample, and 2.5 g of this, 7.5 g of triphenylphosphine, 7.5 g of pyridine, and 2.5 g of acetic anhydride were accurately weighed and heated at 120° C. to 2.5 g. After treating for 5 hours, 5 mL of distilled water was added to stop the reaction.
- a sample solution was prepared by dissolving in 150 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 200 mL of propylene glycol monomethyl ether. Separately from the sample solution, 10 mL of distilled water and 2.5 g of acetic anhydride are accurately weighed, 10 g of pyridine is added, stirred for 10 minutes, allowed to stand for 20 minutes, and then mixed with 150 mL of tetrahydrofuran and 200 mL of propylene glycol monomethyl ether. A blank solution was prepared by doing so.
- the resulting sample solution and blank solution are titrated using a potentiometric automatic titrator AT-510 (manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Industry Co., Ltd.) with a 0.5 mol/L ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution (titrant). After performing, the hydroxyl equivalent was calculated using the following formula.
- Hydroxyl equivalent (g / equivalent) S ⁇ 1000 / [ ⁇ (BL ⁇ FA3 / FA5) - EP1 ⁇ ⁇ FA4]
- EP1 sample titration volume (mL)
- the softening point (°C) was measured according to JIS K 7234 (ring and ball method).
- Viscosity (mPa ⁇ s) at 25° C. was measured using an E-type viscometer (TV-22 manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.).
- GPC measurement was performed on the phenolic resin obtained by the synthesis method described below and the epoxy resin obtained using the phenolic resin using the following measuring apparatus and measuring conditions.
- Measuring device "HLC-8320 GPC” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, Column: Guard column “HXL-L” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation + “TSK-GEL G2000HXL” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation + “TSK-GEL G2000HXL” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation + “TSK-GEL G3000HXL” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation + “TSK-GEL G4000HXL” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation Detector: RI (differential refractometer) Data processing: "GPC Workstation EcoSEC-Work” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation Station” Measurement conditions: Column temperature 40°C Developing solvent: Tetrahydrofuran Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min Standard: The following monodisperse polystyrene
- the content ratio (area %) of the residual (unreacted) catechol compound and the (unreacted) phenolic compound in the phenol resin is determined from the viewpoint of reducing volatile matter during curing.
- the total content of catechol compounds (residual catechol) and residual phenol compounds (residual phenol) is preferably 1 area% or less, more preferably 0.8 area% or less, and 0.4 area. % or less is more preferable.
- FD-MS spectrum measurement> FD-MS spectra were measured using the following measurement equipment and measurement conditions.
- Measuring device: JEOL JMS-T100GC AccuTOF Measurement conditions Measurement range: m / z 4.00 to 2000.00 Rate of change: 51.2mA/min Final current value: 45mA
- the obtained epoxy resin (A-1) had an epoxy equivalent weight of 193 g/equivalent and a melt viscosity at 150° C. of 0.4 dPa ⁇ s. Also, a GPC chart is shown in FIG.
- the obtained epoxy resin (A-3) had an epoxy equivalent weight of 212 g/equivalent and a melt viscosity at 150° C. of 0.4 dPa ⁇ s. Also, a GPC chart is shown in FIG.
- the obtained epoxy resin (A-4) had an epoxy equivalent weight of 225 g/equivalent and a melt viscosity at 150° C. of 0.3 dPa ⁇ s. Also, a GPC chart is shown in FIG.
- the obtained epoxy resin (A-5) had an epoxy equivalent weight of 232 g/equivalent and a melt viscosity at 150° C. of 0.2 dPa ⁇ s. Also, a GPC chart is shown in FIG.
- the obtained epoxy resin (A-6) had an epoxy equivalent weight of 203 g/equivalent and a melt viscosity at 150° C. of 0.7 dPa ⁇ s. Also, a GPC chart is shown in FIG.
- the obtained epoxy resin (A-7) had an epoxy equivalent weight of 222 g/equivalent and a melt viscosity at 150° C. of 0.7 dPa ⁇ s. Also, a GPC chart is shown in FIG.
- the obtained epoxy resin (B-1) had an epoxy equivalent weight of 164 g/equivalent and a melt viscosity at 150° C. of 0.4 dPa ⁇ s. Also, a GPC chart is shown in FIG.
- the obtained epoxy resin (B-2) had an epoxy equivalent weight of 217 g/equivalent and a viscosity at 25° C. of 304,000 mPa ⁇ s. Also, a GPC chart is shown in FIG.
- Examples 15 to 21, Comparative Examples 7 to 10 The epoxy resins of Examples 8 to 14 and Comparative Examples 3 to 6 and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone (4,4'-DDS) as a curing agent were mixed so that the epoxy equivalent/active hydrogen equivalent was 1/1. and melt-mixed at 100 to 120° C. to obtain an epoxy resin composition. Further, the epoxy resin composition was poured between glass plates sandwiching a 4 mm spacer, and cured at 150° C. for 1 hour and then at 180° C. for 3 hours to prepare a cured product.
- 4,4'-DDS 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone
- the bending elastic modulus is preferably 3000 MPa or higher, more preferably 3200 MPa or higher, and still more preferably 3400 MPa or higher.
- the bending strength is preferably 130 MPa or higher, more preferably 140 MPa or higher, and still more preferably 150 MPa or higher.
- the bending strain is preferably 4.0% or more, more preferably 4.5% or more, and even more preferably 5% or more.
- the water absorption rate is preferably 3% or less, more preferably 2.5% or less, and still more preferably 2% or less.
- the desired phenol resins (a-1) to (a-7) have low melt viscosities and excellent handling properties.
- the resulting epoxy resins (A-1) to (A-7) (Examples 8 to 14) also have low melt viscosities and excellent handling properties.
- a cured product having high bending properties could be obtained (Examples 15 to 21).
- none of the comparative examples satisfies the desired range in terms of all bending properties, and in particular, the bending strength after water absorption is inferior to the examples in all the comparative examples. Met.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of a phenolic resin (a-1) obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of a phenolic resin (a-2) obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of a phenolic resin (a-3) obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of a phenolic resin (a-4) obtained in Example 4.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of a phenolic resin (a-5) obtained in Example 5.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of a phenolic resin (a-6) obtained in Example 6.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of a phenolic resin (a-7) obtained in Example 7.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of epoxy resin (A-1) obtained in Example 8.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of epoxy resin (A-1) obtained in Example 8.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of epoxy resin (A-2) obtained in Example 9.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of epoxy resin (A-3) obtained in Example 10.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of epoxy resin (A-4) obtained in Example 11.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of epoxy resin (A-5) obtained in Example 12.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of epoxy resin (A-6) obtained in Example 13.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of epoxy resin (A-7) obtained in Example 14.
- FIG. 1 is an FD-MS spectrum chart of the phenolic resin (a-1) obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is an FD-MS spectrum chart of epoxy resin (A-1) obtained in Example 8.
- FIG. 1 is a 13 C-NMR chart of the phenolic resin (a-1) obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 13 is a 13 C-NMR chart of epoxy resin (A-1) obtained in Example 8.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of a phenol resin (b-1) obtained in Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of a phenolic resin (b-2) obtained in Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of epoxy resin (B-1) obtained in Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is a GPC chart of the epoxy resin fat (B-2) obtained in Comparative Example 4.
- FIG. 1 is a GPC chart of a phenol resin (b-1) obtained in Comparative Example 1.
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Abstract
Description
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本発明は、カテコール化合物、フェノール化合物、及び、オルソキシリレン骨格含有化合物との反応物であり、前記カテコール化合物由来のカテコール骨格、前記フェノール化合物由来のフェノール骨格、及び、前記オルソキシリレン骨格含有化合物由来のオルソキシリレン骨格を有することを特徴とするフェノール樹脂に関する。
前記「カテコール骨格」とは、「芳香環の1位と2位とに水酸基を2個有する骨格」から、前記水酸基を構成する水素原子を1つずつ除いた骨格を指す。
前記「フェノール骨格」とは、「芳香環に置換基として水酸基を1個有する骨格」から、前記水酸基を構成する水素原子を1つ除いた骨格を指す。
また、前記「オルソキシリレン骨格」とは、前記フェノール樹脂に含まれるフェノール性水酸基を少なくとも含有する化合物同士を連結する、芳香環に置換基として2個のメチレン基をオルソ位の位置関係に有する骨格を指す。
前記フェノール樹脂は、カテコール化合物、フェノール化合物、及び、オルソキシリレン骨格含有化合物との反応物であることを特徴とする。前記カテコール化合物とは、1位と2位とに水酸基を有するジヒドロキシベンゼンであり、前記カテコール化合物の芳香環上に置換基を有さない水素原子のみの場合や、前記水素原子の代わりに、置換基として、炭素原子数1~4の炭化水素基、または、炭素原子数1~4のアルコキシ基を有し、前記置換基がメチル基やtert-ブチル基などのアルキル基などであってもよい。前記カテコール化合物を使用することにより、前記フェノール樹脂はカテコール骨格を包含(導入)することになり、官能基間距離が短く、分子間の空隙が狭くなるため、得られる硬化物が高弾性率を示すと推定され、かつ、多官能となるため、得られる硬化物が耐熱性を示すため、有用である。
前記フェノール樹脂は、カテコール化合物、フェノール化合物、及び、オルソキシリレン骨格含有化合物との反応物であることを特徴とする。前記フェノール化合物とは、水酸基を1個有するヒドロキシベンゼンであり、前記フェノール化合物の芳香環上に置換基を有さない水素原子のみの場合や、前記水素原子の代わりに、置換基として、炭素原子数1~4の炭化水素基、または、炭素原子数1~4のアルコキシ基を有し、前記置換基がメチル基やtert-ブチル基などのアルキル基などであってもよい。前記フェノール化合物を使用することにより、前記フェノール樹脂はフェノール骨格を包含(導入)することになり、得られる硬化物が低吸水性を示すため、有用である。
前記フェノール樹脂は、カテコール化合物、フェノール化合物、及び、オルソキシリレン骨格含有化合物との反応物であることを特徴とする。前記フェノール樹脂中に、前記オルソキシリレン骨格含有化合物に由来するオルソキシリレン骨格を包含(導入)することにより、分子間相互作用が適度に弱まることになり、低溶融粘度で、ハンドリング性に優れたフェノール樹脂となり、好ましい。また、前記オルソキシリレン骨格を用いることで、前記カテコール化合物や前記フェノール化合物の距離が近接化し得ると考えられ、得られるフェノール樹脂の複数の官能基間の距離が近くなることで、機械強度(高弾性率化、高強度(高伸び))に優れた硬化物を得ることができ、好ましい。
)
本発明のエポキシ樹脂は、前記フェノール樹脂のフェノール性水酸基と、エピハロヒドリンとの反応によるグリシジルエーテル基を有する反応物であり、下記一般式(4)により表されるエポキシ樹脂であることが好ましい。ここで、前記「フェノール性水酸基」とは、カテコール骨格、及び、フェノール骨格に含まれる水酸基を指す。
なお、前記「エポキシ樹脂」とは、前記グリシジルエーテル基を少なくとも含有する化合物を含む樹脂を指す。
本発明は、前記エポキシ樹脂を含有することを特徴とする硬化性樹脂組成物に関する。前記硬化性樹脂組成物は、前記エポキシ樹脂を含有することにより、低粘度でハンドリング性に優れ、得られる硬化物は、耐熱性、低吸水性、及び、高曲げ特性(曲げ強度や曲げ弾性率など)となり、有用である。
前記その他のエポキシ樹脂としては、種々のエポキシ樹脂を用いることができるが、例えば、2,7-ジグリシジルオキシナフタレン、α-ナフトールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、β-ナフトールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、α-ナフトール/β-ナフトール共縮合型ノボラックのポリグリシジルエーテル、ナフトールアラルキル型エポキシ樹脂、1,1-ビス(2,7-ジグリシジルオキシ-1-ナフチル)アルカン等のナフタレン骨格含有エポキシ樹脂;ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールF型エポキシ樹脂等のビスフェノール型エポキシ樹脂;ビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂、テトラメチルビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂等のビフェニル型エポキシ樹脂;フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールAノボラック型エポキシ樹脂、ビフェニルノボラック型エポキシ樹脂等のノボラック型エポキシ樹脂;テトラフェニルエタン型エポキシ樹脂;ジシクロペンタジエン-フェノール付加反応型エポキシ樹脂;フェノールアラルキル型エポキシ樹脂;リン原子含有エポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。前記リン原子含有エポキシ樹脂は、9,10-ジヒドロ-9-オキサ-10-ホスファフェナントレン-10-オキサイド(以下、「HCA」と略記する。)のエポキシ化物、HCAとキノン類とを反応させて得られるフェノール樹脂のエポキシ化物、フェノールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂をHCAで変性したエポキシ樹脂、クレゾールノボラック型エポキシ樹脂をHCAで変性したエポキシ樹脂、ビスフェノールA型エポキシ樹脂を及びHCAとキノン類とを反応させて得られるフェノール樹脂で変成して得られるエポキシ樹脂等が挙げられる。これらはそれぞれ単独で用いても良いし、2種類以上を併用しても良い。
本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、前記エポキシ樹脂や、前記その他のエポキシ樹脂に加えて、他の樹脂を含んでいてもよい。なお、本明細書において、「他の樹脂」とは、エポキシ樹脂以外の樹脂を意味する。
本発明のエポキシ樹脂組成物は、前記エポキシ樹脂と共に、硬化剤を含有することができる。前記硬化剤を含むことにより、耐熱性や低吸水性、曲げ特性に優れた硬化物を得ることができる。
前記硬化促進剤は、例えば、リン系化合物、第3級アミン、イミダゾール、有機酸金属塩、ルイス酸、アミン錯塩等が挙げられる。中でも、硬化性、耐熱性や低吸水性、電気特性、耐湿信頼性等に優れる点から、イミダゾール化合物では2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール、リン系化合物ではトリフェニルホスフィン、第3級アミンでは1,8-ジアザビシクロ-[5.4.0]-ウンデセン(DBU)が好ましい。
前記難燃剤は、例えば、赤リン、リン酸一アンモニウム、リン酸二アンモニウム、リン酸三アンモニウム、ポリリン酸アンモニウム等のリン酸アンモニウム、リン酸アミド等の無機リン化合物;リン酸エステル化合物、ホスホン酸化合物、ホスフィン酸化合物、ホスフィンオキシド化合物、ホスホラン化合物、有機系含窒素リン化合物、9,10-ジヒドロ-9-オキサ-10-ホスファフェナントレン-10-オキシド、10-(2,5-ジヒドロオキシフェニル)-10H-9-オキサ-10-ホスファフェナントレン-10-オキシド、10-(2,7-ジヒドロオキシナフチル)-10H-9-オキサ-10-ホスファフェナントレン-10-オキシド等の環状有機リン化合物、及びそれをエポキシ樹脂やフェノール樹脂等の化合物と反応させた誘導体等の有機リン化合物;トリアジン化合物、シアヌル酸化合物、イソシアヌル酸化合物、フェノチアジン等の窒素系難燃剤;シリコーンオイル、シリコーンゴム、シリコーン樹脂等のシリコーン系難燃剤;金属水酸化物、金属酸化物、金属炭酸塩化合物、金属粉、ホウ素化合物、低融点ガラス等の無機難燃剤等が挙げられる。これら難燃剤を用いる場合は、硬化性樹脂組成物中0.1~20質量%の範囲であることが好ましい。
前記無機充填剤は、例えば、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物を半導体封止材料用途に用いる場合などに配合される。前記無機充填剤は、例えば、溶融シリカ、結晶シリカ、アルミナ、窒化珪素、水酸化アルミ等が挙げられる。中でも、無機充填剤をより多く配合することが可能となることから、前記溶融シリカが好ましい。前記溶融シリカは破砕状、球状のいずれでも使用可能であるが、溶融シリカの配合量を高め、且つ、硬化性樹脂組成物の溶融粘度の上昇を抑制するためには、球状のものを主に用いることが好ましい。更に、球状シリカの配合量を高めるためには、球状シリカの粒度分布を適当に調整することが好ましい。その充填率は硬化性樹脂組成物100質量部中、0.5~95質量部の範囲で配合することが好ましい。
本発明は、前記硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化反応させて得られることを特徴とする硬化物に関する。前記硬化物は、前記エポキシ樹脂を含有する前記硬化性樹脂組成物により得られるため、耐熱性、低吸水性、及び、高曲げ特性(曲げ強度や曲げ弾性率、曲げ歪みなど)を発現することができ、好ましい。
前記硬化性樹脂組成物が用いられる用途としては、プリント配線板材料、フレキシルブル配線基板用樹脂組成物、ビルドアップ基板用層間絶縁材料、ビルドアップ用接着フィルム等の回路基板用絶縁材料、樹脂注型材料、接着剤、半導体封止材料、半導体装置、プリプレグ、導電ペースト、ビルドアップフィルム、ビルドアップ基板、繊維強化複合材料、前記複合材料を硬化させてなる成形品(繊維強化樹脂成形品)等が挙げられる。これら各種用途のうち、プリント配線板材料、回路基板用絶縁材料、ビルドアップ用接着フィルム用途では、コンデンサ等の受動部品やICチップ等の能動部品を基板内に埋め込んだ所謂電子部品内蔵用基板用の絶縁材料として用いることができる。さらに、上記の中でも、硬化物が優れた耐熱性、低吸水性、及び、高弾性率等を有するといった特性を生かし、本発明の硬化性樹脂組成物は、半導体封止材料、半導体装置、プリプレグ、フレキシルブル配線基板、回路基板、及び、ビルドアップフィルム、ビルドアップ基板、多層プリント配線板、繊維強化複合材料、前記複合材料を硬化させてなる成形品に用いることが好ましい。以下に、硬化性樹脂組成物から、前記繊維強化複合材料などを製造する方法について説明する。
上記硬化性樹脂組成物から半導体封止材料を得る方法としては、上記硬化性樹脂組成物、及び硬化促進剤、及び無機充填剤等の配合剤とを必要に応じて押出機、ニーダ、ロール等を用いて均一になるまで充分に溶融混合する方法が挙げられる。その際、無機充填剤としては、通常、溶融シリカが用いられるが、パワートランジスタ、パワーIC用高熱伝導半導体封止材として用いる場合は、溶融シリカよりも熱伝導率の高い結晶シリカ、アルミナ、窒化ケイ素などの高充填化、又は溶融シリカ、結晶性シリカ、アルミナ、窒化ケイ素などを用いるとよい。その充填率は硬化性樹脂組成物100質量部当たり、無機充填剤を30~95質量部の範囲で用いることが好ましく、中でも、難燃性や耐湿性や耐ハンダクラック性の向上、線膨張係数の低下を図るためには、70質量部以上がより好ましく、80質量部以上であることがさらに好ましい。
上記硬化性樹脂組成物から半導体装置を得る方法としては、上記半導体封止材料を注型、或いはトランスファー成形機、射出成形機などを用いて成形し、さらに50~200℃ で2~10時間の間、加熱する方法が挙げられる。
上記硬化性樹脂組成物からプリプレグを得る方法としては、下記有機溶剤を配合してワニス化した硬化性樹脂組成物を、補強基材(紙、ガラス布、ガラス不織布、アラミド紙、アラミド布、ガラスマット、ガラスロービング布など)に含浸したのち、用いた溶剤種に応じた加熱温度、好ましくは50~170℃で加熱することによって、得る方法が挙げられる。この時用いる樹脂組成物と補強基材の質量割合としては、特に限定されないが、通常、プリプレグ中の樹脂分が20~60質量%となるように調製することが好ましい。
上記硬化性樹脂組成物からプリント回路基板を得る方法としては、上記プリプレグを、常法により積層し、適宜銅箔を重ねて、1~10MPaの加圧下に170~300℃で10分~3時間、加熱圧着させる方法が挙げられる
上記硬化性樹脂組成物からフレキシルブル配線基板を製造する方法としては、以下に示す3つの工程からなる方法で製造されるものが挙げられる。第1の工程は、活性エステル、エポキシ樹脂、及び有機溶剤を配合した硬化性樹脂組成物を、リバースロールコータ、コンマコータ等の塗布機を用いて、電気絶縁性フィルムに塗布する工程であり、第2の工程は、加熱機を用いて60~170℃で1~15分間の間、硬化性樹脂組成物が塗布された電気絶縁性フィルム加熱し、電気絶縁性フィルムから溶剤を揮発させて、硬化性樹脂組成物をB-ステージ化する工程であり、第3の工程は、硬化性樹脂組成物がB-ステージ化された電気絶縁性フィルムに、加熱ロール等を用いて、接着剤に金属箔を熱圧着(圧着圧力は2~200N/cm、圧着温度は40~200℃が好ましい)する工程である。なお、上記3つの工程を経ることで、十分な接着性能が得られれば、ここで終えても構わないが、完全接着性能が必要な場合は、さらに100~200℃で1~24時間の条件で後硬化させることが好ましい。最終的に硬化させた後の硬化性樹脂組成物膜の厚みは、5~100μmの範囲が好ましい。
上記硬化性樹脂組成物からビルドアップ基板を製造する方法としては、以下に示す3つの工程からなる方法で製造されるものが挙げられる。第1の工程は、ゴム、フィラーなどを適宜配合した上記硬化性樹脂組成物を、回路を形成した回路基板にスプレーコーティング法、カーテンコーティング法等を用いて塗布した後、硬化させる工程であり、第2の工程は、その後、必要に応じて所定のスルーホール部等の穴あけを行った後、粗化剤により処理し、その表面を湯洗することによって、凹凸を形成させ、銅などの金属をめっき処理する工程であり、第3の工程は、このような操作を所望に応じて順次繰り返し、樹脂絶縁層及び所定の回路パターンの導体層を交互にビルドアップして形成する工程である。なお、スルーホール部の穴あけは、最外層の樹脂絶縁層の形成後に行うことが好ましい。第一の工程は、上述の溶液塗布によるもの以外にも、あらかじめ所望の厚みに塗工して乾燥したビルドアップフィルムのラミネートによる方法でも行うことができる。また、本発明のビルドアップ基板は、銅箔上で当該樹脂組成物を半硬化させた樹脂付き銅箔を、回路を形成した配線基板上に、170~250℃で加熱圧着することで、粗化面を形成、メッキ処理の工程を省き、ビルドアップ基板を製造することも可能である。
上記硬化性樹脂組成物からビルドアップフィルムを製造する方法としては、上記硬化性樹脂組成物を、支持フィルム上に塗布し、硬化性樹脂組成物層を形成させて多層プリント配線板用の接着フィルムとすることにより製造する方法が挙げられる。
なお、上記のようして得られたフィルムを用いて多層プリント配線板を製造することもできる。そのような多層プリント配線板の製造方法は、例えば、組成物層(X)が保護フィルムで保護されている場合はこれらを剥離した後、組成物層(X)を回路基板に直接、回路基板の片面又は両面に、例えば真空ラミネート法によりラミネートする。ラミネートの方法はバッチ式であってもロールでの連続式であってもよい。またラミネートを行う前に接着フィルム及び回路基板を必要により加熱(プレヒート)しておいてもよい。
本発明は、前記硬化性樹脂組成物と、強化繊維を含有することを特徴とする繊維強化複合材料に関する。前記硬化性樹脂組成物から繊維強化複合材料を製造する方法としては、硬化性樹脂組成物を構成する各成分を均一に混合してワニスを調整し、次いでこれを強化繊維からなる強化基材に含浸した後、重合反応させることにより製造することができる。特に本発明のエポキシ樹脂は、低溶融粘度であるため、ハンドリング性に優れるため、前記繊維強化複合材料の製造に適しており、好ましい。
上記で半導体封止材料や繊維強化複合材料等を製造する方法について説明したが、硬化性樹脂組成物からその他の硬化物を製造することもできる。その他の硬化物の製造方法としては、一般的な硬化性樹脂組成物の硬化方法に準拠することにより製造することができる。例えば加熱温度条件は、組み合わせる硬化剤の種類や用途等によって、適宜選択すればよい。
以下に示す手順、及び、計算式により、フェノール樹脂の水酸基当量(g/当量)を測定した。
500mL三角フラスコに、以下に得られたフェノール樹脂を試料とし、これを2.5g、トリフェニルホスフィン7.5g、ピリジン7.5g、無水酢酸2.5gを精秤し、120℃にて2.5時間処理した後、5mLの蒸留水を加え反応を停止した。その後、テトラヒドロフラン150mL、プリピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル200mLに溶解することで、試料溶液を調製した。
前記試料溶液とは別に、10mL蒸留水、2.5gの無水酢酸を精秤し、ピリジン10gを入れ、10分間攪拌し、20分静置した後、テトラヒドロフラン150mL、プリピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル200mLと混合することで、ブランク溶液を調製した。
得られた試料溶液、及び、ブランク溶液について、電位差自動滴定装置AT-510(京都電子工業社製)を使用し、0.5mol/Lエタノール性水酸化カリウム溶液(滴定液)を用いて、滴定を行った後、以下の計算式を用いて、水酸基当量を算出した。
BL=(ブランク溶液の滴定量)×(2.5gの無水酢酸の理論滴定量)/(ブランク溶液の理論滴定量)
=Y×[(2.5/102.09)×2×(1000/5)]/[(W/102.09)
×2×(1000/5)]
BL:ブランク値(mL)
Y:ブランク溶液の滴定量(mL)
W:ブランク測定の無水酢酸の量(g)
水酸基当量(g/当量)=S×1000/[{(BL×FA3/FA5)-EP1}×
FA4]
S:サンプル量(g)
FA3:試料測定時の無水酢酸の量(g)
FA4:滴定液(エタノール性KOH溶液)の濃度(mol/L)
FA5:試料測定時の無水酢酸の量(g)
EP1:試料の滴定量(mL)
JIS K 7234(環球法)に準拠して、軟化点(℃)を測定した。
ASTM D4287に準拠して、ICI粘度計にて、150℃における溶融粘度(d
Pa・s)測定した。
E型粘度計(東機産業株式会社製 TV-22)を用いて、25℃における粘度(mPa・s)測定した。
JIS K 7236に準拠して、以下に得られたエポキシ樹脂のエポキシ当量(g/当量)を測定した。
以下の測定装置、測定条件を用いて、以下に示す合成方法で得られたフェノール樹脂、及び、前記フェノール樹脂を用いて得られたエポキシ樹脂のGPC測定を行った。
測定装置:東ソー株式会社製「HLC-8320 GPC」、
カラム:東ソー株式会社製ガードカラム「HXL-L」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK-GEL G2000HXL」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK-GEL G2000HXL」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK-GEL G3000HXL」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK-GEL G4000HXL」
検出器:RI(示差屈折計)
データ処理:東ソー株式会社製「GPCワークステーション EcoSEC-Work
Station」
測定条件:カラム温度 40℃
展開溶剤 テトラヒドロフラン
流速 1.0ml/分
標準:前記「GPCワークステーション EcoSEC―WorkStation」の測定マニュアルに準拠して、分子量が既知の下記の単分散ポリスチレンを用いた。
(使用ポリスチレン)
東ソー株式会社製「A-500」
東ソー株式会社製「A-1000」
東ソー株式会社製「A-2500」
東ソー株式会社製「A-5000」
東ソー株式会社製「F-1」
東ソー株式会社製「F-2」
東ソー株式会社製「F-4」
東ソー株式会社製「F-10」
東ソー株式会社製「F-20」
東ソー株式会社製「F-40」
東ソー株式会社製「F-80」
東ソー株式会社製「F-128」
試料:フェノール樹脂、及び、エポキシ樹脂の固形分換算で1.0質量%のテトラヒドロフラン溶液をマイクロフィルターでろ過したもの(50μl)。
なお、前記フェノール樹脂中の残留した(未反応の)カテコール化合物、及び、(未反応の)フェノール化合物の含有割合(面積%)については、硬化時の揮発分を低減する等の観点から、残留カテコール化合物(残存カテコール)、及び、残留フェノール化合物(残存フェノール)の含有割合の合計として、1面積%以下であることが好ましく、0.8面積%以下であることがより好ましく、0.4面積%以下が更に好ましい。
FD-MSスペクトルは、以下の測定装置、測定条件を用いて測定した。
測定装置:日本電子製JMS-T100GC AccuTOF
測定条件
測定範囲:m/z=4.00~2000.00
変化率:51.2mA/min
最終電流値:45mA
カソード電圧:-10kV
記録間隔:0.07sec
前記FD-MSスペクトルの結果より、目的生成物(フェノール樹脂、及び、エポキシ樹脂)由来のピークが確認でき、目的生成物が得られたことを確認した。なお、前記FD-MSスペクトル測定の結果については、実施例1(図15参照)、及び、実施例8(図16参照)についてのみ図示した。
13C-NMR:日本電子製「JNM-ECA500」
磁場強度:500MHz
積算回数:2000回
溶媒:DMSO-d6(フェノール樹脂)、クロロホルム-d1(エポキシ樹脂)
試料濃度:30質量%
前記13C-NMRチャートの結果より、目的生成物(フェノール樹脂、及び、エポキシ樹脂)由来のピークが確認でき、各反応における目的生成物が得られたことを確認した。なお、前記13C-NMR測定の結果(13C-NMRチャート)については、実施例1(図17参照)、及び、実施例8(図18参照)についてのみ図示した。
〔フェノール樹脂(a-1)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにカテコール484.4g(4.40mol)、フェノール414.0g(4.40mol)、オルソキシリレンジクロライド154.2g(0.88mol)を仕込み、溶解しながら100℃まで昇温し、その温度で3時間保持して反応させた。次いで、150℃に昇温し3時間保持して反応させた。この際、反応で生成した塩化水素は系外へ排出させ、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液のトラップに吸収させた。反応後、減圧下で未反応カテコールおよびフェノールを留去することで、フェノール樹脂(a-1)236.4gを得た。水酸基当量は96g/当量であり、軟化点は63℃、150℃における溶融粘度は0.4dPa・sであった。また、残存カテコールは、GPC(図1参照)の面積百分率で0.2面積%であり、フェノールは検出されなかった。
〔フェノール樹脂(a-2)の合成〕
実施例1において、カテコール387.6g(3.52mol)、フェノール496.8g(5.28mol)に変更した以外は同様の操作を行い、フェノール樹脂(a-2)を239.4g得た。水酸基当量は104g/当量であり、軟化点は62℃、150℃における溶融粘度は0.4dPa・sであった。GPC(図2参照)上では、残存カテコールおよびフェノールは検出されなかった。
〔フェノール樹脂(a-3)の合成〕
実施例1において、カテコール290.7g(2.64mol)、フェノール579.7g(6.16mol)に変更した以外は同様の操作を行い、フェノール樹脂(a-3)を245.4g得た。水酸基当量は107g/当量であり、軟化点は61℃、150℃における溶融粘度は0.3dPa・sであった。また、残存カテコールは、GPC(図3参照)の面積百分率で0.3面積%であり、フェノールは検出されなかった。
〔フェノール樹脂(a-4)の合成〕
実施例1において、カテコール193.8g(1.76mol)、フェノール662.5g(7.04mol)に変更した以外は同様の操作を行い、フェノール樹脂(a-4)を241.9g得た。水酸基当量は120g/当量であり、軟化点は57℃、150℃における溶融粘度は0.3dPa・sであった。また、残存カテコールは、GPC(図4参照)の面積百分率で0.5面積%であり、フェノールは検出されなかった。
〔フェノール樹脂(a-5)の合成〕
実施例1において、カテコール96.9g(0.88mol)、フェノール745.3g(7.92mol)に変更した以外は同様の操作を行い、フェノール樹脂(a-5)を229.1g得た。水酸基当量は134g/当量であり、軟化点は53℃、150℃における溶融粘度は0.2dPa・sであった。GPC(図5参照)上では、残存カテコールおよびフェノールは検出されなかった。
〔フェノール樹脂(a-6)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにカテコール264.2g(2.40mol)、フェノール338.8g(3.60mol)、オルソキシリレンジクロライド210.1g(1.20mol)を仕込み、溶解しながら100℃まで昇温し、その温度で3時間保持して反応させた。次いで、150℃に昇温し3時間保持して反応させた。この際、反応で生成した塩化水素は系外へ排出させ、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液のトラップに吸収させた。反応後、減圧下で未反応カテコールおよびフェノールを留去することで、フェノール樹脂(a-6)317.5gを得た。水酸基当量は110g/当量であり、軟化点は69℃、150℃における溶融粘度は0.7dPa・sであった。また、残存カテコールは、GPC(図6参照)の面積百分率で0.4面積%であり、フェノールは検出されなかった。
〔フェノール樹脂(a-7)の合成〕
実施例5において、カテコール198.2g(1.80mol)、フェノール395.2g(4.20mol)に変更した以外は同様の操作を行い、フェノール樹脂(a-7)を292.9g得た。水酸基当量は116g/当量であり、軟化点は67℃、150℃における溶融粘度は0.5dPa・sであった。また、残存カテコールは、GPC(図7参照)の面積百分率で0.3面積%であり、フェノールは検出されなかった。
〔フェノール樹脂(b-1)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにカテコール968.9g(8.80mol)、オルソキシリレンジクロライド154.2g(0.88mol)、メタノール96.9gを仕込み、溶解しながら120℃まで昇温し、その温度で3時間保持して反応させた。次いで、150℃に昇温し3時間保持して反応させた。この際、反応で生成した塩化水素は系外へ排出させ、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液のトラップに吸収させた。反応後、減圧下で未反応カテコールを留去することで、フェノール樹脂(b-1)228.2gを得た。水酸基当量は85g/当量であり、軟化点は70℃、150℃における溶融粘度は0.7dPa・sであった。また、残存カテコールは、GPC(図19参照)の面積百分率で0.5面積%であった。
〔フェノール樹脂(b-2)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにフェノール846.9g(9.00mol)、オルソキシリレンジクロライド157.7g(0.90mol)を仕込み、溶解しながら100℃まで昇温し、その温度で3時間保持して反応させた。さらに150 ℃まで昇温して1時間保持し反応させた。この際、反応で生成した塩化水素ガスは系外へ排出させ、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に吸収させた。反応後、減圧下で未反応フェノールを留去することで、フェノール樹脂(b-2)252.1gを得た。水酸基当量は152g/当量であり、軟化点は47℃、150℃における溶融粘度は0.2dPa・sであった。また、GPC(図20参照)上では残存フェノールは検出されなかった。
〔エポキシ樹脂(A-1)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにフェノール樹脂(a-1)192.0g(水酸基として2.0mol)、エピクロルヒドリン1110.0g(12.0mol)を仕込み、攪拌溶解しながら50℃に昇温した。次いで、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムを1.70g仕込み、50℃の温度のまま24時間反応させた。さらに、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液179.6g(水酸基に対して1.10当量)を3時間かけて滴下し、さらに50℃で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、n-ブタノール222.0g、水260.4gを添加し、攪拌を停止して、下層に溜まった水層を除去し、攪拌を再開し150℃減圧下で未反応エピクロルヒドリンを留去した。それで得られた粗エポキシ樹脂にメチルイソブチルケトン516.8gとn-ブタノール86.1gを加え溶解した。さらにこの溶液に10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液17.8gを添加して80℃2時間反応させた後に洗浄液のpHが中性となるまで水152.0gで水洗を繰り返した。次いで、共沸によって系内を脱水し、精密ろ過を経た後に、溶媒を減圧下にて留去し目的のエポキシ樹脂(A-1)288.8gを得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂(A-1)のエポキシ当量は193g/当量であり、150℃における溶融粘度は0.4dPa・sであった。また、GPCチャートを図8に示した。
〔エポキシ樹脂(A-2)の合成〕 温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにフェノール樹脂(a-2)208.0g(水酸基として2.0mol)、エピクロルヒドリン1110.0g(12.0mol)を仕込み、攪拌溶解しながら50℃に昇温した。次いで、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムを1.70g仕込み、50℃の温度のまま24時間反応させた。さらに、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液179.6g(水酸基に対して1.10当量)を3時間かけて滴下し、さらに50℃で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、n-ブタノール222.0g、水260.4gを添加し、攪拌を停止して、下層に溜まった水層を除去し、攪拌を再開し150℃減圧下で未反応エピクロルヒドリンを留去した。それで得られた粗エポキシ樹脂にメチルイソブチルケトン544.0gとn-ブタノール90.7gを加え溶解した。さらにこの溶液に10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液18.7gを添加して80℃2時間反応させた後に洗浄液のpHが中性となるまで水160.0gで水洗を繰り返した。次いで、共沸によって系内を脱水し、精密ろ過を経た後に、溶媒を減圧下にて留去し目的のエポキシ樹脂(A-2)304.0gを得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂(A-2)のエポキシ当量は195g/当量であり、150℃における溶融粘度は0.4dPa・sであった。 また、GPCチャートを図9に示した。
〔エポキシ樹脂(A-3)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにフェノール樹脂(a-3)214.0g(水酸基として2.0mol)、エピクロルヒドリン1110.0g(12.0mol)を仕込み、攪拌溶解しながら50℃に昇温した。次いで、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムを1.70g仕込み、50℃の温度のまま24時間反応させた。さらに、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液179.6g(水酸基に対して1.10当量)を3時間かけて滴下し、さらに50℃で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、n-ブタノール222.0g、水260.4gを添加し、攪拌を停止して、下層に溜まった水層を除去し、攪拌を再開し150℃減圧下で未反応エピクロルヒドリンを留去した。それで得られた粗エポキシ樹脂にメチルイソブチルケトン554.2gとn-ブタノール92.4gを加え溶解した。さらにこの溶液に10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液18.2gを添加して80℃2時間反応させた後に洗浄液のpHが中性となるまで水163.0gで水洗を繰り返した。次いで、共沸によって系内を脱水し、精密ろ過を経た後に、溶媒を減圧下にて留去し目的のエポキシ樹脂(A-3)308.1gを得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂(A-3)のエポキシ当量は212g/当量であり、150℃における溶融粘度は0.4dPa・sであった。また、GPCチャートを図10に示した。
〔エポキシ樹脂(A-4)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにフェノール樹脂(a-4)240.0g(水酸基として2.0mol)、エピクロルヒドリン1110.0g(12.0mol)を仕込み、攪拌溶解しながら50℃に昇温した。次いで、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムを1.70g仕込み、50℃の温度のまま24時間反応させた。さらに、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液179.6g(水酸基に対して1.10当量)を3時間かけて滴下し、さらに50℃で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、n-ブタノール222.0g、水260.4gを添加し、攪拌を停止して、下層に溜まった水層を除去し、攪拌を再開し150℃減圧下で未反応エピクロルヒドリンを留去した。それで得られた粗エポキシ樹脂にメチルイソブチルケトン598.4gとn-ブタノール99.7gを加え溶解した。さらにこの溶液に10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液15.3gを添加して80℃2時間反応させた後に洗浄液のpHが中性となるまで水176.0gで水洗を繰り返した。次いで、共沸によって系内を脱水し、精密ろ過を経た後に、溶媒を減圧下にて留去し目的のエポキシ樹脂(A-4)295.6gを得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂(A-4)のエポキシ当量は225g/当量であり、150℃における溶融粘度は0.3dPa・sであった。また、GPCチャートを図11に示した。
〔エポキシ樹脂(A-5)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにフェノール樹脂(a-5)214.4g(水酸基として1.6mol)、エピクロルヒドリン888.8g(9.60mol)を仕込み、攪拌溶解しながら50℃に昇温した。次いで、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムを1.36g仕込み、50℃の温度のまま24時間反応させた。さらに、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液143.7g(水酸基に対して1.10当量)を3時間かけて滴下し、さらに50℃で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、n-ブタノール177.8g、水208.4gを添加し、攪拌を停止して、下層に溜まった水層を除去し、攪拌を再開し150℃減圧下で未反応エピクロルヒドリンを留去した。それで得られた粗エポキシ樹脂にメチルイソブチルケトン516.8gとn-ブタノール86.1gを加え溶解した。さらにこの溶液に10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液15.1gを添加して80℃2時間反応させた後に洗浄液のpHが中性となるまで水152.0gで水洗を繰り返した。次いで、共沸によって系内を脱水し、精密ろ過を経た後に、溶媒を減圧下にて留去し目的のエポキシ樹脂(A-5)287.8gを得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂(A-5)のエポキシ当量は232g/当量であり、150℃における溶融粘度は0.2dPa・sであった。また、GPCチャートを図12に示した。
〔エポキシ樹脂(A-6)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにフェノール樹脂(a-6)220.0g(水酸基として2.0mol)、エピクロルヒドリン1110.0g(12.0mol)を仕込み、攪拌溶解しながら50℃に昇温した。次いで、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムを1.70g仕込み、50℃の温度のまま24時間反応させた。さらに、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液179.6g(水酸基に対して1.10当量)を3時間かけて滴下し、さらに50℃で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、n-ブタノール222.0g、水260.4gを添加し、攪拌を停止して、下層に溜まった水層を除去し、攪拌を再開し150℃減圧下で未反応エピクロルヒドリンを留去した。それで得られた粗エポキシ樹脂にメチルイソブチルケトン564.4gとn-ブタノール94.1gを加え溶解した。さらにこの溶液に10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液20.6gを添加して80℃2時間反応させた後に洗浄液のpHが中性となるまで水166.0gで水洗を繰り返した。次いで、共沸によって系内を脱水し、精密ろ過を経た後に、溶媒を減圧下にて留去し目的のエポキシ樹脂(A-6)295.6gを得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂(A-6)のエポキシ当量は203g/当量であり、150℃における溶融粘度は0.7dPa・sであった。また、GPCチャートを図13に示した。
〔エポキシ樹脂(A-7)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにフェノール樹脂(a-7)232.0g(水酸基として2.0mol)、エピクロルヒドリン1110.0g(12.0mol)を仕込み、攪拌溶解しながら50℃に昇温した。次いで、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムを1.70g仕込み、50℃の温度のまま24時間反応させた。さらに、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液179.6g(水酸基に対して1.10当量)を3時間かけて滴下し、さらに50℃で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、n-ブタノール222.0g、水260.4gを添加し、攪拌を停止して、下層に溜まった水層を除去し、攪拌を再開し150℃減圧下で未反応エピクロルヒドリンを留去した。それで得られた粗エポキシ樹脂にメチルイソブチルケトン584.8gとn-ブタノール94.1gを加え溶解した。さらにこの溶液に10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液20.6gを添加して80℃2時間反応させた後に洗浄液のpHが中性となるまで水172.0gで水洗を繰り返した。次いで、共沸によって系内を脱水し、精密ろ過を経た後に、溶媒を減圧下にて留去し目的のエポキシ樹脂(A-7)295.6gを得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂(A-7)のエポキシ当量は222g/当量であり、150℃における溶融粘度は0.7dPa・sであった。また、GPCチャートを図14に示した。
〔エポキシ樹脂(B-1)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにフェノール樹脂(b-1)170.0g(水酸基として2.0mol)、エピクロルヒドリン740.0g(8.0mol)を仕込み、攪拌溶解しながら50℃に昇温した。次いで、塩化ベンジルトリメチルアンモニウムを1.70g仕込み、50℃の温度のまま24時間反応させた。さらに、49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液179.6g(水酸基に対して1.10当量)を3時間かけて滴下し、さらに50℃で1時間反応させた。反応終了後、n-ブタノール148.0g、水260.4gを添加し、攪拌を停止して、下層に溜まった水層を除去し、攪拌を再開し150℃減圧下で未反応エピクロルヒドリンを留去した。それで得られた粗エポキシ樹脂にメチルイソブチルケトン489.6gとn-ブタノール81.6gを加え溶解した。さらにこの溶液に10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液21.1gを添加して80℃2時間反応させた後に洗浄液のpHが中性となるまで水144.0gで水洗を繰り返した。次いで、共沸によって系内を脱水し、精密ろ過を経た後に、溶媒を減圧下にて留去し目的のエポキシ樹脂(B-1)272.0gを得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂(B-1)のエポキシ当量は164g/当量であり、150℃における溶融粘度は0.4dPa・sであった。また、GPCチャートを図21に示した。
〔エポキシ樹脂(B-2)の合成〕
温度計、冷却管、攪拌機を取り付けた2Lフラスコにフェノール樹脂(b-2)243.2g(水酸基として1.60mol)、エピクロルヒドリン740.0g(8.00mol)、n-ブタノール148.0gを仕込み、攪拌溶解しながら50℃に昇温した。次いで、50℃の温度で49%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液143.7g(水酸基に対して1.10当量)を3時間かけて滴下し、さらに1時間反応させた。反応終了後、n-ブタノール148.0g、水208.4gを添加し、攪拌を停止して、下層に溜まった水層を除去し、攪拌を再開し150℃減圧下で未反応エピクロルヒドリンを留去した。それで得られた粗エポキシ樹脂にメチルイソブチルケトン565.8gとn-ブタノール94.3gを加え溶解した。さらにこの溶液に10%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液11.2gを添加して80℃2時間反応させた後に洗浄液のpHが中性となるまで水166.4gで水洗を繰り返した。次いで、共沸によって系内を脱水し、精密ろ過を経た後に、溶媒を減圧下にて留去し目的のエポキシ樹脂(B-2)314.5gを得た。得られたエポキシ樹脂(B-2)のエポキシ当量は217g/当量であり、25℃における粘度は304,000mPa・sであった。また、GPCチャートを図22に示した。
〔エポキシ樹脂(B-3)の合成〕
ビスフェノールA型液状エポキシ樹脂、DIC社製、EPICLON 850S(エポキシ当量:188g/当量、25℃での粘度:13,000mPa・s)をエポキシ樹脂(B-3)とした。
〔エポキシ樹脂(B-4)の合成〕
テトラグリシジルジアミノジフェニルメタン型エポキシ樹脂、住友化学社製、スミエポキシ ELM-434(エポキシ当量:121g/当量、25℃での粘度:388,000mPa・s)をエポキシ樹脂(B-4)とした。
実施例8~14、比較例3~6のエポキシ樹脂、および、硬化剤として4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン(4,4’-DDS)をエポキシ当量/活性水素当量=1/1となるように配合し、100~120℃で溶融混合してエポキシ樹脂組成物を得た。さらに、エポキシ樹脂組成物を、4mmのスペーサーを挟んだガラス板の間に流し込み、150℃で1時間、次いで180℃で3時間硬化反応を行い、硬化物を作成した。
得られた硬化物を、JIS K7171に従って、4mm厚の硬化物の初期値、及び、70℃の水に2週間浸漬した吸水後の曲げ強度、曲げ弾性率、及び、曲げ歪みをそれぞれ測定した。
得られた硬化物を、70℃の水に2週間浸漬し、その後に水から引き揚げて、吸水率を測定した。吸水率は、下記の式のとおり算出した。
吸水率=100×[(吸水後の硬化物の重量)-(初期の硬化物の重量)]/[(初期の硬化物の重量)]
一方、比較例においては、実施例と比較して、曲げ特性全てにおいて、所望の範囲を満足するものはなく、特に吸水後の曲げ強度に関しては、全ての比較例において、実施例よりも劣る結果であった。
Claims (10)
- カテコール化合物、フェノール化合物、及び、オルソキシリレン骨格含有化合物との反応物であり、
前記カテコール化合物由来のカテコール骨格、前記フェノール化合物由来のフェノール骨格、及び、前記オルソキシリレン骨格含有化合物由来のオルソキシリレン骨格を有することを特徴とするフェノール樹脂。 - 水酸基当量が、90~140g/当量であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のフェノール樹脂。
- 請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のフェノール樹脂のフェノール性水酸基と、エピハロヒドリンとの反応によるグリシジルエーテル基を有する反応物であることを特徴とするエポキシ樹脂。
- エポキシ当量が、150~300g/当量であることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載のエポキシ樹脂。
- 請求項4~6のいずれかに記載のエポキシ樹脂を含有することを特徴とする硬化性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項7に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物を硬化反応させて得られることを特徴とする硬化物。
- 請求項7に記載の硬化性樹脂組成物と、強化繊維を含有することを特徴とする繊維強化複合材料。
- 請求項8に記載の硬化物と、強化繊維を含有することを特徴とする繊維強化樹脂成形品。
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