WO2023032633A1 - 活性炭 - Google Patents
活性炭 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023032633A1 WO2023032633A1 PCT/JP2022/030637 JP2022030637W WO2023032633A1 WO 2023032633 A1 WO2023032633 A1 WO 2023032633A1 JP 2022030637 W JP2022030637 W JP 2022030637W WO 2023032633 A1 WO2023032633 A1 WO 2023032633A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- activated carbon
- pore
- less
- pore volume
- chloroform
- Prior art date
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 466
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 258
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 110
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 54
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005264 electron capture Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 49
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 43
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 29
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 28
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 15
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 10
- -1 yttrium compound Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000003748 yttrium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GATVIKZLVQHOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodibromomethane Chemical compound ClC(Br)Br GATVIKZLVQHOMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004380 ashing Methods 0.000 description 2
- DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoform Chemical compound BrC(Br)Br DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003746 yttrium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003775 Density Functional Theory Methods 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- FMWLUWPQPKEARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromodichloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Br FMWLUWPQPKEARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005228 bromoform Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- HJUFTIJOISQSKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenoxycarb Chemical compound C1=CC(OCCNC(=O)OCC)=CC=C1OC1=CC=CC=C1 HJUFTIJOISQSKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AQBLLJNPHDIAPN-MUCWUPSWSA-K iron(3+);(e)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Fe+3].C\C([O-])=C/C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C/C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C/C(C)=O AQBLLJNPHDIAPN-MUCWUPSWSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyl-1-phenylethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(CN)C1=CC=CC=C1 NFSAPTWLWWYADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000347 yttrium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DEXZEPDUSNRVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-K yttrium(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Y+3] DEXZEPDUSNRVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RTAYJOCWVUTQHB-UHFFFAOYSA-H yttrium(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Y+3].[Y+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RTAYJOCWVUTQHB-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/28083—Pore diameter being in the range 2-50 nm, i.e. mesopores
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
- D01F9/14—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments
- D01F9/145—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from pitch or distillation residues
- D01F9/15—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from pitch or distillation residues from coal pitch
Definitions
- the present invention relates to activated carbon having high mechanical strength and excellent trihalomethane filtration ability.
- chlorine is added to tap water for drinking purposes for the purpose of sterilization.
- chlorine contained in tap water reacts with organic substances contained in tap water to produce organic halogen compounds.
- organic substances contained in tap water For example, it is known that when humic substances, which are natural organic substances, react with chlorine in tap water, trihalomethanes such as chloroform, which are carcinogenic substances, are produced. Therefore, in recent years, activated carbon has been proposed that has an excellent ability to filter trihalomethanes contained in tap water.
- Patent Document 1 as an activated carbon excellent in trihalomethane filtration ability, among the pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method, the pore volume of pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less is 0.3 cc / g or more. And, of the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method, the pore volume of pore diameters in the range of 3.0 nm or more and 3.5 nm or less is 0.009 cc/g or more.
- the activated carbon described in Patent Document 1 exhibits excellent trihalomethane filtration ability even in water flow treatment at a high superficial velocity (SV), and is highly useful.
- the inventors of the present invention have studied to further improve the functionality of activated carbon, and have learned that the activated carbon described in Patent Document 1 has room for further improvement in terms of mechanical strength. .
- the main object of the present invention is to provide an activated carbon having high mechanical strength and excellent trihalomethane filtration ability.
- the inventors of the present invention thought that in order to further improve the mechanical strength of the activated carbon described in Patent Document 1, it was necessary to reduce the pore volume A with a pore diameter in the range of 1.0 nm or less. That is, the activated carbon described in Patent Document 1 has a pore volume A of 0.3 cc/g or more with a pore diameter in the range of 1.0 nm or less, which is a barrier to further improvement in mechanical strength. I thought it was. However, it is believed that trihalomethanes are likely to be adsorbed in pores with a pore diameter in the range of 1.0 nm or less, and simply reducing the pore volume A of the pore diameter in question leads to a decrease in the filtering ability of trihalomethanes. Therefore, it becomes impossible to achieve both high mechanical strength and excellent trihalomethane filtration ability.
- the inventors of the present invention conducted further studies and found that by controlling the pore diameter, pore volume, and specific surface area of activated carbon, both high mechanical strength and excellent trihalomethane filtration ability can be achieved. I got Specifically, the present inventors found that (1) among the pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm, the pore volume A of pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less is 0.230 cc/ (2) of the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm, the pore volume B of the pore diameter in the range of 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm is 0.8.
- Activated carbon satisfying more than 12 cc/g and 0.19 cc/g or less and (3) having a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 /g or more and 1200 m 2 /g or less can have high mechanical strength and excellent trihalomethane filtration ability. Found it.
- the present invention has been completed through further studies based on such findings.
- the present invention provides inventions in the following aspects.
- Section 1 Among the pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm, the pore volume A of pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less is 0.230 cc / g or more and 0.250 cc / g or less, Among the pore volumes calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm, the pore volume B with a pore diameter in the range of 1.5 nm or more and 2.5 nm or less is more than 0.120 cc / g and 0.190 cc / g or less can be, Activated carbon having a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 /g or more and 1200 m 2 /g or less.
- Item 2. The activated carbon according to Item 1, which is fibrous activated carbon.
- Item 3. Item 3.
- the activated carbon according to item 1 or 2 which has a chloroform filtration capacity of 40 L/g or more in water flow treatment at a superficial velocity of 3000 h -1 shown below. ⁇ Method for measuring chloroform filtration ability in water flow treatment at superficial velocity of 3000 h -1 > 3.0 g of dried activated carbon is beaten and packed into a glass column (diameter: 25 mm) to prepare an activated carbon column (filled height of activated carbon: 41 mm).
- Raw water for testing with a chloroform concentration of 60 ⁇ 12 ppb is prepared, the water temperature is controlled at 20° C. ⁇ 1° C., and the water is passed through the activated carbon column at a superficial velocity of 3000 h ⁇ 1 .
- the chloroform concentration of the test raw water and filtered water was measured by the headspace method using a non-radioactive electron capture detector, and the water flow rate (L / g) when the chloroform removal rate reached 80%. is obtained as the chloroform filtration capacity.
- the activated carbon according to Item 2 which has a tensile strength of 0.15 GPa or more as measured according to "7.3.2 Tensile strength" of JIS K 1477:2007 "Testing methods for fibrous activated carbon”.
- Item 5 A method for producing activated carbon according to any one of Items 1 to 4, The method for producing activated carbon, comprising the step of activating an activated carbon precursor containing 0.1 to 1.0% by mass of yttrium at a temperature of 925 to 940° C. in an atmosphere having a CO 2 concentration of 90% by volume or more.
- a water purification filter comprising the activated carbon according to any one of items 1 to 4.
- Item 5. A method for filtering water using the activated carbon according to any one of Items 1 to 4.
- the pore size, pore volume, and specific surface area of the activated carbon satisfy predetermined ranges, so that high mechanical strength and excellent trihalomethane filtration ability can be provided.
- the activated carbon of the present invention can exhibit excellent trihalomethane filtration ability even in water treatment at high superficial velocity, and therefore can be suitably used for removing trihalomethane from tap water.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the pore size distribution calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm of the activated carbon of Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the pore size distribution calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm of the activated carbon of Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the pore size distribution calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm of the activated carbon of Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the pore size distribution calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm of activated carbon of Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the pore size distribution calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm of activated carbon of Comparative Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the pore size distribution calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm of activated carbon of Comparative Example 3.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the pore size distribution calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume A of 0.230 cc/g or more and 0.250 cc/g or less with a pore diameter in the range of 1.0 nm or less in the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm. , and a pore volume B of more than 0.12 cc/g and 0.19 cc/g or less with a pore diameter in the range of 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm, and a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 /g to 1200 m 2 /g It is characterized by the following.
- the activated carbon of the present invention will be described in detail below.
- the pore diameter and pore volume of activated carbon are calculated by the QSDFT method (quenched solid density functional theory) from the nitrogen desorption isotherm (relative pressure 0.02 to 0.995) measured at a temperature of 77 K. value.
- the QSDFT method is an analysis method that can calculate the pore size distribution from about 0.5 nm to about 40 nm, targeting the pore size analysis of geometrically and chemically irregular microporous/mesoporous carbon.
- the QSDFT method clearly takes into account the effects of pore surface roughness and non-uniformity, and is therefore a technique that greatly improves the accuracy of pore size distribution analysis.
- the measurement of the nitrogen desorption isotherm may be performed by using a gas adsorption amount measuring device such as "AUTOSORB-1-MP" manufactured by Quantachrome, and the pore size distribution analysis by the QSDFT method uses N as a calculation model. 2 at 77K on carbon [slit pore, QSDFT equilibrium model] may be applied.
- a gas adsorption amount measuring device such as "AUTOSORB-1-MP” manufactured by Quantachrome
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a pore volume A of 0.230 cc/g or more and 0.250 cc/g or less with a pore diameter in the range of 1.0 nm or less in the pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm. is.
- the activated carbon can be provided with high mechanical strength.
- the pore volume A it is possible to provide excellent trihalomethane filtration performance, particularly excellent trihalomethane filtration performance even at high superficial velocity.
- the pore volume A is preferably 0.230 cc/g or more and 0.245 cc/g or less, more preferably 0.230 cc/g or more and 0.245 cc/g or less.
- the pore volume B of pore diameters in the range of 1.5 nm or more and 2.5 nm or less exceeds 0.120 cc / g and 0 .190 cc/g or less.
- the pore volume B By setting the pore volume B to more than 0.120 cc/g, it is possible to provide excellent trihalomethane filtration performance, particularly excellent trihalomethane filtration performance even at high superficial velocity. Further, by setting the pore volume B to 0.19 cc/g or less, the pore volume A described above can be easily satisfied in the range of 0.230 cc/g or more.
- pores having a pore diameter in the range of 1.5 nm or more and 2.5 nm or less have the function of diffusing trihalomethane into the pores, and have a function of 3.0 nm or more and 3.5 nm or less. It is thought that trihalomethanes are more likely to be adsorbed than pores having a pore diameter in the range of . Therefore, it is considered that the activated carbon of the present invention can exhibit excellent trihalomethane adsorption performance even if the pore volume A of pores with a diameter of 1.0 nm or less, which is responsible for the trihalomethane adsorption performance, is reduced to 0.250 cc/g or less. be done.
- the pore volume B is preferably 0.121 cc/g or more and 0.180 cc from the viewpoint of providing an excellent trihalomethane filtration ability, particularly an excellent trihalomethane filtration ability even at a high superficial velocity. /g or less, more preferably 0.145 cc/g or more and 0.175 cc/g or less, still more preferably 0.150 cc/g or more and 0.170 cc/g or less, particularly preferably 0.153 cc/g or more and 0.169 cc/g or less
- these include:
- the pore volumes A and B are in the range described above. Although it is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the 0.077 cc/g or less. By satisfying such a range, it becomes easier to achieve both high mechanical strength and excellent trihalomethane filtration ability more preferably.
- the pore volumes A and B are in the range described above. Although it is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies, for example, it is 0.140 cc/g or more and 0.150 cc/g or less, preferably 0.144 cc/g or more and 0.150 cc/g or less. By satisfying such a range, it becomes easier to achieve both high mechanical strength and excellent trihalomethane filtration ability more preferably.
- the pore volumes A and B are in the range described above. Although it is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies, for example, it is 0.300 cc/g or more and 0.400 cc/g or less, preferably 0.300 cc/g or more and 0.350 cc/g or less. By satisfying such a range, it becomes easier to achieve both high mechanical strength and excellent trihalomethane filtration ability more preferably.
- the pore volumes A and B are within the ranges described above. Although it is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the 0.425 cc/g or less. By satisfying such a range, it becomes easier to achieve both high mechanical strength and excellent trihalomethane filtration ability more preferably.
- the pore volumes A and B are within the ranges described above. Although it is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies the is mentioned.
- the pore volumes A and B are in the range described above. Although it is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies, for example, it is 0.010 cc/g or less, preferably 0.005 cc/g or less. By satisfying such a range, the trihalomethane filtration ability can be further improved.
- the total pore volume calculated by the QSDFT method from the nitrogen desorption isotherm is not particularly limited as long as the pore volumes A and B satisfy the above-described range.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 /g or more and 1200 m 2 /g or less.
- the specific surface area By setting the specific surface area to 1,000 m 2 /g or more, it is possible to provide excellent trihalomethane filtration performance, particularly excellent trihalomethane filtration performance even at high superficial velocity. Further, by setting the specific surface area to 1200 m 2 /g or less, it is possible to easily satisfy the pore volume A described above in the range of 0.230 cc/g or more.
- the specific surface area of the activated carbon of the present invention is preferably 1000 m 2 /g or more and 1180 m 2 /g or less, more preferably 1000 m 2 /g or more and 1180 m 2 /g or less, from the viewpoint of further improving the trihalomethane filtration performance, particularly the trihalomethane filtration performance under high superficial velocity. 1050 m 2 /g or more and 1180 m 2 /g or less, more preferably 1080 m 2 /g or more and 1160 m 2 /g or less.
- the specific surface area of activated carbon is a value determined by the BET method (one-point method with a relative pressure of 0.1 as a measuring point) using nitrogen as a substance to be adsorbed.
- the raw material from which the activated carbon of the present invention is derived is not particularly limited. plant-derived materials such as fruit shells and fruit seeds), mineral-based carbonaceous precursors (e.g., peat, lignite, lignite, bituminous coal, anthracite, coke, coal tar, and other mineral-derived materials), infusible or Examples thereof include carbonized organic materials and infusible resins such as phenolic resins. Specific examples of the organic material include polyacrylonitrile, pitch, polyvinyl alcohol, and cellulose. Among these, the activated carbon of the present invention is preferably derived from pitch, and more preferably derived from coal pitch.
- the preferred method for producing activated carbon of the present invention includes a step of activating an activated carbon precursor containing an yttrium compound. It contains yttrium derived from Yttrium contained in one embodiment of the activated carbon of the present invention may be in the form of yttrium alone, in the form of an yttrium compound, or in a mixed form. In one embodiment of the activated carbon of the present invention, the yttrium content is, for example, 0.001 to 1.0% by mass, preferably 0.01 to 0.8% by mass, more preferably 0.4 to 0.8% by mass.
- the yttrium content in the activated carbon is determined by measuring the yttrium element content with an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. Also, when the activated carbon of the present invention contains yttrium, washing can reduce the yttrium content. Reducing the yttrium content by washing does not affect the mechanical strength of the activated carbon of the present invention and its ability to filter trihalomethanes.
- the activated carbon does not substantially contain iron (elemental iron and/or iron compounds).
- substantially contains no iron means that the content of iron element is below the detection limit when the activated carbon is ashed, the ash is dissolved in acid, and measured with an ICP emission spectrometer.
- the form of the activated carbon of the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include fibrous, granular and powdery forms. Fibrous activated carbon is preferred from the viewpoints of workability when processed into a filter for use and trihalomethane adsorption rate when used in a water purifier.
- the average fiber diameter of the fibrous activated carbon is obtained by observing a lateral image of a test piece of fibrous activated carbon with an optical microscope and photographing it with a microscope camera system attached to the microscope. The photographed image is imported into image analysis software, and the width at any position in the length direction of the test piece is measured. This is done for 50 fibrous activated carbon fibers, and the average value of the widths of the 50 fibers is taken as the average fiber diameter.
- the activated carbon of the present invention is in the form of granules or powder
- its particle diameter is, for example, an integrated volume percentage D50 measured by a laser diffraction/scattering method of 0.01 to 5 mm.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has an excellent trihalomethane filtration ability, particularly an excellent trihalomethane filtration ability even at a high superficial velocity, because the pore volume A, the pore volume B, and the specific surface area satisfy the predetermined ranges. can be provided.
- the chloroform filtration ability in water flow treatment at a superficial velocity of 3000 h ⁇ 1 shown below is 40 L/g or more, preferably 40 to 90 L/g, more preferably 40 to 60 L/g, more preferably 42 to 45 L/g.
- Raw water for testing with a chloroform concentration of 60 ⁇ 12 ppb is prepared, the water temperature is controlled at 20° C. ⁇ 1° C., and the water is passed through the activated carbon column at a superficial velocity of 3000 h ⁇ 1 .
- the chloroform concentration of the test raw water and filtered water was measured by the headspace method using a non-radioactive electron capture detector, and the water flow rate (L / g) when the chloroform removal rate reached 80%. is obtained as the chloroform filtration capacity.
- the chloroform removal rate (%) is calculated according to the following formula.
- the water flow rate at the time when the chloroform removal rate reaches 80% is the total amount of the filtered liquid that flows out from the activated carbon column and is collected until the chloroform removal rate decreases to 80%.
- the details of the method for measuring the chloroform filtering ability are as described in the Examples section.
- the activated carbon of the present invention can have high mechanical strength by satisfying the above-described pore volume A, pore volume B, and specific surface area within the predetermined ranges.
- an example of the mechanical strength that can be provided when the activated carbon of the present invention is a fibrous activated carbon is a tensile strength of 0.15 GPa or more, preferably 0.15 to 0.40 GPa, more preferably 0.16 to 0.25 GPa. mentioned.
- the tensile strength of fibrous activated carbon is a value measured according to "7.3.2 Tensile strength" of Japanese Industrial Standards JIS K 1477:2007 "Fibrous activated carbon test method". Specific measurement conditions are as described in Examples.
- the use of the activated carbon of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferably used for water purification.
- the activated carbon of the present invention has an excellent ability to filter trihalomethanes, and is therefore suitable as a water purification filter for removing trihalomethanes from liquids containing trihalomethanes or liquids that may contain trihalomethanes. used.
- the activated carbon of the present invention may be molded into a desired shape as necessary.
- the activated carbon of the present invention when used as a water purification filter for a water purifier, it is preferable to have a cylindrical shape. good.
- the activated carbon of the present invention when used as a water purification filter, the activated carbon of the present invention can be provided as it is or molded into a desired shape and filled in a housing to provide a cartridge.
- the trihalomethane to be removed by the activated carbon of the present invention may be at least one of chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane, and bromoform, preferably chloroform.
- the liquid to be treated with the activated carbon of the present invention may be a liquid containing trihalomethane or a liquid that may contain trihalomethane.
- a liquid containing trihalomethane for example, tap water, industrial water, preferably tap water. mentioned.
- the activated carbon of the present invention since the activated carbon of the present invention has an excellent trihalomethane filtration ability even at high superficial velocity, it can be suitably used as a water purification filter for water flow treatment (filtration treatment) at high superficial velocity. In addition, it goes without saying that it can be used as a water purification filter for water flow treatment not only at high superficial velocity but also at low superficial velocity.
- the superficial velocity applied to the activated carbon of the present invention during water flow treatment is, for example, 500 h -1 or more, preferably 1000 to 4000 h -1 .
- the applied high superficial velocity is preferably 2000 to 4000 h -1 , more preferably 2000 to 3500 h -1 .
- the method for producing activated carbon of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the activated carbon satisfying the above-described pore volume A, pore volume B, and specific surface area satisfies the predetermined ranges.
- a manufacturing method includes a step of activating an activated carbon precursor containing 0.1 to 1.0% by mass of yttrium at a temperature of 925 to 940° C. in an atmosphere having a CO 2 concentration of 90% by volume or more.
- the production method will be described in detail by referring to it as "the production method of activated carbon of the present invention”.
- an activated carbon precursor containing 0.1 to 1.0% by mass of yttrium is heated at 925 to 940° C. using an activation gas containing 90% by volume or more of CO 2 , which reacts more slowly than steam.
- an activation gas containing 90% by volume or more of CO 2 which reacts more slowly than steam.
- the main raw material of the activated carbon precursor is not particularly limited, but examples include infusibilized or carbonized organic materials, infusible resins such as phenolic resins, and the like.
- examples of the organic material include polyacrylonitrile, pitch, polyvinyl alcohol, and cellulose.
- pitch is preferred from the viewpoint of the theoretical carbonization yield during carbonization, and coal pitch is particularly preferred among pitches.
- the yttrium to be contained in the activated carbon precursor may be yttrium alone, yttrium compounds, or mixtures thereof, preferably yttrium compounds.
- the yttrium compound examples include inorganic yttrium compounds such as yttrium oxide, yttrium hydroxide, yttrium halide, and yttrium sulfate; yttrium organic acid salts such as yttrium acetate; and organic yttrium compounds. mentioned. Among these yttrium compounds, the dispersibility of the yttrium compound in the activated carbon precursor is increased, and the pore volume A, pore volume B, and specific surface area described above are satisfied within suitable ranges for the obtained activated carbon. Organic yttrium compounds are preferred from the standpoint of ease of use.
- a suitable example of the organic yttrium compound is an yttrium complex having a ⁇ -diketone compound as a ligand. Examples of ⁇ -diketone type compounds include those having structures represented by the following formulas (1) to (3).
- R 12 and R 13 are the same or different and are an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms or It represents an alkenyl group of 1 to 11, more preferably an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and still more preferably a methyl group.
- R 11 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms.
- 11 alkenyl groups more preferably hydrogen atoms.
- R 21 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms.
- 11 alkenyl groups more preferably hydrogen atoms.
- R 22 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms.
- 11 alkenyl groups more preferably hydrogen atoms.
- R 23 is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, and An alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferred, and a methyl group is more preferred.
- R 31 and R 33 are the same or different and are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom or 1 to 11 carbon atoms. or an alkenyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom.
- R 32 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 11 carbon atoms. 11 alkenyl groups, more preferably hydrogen atoms.
- yttrium complexes having a ⁇ -diketone type compound as a ligand yttrium complexes having a ⁇ -diketone type compound represented by the above formula (1) as a ligand are preferred, more preferably trisacetylacetonatoitrium [acetylacetone ( and a compound in which R 11 and R 13 are methyl groups and R 12 is a hydrogen atom in the formula (1); and a yttrium complex in which three molecules are coordinated.
- the content of yttrium in the activated carbon precursor may be 0.1 to 1.0% by mass, preferably 0.15 to 1.0% by mass, more preferably 0.15 to 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0.20 to 0.25% by mass.
- the yttrium content in the activated carbon precursor is the yttrium element equivalent amount measured by an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.
- the CO 2 concentration of the atmosphere for activation may be 90% by volume or higher, preferably 95% by volume or higher, more preferably 99% by volume or higher.
- the reaction progresses slowly. Therefore, the higher the CO 2 concentration, the easier it is to adjust the pore size distribution, and the easier to obtain the activated carbon of the present invention.
- Components other than CO2 in the activation atmosphere include N2 , O2 , H2 , H2O and CO.
- the ambient temperature for activation may be 925 to 940°C, preferably 928 to 938°C, and more preferably 930 to 935°C.
- the activation time may be adjusted according to the main raw material of the activated carbon precursor, the content of the yttrium compound, the CO 2 concentration in the activation gas, etc. so as to obtain a predetermined pore size distribution and specific surface area.
- pitch having a softening point of 275° C. to 288° C. is used as the main raw material of the activated carbon precursor, and the content of the yttrium compound in the activated carbon precursor is 0.1 to 1.0 parts by mass. is 100% by volume
- the activation may be performed at an ambient temperature of 925 to 940° C. and for an activation time of 30 to 50 minutes.
- the activated carbon obtained after activation may, if necessary, be subjected to a cleaning treatment using an acid such as sulfuric acid.
- an acid such as sulfuric acid.
- Test method Yttrium content (% by mass) of activated carbon precursor (infusible pitch fiber) The pitch fiber was pulverized, and the yttrium content was determined as the yttrium element conversion ratio measured by an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (NEX DE manufactured by Rigaku Corporation).
- Iron content (% by mass) of activated carbon precursor (infusible pitch fiber) Pitch fibers were subjected to ashing treatment, the ash was dissolved in acid, and the ratio of iron element conversion measured by an ICP emission spectrometer (manufactured by Varian, model 715-ES) was determined as the iron content.
- Yttrium content of activated carbon (% by mass)
- the fibrous activated carbon was pulverized, and the ratio of yttrium element conversion measured by an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (NEX DE manufactured by Rigaku Corporation) was determined as the yttrium content.
- Iron content of activated carbon (% by mass) The fibrous activated carbon was subjected to ashing treatment, the ash was dissolved in acid, and the ratio of iron element conversion measured by an ICP emission spectrometer (manufactured by Varian, model 715-ES) was determined as the iron content.
- Pore volume (cc/g) and specific surface area (m 2 /g) The pore physical properties were measured from the nitrogen adsorption isotherm (relative pressure 0.02 to 0.995) at 77K using Quantachrome "AUTOSORB-1-MP". The specific surface area was calculated from the measurement point at a relative pressure of 0.1 by the BET method.
- the total pore volume and the pore volume in each pore size range described in Table 1 were obtained by applying N at 77K on carbon [slit pore, QSDFT equilibrium model] as a calculation model to the measured nitrogen desorption isotherm. Analysis was performed by calculating the pore size distribution.
- the pore volume in each pore size range shown in Table 1 is the read value of the graph showing the pore size distribution shown in FIGS. 1 to 6 or the value calculated from the read value. More specifically, the pore volume with a pore diameter of 0.65 nm or less is the read value of Cumulative Pore Volume (cc/g) when the horizontal axis Pore Width of the pore diameter distribution diagram is 0.65 nm.
- pore volume with a pore diameter of 0.8 nm or less, pore volume A with a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less, pore volume with a pore diameter of 1.5 nm or less, pore volume with a pore diameter of 2.0 nm or less, fine A pore volume with a pore diameter of 2.5 nm or less, a pore volume with a pore diameter of 3.0 nm or less, and a pore volume with a pore diameter of 3.5 nm or less were obtained.
- the pore volume B with a pore diameter in the range of 1.5 nm or more and 2.5 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume with a pore diameter of 1.5 nm or less from the pore volume with a pore diameter of 2.5 nm or less.
- the total pore volume the total pore volume obtained by the QSDFT method was used.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter of 2.0 nm or more was calculated by subtracting the pore volume with a pore diameter of 2.0 nm or less from the total pore volume obtained by the QSDFT method.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter of 2.5 nm or more was calculated by subtracting the pore volume with a pore diameter of 2.5 nm or less from the total pore volume obtained by the QSDFT method.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter of 3.5 nm or more was calculated by subtracting the pore volume with a pore diameter of 3.5 nm or less from the total pore volume obtained by the QSDFT method.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter in the range of 1.0 nm or more and 1.5 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume A with a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less from the pore volume with a pore diameter of 1.5 nm or less.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter in the range of 1.0 nm or more and 2.0 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume A with a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less from the pore volume with a pore diameter of 2.0 nm or less.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter in the range of 0.65 nm or more and 0.8 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume with a pore diameter of 0.65 nm or less from the pore volume with a pore diameter of 0.8 nm or less.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter in the range of 0.65 nm or more and 1.0 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume with a pore diameter of 0.65 nm or less from the pore volume A with a pore diameter of 1.0 nm or less.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter in the range of 0.8 nm or more and 1.5 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume with a pore diameter of 0.8 nm or less from the pore volume with a pore diameter of 1.5 nm or less.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter in the range of 2.0 nm or more and 3.0 nm or less was calculated by subtracting the pore volume with a pore diameter of 2.0 nm or less from the pore volume with a pore diameter of 3.0 nm or less.
- Fiber diameter of fibrous activated carbon ( ⁇ m) An image of a test piece of fibrous activated carbon viewed from the side was observed with an optical microscope (ECLIPSE E600 manufactured by Nikon Corporation) at a magnification of 40 times. ) (512 ⁇ 384). The photographed image was imported into image analysis software (Image-Pro Plus), and the width of the test piece was measured at an arbitrary position in the longitudinal direction. This was performed on 50 fibrous activated carbon fibers, and the average value of the widths of the 50 fibers was taken as the average fiber diameter.
- Chloroform filtration capacity (L/g) After drying the fibrous activated carbon in a dryer at 105°C for 2 hours or more, 3.0 g was sampled, beaten with a mixer, packed in a glass column (25 mm in diameter), and placed in an activated carbon column (filled height of activated carbon: 41 mm). made. Prepare test raw water with a chloroform concentration of 60 ⁇ 12 ppb based on the method specified in "6.4.4.1 Individual test" of JIS S 3201: 2019 "Household water purifier test method", water temperature 20 C. ⁇ 1.degree. C., and water was passed through the activated carbon column at a superficial velocity of 3000 h.sup. -1 .
- the chloroform concentrations in the test raw water and filtered water were measured by the headspace method using a non-radioactive electron capture detector (GC7000EN, manufactured by J Science Lab Co., Ltd.).
- the raw water for testing was continuously passed until the chloroform removal rate of the filtered water fell below 80%, and the water flow rate (L / g) at the time when the chloroform removal rate reached 80% was defined as the chloroform filtration capacity of the activated carbon. . If the water flow rate is 40 L/g or more at the time when the chloroform removal rate reaches 80%, it can be evaluated as having excellent chloroform filtering ability.
- the chloroform removal rate (%) was calculated according to the following formula. Further, the water flow amount at the time when the chloroform removal rate reaches 80% is the total amount of the filtered liquid which flows out from the activated carbon column and is collected by the time when the chloroform removal rate decreases to 80%.
- Tensile strength of fibrous activated carbon was measured according to "7.3.2 Tensile strength" of JIS K 1477:2007 “Fibrous activated carbon test method", using a tensile tester manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation (trade name SIMADZU EZ-SX) as a measuring instrument. was measured using Specifically, first, a test piece was produced by fixing both ends of one fibrous activated carbon to a test mount. A tensile test of the fibrous activated carbon was performed by attaching the test piece to a tensile tester and cutting the test mount of the test piece.
- the length of the test piece was set to 10.0 ⁇ 0.2 mm, and the tensile speed was set to 1 mm/min.
- the tensile strength was calculated by When the fibrous activated carbon has a tensile strength of 0.15 GPa or more, it can be evaluated as having high mechanical strength.
- Example 1 As an organic material, a mixture of 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280° C. and 1.0 part by mass of trisacetylacetonatoitrium (CAS number: 15554-47-9) is supplied to the melt extruder. Then, they were melt-blended at a melting temperature of 325° C. and spun to obtain pitch fibers. The obtained pitch fibers were heated in air from room temperature to 360° C. at a rate of 1 to 30° C./min for 70 minutes to obtain an infusible pitch fiber as an activated carbon precursor. In the activated carbon precursor, the yttrium content was 0.228% by mass and the iron content was 0% by mass.
- the obtained activated carbon precursor was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into an activation furnace and heat-treating it at an atmospheric temperature of 935° C. for 40 minutes to obtain a fibrous activated carbon.
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the metal content, pore volume, specific surface area, fiber diameter of fibrous activated carbon, chloroform filtering capacity and tensile strength of the obtained activated carbon.
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A of 0.238 cc/g for pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less, and a pore volume B of 0.169 cc/g for pore diameters in the range of 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm.
- the specific surface area was 1151 m 2 /g
- the yttrium content was 0.57% by mass
- the iron content was 0% by mass
- the average fiber diameter was 14.0 ⁇ m.
- the obtained activated carbon was washed with sulfuric acid.
- the yttrium content of the activated carbon after washing was 0.038% by mass. Moreover, the pore volume and specific surface area of the activated carbon after washing, the fiber diameter of the fibrous activated carbon, the chloroform filtering capacity and the tensile strength did not change from those before washing.
- Example 2 As an organic material, a mixture of 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280° C. and 1.0 part by mass of trisacetylacetonatoitrium (CAS number: 15554-47-9) is supplied to the melt extruder. Then, they were melt-blended at a melting temperature of 325° C. and spun to obtain pitch fibers. The obtained pitch fibers were heated in air from room temperature to 360° C. at a rate of 1 to 30° C./min for 70 minutes to obtain an infusible pitch fiber as an activated carbon precursor. The yttrium content in the activated carbon precursor was 0.228% by mass. The iron content was 0% by mass.
- the obtained activated carbon precursor was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into an activation furnace and heat-treating it at an atmospheric temperature of 930° C. for 40 minutes to obtain a fibrous activated carbon.
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the metal content, pore volume, specific surface area, fiber diameter of fibrous activated carbon, chloroform filtering capacity and tensile strength of the obtained activated carbon.
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A of 0.240 cc/g for pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less, and a pore volume B of 0.153 cc/g for pore diameters in the range of 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm.
- specific surface area 1097 m 2 /g
- yttrium content 0.53% by mass
- iron content of 0% by mass and average fiber diameter of 14.0 ⁇ m.
- the obtained activated carbon was washed with sulfuric acid.
- the yttrium content of the activated carbon after washing was 0.038% by mass. Moreover, the pore volume and specific surface area of the activated carbon after washing, the fiber diameter of the fibrous activated carbon, the chloroform filtering capacity and the tensile strength did not change from those before washing.
- Example 3 As an organic material, a mixture of 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280° C. and 1.0 part by mass of trisacetylacetonatoitrium (CAS number: 15554-47-9) is supplied to the melt extruder. Then, they were melt-blended at a melting temperature of 325° C. and spun to obtain pitch fibers. The obtained pitch fibers were heated in air from room temperature to 360° C. at a rate of 1 to 30° C./min for 70 minutes to obtain an infusible pitch fiber as an activated carbon precursor. The yttrium content in the activated carbon precursor was 0.232% by mass. The iron content was 0% by mass.
- the obtained activated carbon precursor was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into an activation furnace and heat-treating it at an atmospheric temperature of 930° C. for 40 minutes to obtain a fibrous activated carbon.
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the metal content, pore volume, specific surface area, fiber diameter of fibrous activated carbon, chloroform filtering capacity and tensile strength of the obtained activated carbon.
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A of 0.239 cc/g for pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less, and a pore volume B of 0.122 cc/g for pore diameters in the range of 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm.
- g a specific surface area of 1005 m 2 /g, an yttrium content of 0.44% by mass, an iron content of 0% by mass, and an average fiber diameter of 14.6 ⁇ m.
- the obtained activated carbon was washed with sulfuric acid.
- the yttrium content of the activated carbon after washing was 0.038% by mass. Moreover, the pore volume and specific surface area of the activated carbon after washing, the fiber diameter of the fibrous activated carbon, the chloroform filtering capacity and the tensile strength did not change from those before washing.
- Comparative example 1 As an organic material, a mixture of 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280° C. and 1.3 parts by mass of trisacetylacetonatoitrium (CAS number: 15554-47-9) is supplied to the melt extruder. Then, they were melt-blended at a melting temperature of 325° C. and spun to obtain pitch fibers. The obtained pitch fibers were heated in air from room temperature to 370° C. at a rate of 1 to 30° C./min for 60 minutes to perform an infusibilization treatment, thereby obtaining an activated carbon precursor as infusible pitch fibers. The yttrium content in the activated carbon precursor was 0.285 mass %. The iron content was 0% by mass.
- the obtained activated carbon precursor was activated by continuously introducing a gas having an H 2 O concentration of 100% by volume into an activation furnace and heat-treating it at an ambient temperature of 896° C. for 32 minutes to obtain a fibrous activated carbon. .
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the metal content, pore volume, specific surface area, fiber diameter of fibrous activated carbon, chloroform filtering capacity and tensile strength of the obtained activated carbon.
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A of 0.212 cc/g for pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less, and a pore volume B of 0.124 cc/g for pore diameters in the range of 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm.
- g a specific surface area of 993 m 2 /g, a yttrium content of 0.59% by mass, an iron content of 0% by mass, and an average fiber diameter of 17.4 ⁇ m.
- the obtained activated carbon was washed with sulfuric acid.
- the yttrium content of the activated carbon after washing was 0.038% by mass. Moreover, the pore volume and specific surface area of the activated carbon after washing, the fiber diameter of the fibrous activated carbon, the chloroform filtering capacity and the tensile strength did not change from those before washing.
- Comparative example 2 As an organic material, a mixture of 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280° C. and 1.0 part by mass of trisacetylacetonatoitrium (CAS number: 15554-47-9) is supplied to the melt extruder. Then, they were melt-blended at a melting temperature of 325° C. and spun to obtain pitch fibers. The obtained pitch fibers were heated in air from room temperature to 360° C. at a rate of 1 to 30° C./min for 70 minutes to obtain an infusible pitch fiber as an activated carbon precursor. The yttrium content in the activated carbon precursor was 0.234% by mass. The iron content was 0% by mass.
- the obtained activated carbon precursor was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into an activation furnace and heat-treating it at an atmospheric temperature of 915° C. for 40 minutes to obtain a fibrous activated carbon.
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the metal content, pore volume, specific surface area, fiber diameter of fibrous activated carbon, chloroform filtering capacity and tensile strength of the obtained activated carbon.
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A of 0.239 cc/g for pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less, and a pore volume B of 0.112 cc/g for pore diameters in the range of 1.5 nm to 2.5 nm.
- the specific surface area was 960 m 2 /g
- the yttrium content was 0.45% by mass
- the iron content was 0% by mass
- the average fiber diameter was 14.0 ⁇ m.
- the obtained activated carbon was washed with sulfuric acid.
- the yttrium content of the activated carbon after washing was 0.038% by mass. Moreover, the pore volume and specific surface area of the activated carbon after washing, the fiber diameter of the fibrous activated carbon, the chloroform filtering capacity and the tensile strength did not change from those before washing.
- Comparative example 3 As an organic material, a mixture of 100 parts by mass of granular coal pitch having a softening point of 280° C. and 0.9 parts by mass of tris(2,4-pentanedionato)iron (III) (metal type Fe) was melted. The mixture was supplied to an extruder, melt-mixed at a melting temperature of 320° C., and spun to obtain pitch fibers. The obtained pitch fibers were heated in air from normal temperature to 354° C. at a rate of 1 to 30° C./min for 54 minutes to perform an infusibilization treatment, thereby obtaining an activated carbon precursor as infusible pitch fibers. The content of iron (Fe) in the activated carbon precursor was 0.110% by mass.
- the obtained activated carbon precursor was activated by continuously introducing a gas having a CO 2 concentration of 100% by volume into an activation furnace and heat-treating it at an ambient temperature of 950° C. for 25 minutes to obtain a fibrous activated carbon.
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the metal content, pore volume, specific surface area, fiber diameter of fibrous activated carbon, chloroform filtering capacity and tensile strength of the obtained activated carbon.
- the obtained activated carbon has a pore volume A of 0.350 cc/g with pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less, and a pore volume B of 0.002 cc/g with pore diameters in the range of 1.5 nm or more and 2.5 nm or less.
- g a specific surface area of 988 m 2 /g, a yttrium content of 0% by mass, an iron content of 0.18% by mass, and an average fiber diameter of 13.9 ⁇ m.
- the obtained activated carbon was washed with sulfuric acid.
- the iron content of the activated carbon after washing was 0.038% by mass.
- the pore volume and specific surface area of the activated carbon after washing, the fiber diameter of the fibrous activated carbon, the chloroform filtering capacity and the tensile strength did not change from those before washing.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties of each fibrous activated carbon obtained.
- 1 to 6 show pore size distribution maps calculated by the QSDFT method for each activated carbon.
- the activated carbons of Examples 1 to 3 have a tensile strength of 0.15 GPa or more, have high mechanical strength, and further have a chloroform filtration capacity at a superficial velocity of 3000 h (80% chloroform removal rate The water flow rate at the time when it became low) was 40 L/g or more, and the chloroform filtration capacity under high superficial velocity was excellent.
- the pore volume with a pore diameter in the range of 1.0 nm or less among the pore volumes calculated by the SDFT method A is 0.23 cc/g or more and 0.25 cc/g or less; .12 cc/g to 0.19 cc/g and (3) a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 /g to 1200 m 2 /g, so that both high mechanical strength and excellent chloroform filtration ability can be achieved. Do you get it.
- the activated carbon of Comparative Example 1 has a pore volume A of pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less of less than 0.23 cc/g and a specific surface area of less than 1000 m 2 /g. , the filtration capacity of chloroform under high superficial velocity was inferior.
- the activated carbon of Comparative Example 2 has a pore volume B of less than 0.12 cc/g with a pore diameter in the range of 1.5 nm or more and 2.5 nm or less, and a specific surface area of less than 1000 m 2 /g. Therefore, the filtration capacity of chloroform under high superficial velocity was inferior.
- the activated carbon of Comparative Example 3 was inferior in mechanical strength due to the pore volume A of pore diameters in the range of 1.0 nm or less exceeding 0.25 cc/g.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
Description
項1. 窒素脱着等温線からQSDFT法によって算出される細孔容積の内、1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aが0.230cc/g以上0.250cc/g以下であり、
窒素脱着等温線からQSDFT法によって算出される細孔容積の内、1.5nm以上2.5nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Bが0.120cc/gを超え0.190cc/g以下であり、
比表面積が1000m2/g以上1200m2/g以下である、活性炭。
項2. 繊維状活性炭である、項1に記載の活性炭。
項3. 以下に示す空塔速度3000h-1の通水処理でのクロロホルムろ過能力が40L/g以上である、項1又は2に記載の活性炭。
<空塔速度3000h-1の通水処理でのクロロホルムろ過能力の測定方法>
乾燥させた活性炭3.0gを叩解し、ガラスカラム(直径25mm)に充填し、活性炭カラム(活性炭の充填高さは41mm)を作製する。クロロホルム濃度が60±12ppbの試験用原水を調製し、水温20℃±1℃に管理し、空塔速度3000h-1で前記活性炭カラムに通水する。試験用原水及び濾過水のクロロホルム濃度を、非放射線源式電子捕獲型検出器を使用してヘッドスペース法で測定し、クロロホルム除去率が80%になった時点での通水量(L/g)をクロロホルムろ過能力として求める。
項4. JIS K 1477:2007「繊維状活性炭試験方法」の「7.3.2 引張強度」に準じて測定される引張強度が0.15GPa以上である、項2に記載の活性炭。
項5. 項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭の製造方法であって、
イットリウムを0.1~1.0質量%含む活性炭前駆体を、CO2濃度が90容積%以上の雰囲気下、温度925~940℃で賦活する工程を含む、前記活性炭の製造方法。
項6. 項1~4のいずれかに記載の活性炭を含む、浄水フィルター。
項7. 項1~4のいずれかに記載の活性炭を用いる、水のろ過方法。
本発明において、活性炭の細孔径及びその細孔容積は、温度77Kにおいて測定した窒素脱着等温線(相対圧0.02~0.995)からQSDFT法(急冷固体密度汎関数法)によって算出される値である。QSDFT法とは、幾何学的・化学的に不規則なミクロポーラス・メソポーラスな炭素の細孔径解析を対象とし、約0.5nm~約40nmまでの細孔径分布の計算ができる解析手法である。QSDFT法では、細孔表面の粗さと不均一性による影響が明瞭に考慮されているため、細孔径分布解析の正確さが大幅に向上した手法である。本発明において、窒素脱着等温線の測定は、Quantachrome社製「AUTOSORB-1-MP」等のガス吸着量測定装置を使用すればよく、また、QSDFT法による細孔径分布解析は、計算モデルとしてN2 at 77K on carbon[slit pore,QSDFT equilibrium model]を適用すればよい。
本発明の活性炭において、比表面積は、1000m2/g以上1200m2/g以下である。比表面積を1000m2/g以上とすることにより、優れたトリハロメタンのろ過能力、特に高空塔速度下でも優れたトリハロメタンのろ過能力を備えさせることができる。また、比表面積を1200m2/g以下とすることにより、前述した細孔容積Aを0.230cc/g以上の範囲に充足させ易くすることができる。本発明の活性炭の比表面積として、トリハロメタンのろ過能力、特に高空塔速度下でのトリハロメタンのろ過能力をより一層向上させるという観点から、好ましくは1000m2/g以上1180m2/g以下、より好ましくは1050m2/g以上1180m2/g以下、更に好ましくは1080m2/g以上1160m2/g以下が挙げられる。本発明において、活性炭の比表面積は、窒素を被吸着物質として用いたBET法(相対圧0.1を測定点とする1点法)により求められる値である。
本発明の活性炭の由来となる原料(活性炭前駆体の主原料)については、特に限定されないが、例えば、植物系の炭素質前駆体(例えば、竹、木材、おが屑、木炭、ヤシ殻やクルミ殻などの果実殻、果実種子等の植物由来の材料)、鉱物系の炭素質前駆体(例えば、泥炭、亜炭、褐炭、瀝青炭、無煙炭、コークス、コールタール等の鉱物由来の材料)、不融化或いは炭素化した有機質材料、フェノール樹脂等の不融性樹脂等が挙げられる。前記有機質材料としては、具体的には、ポリアクリロニトリル、ピッチ、ポリビニルアルコール、セルロース等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、本発明の活性炭は、ピッチに由来することが好ましく、石炭ピッチに由来することがより好ましい。
本発明の活性炭の一実施形態では、活性炭中にイットリウムが含まれる。後述するように、本発明の活性炭の好適な製造方法では、イットリウム化合物を含む活性炭前駆体を賦活する工程を含んでおり、当該製造方法で得られる活性炭には、活性炭前駆体中のイットリウム化合物に由来するイットリウムが含まれる。本発明の活性炭の一実施形態において含まれるイットリウムは、イットリウム単体の状態、イットリウム化合物の状態、又はこれらが混在した状態であり得る。本発明の活性炭の一実施形態において、イットリウムの含有量としては、例えば、0.001~1.0質量%、好ましくは0.01~0.8質量%、より好ましくは0.4~0.6質量%が挙げられる。活性炭中のイットリウムの含有量は、エネルギー分散型蛍光X線分析装置によってイットリウム元素の含有量を測定することにより求められる。また、本発明の活性炭にイットリウムが含まれる場合、洗浄によってイットリウム含有量を低減させることができる。洗浄によりイットリウム含有量を低減させても、本発明の活性炭の機械的強度とトリハロメタンのろ過能力は影響を受けない。
本発明の活性炭の形態については、特に限定されないが、例えば、繊維状、粒状、粉末状等が挙げられる。フィルターに加工して用いる場合の加工性や浄水器で使用する場合のトリハロメタンの吸着速度等の観点から、繊維状活性炭であることが好ましい。
本発明の活性炭は、前述する細孔容積A、細孔容積B、及び比表面積が所定の範囲を充足することにより、優れたトリハロメタンのろ過能力、特に高空塔速度下でも優れたトリハロメタンのろ過能力を備えることができる。
<空塔速度3000h-1の通水処理でのクロロホルムろ過能力の測定方法>
乾燥させた活性炭3.0gを叩解し、ガラスカラム(直径25mm)に充填し、活性炭カラム(活性炭の充填高さは41mm)を作製する。クロロホルム濃度が60±12ppbの試験用原水を調製し、水温20℃±1℃に管理し、空塔速度3000h-1で前記活性炭カラムに通水する。試験用原水及び濾過水のクロロホルム濃度を、非放射線源式電子捕獲型検出器を使用してヘッドスペース法で測定し、クロロホルム除去率が80%になった時点での通水量(L/g)をクロロホルムろ過能力として求める。クロロホルム除去率(%)は、下記式に従って算出する。クロロホルム除去率が80%になった時点での通水量とは、クロロホルム除去率が80%に低下した時点までに、活性炭カラムから流出して回収された濾過液の総量である。クロロホルムろ過能力の測定方法の詳細は、実施例の欄に記載の通りである。
本発明の活性炭は、前述する細孔容積A、細孔容積B、及び比表面積が所定の範囲を充足することにより、高い機械的強度を備えることができる。
本発明の活性炭の用途については、特に限定されないが、浄水用途に使用することが好ましい。特に、本発明の活性炭は、優れたトリハロメタンのろ過能力を有しているので、トリハロメタンを含む液体、又はトリハロメタンを含んでいる可能性がある液体から、トリハロメタンを除去するための浄水フィルターとして好適に使用される。
本発明の活性炭の製造方法については、前述する細孔容積A、細孔容積B、及び比表面積が所定の範囲を充足する活性炭が得られることを限度として特に限定されないが、好適な一例として、イットリウムを0.1~1.0質量%含む活性炭前駆体を、CO2濃度が90容積%以上の雰囲気下、温度925~940℃で賦活する工程を含む製造方法が挙げられる。以下、当該製造方法を「本発明の活性炭の製造方法」と評しして詳細に説明する。
(1)活性炭前駆体(不融化したピッチ繊維)のイットリウム含有量(質量%)
ピッチ繊維を粉砕し、エネルギー分散型蛍光X線分析装置(株式会社リガク社製NEX DE)により測定されるイットリウム元素換算の割合をイットリウム含有量として求めた。
ピッチ繊維を灰化処理し、灰分を酸に溶解しICP発光分光分析装置(Varian社製型式715-ES)により測定される鉄元素換算の割合を鉄含有量として求めた。
繊維状活性炭を粉砕し、エネルギー分散型蛍光X線分析装置(株式会社リガク社製NEX DE)により測定されるイットリウム元素換算の割合をイットリウム含有量として求めた。
繊維状活性炭を灰化処理し、灰分を酸に溶解しICP発光分光分析装置(Varian社製型式715-ES)により測定される鉄元素換算の割合を鉄含有量として求めた。
細孔物性値は、Quantachrome社製「AUTOSORB-1-MP」を用いて77Kにおける窒素吸着等温線(相対圧0.02~0.995)より測定した。比表面積はBET法によって相対圧0.1の測定点から計算した。全細孔容積及び表1に記載した各細孔径範囲における細孔容積は、測定した窒素脱着等温線に対し、Calculation modelとしてN2 at 77K on carbon[slit pore,QSDFT equilibrium model]を適用して細孔径分布を計算することで、解析した。具体的には、表1に記載した各細孔径範囲における細孔容積は、図1~図6に示した細孔径分布を示すグラフの読み取り値又は該読み取り値から計算される値である。より具体的には、細孔径0.65nm以下の細孔容積は、細孔径分布図の横軸Pore Widthが0.65nmにおけるCumulative Pore Volume(cc/g)の読み取り値である。同様にして、細孔径0.8nm以下の細孔容積、細孔径1.0nm以下の細孔容積A、細孔径1.5nm以下の細孔容積、細孔径2.0nm以下の細孔容積、細孔径2.5nm以下の細孔容積、細孔径3.0nm以下の細孔容積、細孔径3.5nm以下の細孔容積を得た。細孔径1.5nm以上2.5nm以下の範囲の細孔容積Bは、上記細孔径2.5nm以下の細孔容積から上記細孔径1.5nm以下の細孔容積を減ずることで計算した。全細孔容積は、QSDFT法により得られる全細孔容積を用いた。細孔径2.0nm以上の細孔容積は、QSDFT法により得られる全細孔容積から上記細孔径2.0nm以下の細孔容積を減ずることで計算した。細孔径2.5nm以上の細孔容積は、QSDFT法により得られる全細孔容積から上記細孔径2.5nm以下の細孔容積を減ずることで計算した。細孔径3.5nm以上の細孔容積は、QSDFT法により得られる全細孔容積から上記細孔径3.5nm以下の細孔容積を減ずることで計算した。1.0nm以上1.5nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積は、上記細孔径1.5nm以下の細孔容積から上記細孔径1.0nm以下の細孔容積Aを減ずることで計算した。1.0nm以上2.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積は、上記細孔径2.0nm以下の細孔容積から上記細孔径1.0nm以下の細孔容積Aを減ずることで計算した。0.65nm以上0.8nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積は、上記細孔径0.8nm以下の細孔容積から上記細孔径0.65nm以下の細孔容積を減ずることで計算した。0.65nm以上1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積は、上記細孔径1.0nm以下の細孔容積Aから上記細孔径0.65nm以下の細孔容積を減ずることで計算した。0.8nm以上1.5nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積は、上記細孔径1.5nm以下の細孔容積から上記細孔径0.8nm以下の細孔容積を減ずることで計算した。2.0nm以上3.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積は、上記細孔径3.0nm以下の細孔容積から上記細孔径2.0nm以下の細孔容積を減ずることで計算した。
繊維状活性炭1本の試験片を側面から見た像を光学顕微鏡(Nikon社製ECLIPSE E600)で倍率40倍の条件で観察し、当該顕微鏡に取り付けた顕微鏡用カメラシステム(Motic社製Moticam Pro 252A)(512×384)で撮影した。撮影した画像を画像解析ソフト(Image-Pro Plus)に取り込み、当該試験片の長さ方向の任意の位置における幅を測定した。これを繊維状活性炭50本について行い、当該50本の幅の平均値を平均繊維径とした。
繊維状活性炭を105℃の乾燥機で2時間以上乾燥後、3.0gを採取し、ミキサーで叩解した後にガラスカラム(直径25mm)に充填し、活性炭カラム(活性炭の充填高さは41mm)を作製した。JIS S 3201:2019「家庭用浄水器試験方法」の「6.4.4.1 個別試験」に規定されている方法に基づいてクロロホルム濃度が60±12ppbの試験用原水を調製し、水温20℃±1℃に管理し、空塔速度3000h-1で活性炭カラムに通水した。試験用原水及び濾過水のクロロホルム濃度は、非放射線源式電子捕獲型検出器(GC7000EN、株式会社ジェイ・サイエンス・ラボ製)を使用しヘッドスペース法で測定した。濾過水のクロロホルム除去率が80%を下回るまで連続して試験用原水を通水し、クロロホルム除去率が80%になった時点での通水量(L/g)を活性炭のクロロホルムろ過能力とした。クロロホルム除去率が80%になった時点での通水量が40L/g以上である場合には、優れたクロロホルムろ過能力を有していると評価できる。なお、クロロホルム除去率(%)は、下記式に従って算出した。また、クロロホルム除去率が80%になった時点での通水量とは、クロロホルム除去率が80%に低下した時点までに、活性炭カラムから流出して回収された濾過液の総量である。
引張強度をJIS K 1477:2007「繊維状活性炭試験方法」の「7.3.2 引張強度」に準じ、測定器として株式会社島津製作所社製の引張試験機(商品名SIMADZU EZ-SX)を用いて測定した。具体的には、先ず、繊維状活性炭1本の両端を試験用台紙に固定することにより試験片を作製した。試験片を引張試験機に取り付けて試験片の試験用台紙をカットして繊維状活性炭の引張試験を実施した。引張試験では、試験片の長さ10.0±0.2mm、引張速度1mm/分に設定して行った。繊維状活性炭の切断時に加えた力(N)を、前述した平均繊維径を基に計算される繊維断面積(mm2)で除して、単位をGPaに換算(1GPa=1000N/mm2)することにより引張強度を算出した。繊維状活性炭の引張強度が0.15GPa以上である場合には、高い機械的強度を有していると評価できる。
実施例1
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:15554-47-9)1.0質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度325℃で溶融混合して紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から360℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で70分間昇温することにより不融化処理を行い、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。当該活性炭前駆体において、イットリウムの含有量は0.228質量%であり、鉄の含有量は0質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:15554-47-9)1.0質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度325℃で溶融混合して紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から360℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で70分間昇温することにより不融化処理を行い、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。当該活性炭前駆体において、イットリウムの含有量は0.228質量%であった。鉄の含有量は0質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:15554-47-9)1.0質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度325℃で溶融混合して紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から360℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で70分間昇温することにより不融化処理を行い、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。当該活性炭前駆体において、イットリウムの含有量は0.232質量%であった。鉄の含有量は0質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:15554-47-9)1.3質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度325℃で溶融混合して紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から370℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で60分間昇温することにより不融化処理を行い、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、イットリウムの含有量は0.285質量%であった。鉄の含有量は0質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してトリスアセチルアセトナトイットリウム(CAS番号:15554-47-9)1.0質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度325℃で溶融混合して紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から360℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で70分間昇温することにより不融化処理を行い、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、イットリウムの含有量は0.234質量%であった。鉄の含有量は0質量%であった。
有機質材料として、軟化点が280℃の粒状石炭ピッチ100質量部に対してトリス(2,4-ペンタンジオナト)鉄(III)(金属種Fe)0.9質量部を混合したものを、溶融押出機に供給し、溶融温度320℃で溶融混合して紡糸することによりピッチ繊維を得た。得られたピッチ繊維を空気中常温から354℃まで1~30℃/分の割合で54分間昇温することにより不融化処理を行い、不融化されたピッチ繊維である活性炭前駆体を得た。該活性炭前駆体において、鉄(Fe)の含有量は0.110質量%であった。
得られた各繊維状活性炭の物性等を表1に示す。また、図1~6に各活性炭のQSDFT法によって算出される細孔径分布図を示す。
Claims (7)
- 窒素脱着等温線からQSDFT法によって算出される細孔容積の内、1.0nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Aが0.230cc/g以上0.250cc/g以下であり、
窒素脱着等温線からQSDFT法によって算出される細孔容積の内、1.5nm以上2.5nm以下の範囲の細孔径の細孔容積Bが0.120cc/gを超え0.190cc/g以下であり、
比表面積が1000m2/g以上1200m2/g以下である、活性炭。 - 繊維状活性炭である、請求項1に記載の活性炭。
- 以下に示す空塔速度3000h-1の通水処理でのクロロホルムろ過能力が40L/g以上である、請求項1に記載の活性炭。
<空塔速度3000h-1の通水処理でのクロロホルムろ過能力の測定方法>
乾燥させた活性炭3.0gを叩解し、ガラスカラム(直径25mm)に充填し、活性炭カラム(活性炭の充填高さは41mm)を作製する。クロロホルム濃度が60±12ppbの試験用原水を調製し、水温20℃±1℃に管理し、空塔速度3000h-1で前記活性炭カラムに通水する。試験用原水及び濾過水のクロロホルム濃度を、非放射線源式電子捕獲型検出器を使用してヘッドスペース法で測定し、クロロホルム除去率が80%になった時点での通水量(L/g)をクロロホルムろ過能力として求める。 - JIS K 1477:2007「繊維状活性炭試験方法」の「7.3.2 引張強度」に準じて測定される引張強度が0.15GPa以上である、請求項2に記載の活性炭。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の活性炭の製造方法であって、
イットリウムを0.1~1.0質量%含む活性炭前駆体を、CO2濃度が90容積%以上の雰囲気下、温度925~940℃で賦活する工程を含む、前記活性炭の製造方法。 - 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の活性炭を含む、浄水フィルター。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の活性炭を用いる、水のろ過方法。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP22864218.7A EP4400478A1 (en) | 2021-09-06 | 2022-08-10 | Activated carbon |
JP2023545408A JPWO2023032633A1 (ja) | 2021-09-06 | 2022-08-10 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2021144910 | 2021-09-06 | ||
JP2021-144910 | 2021-09-06 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2023032633A1 true WO2023032633A1 (ja) | 2023-03-09 |
Family
ID=85412205
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2022/030637 WO2023032633A1 (ja) | 2021-09-06 | 2022-08-10 | 活性炭 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP4400478A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2023032633A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2023032633A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7580864B1 (ja) | 2023-01-25 | 2024-11-12 | ユニチカ株式会社 | フィルター |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105217625A (zh) * | 2015-09-16 | 2016-01-06 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | 以弱粘结性煤为主料配煤制备的压块活性炭及制法和应用 |
WO2017213057A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-14 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 電気二重層キャパシタ電極用の多孔質炭素材料、その製造方法および電気二重層キャパシタ電極 |
WO2018116859A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-28 | 株式会社アドール | 活性炭及びその製造方法 |
WO2019244903A1 (ja) | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-26 | 株式会社アドール | 活性炭 |
-
2022
- 2022-08-10 EP EP22864218.7A patent/EP4400478A1/en active Pending
- 2022-08-10 WO PCT/JP2022/030637 patent/WO2023032633A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2022-08-10 JP JP2023545408A patent/JPWO2023032633A1/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105217625A (zh) * | 2015-09-16 | 2016-01-06 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | 以弱粘结性煤为主料配煤制备的压块活性炭及制法和应用 |
WO2017213057A1 (ja) * | 2016-06-06 | 2017-12-14 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 電気二重層キャパシタ電極用の多孔質炭素材料、その製造方法および電気二重層キャパシタ電極 |
WO2018116859A1 (ja) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-28 | 株式会社アドール | 活性炭及びその製造方法 |
WO2019244903A1 (ja) | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-26 | 株式会社アドール | 活性炭 |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
no. 15554-47-9 |
VELASCO LETICIA F.; GUILLET-NICOLAS RéMY; DOBOS GáBOR; THOMMES MATTHIAS; LODEWYCKX PETER: "Towards a better understanding of water adsorption hysteresis in activated carbons by scanning isotherms", CARBON, ELSEVIER OXFORD, GB, vol. 96, 20 October 2015 (2015-10-20), GB , pages 753 - 758, XP029314433, ISSN: 0008-6223, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.10.017 * |
YOSHIKAWA YASUNORI; TESHIMA KATSUYA; FUTAMURA RYUSUKE; TANAKA HIDEKI; IIYAMA TAKU; KANEKO KATSUMI: "Structural adsorption mechanism of chloroform in narrow micropores of pitch-based activated carbon fibres", CARBON, ELSEVIER OXFORD, GB, vol. 171, 18 August 2020 (2020-08-18), GB , pages 681 - 688, XP086397843, ISSN: 0008-6223, DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2020.08.020 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7580864B1 (ja) | 2023-01-25 | 2024-11-12 | ユニチカ株式会社 | フィルター |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4400478A1 (en) | 2024-07-17 |
JPWO2023032633A1 (ja) | 2023-03-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP6683968B1 (ja) | 活性炭 | |
Heidari et al. | Evaluation of CO2 adsorption with eucalyptus wood based activated carbon modified by ammonia solution through heat treatment | |
JP6379325B1 (ja) | 活性炭及びその製造方法 | |
Cheung et al. | Characteristics of chemical modified activated carbons from bamboo scaffolding | |
Xiong et al. | A 3D titanate aerogel with cellulose as the adsorption-aggregator for highly efficient water purification | |
JP6379324B1 (ja) | 活性炭及びその製造方法 | |
JPS5976535A (ja) | 収着剤およびその製造法 | |
US20090036302A1 (en) | Process for producing nanoporous carbide derived carbon with large specific surface area | |
JP2022132348A (ja) | 活性炭及びその製造方法 | |
JP2007296463A (ja) | ヒドロキシアパタイトシリカ複合多孔質体吸着剤およびその製造方法 | |
JP2016030697A (ja) | 吸着性能に優れた活性炭、およびその製造方法 | |
Krishnankutty et al. | Effect of pretreatment on surface area, porosity, and adsorption properties of a carbon black | |
WO2023032633A1 (ja) | 活性炭 | |
Liu et al. | Biochar with nanoparticle incorporation and pore engineering enables enhanced heavy metals removal | |
Duan et al. | Fabrication and CO2 capture performance of silicon carbide derived carbons from polysiloxane | |
JP6719709B2 (ja) | 活性炭 | |
CN111247097B (zh) | 活性炭及该活性炭的制备方法 | |
WO2003033135A1 (fr) | Fibre de carbone active pour eliminer des composes organochlores | |
KR20210021451A (ko) | 활성탄 | |
JPWO2018181778A1 (ja) | 活性炭の製造方法 | |
JP7300124B2 (ja) | トリハロメタン除去用活性炭およびその製造方法 | |
TWI865428B (zh) | 活性碳之製造方法 | |
JP7103642B2 (ja) | 脱臭材及び脱臭シート | |
JP6471256B1 (ja) | 脱臭材及び脱臭シート | |
WO2024262562A1 (ja) | 吸着剤、浄水フィルタ及び浄水器 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 22864218 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18683802 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023545408 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2022864218 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022864218 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20240408 |