WO2022038835A1 - リチウム2次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム2次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022038835A1 WO2022038835A1 PCT/JP2021/016226 JP2021016226W WO2022038835A1 WO 2022038835 A1 WO2022038835 A1 WO 2022038835A1 JP 2021016226 W JP2021016226 W JP 2021016226W WO 2022038835 A1 WO2022038835 A1 WO 2022038835A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- lithium
- secondary battery
- negative electrode
- lithium secondary
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 352
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 241
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000790 scattering method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 196
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 45
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 134
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 45
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 24
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 23
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- -1 lithium metals Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 12
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Inorganic materials [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Inorganic materials [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018071 Li 2 O 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910012424 LiSO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZNBGTBKGFZMWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluoro-5-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)pentane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)OCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)F ZNBGTBKGFZMWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)propane Chemical compound FC(F)C(F)(F)COC(F)(F)C(F)F HCBRSIIGBBDDCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQQZRZQVBFHBHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12-crown-4 Chemical compound C1COCCOCCOCCO1 XQQZRZQVBFHBHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethoxypropane Chemical compound COC(C)(C)OC HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AWCKLOPZHLHTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-carbamimidoyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)butoxy]-3-methoxybenzenecarboximidamide Chemical compound COC1=CC(C(N)=N)=CC=C1OCCCCOC1=CC=C(C(N)=N)C=C1OC AWCKLOPZHLHTAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chloro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound ClC1COC(=O)O1 OYOKPDLAMOMTEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010710 LiFePO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015720 LiNi0.85Co0.12Al0.03O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182556 Polyacetal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K cobalt(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Co+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GIPIUENNGCQCIT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003682 fluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGPPDNUWZNWPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N flurotyl Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COCC(F)(F)F KGPPDNUWZNWPSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical class [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium sulfide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[S-2] GLNWILHOFOBOFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002627 poly(phosphazenes) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
- H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/497—Ionic conductivity
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium secondary battery.
- a secondary battery that charges and discharges by moving metal ions between a positive electrode and a negative electrode is known to exhibit high voltage and high energy density, and is typically a lithium ion secondary battery. It has been known.
- an active material capable of holding lithium is introduced into the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and charging / discharging is performed by exchanging lithium ions between the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material.
- a lithium metal secondary battery that holds lithium by precipitating lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode has been developed.
- Patent Document 1 describes a high energy density, high power lithium metal anode having a volumetric energy density of greater than 1000 Wh / L and / or a mass energy density of greater than 350 Wh / kg when discharged at room temperature at a rate of at least 1 C. Secondary batteries are disclosed. Patent Document 1 discloses the use of an ultrathin lithium metal anode in order to realize such a lithium metal anode secondary battery.
- Patent Document 2 in a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separation film interposed between them, and an electrolyte, in the negative electrode, metal particles are formed on a negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode is charged.
- a lithium secondary battery that is moved from the positive electrode and forms a lithium metal on the negative electrode current collector in the negative electrode is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 provides a lithium secondary battery in which such a lithium secondary battery solves a problem caused by the reactivity of a lithium metal and a problem generated in the assembly process, and has improved performance and life. Discloses what can be done.
- a typical secondary battery that charges and discharges by exchanging metal ions between a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material does not have sufficient energy density.
- a conventional lithium metal secondary battery that holds lithium by precipitating lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode as described in the above patent document has a dendrite shape on the surface of the negative electrode by repeating charging and discharging. Lithium metal is likely to be formed, and short circuit and capacity reduction are likely to occur. As a result, the cycle characteristics are not sufficient. Further, since the lithium metal secondary battery as described above tends to increase the internal resistance by repeating charging and discharging, the rate characteristic also deteriorates.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery having a high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics or rate characteristics.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present invention is formed on a positive electrode, a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material, a separator arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a surface of the separator facing the negative electrode. It is provided with a buffering functional layer having a fibrous or porous ionic conductivity, and the positive electrode causes an oxidation reaction with the positive electrode active material in the charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material, and substantially performs a reduction reaction.
- the particle size D 50 (S) corresponding to the cumulative degree of 50% of the lithium-containing compound is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method, including the lithium-containing compound that does not occur.
- the particle size D 95 (S) corresponding to the cumulative degree of 95% of the lithium-containing compound is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the cushioning functional layer of the lithium secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present invention functions as a buffering layer for relaxing or suppressing the volume expansion of the battery due to charging / discharging in the lithium secondary battery.
- the above-mentioned lithium secondary battery has the above-mentioned lithium-containing compound as a sacrificial positive electrode agent in the positive electrode.
- the sacrificial positive electrode agent as described above causes an oxidation reaction (that is, releases lithium ions) during the initial charge of the lithium secondary battery, while substantially does not cause a reduction reaction (that is, discharge) during the subsequent discharge.
- the previous lithium-containing compound is not formed.
- the lithium element derived from the lithium-containing compound remains as a lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode.
- the sacrificial positive electrode agent has a particle diameter D 50 (S) corresponding to a cumulative degree of 50% having a particle diameter D 50 (S) of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, and the cumulative degree is 95%.
- the corresponding particle size D 95 (S) is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the sacrificial positive electrode agent having such a particle size can make the lithium metal deposited on the surface of the negative electrode more uniform while maintaining its interfacial resistance low.
- the lithium metals uniformly deposited on the surface of the negative electrode are not dissolved at the time of discharge, and some lithium metals remain on the surface of the negative electrode even after the discharge is completed. It is thought that. Since the residual lithium metal serves as a scaffold for further lithium metal to be deposited on the surface of the negative electrode during the subsequent charging, the lithium metal is more likely to be deposited more uniformly on the surface of the negative electrode during the charging. Therefore, in the above-mentioned lithium secondary battery, the growth of dendrite-like lithium metal on the negative electrode is suppressed, and the cycle characteristics are excellent.
- the lithium secondary battery according to another embodiment of the present invention has a positive electrode, a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material, a separator arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a surface of the separator facing the negative electrode.
- the formed fiber-like or porous buffer functional layer having ionic conductivity is provided, and the positive electrode causes an oxidation reaction with the positive electrode active material in the charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material, and a reduction reaction.
- D 50 in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method, which contains a lithium-containing compound that substantially does not generate A) is 5.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less
- D 50 (A) / D 50 (S) which is the particle size ratio of D 50 (A) of the positive electrode active material to D 50 (S) of the lithium-containing compound, is It is 2.0 or more and 10.0 or less.
- Such a lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material, a buffer function layer, and a lithium-containing compound as a sacrificial positive electrode agent, the energy density is high and the cycle characteristics are excellent for the same reason as described above. ..
- the lithium-containing compound used as the sacrificial positive electrode agent has a lower electrical conductivity than the positive electrode active material, when the sacrificial positive electrode agent is added to the positive electrode, the internal resistance of the entire positive electrode tends to increase.
- the D 50 (A) of the positive electrode active material is 5.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method, and the lithium-containing compound D 50 (S).
- the particle size ratio of D 50 (A) of the positive electrode active material, D 50 (A) / D 50 (S) is 2.0 or more and 10.0 or less, so that contact between the positive electrode active materials is sacrificed. As a result, the electrical conductivity in the positive electrode is high. Therefore, the above-mentioned lithium secondary battery has a sufficiently small internal resistance in the positive electrode and is excellent in rate characteristics.
- the above-mentioned lithium secondary having a positive electrode active material D 50 (A) of 5.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less and a particle size ratio D 50 (A) / D 50 (S) of 2.0 or more and 10.0 or less.
- the lithium-containing compound D 50 (S) is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. According to such an embodiment, the lithium metal deposited on the surface of the negative electrode becomes more uniform, and the dendrite-like lithium metal can be suppressed from being deposited on the negative electrode, so that the cycle characteristics are further improved.
- the above-mentioned lithium secondary having a positive electrode active material D 50 (A) of 5.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less and a particle size ratio D 50 (A) / D 50 (S) of 2.0 or more and 10.0 or less.
- the electrode density of the positive electrode is preferably 3.0 g / cc or more. According to such an aspect, the capacity of the lithium secondary battery can be further increased.
- the lithium secondary battery contains the sacrificial positive electrode agent in an amount of 1.0% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode. According to such an embodiment, the effect of the sacrificial positive electrode agent described above is more effectively and reliably exerted, so that the cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery are further improved.
- the ratio of the irreversible capacity of the lithium-containing compound is preferably 1.0% or more and 30% or less with respect to the cell capacity of the lithium secondary battery. According to such an embodiment, the amount of residual lithium remaining on the surface of the negative electrode after the completion of discharge becomes a more appropriate amount, so that the cycle characteristics and energy density of the lithium secondary battery are further improved.
- the porosity of the buffer function layer is preferably 50% or more. According to such an embodiment, the effect of the buffer function layer described above is more effectively and reliably exerted, so that the cycle characteristics and energy density of the lithium secondary battery are further improved.
- the cushioning function layer preferably has further electrical conductivity.
- the cushioning functional layer having fibrous or porous ionic conductivity and electrical conductivity is not only on the surface of the negative electrode. Since the lithium metal can be deposited even inside, the surface area of the reaction field of the lithium metal precipitation reaction is increased, and the reaction rate of the lithium metal precipitation reaction is moderately controlled. As a result, the growth of dendrite-like lithium metal on the negative electrode is further suppressed, and the cycle characteristics of the battery tend to be further improved.
- the sacrificial positive electrode agent is preferably a compound containing Fe. According to such an embodiment, the effect of the sacrificial positive electrode agent described above is more effectively and reliably exerted, so that the cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery are further improved.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a lithium secondary battery having a high energy density and excellent cycle characteristics or rate characteristics.
- the present embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as necessary.
- the same elements are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description will be omitted.
- the positional relationship such as up, down, left, and right shall be based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified.
- the dimensional ratios in the drawings are not limited to the ratios shown.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a lithium secondary battery according to the first embodiment.
- the lithium secondary battery 100 of the first embodiment has a positive electrode 110, a negative electrode 140 having no negative electrode active material, and a separator 120 arranged between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 140. And a buffer function layer 130 formed on the surface of the negative electrode 140 facing the separator 120.
- the positive electrode 110 has a positive electrode current collector 150 on a surface opposite to the surface facing the separator 120.
- the negative electrode 140 does not have a negative electrode active material.
- the "negative electrode active material” is a substance that causes an electrode reaction, that is, an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction at the negative electrode.
- examples of the negative electrode active material of the present embodiment include a lithium metal and a host material of a lithium element (lithium ion or lithium metal).
- the host substance of the lithium element means a substance provided for holding lithium ions or lithium metal in the negative electrode.
- the mechanism of such holding is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include intercalation, alloying, and occlusion of metal clusters, and typically, intercalation.
- the negative electrode does not have a negative electrode active material before the initial charge of the battery, lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode, and the deposited lithium metal is electrolyzed to charge and discharge. Is done. Therefore, in the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment, the volume occupied by the negative electrode active material and the mass of the negative electrode active material are reduced, and the volume and mass of the entire battery are smaller than those of the lithium secondary battery having the negative electrode active material. Therefore, the energy density is high in principle.
- the negative electrode 140 does not have a negative electrode active material before the initial charge of the battery, lithium metal is deposited on the negative electrode by charging the battery, and the deposited lithium metal is deposited by the discharge of the battery. Elutes electrolytically. Therefore, in the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment, the negative electrode acts as a negative electrode current collector.
- the lithium secondary battery 100 of the present embodiment Comparing the lithium secondary battery 100 of the present embodiment with a lithium ion battery (LIB) and a lithium metal battery (LMB), they differ in the following points.
- a lithium ion battery (LIB) the negative electrode has a host substance of a lithium element (lithium ion or lithium metal), the substance is filled with the lithium element by charging the battery, and the host substance releases the lithium element to form a battery. Is discharged.
- the LIB differs from the lithium secondary battery 100 of the present embodiment in that the negative electrode has a host substance of a lithium element.
- a lithium metal battery (LMB) is manufactured by using an electrode having a lithium metal on its surface or a lithium metal alone as a negative electrode.
- the LMB differs from the lithium secondary battery 100 of the present embodiment in that the negative electrode has a lithium metal which is a negative electrode active material immediately after assembling the battery, that is, before the initial charge of the battery.
- the LMB uses an electrode containing a highly flammable and highly reactive lithium metal for its production, but the lithium secondary battery 100 of the present embodiment uses a negative electrode having no lithium metal, so that it is safer and more productive. It is excellent in.
- the negative electrode has no negative electrode active material means that the negative electrode 140 has no negative electrode active material or substantially no negative electrode active material.
- the fact that the negative electrode 140 does not substantially have the negative electrode active material means that the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode 140 is 10% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode.
- the content of the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode is preferably 5.0% by mass or less, 1.0% by mass or less, or 0.1% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode 140. It may be 0.0% by mass or less.
- “before the initial charge” of the battery means the state from the time when the battery is assembled to the time when the battery is charged for the first time. Further, “at the end of discharge” of the battery means a state in which the voltage of the battery is 1.0 V or more and 3.8 V or less, preferably 1.0 V or more and 3.0 V or less.
- the term "lithium secondary battery having a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material” means that the negative electrode 140 does not have a negative electrode active material before the initial charge of the battery. Therefore, the phrase “negative electrode without negative electrode active material” includes “negative electrode without negative electrode active material before the initial charge of the battery” and “negative electrode active material other than lithium metal regardless of the state of charge of the battery”. However, it may be paraphrased as "a negative electrode having no lithium metal before the initial charge” or "a negative electrode current collector having no lithium metal before the initial charge”. Further, the "lithium secondary battery provided with a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material” may be paraphrased as an anode-free lithium battery, a zero anode lithium battery, or an anodeless lithium battery.
- the content of the negative electrode active material other than the lithium metal is 10% by mass or less, preferably 5.0% by mass or less, based on the entire negative electrode, regardless of the state of charge of the battery. , 1.0% by mass or less, 0.1% by mass or less, 0.0% by mass or less, or 0% by mass.
- the negative electrode 140 of the present embodiment has a lithium metal content of 10% by mass or less, preferably 5.0% by mass or less, and 1.0% by mass, based on the entire negative electrode, before initial charging. It may be less than or equal to, 0.1% by mass or less, 0.0% by mass or less, or 0% by mass.
- the lithium metal content when the battery voltage is 1.0 V or more and 3.5 V or less, the lithium metal content may be 10% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode 140. (Preferably 5.0% by mass or less, and may be 1.0% by mass or less.); When the battery voltage is 1.0V or more and 3.0V or less, the lithium metal content is It may be 10% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode 140 (preferably 5.0% by mass or less, and may be 1.0% by mass or less); or the battery voltage is 1.0V. When the voltage is 2.5 V or less, the lithium metal content may be 10% by mass or less with respect to the entire negative electrode 140 (preferably 5.0% by mass or less, 1.0% by mass or less). It may be.).
- the ratio M 3.0 / M 4.2 of the mass M 3.0 of the lithium metal deposited on the negative electrode is preferably 40% or less, more preferably 38% or less, still more preferably 35%. It is as follows.
- the ratio M 3.0 / M 4.2 may be 1.0% or more, 2.0% or more, 3.0% or more, 4.0% or more. May be.
- Examples of the negative electrode active material of the present embodiment include lithium metal and alloys containing lithium metal, carbon-based substances, metal oxides, metals alloyed with lithium, and alloys containing the metal.
- the carbon-based substance is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include graphene, graphite, hard carbon, mesoporous carbon, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanohorns.
- the metal oxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include titanium oxide-based compounds, tin oxide-based compounds, and cobalt oxide-based compounds.
- Examples of the metal alloying with lithium include silicon, germanium, tin, lead, aluminum, and gallium.
- the negative electrode 140 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it does not have a negative electrode active material and can be used as a current collector, but reacts with, for example, Cu, Ni, Ti, Fe, and other Li.
- Examples include metals that do not, and alloys thereof, and those consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of stainless steel (SUS), preferably Cu, Ni, and alloys thereof, and stainless steel.
- SUS stainless steel
- the energy density and productivity of the battery tend to be further improved.
- various conventionally known types of SUS can be used.
- the “metal that does not react with Li” means a metal that does not react with lithium ions or lithium metal to form an alloy under the operating conditions of the lithium secondary battery.
- the average thickness of the negative electrode 140 is preferably 4 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 18 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 6 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less. According to such an embodiment, the volume occupied by the negative electrode 140 in the lithium secondary battery 100 is reduced, so that the energy density of the lithium secondary battery 100 is further improved.
- the positive electrode active material is a substance that causes an electrode reaction, that is, an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction, at the positive electrode.
- examples of the positive electrode active material of the present embodiment include a host material of a lithium element (typically, lithium ion).
- examples of such a positive electrode active material include, but are not limited to, metal oxides and metal phosphates.
- the metal oxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a cobalt oxide-based compound, a manganese oxide-based compound, and a nickel oxide-based compound.
- the metal phosphate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include iron phosphate compounds and cobalt phosphate compounds.
- the positive electrode active material as described above one type may be used alone or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the positive electrode 110 contains a lithium-containing compound (that is, a sacrificial positive electrode agent) that causes an oxidation reaction in the charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material and substantially does not cause a reduction reaction.
- a lithium-containing compound that is, a sacrificial positive electrode agent
- the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent release lithium ions and cause an oxidation reaction, and emit electrons to the negative electrode 140 through an external circuit.
- lithium ions derived from the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent are deposited on the surface of the negative electrode.
- the lithium secondary battery 100 when such a lithium secondary battery 100 is discharged (that is, initially discharged) after the initial charge is completed, the lithium metal deposited on the surface of the negative electrode is electrolytically eluted, and electrons move from the negative electrode 140 to the positive electrode 110 through an external circuit. do.
- the positive electrode active material receives lithium ions and causes a reduction reaction, while the sacrificial positive electrode agent substantially does not cause a reduction reaction within the range of the discharge potential of the positive electrode active material, and before the oxidation reaction occurs. It is virtually impossible to return to the state. That is, it may be said that the positive electrode 110 has a sacrificial positive electrode agent before the initial charge.
- the "initial charge” means the first charge step after assembling the battery.
- the lithium secondary battery 100 when the lithium secondary battery 100 is discharged after the initial charge, most of the lithium metal derived from the positive electrode active material is electrolytically eluted from the negative electrode, whereas most of the lithium metal derived from the sacrificial positive electrode agent is on the negative electrode. Even after the battery is completely discharged, a part of the lithium metal remains on the negative electrode. Since the residual lithium metal serves as a scaffold for further lithium metal to be deposited on the negative electrode in the charging step following the initial discharge, the lithium metal is likely to be uniformly deposited on the negative electrode in the charging step after the initial discharge. .. As a result, the growth of dendrite-like lithium metal on the negative electrode is suppressed, so that the lithium secondary battery 100 has excellent cycle characteristics.
- the sacrificial positive electrode agent in the positive electrode 110 is a lithium-containing compound that causes an oxidation reaction in the charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material and substantially does not cause a reduction reaction.
- causing an oxidation reaction in the charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material means that an oxidation reaction is generated in the charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material to release lithium ions and electrons (by the oxidation reaction). It means that it can be decomposed and release lithium ions.).
- substantially no reduction reaction occurs in the charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material means that a reduction reaction occurs in the charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material under normal reaction conditions for those skilled in the art.
- the "normal reaction conditions for those skilled in the art” mean, for example, the conditions for discharging a lithium secondary battery.
- “it is practically impossible for the sacrificial positive electrode agent to undergo a reduction reaction to receive lithium ions and electrons, or to be generated through the reduction reaction” is a sacrifice oxidized by charging the battery.
- the positive electrode agents 80% or more (for example, 80% or more, 85% or more, 90% or more, 95% or more, 99% or more, or 100%) of the sacrificial positive electrode agents cause a reduction reaction. It means that it cannot receive lithium ions and electrons, or it cannot be generated through a reduction reaction.
- the capacity of the initial discharge with respect to the capacity of the initial charge in the sacrificial positive electrode agent is 20% or less (for example, 20% or less, 15% or less, 10% or less, 5% or less, 1% or less, or 0%). ..
- the "charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material” means the potential range in which the oxidation reaction and the reduction reaction of the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode 110 can be performed.
- the specific value depends on the type of positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode 110, but is typically 2.5 V or higher, 2.7 V or higher, or 3.0 V or higher with respect to the Li + / Li reference electrode. 3.2V or more, or 3.5V or more, and 4.5V or less, 4.4V or less, 4.3V or less, 4.2V or less, 4.1V or less, or 4.0V or less.
- a typical range of charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material is 3.0 V or more and 4.2 V or less (vs.
- the operating voltage range of the lithium secondary battery 100 may be referred to.
- the operating voltage of the lithium secondary battery 100 is 3.0 V or more.
- the charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material with respect to the Li + / Li reference electrode can be estimated to be 3.0 V or more and 4.2 V or less. That is, the sacrificial positive electrode agent may be paraphrased as "a lithium-containing compound that causes an oxidation reaction and substantially no reduction reaction in the operating voltage range of the lithium secondary battery".
- Examples of the sacrificial positive electrode agent are not particularly limited, and are, for example, a lithium oxide such as Li 2 O 2 ; a lithium nitride such as Li 3 N; Li 2 SP 2 S 5 , Li 2 S-LiCl.
- Li 2 S-LiBr Lithium sulfide-based solid solutions such as Li 2 S-Li I; Li 1 + x (Ti 1-y F y ) 1-x O 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.25, 0.4 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.9), Li 2-x Ti 1-z Fe z O 3-y (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0.05 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.95), Li 5 FeO 4
- iron-based lithium oxides From the viewpoint of more effectively and surely exerting the effect as a sacrificial positive electrode agent, a lithium-containing compound containing Fe is preferably used, more preferably an iron-based lithium oxide is used, and even more preferably Li 5 FeO 4 is used.
- sacrificial positive electrode agent used as the sacrificial positive electrode agent as described above, one type may be used alone or two or more types may be used in combination. Further, as the sacrificial positive electrode agent as described above, a commercially available one may be used, or a conventionally known method may be used for production.
- the present inventors have conducted a positive electrode of a lithium secondary battery that uses a negative electrode that does not have a negative electrode active material, unlike a conventional lithium ion battery that has a negative electrode active material and a lithium metal battery that uses a lithium metal for the negative electrode. It has been found that even if a sacrificial positive electrode agent as disclosed in the present specification is added, a sufficient effect may not be obtained. Furthermore, the present inventors have described that the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode 110 has a particle size D 50 (S) of 1.0 ⁇ m or more corresponding to a cumulative degree of 50% in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method.
- S particle size D 50
- the particle size D 95 (S) corresponding to the cumulative degree of 95% is 20 ⁇ m or less and the particle size D 95 (S) is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, the effect of the sacrificial positive electrode agent for improving the cycle characteristics is remarkably exhibited. I found.
- the factors are inferred as follows, but the factors are not limited to this.
- the particles of the sacrificial positive electrode have a particle size D 50 (hereinafter, also referred to as “particle size D 50 (S)”) of 1.0 ⁇ m corresponding to a cumulative degree of 50% in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method. If it is less than, the interfacial resistance between the sacrificial positive electrode agent and other components constituting the positive electrode increases, so that the electric resistance increases and the conductivity of the positive electrode decreases. Therefore, it is considered that the function as a sacrificial positive electrode agent cannot be sufficiently exerted and the cycle characteristics are difficult to be improved.
- the sacrificial positive electrode agent When the particle diameter D 50 (S) of the sacrificial positive electrode agent exceeds 20 ⁇ m, the sacrificial positive electrode agent is localized in the positive electrode and concentrated on the negative electrode portion facing the localized sacrificial positive electrode agent to become the sacrificial positive electrode agent.
- the derived lithium metal will be deposited. As a result, it is considered that the lithium metal on the negative electrode is unevenly deposited, that is, the lithium metal grows like a dendrite, which adversely affects the cycle characteristics of the lithium secondary battery.
- the particle diameter D 50 (S) is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, so that the above-mentioned problems do not occur, and the effect of the sacrificial positive electrode agent is effective. It will be played reliably. Further, the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode 110 has a particle size D 95 (S) corresponding to a cumulative degree of 95% in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method (hereinafter, “particle size D 95 (S)).
- the particle size distribution of the sacrificial positive electrode agent becomes more uniform, and the growth of the lithium metal in a dendrite shape is suppressed. As a result, it is considered that the effect of the above-mentioned sacrificial positive electrode agent is fully exhibited.
- the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode 110 has a particle diameter D 50 (S) of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size D 50 (S) of the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode 110 is preferably 2.0 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 5.0 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably. Is 8.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the particle size D 50 (S) of the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode 110 is preferably 18 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 15 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 14 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 12 ⁇ m or less. be.
- the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode 110 has a particle size D 95 (S) of 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size D 95 (S) of the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode 110 is preferably 3.0 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5.0 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 8.0 ⁇ m or more, and even more preferably. Is 10.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the particle size D 95 (S) of the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode 110 is preferably 29 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 28 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 27 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 26 ⁇ m or less. be.
- the particle size distribution by the laser diffraction / scattering method can be measured by a known method.
- the measurement may be performed using a particle size distribution measuring device such as MT3000EX manufactured by Microtrac Bell.
- the particle size DX corresponding to the cumulative degree X % means that the proportion of particles having a particle size of DX or less in the measured particle size distribution is X % of the whole particles. ..
- the positive electrode 110 may contain components other than the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent.
- Such components include, but are not limited to, known conductive aids, binders, solid electrolytes (polymer electrolytes, gel electrolytes, inorganic solid electrolytes, etc., and typically polymer electrolytes or gel electrolytes. Is mentioned.).
- solid electrolyte for example, a polymer electrolyte or a gel electrolyte described later may be used.
- the conductive auxiliary agent in the positive electrode 110 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include carbon black, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), carbon nanofibers (CF), and acetylene black.
- the binder is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene butadiene rubber, acrylic resin, and polyimide resin.
- the above-mentioned conductive aids and binders one type may be used alone or two or more types may be used in combination.
- As the gel electrolyte those described later can be used.
- the total content of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent in the positive electrode 110 may be, for example, 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode 110.
- the total content of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 80% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the positive electrode 110. Yes, and even more preferably 90% by mass or more.
- the total content of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent is preferably 100% by mass or less, more preferably 99% by mass or less, still more preferably 98% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the positive electrode 110. be.
- the content of the sacrificial positive electrode agent may be 1.0% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode 110.
- the content of the sacrificial positive electrode agent is preferably 1.0% by mass or more, more preferably 2.0% by mass or more, still more preferably 3.0% by mass or more, based on the total mass of the positive electrode 110. be.
- the content of the sacrificial positive electrode agent is preferably 12% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, and may be 8.0% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the positive electrode 110.
- the above content is effective when the sacrificial positive electrode agent is a compound containing Fe, and particularly effective when the sacrificial positive electrode agent is a compound containing Li 5 FeO 4 .
- the content of the sacrificial positive electrode agent is preferably defined by the ratio of the irreversible capacity of the sacrificial positive electrode agent to the cell capacity of the lithium secondary battery 100.
- the "cell capacity of the lithium secondary battery” means a value obtained by calculating the total charge capacity of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode 110.
- the cell capacity of the lithium secondary battery 100 is such that for each positive electrode active material and each sacrificial positive electrode agent, a cell having a positive electrode active material or a sacrificial positive electrode agent as a positive electrode and a lithium metal foil as a negative electrode is used as lithium 2.
- the “irreversible capacity of the sacrificial positive electrode agent” means that for each sacrificial positive electrode agent, a cell having the sacrificial positive electrode agent as the positive electrode and the lithium metal foil as the negative electrode is used as the driving voltage of the lithium secondary battery 100 (for example, 3.
- the irreversible capacity density A (mAh / g), which is the difference (A1-A2) between the charge capacity density A1 and the discharge capacity density A2 is obtained. It is obtained by calculating the product with the mass (g) contained in the positive electrode 110 and obtaining the sum of the above products for all the sacrificial positive electrode agents contained in the positive electrode 110.
- the ratio X of the irreversible capacity of the sacrificial positive electrode agent to the cell capacity of the lithium secondary battery 100 is the charge capacity density A1 k (mAh / g) of each positive electrode active material and each sacrificial positive electrode agent and the content x k (mass) in the positive electrode 110. %) To the sum of the products of the irreversible volume density A j (mAh / g) of each sacrificial positive electrode agent and the content x j (mass%) in the positive electrode 110, as the ratio of the product of the following formula (1). You may ask according to.
- each positive electrode active material and each sacrificial positive electrode agent and the theoretical irreversible volume density (mAh / g) of each sacrificial positive electrode agent are known, the known values may be used. good.
- the charge capacity density, the discharge capacity density, and the content in the positive electrode 110 of each positive electrode active material and each sacrificial positive electrode agent can be measured by a conventionally known method, and the charge capacity density and the discharge capacity density are shown in Examples. It may be measured by the method described in 1.
- the content of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent in the positive electrode 110 can be measured by, for example, X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD).
- the content of the sacrificial positive electrode agent is preferably adjusted so that the ratio of the irreversible capacity of the sacrificial positive electrode agent to the cell capacity of the lithium secondary battery 100 is 1.0% or more and 40% or less, preferably 2.0% or more. It is more preferable to adjust the content to 38% or less, and further preferably to adjust the content to 3.0% or more and 35% or less.
- the ratio of the irreversible capacity of the sacrificial positive electrode agent to the cell capacity of the lithium secondary battery 100 may be 4.0% or more and 33% or less, or 8.0% or more and 20% or less.
- the ratio of the irreversible capacity of the sacrificial positive electrode agent By adjusting the ratio of the irreversible capacity of the sacrificial positive electrode agent to the cell capacity of the lithium secondary battery 100, the lithium metal remaining after the initial discharge with respect to the total amount of the lithium metal deposited by the initial charge in the lithium secondary battery 100. Since it is presumed that the ratio can be controlled, if the ratio of the irreversible capacity is within the above range, the amount of the residual lithium metal becomes appropriate, and the cycle characteristics and energy density of the lithium secondary battery 100 become appropriate. It will be even better.
- the content of the conductive auxiliary agent may be, for example, 0.5% by mass, 30% by mass or less, 1% by mass, 20% by mass or less, or 1.5% by mass, 10% by mass, based on the entire positive electrode 110.
- the following may be present.
- the content of the binder may be, for example, 0.5% by mass, 30% by mass or less, 1% by mass, 20% by mass or less, or 1.5% by mass, 10% by mass or less, based on the entire positive electrode 110. You may.
- the total content of the solid electrolyte may be, for example, 0.5% by mass, 30% by mass or less, 1% by mass, 20% by mass or less, or 1.5% by mass, 10% by mass, based on the entire positive electrode 110. It may be less than%.
- a positive electrode current collector 150 is formed on one side of the positive electrode 110.
- the positive electrode current collector 150 is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductor that does not react with lithium ions in the battery. Examples of such a positive electrode current collector include aluminum.
- the average thickness of the positive electrode current collector 150 is preferably 4 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 18 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 6 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less. According to such an embodiment, the volume occupied by the positive electrode current collector 150 in the lithium secondary battery 100 is reduced, so that the energy density of the lithium secondary battery 100 is further improved.
- the buffer function layer 130 is formed on the surface of the separator 120 facing the negative electrode 140, and the buffer function layer has a fibrous or porous ion conductivity.
- the buffer function layer 130 is in the form of a fiber or a porous form, it is agreed with a solid portion having ion conductivity and a pore portion formed by a gap between the solid portions (hereinafter, agreed with “gap portion”). It is the same in this specification.).
- the "solid portion" in the buffer function layer includes a gel-like portion.
- the buffer function layer 130 of the lithium secondary battery 100 of the present embodiment has ionic conductivity, and serves as an electrolyte that conducts lithium ions while fulfilling a function of preventing such volume expansion as a buffer layer. Also fulfills. That is, the buffer function layer 130 functions as the above-mentioned buffer layer while suppressing an increase in internal resistance.
- lithium metal precipitates on the negative electrode is described later as being formed on the surface of the negative electrode, the pored portion of the buffer function layer, and the surface of the negative electrode, unless otherwise specified. It means that the lithium metal is deposited on at least one place on the surface of the solid electrolyte interface layer (SEI layer). Therefore, in the lithium secondary battery 100, the lithium metal may be deposited, for example, on the surface of the negative electrode 140 (the interface between the negative electrode and the buffer function layer), and inside the buffer function layer 130 (the vacant portion of the buffer function layer). ) May be deposited.
- SEI layer solid electrolyte interface layer
- the cushioning function layer 130 is not particularly limited as long as it is fibrous or porous and has ionic conductivity.
- the member constituting the buffer function layer is not limited as long as it can conduct ions, and examples thereof include a polymer electrolyte containing an inorganic or organic salt or a gel electrolyte, and a gel electrolyte is preferable.
- the member constituting the buffer function layer preferably contains a polymer and a lithium salt.
- Preferred embodiments of the members constituting the buffer functional layer include polymer electrolytes and gel electrolytes. Both the polymer electrolyte and the gel electrolyte are electrolytes containing a polymer, and a gel-like electrolyte obtained by containing an electrolytic solution or a solvent is particularly referred to as a gel electrolyte.
- the material constituting the polymer electrolyte and the gel electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used for a lithium secondary battery, and a known material can be appropriately selected.
- the polymer (resin) constituting the polymer electrolyte or gel electrolyte is not particularly limited, but for example, a resin such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) having an ethylene oxide unit in the main chain and / or the side chain, an acrylic resin, or vinyl.
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- Resin ester resin, nylon resin, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysiloxane, polyphosphazene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, polylactic acid, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, polypropylene, Examples thereof include polybutylene, polyacetal, polysulfone, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like.
- the above resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the salt contained in the polymer electrolyte or the gel electrolyte include salts of Li, Na, K, Ca, and Mg.
- the lithium salt is not particularly limited, but is not particularly limited, for example, LiI, LiCl, LiBr, LiF, LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 .
- the above-mentioned salt or lithium salt may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content ratio of the resin and the lithium salt in the polymer electrolyte or the gel electrolyte may be determined by the ratio of the oxygen atom of the resin to the lithium atom of the lithium salt ([Li] / [O]).
- the content ratio of the resin to the lithium salt is such that the above ratio ([Li] / [O]) is, for example, 0.02 or more and 0.20 or less, 0.03 or more and 0.15 or less. , Or may be adjusted to be 0.04 or more and 0.12 or less.
- the polymer electrolyte or gel electrolyte may contain a solvent that can be contained in the lithium secondary battery 100 in addition to the resin and the salt.
- a solvent that can be contained in the electrolytic solution described later can be used.
- FIG. 3A shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the fiber-shaped cushioning function layer.
- the buffer function layer 130 shown in FIG. 3A is made of an ion conductive fiber 310, which is a fiber having ion conductivity. That is, in the present embodiment, "the buffer function layer is in the form of a fiber” means that the buffer function layer contains a fiber or is composed of a fiber, and the gap between the solid portion and the solid portion causes the buffer function layer to be in the form of a fiber. It means that it has a formed pore portion. Further, it is presumed that when the lithium secondary battery 100 is charged, the lithium metal 320 is deposited in the pore portion of the buffer function layer 130, as shown in FIG. 3 (B). However, the precipitation mode of the lithium metal is not limited to this.
- FIG. 4C An embodiment of the ion conduction fiber 310 is shown in FIG. 4C as a schematic cross-sectional view.
- the ion conduction fiber 310 is composed of a fiber-like ion conduction layer 400.
- the ion conductive layer 400 has, for example, the above-mentioned configuration as a member constituting the buffer function layer.
- the fiber average diameter of the fibrous ion conductive layer 400 is preferably 30 nm or more and 5000 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or more and 2000 nm or less, still more preferably 70 nm or more and 1000 nm or less, and further preferably 80 nm or more and 500 nm or less. Is.
- the surface area of the reaction field where the lithium metal can be deposited becomes a more appropriate range, so that the cycle characteristics tend to be further improved.
- the buffer function layer 130 of the lithium secondary battery 100 shown in FIG. 3 may be porous.
- the porous buffer function layer may be provided with, for example, a porous ionic conduction layer having communication holes.
- the cushioning function layer is fibrous or porous, it has pores.
- the porosity of the buffer function layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more, still more preferably 70% or more, or 80% or more in volume%.
- the porosity of the buffer function layer is within the above range, the surface area of the reaction field where the lithium metal can be deposited is further increased, so that the cycle characteristics tend to be further improved. Further, according to such an aspect, the effect of suppressing the cell volume expansion tends to be more effectively and surely exerted.
- the porosity of the buffer function layer is not particularly limited, but may be 99% or less or 95% or less in volume%.
- the average thickness of the buffer function layer is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 30 ⁇ m or less. When the average thickness of the buffer function layer is within the above range, the volume occupied by the buffer function layer 130 in the lithium secondary battery 100 is reduced, so that the energy density of the battery is further improved.
- the average thickness of the buffer function layer is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 4 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 7 ⁇ m or more. When the average thickness of the buffer function layer is within the above range, the surface area of the reaction field where the lithium metal can be deposited is further increased, so that the cycle characteristics tend to be further improved. Further, according to such an aspect, the effect of suppressing the cell volume expansion tends to be more effectively and surely exerted.
- the fiber diameter of the fibrous ion conductive layer, the porosity of the buffer function layer, and the thickness of the buffer function layer can be measured by a known measuring method.
- the thickness of the buffer function layer is determined by etching the surface of the buffer function layer with a focused ion beam (FIB) to expose its cross section, and observing the thickness of the buffer function layer on the exposed cut surface by SEM or TEM. It can be measured by
- the fiber diameter of the fibrous ion conductive layer and the porosity of the buffer function layer can be measured by observing the surface of the buffer function layer with a transmission electron microscope.
- the porosity of the buffer function layer is calculated by binary analysis of the observed image of the surface of the buffer function layer using image analysis software and obtaining the ratio of the buffer function layer to the total area of the image. do it.
- Each of the above measured values is calculated by calculating the average of the measured values measured 3 times or more, preferably 10 times or more.
- the buffer function layer contains a metal capable of reacting with lithium
- the total capacity of the negative electrode 140 and the buffer function layer 130 is sufficiently smaller than the capacity of the positive electrode 110, for example, 20% or less, 15% or less, 10 It may be% or less, or 5% or less.
- the capacities of the positive electrode 110, the negative electrode 140, and the buffer function layer 130 can be measured by a conventionally known method.
- the separator 120 is a member for ensuring the ionic conductivity of lithium ions serving as charge carriers between the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 140 while preventing the battery from short-circuiting by separating the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 140. be. That is, the separator 120 has a function of separating the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 140 and a function of ensuring the ion conductivity of lithium ions. As such a separator, one kind of member having the above-mentioned two functions may be used alone, or two or more kinds of the above-mentioned members having one function may be used in combination.
- the separator is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned functions, and examples thereof include a porous member having an insulating property, a polymer electrolyte, and a gel electrolyte.
- the separator When the separator contains an insulating porous member, the member exhibits ion conductivity by filling the pores of the member with a substance having ion conductivity.
- the substance to be filled include an electrolytic solution, a polymer electrolyte, and a gel electrolyte, which will be described later.
- the separator 120 may use an insulating porous member, a polymer electrolyte, or a gel electrolyte alone or in combination of two or more. However, when a porous member having an insulating property is used alone as the separator 120, the lithium secondary battery 100 needs to further include an electrolytic solution.
- the material constituting the above-mentioned porous member having an insulating property is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an insulating polymer material, and specific examples thereof include polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). .. That is, the separator 120 may be a porous polyethylene (PE) film, a porous polypropylene (PP) film, or a laminated structure thereof.
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- the separator 120 may be a porous polyethylene (PE) film, a porous polypropylene (PP) film, or a laminated structure thereof.
- the polymer electrolyte or gel electrolyte in the separator 120 those described above can be used in the section of the ion conductive layer of the buffer function layer, and the polymer electrolyte and the polymer, salt and other components that can be contained in the gel electrolyte can also be used. The same is true.
- the separator 120 may be covered with a separator coating layer.
- the separator coating layer may cover both sides of the separator 120, or may cover only one side.
- the separator coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a member that does not react with lithium ions, but it is preferable that the separator 120 and the layer adjacent to the separator 120 can be firmly adhered to each other.
- the separator coating layer is not particularly limited, and is, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a mixture of styrene-butadiene rubber and carboxymethyl cellulose (SBR-CMC), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and lithium polyacrylic acid.
- Examples include those containing binders such as (Li-PAA), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), and aramid.
- binders such as (Li-PAA), polyimide (PI), polyamideimide (PAI), and aramid.
- inorganic particles such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, and lithium nitrate may be added to the binder.
- the average thickness of the separator 120 is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 18 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 15 ⁇ m or less. According to such an embodiment, the volume occupied by the separator 120 in the lithium secondary battery 100 is reduced, so that the energy density of the lithium secondary battery 100 is further improved.
- the average thickness of the separator 120 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 7 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 10 ⁇ m or more. According to such an aspect, the positive electrode 110 and the negative electrode 140 can be more reliably isolated, and the short circuit of the battery can be further suppressed.
- the lithium secondary battery 100 preferably has an electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution may be infiltrated into the separator 120, or the electrolytic solution may be sealed together with the lithium secondary battery 100 as a finished product.
- the electrolytic solution is a solution containing an electrolyte and a solvent and having ionic conductivity, and acts as a conductive path for lithium ions. Therefore, in the lithium secondary battery 100 having an electrolytic solution, the internal resistance is further reduced, and the energy density, capacity, and cycle characteristics are further improved.
- the electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it is a salt, and examples thereof include salts of Li, Na, K, Ca, and Mg.
- a lithium salt is preferably used as the electrolyte.
- the lithium salt is not particularly limited, but LiI, LiCl, LiBr, LiF, LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiN (SO 2 F) 2 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN.
- the lithium salt is preferably LiN (SO2 F) 2 .
- the above lithium salts may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solvent examples include a fluorinated solvent and a non-fluorinated solvent.
- the fluorination solvent is not particularly limited, but for example, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl- Examples thereof include 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, 1H, 1H, 5H-octafluoropentyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether.
- the non-fluorine solvent described above is not particularly limited, and for example, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethoxyethane, dimethoxypropane, dimethoxybutane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, acetonitrile, etc.
- Dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, chloroethylene carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and 12- Crown-4 and the like can be mentioned.
- the fluorinated solvent and the non-fluorinated solvent can be used alone or in any combination of two or more at any ratio.
- the ratio of the content of the fluorinated solvent and the non-fluorinated solvent is not particularly limited, but for example, the ratio of the fluorinated solvent to the whole solvent may be 0 to 100% by volume, and the ratio of the non-fluorinated solvent to the whole solvent may be 0 to 100% by volume. The ratio may be 0 to 100% by volume.
- FIG. 2 shows one usage mode of the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment.
- a positive electrode terminal 220 and a negative electrode terminal 210 for connecting the lithium secondary battery 200 to an external circuit are bonded to the positive electrode current collector 150 and the negative electrode 140, respectively.
- the lithium secondary battery 200 is charged and discharged by connecting the negative electrode terminal 210 to one end of the external circuit and the positive electrode terminal 220 to the other end of the external circuit.
- a solid electrolyte interface layer may be formed at the interface between the buffer function layer 130 and the separator 120 by initial charging.
- the SEI layer may not be formed, and may be formed at the interface between the negative electrode 140 and the buffer function layer 130.
- the SEI layer to be formed is not particularly limited, but may contain, for example, an inorganic compound containing lithium, an organic compound containing lithium, and the like.
- the typical average thickness of the SEI layer is 1 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the lithium secondary battery 200 is charged by applying a voltage between the positive electrode terminal 220 and the negative electrode terminal 210 so that a current flows from the negative electrode terminal 210 to the positive electrode terminal 220 through an external circuit. Charging the lithium secondary battery 200 causes precipitation of lithium metal on the surface of the negative electrode. The precipitation of the lithium metal occurs at least at one of the interface between the negative electrode 140 and the buffer function layer 130, the inside of the buffer function layer 130, and the interface between the buffer function layer 130 and the separator 120.
- the lithium secondary battery 200 when the positive electrode terminal 220 and the negative electrode terminal 210 are connected, the lithium secondary battery 200 is discharged. As a result, the precipitation of lithium metal generated on the surface of the negative electrode is electrolytically eluted.
- the method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery 100 as shown in FIG. 1 is not particularly limited as long as it can manufacture a lithium secondary battery having the above configuration, and examples thereof include the following methods. ..
- the positive electrode 110 is formed on the positive electrode current collector 150, for example, as follows.
- a known conductive auxiliary agent, a solid electrolyte, and a known binder are optionally mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture.
- the compounding ratio may be appropriately adjusted so that the contents of the positive electrode active material, the sacrificial positive electrode agent, the conductive auxiliary agent, the solid electrolyte, and the binder are within the above-mentioned range.
- the lithium secondary battery 100 It is possible to control the ratio of the irreversible volume of the sacrificial positive electrode agent to the cell volume of the cell.
- the obtained positive electrode mixture is applied to one side of a metal foil (for example, Al foil) as a positive electrode current collector having a predetermined thickness (for example, 5 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less), and press-molded.
- the obtained molded body is punched to a predetermined size by punching to obtain a positive electrode 110.
- the particle size of the sacrificial positive electrode agent can be controlled by a known method. Examples of such a method include a method using a crusher such as a blade mill, a jet mill or a ball mill.
- the particle size D 50 (S) and the particle size D 95 (S) can be made smaller by lengthening the crushing time by the crusher. From the viewpoint that the particle size can be easily controlled, it is preferable to use a jet mill as the crusher.
- the separator 120 may be manufactured by a conventionally known method, or a commercially available one may be used.
- the above-mentioned negative electrode material for example, a metal foil of 1 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less (for example, an electrolytic Cu foil) is washed with a solvent containing sulfamic acid, punched to a predetermined size, and further ultrasonically washed with ethanol.
- the negative electrode 140 is obtained by drying.
- the method for producing the buffer function layer 130 described above is not particularly limited as long as a layer having fibrous or porous ion conductivity can be obtained, but may be, for example, as follows.
- a fiber-shaped buffer functional layer having an ion-conducting fiber 310 composed of a fiber-shaped ion-conducting layer 400 can be manufactured as follows. First, a solution prepared by dissolving the above-mentioned resin (for example, PVDF) in an appropriate organic solvent (for example, N-methylpyrrolidone) is applied to the surface of the separator 120 prepared in advance by using a bar coater or a doctor blade. Next, the separator 120 coated with the resin solution is immersed in a water bath and then sufficiently dried at room temperature to form a fibrous ion conductive layer on the separator 120 (note that the ion conductive layer is, for example, assembled into a battery). Occasionally, the electrolytic solution may be injected to exert an ionic conduction function), whereby a fiber-shaped cushioning function layer can be obtained.
- a solution prepared by dissolving the above-mentioned resin for example, PVDF
- an appropriate organic solvent for example, N-methylpyrrolidone
- the porous buffer function layer provided with the porous ion conductive layer can be manufactured as follows. Using a solution in which the above-mentioned resin (for example, PVDF) is dissolved in an appropriate solvent (for example, N-methylpyrrolidone), a conventionally known method (for example, a method using phase separation with a solvent, and a foaming agent) are used. (Method to be used, etc.), a porous ionic conduction layer having communication holes is formed on the surface of the separator 120 (note that the ionic conduction layer has an ionic conduction function by injecting an electrolytic solution, for example, when assembling a battery. It may be exerted), whereby a porous buffer function layer can be obtained.
- an appropriate solvent for example, N-methylpyrrolidone
- a porous ionic conduction layer having communication holes is formed on the surface of the separator 120 (note that the ionic conduction layer has an ionic conduction function by injecting an electrolytic solution,
- a laminated body is obtained by laminating the positive electrode 110, the separator 120 on which the buffer function layer 130 is formed, and the negative electrode 140 obtained as described above so that the buffer function layer 130 faces the negative electrode 140 in this order.
- the lithium secondary battery 100 can be obtained by enclosing the obtained laminate together with the electrolytic solution in a closed container.
- the closed container is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a laminated film.
- the lithium secondary battery of the second embodiment is arranged between the positive electrode, the negative electrode having no negative electrode active material, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator is provided with a buffering function layer formed on a surface facing the separator of the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector on the surface opposite to the surface facing the separator.
- the configurations of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode and their preferred embodiments are the same as those of the lithium secondary battery 100 of the first embodiment, except for the points described later.
- the lithium secondary battery of the embodiment has the same effect as that of the lithium secondary battery of the first embodiment, or exhibits further performance.
- the lithium secondary battery of the second embodiment may contain the electrolytic solution as described above, similarly to the lithium secondary battery 100.
- the cushioning functional layer in the lithium secondary battery of the second embodiment has fibrous or porous ionic conductivity and electrical conductivity. That is, in the present embodiment, the buffer function layer is the one in which the buffer function layer 130 of the first embodiment further has electrical conductivity. Since the lithium secondary battery of the second embodiment is provided with such a cushioning function layer, the cycle characteristics are further excellent as compared with the lithium secondary battery of the first embodiment.
- the buffer function layer of the present embodiment since the buffer function layer of the present embodiment has both ionic conductivity and electrical conductivity, when the lithium secondary battery is charged, electrons from the negative electrode are generated on the surface and / or inside of the buffer function layer. Lithium ions from the separator and / or the electrolytic solution are supplied. Further, since the buffer functional layer in the present embodiment is fibrous or porous, it has a solid portion having ionic conductivity and electrical conductivity, and a pore portion formed by a gap between the solid portions. Therefore, in the buffer function layer in the present embodiment, the electrons and lithium ions supplied as described above react on the surface of the solid portion inside the buffer function layer, and the pore portion (surface of the solid portion). Lithium metal is deposited on the surface. As described above, the "solid portion" in the buffer function layer includes a gel-like portion.
- the place where the lithium metal is deposited is limited to the surface of the negative electrode, so that the growth direction of the lithium metal is limited to the direction of the separator from the surface of the negative electrode, and the lithium metal tends to grow like a dendrite. ..
- the lithium secondary battery provided with the buffer function layer of the second embodiment lithium metal can be deposited not only on the surface of the negative electrode but also on the surface of the solid portion of the buffer function layer, and lithium. The surface area of the reaction field of the metal precipitation reaction increases.
- the reaction rate of the lithium metal precipitation reaction is slowly controlled, so that the lithium metal grows heterogeneously, that is, the lithium metal grown in a dendrite shape. It is presumed that the formation is suppressed more reliably.
- the present inventors can exert the effect of the sacrificial positive electrode agent more remarkably by introducing a buffer function layer having both ionic conductivity and electrical conductivity. I found.
- the lithium metal that is uniform in the surface direction is deposited on the surface of the solid portion and the surface of the negative electrode during the initial charging, so that it becomes a scaffold for the precipitation of the lithium metal in the subsequent charging and suppresses the growth of the lithium metal in a dendrite shape. It is presumed that this is because it is done.
- the factors are not limited to the above.
- lithium metal precipitates on the negative electrode means that the surface of the negative electrode, the surface of the solid portion of the buffer function layer, and the negative electrode and / or buffer are not specified unless otherwise specified. It means that the lithium metal is deposited on at least one place on the surface of the SEI layer formed on the surface of the solid portion of the functional layer. Therefore, in the second lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment, the lithium metal may be deposited, for example, on the surface of the negative electrode (the interface between the negative electrode and the buffer function layer), and inside the buffer function layer (buffer function layer). It may be deposited on the surface of the solid portion of the above.
- a non-limiting example of such a buffering functional layer is, for example, a fibrous or porous ion conductive layer in which all or part of the surface is coated with an electric conductive layer; fibrous or porous. All or part of the surface of the electric conductive layer of the above is coated with an ionic conductive layer; and the entanglement of a fibrous ionic conductive layer and a fibrous electric conductive layer and the like can be mentioned.
- the ion conductive layer the same one as the ion conductive layer 400 that can be possessed by the buffer function layer 130 of the first embodiment can be used.
- the electrically conductive layer may be any one capable of conducting electrons, and examples thereof include a metal film.
- metals that can be contained in the electrically conductive layer include, for example, SUS, Si, Sn, Sb, Al, Ni, Cu, Sn, Bi, Ag, Au, Pt, Pb, Zn, In, Bi. -Sn, In-Sn and the like can be mentioned.
- the metal contained in the electric conductive layer Si, Sn, Zn, Bi, Ag, In, Pb, Sb, and Al are preferable from the viewpoint of enhancing the affinity with the lithium metal.
- one kind may be used alone or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- the buffer function layer in the second embodiment there is a fiber-like buffer function layer similar to the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 3 as one embodiment of the buffer function layer of the first embodiment. Be done.
- the fiber-shaped cushioning function layer may be composed of, for example, an ionic electric conductive fiber 410 which is a fiber having ionic conductivity and electric conductivity.
- An embodiment of such an ion electric conduction fiber 410 is shown as a schematic cross-sectional view in FIG. 4 (D). As shown in FIG.
- the ion electric conduction fiber 410 includes a fiber-like ion conduction layer 400 and an electric conduction layer 420 that covers the surface of the ion conduction layer 400.
- the ionic conductive layer 400 may have, for example, the above-mentioned structure as an ionic conductive layer
- the electric conductive layer 420 may have, for example, the above-mentioned structure as an electric conductive layer.
- the average thickness of the electrical conductive layer 420 is preferably 1 nm or more and 300 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm or more and 200 nm or less, and further preferably 10 nm or more and 150 nm or less.
- the average thickness of the electrical conductive layer 420 may be 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the average thickness and porosity of the buffer function layer may be the same as that of the buffer function layer 130 of the first embodiment.
- the thickness of the electrical conductive layer in the second embodiment can be measured by a known measuring method or the like. For example, it can be measured by observing the surface of the electrically conductive layer with a transmission electron microscope, and the surface of the electrically conductive layer is etched with a focused ion beam (FIB) to expose its cross section and exposed.
- the thickness of the cushioning functional layer on the cut surface can be measured by observing with SEM or TEM. Each measured value is calculated by calculating the average of the measured values measured 3 times or more, preferably 10 times or more.
- the buffer function layer contains a metal capable of reacting with lithium
- the total capacity of the negative electrode and the buffer function layer is sufficiently small with respect to the capacity of the positive electrode, for example, 20% or less, 15% or less, 10% or less. Alternatively, it may be 5% or less.
- the manufacture of the configuration other than the buffer function layer and the assembly of each configuration shall be carried out in the same manner as the method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery of the first embodiment. Can be done.
- the method for producing the buffer functional layer provided with the above-mentioned electric conductive layer is not particularly limited as long as a fibrous or porous layer having ionic conductivity and electric conductivity can be obtained, but may be, for example, as follows.
- the fiber-like buffer function layer having the ion-electric conduction fiber 410 including the fiber-like ion conduction layer 400 and the electric conduction layer 420 covering the surface of the ion conduction layer 400 is as follows. Can be manufactured as. First, as described above, the separator coated with the resin solution is immersed in a water bath and then sufficiently dried at room temperature to form a fibrous ion conductive layer on the separator (note that the ion conductive layer can be formed).
- the ionic conduction function may be exhibited by injecting an electrolytic solution at the time of assembling the battery.) Subsequently, a fiber-shaped buffer functional layer can be obtained by depositing an appropriate metal (for example, Ni) on the separator on which the fiber-shaped ion conductive layer is formed under vacuum conditions.
- an appropriate metal for example, Ni
- the porous buffer function layer including the porous ion conductive layer and the electric conductive layer covering the surface of the ion conductive layer can be manufactured as follows. First, as described above, a porous ionic conductive layer having communication holes is formed on the surface of the separator by a conventionally known method (in addition, the ionic conductive layer is injected with an electrolytic solution, for example, when assembling a battery. By doing so, the ion conduction function may be exhibited). Subsequently, a porous buffer function layer can be obtained by depositing an appropriate metal (for example, Ni) on the separator on which the porous ion conductive layer is formed under vacuum conditions.
- an appropriate metal for example, Ni
- the lithium secondary battery of the third embodiment has a positive electrode, a negative electrode having no negative electrode active material, a separator arranged between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a negative electrode separator. It is provided with a cushioning function layer formed on a surface facing the surface thereof.
- the positive electrode has a positive electrode current collector on the surface opposite to the surface facing the separator.
- the configurations of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode, the separator, the buffer function layer, and the negative electrode and their preferred embodiments are the same as those of the lithium secondary battery 100 of the first embodiment, except for the points described later.
- the third lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment has the same effect as that of the lithium secondary battery 100, or exhibits further performance. Further, the lithium secondary battery of the third embodiment may contain an electrolytic solution as described above, similarly to the lithium secondary battery 100.
- the positive electrode in the lithium secondary battery of the third embodiment causes an oxidation reaction in the charge / discharge potential range of the positive electrode active material in addition to the positive electrode active material, and is reduced.
- the definitions, examples, and preferred embodiments of the positive electrode active material, the sacrificial positive electrode agent, and other components that can be contained in the positive electrode are the same as in the first embodiment.
- the present inventors have determined that the positive electrode active material D 50 (A) is obtained when the particle size corresponding to the cumulative degree of 50% is set to D 50 in the particle size distribution measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method.
- D 50 (A) / D 50 (S) which is 5.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less and is the particle size ratio of D 50 (A) of the positive electrode active material to D 50 (S) of the lithium-containing compound, is 2. It was found that the rate characteristics were particularly excellent when the content was 0.0 or more and 10.0 or less. The factors are inferred as follows, but the factors are not limited to this.
- the positive electrode active material D 50 (A) is 5.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, and the particle size ratio D 50 (A) / D 50 (S) is 2. Since it is precisely controlled so as to be within the range of 0.0 or more and 10.0 or less, the contact area between the positive electrode active materials is kept sufficiently high, and the filling density of the positive electrode is increased. That is, the positive electrode in the lithium secondary battery of the third embodiment exists so as to fill the gap between the positive electrode active material and the positive electrode active material that are sufficiently in contact with each other to the extent that the internal resistance inside the positive electrode is sufficiently small.
- the lithium secondary battery of the third embodiment has a high energy density.
- the lithium secondary battery of the third embodiment has a high energy density.
- the rate characteristic means the performance of being able to charge and discharge with a large current, and it is known that the rate performance is excellent when the internal resistance of the battery is low. More specifically, it means that the discharge capacity when discharging at high speed (for example, 3C) is maintained sufficiently higher than the discharging capacity when discharging at low speed (for example, 0.1C). ..
- excellent rate characteristics means, for example, that the discharge capacity when discharging at 3C is 60% or more or 65% as compared with the discharging capacity when discharging at 0.1C. It means that it is more than or equal to 70% or more.
- the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode has a particle size D 50 (A) of 5.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size D 50 (A) of the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode of the present embodiment is preferably 6.0 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 7.0 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 8.0 ⁇ m or more. Even more preferably, it is 9.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the particle size D 50 (A) of the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode of the present embodiment is preferably 19 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 18 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 17 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably. It is 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size ratio of the positive electrode active material D 50 (A) to the sacrificial positive electrode agent D 50 (S) is D 50 (A) / D 50 (S). ) Is 2.0 or more and 10.0 or less.
- the particle size ratio D 50 (A) / D 50 (S) is preferably 2.5 or more, more preferably 3.0 or more, still more preferably 3.5 or more, and even more preferably. It is 4.0 or more.
- the particle size ratio D 50 (A) / D 50 (S) is preferably 9.5 or less, more preferably 9.0 or less, still more preferably 8.5 or less, and even more. It is preferably 8.0 or less.
- the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode has, for example, a particle size D 50 (S) of 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size D 50 (S) of the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode of the present embodiment may be 1.0 ⁇ m or more, 1.5 ⁇ m or more, or 2.0 ⁇ m or more.
- the particle diameter D 50 (S) of the sacrificial positive electrode agent contained in the positive electrode of the present embodiment may be 9.0 ⁇ m or less, 8.0 ⁇ m or less, 7.0 ⁇ m or less, or 6.0 ⁇ m or less. In the present embodiment, by setting the particle diameter D 50 (S) of the sacrificial positive electrode agent within the above range, the cycle characteristics of the battery tend to be further improved.
- the electrode density of the positive electrode is, for example, 3.0 g / cc or more.
- the electrode density of the positive electrode may be 3.2 g / cc or more, 3.3 g / cc or more, 3.4 g / cc or more, or 3.5 g / cc or more.
- the filling density of the positive electrode is increased, so that the energy density of the battery tends to be further improved.
- the "electrode density” represents the mass included in the unit volume of the electrode. Therefore, as the unit, g / cc, g / cm 3 , g / mL and the like are used.
- the electrode density depends on the density, arrangement, and the like of the materials constituting the electrode. Therefore, in the positive electrode of the present embodiment, it may change depending on the particle size of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent. In the present embodiment, as the particle size ratio D 50 (A) / D 50 (S) increases, the electrode density of the positive electrode tends to increase. Further, it can be controlled by adjusting the volume ratio of the contents of the sacrificial positive electrode agent and the positive electrode active material. As the electrode density increases, the capacity per volume of the lithium secondary battery increases, so that the energy density of the lithium secondary battery tends to increase further.
- the content of the positive electrode active material, the sacrificial positive electrode agent, and other components that can be contained in the positive electrode in the positive electrode is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the D 50 (A) of the positive electrode active material is 5.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, and the particle size ratio of the positive electrode active material D 50 (A) to the lithium-containing compound D 50 (S) is D 50 (A).
- ) / D 50 (S) is 2.0 or more and 10.0 or less, and it is preferable that the contents of the sacrificial positive electrode agent and the positive electrode active material are within the above range because the packing density of the positive electrode is further improved. ..
- the lithium secondary battery of the third embodiment can be implemented in the same manner as the method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery of the first embodiment.
- the control of the particle size of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent is the same as that of the first method for manufacturing the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment, and can be carried out by using a crusher.
- the present embodiment is an example for explaining the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.
- the present invention can be modified in various ways as long as it does not deviate from the gist thereof. ..
- the lithium secondary battery of the third embodiment includes the buffer function layer of the first embodiment, but the buffer function layer of the second embodiment may be used as the buffer function layer. good. According to such an embodiment, it is provided a battery having excellent rate characteristics in the lithium secondary battery of the third embodiment and further excellent cycle characteristics in the lithium secondary battery of the second embodiment. Can be done.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment may or may not have a current collector arranged so as to be in contact with the negative electrode on the surface of the negative electrode.
- the current collector is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those that can be used as a negative electrode material.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment does not have to have a positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode themselves act as current collectors, respectively.
- terminals for connecting to an external circuit may be attached to the positive electrode current collector and / or the negative electrode.
- metal terminals of 10 ⁇ m or more and 1 mm or less may be bonded to one or both of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode.
- the joining method a conventionally known method may be used, and for example, ultrasonic welding may be used.
- high energy density or “high energy density” means that the total volume of the battery or the capacity per total mass is high, but preferably 700 Wh / L or more or 300 Wh. It is / kg or more, more preferably 800 Wh / L or more or 350 Wh / kg or more, and further preferably 900 Wh / L or more or 400 Wh / kg or more.
- excellent in cycle characteristics means that the rate of decrease in battery capacity is low before and after the number of charge / discharge cycles that can be expected in normal use. That is, when comparing the first discharge capacity after the initial charge / discharge with the capacity after the charge / discharge cycle of the number of times that can be expected in normal use, the capacity after the charge / discharge cycle is the capacity after the initial charge / discharge. It means that there is almost no decrease with respect to the first discharge capacity of.
- the "number of times that can be assumed in normal use” depends on the application in which the lithium secondary battery is used, but is, for example, 30 times, 50 times, 70 times, 100 times, 300 times, or 500 times. be.
- the capacity after the charge / discharge cycle is hardly reduced with respect to the capacity of the first discharge after the initial charge / discharge", depending on the application in which the lithium secondary battery is used, for example, charge.
- the capacity after the discharge cycle is 60% or more, 65% or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, 80% or more, or 85% or more with respect to the first discharge capacity after the initial charge / discharge. means.
- the numerical range described as a preferable range or the like may be replaced with a numerical range obtained by arbitrarily combining the described upper limit value and lower limit value.
- a parameter is preferably 50 or more, more preferably 60 or more, preferably 100 or less, and more preferably 90 or less
- the parameter is 50 or more and 100 or less, 50 or more and 90 or less, 60 or more and 100. It may be either the following, or 60 or more and 90 or less.
- the ionic conduction layer and the electrical conduction layer are not limited to the layered ones, but may be fibrous, lumpy, or porous. Therefore, the terms ionic conduction layer and electrical conduction layer may be paraphrased as ionic conduction phase and electrical conduction phase, respectively.
- a separator having a predetermined size was prepared in which both sides of a 12 ⁇ m polyethylene microporous membrane were coated with 2 ⁇ m polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Test Example 1 commercially available Li 2 O 3 and Li 3 N were used. Further, in Test Examples 1 and 2, Li 5 FeO 4 was used in Chem. Mater. It was manufactured by the method described in 2010, 22, 1263 to 1270. That is, a sacrificial positive electrode agent was obtained by pulverizing and mixing LiOH ⁇ H 2 O and Fe 2 O 3 and firing them in a nitrogen atmosphere at 800 ° C. for 72 hours. The particle sizes of the prepared positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent were adjusted by pulverizing using a jet mill.
- the mixing ratio of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent is the charge capacity density (mAh / g) of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent measured as follows, and the irreversible volume density A (mAh / g) of the sacrificial positive electrode agent.
- the mixing ratio of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent is such that the ratio of the irreversible capacity of the sacrificial positive electrode agent to the cell capacity of the battery is set to each value described as "addition rate (cell capacity ratio%)" in Table 1. Adjusted to be.
- the content of the sacrificial positive electrode agent with respect to the entire positive electrode of Test Example 1 is shown in Table 1 as "addition amount (% by mass)". Further, in Test Example 2, the mixing ratio of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent was adjusted so that the irreversible capacity of the sacrificial positive electrode agent with respect to the cell capacity of the battery was 10%. The content of the sacrificial positive electrode agent with respect to the entire positive electrode of Test Example 2 was 3.3% by mass. In Test Examples 1 and 2, the total amount of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent was adjusted so that the cell capacity of the lithium secondary battery was 60 mAh.
- a positive electrode active material or a sacrificial positive electrode agent, PVDF, a conductive auxiliary agent, and N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) were mixed to prepare a slurry, which was applied, dried, and pressed on an aluminum foil.
- a test cell using lithium metal as the counter electrode is prepared, charged with a current of 0.2 mAh / cm 2 until the voltage reaches 4.2 V, and then discharged until the voltage reaches 3.0 V.
- mAh / g) and / or the irreversible capacitance density A (mAh / g) were determined.
- Ni was vapor-deposited under vacuum conditions on the separator on which the fibrous ion conductive layer was formed.
- the ion conduction layer after Ni vapor deposition was observed using an SEM with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX), it was confirmed that Ni was distributed so as to cover the fiber-like ion conduction layer. It was confirmed that a fibrous cushioning functional layer was obtained in which the surface of the ionic conductive layer was covered with an electric conductive layer.
- the cross section of the buffer function layer was prepared by FIB and observed by SEM, the average thickness of the buffer function layer was 10 ⁇ m.
- the average thickness of the Ni thin film as the electrical conduction layer and the porosity of the buffer function layer were 20 nm and 90%, respectively.
- a dimethoxyethane (DME) solution of 4M LiN (SO 2 F) 2 (LFSI) was prepared.
- the positive electrode, the separator on which the buffer function layer was formed, and the negative electrode were laminated in this order to obtain a laminated body.
- the lamination was carried out so that the cushioning function layer faced the negative electrode.
- a 100 ⁇ m Al terminal and a 100 ⁇ m Ni terminal were bonded to the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode by ultrasonic welding, respectively, and then inserted into the outer body of the laminate.
- the above electrolytic solution was injected into the above exterior body.
- a lithium secondary battery was obtained by sealing the exterior body.
- Example 1 A lithium secondary battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sacrificial positive electrode agent was not used.
- Example 2 A lithium secondary battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a sacrificial positive electrode agent having a D 50 (S) of 0.5 ⁇ m was used.
- Example 6 A lithium secondary battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the sacrificial positive electrode agent of Li 2 O 2 whose D 50 (S) and D 95 (S) were the values shown in Table 1 was used.
- the prepared lithium secondary battery was charged at 0.2 mAh / cm 2 until the voltage reached 4.2 V (initial charge), and then discharged at 0.2 mAh / cm 2 until the voltage reached 3.0 V. (Initial discharge).
- a charge / discharge cycle of charging at 1.0 mAh / cm 2 until the voltage reaches 4.2 V and then discharging at 1.0 mAh / cm 2 until the voltage reaches 3.0 V is performed in an environment at a temperature of 25 ° C. Then, 99 cycles were repeated.
- the capacity (initial capacity) obtained from the initial charge was 60 mAh.
- the ratio of the discharge capacity obtained from the discharge in the 100th cycle of the charge / discharge cycle to the discharge capacity obtained from the discharge in the second cycle of the charge / discharge cycle is maintained. It was calculated as a rate (%) and used as an index of cycle characteristics. The higher the capacity retention rate, the better the cycle characteristics. Table 1 shows the capacity retention rate in each example.
- a lithium ion battery was prepared by using a 10 ⁇ m electrolytic Cu foil on which graphite containing 10% by mass of Si was supported as a negative electrode active material as a negative electrode.
- the separator, positive electrode, buffering function layer, and electrolytic solution were the same as in Test Example 1.
- the amount and particle size of the sacrificial positive electrode agent added were adjusted to be the values shown in Table 2.
- the cycle characteristics of the lithium-ion battery produced as Reference Example 1 were measured in the same manner as in Test Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Test Example 2 (Examples 10 to 16) A lithium secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in the example of Test Example 1 except that the positive electrode containing the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent having the characteristics shown in Table 3 was used. Further, in Test Example 2, the mixing ratio of the positive electrode active material and the sacrificial positive electrode agent was adjusted so that the ratio of the irreversible capacity of the sacrificial positive electrode agent to the cell capacity of the battery was 10%. The content of the sacrificial positive electrode agent with respect to the entire positive electrode of Test Example 2 was 3.3% by mass.
- Example 7 A lithium secondary battery was obtained in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the sacrificial positive electrode agent was not used.
- the rate characteristics of the lithium secondary batteries produced in each Example and Comparative Example were evaluated as follows. After CC-charging the prepared lithium secondary battery at 3.0 mA to 4.2 V, in each process, 0.05C, 0.1C, 0.5C, 1.0C, 2.0C, or 3 in order. CC discharge was performed at a discharge rate of 0.0 C. At this time, the lower limit voltage was set to 3.0V. In addition, between each discharge, CC charging was performed again at 3.0 mA to 4.2 V, and after charging was completed, CC discharge was performed at the next discharge rate.
- the ratio of the discharge capacity at the discharge rate of 3.0 C to the value of the discharge capacity at the discharge rate of 0.1 C obtained as described above was calculated as the rate characteristic (%) and used as an index of the rate characteristic.
- the particle size D 50 (A) of the positive electrode active material is 5.0 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, and the particle size ratio D 50 (A) / D 50 (S) is 2.0 or more and 10.0 or less. It can be seen that Examples 10 to 16 have higher rate characteristics (%) and are excellent in rate characteristics as compared with Comparative Examples 7 to 11 which do not.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention has a high energy density and is excellent in cycle characteristics or rate characteristics, it has industrial applicability as a power storage device used in various applications.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、本発明の一実施形態に係るリチウム2次電池の緩衝機能層は、リチウム2次電池において、充放電に伴う電池の体積膨張を緩和、抑制する緩衝層として機能すると推測される。
したがって、上記のリチウム2次電池は、放電の際に、負極表面上に均一に析出しているリチウム金属が全て溶解することなく、放電完了後においても一部のリチウム金属が負極表面上に残留すると考えられる。当該残留リチウム金属は、その後の充電時において、更なるリチウム金属が負極表面上に析出する際の足場となるため、当該充電時においてリチウム金属は負極表面上に一層均一に析出しやすくなる。したがって、上記のリチウム2次電池は、負極上にデンドライト状のリチウム金属が成長することが抑制され、サイクル特性に優れたものとなる。
(リチウム2次電池)
図1は、第1の本実施形態に係るリチウム2次電池の概略断面図である。図1に示すように、第1の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池100は、正極110と、負極活物質を有しない負極140と、正極110と負極140との間に配置されているセパレータ120と、負極140のセパレータ120に対向する表面に形成されている緩衝機能層130と、を備える。正極110は、セパレータ120に対向する面とは反対側の面に正極集電体150を有する。
負極140は、負極活物質を有しないものである。本明細書において、「負極活物質」とは、負極において電極反応、すなわち酸化反応及び還元反応を生じる物質である。具体的には、本実施形態の負極活物質としては、リチウム金属、及びリチウム元素(リチウムイオン又はリチウム金属)のホスト物質が挙げられる。リチウム元素のホスト物質とは、リチウムイオン又はリチウム金属を負極に保持するために設けられる物質を意味する。そのような保持の機構としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、インターカレーション、合金化、及び金属クラスターの吸蔵等が挙げられ、典型的には、インターカレーションである。
リチウムイオン電池(LIB)において、負極はリチウム元素(リチウムイオン又はリチウム金属)のホスト物質を有し、電池の充電によりかかる物質にリチウム元素が充填され、ホスト物質がリチウム元素を放出することにより電池の放電が行われる。LIBは、負極がリチウム元素のホスト物質を有する点で、本実施形態のリチウム2次電池100とは異なる。
リチウム金属電池(LMB)は、その表面にリチウム金属を有する電極か、あるいはリチウム金属単体を負極として用いて製造される。すなわち、LMBは、電池を組み立てた直後、すなわち電池の初期充電前に、負極が負極活物質であるリチウム金属を有する点で、本実施形態のリチウム2次電池100とは異なる。LMBは、その製造に、可燃性及び反応性が高いリチウム金属を含む電極を用いるが、本実施形態のリチウム2次電池100は、リチウム金属を有しない負極を用いるため、より安全性及び生産性に優れるものである。
また、本実施形態の負極140は、初期充電前において、リチウム金属の含有量が、負極全体に対して10質量%以下であり、好ましくは5.0質量%以下であり、1.0質量%以下であってもよく、0.1質量%以下であってもよく、0.0質量%以下であってもよく、0質量%であってもよい。
正極110は、正極活物質を含むため、リチウム2次電池100は、安定性に優れ、高い出力電圧を有するものとなる。
本明細書において、「正極活物質」とは、正極において電極反応、すなわち酸化反応及び還元反応を生じる物質である。具体的には、本実施形態の正極活物質としてはリチウム元素(典型的には、リチウムイオン)のホスト物質が挙げられる。そのような正極活物質としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、金属酸化物及び金属リン酸塩が挙げられる。上記金属酸化物としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、酸化コバルト系化合物、酸化マンガン系化合物、及び酸化ニッケル系化合物等が挙げられる。上記金属リン酸塩としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、リン酸鉄系化合物、及びリン酸コバルト系化合物が挙げられる。典型的な正極活物質としては、LiCoO2、LiNixCoyMnzO(x+y+z=1)、LiNixMnyO(x+y=1)、LiNiO2、LiMn2O4、LiFePO、LiCoPO、LiFeOF、LiNiOF、及びTiS2が挙げられる。上記のような正極活物質は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を併用して用いられる。
したがって、リチウム2次電池100を初期充電の後に放電させると、正極活物質に由来するリチウム金属が負極上から電解溶出するのに対し、犠牲正極剤に由来するリチウム金属は、そのほとんどが負極上に残留することとなり、電池の放電完了後においても、負極上に一部のリチウム金属が残留することとなる。当該残留リチウム金属は、初期放電に続く充電ステップにおいて、更なるリチウム金属が負極上に析出する際の足場となるため、初期放電後の充電ステップにおいてリチウム金属が負極上に均一に析出しやすくなる。その結果、負極上にデンドライト状のリチウム金属が成長することが抑制されるため、リチウム2次電池100はサイクル特性に優れたものとなる。
また、犠牲正極剤の粒子径D50(S)が20μmを超えると、正極内に犠牲正極剤が局在化し、局在化した犠牲正極剤と対向する負極部分に集中して犠牲正極剤に由来するリチウム金属が析出することとなる。その結果、負極上のリチウム金属は不均一に析出し、すなわちリチウム金属がデンドライト状に成長し、リチウム2次電池のサイクル特性に悪影響を及ぼしてしまうと考えられる。
本実施形態では、正極110に含まれる犠牲正極剤において、粒子径D50(S)は1.0μm以上20μm以下であるため、上記のような問題が生じず、犠牲正極剤の効果が有効かつ確実に奏される。更に、正極110に含まれる犠牲正極剤は、レーザ回折・散乱法により測定される粒度分布において、累積度95%に対応する粒子径D95(S)(以下、「粒子径D95(S)」ともいう。)が1.0μm以上30μm以下であるため、犠牲正極剤の粒子径の分布がより均一なものとなり、リチウム金属がデンドライト状に成長することが抑制される。その結果、上記の犠牲正極剤の効果が十分に発揮されると考えられる。
正極110の片側には、正極集電体150が形成されている。正極集電体150は、電池においてリチウムイオンと反応しない導電体であれば特に限定されない。そのような正極集電体としては、例えば、アルミニウムが挙げられる。
図1に示すように、緩衝機能層130は、セパレータ120の負極140に対向する表面に形成され、緩衝機能層は、ファイバ状又は多孔質状のイオン伝導性を有するものである。ここで、緩衝機能層130は、ファイバ状又は多孔質状であるため、イオン伝導性を有する固体部分と、該固体部分の隙間により構成される空孔部分(「間隙部分」と同意。以下、本明細書中において同じである。)を有する。なお、本明細書において、緩衝機能層における「固体部分」とは、ゲル状の部分を含むこととする。
セパレータ120は、正極110と負極140とを隔離することにより電池が短絡することを防ぎつつ、正極110と負極140との間の電荷キャリアとなるリチウムイオンのイオン伝導性を確保するための部材である。すなわち、セパレータ120は、正極110と負極140を隔離する機能、及びリチウムイオンのイオン伝導性を確保する機能を有する。このようなセパレータとして、上記の2つの機能を有する1種の部材を単独で用いてもよいし、上記の1つの機能を有する部材を2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。セパレータとしては、上述した機能を担うものであれば特に限定されないが、例えば、絶縁性を有する多孔質の部材、ポリマー電解質、及びゲル電解質が挙げられる。
セパレータ120は、絶縁性を有する多孔質の部材、ポリマー電解質、又はゲル電解質を1種単独で、又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。ただし、セパレータ120として絶縁性を有する多孔質の部材を単独で用いる場合、リチウム2次電池100は電解液を更に備える必要がある。
セパレータ120におけるポリマー電解質、又はゲル電解質としては、緩衝機能層のイオン伝導層の項において上述したものを用いることができ、ポリマー電解質、及びゲル電解質が含み得る高分子、塩、その他の成分についても同様である。
リチウム2次電池100は、電解液を有していると好ましい。電解液は、セパレータ120に浸潤させてもよく、リチウム2次電池100と共に電解液を封入したものを完成品としてもよい。電解液は、電解質及び溶媒を含有し、イオン伝導性を有する溶液であり、リチウムイオンの導電経路として作用する。このため、電解液を有するリチウム2次電池100は、内部抵抗が一層低下し、エネルギー密度、容量、及びサイクル特性が一層向上する。
図2に本実施形態のリチウム2次電池の1つの使用態様を示す。リチウム2次電池200は、正極集電体150及び負極140に、リチウム2次電池200を外部回路に接続するための正極端子220及び負極端子210がそれぞれ接合されている。リチウム2次電池200は、負極端子210を外部回路の一端に、正極端子220を外部回路のもう一端に接続することにより充放電される。
図1に示すようなリチウム2次電池100の製造方法としては、上述の構成を備えるリチウム2次電池を製造することができる方法であれば特に限定されないが、例えば以下のような方法が挙げられる。
まず、上述した樹脂(例えば、PVDF)を適当な有機溶媒(例えば、N-メチルピロリドン)に溶解させた溶液を、事前に準備したセパレータ120の表面にバーコーター又はドクターブレードを用いて塗布する。次いで、樹脂溶液を塗付したセパレータ120を、水浴に浸漬した後、室温で十分乾燥させることで、セパレータ120上にファイバ状のイオン伝導層を形成し(なお、イオン伝導層は例えば電池の組立時に電解液が注液されることでイオン伝導機能を発揮するようにしてもよい。)、これによりファイバ状の緩衝機能層を得ることができる。
上述した樹脂(例えば、PVDF)を適当な溶媒(例えば、N-メチルピロリドン)に溶解させた溶液を用いて、従来公知の方法により(例えば、溶媒との相分離を用いる方法、及び発泡剤を用いる方法等。)、連通孔を有する多孔質状のイオン伝導層をセパレータ120の表面に形成し(なお、イオン伝導層は例えば電池の組立時に電解液が注液されることでイオン伝導機能を発揮するようにしてもよい)、これにより多孔質状の緩衝機能層を得ることができる。
(リチウム2次電池)
第2の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池は、第1の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池100と同様、正極と、負極活物質を有しない負極と、正極と負極との間に配置されているセパレータと、負極のセパレータに対向する表面に形成されている緩衝機能層と、を備える。正極は、セパレータに対向する面とは反対側の面に正極集電体を有する。
第2の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池における緩衝機能層は、ファイバ状又は多孔質状のイオン伝導性及び電気伝導性を有するものである。すなわち、本実施形態において、緩衝機能層は、第1の本実施形態の緩衝機能層130が電気伝導性を更に有するものである。
第2の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池は、そのような緩衝機能層を備えるため、第1の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池に比べてサイクル特性に一層優れる。
そのようなイオン電気伝導ファイバ410の一実施形態を、図4(D)に概略断面図として示す。図4(D)に示すように、一実施形態において、イオン電気伝導ファイバ410は、ファイバ状のイオン伝導層400と、イオン伝導層400の表面を被覆する電気伝導層420とを備える。イオン伝導層400は、例えばイオン伝導層として上述したような構成を備え、電気伝導層420は、例えば電気伝導層として上述したような構成を備えていてもよい。
第2の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池の製造方法において、緩衝機能層以外の構成の製造及び各構成の組み立ては第1の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池の製造方法と同様に実施することができる。
上述した電気伝導層を備える緩衝機能層の製造方法は、ファイバ状又は多孔質状のイオン伝導性及び電気伝導性を有する層を得られる限り特に限定されないが、例えば以下のようにすればよい。
まず、上述したとおり、樹脂溶液を塗付したセパレータを、水浴に浸漬した後、室温で十分乾燥させることで、セパレータ上にファイバ状のイオン伝導層を形成させることができる(なお、イオン伝導層は例えば電池の組立時に電解液が注液されることでイオン伝導機能を発揮するようにしてもよい。)。続いて、ファイバ状のイオン伝導層が形成されたセパレータに対して、真空条件下で適当な金属(例えば、Ni)を蒸着させることにより、ファイバ状の緩衝機能層を得ることができる。
まず、上述したように、従来公知の方法により、連通孔を有する多孔質状のイオン伝導層をセパレータの表面に形成する(なお、イオン伝導層は例えば電池の組立時に電解液が注液されることでイオン伝導機能を発揮するようにしてもよい)。続いて、多孔質状のイオン伝導層が形成されたセパレータに対して、真空条件下で適当な金属(例えば、Ni)を蒸着させることにより、多孔質状の緩衝機能層を得ることができる。
(リチウム2次電池)
第3の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池は、リチウム2次電池100と同様、正極と、負極活物質を有しない負極と、正極と負極との間に配置されているセパレータと、負極のセパレータに対向する表面に形成されている緩衝機能層と、を備える。正極は、セパレータに対向する面とは反対側の面に正極集電体を有する。
なお、本明細書において、「レート特性」とは、大電流にて充放電ができる性能を意味し、レート性能は、電池の内部抵抗が低い場合に優れることが知られている。より具体的には、高速(例えば3C)で放電をしたときの放電容量が、低速(例えば0.1C)で放電をしたときの放電容量に比べて、十分高く維持されていることを意味する。本明細書において、「レート特性が優れている」とは、例えば、3Cで放電をしたときの放電容量が、0.1Cで放電をしたときの放電容量に比べて、60%以上、65%以上、又は70%以上であることを意味する。
第3の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池は、第1の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池の製造方法と同様に実施することができる。なお、正極活物質及び犠牲正極剤の粒子径の制御についても第1の本実施形態のリチウム2次電池の製造方法と同様であり、粉砕機を用いて実施することができる。
上記本実施形態は、本発明を説明するための例示であり、本発明をその本実施形態のみに限定する趣旨ではなく、本発明は、その要旨を逸脱しない限り、様々な変形が可能である。
リチウム2次電池の製造に関する各工程は以下のように実施した。
10μmの電解Cu箔を、スルファミン酸を含む溶剤で洗浄した後に所定の大きさに打ち抜き、更に、エタノールで超音波洗浄した後、乾燥させて、負極を得た。
セパレータとして、12μmのポリエチレン微多孔膜の両面に2μmのポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)がコーティングされた所定の大きさのセパレータを準備した。
正極活物質及び犠牲正極剤の混合物を96質量部、導電助剤としてカーボンブラックを2質量部、及びバインダーとしてポリビニリデンフロライド(PVDF)を2質量部混合したものを、正極集電体としての12μmのAl箔の片面に塗布し、プレス成型した。得られた成型体を、打ち抜き加工により、所定の大きさに打ち抜き、正極を得た。
正極活物質としては、LiNi0.85Co0.12Al0.03O2を用いた。後述の試験例1については、犠牲正極剤として表1に記載のものを用いた。後述の試験例2においては、犠牲正極剤としてLi5FeO4を用いた。試験例1及び2で用いた各犠牲正極剤の不可逆容量、粒子径D50(S)、粒子径D95(S)、含有量、及び正極活物質の粒子径D50(A)とD50(S)との比を、表1及び表3に示す。なお、各例において、D50粒子径、及びD95粒子径は、マイクロトラック・ベル社製のMT3000EXにより測定した。
なお、試験例1及び2において、正極活物質及び犠牲正極剤の総量は、リチウム2次電池のセル容量が60mAhになるように調整した。
正極活物質又は犠牲正極剤と、PVDFと、導電助剤と、N-メチルピロリドン(NMP)とを混合し、スラリーを作製して、アルミ箔上に塗布、乾燥、プレスした。対極をリチウム金属とするテストセルを作製し、0.2mAh/cm2の電流で電圧が4.2Vになるまで充電した後、電圧が3.0Vになるまで放電することで、充電容量密度(mAh/g)、及び/又は、不可逆容量密度A(mAh/g)を求めた。
PVDF樹脂をN-メチルピロリドン(NMP)に溶解させた樹脂溶液をセパレータ上にバーコーターを用いて塗布した。次いで、樹脂溶液を塗付したセパレータを、水浴に浸漬した後、室温で十分乾燥させることで、セパレータ上にファイバ状のイオン伝導層を形成した(なお、イオン伝導層は、電池の組立時に後述する電解液(4M LiN(SO2F)2(LFSI)のジメトキシエタン(DME)溶液)が注液されることでイオン伝導機能を発揮する。)。
セパレータ上に形成されたファイバ状のイオン伝導層のファイバ平均直径を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察して測定したところ、100nmであった。
また、緩衝機能層の断面をFIBで作製してSEMで観察したところ、緩衝機能層の平均厚さは10μmであった。透過型電子顕微鏡で緩衝機能層を観察したところ、電気伝導層であるNi薄膜の平均厚さ、及び緩衝機能層の空孔率は、それぞれ、20nm、及び90%であった。
電解液として、4M LiN(SO2F)2(LFSI)のジメトキシエタン(DME)溶液を準備した。
次いで、正極、緩衝機能層が形成されたセパレータ、及び負極を、この順に、積層することで積層体を得た。なお、緩衝機能層が負極と対向するようにして積層を実施した。更に、正極集電体及び負極に、それぞれ100μmのAl端子及び100μmのNi端子を超音波溶接で接合した後、ラミネートの外装体に挿入した。次いで、上記の電解液を上記の外装体に注入した。外装体を封止することにより、リチウム2次電池を得た。
(実施例1~9)
表1に記載の犠牲正極剤を用いて、上記の方法によりリチウム2次電池を作製した。なお、正極活物質及び犠牲正極剤の混合比は、電池のセル容量に対する犠牲正極剤の不可逆容量の割合が表1に「添加率(セル容量比%)」として記載されている各値になるように調整し、具体的には、正極全体に対する犠牲正極剤の含有量が表1に「添加量(質量%)」として記載されている各値になるように調整した。
犠牲正極剤を用いなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウム2次電池を得た。
D50(S)が0.5μmである犠牲正極剤を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、リチウム2次電池を得た。
D50(S)及びD95(S)が表1に記載の値である犠牲正極剤を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、リチウム2次電池を得た。
D50(S)及びD95(S)が表1に記載の値であるLi2O2の犠牲正極剤を用いたこと以外は実施例8と同様にして、リチウム2次電池を得た。
以下のようにして、各実施例及び比較例で作製したリチウム2次電池のエネルギー密度及びサイクル特性を評価した。
参考例として、10μmの電解Cu箔に負極活物質として10質量%のSiを含むグラファイトを担持したものを負極として用いてリチウムイオン電池を作製した。セパレータ、正極、緩衝機能層、及び電解液は試験例1と同様にした。なお、犠牲正極剤の添加量及び粒径は、表2に示す各値になるように調整した。
参考例1として作製したリチウムイオン電池について、試験例1と同様にサイクル特性を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
(実施例10~16)
表3に記載の特徴を有する正極活物質及び犠牲正極剤を含む正極を用いたこと以外は試験例1の実施例と同様にして、リチウム2次電池を作製した。また、試験例2において、正極活物質及び犠牲正極剤の混合比は、電池のセル容量に対する犠牲正極剤の不可逆容量の割合が10%になるように調整した。試験例2の正極全体に対する犠牲正極剤の含有量は、3.3質量%であった。
犠牲正極剤を用いなかった以外は、実施例10と同様にしてリチウム2次電池を得た。
粒子径D50(S)が表3に記載の各値である犠牲正極剤を用いたこと以外は実施例10と同様にして、リチウム2次電池を得た。
粒子径D50(A)及び粒子径D50(S)が表3に記載の各値である正極活物質及び犠牲正極剤を用いたこと以外は実施例12と同様にして、リチウム2次電池を得た。
以下のようにして、各実施例及び比較例で作製したリチウム2次電池のレート特性を評価した。
作製したリチウム2次電池を、3.0mAで4.2VまでCC充電した後、各々の過程で、順に、0.05C、0.1C、0.5C、1.0C、2.0C、又は3.0Cの放電レートでCC放電を行った。なお、この時、下限電圧は3.0Vに設定した。また、各放電と放電の間は、3.0mAで再度4.2VまでCC充電し、充電完了後に次の放電レートでCC放電を実施した。以上のようにして得られた、放電レート0.1Cにおける放電容量の値に対する、放電レート3.0Cにおける放電容量の比を、レート特性(%)として計算し、レート特性の指標として用いた。放電電流を大きくすると、内部抵抗による電圧降下が大きくなり、放電容量が低下する傾向にあるため、レート特性の値が高いほど、レート特性に優れるリチウム2次電池となる。
Claims (9)
- 正極と、
負極活物質を有しない負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に配置されているセパレータと、
前記セパレータの前記負極に対向する表面に形成されているファイバ状又は多孔質状のイオン伝導性を有する緩衝機能層と、を備え、
前記正極が、正極活物質と、前記正極活物質の充放電電位範囲において酸化反応を生じ、かつ、還元反応を実質的に生じないリチウム含有化合物と、を含み、
レーザ回折・散乱法により測定される粒度分布において、
前記リチウム含有化合物の累積度50%に対応する粒子径D50(S)が1.0μm以上20μm以下であり、
前記リチウム含有化合物の累積度95%に対応する粒子径D95(S)が1.0μm以上30μm以下である、
リチウム2次電池。 - 正極と、
負極活物質を有しない負極と、
前記正極と前記負極との間に配置されているセパレータと、
前記セパレータの前記負極に対向する表面に形成されているファイバ状又は多孔質状のイオン伝導性を有する緩衝機能層と、を備え、
前記正極が、正極活物質と、前記正極活物質の充放電電位範囲において酸化反応を生じ、かつ、還元反応を実質的に生じないリチウム含有化合物と、を含み、
レーザ回折・散乱法により測定される粒度分布において、累積度50%に対応する粒子径をD50とした場合、
前記正極活物質のD50(A)が5.0μm以上20μm以下であり、
前記リチウム含有化合物のD50(S)に対する前記正極活物質のD50(A)の粒径比であるD50(A)/D50(S)が、2.0以上10.0以下である、
リチウム2次電池。 - 前記リチウム含有化合物のD50(S)が1.0μm以上10μm以下である、請求項2に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記正極の電極密度が3.0g/cc以上である、請求項2又は3に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有化合物を、前記正極の総質量に対して1.0質量%以上15質量%以下で含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記リチウム2次電池のセル容量に対する前記リチウム含有化合物の不可逆容量の割合が、1.0%以上30%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記緩衝機能層の空孔率が、50%以上である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記緩衝機能層は、電気伝導性を更に有する、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有化合物が、Feを含む化合物である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載のリチウム2次電池。
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP21857987.8A EP4203090A1 (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2021-04-21 | Lithium secondary battery |
JP2022543276A JP7335022B2 (ja) | 2020-08-18 | 2021-04-21 | リチウム2次電池 |
KR1020237007436A KR20230043216A (ko) | 2020-08-18 | 2021-04-21 | 리튬 이차 전지 |
CN202180056811.1A CN116034494A (zh) | 2020-08-18 | 2021-04-21 | 锂二次电池 |
US18/111,339 US20230216044A1 (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2023-02-17 | Lithium secondary battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2020/031096 WO2022038670A1 (ja) | 2020-08-18 | 2020-08-18 | リチウム2次電池 |
JPPCT/JP2020/031096 | 2020-08-18 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US18/111,339 Continuation US20230216044A1 (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2023-02-17 | Lithium secondary battery |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022038835A1 true WO2022038835A1 (ja) | 2022-02-24 |
Family
ID=80322612
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2020/031096 WO2022038670A1 (ja) | 2020-08-18 | 2020-08-18 | リチウム2次電池 |
PCT/JP2020/033590 WO2022038793A1 (ja) | 2020-08-18 | 2020-09-04 | リチウム2次電池 |
PCT/JP2021/016226 WO2022038835A1 (ja) | 2020-08-18 | 2021-04-21 | リチウム2次電池 |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2020/031096 WO2022038670A1 (ja) | 2020-08-18 | 2020-08-18 | リチウム2次電池 |
PCT/JP2020/033590 WO2022038793A1 (ja) | 2020-08-18 | 2020-09-04 | リチウム2次電池 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20230216044A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4203090A1 (ja) |
JP (3) | JP7335024B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20230043216A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN116034494A (ja) |
WO (3) | WO2022038670A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20220069150A (ko) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-05-27 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 전고체 전지 및 그 제조방법 |
WO2023242982A1 (ja) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-21 | TeraWatt Technology株式会社 | 2次電池及び2次電池の製造方法 |
WO2024079848A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-13 | 2024-04-18 | TeraWatt Technology株式会社 | リチウム2次電池及びその製造方法 |
WO2024089460A1 (ja) * | 2022-10-27 | 2024-05-02 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池 |
CN118156421B (zh) * | 2024-03-25 | 2024-09-10 | 昆明理工大学 | 一种互穿型固态电解质界面的制备方法和应用 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013175412A (ja) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-05 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2014143133A (ja) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-08-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | 二次電池用正極、二次電池用正極の製造方法、及び、全固体二次電池 |
JP2015519686A (ja) * | 2012-04-10 | 2015-07-09 | カリフォルニア インスティチュート オブ テクノロジー | 電気化学システムの新規セパレータ |
JP2018185906A (ja) * | 2017-04-24 | 2018-11-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 二次電池の製造方法 |
JP2019145299A (ja) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-29 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | 全固体型二次電池 |
JP2019145401A (ja) * | 2018-02-22 | 2019-08-29 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 正極活物質、Li5FeO4、結着剤及び溶剤を含む組成物の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3065797B2 (ja) * | 1992-07-29 | 2000-07-17 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
WO2015030230A1 (ja) * | 2013-09-02 | 2015-03-05 | 日本ゴア株式会社 | 保護膜、ならびにそれを用いたセパレータおよび二次電池 |
WO2017214276A1 (en) | 2016-06-08 | 2017-12-14 | SolidEnergy Systems | High energy density, high power density, high capacity, and room temperature capable "anode-free" rechargeable batteries |
JP6460143B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2019-01-30 | Tdk株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
KR102115602B1 (ko) | 2017-06-21 | 2020-05-26 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지 |
WO2019045399A2 (ko) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-07 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지 |
US11024849B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 | 2021-06-01 | Global Graphene Group, Inc. | Fast-chargeable lithium battery |
CN113614977B (zh) | 2019-03-22 | 2024-06-18 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 全固态锂离子二次电池及其制造方法、以及负极用层叠片 |
JP7304278B2 (ja) | 2019-12-04 | 2023-07-06 | 株式会社Soken | 全固体電池およびその製造方法 |
JP2021150152A (ja) | 2020-03-18 | 2021-09-27 | 株式会社デンソー | 全固体電池 |
-
2020
- 2020-08-18 JP JP2022543837A patent/JP7335024B2/ja active Active
- 2020-08-18 WO PCT/JP2020/031096 patent/WO2022038670A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2020-09-04 WO PCT/JP2020/033590 patent/WO2022038793A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2020-09-04 JP JP2022543264A patent/JP7551169B2/ja active Active
-
2021
- 2021-04-21 CN CN202180056811.1A patent/CN116034494A/zh active Pending
- 2021-04-21 KR KR1020237007436A patent/KR20230043216A/ko unknown
- 2021-04-21 JP JP2022543276A patent/JP7335022B2/ja active Active
- 2021-04-21 EP EP21857987.8A patent/EP4203090A1/en active Pending
- 2021-04-21 WO PCT/JP2021/016226 patent/WO2022038835A1/ja unknown
-
2023
- 2023-02-17 US US18/111,339 patent/US20230216044A1/en active Pending
- 2023-02-17 US US18/111,334 patent/US20230207790A1/en active Pending
- 2023-02-17 US US18/111,337 patent/US20230395939A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2013175412A (ja) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-05 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2015519686A (ja) * | 2012-04-10 | 2015-07-09 | カリフォルニア インスティチュート オブ テクノロジー | 電気化学システムの新規セパレータ |
JP2014143133A (ja) * | 2013-01-25 | 2014-08-07 | Toyota Motor Corp | 二次電池用正極、二次電池用正極の製造方法、及び、全固体二次電池 |
JP2018185906A (ja) * | 2017-04-24 | 2018-11-22 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 二次電池の製造方法 |
JP2019145299A (ja) * | 2018-02-20 | 2019-08-29 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | 全固体型二次電池 |
JP2019145401A (ja) * | 2018-02-22 | 2019-08-29 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 正極活物質、Li5FeO4、結着剤及び溶剤を含む組成物の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
CHEM. MATER., vol. 22, 2010, pages 1263 - 1270 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4203090A1 (en) | 2023-06-28 |
CN116034494A (zh) | 2023-04-28 |
US20230216044A1 (en) | 2023-07-06 |
JP7335022B2 (ja) | 2023-08-29 |
JPWO2022038793A1 (ja) | 2022-02-24 |
US20230207790A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
WO2022038793A1 (ja) | 2022-02-24 |
JPWO2022038835A1 (ja) | 2022-02-24 |
JPWO2022038670A1 (ja) | 2022-02-24 |
JP7551169B2 (ja) | 2024-09-17 |
JP7335024B2 (ja) | 2023-08-29 |
KR20230043216A (ko) | 2023-03-30 |
WO2022038670A1 (ja) | 2022-02-24 |
US20230395939A1 (en) | 2023-12-07 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2022038835A1 (ja) | リチウム2次電池 | |
JP6196329B2 (ja) | カソード活性材料、電極及びリチウムイオン移動度及び電池容量が改良された二次バッテリー | |
EP3580171B1 (en) | Passivation of lithium metal by two-dimensional materials for rechargeable batteries | |
KR101982682B1 (ko) | 리튬 2차 전지 | |
CN111758176B (zh) | 负极活性物质的预掺杂方法、负极的制造方法、以及蓄电装置的制造方法 | |
CN111883815A (zh) | 可再充电锂电池 | |
US20060088767A1 (en) | Battery with molten salt electrolyte and high voltage positive active material | |
US20130224599A1 (en) | Negative active material for rechargeable lithium battery, method of preparing the same, and rechargeable lithium battery including the same | |
WO2021250803A1 (ja) | 2次電池及びその製造方法 | |
WO2022054343A1 (ja) | リチウム2次電池 | |
KR20150065078A (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질, 이의 제조 방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차 전지 | |
JP2014022245A (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池およびその製造方法 | |
WO2022054338A1 (ja) | リチウム2次電池 | |
WO2022254717A1 (ja) | リチウム2次電池 | |
WO2022244110A1 (ja) | リチウム2次電池及びその使用方法、並びにリチウム2次電池の製造方法 | |
JP2022002188A (ja) | リチウムイオン電池用セパレータ | |
US20230137413A1 (en) | Lithium secondary battery and method for using same | |
JP7340303B2 (ja) | リチウム2次電池及びその製造方法 | |
US20230378436A1 (en) | Lithium secondary battery | |
WO2022091407A1 (ja) | リチウム2次電池 | |
WO2022215160A1 (ja) | リチウム2次電池 | |
WO2021245745A1 (ja) | 電池及びその製造方法 | |
JP4501638B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池 | |
TW202401877A (zh) | 電極材 | |
JP2022015971A (ja) | 負極材料 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21857987 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022543276 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20237007436 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021857987 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230320 |