WO2022085620A1 - ポリアミド酸、ポリアミド酸溶液、ポリイミド、ポリイミド膜、積層体、電子デバイス、及びポリイミド膜の製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリアミド酸、ポリアミド酸溶液、ポリイミド、ポリイミド膜、積層体、電子デバイス、及びポリイミド膜の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/34—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyamides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08J2379/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyamic acid, a polyamic acid solution, a polyimide, a polyimide film, a laminate, an electronic device, and a method for manufacturing a polyimide film.
- the present invention further relates to an electronic device material using polyimide, a thin film transistor (TFT) substrate, a flexible display substrate, a color filter, a printed matter, an optical material, an image display device (more specifically, a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL, an electron). Paper, etc.), 3D displays, solar cells, touch panels, transparent thin-film transistor substrates, and alternative materials for members for which glass is currently used.
- TFT thin film transistor
- polyimide has sufficient heat resistance to be adapted to high temperature processes, and its coefficient of linear expansion is close to that of glass substrates and electronic elements, so internal stress is unlikely to occur, and polyimide is suitable for substrate materials such as flexible displays.
- aromatic polyimide is colored yellowish brown due to intramolecular conjugation and formation of charge transfer (CT) complex, but in top emission type organic EL etc., light is taken out from the opposite side of the substrate, so it is on the substrate. Transparency is not required, and conventional aromatic polyimides have been used.
- a display element such as a transparent display, bottom emission type organic EL, or liquid crystal display
- a smartphone or the like is used as a full-screen display (notchless)
- a sensor or the like is used.
- the substrate is also required to have high optical characteristics (more specifically, low colorability and the like).
- the polyimide substrate is used as an image display device, if the retardation (Rth) in the thickness direction of the polyimide substrate is high, the display performance of the image display device tends to deteriorate.
- Patent Document 1 As a plastic material having a small coefficient of linear expansion (low thermal expansion) and high transparency, polyimide using a monomer having a rigid structure is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Further, Patent Document 2 describes that a polyimide film having excellent transparency and heat resistance can be obtained by using a diamine having a fluorene structure.
- the present invention has been accomplished in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a polyimide having low coloring and low thermal expansion, and a polyamic acid as a precursor thereof, in addition to being able to reduce Rth. Further, it is also an object to provide a product or member manufactured by using the polyimide and the polyamic acid, which is required to have low Rth, low coloring property and low thermal expansion property.
- the polyamic acid according to the present invention has a tetravalent organic group represented by the following general formula (1) as a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride residue, and has a p-phenylenediamine residue and a diamine residue as diamine residues. It has one or more selected from the group consisting of (2-phenyl-4-aminophenyl) -4-aminobenzoate residues.
- the content of the tetravalent organic group represented by the following general formula (1) is 90 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less with respect to the total tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride residue.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group having 1 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms, alkenyl group having 2 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms, and carbon atom number.
- R 1 and R 2 both represent hydrogen atoms.
- the polyamic acid according to one embodiment of the present invention has 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide residue, 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine residue, and 9,9-bis (9,9-bis) as diamine residues. It further has one or more selected from the group consisting of 4-aminophenyl) fluorene residues.
- the polyamic acid solution according to the present invention contains the polyamic acid according to the present invention and an organic solvent.
- the polyimide according to the present invention is an imidized product of the polyamic acid according to the present invention.
- the polyimide according to the present invention preferably has a glass transition temperature of 350 ° C. or higher.
- the polyimide film according to the present invention includes the polyimide according to the present invention.
- the laminate according to the present invention has a support and a polyimide film according to the present invention.
- the electronic device according to the present invention has a polyimide film according to the present invention and an electronic element arranged on the polyimide film.
- a coating film containing the polyamic acid is formed by applying the polyamic acid solution according to the present invention on a support, and the coating film is heated to imide the polyamic acid. To become.
- the maximum temperature at which the coating film is heated is 380 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower.
- the heating time at the maximum temperature is 5 minutes or more and 60 minutes or less.
- the polyimide film obtained by heating the coating film is peeled off from the support.
- the polyimide film is peeled from the support by laser irradiation.
- the polyimide produced by using the polyamic acid according to the present invention can reduce Rth and is excellent in low coloring property and low thermal expansion property. Therefore, the polyimide produced by using the polyamic acid according to the present invention is suitable as a material for an electronic device that requires low Rth, low coloring property, and low thermal expansion property.
- the "structural unit” means a repeating unit constituting the polymer.
- the “polyamic acid” is a polymer containing a structural unit represented by the following general formula (2) (hereinafter, may be referred to as “structural unit (2)").
- a 1 represents a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride residue (a tetravalent organic group derived from tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride), and A 2 is a diamine residue (divalent derived from diamine). Represents an organic group).
- the content of the structural unit (2) with respect to all the structural units constituting the polyamic acid is, for example, 50 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less, preferably 60 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less, and more preferably 70 mol% or less. It is 100 mol% or less, more preferably 80 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less, still more preferably 90 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less, and may be 100 mol%.
- the "1% weight reduction temperature” is the measured temperature when the weight of the polyimide at a measurement temperature of 150 ° C. is used as a reference (100% by weight) and the weight is reduced by 1% by weight with respect to the above standard weight.
- linear expansion coefficient is the linear expansion coefficient (linear expansion coefficient at the time of temperature decrease) when the temperature is lowered from 350 ° C to 100 ° C.
- alkyl group having 1 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms is linear or branched and unsubstituted.
- alkyl group having 1 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an s-butyl group, a t-butyl group, an n-pentyl group and an isopentyl.
- Examples include a group, a neopentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an n-undecyl group, and an n-dodecyl group.
- alkenyl group having 2 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms is linear or branched and unsubstituted.
- alkenyl group having 2 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms include a vinyl group, a 2-propenyl group, a 3-butenyl group, a 2-butenyl group, a 4-pentenyl group, a 3-pentenyl group, a 2-hexenyl group and a 3-.
- alkoxy group having 1 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms is linear or branched and unsubstituted.
- alkoxy group having 1 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an s-butoxy group, a t-butoxy group and an n-pentyloxy group.
- Isopentyloxy group Isopentyloxy group, neopentyloxy group, n-hexyloxy group, n-heptyloxy group, n-octyloxy group, n-nonyloxy group, n-decyloxy group, n-undecyloxy group, and n-dodecyl.
- Oxy group is mentioned.
- the "aryl group having 6 or more and 14 or less carbon atoms" is unsubstituted.
- the aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms include an unsubstituted aromatic monocyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms and an unsubstituted aromatic fused bicycle having 6 to 14 carbon atoms.
- examples thereof include hydrocarbon groups and unsubstituted aromatic condensed tricyclic hydrocarbon groups having 6 or more and 14 or less carbon atoms.
- More specific aryl groups having 6 or more and 14 or less carbon atoms include, for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthryl group, and a phenanthryl group.
- the compound and its derivatives may be collectively referred to by adding "system” after the compound name.
- the polymer name is represented by adding "system” after the compound name, it means that the repeating unit of the polymer is derived from the compound or its derivative.
- tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride may be referred to as "acid dianhydride”.
- the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment has a tetravalent organic group represented by the following general formula (1) as a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride residue, and a p-phenylenediamine residue as a diamine residue. And (2-phenyl-4-aminophenyl) -4-aminobenzoate have one or more selected from the group consisting of residues.
- the content of the tetravalent organic group represented by the following general formula (1) is 90 mol% or more and 100 mol% with respect to the total tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride residue constituting the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment. The following is preferable.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen atom, halogen atom, alkyl group having 1 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 2 or more and 12 or less carbon atoms, and 1 carbon atom. Represents an alkoxy group of 12 or more, an aryl group of 6 or more and 14 or less carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a nitrile group, a nitro group, a carboxy group, or an amide group.
- R 1 and R 2 are preferably hydrogen atoms, methyl groups or ethyl groups, respectively, and it is particularly preferable that both R 1 and R 2 represent hydrogen atoms. ..
- the tetravalent organic group represented by the general formula (1) is 9,9-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) fluorene dianhydride (hereinafter, may be referred to as "BPAF").
- BPAF residue which is the partial structure of origin, is particularly preferred. That is, it is particularly preferable that the polyamic acid according to this embodiment has a BPAF residue as A1 in the general formula (2).
- R 1 and R 2 in the general formula (1) will be described as representing a hydrogen atom.
- BPAF Since BPAF has a bulky fluorene structure, it can suppress the formation of a charge transfer (CT) complex. Therefore, BPAF is suitable as a raw material (monomer) for (low-coloring) polyimide with reduced coloring. Further, in the polyimide using BPAF as a raw material (monomer), since the fluorene ring derived from BPAF is twisted with respect to the main chain, birefringence is less likely to occur. Therefore, BPAF is suitable as a raw material (monomer) for polyimide that can reduce Rth.
- CT charge transfer
- an acid dianhydride other than BPAF may be used as a monomer as long as its performance is not impaired.
- acid dianhydrides other than BPAF include pyromellitic acid dianhydride (hereinafter, may be referred to as “PMDA”), 3,3 ′, 4,4 ′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (hereinafter, may be referred to as “PMDA”).
- BPDA p-phenylenebis (trimeritate anhydride), 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid.
- Acid dianhydride 2,2', 3,3'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 3,3', 4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 4,4'-oxydiphthalic acid anhydride , 4,4'-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic acid anhydride, dicyclohexyl-3,3', 4,4'-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride 1,2,3,4-Cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, 2'-oxodispyro [bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane-2,1'-cyclopentane-3', 2''-bicyclo [ 2.2.1] Heptane] -5, 6: 5'', 6''-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and derivatives thereof may be
- the content of BPAF residue is preferably 92 mol% or more with respect to the total tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride residue constituting the polyamic acid. It is more preferably 95 mol% or more, further preferably 97 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 100 mol% (having only the BPAF residue as the acid dianhydride residue).
- the acid dianhydride other than BPAF is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of PMDA and BPDA from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance and mechanical strength, and PMDA is preferable. More preferred. That is, when the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment has an acid dianhydride residue other than the BPAF residue as the acid dianhydride residue, the acid dianhydride residue other than the BPAF residue includes the PMDA residue and One or more selected from the group consisting of BPDA residues is preferable, and PMDA residues are more preferable.
- the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment has one or more selected from the group consisting of PMDA residues and BPDA residues, all acids constituting the polyamic acid are formed from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance and mechanical strength while reducing coloring.
- the total content of the PMDA residue and the BPDA residue with respect to the dianhydride residue is preferably 1 mol% or more and 10 mol% or less, and more preferably 3 mol% or more and 7 mol% or less.
- the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment has one or more selected from the group consisting of PMDA residues and BPDA residues
- the polyamic acid is constituted from the viewpoint of improving heat resistance and mechanical strength while reducing coloring and Rth.
- the total content of BPAF residue, PMDA residue and BPDA residue with respect to the total acid dianhydride residue is preferably 91 mol% or more, more preferably 93 mol% or more, and 95 mol%. The above is even more preferable, 97 mol% or more is even more preferable, and it may be 100 mol%.
- the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment has, as diamine residues, a PDA residue having a partial structure derived from p-phenylenediamine (hereinafter, may be referred to as “PDA”) and (2-phenyl-4-amino). It has one or more selected from the group consisting of PHBAAB residues which are partial structures derived from phenyl) -4-aminobenzoate (hereinafter, may be referred to as "PHBAAB”). That is, the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment has one or more selected from the group consisting of PDA residues and PHBAAB residues as A 2 in the general formula (2). Since both PDA and PHBAAB have a rigid structure, they are suitable as raw materials (monomers) for low thermal expansion polyimide.
- PDA PDA residue having a partial structure derived from p-phenylenediamine
- PHBAAB (2-phenyl-4-aminobenzoate
- the PDA residue is a divalent organic group represented by the following chemical formula (3).
- the PHBAAB residue is a divalent organic group represented by the following chemical formula (4).
- diamines other than PDA and PHBAAB may be used as a monomer as long as the performance is not impaired.
- diamines other than PDA and PHBAAB include 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (hereinafter, may be referred to as "DABA”) and 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine (hereinafter, "TFMB”).
- DABA 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide
- TFMB 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine
- BAFL 9,9-Bis (4-aminophenyl) fluorene
- 4-aminophenyl-4-aminobenzoate 1,4-diamino.
- the total content of PDA residues and PHBAAB residues is preferably 0.1 mol% or more with respect to all the diamine residues constituting the polyamic acid. 9.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 50.0 mol% or more, 70.0 mol% or more, 90.0 mol% or more, 99.0 mol% or more or 99. It may be 9 mol% or more, or 100.0 mol%.
- the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment may have only a PDA residue as a diamine residue, may have only a PHBAAB residue, or may have only a PDA residue and a PHBAAB residue. , PDA residue and PHBAAB residue, and may have a diamine residue other than PDA residue and PHBAAB residue.
- the diamines other than PDA and PHBAAB are selected from the group consisting of DABA, TFMB and BAFL in order to further reduce coloring and Rth while reducing the coefficient of linear expansion. More than one type is preferable. That is, when the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment has a diamine residue other than the PDA residue and the PHBAAB residue as the diamine residue, the diamine residue other than the PDA residue and the PHBAAB residue includes the DABA residue and TFMB. One or more selected from the group consisting of residues and BAFL residues is preferable.
- the polyamic acid according to this embodiment has a DABA residue as a diamine residue.
- the content of DABA residues is 0.1 with respect to all diamine residues constituting the polyamic acid in order to further reduce the linear expansion coefficient. It is preferably 1.0 mol% or more, 1.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 50.0 mol% or more, 70.0 mol% or more, 90.0 mol% or more. , Or 99.0 mol% or more, and may be 99.0 mol% or more and 99.9 mol% or less.
- the polyamic acid according to this embodiment has a TFMB residue as a diamine residue.
- the content of the TFMB residues is 0.1 mol% with respect to all the diamine residues constituting the polyamic acid in order to further reduce the coloring. It is preferably 1.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, 30.0 mol% or more, 50.0 mol% or more, 70.0 mol% or more, 90.0 mol% or more, or It may be 99.0 mol% or more, and may be 99.0 mol% or more and 99.9 mol% or less.
- the polyamic acid according to this embodiment has a BAFL residue as a diamine residue.
- the content of BAFL residues is 0.1 mol% with respect to all the diamine residues constituting the polyamic acid. It is preferably 1.0 mol% or more, 10.0 mol% or more, or 30.0 mol% or more, or 30.0 mol% or more and 50.0 mol% or less. good.
- the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment has one or more selected from the group consisting of DABA residue, TFMB residue and BAFL residue, in order to further reduce coloring and Rth and reduce the linear expansion coefficient, it is necessary to reduce the linear expansion coefficient.
- the total content of PDA residues, PHBAAB residues, DABA residues, TFMB residues and BAFL residues with respect to all the diamine residues constituting the polyamic acid is preferably 90.0 mol% or more, and 93. It is more preferably 0 mol% or more, further preferably 95.0 mol% or more, further preferably 97.0 mol% or more, and may be 100.0 mol%.
- the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment preferably satisfies the following condition 1, and more preferably satisfies the following conditions 1 and 2. It is preferable to satisfy the following conditions 1, 2 and 3 more preferably. In order to make the coefficient of linear expansion particularly small, it is preferable to satisfy the following conditions 1 and 4. In order to particularly reduce coloring, it is preferable to satisfy the following conditions 1 and 5. In order to particularly reduce Rth, it is preferable to satisfy the following conditions 1 and 6.
- Condition 1 Polyamic acid has only BPAF residues as acid dianhydride residues.
- Condition 2 The polyamic acid further has, as a diamine residue, one or more selected from the group consisting of DABA residue, TFMB residue and BAFL residue.
- Condition 3 The total content of PDA residue, PHBAAB residue, DABA residue, TFMB residue and BAFL residue with respect to all the diamine residues constituting the polyamic acid is 100.0 mol%.
- Condition 4 Polyamic acid has only PDA residues and DABA residues as diamine residues.
- Condition 5 The polyamic acid has only PDA residues and TFMB residues as diamine residues, or has only PHBAAB residues and TFMB residues.
- Condition 6 The polyamic acid has only PDA residues and BAFL residues as diamine residues, or has only PDA residues and PHBAAB residues.
- Amount of substance ratio (molar ratio) obtained by dividing the total amount of substance of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride residue by the total amount of substance of diamine residue from the viewpoint of suppressing the decrease in transparency due to the residual unreacted monomer during polyimide formation. ) Is preferably 0.900 or more and less than 1.100, and more preferably 0.950 or more and 1.080 or less. By adjusting the substance amount ratio within the above range, a polyimide having excellent transparency can be obtained.
- the polyamic acid of the present invention can be synthesized by a known general method, and can be obtained, for example, by reacting a diamine with a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride in an organic solvent.
- the monomer component used for the synthesis of polyamic acid may contain other than diamine and tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride.
- a monofunctional amine or a monofunctional acid anhydride may be used for the purpose of adjusting the molecular weight.
- An example of a specific method for synthesizing polyamic acid will be described. First, in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen, diamine is dissolved in an organic solvent or dispersed in a slurry to prepare a diamine solution. Then, the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is added to the diamine solution after being dissolved in an organic solvent or dispersed in a slurry, or in a solid state.
- the amount of diamine when using multiple diamines, the amount of each diamine
- the amount of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride When using multiple types of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, the amount of each tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride is adjusted) to obtain the desired polyamic acid (polymer of diamine and tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride). ) Can be obtained.
- the mole fraction of each residue in the polyamic acid is consistent with, for example, the mole fraction of each monomer (diamine and tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride) used in the synthesis of the polyamic acid. Further, by blending two kinds of polyamic acids, a polyamic acid containing a plurality of kinds of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride residues and a plurality of kinds of diamine residues can also be obtained.
- the temperature condition of the reaction between the diamine and the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, that is, the synthetic reaction of the polyamic acid is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 20 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower.
- the reaction time of the polyamic acid synthesis reaction is, for example, in the range of 10 minutes or more and 30 hours or less.
- the organic solvent used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid is preferably a solvent capable of dissolving the tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and the diamine used, and more preferably a solvent capable of dissolving the polyamic acid to be produced.
- examples of the organic solvent used for the synthesis of polyamic acid include urea-based solvents such as tetramethylurea and N, N-dimethylethylurea; sulfoxide-based solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide; and diphenylsulfones and tetramethylsulfones.
- Solvent-based solvent such as N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N, N-diethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), hexamethylphosphate triamide, etc.
- Ester solvent such as ⁇ -butyrolactone
- Alkyl halide solvent such as chloroform and methylene chloride
- Aromatic hydrocarbon solvent such as benzene and toluene
- Phenolic solvent such as phenol and cresol
- Cyclopentanone and the like Ketone-based solvent examples thereof include ether-based solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and p-cresol methyl ether.
- these solvents are used alone, but if necessary, two or more kinds may be used in combination as appropriate.
- the organic solvent used in the synthetic reaction of polyamic acid is one selected from the group consisting of amide-based solvents, ketone-based solvents, ester-based solvents and ether-based solvents.
- the above solvents are preferable, and amide-based solvents (more specifically, DMF, DMAC, NMP, etc.) are more preferable.
- the synthetic reaction of polyamic acid is preferably carried out in an atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment is preferably in the range of 10,000 or more and 1,000,000 or less, and is preferably in the range of 20,000 or more and 500,000 or less, although it depends on the intended use. More preferably, it is more preferably in the range of 30,000 or more and 200,000 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight is 10,000 or more, the polyamic acid or the polyimide obtained by using the polyamic acid can be easily used as a coating film or a polyimide film (film).
- the weight average molecular weight used here means a polyethylene oxide equivalent value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the polyamic acid solution according to the present embodiment contains the above-mentioned polyamic acid according to the present embodiment and an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent contained in the polyamic acid solution include organic solvents exemplified as organic solvents that can be used in the synthesis reaction of the polyamic acid, and include amide-based solvents, ketone-based solvents, ester-based solvents, and ethers.
- One or more solvents selected from the group consisting of based solvents are preferable, and amide-based solvents (more specifically, DMF, DMAC, NMP, etc.) are more preferable.
- the reaction solution solution after the reaction
- the solid polyamic acid obtained by removing the solvent from the reaction solution may be dissolved in an organic solvent to prepare the polyamic acid solution according to the present embodiment.
- the content of the polyamic acid in the polyamic acid solution according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1% by weight or more and 80% by weight or less with respect to the total amount of the polyamic acid solution.
- the polyimide according to the present embodiment is an imidized product of the polyamic acid according to the above-mentioned embodiment.
- the polyimide according to this embodiment can be obtained by a known method, and the manufacturing method thereof is not particularly limited.
- Imidization is performed by dehydrating and ring-closing the polyamic acid. This dehydration ring closure can be performed by an azeotropic method using an azeotropic solvent, a thermal method, or a chemical method.
- the imidization of the polyamic acid to the polyimide can take any ratio of 1% or more and 100% or less.
- a partially imidized polyamic acid may be synthesized.
- the ring-closing reaction from the polyamic acid to the polyimide and the hydrolysis of the polyamic acid are proceeding at the same time, and the molecular weight of the polyimide may be lower than the molecular weight of the polyamic acid. Therefore, it is preferable to imidize a part of the polyamic acid in the polyamic acid solution in advance from the viewpoint of improving the mechanical properties before forming the polyimide film described later.
- a partially imidized polyamic acid may also be referred to as "polyamic acid".
- the dehydration ring closure of the polyamic acid may be performed by heating the polyamic acid.
- the method for heating the polyamic acid is not particularly limited, but for example, the temperature after applying the polyamic acid solution according to the present embodiment described above on a support such as a glass substrate, a metal plate, or a PET film (polyethylene terephthalate film).
- the heat treatment of the polyamic acid may be performed within the range of 40 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower.
- the laminate according to the present embodiment has a support and a polyimide film (specifically, a polyimide film containing an imidized polyamic acid according to the present embodiment) arranged on the support. Is obtained.
- the polyamic acid can be dehydrated and ring-closed by directly placing the polyamic acid solution in a container that has been subjected to a mold release treatment such as coating with a fluororesin, and heating and drying the polyamic acid solution under reduced pressure.
- Polyimide can be obtained by dehydration ring closure of polyamic acid by these methods.
- the heating time of each of the above treatments varies depending on the treatment amount of the polyamic acid solution for dehydration ring closure and the heating temperature, but generally, it is in the range of 1 minute or more and 300 minutes or less after the treatment temperature reaches the maximum temperature. It is preferable to set the temperature in the range of 5 minutes or more and 60 minutes or less.
- an imidizing agent and / or a dehydration catalyst is added to the polyamic acid solution, and the polyamic acid solution to which the imidizing agent and / or the dehydration catalyst is added is heated by the above method. May be imidized.
- the imidizing agent is not particularly limited, but a tertiary amine can be used.
- a tertiary amine a heterocyclic tertiary amine is preferable.
- Preferred specific examples of the heterocyclic tertiary amine include pyridine, picoline, quinoline, isoquinoline, 1,2-dimethylimidazole and the like.
- Preferred specific examples of the dehydration catalyst include acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride, n-butyric anhydride, benzoic acid anhydride, and trifluoroacetic anhydride.
- the amount of the imidizing agent added is preferably 0.5 times molar equivalent or more and 5.0 times molar equivalent or less, and 0.7 times molar equivalent or more and 2.5 times molar equivalent or less with respect to the amide group of polyamic acid. More preferably, it is more preferably 0.8 times molar equivalent or more and 2.0 times molar equivalent or less.
- the amount of the dehydration catalyst added is preferably 0.5 times molar equivalent or more and 10.0 times molar equivalent or less, and 0.7 times molar equivalent or more and 5.0 times molar equivalent or less with respect to the amide group of polyamic acid. Is more preferable, and more preferably 0.8 times molar equivalent or more and 3.0 times molar equivalent or less.
- the "amide group of polyamic acid” refers to an amide group generated by the polymerization reaction of diamine and tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride.
- the imidizing agent and / or the dehydration catalyst may be added directly without being dissolved in an organic solvent, or those dissolved in an organic solvent may be added.
- the reaction may proceed rapidly before the imidizing agent and / or the dehydration catalyst diffuses, and a gel may be formed. Therefore, it is preferable to add the solution obtained by dissolving the imidizing agent and / or the dehydration catalyst in an organic solvent to the polyamic acid solution.
- the polyimide film according to this embodiment (specifically, the polyimide film containing an imidized polyamic acid according to this embodiment) is colorless and transparent, has a low yellowness, and has a glass transition temperature (heat resistance) that can withstand the TFT manufacturing process. Since it has, it is suitable as a transparent substrate material for flexible displays.
- the content of the polyimide (specifically, the imidized polyamic acid according to the present embodiment) in the polyimide film according to the present embodiment is, for example, 70% by weight or more, and 80% by weight or more, based on the total amount of the polyimide film. It is preferably 90% by weight or more, and may be 100% by weight.
- the components other than the polyimide in the polyimide film include additives (more specifically, nanosilica particles and the like) described later.
- the electronic device according to the present embodiment has a polyimide film according to the present embodiment and an electronic element directly or indirectly arranged on the polyimide film.
- an inorganic base material such as glass is used as a support, and a polyimide film is formed on the support.
- an electronic element such as a TFT
- the step of forming the TFT is generally carried out in a wide temperature range of 150 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower, but in order to actually achieve the desired performance, the oxide semiconductor layer or the a-Si layer is carried out at 300 ° C. or higher. In some cases, a—Si and the like may be further crystallized by a laser or the like.
- the thermal decomposition temperature of the polyimide film is low, outgas is generated during the formation of the electronic element and adheres to the oven as a sublimate, which causes contamination in the furnace or an inorganic film formed on the polyimide film (
- the 1% weight loss temperature of the polyimide is preferably 500 ° C. or higher because the barrier membrane and the like described later) and the electronic element may be peeled off.
- an inorganic film such as a silicon oxide film (SiOx film) or a silicon nitride film (SiNx film) is formed as a barrier film on the polyimide film.
- the polyimide and the inorganic film may be peeled off due to a volatile component such as a decomposition gas of the polyimide in a high temperature process after laminating the inorganic film. Therefore, in addition to the 1% weight loss temperature of the polyimide being 500 ° C. or higher, the weight loss rate when the polyimide is kept at an isothermal temperature within the range of 400 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower is less than 1%. desirable.
- the Tg of the polyimide is preferably 300 ° C. or higher. It is more preferably 350 ° C. or higher, and even more preferably 400 ° C. or higher. The higher the upper limit of Tg of polyimide, the better, but it is, for example, 450 ° C.
- the Tg of polyimide can be adjusted, for example, by changing the content of residues having a rigid structure (more specifically, PDA residues, PHBAAB residues, etc.).
- the coefficient of linear expansion of the glass substrate is generally smaller than that of the resin, an internal stress is generated between the glass substrate and the polyimide film. If the internal stress of the laminate of the glass substrate used as the support and the polyimide film is high, the laminate containing the polyimide film expands in the high-temperature TFT forming step and then shrinks when cooled to room temperature, resulting in the glass substrate. Problems such as warpage and breakage of the polyimide film and peeling of the polyimide film from the glass substrate occur. Therefore, the internal stress generated in the laminate of the polyimide film and the glass substrate is preferably 50 MPa or less.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the polyimide film is preferably 100 ppm / K or less, more preferably 90 ppm / K or less, and further preferably 80 ppm / K or less. preferable.
- the coefficient of linear expansion of the polyimide film is -10 ppm / K or more and 80 ppm / K or less, 0 ppm / K or more and 80 ppm / K or less, 10 ppm / K or more and 80 ppm / K or less, 20 ppm / K or more and 80 ppm / K or less, 30 ppm / K or more and 80 ppm. It may be / K or less, 40 ppm / K or more and 80 ppm / K or less, or 50 ppm / K or more and 80 ppm / K or less.
- the thickness direction retardation (Rth) of the polyimide film with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm should be 200 nm or less as a value converted to a polyimide film having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m. It is preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 90 nm or less, further preferably 80 nm or less, and particularly preferably 70 nm or less.
- the transparency of the polyimide film includes total light transmittance (TT) according to JIS K7361-1: 1997, light transmittance at a wavelength of 450 nm (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as "light transmittance"), and JIS. It can be evaluated by the haze according to K7136-2000.
- TT total light transmittance
- the total light transmittance of the polyimide film is preferably 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more.
- the light transmittance of the polyimide film is preferably 75% or more, more preferably 78% or more.
- the haze of the polyimide film is preferably 1.5% or less, more preferably 1.2% or less, and 1.0%. It is more preferably less than.
- the polyimide film is required to have high transmittance in the entire wavelength region, but the polyimide film tends to absorb light on the short wavelength side, and the film itself turns yellow. Often colored.
- the yellowness (YI) of the polyimide film is preferably 25 or less, more preferably 20 or less, and 14 or less. Is more preferable, and 12 or less is particularly preferable. YI can be measured according to JIS K7373-2006.
- the polyimide film to which transparency is imparted in this way is suitable for a transparent substrate for use as a substitute for glass and a substrate on which a sensor and a camera module are provided on the back surface.
- a top emission method that extracts light from the front surface side of the TFT and a bottom emission method that extracts light from the back surface side of the TFT.
- the top emission method has the feature that the aperture ratio can be easily increased because the light is not blocked by the TFT, and high-definition image quality can be obtained. There is a feature. If the TFT is transparent, the aperture ratio can be improved even in the bottom emission method, so that the bottom emission method, which is easy to manufacture, tends to be adopted for large displays. Since the polyimide film according to this embodiment has a low YI and is excellent in heat resistance, it can be applied to either of the above light extraction methods.
- an electronic element such as thin film transistors and transparent electrodes are provided on the substrate.
- the process of forming an electronic element on a polyimide substrate is divided into a batch process and a roll-to-roll process.
- electronic elements are sequentially provided on the polyimide substrate (polyimide film) while conveying a long polyimide substrate.
- a polyimide substrate polyimide film
- an electronic element is provided on the polyimide film of the laminate, and then the support is peeled off from the polyimide film.
- the polyimide according to this embodiment can be applied to any process.
- the batch process has a cost advantage because it can utilize the existing equipment for glass supports.
- the polyimide according to this embodiment can be suitably used as a material for a display substrate such as a TFT substrate or a touch panel substrate.
- a method of forming an electronic device (specifically, an electronic device in which an electronic element is formed on a polyimide film) on a support as described above and then peeling the polyimide film from the support is used. In many cases, it is adopted.
- the material of the support non-alkali glass is preferably used.
- the polyamic acid solution according to the present embodiment is applied onto the support to form a coating film-containing laminate composed of a coating film containing polyamic acid and the support.
- the coating film-containing laminate is heated under conditions of, for example, a temperature of 40 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower.
- the heating time at this time is, for example, 3 minutes or more and 120 minutes or less.
- a multi-step heating step may be provided, such as heating the coating film-containing laminate at a temperature of 50 ° C. for 30 minutes and then heating it at a temperature of 100 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the coating film-containing laminate (polyamic acid film-containing laminate) is heated, for example, under the conditions of a maximum temperature of 250 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower.
- the heating time (heating time at the maximum temperature) at this time is, for example, 1 minute or more and 300 minutes or less, preferably 5 minutes or more and 60 minutes or less.
- the rate of temperature rise is preferably 2 ° C./min or more and 10 ° C./min or less, and more preferably 4 ° C./min or more and 10 ° C./min or less.
- the maximum temperature is preferably in the range of 380 ° C. or higher and 500 ° C. or lower.
- the maximum temperature is 380 ° C. or higher, imidization proceeds sufficiently, and when the maximum temperature is 500 ° C. or lower, thermal deterioration of the polyimide can be suppressed. Further, it may be held at an arbitrary temperature for an arbitrary time until the maximum temperature is reached.
- the imidization reaction can be carried out under air, under reduced pressure, or in an inert gas such as nitrogen, but in order to develop higher transparency, it is carried out under reduced pressure or in an inert gas such as nitrogen. Is preferable.
- the heating device a known device such as a hot air oven, an infrared oven, a vacuum oven, an inert oven, and a hot plate can be used.
- a hot air oven an infrared oven
- a vacuum oven an inert oven
- a hot plate a known device such as a hot air oven, a hot air oven, a vacuum oven, an inert oven, and a hot plate.
- the polyamic acid in the coating film is imidized, and a laminate of the support and the polyimide film (a polyimide film containing an imidized product of the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment) (the laminate according to the present embodiment). )
- the laminate according to the present embodiment the laminate according to the present embodiment.
- a polyimide film according to the present embodiment a polyimide film containing an imidized polyamic acid according to the present embodiment
- An electronic element may be provided on the polyimide film peeled off from the support.
- an imidizing agent or a dehydration catalyst may be added to the polyamic acid solution, and this solution may be heated by the above method for imidization.
- a known method can be used as a method for peeling the polyimide film from the laminate of the obtained support and the polyimide film. For example, it may be peeled off by hand, or it may be peeled off using a mechanical device such as a drive roll or a robot. Further, a method of providing a release layer between the support and the polyimide film, a silicon oxide film is formed on a substrate having a large number of grooves, a polyimide film is formed using the silicon oxide film as a base layer, and the substrate and the polyimide film are oxidized. It is also possible to adopt a method of peeling off the polyimide film by infiltrating an etching solution of silicon oxide between the film and the silicon film. Further, it is also possible to adopt a method of peeling the polyimide film from the support by irradiating with a laser beam.
- the support and the polyimide are used.
- Adhesion means adhesion strength.
- the electronic element Etc. can be formed or implemented more accurately.
- the peel strength is preferably 0.05 N / cm or more, and more preferably 0.1 N / cm or more.
- the polyimide film is often peeled from the support by laser irradiation.
- the cutoff wavelength of the polyimide film is required to be longer than the wavelength of the laser light used for peeling. Since a XeCl excimer laser having a wavelength of 308 nm is often used for laser peeling, the cutoff wavelength of the polyimide film is preferably 312 nm or more, and more preferably 330 nm or more. On the other hand, when the cutoff wavelength is a long wavelength, the polyimide film tends to be colored yellow.
- the cutoff wavelength of the polyimide film is preferably 390 nm or less. From the viewpoint of achieving both transparency (low degree of yellowness) and processability of laser peeling, the cutoff wavelength of the polyimide film is preferably 320 nm or more and 390 nm or less, and more preferably 330 nm or more and 380 nm or less.
- the cutoff wavelength in the present specification means a wavelength having a transmittance of 0.1% or less as measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.
- the polyamic acid and polyimide according to the present embodiment may be used as they are in a coating or molding process for producing a product or a member, but for further coating or the like on a molded product formed into a film. It can also be used as a material.
- Polyamic acid or polyimide is dissolved or dispersed in an organic solvent as needed for use in the coating or molding process, and further, photocurable components, thermosetting components, non-polymerizable binder resins and as required. Other components may be blended to prepare a polyamic acid composition or a polyimide resin composition.
- various organic or inorganic low molecular weight compounds or high molecular weight compounds may be blended in the polyamic acid solution as additives. ..
- a dye, a surfactant, a leveling agent, a plasticizer, silicone, fine particles, a sensitizer and the like can be used as the additive.
- the fine particles include organic fine particles made of polystyrene, polytetrafluoroethylene and the like, inorganic fine particles made of colloidal silica, carbon, layered silicate and the like, and these may have a porous structure or a hollow structure.
- the function and form of the fine particles are not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a pigment, a filler, or fibrous particles.
- nanosilica particles may be used as the above additive, and the polyamic acid and the nanosilica particles may be combined.
- the average primary particle diameter of the nanosilica particles is preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less, further preferably 50 nm or less, and more preferably 30 nm or less. You may.
- the average primary particle diameter of the nanosilica particles is preferably 5 nm or more, and more preferably 10 nm or more.
- a known method can be used, and examples thereof include a method using an organosilica sol in which the nanosilica particles are dispersed in an organic solvent.
- the polyamic acid may be synthesized and then the synthesized polyamic acid and the organosilica sol may be mixed, but the nanosilica particles may be more highly polyamic acid. In order to disperse in it, it is preferable to synthesize the polyamic acid in the organosilica sol.
- the nanosilica particles can be surface-treated with a surface treatment agent.
- a surface treatment agent a known one such as a silane coupling agent can be used.
- the silane coupling agent an alkoxysilane compound having an amino group, a glycidyl group or the like as a functional group is widely known and can be appropriately selected.
- the amino group-containing alkoxysilane is preferable as the silane coupling agent.
- amino group-containing alkoxysilanes examples include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, and 3- (2-aminoethyl).
- Examples of the surface treatment method for the nanosilica particles include a method of stirring a mixture in which a silane coupling agent is added to a dispersion liquid (organosilica sol) at an atmospheric temperature of 20 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower.
- the stirring time at this time is, for example, 1 hour or more and 10 hours or less.
- a catalyst or the like that promotes the reaction may be added.
- the nanosilica particle-containing polyamic acid composition in which the polyamic acid and the nanosilica particles are composited preferably contains the nanosilica particles in a range of 1 part by weight or more and 30 parts by weight or less with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polyamic acid. It is more preferable to include it in the range of 1 part by weight or more and 20 parts by weight or less.
- the content of the nanosilica particles is 1 part by weight or more, the heat resistance of the polyimide containing the nanosilica particles can be improved and the internal stress can be sufficiently reduced, and when the content of the nanosilica particles is 30 parts by weight or less, the heat resistance can be sufficiently reduced. It is possible to suppress adverse effects on the mechanical properties and transparency of the polyimide containing nanosilica particles.
- Imidazoles can also be added to the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment as the above-mentioned additive for imparting functionality.
- imidazoles refer to compounds having a 1,3-diazole ring (1,3-diazol ring structure).
- the imidazoles to be added to the polyamic acid according to the present embodiment are not particularly limited, and are, for example, 1H-imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-undecylimidazole, 2-heptadecylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, and the like.
- Examples thereof include 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole and the like.
- 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole and 1-benzyl-2-phenylimidazole are preferable, and 1,2-dimethylimidazole and 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole are more preferable. ..
- the content of imidazoles is preferably 0.005 mol or more and 0.1 mol or less, and more preferably 0.01 mol or more and 0.08 mol or less, with respect to 1 mol of the amide group of polyamic acid. , 0.015 mol or more and 0.050 mol or less is more preferable.
- 0.005 mol or more of imidazoles the film strength and transparency of the polyimide can be improved, and by setting the content of imidazoles to 0.1 mol or less, the storage stability of the polyamic acid is maintained. However, Tg and heat resistance can be improved.
- the mixing method of polyamic acid and imidazoles is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of ease of controlling the molecular weight of the polyamic acid, it is preferable to add imidazoles to the polyamic acid after the polymerization. At this time, the imidazoles may be added to the polyamic acid as they are, or the imidazoles may be dissolved in a solvent in advance and this solution may be added to the polyamic acid, and the addition method is not particularly limited. The imidazoles may be added to the solution containing the polyamic acid after the polymerization (the solution after the reaction) to prepare the polyamic acid solution (solution containing the polyamic acid and the imidazoles) according to the present embodiment.
- the polyamic acid solution according to the present embodiment may contain a silane coupling agent in order to develop appropriate adhesion to the support.
- the silane coupling agent may be added to the monomer solution before the polymerization reaction, may be added to the solution during the polymerization reaction, or may be added to the polyamic acid solution after the polymerization reaction.
- known ones can be used without particular limitation, but a compound containing an amino group is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity with the polyamic acid.
- the mixing ratio of the silane coupling agent to 100 parts by weight of the polyamic acid is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more and 0.50 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more and 0.10 parts by weight or less. It is preferably 0.01 parts by weight or more and 0.05 parts by weight or less.
- inorganic thin films such as metal oxide thin films and transparent electrodes may be formed on the surface of the polyimide film according to the present embodiment.
- the method for forming the inorganic thin film is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a PVD method such as a CVD method, a sputtering method, a vacuum vapor deposition method, and an ion plating method.
- the polyimide film according to this embodiment has a small internal stress generated when a laminated body is formed with a glass substrate, so that the fields and products in which these characteristics are effective are effective. It is preferable to be used for.
- the polyimide film according to the present embodiment includes a liquid crystal display device, an organic EL, an image display device such as electronic paper, a printed matter, a color filter, a flexible display, an optical film, a 3D display, a touch panel, a transparent conductive film substrate, a solar cell, and the like. It is more preferable to use it as a substitute material for the portion where glass is currently used.
- the thickness of the polyimide film is preferably, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 200 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the polyimide film can be measured using a laser holo gauge.
- the polyamic acid solution according to the present embodiment is used in a batch-type device manufacturing process in which a polyamic acid solution is applied on a support, heated to imidize, an electronic element or the like is formed, and then the polyimide film is peeled off. It can be suitably used. Therefore, the present embodiment also includes a method for manufacturing an electronic device, which comprises a step of applying a polyamic acid solution on a support, heating and imidizing the support, and forming an electronic element or the like on a polyimide film formed on the support. included. Further, the method for manufacturing such an electronic device may further include a step of peeling a polyimide film on which an electronic element or the like is formed from a support.
- a polyimide film is formed on a glass substrate (material: non-alkali glass, thickness: 0.7 mm, size: 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm) manufactured by Corning Inc. for which the amount of warpage has been measured in advance by the same method as in the examples and comparative examples described later. Then, a laminate having a polyimide film having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m on a glass substrate was obtained. In order to eliminate the influence of water absorption of the polyimide film, the laminate was dried at 120 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then the amount of warpage of the laminate under a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 25 ° C. was measured by a thin film stress measuring device (manufactured by KLA Tencor).
- the thickness direction retardation (Rth) with respect to light having a wavelength of 550 nm was measured using a phase difference meter (“OPTIPRO” manufactured by Shintech Co., Ltd.). Then, from the thickness D (unit: ⁇ m) of the measurement sample (polyimide film), a value (Rth 10 ) converted into a polyimide film having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was calculated based on the following formula.
- Rth 10 Rth x 10 / D
- Glass transition temperature (Tg) Each of the polyimide films obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples described later was sampled to a size of 3 mm in width and 10 mm in length, and used as a sample for Tg measurement. Using a thermal analyzer (Hitachi High-Tech Science "TMA / SS7100"), a load of 98.0 mN was applied to the sample, the temperature was raised from 10 ° C to 450 ° C at 10 ° C / min, and the temperature and strain (elongation) were increased. ) was plotted to obtain a TMA curve. The temperature of the inflection point of the obtained TMA curve (the temperature corresponding to the peak in the differential curve of the TMA curve) was defined as the glass transition temperature (Tg).
- TD1 1% weight loss temperature
- NMP N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- BPAF 9,9-bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) fluorene dianhydride
- BPDA 3,3', 4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride
- PMDA Pyromellitic Acid Dianhydride
- PDA p-phenylenediamine
- PHBAAB (2-Phenyl-4-aminophenyl) -4-aminobenzoate
- TFMB 2,2'-bis (trifluoromethyl) benzidine
- DABA 4,4'- Diaminobenzanilide
- BAFL 9,9-bis (4-aminophenyl) fluorene
- a polyamic acid solution was prepared by the following procedure. 400.0 g of NMP was placed as an organic solvent for polymerization in a 1 L glass separable flask equipped with a stirrer equipped with a stainless steel stir bar and a nitrogen introduction tube. Then, while stirring the contents of the flask, 19.1 g of PDA was put into the flask and dissolved. Then, while stirring the contents of the flask, 80.9 g of BPAF was added to the flask, and then the contents of the flask were stirred for 24 hours in an atmosphere at a temperature of 25 ° C. Then, NMP was added to the flask contents so that the concentration of the polyamic acid in the flask contents after stirring was 10.0% by weight to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
- the obtained polyamic acid solution was applied onto a glass substrate (“Eagle XG” manufactured by Corning Inc., material: non-alkali glass, thickness: 0.7 mm, size: 150 mm ⁇ 150 mm) using a spin coater, and air was applied.
- the mixture was heated at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a laminate (polyamic acid film-containing laminate) in which a film containing polyamic acid was formed on a glass substrate.
- the polyamic acid film-containing laminate was heated under the following heating conditions under a nitrogen atmosphere to imidize the polyamic acid to obtain a laminate having a polyimide film having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m on a glass substrate.
- the atmospheric temperature was raised from 20 ° C. to 350 ° C. at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min and maintained at 350 ° C. for 30 minutes. Then, the atmospheric temperature was raised to 420 ° C. at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min and then maintained at 420 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- the polyimide film was peeled off from the glass substrate of the obtained laminate to obtain the polyimide film of Example 1.
- Examples 2 to 35 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 Examples are carried out by the same method as in Example 1 except that the types of acid dianhydrides and their ratios (preparation ratios) and the types and ratios of diamines (preparation ratios) are as shown in Tables 1 and 2. Polyimide films of 2 to 35 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were obtained, respectively. In each of Examples 2 to 35 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7, the total amount of substance of acid dianhydride and the total amount of substance of diamine were the same as in Example 1.
- Tables 1 and 2 show the types and ratios of acid dianhydrides and the types and ratios of diamines for Examples 1 to 35 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7.
- the molar fraction of each residue of the polyamic acid in the prepared polyamic acid solution is the molar fraction of each monomer used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid (diamine and tetracarboxylic acid). It was consistent with the molar fraction of the dianhydride).
- two types of diamines (component 1 and component 2) were used.
- Example 35 and Comparative Examples 4 to 7 two kinds of acid dianhydrides (component 1 and component 2) were used.
- Example 1 and component 2 were placed in a flask at the same time. Further, in Tables 1 and 2, the numerical value of the ratio of the acid dianhydride is the content ratio (unit: mol%) of each acid dianhydride with respect to the total amount of the acid dianhydride used. Further, in Tables 1 and 2, the numerical value of the ratio of diamines is the content ratio (unit: mol%) of each diamine to the total amount of diamines used.
- the polyamic acid synthesized in Examples 1 to 35 had a BPAF residue as an acid dianhydride residue.
- the polyamic acid synthesized in Examples 1 to 35 had at least one selected from the group consisting of PDA residues and PHBAAB residues as diamine residues.
- the content of BPAF residues was 90 mol% or more and 100 mol% or less with respect to the total acid dianhydride residues.
- Examples 1 to 35 the YI was 14 or less. Therefore, the polyimide films of Examples 1 to 35 were excellent in low colorability. In Examples 1 to 35, Rth 10 was 80 nm or less. Therefore, the polyimide films of Examples 1 to 35 were able to reduce the retardation. In Examples 1 to 35, the CTE was 80 ppm / K or less. Therefore, the polyimide films of Examples 1 to 35 were excellent in low thermal expansion.
- the polyamic acid synthesized in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 did not have more than one selected from the group consisting of PDA residues and PHBAAB residues as diamine residues.
- the polyamic acid synthesized in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 did not have a BPAF residue as an acid dianhydride residue.
- the content of BPAF residue was less than 90 mol% with respect to the total acid dianhydride residue.
- Comparative Example 1 the CTE exceeded 80 ppm / K. Therefore, the polyimide film of Comparative Example 1 was not excellent in low thermal expansion.
- Comparative Example 2 Rth 10 exceeded 80 nm. Therefore, the polyimide film of Comparative Example 2 could not reduce the retardation.
- the polyimide obtained from the polyamic acid according to the present invention can reduce Rth and is excellent in low coloring property and low thermal expansion property.
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Abstract
Description
条件1:ポリアミド酸が酸二無水物残基としてBPAF残基のみを有する。
条件2:ポリアミド酸が、ジアミン残基として、DABA残基、TFMB残基及びBAFL残基からなる群より選ばれる一種以上を更に有する。
条件3:ポリアミド酸を構成する全ジアミン残基に対する、PDA残基、PHBAAB残基、DABA残基、TFMB残基及びBAFL残基の合計含有率が100.0モル%である。
条件4:ポリアミド酸が、ジアミン残基として、PDA残基及びDABA残基のみを有する。
条件5:ポリアミド酸が、ジアミン残基として、PDA残基及びTFMB残基のみを有するか、又はPHBAAB残基及びTFMB残基のみを有する。
条件6:ポリアミド酸が、ジアミン残基として、PDA残基及びBAFL残基のみを有するか、又はPDA残基及びPHBAAB残基のみを有する。
まず、ポリイミド(ポリイミド膜)の物性の測定方法について説明する。
後述する実施例及び比較例で得られた各ポリイミド膜について、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日本分光社製「V-650」)を用いて波長450nmの光の透過率を測定した。
後述する実施例及び比較例で得られた各ポリイミド膜について、紫外可視近赤外分光光度計(日本分光社製「V-650」)を用いて波長200nm以上800nm以下の光の透過率を測定し、JIS K7373-2006に記載の式から、ポリイミド膜の黄色度(YI)を算出した。YIが14以下の場合、「低着色性に優れている」と評価した。一方、YIが14を超える場合、「低着色性に優れていない」と評価した。
後述する実施例及び比較例で得られた各ポリイミド膜について、積分球式ヘイズメーター(日本電色工業社製「COH 300A」)を用いて、JIS K7136-2000に記載の方法によりヘイズを測定した。
あらかじめ反り量を計測していたコーニング社製のガラス基板(材質:無アルカリガラス、厚み:0.7mm、サイズ:100mm×100mm)上に後述する実施例及び比較例と同じ方法でポリイミド膜を形成し、ガラス基板上に厚み10μmのポリイミド膜を備える積層体を得た。ポリイミド膜の吸水の影響を排除するために、積層体を120℃で10分乾燥させた後、温度25℃の窒素雰囲気下における積層体の反り量を、薄膜応力測定装置(ケーエルエー・テンコール社製「FLX-2320-S」)を用いて測定した。そして、ポリイミド膜形成前のガラス基板の反り量及び積層体の反り量から、ストーニーの式によりガラス基板とポリイミド膜との間で発生した内部応力を算出した。
後述する実施例及び比較例で得られた各ポリイミド膜について、位相差計(シンテック社製「OPTIPRO」)を用いて、波長550nmの光に対する厚み方向レターデーション(Rth)を測定した。そして、測定用試料(ポリイミド膜)の厚みD(単位:μm)から、下記の式に基づいて、厚み10μmのポリイミド膜に換算した値(Rth10)を算出した。Rth10が80nm以下の場合、「レターデーションを低減できている」と評価した。一方、Rth10が80nmを超える場合、「レターデーションを低減できていない」と評価した。
Rth10=Rth×10/D
後述する実施例及び比較例で得られた各ポリイミド膜を、幅3mmかつ長さ10mmの大きさにサンプリングし、CTE測定用の試料として用いた。熱分析装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製「TMA/SS7100」)を用いて、荷重29.4mNの条件で、試料を、10℃/分の昇温速度で10℃から400℃まで昇温させた後、40℃/分の降温速度で降温させた。そして、降温時の350℃から100℃における歪み量からCTEを求めた。CTEが80ppm/K以下の場合、「低熱膨張性に優れている」と評価した。一方、CTEが80ppm/Kを超える場合、「低熱膨張性に優れていない」と評価した。
後述する実施例及び比較例で得られた各ポリイミド膜を、幅3mmかつ長さ10mmの大きさにサンプリングし、Tg測定用の試料として用いた。熱分析装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製「TMA/SS7100」)を用いて、試料に98.0mNの荷重をかけ、10℃/分で10℃から450℃まで昇温し、温度と歪量(伸び)をプロットしてTMA曲線を得た。得られたTMA曲線の変曲点の温度(TMA曲線の微分曲線におけるピークに対応する温度)をガラス転移温度(Tg)とした。
後述する実施例及び比較例で得られた各ポリイミド膜(詳しくは、重量が10mgとなるようにサンプリングしたポリイミド膜)を測定用の試料とし、示差熱熱重量同時測定装置(日立ハイテクサイエンス社製「TG/DTA7200」)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、20℃/分の条件で25℃から650℃まで昇温し、測定温度150℃での試料重量を基準として、この基準の重量に対して1重量%減少した際の測定温度を、1%重量減少温度(TD1)とした。
以下、実施例及び比較例のポリイミド膜の作製方法について説明する。なお、以下において、化合物及び試薬類を下記の略称で記載している。また、実施例及び比較例のいずれについても、ポリアミド酸溶液の調製は窒素雰囲気下で行った。
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BPAF:9,9-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)フルオレン二無水物
BPDA:3,3’,4,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸二無水物
PMDA:ピロメリット酸二無水物
PDA:p-フェニレンジアミン
PHBAAB:(2-フェニル-4-アミノフェニル)-4-アミノベンゾエート
TFMB:2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジジン
DABA:4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド
BAFL:9,9-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)フルオレン
まず、以下の手順でポリアミド酸溶液を調製した。ステンレス鋼製攪拌棒を備えた攪拌機及び窒素導入管を装着した1Lのガラス製セパラブルフラスコに、重合用の有機溶媒として、400.0gのNMPを入れた。次いで、フラスコ内容物を攪拌しながら、19.1gのPDAをフラスコに入れて溶解させた。次いで、フラスコ内容物を攪拌しながら、フラスコに80.9gのBPAFを加えた後、温度25℃の雰囲気下、フラスコ内容物を24時間攪拌した。そして、攪拌後のフラスコ内容物中のポリアミド酸の濃度が10.0重量%となるように、フラスコ内容物にNMPを加えてポリアミド酸溶液を得た。
酸二無水物の種類及びその比率(仕込み比率)、並びにジアミンの種類及びその比率(仕込み比率)を、表1及び表2のとおりとしたこと以外は、実施例1と同じ方法により、実施例2~35及び比較例1~7のポリイミド膜をそれぞれ得た。なお、実施例2~35及び比較例1~7のいずれについても、酸二無水物の合計物質量及びジアミンの合計物質量は実施例1と同じであった。
実施例1~35及び比較例1~7のそれぞれについて、各物性の測定結果を、表3及び表4に示す。なお、表3及び表4において、「-」は、測定しなかったことを意味する。また、表3及び表4において、「光透過率」は、波長450nmの光の透過率である。
Claims (14)
- テトラカルボン酸二無水物残基として、下記一般式(1)で表される4価の有機基を有し、かつジアミン残基として、p-フェニレンジアミン残基及び(2-フェニル-4-アミノフェニル)-4-アミノベンゾエート残基からなる群より選ばれる一種以上を有し、
下記一般式(1)で表される4価の有機基の含有率が、全テトラカルボン酸二無水物残基に対して、90モル%以上100モル%以下である、ポリアミド酸。
- 前記一般式(1)中、R1及びR2は、いずれも水素原子を表す、請求項1に記載のポリアミド酸。
- ジアミン残基として、4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド残基、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジジン残基、及び9,9-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)フルオレン残基からなる群より選ばれる一種以上を更に有する、請求項1又は2に記載のポリアミド酸。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のポリアミド酸と有機溶媒とを含有するポリアミド酸溶液。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のポリアミド酸のイミド化物であるポリイミド。
- ガラス転移温度が350℃以上である、請求項5に記載のポリイミド。
- 請求項5又は6に記載のポリイミドを含むポリイミド膜。
- 支持体と、請求項7に記載のポリイミド膜とを有する積層体。
- 請求項7に記載のポリイミド膜と、前記ポリイミド膜上に配置された電子素子とを有する電子デバイス。
- 請求項4に記載のポリアミド酸溶液を支持体上に塗布することにより前記ポリアミド酸を含む塗布膜を形成し、前記塗布膜を加熱して前記ポリアミド酸をイミド化する、ポリイミド膜の製造方法。
- 前記塗布膜を加熱する際の最高温度が、380℃以上500℃以下である、請求項10に記載のポリイミド膜の製造方法。
- 前記最高温度での加熱時間が、5分以上60分以下である、請求項11に記載のポリイミド膜の製造方法。
- 前記塗布膜の加熱により得られたポリイミド膜を前記支持体から剥離する、請求項10~12のいずれか一項に記載のポリイミド膜の製造方法。
- レーザー照射により前記ポリイミド膜を前記支持体から剥離する、請求項13に記載のポリイミド膜の製造方法。
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