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WO2019129286A1 - 电池箱解锁装置、电池箱及电池箱快速换电系统 - Google Patents

电池箱解锁装置、电池箱及电池箱快速换电系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019129286A1
WO2019129286A1 PCT/CN2018/125682 CN2018125682W WO2019129286A1 WO 2019129286 A1 WO2019129286 A1 WO 2019129286A1 CN 2018125682 W CN2018125682 W CN 2018125682W WO 2019129286 A1 WO2019129286 A1 WO 2019129286A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
locking
unlocking
rod
telescopic
transmission
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/125682
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
黄春华
仇丹梁
Original Assignee
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司, 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司 filed Critical 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
Priority to KR1020207022031A priority Critical patent/KR102353252B1/ko
Priority to US16/958,758 priority patent/US11183731B2/en
Priority to JP2020536592A priority patent/JP6978605B2/ja
Priority to PL18895181.8T priority patent/PL3733465T3/pl
Priority to EP18895181.8A priority patent/EP3733465B1/en
Priority to KR1020227001474A priority patent/KR102503539B1/ko
Publication of WO2019129286A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019129286A1/zh
Priority to US17/507,781 priority patent/US11837747B2/en
Priority to US17/507,765 priority patent/US11837746B2/en
Priority to JP2021184268A priority patent/JP7327886B2/ja

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80—Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S5/00—Servicing, maintaining, repairing, or refitting of vehicles
    • B60S5/06—Supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B79/00—Mounting or connecting vehicle locks or parts thereof
    • E05B79/10—Connections between movable lock parts
    • E05B79/12—Connections between movable lock parts using connecting rods
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244—Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455—Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of battery box replacing equipment, in particular to a battery box unlocking device, a battery box and a battery box quick changing system.
  • connection mechanism for connecting to the power changing device on the battery box is generally disposed separately from the locking mechanism for locking/unlocking with the fixing frame on the battery box, and the locking mechanism is usually disposed in the battery box.
  • the unlocking mechanism of the power changing device unlocks the locking mechanism on both sides of the battery box, thereby completing the disassembly operation of the battery box.
  • the unlocking mechanism of the power changing device and the locking mechanism of the battery box are in a hard contact manner for unlocking, which is easy to cause wear of the components in the unlocking mechanism and the locking mechanism, and needs Performing complicated alignment operations, the unlocking accuracy is poor, and the problem that the power-changing device cannot pull the battery box out due to incomplete unlocking may occur, which also affects the power-changing efficiency of the power-changing device to some extent.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art that the battery box is easily damaged, the locking and unlocking components and the unlocking precision are poor, and the battery box unlocking device, the battery box and the battery box quick changing system are provided. .
  • a battery box unlocking device includes: a mounting seat, a telescopic mechanism, a transmission mechanism and a locking mechanism; the locking mechanism is configured to fix the box of the battery box to the battery holder of the electric vehicle;
  • the telescopic mechanism is disposed in the mounting seat, and the telescopic mechanism is telescopically moved relative to the transmission mechanism in the mounting seat under the action of an unlocking external force; one end of the transmission mechanism is connected to the telescopic mechanism, The other end of the transmission mechanism is connected to the locking mechanism; the telescopic movement of the telescopic mechanism drives the transmission mechanism to move between the telescopic mechanism and the locking mechanism, and the movement of the transmission mechanism controls the Locking or unlocking of the locking mechanism.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a driving column, a driven column, a connecting rod, a transmission rod and a guiding portion;
  • the driving column is connected with the telescopic mechanism, the driven a post connected to one end of the transmission rod, the connecting rod being respectively connected to the active column and the driven column, the connecting rod being rotatable about an axis of the active column, the connecting rod being rotatable around Rotating the axis of the driven column;
  • the other end of the transmission rod is connected to the locking mechanism;
  • the guiding portion is provided with a driven guiding hole extending along a moving direction of the transmission rod, and the driven column is worn Passing through the driven guide hole and sliding in the driven guide hole.
  • the active column is driven by the telescopic mechanism, and the active column and the driven column are linked by the connecting rod, and the driven column moves along the guiding portion toward the two sides of the active column in a direction different from the moving direction of the active column,
  • the longitudinal moment of the active column is converted into the lateral moment of the transmission rod, and the lateral movement of the driven column is guided by the guiding portion, so that the linkage effect of the transmission mechanism is more accurate and smooth, and the space inside the battery box is saved.
  • the guide portion is provided with an active guiding hole extending along the telescopic direction of the telescopic mechanism, and the active column passes through the active guiding hole and is Slide in the active guide hole.
  • the movement of the active column is always in the same straight line during the process of pushing and pulling the active column, thereby avoiding the loss of force during the torque transmission and improving the energy utilization rate.
  • the guiding portion is provided with a transmission guiding hole, and the transmission rod passes through the transmission guiding hole and moves in the transmission guiding hole.
  • the yaw and displacement of the drive rod in other directions during the pushing and pulling process is avoided.
  • the transmission rod includes an active pull rod, a first return spring and a driven pull rod
  • the active pull rod is connected to the driven column
  • the active pull rod is a slave pull rod is connected
  • the slave pull rod is connected to the lock mechanism
  • the first return spring is sleeved on the active pull rod
  • one end of the first return spring is connected to the guide portion
  • the first The other end of a return spring is coupled to the active pull rod.
  • the first return spring is used to store the torque transmitted to the active pull rod, and the restoring force generated by the compression of the first return spring is released to the active pull rod to return to the initial position, so that the next time is performed.
  • the telescopic mechanism, the active pull rod, the driven pull rod and the locking mechanism can all be in the initial position, which is convenient for the next step of unlocking.
  • the telescopic mechanism includes a telescopic rod and a hollow shaft, the mounting seat is sleeved outside the hollow shaft, and the telescopic rod is disposed in the hollow shaft. And a telescopic movement is possible in the hollow shaft, and the telescopic rod is connected to one end of the transmission mechanism.
  • the telescopic rod is provided with a hollow shaft so that the telescopic rod can be protected and guided during the telescopic movement without bending or causing the direction of the telescopic movement to deviate from the axis of the telescopic rod.
  • the hollow shaft is provided with a secondary guiding hole extending along a telescopic direction of the telescopic rod, and one end of the transmission mechanism passes through And sliding along the secondary guiding hole, the connection of one end of the transmission mechanism and the telescopic rod is located in the hollow shaft.
  • the active column at one end of the transmission can be moved in the hollow shaft, protected and guided by the hollow shaft, while also saving space.
  • a fixing seat is connected to an end of the hollow shaft away from the mounting seat, and the hollow shaft is sleeved with a second return spring, and the second return spring is One end is connected to the fixing base, and the other end of the second return spring is connected to one end of the transmission mechanism.
  • the transmission can be automatically reset by the restoring force of the second return spring after the completion of the unlocked force transmission in order to quickly engage the next unlocking action.
  • the telescopic rod includes a push portion and a drive shaft, the drive shaft is disposed in the hollow shaft, and the push portion is disposed in the mounting
  • the seat is remote from one end of the hollow shaft, the drive shaft is coupled to one end of the transmission mechanism, and the push portion abuts an end of the drive shaft away from an end of the transmission mechanism.
  • the telescopic rod adopts a two-stage structure, which gives the telescopic rod a certain "bending" space, that is, the pressing portion can be slightly displaced in the radial direction of the transmission shaft with respect to the transmission shaft, thereby avoiding the integral telescopic rod. When worn between two components, the problem of bending occurs due to the relative displacement between the two components.
  • the push portion includes a button, a flange, a recess, and an abutting post, the recess being recessed at an end of the button near the drive shaft,
  • the flange ring is disposed around the recessed portion, and the abutting post is disposed in the button and abuts against the transmission shaft.
  • the lock mechanism includes a lock case and a linkage portion, a lock bracket, a stop lock tongue and a main lock tongue disposed in the lock case; Connected to the end of the transmission mechanism away from the telescopic mechanism; one end of the anti-return tongue is fixed on the lock box, and the other end of the anti-return tongue can elastically protrude from the lock box;
  • the locking bracket is locked on the linkage portion, the locking bracket is connected to the locking bolt, and the movement of the transmission mechanism drives the linkage portion to cause the locking bracket to stop along
  • the telescopic direction of the retracting tongue is telescopic; the main locking tongue is coupled to the locking bracket, and the telescopic movement of the locking bracket drives the main locking tongue to extend or retract the locking box.
  • the main locking tongue when the linkage transmits the unlocking external force of the transmission mechanism to the main locking tongue, the main locking tongue is retracted and unlocked, and at this time, the locking locking tongue acts as an energy storage component to save the force, and when the linkage portion has no external force, The retracting tongue releases the saving force, pushes the linkage part out, and drives the main locking tongue to eject the locking box through the locking bracket, and the whole unlocking and resetting action is fast and accurate.
  • the linkage portion includes an unlocking push rod, an unlocking swing lever, and a locking swing lever;
  • the unlocking push rod is coupled to one end of the transmission mechanism and along the transmission a movement direction of the mechanism;
  • the unlocking swing lever is coupled to the unlocking push rod, the unlocking swing lever is pivotally connected to a swinging shaft fixed on the lock box, and the movement of the unlocking push rod drives the Unlocking the swinging lever about the swinging shaft;
  • one end of the locking swinging lever is pivotally connected to a rotating shaft fixed on the lock box, and the other end of the locking swinging rod is erected on the unlocking swinging rod away from the One end of the unlocking push rod is disposed;
  • the locking bracket is disposed at an end of the locking swing rod away from the unlocking swing rod, and the locking swing rod rotates around the rotating shaft to drive the locking bracket along the The telescopic movement of the locking tongue is stopped.
  • the unlocking external force received by the unlocking push rod is
  • a locking piece is fixed on the locking bracket, and the locking piece has a sliding claw and a stopping claw, the sliding claw and the stopping
  • the retaining jaws are interlocked, and the retaining latch has a sliding slope along the sliding ramp to drive the stop pawl into or out of the retracting path of the primary bolt.
  • the stop pawl is controlled by the sliding jaw, the stop pawl acting as a retaining main latch when the main latch is in the locked state.
  • the lock case is further provided with a safety shaft
  • the safety shaft is disposed in the lock case and protrudes from the lock case
  • the safety shaft is Retractable in the axial direction
  • the safety shaft is rotated from the unlocking position to the locking position by rotation
  • the safety shaft has a locking post
  • the main locking tongue is extended
  • the lock box has a locking post that bears against a rear end of the main lock tongue.
  • the safety shaft is provided with a sensing column
  • the lock box is provided with a sensor for detecting the position of the sensing column when the insurance When the shaft is rotated to the locked position, the sensor is facing the sensing column.
  • the sensor is used to provide a signal that allows the user to clearly discern whether the locking mechanism is in an unlocked or locked state.
  • the lock box is fixed with a pressure plate on the inner surface of the box body away from the battery box, and the pressure plate is provided with an unlocking position and a locking position, the safety shaft A card post is disposed thereon, and the card post rotates with the safety shaft for switching between the unlocking position and the locking position.
  • the reliability of the safety insurance for the axle is improved.
  • the battery case unlocking device further includes a housing, the transmission mechanism and the locking mechanism are disposed in the housing, the mounting seat and the telescopic mechanism
  • the housing is telescopically disposed in a telescopic direction of the telescopic mechanism.
  • the transmission mechanism and the locking mechanism are prevented from being exposed, and the transmission mechanism and the locking mechanism are protected from damage.
  • the mounting seat includes an electromagnet suction cup, and the electromagnet suction cup is sleeved at an end of the telescopic mechanism away from the transmission mechanism.
  • the battery case and the external device can be conveniently connected by the energization of the electromagnet, and the degree of automation and intelligence is high.
  • a battery case comprising: a box body; a battery box unlocking device; the mounting seat is disposed on a side of the telescopic mechanism away from the box body, and the telescopic mechanism and the transmission mechanism are disposed in the box The end of the body, the locking mechanism is disposed at a side of the box; the telescopic mechanism is telescopically movable with respect to an end of the box, and the transmission mechanism moves along an end of the box .
  • the number of the locking mechanisms is two, and the two locking mechanisms are oppositely disposed at two sides of the case; the number of the transmission mechanisms is Two of the two transmission mechanisms are respectively located at two sides of the telescopic mechanism; the telescopic mechanism simultaneously drives the two locking mechanisms to lock or unlock by the two transmission mechanisms.
  • the battery box unlocking device is changed from the two sides of the box of the battery box to the unlocking point and the power point in the prior art, which simplifies the function point and the fault point of the battery box, and improves the use of the external device. Unlocking accuracy and success rate when unlocking the battery box.
  • a battery box quick-change system includes: a battery holder, a power-changing device, and a battery box; the battery holder has a locking portion, and the locking mechanism is lockedly engaged with the locking portion;
  • the power-changing device includes a power-receiving device suction cup and an unlocking rod that is telescopically disposed in the suction cup of the power-changing device, and the unlocking rod is disposed corresponding to the telescopic mechanism, and the extension movement of the unlocking rod is used to push the The telescopic mechanism is retracted to drive the locking mechanism to unlock with the locking portion, and the power changing device suction cup connects the power changing device and the battery box by sucking the mounting seat.
  • the battery box unlocking device, the battery box and the battery box quick-change system provided by the invention transmit the torque generated by the telescopic movement of the telescopic mechanism by the unlocking external force to the locking mechanism by using the transmission mechanism, and integrate the plurality of functional components in the On the same battery box, a little action can be realized, multiple points can be unlocked, automatic unlocking and locking can be realized, and the mechanical structure is simplified, safe and reliable, the interlocking effect is correct, the unlocking precision is high, and the unlocking device on both sides is avoided.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a battery case unlocking device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a telescopic mechanism in a battery case unlocking device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view of a transmission mechanism in a battery case unlocking device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a guide portion in a battery case unlocking device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the interior of a locking mechanism in a battery case unlocking device according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the connection of a locking mechanism in a battery case unlocking device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a front elevational view of a battery case in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a state in which a battery case and a battery holder are mounted according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of unlocking a battery box quick change system according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • an embodiment of the present invention discloses a battery box unlocking device, which includes: a mounting seat 1 , a telescopic mechanism 2 , a transmission mechanism 3 , and a locking mechanism 4 ;
  • the housing 6 of the battery box is locked and fixed on the battery holder 7 of the electric vehicle;
  • the telescopic mechanism 2 is disposed in the mounting seat 1 , and the telescopic mechanism 2 is opposite to the transmission mechanism in the mounting seat 1 under the action of the unlocking external force 3 is a telescopic movement; one end of the transmission mechanism 3 is connected to the telescopic mechanism 2, and the other end of the transmission mechanism 3 is connected to the locking mechanism 4;
  • the telescopic movement of the telescopic mechanism 2 drives the transmission mechanism 3 to move between the telescopic mechanism 2 and the locking mechanism 4,
  • the movement of the transmission mechanism 3 controls the locking or unlocking of the locking mechanism 4.
  • the external device in a hybrid vehicle, when the battery power is insufficient and needs to be replaced, the external device is required to quickly unlock the battery box, so the corresponding unlocking device is also required on the battery box to achieve the purpose of quick unlocking.
  • the external device presses the battery box 6 on both sides to press the box 6 of the battery box from both sides to be separated from the battery holder 7, and the normal power exchange time is about ten minutes, and the power exchange time is also Longer.
  • the battery box unlocking device of the embodiment compared with the original battery box unlocking device, the overall structure of the device is compact, the volume is small, and the action is sensitive. The most important thing is that the power exchange time is less than six minutes, and the efficiency is nearly doubled. .
  • the telescopic mechanism 2 under the action of the unlocking external force, the telescopic mechanism 2 is telescopically moved relative to the casing 6 of the battery box in the mounting seat 1 to drive the transmission mechanism 3 to the sides of the telescopic mechanism 2
  • the surface of the casing 6 of the battery box is pushed and pulled, and finally the locking mechanism 4 and the battery holder 7 are locked or unlocked, and the telescopic mechanism 2 transmits the unlocking external force to the transmission mechanism 3, and the transmission mechanism 3 transmits the unlocking external force to the transmission mechanism 3
  • the locking mechanism 4 realizes automatic and intelligent unlocking and locking control through a linkage mechanism for controlling multi-point locking and unlocking at one point, and the mechanical structure is simplified, safe and reliable, and the interlocking effect is correct.
  • the transmission mechanism 3 includes a driving column 31, a driven column 32, a connecting rod 33, a transmission rod 34 and a guiding portion 35; the active column 31 is connected with the telescopic mechanism 2, and the driven column 32 is One end of the transmission rod 34 is connected, and the connecting rod 33 is respectively connected with the active column 31 and the driven column 32.
  • the connecting rod 33 can rotate about the axis of the active column 31, and the connecting rod 33 can rotate about the axis of the driven column 32; the transmission rod 34 The other end is connected to the locking mechanism 4; the guiding portion 35 is provided with a driven guiding hole 351 extending in the moving direction of the transmission rod 34, and the driven column 32 passes through the driven guiding hole 351 and is in the driven guiding hole 351.
  • the transmission mechanism 3 is a core component.
  • the structure of the transmission mechanism 3 includes five components, wherein the active column 31 is retractable mechanism 2
  • the driving force generates a force in the direction of the casing 6 of the battery box by the telescopic movement, and the active column 31 moves together with the telescopic movement, and the driven rod 32 is driven along the driven guiding hole 351 on the guiding portion 35 through the connecting rod 33.
  • the guiding portion 35 is a frame structure, and the driven guiding hole 351 is opened on the frame structure, and the driven post 32 passes through the driven guiding hole 351 and moves along the driven guiding hole 351 on the frame structure.
  • the active column 31 is moved by the telescopic mechanism 2, and the active column 31 and the driven column 32 are linked by the connecting rod 33, and the driven column 32 faces the active column 31 in a direction different from the moving direction of the active column 31.
  • the two sides move along the guiding portion 35, convert the longitudinal moment of the active column 31 into the lateral moment of the transmission rod 34, and guide the lateral movement of the driven column 32 through the guiding portion 35, so that the linkage effect of the transmission mechanism 3 is more accurate. Smooth and saves space inside the battery compartment.
  • the guide portion 35 is provided with an active guide hole 352 extending in the telescopic direction of the telescopic mechanism 2, and the active post 31 passes through the active guide hole 352 and slides in the active guide hole 352. Specifically, in the direction different from the driven guide hole 351, the active guide hole 352 is opened in the guide portion 35, and the active post 31 passes through the active guide hole 352 and moves in the guide portion 35 along the active guide hole 352.
  • the driven guiding hole 351 is closer to the box body 6 of the battery box with respect to the active guiding hole 352, and the driven guiding hole 351 is disposed at two sides of the active guiding hole 352, and the active guiding hole 352 and the slave
  • the moving guide hole 351 is vertical.
  • the guiding portion 35 is provided with a transmission guiding hole 353, and the transmission rod 34 passes through the transmission guiding hole 353 and moves in the transmission guiding hole 353.
  • a drive guide hole 353 is formed on a side surface of the frame structure of the guide portion 35 for guiding when the transmission rod 34 is pushed and pulled.
  • the drive rod 34 is prevented from swaying and displacing in other directions during the push-pull process.
  • the transmission rod 34 includes an active pull rod 341, a first return spring 342 and a driven pull rod 343.
  • the active pull rod 341 is connected with the driven rod 32, and the active pull rod 341 is connected with the driven rod 343.
  • the driven pull rod 343 is connected to the locking mechanism 4, and the first return spring 342 is sleeved on the active pull rod 341.
  • One end of the first return spring 342 is connected to the guiding portion 35, and the other end of the first return spring 342 is connected to the active pull rod 341.
  • the transmission rod 34 has three parts, and the active pull rod 341 receives the force of the driven rod 32 and forms a push-pull motion, thereby driving the driven rod 343 to perform a push-pull motion, and the first return spring 342 absorbs the push-pull generated by the push-pull motion.
  • the force so that when the unlocking external force is removed, the first return spring 342 releases the stored push-pull force to reset the active pull rod 341.
  • the first return spring 342 is used to store the torque transmitted to the active pull rod 341, and the restoring force generated by the compression of the first return spring 342 is released to the active pull rod 341 to return to the initial position.
  • the telescopic mechanism 2, the active pull rod 341, the driven pull rod 343, and the locking mechanism 4 can all be in the initial positions, so as to facilitate the next unlocking.
  • the telescopic mechanism 2 includes a telescopic rod 21 and a hollow shaft 22, and the mounting seat 1 is sleeved outside the hollow shaft 22, and the telescopic rod 21 is bored in the hollow shaft 22 and can be in the hollow shaft 22.
  • the telescopic rod 21 is connected to one end of the transmission mechanism 3.
  • the hollow shaft 22 is bored in the frame structure of the guide portion 35, and the telescopic rod 21 is bored in the hollow shaft 22.
  • the telescopic rod 21 is provided with a hollow shaft 22 so that the telescopic rod 21 can be protected and guided during the telescopic movement without bending or causing the direction of the telescopic movement to deviate from the axis of the telescopic rod 21. .
  • the hollow shaft 22 is provided with a secondary guiding hole 221, and the secondary guiding hole 221 extends along the telescopic direction of the telescopic rod 21, and one end of the transmission mechanism 3 passes through and can be guided along the secondary direction.
  • the hole 221 slides, and the connection of one end of the transmission mechanism 3 to the telescopic rod 21 is located in the hollow shaft 22.
  • the hollow shaft 22 is provided with a secondary guiding hole 221 corresponding to the guiding hole of the active column 31, and the active column 31 located at one end of the transmission mechanism 3 sequentially passes through the active column 31 of the guiding structure 35 to guide the hole and the hollow.
  • the secondary guide hole 221 on the shaft 22 moves in a telescopic motion with the telescopic rod 21.
  • the active column 31 at one end of the transmission 3 can be moved in the hollow shaft 22, protected and guided by the hollow shaft 22, while also saving space.
  • the fixed end of the hollow shaft 22 away from the mounting seat 1 is connected with a fixing seat 23, and the hollow shaft 22 is sleeved with a second return spring 24, and one end of the second return spring 24 and the fixing seat 23
  • the other end of the second return spring 24 is connected to one end of the transmission mechanism 3.
  • the transmission 3 can be automatically reset by the restoring force of the second return spring 24 after the completion of the unlocked force transmission in order to quickly engage the next unlocking action.
  • the telescopic rod 21 includes a pushing portion 211 and a transmission shaft 212.
  • the transmission shaft 212 is disposed in the hollow shaft 22, and the pressing portion 211 is disposed on the mounting seat 1 away from the hollow shaft 22.
  • the drive shaft 212 is coupled to one end of the transmission mechanism 3, and the push portion 211 abuts against the end of the drive shaft 212 away from the end of the transmission mechanism 3.
  • the step of repeating the telescopic rod 21 for a plurality of thousands of times of telescopic movement inevitably causes a problem of bending due to its length and thickness. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the telescopic rod 21 has the push portion 211 and the drive shaft 212.
  • the telescopic rod 21 adopts a two-stage structure, which gives the telescopic rod 21 a certain "bending" space, that is, the pressing portion 211 can be slightly displaced in the radial direction of the transmission shaft 212 with respect to the transmission shaft 212.
  • the integral telescopic rod 21 is passed between the two members, the problem of bending due to the relative displacement between the two members is avoided.
  • the push portion 211 includes a button 2111, a flange 2112, a recess 2113, and an abutting column 2114.
  • the recess portion 2113 is recessed at one end of the button 2111 near the drive shaft 212, and the flange 2112
  • the ring is disposed around the recessed portion 2113, and the abutting column 2114 is bored in the button 2111 and abuts against the drive shaft 212.
  • the restoring force of the second return spring 24 may cause the push portion 211 to be ejected from the mount 1 to affect the next unlocking action, and at the same time, when the push portion 211 is pressed by the unlocking external force, due to the hollow shaft 22
  • the push portion 211 includes four portions, the button 2111 is for receiving an unlocking external force, the flange 2112 is for preventing the push portion 211 from ejecting the mount 1, and the recess portion 2113 is for containing the hollow portion.
  • the shaft 22 extends the telescopic distance of the pushing portion 211, and the abutting column 2114 is used to drive the transmission shaft 212 to expand and contract.
  • the telescopic rod 21 is securely positioned in the mount 1 and the hollow shaft 22, while the telescopic rod 21 is not due to the second return spring 24 The restoring force pops up the mount 1.
  • the lock mechanism 4 includes a lock case 41 and a linkage portion 42 disposed in the lock case 41, the lock bracket 43, the check lock tongue 44 and the main lock tongue 45; the linkage portion 42 Connected to one end of the transmission mechanism 3 away from the telescopic mechanism 2; one end of the retracting locking tongue 44 is fixed on the lock box 41, and the other end of the retracting locking tongue 44 can elastically protrude from the lock box 41; the locking bracket 43 is locked in On the interlocking portion 42, the locking bracket 43 is connected to the locking bolt 44.
  • the movement of the transmission mechanism 3 drives the linkage portion 42 to expand and contract the locking bracket 43 in the telescopic direction of the locking bolt 44; the main locking tongue 45 is connected to the lock.
  • the telescopic movement of the lock bracket 43 causes the main lock tongue 45 to extend or retract the lock case 41.
  • the interlocking portion 42 transmits the unlocking external force of the transmission mechanism 3 to the main locking tongue 45
  • the main locking tongue 45 is retracted and unlocked, at which time the locking locking tongue 44 acts as an energy storage member to save the force, and when the linkage portion 42 has no external force,
  • the unlocking tongue 44 releases the stored force, pushes the linkage portion 42, and drives the main locking tongue 45 to eject the lock box 41 through the locking bracket 43.
  • the entire unlocking and resetting action is fast and accurate.
  • the linkage portion 42 includes an unlocking push rod 421, an unlocking swing rod 422, and a lock swing rod 423; the unlocking push rod 421 is coupled to one end of the transmission mechanism 3 and along the moving direction of the transmission mechanism 3.
  • the unlocking lever 422 is connected to the unlocking push rod 421, and the unlocking swinging rod 422 is pivotally connected to the swinging shaft fixed on the lock box 41.
  • the movement of the unlocking push rod 421 drives the unlocking swinging rod 422 to swing around the swinging shaft;
  • One end of the swinging rod 423 is pivotally connected to a rotating shaft fixed on the lock box 41, and the other end of the locking swinging rod 423 is mounted on an end of the unlocking swinging rod 422 away from the unlocking push rod 421; the locking bracket 43 is locked in the locking swing
  • the rod 423 is away from the end of the unlocking swinging rod 422, and the locking swinging rod 423 rotates around the rotating shaft to drive the locking bracket 43 to move in the telescopic direction of the retaining locking tongue 44, thereby unlocking the push rod by using the unlocking swinging rod 422 and the locking swinging rod 423.
  • the unlocking external force received by the 421 is accurately transmitted to the retaining lock tongue 44.
  • the lock bracket 43 is fixed with a lock piece 46 having a slide claw 461 and a stop claw 462, a slide claw 461 and a stop claw 462.
  • the retaining latch 44 has a sliding ramp thereon, and the sliding pawl 461 slides along the sliding ramp to drive the stop pawl 462 into or out of the retracted path of the main latch 45.
  • the stop pawl 462 is controlled by the sliding jaw 461, which acts to retract the main locking tongue 45 when the primary locking tongue 45 is in the locked state.
  • the lock box 41 is further provided with a safety shaft 47.
  • the safety shaft 47 is disposed in the lock box 41 and protrudes from the lock box 41.
  • the safety shaft 47 is retractable in the axial direction.
  • the safety shaft 47 is rotated from the unlocking position to the locking position by the rotation.
  • the safety shaft 47 has a locking post 471.
  • the structure of the lock mechanism 4 is matched by the safety shaft 47, so that the operation of the lock mechanism 4 is simple and convenient, the safety performance and the intelligence degree are high, and in the secondary lock state, all come from Misoperation of external forces will not affect the lock state.
  • the safety shaft 47 is provided with a sensing post 472
  • the lock box 41 is provided with a sensor 48 for detecting the position of the sensing column 472 when the safety shaft 47 is rotated to the locking position.
  • the sensor 48 is facing the sensing post 472, and the sensor 48 is used to give a signal to enable the user to clearly distinguish whether the locking mechanism 4 is in the unlocked state or the locked state.
  • the inner surface of the box 6 away from the battery box is fixed with a pressing plate 49.
  • the pressing plate 49 is provided with an unlocking position and a locking position
  • the safety shaft 47 is provided with a clamping column. 473
  • the card post 473 rotates with the safety shaft 47 for switching between the unlocking position and the locking position.
  • the inner surface of the lock case 41 is fixed with a pressure plate 49
  • the sensor 48 is fixed to the inner side of the pressure plate 49
  • the safety shaft 47 passes through the pressure plate 49 and the lock case 41, and the safety shaft 47 can be elastically pressed in the axial direction thereof.
  • the card post 473 disposed thereon, switching between the unlocking position and the locking position, so that the user can perform manual operation and improve the reliability of the secondary insurance of the safety shaft 47.
  • the battery case unlocking device further includes a housing 5, and the transmission mechanism 3 and the locking mechanism 4 are disposed in the housing 5, and the mounting seat 1 and the telescopic mechanism 2 are extendable and contractable along the telescopic direction of the telescopic mechanism 2 It is disposed in the outer casing 5 to prevent the transmission mechanism 3 and the locking mechanism 4 from being exposed, and the protection transmission mechanism 3 and the locking mechanism 4 are not damaged.
  • the mounting seat 1 includes an electromagnet suction cup, and the electromagnet suction cup is sleeved at one end of the telescopic mechanism 2 away from the transmission mechanism 3.
  • the electromagnet suction cup is used as a power point to be connected with the external power equipment.
  • the battery case and the external device can be conveniently connected by the energization of the electromagnet, and the degree of automation and intelligence is high.
  • the present invention discloses a battery case including: a box body 6; a battery box unlocking device; the mounting seat 1 is disposed on a side of the telescopic mechanism 2 away from the box body 6, the telescopic mechanism 2 and the transmission mechanism 3 is provided at the end of the casing 6, the locking mechanism 4 is disposed at the side of the casing 6, the telescopic mechanism 2 is telescopically moved relative to the end of the casing 6, and the transmission mechanism 3 is moved along the end of the casing 6.
  • the number of the locking mechanisms 4 is two, and the two locking mechanisms 4 are oppositely disposed at two side portions of the casing 6; the number of the transmission mechanisms 3 is two, two transmission mechanisms 3 are respectively located on both sides of the telescopic mechanism 2; the telescopic mechanism 2 simultaneously drives the two locking mechanisms 4 to lock or unlock by the two transmission mechanisms 3.
  • the battery box unlocking device is changed from the two sides of the battery box to the unlocking point and the power point in the prior art, which simplifies the function point and the fault point of the battery box, and improves the use of the external device to unlock the battery box. Unlocking accuracy and success rate.
  • the present invention discloses a battery box quick change system, which comprises: a battery holder 7 , a power changing device 8 and a battery box; the battery holder 7 has a locking portion 71 and a lock.
  • the locking mechanism 4 is lockedly engaged with the locking portion 71.
  • the power changing device 8 includes a power-receiving device suction cup 81 and an unlocking lever 82 that is telescopically disposed in the power-receiving device suction cup 81.
  • the unlocking lever 82 is correspondingly disposed with the telescopic mechanism 2 to unlock
  • the extension movement of the rod 82 is used to push the telescopic mechanism 2 to retract, and the locking mechanism 4 and the locking portion 71 are unlocked, and the power changing device suction cup 81 connects the power changing device 8 and the battery box through the suction mounting seat 1.
  • the unlocking lever 82 of the power changing device 8 extends to push the telescopic rod 21 in the middle of the mounting seat 1 of the battery box.
  • the telescopic rod 21 drives the active column 31 to move toward the box 6 of the battery box, and the active column 31 is pushed by the connecting rod 33.
  • the driven post 32 moves to both sides.
  • the active post 31 moves 8 mm
  • the driven post 32 on either side of the active post 31 moves 4 mm, respectively, by changing the direction of motion without changing the thrust.
  • the driving transmission rod 34 is pushed to both sides to drive the main locking tongue 45 of the locking mechanism 4 to retract, thereby completing the unlocking.
  • the telescopic rod 21 is pushed by the manual or control device to reset, and the box 6 of the battery box is pushed into the battery holder 7 evenly, and the battery box is locked after being placed.
  • the mechanism 4 is automatically locked, and the manual or control device rotates the safety shaft 4790°, and the sensor 48 triggers the safety lock signal to confirm that the lock is intact and completes the locking process.
  • the locking bolt 44 When the box 6 of the battery box is pushed into the battery holder 7, the locking bolt 44 is retracted, but a certain pressing force is maintained, the main locking tongue 45 extends out of the cartridge battery holder 7, and the battery box is in the locked state.
  • the safety shaft 47 is manually turned by the user or the safety shaft 47 is automatically rotated by the control device to be twisted by 90 degrees, the locking post 471 of the safety shaft 47 bears against the main locking tongue 45, the safety shaft 47, and the main locking tongue 45.
  • the locking post 471 reaches the designated position and the sensor 48 senses, transmits a valid signal, expresses a safety lock signal, and the second lock is in the locked state of the battery box.
  • the safety shaft 47 When changing the battery box, the safety shaft 47 must be reset by manual or control equipment, the locking bracket 43 is dropped, and the main locking tongue 45 is automatically rebounded by the force of the locking tongue 44, and the battery box can be withdrawn from the battery holder. 7, to achieve the unlock function.
  • the battery box unlocking device, the battery box and the battery box quick-change system provided by the present invention transmit the torque generated by the telescopic movement of the telescopic mechanism 2 by the unlocking external force to the locking mechanism 4 by the transmission mechanism 3, and the plurality of functions are provided.
  • the components are integrated on the same battery box to realize a little action, unlock more points, realize automatic unlocking and locking, and the mechanical structure is simplified, safe and reliable, the interlocking effect is correct, the unlocking precision is high, and the two sides are avoided.

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Abstract

一种电池箱解锁装置、电池箱及电池箱快速换电系统，电池箱解锁装置包括：安装座（1）、伸缩机构（2）、传动机构（3）和锁止机构（4）；锁止机构（4）用于将电池箱的箱体（6）锁止固定在电动汽车的电池固定架（7）上；伸缩机构（2）穿设在安装座（1）中，在安装座（1）中相对于传动机构（3）作伸缩运动，带动传动机构（3）在伸缩机构（2）和锁止机构（4）之间运动，控制锁止机构（4）的锁定或解锁。电池箱包括箱体（6）和电池箱解锁装置。电池箱快速换电系统包括：电池固定架（7）、换电设备（8）以及电池箱。

Description

电池箱解锁装置、电池箱及电池箱快速换电系统
本申请要求申请日为2017年12月29日的中国专利申请CN201711482887.2的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及电池箱换电设备领域，特别涉及一种电池箱解锁装置、电池箱及电池箱快速换电系统。
背景技术
由于石油资源的紧张和人们日趋加强的环境保护意识，电动车的使用越来越广泛，并且已经成为了一种潮流。而为配合电动车的使用，换电站也应运而生，在换电站中，通过换电机器人实现对电动车的电池箱的快速换电。
现有技术中，电池箱上用于与换电设备连接的连接机构通常是与电池箱上用于与固定架锁定/解锁的锁止机构是分开设置的，锁止机构通常设置在电池箱的两侧，在使用换电设备将电池箱与电池固定架拆卸分离时，换电设备的解锁机构分别将电池箱两侧的锁止机构解锁，从而完成电池箱的拆卸动作。然而，在实际使用过程中，换电设备的解锁机构和电池箱的锁止机构采用的是硬接触的方式进行解锁操作，这种方式容易造成解锁机构和锁止机构中部件的磨损，并且需要进行复杂的对位操作，解锁精度较差，会发生解锁不完全而造成换电设备无法将电池箱拉出的问题，这也一定程度上影响了换电设备的换电效率。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中对电池箱进行解锁时易损坏锁定、解锁部件以及解锁精度差的缺陷，提供一种电池箱解锁装置、电池箱及电池箱快速换电系统。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题：
一种电池箱解锁装置，其包括有：安装座、伸缩机构、传动机构和锁止机构；所述锁止机构用于将电池箱的箱体锁止固定在电动汽车的电池固定架上；所述伸缩机构穿设在所述安装座中，所述伸缩机构在解锁外力作用下、在所述安装座中相对于所述传动机构作伸缩运动；所述传动机构的一端连接所述伸缩机构，所述传动机构的另一端连接所述 锁止机构；所述伸缩机构的伸缩运动带动所述传动机构在所述伸缩机构和所述锁止机构之间运动，所述传动机构的运动控制所述锁止机构的锁定或解锁。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述传动机构包括主动柱、从动柱、连接杆、传动杆和导向部；所述主动柱与所述伸缩机构连接，所述从动柱与所述传动杆的一端连接，所述连接杆分别与所述主动柱和所述从动柱连接，所述连接杆可绕所述主动柱的轴线转动，所述连接杆可绕所述从动柱的轴线转动；所述传动杆的另一端与所述锁止机构连接；所述导向部上开设有沿所述传动杆的运动方向延伸的从动导向孔，所述从动柱穿过所述从动导向孔并于所述从动导向孔中滑动。通过本优选实施方案，采用伸缩机构带动主动柱运动，主动柱和从动柱通过连接杆连动，从动柱沿与主动柱运动方向不同的方向朝主动柱的两侧沿导向部运动，将主动柱的纵向力矩转换成传动杆的横向力矩，并通过导向部来引导从动柱的横向移动，使得传动机构的连动效果更准确、顺畅，并节约了电池箱内部的空间。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述导向部上开设有沿所述伸缩机构的伸缩方向延伸的主动导向孔，所述主动柱穿过所述主动导向孔并于所述主动导向孔中滑动。通过本优选实施方案，使得伸缩机构在推拉主动柱的过程中，主动柱的运动始终处于同一直线上，避免在力矩传递过程中的力损失，提高了能源利用率。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述导向部上开设有传动导向孔，所述传动杆穿过所述传动导向孔并于所述传动导向孔中运动。通过本优选实施方案，避免传动杆在推拉过程中产生其他方向的晃动和位移。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述传动杆包括主动拉杆、第一复位弹簧和从动拉杆，所述主动拉杆与所述从动柱连接，所述主动拉杆与所述从动拉杆连接，所述从动拉杆与所述锁止机构连接，所述第一复位弹簧套设在所述主动拉杆上，所述第一复位弹簧一端连接在所述导向部，所述第一复位弹簧的另一端连接在所述主动拉杆。通过本优选实施方案，利用第一复位弹簧储存传递到主动拉杆上的力矩，再利用第一复位弹簧被压缩产生的回复力将该力矩释放给主动拉杆使其回复初始位置，使得在进行下一次解锁动作时，伸缩机构、主动拉杆、从动拉杆和锁止机构均能处于初始位置，便于下一步解锁。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述伸缩机构包括伸缩杆和空心轴，所述安装座套设在所述空心轴外，所述伸缩杆穿设在所述空心轴中并能在所述空心轴中作伸缩运动，所述伸缩杆与所述传动机构的一端连接。通过本优选实施方案，在伸缩杆外套设空心轴，使得伸缩杆在伸缩运动时能够得到空心轴的保护和引导，不至于弯曲致损或 者伸缩运动的方向偏离伸缩杆的轴线。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述空心轴上设有次级引导孔，所述次级引导孔沿所述伸缩杆的伸缩方向延伸，所述传动机构的一端穿过并能沿所述次级引导孔滑动，所述传动机构的一端与所述伸缩杆的连接处位于所述空心轴中。通过本优选实施方案，使得位于传动机构的一端的主动柱能够在空心轴中运动，被空心轴保护和引导，同时还能节约空间。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述空心轴远离所述安装座的一端连接有固定座，所述空心轴上套设有第二复位弹簧，所述第二复位弹簧的一端与所述固定座连接，所述第二复位弹簧的另一端与所述传动机构的一端连接。通过本优选实施方案，使得传动机构在完成解锁的力传递之后，能够通过第二复位弹簧的回复力自动复位，以便快速衔接下一个解锁动作。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述伸缩杆包括按动部和传动轴，所述传动轴穿设在所述空心轴中，所述按动部穿设在所述安装座远离所述空心轴的一端，所述传动轴与所述传动机构的一端连接，所述按动部抵顶在所述传动轴远离所述传动机构的一端的端部。通过本优选实施方案，伸缩杆采用两段式结构，给予了伸缩杆一定的“弯曲”空间，即按动部相对于传动轴在传动轴的径向方向可以发生微小位移，避免一体式伸缩杆在穿设于两个部件之间时，因两个部件之间的相对位移而发生弯曲的问题。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述按动部包括按钮、凸缘、凹陷部和抵顶柱，所述凹陷部凹设在所述按钮靠近所述传动轴的一端，所述凸缘环设在所述凹陷部周围，所述抵顶柱穿设在所述按钮中且与所述传动轴抵顶。通过本优选实施方案，利用凸缘和第二复位弹簧的配合，使得伸缩杆牢固地被定位在安装座和空心轴中，同时伸缩杆也不会因为第二复位弹簧的回复力弹出安装座。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述锁止机构包括锁盒以及设置在所述锁盒内的联动部、锁止支架、止退锁舌和主锁舌；所述联动部连接在所述传动机构远离所述伸缩机构的一端；所述止退锁舌的一端固定在所述锁盒上，所述止退锁舌的另一端可弹性地伸出所述锁盒；所述锁止支架卡设在所述联动部上，所述锁止支架连接在所述止退锁舌上，所述传动机构的运动带动所述联动部使所述锁止支架沿所述止退锁舌的伸缩方向伸缩；所述主锁舌连接在所述锁止支架上，所述锁止支架的伸缩运动带动所述主锁舌伸出或缩回所述锁盒。通过本优选实施方案，当联动部将传动机构的解锁外力传递给主锁舌时，主锁舌退回解锁，此时止退锁舌作为蓄能部件将力储蓄，当联动部没有外力时，止退锁舌将储蓄的力释放，推开联动部，并通过锁止支架带动主锁舌弹出锁盒，整个 解锁和复位的动作快速、精确。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述联动部包括解锁推杆、解锁摆杆和锁止摆杆；所述解锁推杆连接在所述传动机构的一端且沿所述传动机构的运动方向运动；所述解锁摆杆连接在所述解锁推杆上，所述解锁摆杆枢接于固定在所述锁盒上的摆动轴上，所述解锁推杆的运动带动所述解锁摆杆绕所述摆动轴摆动；所述锁止摆杆的一端枢接于固定在所述锁盒上的转轴上，所述锁止摆杆的另一端架设在所述解锁摆杆远离所述解锁推杆的一端；所述锁止支架卡设在所述锁止摆杆远离所述解锁摆杆的一端，所述锁止摆杆绕所述转轴转动带动所述锁止支架沿所述止退锁舌的伸缩方向运动。通过本优选实施方案，利用解锁摆杆和锁止摆杆将解锁推杆受到的解锁外力精确地传递给止退锁舌上。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述锁止支架上固定有锁止片，所述锁止片上具有滑动卡爪和止挡卡爪，所述滑动卡爪和所述止挡卡爪连动，所述止退锁舌上具有滑动斜面，所述滑动卡爪沿所述滑动斜面滑动带动所述止挡卡爪进入或退出所述主锁舌的缩进路径。通过本优选实施方案，通过滑动卡爪控制止挡卡爪，在主锁舌处于锁定状态时，止挡卡爪起到止退主锁舌的作用。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述锁盒中还设有保险轴，所述保险轴穿设在所述锁盒中并伸出所述锁盒，所述保险轴在轴向方向上可伸缩，所述保险轴通过自转从解锁位转动至锁定位，所述保险轴上具有锁定柱，当所述保险轴转动至所述锁定位时，所述主锁舌伸出所述锁盒，所述锁定柱顶住所述主锁舌的后端。通过本优选实施方案，利用保险轴配合前述的锁止机构的结构，使得锁止机构的操作简单、便捷，安全性能和智能化程度高，且在二级锁止状态下，所有来自外力的误操作，都不会对锁止状态产生影响。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述保险轴上设有感应柱，所述锁盒上设有传感器，所述传感器用于检测所述感应柱的位置，当所述保险轴转动至所述锁定位时，所述传感器正对所述感应柱。通过本优选实施方案，采用传感器给出信号，使用户能够清晰辨别锁止机构是处于解锁状态还是锁止状态。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述锁盒远离所述电池箱的箱体的内表面固定有压板，所述压板上开设有解锁位和锁止位，所述保险轴上设有卡位柱，所述卡位柱随所述保险轴转动，用于在所述解锁位和所述锁止位之间切换。通过本优选实施方案，提高保险轴二次保险的可靠性。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述电池箱解锁装置还包括外壳，所述传 动机构和所述锁止机构设置在所述外壳中，所述安装座和所述伸缩机构沿所述伸缩机构的伸缩方向可伸缩地设置在所述外壳中。通过本优选实施方案，避免传动机构和锁止机构暴露在外，保护传动机构和锁止机构不受损坏。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱解锁装置中，所述安装座包括电磁铁吸盘，所述电磁铁吸盘套设在所述伸缩机构远离所述传动机构的一端。通过本优选实施方案，利用电磁铁通电就能方便地将电池箱和外部设备吸合连接，自动化和智能化的程度高。
一种电池箱，其包括有：箱体；电池箱解锁装置；所述安装座设置在所述伸缩机构远离所述箱体的一侧，所述伸缩机构和所述传动机构设置在所述箱体的端部，所述锁止机构设置在所述箱体的侧部；所述伸缩机构相对于所述箱体的端部作伸缩运动，所述传动机构沿所述箱体的端部运动。
较佳地，在本发明的电池箱中，所述锁止机构的数量为两个，两个所述锁止机构相对设置在所述箱体的两个侧部；所述传动机构的数量为两个，两个所述传动机构分别位于所述伸缩机构的两侧；所述伸缩机构通过两个所述传动机构同时带动两个锁止机构锁定或解锁。通过本优选实施方案，电池箱解锁装置从现有技术中的分设在电池箱的箱体的两边变为解锁点与动力点合一，简化了电池箱的功能点和故障点，提高使用外部设备解锁电池箱时的解锁精度和成功率。
一种电池箱快速换电系统，其包括有：电池固定架、换电设备以及电池箱；所述电池固定架具有锁止部，所述锁止机构与所述锁止部锁定配合；所述换电设备包括换电设备吸盘及可伸缩地穿设在所述换电设备吸盘中的解锁杆，所述解锁杆与所述伸缩机构对应设置，所述解锁杆的伸出运动用于推动所述伸缩机构缩入，带动所述锁止机构与所述锁止部解锁，所述换电设备吸盘通过吸合所述安装座将所述换电设备与所述电池箱连接在一起。
在符合本领域常识的基础上，上述各优选条件，可任意组合，即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明的积极进步效果在于：
本发明提供的电池箱解锁装置、电池箱及电池箱快速换电系统，利用传动机构将伸缩机构受解锁外力而进行的伸缩运动所产生的力矩传递给锁止机构，将多个功能部件集成在同一个电池箱上，实现一点动作，多点解锁，能实现自动解锁和锁止，并且机械结构简化，安全可靠，连动效果正确，其解锁精度高，且避免了位于两侧的解锁装置和锁止机构的硬连接造成的损坏锁定和解锁部件的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例的电池箱解锁装置的立体图。
图2为本发明一实施例的电池箱解锁装置中伸缩机构的示意图。
图3为本发明一实施例的电池箱解锁装置中传动机构的示意图。
图4为本发明一实施例的电池箱解锁装置中导向部的示意图。
图5为本发明一实施例的电池箱解锁装置中锁止机构的内部示意图。
图6为本发明一实施例的电池箱解锁装置中锁止机构的连接示意图。
图7为本发明一实施例的电池箱的正面图。
图8为本发明一实施例的电池箱与电池固定架安装时的示意图。
图9为本发明一实施例的电池箱快速换电系统的解锁示意图。
附图标记说明：
安装座1；伸缩机构2；伸缩杆21；按动部211；按钮2111；凸缘2112；凹陷部2113；抵顶柱2114；传动轴212；空心轴22；次级引导孔221；固定座23；第二复位弹簧24；传动机构3；主动柱31；从动柱32；连接杆33；传动杆34；主动拉杆341；第一复位弹簧342；从动拉杆343；导向部35；从动导向孔351；主动导向孔352；传动导向孔353；锁止机构4；锁盒41；联动部42；解锁推杆421；解锁摆杆422；锁止摆杆423；锁止支架43；止退锁舌44；主锁舌45；锁止片46；滑动卡爪461；止挡卡爪462；保险轴47；锁定柱471；感应柱472；卡位柱473；传感器48；压板49；外壳5；箱体6；电池固定架7；锁止部71；换电设备8；换电设备吸盘81；解锁杆82
具体实施方式
下面举个较佳实施例，并结合附图来更清楚完整地说明本发明。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
如图1至图6所示，本发明的一实施例公开了一种电池箱解锁装置，其包括有：安装座1、伸缩机构2、传动机构3和锁止机构4；锁止机构4用于将电池箱的箱体6锁止固定在电动汽车的电池固定架7上；伸缩机构2穿设在安装座1中，伸缩机构2在解锁外力作用下、在安装座1中相对于传动机构3作伸缩运动；传动机构3的一端连接伸缩机构2，传动机构3的另一端连接锁止机构4；伸缩机构2的伸缩运动带动传动机构3在 伸缩机构2和锁止机构4之间运动，传动机构3的运动控制锁止机构4的锁定或解锁。
具体来说，在混合动力汽车中，当电池电力不足需要更换时，需要使用外部设备对电池箱进行快速解锁，因此在电池箱上亦需要配备相应的解锁装置，来达到快速解锁的目的，在现有技术中，外部设备对位于两侧的电池箱解锁装置从两侧按压电池箱的箱体6使其从电池固定架7上分离，通常的换电时间约为十分钟，换电时间也较长。在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，相比原先使用的电池箱解锁装置，设备整体结构紧凑，体积不大，动作灵敏，最重要的是换电时间小于六分钟，效率提高了近一倍。在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，在解锁外力的作用下，伸缩机构2在安装座1中相对于电池箱的箱体6作伸缩运动，带动传动机构3向伸缩机构2的两侧沿电池箱的箱体6的表面做推拉运动，最终带动锁止机构4与电池固定架7锁止或解锁，伸缩机构2将解锁外力传递给传动机构3，传动机构3再将该解锁外力传递给锁止机构4，通过一点控制多点锁止和解锁的连动机构，实现了自动化和智能化的解锁、锁止控制，并且机械结构简化，安全可靠，连动效果正确。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，传动机构3包括主动柱31、从动柱32、连接杆33、传动杆34和导向部35；主动柱31与伸缩机构2连接，从动柱32与传动杆34的一端连接，连接杆33分别与主动柱31和从动柱32连接，连接杆33可绕主动柱31的轴线转动，连接杆33可绕从动柱32的轴线转动；传动杆34的另一端与锁止机构4连接；导向部35上开设有沿传动杆34的运动方向延伸的从动导向孔351，从动柱32穿过从动导向孔351并于从动导向孔351中滑动。具体来说，传动机构3是核心部件，为实现本发明的目的，在本实施例的换电设备8解锁装置中，传动机构3的结构包括了五个部件，其中主动柱31被伸缩机构2驱动，通过伸缩运动产生相对于电池箱的箱体6方向的作用力，主动柱31随着伸缩运动一起运动，通过连接杆33带动从动柱32沿着导向部35上的从动导向孔351向主动柱31的两侧运动，此时通过连接杆33相对于主动柱31和从动柱32的两个旋转运动将主动柱31产生的相对于电池箱的箱体6方向的作用力，在本实施例中，导向部35是框架结构，从动导向孔351开设在该框架结构上，从动柱32穿过从动导向孔351并沿着从动导向孔351在框架结构上移动。通过本优选实施方案，采用伸缩机构2带动主动柱31运动，主动柱31和从动柱32通过连接杆33连动，从动柱32沿与主动柱31运动方向不同的方向朝主动柱31的两侧沿导向部35运动，将主动柱31的纵向力矩转换成传动杆34的横向力矩，并通过导向部35来引导从动柱32的横向移动，使得传动机构3的连动效果更准确、顺畅，并节约了电池箱内部的空间。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，导向部35上开设有沿伸缩机构2的伸缩方向延伸 的主动导向孔352，主动柱31穿过主动导向孔352并于主动导向孔352中滑动。具体来说，在与从动导向孔351不同的方向上，在导向部35上开设主动导向孔352，主动柱31穿过主动导向孔352并沿主动导向孔352在导向部35中移动。在本实施例中，优选地，从动导向孔351相对于主动导向孔352更靠近电池箱的箱体6，从动导向孔351设置在主动导向孔352的两侧，主动导向孔352与从动导向孔351垂直。通过本优选实施方案，使得伸缩机构2在推拉主动柱31的过程中，主动柱31的运动始终处于同一直线上，避免在力矩传递过程中的力损失，提高了能源利用率。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，导向部35上开设有传动导向孔353，传动杆34穿过传动导向孔353并于传动导向孔353中运动。具体来说，在导向部35的框架结构的侧面开设传动导向孔353，用于在传动杆34作推拉运动时起到导向作用。通过本优选实施方案，避免传动杆34在推拉过程中产生其他方向的晃动和位移。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，传动杆34包括主动拉杆341、第一复位弹簧342和从动拉杆343，主动拉杆341与从动柱32连接，主动拉杆341与从动拉杆343连接，从动拉杆343与锁止机构4连接，第一复位弹簧342套设在主动拉杆341上，第一复位弹簧342一端连接在导向部35，第一复位弹簧342的另一端连接在主动拉杆341。具体来说，传动杆34具有三个部分，由主动拉杆341接受从动柱32的作用力并形成推拉运动，从而带动从动拉杆343作推拉运动，第一复位弹簧342吸收推拉运动产生的推拉力，从而当解锁外力撤去之后，第一复位弹簧342释放储存的推拉力，使主动拉杆341复位。通过本优选实施方案，利用第一复位弹簧342储存传递到主动拉杆341上的力矩，再利用第一复位弹簧342被压缩产生的回复力将该力矩释放给主动拉杆341使其回复初始位置，使得在进行下一次解锁动作时，伸缩机构2、主动拉杆341、从动拉杆343和锁止机构4均能处于初始位置，便于下一步解锁。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，伸缩机构2包括伸缩杆21和空心轴22，安装座1套设在空心轴22外，伸缩杆21穿设在空心轴22中并能在空心轴22中作伸缩运动，伸缩杆21与传动机构3的一端连接。具体来说，空心轴22穿设在导向部35的框架结构中，伸缩杆21穿设在空心轴22中，在施加解锁外力时，伸缩杆21作伸缩运动，而空心轴22不动。通过本优选实施方案，在伸缩杆21外套设空心轴22，使得伸缩杆21在伸缩运动时能够得到空心轴22的保护和引导，不至于弯曲致损或者伸缩运动的方向偏离伸缩杆21的轴线。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，空心轴22上设有次级引导孔221，次级引导孔221沿伸缩杆21的伸缩方向延伸，传动机构3的一端穿过并能沿次级引导孔221滑动，传动 机构3的一端与伸缩杆21的连接处位于空心轴22中。具体来说，空心轴22上对应主动柱31引导孔开设有次级引导孔221，位于传动机构3的一端的主动柱31依次穿过导向部35的框架结构上的主动柱31引导孔和空心轴22上的次级引导孔221并随着伸缩杆21作伸缩运动。通过本优选实施方案，使得位于传动机构3的一端的主动柱31能够在空心轴22中运动，被空心轴22保护和引导，同时还能节约空间。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，空心轴22远离安装座1的一端连接有固定座23，空心轴22上套设有第二复位弹簧24，第二复位弹簧24的一端与固定座23连接，第二复位弹簧24的另一端与传动机构3的一端连接。具体来说，当安装座1被施加外力时，会推动空心轴22作轴向运动，因此需要一个第二复位弹簧24保证外力撤去时空心轴22和安装座1能够回复初始位置，避免影响后一次解锁动作。通过本优选实施方案，使得传动机构3在完成解锁的力传递之后，能够通过第二复位弹簧24的回复力自动复位，以便快速衔接下一个解锁动作。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，伸缩杆21包括按动部211和传动轴212，传动轴212穿设在空心轴22中，按动部211穿设在安装座1远离空心轴22的一端，传动轴212与传动机构3的一端连接，按动部211抵顶在传动轴212远离传动机构3的一端的端部。具体来说，伸缩杆21重复几百上千次伸缩运动的步骤后难免会因为其长度和粗细导致弯折的问题，因此本实施例中，伸缩杆21具有按动部211和传动轴212这两个部分的结构，按动部211和传动轴212并不是固定连接的，而是通过传动轴212将按动部211抵顶在安装座1上的方式保持结构稳定的。通过本优选实施方案，伸缩杆21采用两段式结构，给予了伸缩杆21一定的“弯曲”空间，即按动部211相对于传动轴212在传动轴212的径向方向可以发生微小位移，避免一体式伸缩杆21在穿设于两个部件之间时，因两个部件之间的相对位移而发生弯曲的问题。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，按动部211包括按钮2111、凸缘2112、凹陷部2113和抵顶柱2114，凹陷部2113凹设在按钮2111靠近传动轴212的一端，凸缘2112环设在凹陷部2113周围，抵顶柱2114穿设在按钮2111中且与传动轴212抵顶。具体来说，第二复位弹簧24的回复力可能使按动部211被弹出安装座1从而影响下一个解锁动作，同时，在按动部211受到解锁外力被按入时，由于空心轴22的存在可能会限制其伸缩运动，因此，按动部211包括了四个部分，按钮2111用于接收解锁外力，凸缘2112用于防止按动部211弹出安装座1，凹陷部2113用于包容空心轴22以延长按动部211的伸缩距离，抵顶柱2114用于带动传动轴212伸缩。通过本优选实施方案，利用凸缘2112和第二复位弹簧24的配合，使得伸缩杆21牢固地被定位在安装座1和空心轴22中，同时伸 缩杆21也不会因为第二复位弹簧24的回复力弹出安装座1。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，锁止机构4包括锁盒41以及设置在锁盒41内的联动部42、锁止支架43、止退锁舌44和主锁舌45；联动部42连接在传动机构3远离伸缩机构2的一端；止退锁舌44的一端固定在锁盒41上，止退锁舌44的另一端可弹性地伸出锁盒41；锁止支架43卡设在联动部42上，锁止支架43连接在止退锁舌44上，传动机构3的运动带动联动部42使锁止支架43沿止退锁舌44的伸缩方向伸缩；主锁舌45连接在锁止支架43上，锁止支架43的伸缩运动带动主锁舌45伸出或缩回锁盒41。当联动部42将传动机构3的解锁外力传递给主锁舌45时，主锁舌45退回解锁，此时止退锁舌44作为蓄能部件将力储蓄，当联动部42没有外力时，止退锁舌44将储蓄的力释放，推开联动部42，并通过锁止支架43带动主锁舌45弹出锁盒41，整个解锁和复位的动作快速、精确。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，联动部42包括解锁推杆421、解锁摆杆422和锁止摆杆423；解锁推杆421连接在传动机构3的一端且沿传动机构3的运动方向运动；解锁摆杆422连接在解锁推杆421上，解锁摆杆422枢接于固定在锁盒41上的摆动轴上，解锁推杆421的运动带动解锁摆杆422绕摆动轴摆动；锁止摆杆423的一端枢接于固定在锁盒41上的转轴上，锁止摆杆423的另一端架设在解锁摆杆422远离解锁推杆421的一端；锁止支架43卡设在锁止摆杆423远离解锁摆杆422的一端，锁止摆杆423绕转轴转动带动锁止支架43沿止退锁舌44的伸缩方向运动，从而利用解锁摆杆422和锁止摆杆423将解锁推杆421受到的解锁外力精确地传递给止退锁舌44上。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，锁止支架43上固定有锁止片46，锁止片46上具有滑动卡爪461和止挡卡爪462，滑动卡爪461和止挡卡爪462连动，止退锁舌44上具有滑动斜面，滑动卡爪461沿滑动斜面滑动带动止挡卡爪462进入或退出主锁舌45的缩进路径。通过本优选实施方案，通过滑动卡爪461控制止挡卡爪462，在主锁舌45处于锁定状态时，止挡卡爪462起到止退主锁舌45的作用。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，锁盒41中还设有保险轴47，保险轴47穿设在锁盒41中并伸出锁盒41，保险轴47在轴向方向上可伸缩，保险轴47通过自转从解锁位转动至锁定位，保险轴47上具有锁定柱471，当保险轴47转动至锁定位时，主锁舌45伸出锁盒41，锁定柱471顶住主锁舌45的后端。通过本优选实施方案，利用保险轴47配合前述的锁止机构4的结构，使得锁止机构4的操作简单、便捷，安全性能和智能化程度高，且在二级锁止状态下，所有来自外力的误操作，都不会对锁止状态产生影响。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，保险轴47上设有感应柱472，锁盒41上设有传感 器48，传感器48用于检测感应柱472的位置，当保险轴47转动至锁定位时，传感器48正对感应柱472，采用传感器48给出信号，使用户能够清晰辨别锁止机构4是处于解锁状态还是锁止状态。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，锁盒41远离电池箱的箱体6的内表面固定有压板49，压板49上开设有解锁位和锁止位，保险轴47上设有卡位柱473，卡位柱473随保险轴47转动，用于在解锁位和锁止位之间切换。在本实施例中，锁盒41的内表面固定有压板49，传感器48固定在压板49的内侧，保险轴47穿出压板49和锁盒41，保险轴47可以在其轴向方向上弹性压入或弹出，配合设置于其上的卡位柱473，在解锁位和锁止位之间切换，使得用户可进行手动操作，提高保险轴47二次保险的可靠性。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，电池箱解锁装置还包括外壳5，传动机构3和锁止机构4设置在外壳5中，安装座1和伸缩机构2沿伸缩机构2的伸缩方向可伸缩地设置在外壳5中，避免传动机构3和锁止机构4暴露在外，保护传动机构3和锁止机构4不受损坏。
在本实施例的电池箱解锁装置中，安装座1包括电磁铁吸盘，电磁铁吸盘套设在伸缩机构2远离传动机构3的一端。具体来说，为了将电池箱的动力点和解锁点合一，简化电池箱功能件和故障点，提高运营的成功率，使用电磁铁吸盘作为动力点，以和外部动力设备吸合连接。通过本优选实施方案，利用电磁铁通电就能方便地将电池箱和外部设备吸合连接，自动化和智能化的程度高。
如图7所示，本发明公开了一种电池箱，其包括有：箱体6；电池箱解锁装置；安装座1设置在伸缩机构2远离箱体6的一侧，伸缩机构2和传动机构3设置在箱体6的端部，锁止机构4设置在箱体6的侧部；伸缩机构2相对于箱体6的端部作伸缩运动，传动机构3沿箱体6的端部运动。
在本实施例的电池箱中，锁止机构4的数量为两个，两个锁止机构4相对设置在箱体6的两个侧部；传动机构3的数量为两个，两个传动机构3分别位于伸缩机构2的两侧；伸缩机构2通过两个传动机构3同时带动两个锁止机构4锁定或解锁。通过本优选实施方案，电池箱解锁装置从现有技术中的分设在电池箱的两边变为解锁点与动力点合一，简化了电池箱的功能点和故障点，提高使用外部设备解锁电池箱时的解锁精度和成功率。
如图8和图9所示，本发明公开了一种电池箱快速换电系统，其包括有：电池固定架7、换电设备8以及电池箱；电池固定架7具有锁止部71，锁止机构4与锁止部71锁定配合；换电设备8包括换电设备吸盘81及可伸缩地穿设在换电设备吸盘81中的解锁 杆82，解锁杆82与伸缩机构2对应设置，解锁杆82的伸出运动用于推动伸缩机构2缩入，带动锁止机构4与锁止部71解锁，换电设备吸盘81通过吸合安装座1将换电设备8与电池箱连接在一起。
换电设备8的解锁杆82伸出，推动电池箱的安装座1中间的伸缩杆21，伸缩杆21带动主动柱31向电池箱的箱体6动作一段距离，主动柱31通过连接杆33推动从动柱32向两侧运动，在一个优选实施例中，主动柱31运动8毫米，在主动柱31两侧的从动柱32分别运动4毫米，通过不改变推力而改变运动方向的方式，带动传动杆34向两侧推动，带动锁止机构4的主锁舌45缩回，从而完成解锁。当需要锁止电池箱的箱体6至电池固定架7上时，通过人工或者控制设备推动伸缩杆21复位，推动电池箱的箱体6均匀进入电池固定架7，到位后电池箱的锁止机构4自动锁止，人工或者控制装置转动保险轴4790°，传感器48触发安全锁止信号，确认锁止完好，完成锁止过程。
当电池箱的箱体6推入电池固定架7时，止退锁舌44缩回，但保持一定的压紧力，主锁舌45伸出卡柱电池固定架7，电池箱处于锁止状态，当通过用户手动拧动保险轴47或者通过控制设备自动转动保险轴47，使其扭动90度时，保险轴47的锁定柱471顶住主锁舌45，保险轴47，主锁舌45始终安全锁止，锁定柱471到达指定位置触发传感器48感应，传出有效信号，表达安全锁止信号，电池箱的锁止状态上了第二道保险。在换电池箱时，必须把保险轴47通过人工或者控制设备复位，锁止支架43落下，利用止退锁舌44储蓄的力，主锁舌45自动弹回，电池箱即可退出电池固定架7，实现解锁功能。
本发明提供的电池箱解锁装置、电池箱及电池箱快速换电系统，利用传动机构3将伸缩机构2受解锁外力而进行的伸缩运动所产生的力矩传递给锁止机构4，将多个功能部件集成在同一个电池箱上，实现一点动作，多点解锁，能实现自动解锁和锁止，并且机械结构简化，安全可靠，连动效果正确，其解锁精度高，且避免了位于两侧的解锁装置和锁止机构4的硬连接造成的损坏锁定和解锁部件的问题。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，这仅是举例说明，本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下，可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改，但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，其包括有：
    安装座、伸缩机构、传动机构和锁止机构；
    所述锁止机构用于将电池箱的箱体锁止固定在电动汽车的电池固定架上；
    所述伸缩机构穿设在所述安装座中，所述伸缩机构在解锁外力作用下、在所述安装座中相对于所述传动机构作伸缩运动；
    所述传动机构的一端连接所述伸缩机构，所述传动机构的另一端连接所述锁止机构；
    所述伸缩机构的伸缩运动带动所述传动机构在所述伸缩机构和所述锁止机构之间运动，所述传动机构的运动控制所述锁止机构的锁定或解锁。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述传动机构包括主动柱、从动柱、连接杆、传动杆和导向部；
    所述主动柱与所述伸缩机构连接，所述从动柱与所述传动杆的一端连接，所述连接杆分别与所述主动柱和所述从动柱连接，所述连接杆可绕所述主动柱的轴线转动，所述连接杆可绕所述从动柱的轴线转动；
    所述传动杆的另一端与所述锁止机构连接；
    所述导向部上开设有沿所述传动杆的运动方向延伸的从动导向孔，所述从动柱穿过所述从动导向孔并于所述从动导向孔中滑动；
    优选地，所述导向部上开设有沿所述伸缩机构的伸缩方向延伸的主动导向孔，所述主动柱穿过所述主动导向孔并于所述主动导向孔中滑动。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述导向部上开设有传动导向孔，所述传动杆穿过所述传动导向孔并于所述传动导向孔中运动。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述传动杆包括主动拉杆、第一复位弹簧和从动拉杆，所述主动拉杆与所述从动柱连接，所述主动拉杆与所述从动拉杆连接，所述从动拉杆与所述锁止机构连接，所述第一复位弹簧套设在所述主动拉杆上，所述第一复位弹簧一端连接在所述导向部，所述第一复位弹簧的另一端连接在所述主动拉杆。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中至少一项所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述伸缩机构包括伸缩杆和空心轴，所述安装座套设在所述空心轴外，所述伸缩杆穿设在所述空心轴中并能在所述空心轴中作伸缩运动，所述伸缩杆与所述传动机构的一端连接。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述空心轴上设有次级引导 孔，所述次级引导孔沿所述伸缩杆的伸缩方向延伸，所述传动机构的一端穿过并能沿所述次级引导孔滑动，所述传动机构的一端与所述伸缩杆的连接处位于所述空心轴中。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述空心轴远离所述安装座的一端连接有固定座，所述空心轴上套设有第二复位弹簧，所述第二复位弹簧的一端与所述固定座连接，所述第二复位弹簧的另一端与所述传动机构的一端连接。
  8. 如权利要求5所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述伸缩杆包括按动部和传动轴，所述传动轴穿设在所述空心轴中，所述按动部穿设在所述安装座远离所述空心轴的一端，所述传动轴与所述传动机构的一端连接，所述按动部抵顶在所述传动轴远离所述传动机构的一端的端部。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述按动部包括按钮、凸缘、凹陷部和抵顶柱，所述凹陷部凹设在所述按钮靠近所述传动轴的一端，所述凸缘环设在所述凹陷部周围，所述抵顶柱穿设在所述按钮中且与所述传动轴抵顶。
  10. 如权利要求1-9中至少一项所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于：
    所述锁止机构包括锁盒以及设置在所述锁盒内的联动部、锁止支架、止退锁舌和主锁舌；
    所述联动部连接在所述传动机构远离所述伸缩机构的一端；
    所述止退锁舌的一端固定在所述锁盒上，所述止退锁舌的另一端可弹性地伸出所述锁盒；
    所述锁止支架卡设在所述联动部上，所述锁止支架连接在所述止退锁舌上，所述传动机构的运动带动所述联动部使所述锁止支架沿所述止退锁舌的伸缩方向伸缩；
    所述主锁舌连接在所述锁止支架上，所述锁止支架的伸缩运动带动所述主锁舌伸出或缩回所述锁盒。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于：
    所述联动部包括解锁推杆、解锁摆杆和锁止摆杆；
    所述解锁推杆连接在所述传动机构的一端且沿所述传动机构的运动方向运动；
    所述解锁摆杆连接在所述解锁推杆上，所述解锁摆杆枢接于固定在所述锁盒上的摆动轴上，所述解锁推杆的运动带动所述解锁摆杆绕所述摆动轴摆动；
    所述锁止摆杆的一端枢接于固定在所述锁盒上的转轴上，所述锁止摆杆的另一端架设在所述解锁摆杆远离所述解锁推杆的一端；
    所述锁止支架卡设在所述锁止摆杆远离所述解锁摆杆的一端，所述锁止摆杆绕所述转轴转动带动所述锁止支架沿所述止退锁舌的伸缩方向运动。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述锁止支架上固定有锁止片，所述锁止片上具有滑动卡爪和止挡卡爪，所述滑动卡爪和所述止挡卡爪连动，所述止退锁舌上具有滑动斜面，所述滑动卡爪沿所述滑动斜面滑动带动所述止挡卡爪进入或退出所述主锁舌的缩进路径。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述锁盒中还设有保险轴，所述保险轴穿设在所述锁盒中并伸出所述锁盒，所述保险轴在轴向方向上可伸缩，所述保险轴通过自转从解锁位转动至锁定位，所述保险轴上具有锁定柱，当所述保险轴转动至所述锁定位时，所述主锁舌伸出所述锁盒，所述锁定柱顶住所述主锁舌的后端。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述保险轴上设有感应柱，所述锁盒上设有传感器，所述传感器用于检测所述感应柱的位置，当所述保险轴转动至所述锁定位时，所述传感器正对所述感应柱。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述锁盒远离所述电池箱的箱体的内表面固定有压板，所述压板上开设有解锁位和锁止位，所述保险轴上设有卡位柱，所述卡位柱随所述保险轴转动，用于在所述解锁位和所述锁止位之间切换。
  16. 如权利要求1-15中至少一项所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述电池箱解锁装置还包括外壳，所述传动机构和所述锁止机构设置在所述外壳中，所述安装座和所述伸缩机构沿所述伸缩机构的伸缩方向可伸缩地设置在所述外壳中。
  17. 如权利要求1至16中至少一项所述的电池箱解锁装置，其特征在于，所述安装座包括电磁铁吸盘，所述电磁铁吸盘套设在所述伸缩机构远离所述传动机构的一端。
  18. 一种电池箱，其特征在于，其包括有：
    箱体；
    如权利要求1至17任一项所述的电池箱解锁装置；
    所述安装座设置在所述伸缩机构远离所述箱体的一侧，所述伸缩机构和所述传动机构设置在所述箱体的端部，所述锁止机构设置在所述箱体的侧部；
    所述伸缩机构相对于所述箱体的端部作伸缩运动，所述传动机构沿所述箱体的端部运动。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的电池箱，其特征在于：
    所述锁止机构的数量为两个，两个所述锁止机构相对设置在所述箱体的两个侧部；
    所述传动机构的数量为两个，两个所述传动机构分别位于所述伸缩机构的两侧；
    所述伸缩机构通过两个所述传动机构同时带动两个锁止机构锁定或解锁。
  20. 一种电池箱快速换电系统，其特征在于，其包括有：
    电池固定架、换电设备以及如权利要求18或19所述的电池箱；
    所述电池固定架具有锁止部，所述锁止机构与所述锁止部锁定配合；
    所述换电设备包括换电设备吸盘及可伸缩地穿设在所述换电设备吸盘中的解锁杆，所述解锁杆与所述伸缩机构对应设置，所述解锁杆的伸出运动用于推动所述伸缩机构缩入，带动所述锁止机构与所述锁止部解锁，所述换电设备吸盘通过吸合所述安装座将所述换电设备与所述电池箱连接在一起。
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