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WO2017133392A1 - 用于终端的充电系统、充电方法以及电源适配器 - Google Patents

用于终端的充电系统、充电方法以及电源适配器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017133392A1
WO2017133392A1 PCT/CN2017/070537 CN2017070537W WO2017133392A1 WO 2017133392 A1 WO2017133392 A1 WO 2017133392A1 CN 2017070537 W CN2017070537 W CN 2017070537W WO 2017133392 A1 WO2017133392 A1 WO 2017133392A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
terminal
power adapter
voltage
instruction
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/070537
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
田晨
张加亮
Original Assignee
广东欧珀移动通信有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/CN2016/073679 external-priority patent/WO2017133001A1/zh
Application filed by 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司 filed Critical 广东欧珀移动通信有限公司
Priority to JP2017564896A priority Critical patent/JP6546295B2/ja
Priority to CN201780002056.2A priority patent/CN108093663B/zh
Priority to EP17746712.3A priority patent/EP3282547B1/en
Priority to KR1020177036990A priority patent/KR102157329B1/ko
Priority to TW106103382A priority patent/TWI663810B/zh
Publication of WO2017133392A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017133392A1/zh
Priority to US15/807,511 priority patent/US11539230B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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    • H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
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    • H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
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    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/10—Control circuit supply, e.g. means for supplying power to the control circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00034—Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of terminal equipment technologies, and in particular, to a charging system for a terminal, a charging method for the terminal, and a power adapter.
  • mobile terminals such as smart phones
  • mobile terminals consume a large amount of power and require frequent charging.
  • the power adapter generally includes a primary rectifier circuit, a primary filter circuit, a transformer, a secondary rectifier circuit, a secondary filter circuit, and a control circuit, etc., so that the power adapter converts the input 220V AC into a stable low voltage DC power suitable for the needs of the mobile terminal. (for example, 5V), the power management device and the battery provided to the mobile terminal are implemented to charge the mobile terminal.
  • AC power such as 50 Hz 220 V mains
  • electrolytic capacitors are required to store energy.
  • the power supply continues to depend on the energy storage of the electrolytic capacitor to maintain a stable power supply. Therefore, when the AC power source charges the mobile terminal through the power adapter, the AC power provided by the AC power source, for example, 220 V AC power, is first converted into a stable DC power to supply the mobile terminal.
  • the power adapter charges the battery of the mobile terminal, thereby indirectly supplying power to the mobile terminal, and the continuity of the power supply is guaranteed by the battery, so that the power adapter does not need to continuously output stable DC power when charging the battery.
  • the adapter terminal directly connects the battery and the output voltage and current are adjusted by the adapter, the adapter needs to know the voltage of the battery terminal and the like, and obtains the information. Knowing the battery voltage information to determine whether the target voltage is reached and starting when the target voltage is reached Reduce the output current.
  • the voltage and other information of the battery are generally obtained by sampling the ADC, and the sampled voltage belongs to the instantaneous voltage value. The voltage value collected by this sampling method is feasible in the DC charging process, but there is a problem in the pulse charging.
  • the voltage on the battery will fluctuate with the fluctuation of the pulse current waveform, so that the voltage of the battery will appear peaks and troughs, and the battery should not be under pressure. It is necessary to ensure that the peak voltage of the battery is not overvoltage. However, since the instantaneous voltage value is sampled in the above manner, if the valley voltage is sampled at this time, the system will be affected in time for adjustment.
  • a first object of the present invention is to provide a charging system for a terminal, which can directly load a voltage of a pulsating waveform outputted by a power adapter to a battery of the terminal, thereby achieving miniaturization and low cost of the power adapter.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a power adapter.
  • a third object of the present invention is to propose a charging method for a terminal.
  • a charging system for a terminal includes: a power adapter, the power adapter includes: a first rectifying unit, wherein the first rectifying unit performs an input alternating current Rectifying to output a voltage of the first pulsation waveform; a switching unit configured to modulate a voltage of the first pulsation waveform according to a control signal; and a transformer for modulating the first pulsation according to the modulation
  • the voltage of the waveform outputs the voltage of the second pulsating waveform
  • the second rectifying unit is configured to rectify the voltage of the second pulsating waveform to output the voltage of the third pulsating waveform
  • the first charging interface The first charging interface is connected to the second rectifying unit;
  • the control unit is connected to the switching unit, and the control unit outputs the control signal to the switching unit, and the control signal
  • the duty ratio is adjusted such that the voltage of the third pulsation waveform satisfies a charging requirement; and the terminal
  • the voltage of the third pulsation waveform is output by controlling the power adapter, and the voltage of the third pulsation waveform output by the power adapter is directly loaded to the battery of the terminal, thereby achieving pulsating output.
  • the voltage/current directly charges the battery quickly.
  • the pulsating output voltage/current is periodically changed.
  • the lithium battery can be reduced in lithium deposition, the service life of the battery can be improved, and the contact of the charging interface can be reduced.
  • the probability and intensity of the arc improve the life of the charging interface, and help reduce electricity
  • the polarization effect of the pool the improvement of the charging speed, the reduction of the heat of the battery, and the safety and reliability of the terminal charging.
  • the power adapter outputs the voltage of the pulsating waveform, it is not necessary to provide an electrolytic capacitor in the power adapter, which not only simplifies and miniaturizes the power adapter, but also greatly reduces the cost.
  • the control unit reduces the voltage trough duration of the third pulsation waveform by adjusting the duty ratio of the control signal, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the voltage peak and the voltage valley, thereby effectively Reducing the fluctuation of the battery voltage during pulse charging can facilitate the voltage peak of the battery collected by the battery voltage collecting unit, so that the power adapter can adjust the charging state according to the voltage peak value of the battery in time to ensure the safety and reliability of the system.
  • a power adapter includes: a first rectifying unit, wherein the first rectifying unit is configured to rectify an input alternating current to output a voltage of a first pulsating waveform; a unit, the switch unit is configured to modulate a voltage of the first pulsation waveform according to a control signal, and the transformer is configured to output a voltage of the second pulsation waveform according to the voltage of the modulated first pulsation waveform; a second rectifying unit, configured to rectify a voltage of the second pulsating waveform to output a voltage of a third pulsating waveform; a first charging interface, the first charging interface and the second rectifying Connected to the unit, the first charging interface is configured to load a voltage of the third pulsating waveform to the battery of the terminal through the second charging interface when connected to the second charging interface of the terminal, where a second charging interface is connected to the battery; a control unit, the control unit is
  • the voltage of the third pulsation waveform is output through the first charging interface, and the voltage of the third pulsation waveform is directly loaded to the battery of the terminal through the second charging interface of the terminal, so that the pulsating output can be realized.
  • the voltage/current directly charges the battery quickly.
  • the pulsating output voltage/current is periodically changed.
  • the lithium battery can be reduced in lithium deposition, the service life of the battery can be improved, and the contact of the charging interface can be reduced.
  • the probability and intensity of the arc improves the life of the charging interface, and helps to reduce the polarization effect of the battery, increase the charging speed, reduce the heat generation of the battery, and ensure the safety and reliability of the terminal when charging.
  • the control unit reduces the voltage valley duration of the third pulsation waveform by adjusting the duty ratio of the control signal, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the voltage peak and the voltage valley, thereby effectively reducing the pulse.
  • the fluctuation of the battery voltage during charging can facilitate the voltage peak of the battery collected by the battery voltage collecting unit, so that the power adapter can adjust the charging state according to the voltage peak value of the battery in time to ensure the safety and reliability of the system.
  • a charging method for a terminal includes the following steps: when the first charging interface of the power adapter is connected to the second charging interface of the terminal, The alternating current is rectified to output a voltage of the first pulsating waveform; the voltage of the first pulsating waveform is modulated by controlling the switching unit, and the voltage of the second pulsating waveform is output by transformation of the transformer; and the second pulsating The voltage of the waveform is subjected to secondary rectification to output a voltage of the third pulsation waveform, and the voltage of the third pulsation waveform is loaded to the battery of the terminal through the second charging interface; control of outputting to the switching unit
  • the duty ratio of the signal is adjusted such that the voltage of the third pulsation waveform satisfies the charging requirement, and is also adjusted during the charging of the battery by the voltage adapter outputting the voltage of the third pulsating waveform a duty cycle of the control signal to reduce a
  • a charging method for a terminal outputs a voltage of a third pulsation waveform that satisfies a charging demand by controlling a power adapter, and directly loads a voltage of a third pulsating waveform output by the power adapter to a battery of the terminal, thereby Achieving a pulsating output voltage/current directly charges the battery quickly.
  • the pulsating output voltage/current is periodically changed. Compared with the conventional constant voltage constant current, the lithium battery can be reduced in lithium deposition, the service life of the battery can be improved, and the contact of the charging interface can be reduced.
  • the probability and intensity of the arc improves the life of the charging interface, and helps to reduce the polarization effect of the battery, increase the charging speed, reduce the heat generation of the battery, and ensure the safety and reliability of the terminal when charging.
  • the power adapter outputs the voltage of the pulsating waveform, it is not necessary to provide an electrolytic capacitor in the power adapter, which not only simplifies and miniaturizes the power adapter, but also greatly reduces the cost.
  • the duty cycle of the control signal is adjusted to reduce the voltage valley duration of the third pulsation waveform, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the voltage peak and the voltage valley, thereby effectively reducing the pulse charging time.
  • the fluctuation of the battery voltage can facilitate the voltage peak of the battery collected by the battery voltage collecting unit, so that the power adapter can adjust the charging state according to the voltage peak value of the battery in time to ensure the safety and reliability of the system.
  • FIG. 1A is a block diagram showing a charging system for a terminal using a flyback switching power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1B is a block diagram showing a charging system for a terminal using a forward switching power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1C is a block diagram showing a charging system for a terminal using a push-pull switching power supply according to an embodiment of the invention
  • 1D is a block diagram showing a charging system for a terminal using a half bridge switching power supply according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 1E is a block diagram of a full bridge switching power supply for a charging system for a terminal in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. intention;
  • FIG. 2 is a block schematic diagram of a charging system for a terminal in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a waveform of a charging voltage outputted from a power adapter to a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a waveform of a charging current outputted from a power adapter to a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5A is a schematic diagram of a control signal outputted to a switch unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • 5B is a schematic diagram of a comparison of control signals by adjusting a duty cycle of a control signal to reduce a voltage valley duration of a third ripple waveform, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fast charging process according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7A is a block schematic diagram of a charging system for a terminal in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7B is a block diagram showing a power adapter with an LC filter circuit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a charging system for a terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a charging system for a terminal according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a charging system for a terminal according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing a sampling unit in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing a charging system for a terminal according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a terminal according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a charging method for a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the output voltage is basically constant, such as 5V, 9V, 12V or 20V.
  • the voltage output by the relevant adapter is not suitable for direct loading to both ends of the battery, but needs to be converted by a conversion circuit in the device to be charged (such as a terminal) to obtain the expected charging of the battery in the device to be charged (such as the terminal). Voltage and / or charging current.
  • a conversion circuit is used to transform the voltage output by the associated adapter to meet the expected charging voltage of the battery and/or The need for charging current.
  • the conversion circuit may refer to a charge management module, such as a charging IC in the terminal, for managing the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery during charging of the battery.
  • the conversion circuit has the function of a voltage feedback module and/or has the function of a current feedback module to enable management of the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
  • the charging process of the battery may include one or more of a trickle charging phase, a constant current charging phase, and a constant voltage charging phase.
  • the conversion circuit can utilize a current feedback loop such that the current entering the battery during the trickle charge phase meets the magnitude of the charge current expected by the battery (eg, the first charge current).
  • the conversion circuit can utilize the current feedback loop such that the current entering the battery during the constant current charging phase meets the expected charging current of the battery (eg, the second charging current, which can be greater than the first charging current) .
  • the conversion circuit can utilize a voltage feedback loop such that the voltage applied across the battery during the constant voltage charging phase meets the expected charging voltage of the battery.
  • the conversion circuit when the voltage output by the relevant adapter is greater than the charging voltage expected by the battery, the conversion circuit can be used to perform a step-down conversion process on the voltage of the relevant adapter output, so that the charging voltage obtained after the step-down conversion meets the expected battery The charging voltage is required.
  • the conversion circuit when the voltage output by the relevant adapter is less than the charging voltage expected by the battery, the conversion circuit can be used to perform a boost conversion process on the voltage output by the relevant adapter, so that the charging voltage obtained after the boost conversion meets the battery Expected charging voltage requirements.
  • the conversion circuit for example, Buck is stepped down.
  • the circuit can perform a step-down conversion process on the voltage output by the relevant adapter, so that the charging voltage obtained after the step-down meets the charging voltage demand expected by the battery.
  • a conversion circuit (such as a boost voltage boosting circuit) can perform a boost conversion process on the voltage output by the relevant adapter so that the charging voltage obtained after the boosting satisfies the charging voltage demand expected by the battery.
  • the conversion circuit is limited by the low conversion efficiency of the circuit, so that the unconverted part of the electric energy is dissipated as heat.
  • This part of the heat is concentrated inside the device to be charged (such as the terminal), and the design of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) is designed.
  • the space and heat dissipation space are very small (for example, the physical size of the mobile terminal used by the user is getting thinner and lighter, and a large number of electronic components are densely arranged in the mobile terminal to improve the performance of the mobile terminal), which not only improves the conversion circuit.
  • the difficulty of design also causes the heat that is focused on the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to be difficult to dissipate in time, which may cause abnormalities in the device to be charged (such as the terminal).
  • the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause thermal interference to the electronic components near the conversion circuit, causing abnormal operation of the electronic components; and/or, for example, the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may be Shorten Transforming the life of the circuit and nearby electronic components; and/or, for example, the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause thermal interference to the battery, thereby causing abnormal battery charging and discharging; and/or, for example, converting heat accumulated on the circuit , may cause the temperature of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) to rise, affecting the user's experience in charging; and/or, for example, the heat accumulated on the conversion circuit may cause a short circuit of the conversion circuit itself, so that the relevant adapter
  • the output voltage is directly loaded on both ends of the battery, causing abnormal charging. When the battery is under overvoltage for a long time, it may even cause the battery to explode, which has certain safety hazards.
  • the power adapter provided by the embodiment of the present invention can obtain status information of the battery, and the status information of the battery includes at least the current power information and/or voltage information of the battery, and the power adapter adjusts the power adapter according to the acquired status information of the battery.
  • the output voltage is used to meet the expected charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
  • the output voltage of the power adapter can be directly loaded to the battery to charge the battery.
  • the power adapter outputs the voltage of the pulsating waveform.
  • the power adapter has the function of a voltage feedback module and the function of a current feedback module to manage the charging voltage and/or charging current of the battery.
  • the power adapter adjusts its own output voltage according to the obtained state information of the battery.
  • the power adapter can obtain the state information of the battery in real time, and adjust the power adapter according to the real-time status information of the obtained battery each time.
  • the power adapter adjusts its own output voltage according to the status information of the battery obtained in real time. It may mean that the power adapter can obtain the current state information of the battery at different times during the charging process as the charging voltage of the battery increases during the charging process. And according to the current state information of the battery, the output voltage of the power adapter itself is adjusted in real time to meet the demand of the charging voltage and/or charging current expected by the battery, and the output voltage of the power adapter can be directly loaded to the battery to charge the battery. .
  • the charging process of the battery may include one or more of a trickle charging phase, a constant current charging phase, and a constant voltage charging phase.
  • the power adapter can output a first charging current to charge the battery during the trickle charging phase to meet the desired charging current of the battery (the first charging current can be the current of the pulsating waveform).
  • the power adapter can utilize a current feedback loop such that the current output from the power adapter during the constant current charging phase and the current entering the battery meets the demand for the charging current expected by the battery (eg, the second charging current, also the pulsating waveform) Current, the second charging current may be greater than the first charging current, and may be that the current peak of the pulsating waveform in the constant current charging phase is greater than the current peak of the pulsating waveform in the trickle charging phase, and the constant current in the constant current charging phase may refer to The current peak or average value of the pulsating waveform remains substantially unchanged).
  • the second charging current may be greater than the first charging current, and may be that the current peak of the pulsating waveform in the constant current charging phase is greater than the current peak of the pulsating waveform in the trickle charging phase
  • the constant current in the constant current charging phase may refer to The current peak or average value of the pulsating waveform remains substantially unchanged).
  • the power adapter can utilize a voltage feedback loop to keep the voltage output by the power adapter to the device to be charged (eg, the terminal) during the constant voltage charging phase (ie, the voltage of the pulsating waveform) constant.
  • the power adapter mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention can be mainly used to control a device to be charged (such as a terminal).
  • the constant current charging phase of the internal battery In other embodiments, the control function of the trickle charging phase and the constant voltage charging phase of the battery in the device to be charged (such as the terminal) may also be additional in the power adapter and the device to be charged (such as the terminal) mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the charging chip is cooperatively completed; compared with the constant current charging phase, the charging power received by the battery in the trickle charging phase and the constant voltage charging phase is small, and the efficiency conversion loss and heat accumulation of the internal charging chip of the device to be charged (such as the terminal) are acceptable.
  • the constant current charging phase or the constant current phase mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention may refer to a charging mode that controls the output current of the power adapter, and does not require that the output current of the power adapter remain completely constant, for example, It can be that the current peak or average value of the pulsation waveform that is generally referred to as the power adapter output remains substantially the same, or remains constant for a period of time.
  • the power adapter is typically charged in a constant current charging phase using a piecewise constant current.
  • the multi-stage constant current charging may have N constant current stages (N is an integer not less than 2), and the segmented constant current charging starts the first stage charging with a predetermined charging current, the points
  • the N constant current phases of the segment constant current charging are sequentially performed from the first phase to the (N-1)th phase, and when the previous constant current phase in the constant current phase is transferred to the next constant current phase, the pulsating waveform is
  • the current peak or average value can be small; when the battery voltage reaches the charge termination voltage threshold, the previous constant current phase in the constant current phase will shift to the next constant current phase.
  • the current conversion process between two adjacent constant current phases may be gradual, or may be a stepped jump change.
  • terminal used in the embodiments of the present invention may include, but is not limited to, being configured to be connected via a wire line (such as via a public switched telephone network (PSTN), digital subscriber line (DSL). , digital cable, direct cable connection, and/or another data connection/network) and/or via (eg, for cellular networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), digital television networks such as DVB-H networks, satellite networks, AM- A device for receiving/transmitting a communication signal by a radio interface of an FM broadcast transmitter, and/or another communication terminal.
  • a wire line such as via a public switched telephone network (PSTN), digital subscriber line (DSL).
  • PSTN public switched telephone network
  • DSL digital subscriber line
  • digital cable direct cable connection, and/or another data connection/network
  • WLANs wireless local area networks
  • digital television networks such as DVB-H networks
  • satellite networks AM- A device for receiving/transmitting a communication signal by a radio interface of an FM broadcast transmitter, and/or another communication terminal.
  • a terminal configured to communicate through a wireless interface may be referred to as a "wireless communication terminal", a “wireless terminal”, and/or a “mobile terminal.”
  • mobile terminals include, but are not limited to, satellite or cellular telephones; personal communication system (PCS) terminals that can combine cellular radiotelephone with data processing, fax, and data communication capabilities; can include radiotelephone, pager, Internet/internet access , a web browser, a memo pad, a calendar, and/or a PDA of a global positioning system (GPS) receiver; and conventional laptop and/or palm-sized receivers or other electronic devices including radiotelephone transceivers.
  • PCS personal communication system
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the charging current when the voltage of the pulsation waveform outputted by the power adapter is directly loaded on the battery of the terminal to charge the battery, the charging current is characterized by a pulse wave such as a skull wave, which can be understood as charging.
  • the current charges the battery in an intermittent manner, the period of the charging current varies according to the frequency of the input alternating current, such as the alternating current grid, for example, the frequency corresponding to the period of the charging current is an integer multiple or a reciprocal of the grid frequency.
  • the current waveform corresponding to the charging current may be composed of one or a group of pulses synchronized with the power grid.
  • a charging system and a power adapter for a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • a charging method for the terminal is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • the charging system for a terminal proposed by the embodiment of the present invention includes a power adapter 1 and a terminal 2.
  • the power adapter 1 includes a first rectifying unit 101, a switching unit 102, a transformer 103, a second rectifying unit 104, a first charging interface 105, a sampling unit 106, and a control unit 107.
  • the first rectifying unit 101 rectifies the input alternating current (mains, for example, AC220V) to output a voltage of the first pulsation waveform, such as a head wave voltage, wherein, as shown in FIG. 1A, the first rectifying unit 101 may be composed of four diodes. Full bridge rectifier circuit.
  • the switch unit 102 is configured to modulate the voltage of the first pulsation waveform according to the control signal, wherein the switch unit 102 can be composed of a MOS transistor, and performs PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control on the MOS transistor to perform the threshold wave voltage. Chopping modulation.
  • the transformer 103 is configured to output a voltage of the second pulsation waveform according to the voltage of the modulated first pulsation waveform
  • the second rectifying unit 104 is configured to rectify the voltage of the second pulsation waveform to output a voltage of the third pulsation waveform.
  • the second rectifying unit 104 can be composed of a diode or a MOS tube, and can implement secondary synchronous rectification, so that the third pulsating waveform is synchronized with the modulated first pulsating waveform. It should be noted that the third pulsating waveform and the modulated The first pulsation waveform is kept synchronized, specifically, the phase of the third pulsation waveform is consistent with the phase of the modulated first pulsation waveform, and the amplitude of the third pulsation waveform and the amplitude of the modulated first pulsation waveform change trend. be consistent.
  • the first charging interface 105 is connected to the second rectifying unit 104.
  • the sampling unit 106 is configured to sample the voltage and/or current output by the second rectifying unit 104 to obtain a voltage sampling value and/or a current sampling value, and the control unit 107 respectively
  • the sampling unit 106 is connected to the switch unit 102, and the control unit 107 outputs a control signal to the switch unit 102, and adjusts the duty ratio of the control signal according to the voltage sample value and/or the current sample value, so that the second rectifier unit 104 outputs The voltage of the third pulsating waveform satisfies the charging demand.
  • the terminal 2 includes a second charging interface 201 and a battery 202.
  • the second charging interface 201 is connected to the battery 202.
  • the second charging interface 201 is connected to the first charging interface 105.
  • the voltage of the third pulsating waveform is loaded to the battery 202 to effect charging of the battery 202.
  • the terminal further includes a battery voltage collecting unit, and the battery voltage collecting unit is configured to collect the voltage of the battery.
  • the control unit 107 reduces the voltage valley duration of the third pulsation waveform by adjusting the duty ratio of the control signal, so that the battery voltage collecting unit collects The voltage peak of the battery.
  • the battery voltage collecting unit may include a fuel gauge, and the voltage of the battery is collected by the fuel gauge.
  • the control unit 107 controls by adjustment The duty ratio of the signal is used to reduce the voltage valley duration of the third pulsation waveform, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the voltage peak and the voltage valley, thereby effectively reducing the fluctuation of the battery voltage during pulse charging, so that the battery voltage collecting unit can collect the battery.
  • the voltage peak value ensures the safety and reliability of the system.
  • the control unit 107 can adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal by adjusting the duty ratio of the control signal to reduce the voltage valley duration of the third ripple waveform.
  • the ratio is larger, so that the voltage valley duration of the third pulsation waveform can be reduced as much as possible, and the voltage difference between the voltage peak and the voltage valley can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the fluctuation of the battery voltage during pulse charging, which can be easily collected by the battery voltage collecting unit.
  • the voltage peak of the battery is adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal by adjusting the duty ratio of the control signal to reduce the voltage valley duration of the third ripple waveform.
  • the ratio is larger, so that the voltage valley duration of the third pulsation waveform can be reduced as much as possible, and the voltage difference between the voltage peak and the voltage valley can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the fluctuation of the battery voltage during pulse charging, which can be easily collected by the battery voltage collecting unit.
  • the voltage peak of the battery is
  • the power adapter 1 can employ a flyback switching power supply.
  • the transformer 103 includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, one end of the primary winding is connected to the first output end of the first rectifying unit 101, the second output end of the first rectifying unit 101 is grounded, and the other end of the primary winding is connected to the switch
  • the unit 102 is connected (for example, the switch unit 102 is a MOS tube, where the other end of the primary winding is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor), and the transformer 103 is configured to output a second voltage according to the modulated first pulsation waveform. The voltage of the pulsating waveform.
  • the transformer 103 is a high-frequency transformer, and its operating frequency can be 50KHz-2MHz.
  • the high-frequency transformer couples the voltage of the modulated first pulsation waveform to the secondary and outputs it by the secondary winding.
  • a high-frequency transformer can be used, and a high-frequency transformer can be used as compared with a low-frequency transformer (a low-frequency transformer is also called a power frequency transformer, and is mainly used to refer to a frequency of a commercial power, for example, an alternating current of 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
  • the small size makes it possible to miniaturize the power adapter 1.
  • the power adapter 1 described above may also employ a forward switching power supply.
  • the transformer 103 includes a first winding, a second winding, and a third winding, and the same end of the first winding is connected to the second output end of the first rectifying unit 101 through a reverse diode, the different end of the first winding After being connected to the same end of the second winding, it is connected to the first output end of the first rectifying unit 101, the different end of the second winding is connected to the switching unit 102, and the third winding is connected to the second rectifying unit 104.
  • the reverse diode acts as a reverse clipping, and the induced electromotive force generated by the first winding can limit the back electromotive force through the reverse diode, and return the limiting energy to the output of the first rectifying unit, for the first rectifying unit
  • the output is charged, and the magnetic field generated by the current flowing through the first winding demagnetizes the core of the transformer, returning the magnetic field strength in the transformer core to its original state.
  • the transformer 103 is configured to output a voltage of the second pulsation waveform according to the voltage of the modulated first pulsation waveform.
  • the power adapter 1 described above may also employ a push-pull switching power supply.
  • the transformer includes a first winding, a second winding, a third winding, and a fourth winding, and the same end of the first winding is connected to the switching unit, and the different end of the first winding Connecting the same end of the second winding to the first output end of the first rectifying unit, the different end of the second winding and the switch Connected to the element, the different end of the third winding is connected to the same end of the fourth winding, and the transformer is configured to output the voltage of the second pulsation waveform according to the voltage of the modulated first pulsation waveform.
  • the switching unit 102 includes a first MOS transistor Q1 and a second MOS transistor Q2.
  • the transformer 103 includes a first winding, a second winding, a third winding, and a fourth winding.
  • the same name and switching unit of the first winding The drain of the first MOS transistor Q1 in 102 is connected, the different end of the first winding is connected to the same end of the second winding, and the node between the different end of the first winding and the same end of the second winding A first output end of the rectifying unit 101 is connected, a different end of the second winding is connected to a drain of the second MOS transistor Q2 in the switching unit 102, a source of the first MOS transistor Q1 and a source of the second MOS transistor Q2 After the pole is connected, it is connected to the second output end of the first rectifying unit 101.
  • the same end of the third winding is connected to the first input end of the second rectifying unit 104, and the different end of the third winding is connected to the same end of the fourth winding. And the node between the different end of the third winding and the end of the fourth winding is grounded, and the different end of the fourth winding is connected to the second input of the second rectifying unit 104.
  • the first input end of the second rectifying unit 104 is connected to the same end of the third winding
  • the second input end of the second rectifying unit 104 is connected to the different end of the fourth winding
  • the second rectifying unit 104 And a voltage for rectifying the voltage of the second pulsation waveform to output a third pulsation waveform.
  • the second rectifying unit 104 may include two diodes, the anode of one diode being connected to the same end of the third winding, the anode of the other diode being connected to the opposite end of the fourth winding, and the cathodes of the two diodes being connected together.
  • the power adapter 1 described above may also employ a half bridge switching power supply.
  • the switch unit 102 includes a first MOS transistor Q1, a second MOS transistor Q2, and a first capacitor C1 and a second capacitor C2.
  • the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to the output of the first rectifying unit 101.
  • the first MOS transistor Q1 and the second MOS transistor Q2 are connected in series and then connected in parallel at the output end of the first rectifying unit 101.
  • the transformer 103 includes a first winding, a second winding, and a third winding. The same name of the first winding is connected in series.
  • a node between the first capacitor C1 and the second capacitor C2 is connected, and the different name end of the first winding is connected to a node between the first MOS transistor Q1 and the second MOS transistor Q2 connected in series, and the same name and the second end of the second winding
  • the first input end of the second rectifying unit 104 is connected, the different end of the second winding is connected to the same end of the third winding and grounded, and the different end of the third winding is connected to the second input end of the second rectifying unit 104.
  • the transformer 103 is configured to output a voltage of the second pulsation waveform according to the voltage of the modulated first pulsation waveform.
  • the power adapter 1 described above may also employ a full bridge switching power supply.
  • the switch unit 102 includes a first MOS transistor Q1, a second MOS transistor Q2, a third MOS transistor Q3, and a fourth MOS transistor Q4.
  • the third MOS transistor Q3 is connected in series with the fourth MOS transistor Q4 and then connected in parallel to the first rectification.
  • the output end of the unit 101, the first MOS transistor Q1 and the second MOS transistor Q2 are connected in series and then connected in parallel at the output end of the first rectifying unit 101.
  • the transformer 103 includes a first winding, a second winding, and a third winding, and the first winding has the same name.
  • the terminal is connected to the node between the third MOS transistor Q3 and the fourth MOS transistor Q4, and the different ends of the first winding are connected in series a node between the first MOS transistor Q1 and the second MOS transistor Q2 is connected, and the same name end of the second winding is connected to the first input end of the second rectifying unit 104, and the different name of the second winding and the third winding have the same name
  • the grounding is performed, and the different end of the third winding is connected to the second input end of the second rectifying unit 104.
  • the transformer 103 is configured to output a voltage of the second pulsation waveform according to the voltage of the modulated first pulsation waveform.
  • the power adapter 1 can adopt any one of a flyback switching power supply, a forward switching power supply, a push-pull switching power supply, a half bridge switching power supply, and a full bridge switching power supply. To output the voltage of the pulsating waveform.
  • the second rectifying unit 104 is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer 103, and the second rectifying unit 104 is configured to rectify the voltage of the second pulsating waveform to output the voltage of the third pulsating waveform.
  • the second rectifying unit 104 can be formed by a diode to implement secondary synchronous rectification, so that the third pulsating waveform is synchronized with the modulated first pulsating waveform. It should be noted that the third pulsating waveform and the modulated first pulsating waveform are required.
  • the synchronization is maintained, specifically, the phase of the third pulsation waveform is consistent with the phase of the modulated first pulsation waveform, and the amplitude of the third pulsation waveform is consistent with the amplitude variation trend of the modulated first pulsation waveform.
  • the first charging interface 105 is connected to the second rectifying unit 104.
  • the sampling unit 106 is configured to sample the voltage and/or current output by the second rectifying unit 104 to obtain a voltage sampling value and/or a current sampling value, and the control unit 107 respectively
  • the sampling unit 106 is connected to the switch unit 102, and the control unit 107 outputs a control signal to the switch unit 102, and adjusts the duty ratio of the control signal according to the voltage sample value and/or the current sample value, so that the second rectifier unit 104 outputs The voltage of the third pulsating waveform satisfies the charging demand.
  • the terminal 2 includes a second charging interface 201 and a battery 202.
  • the second charging interface 201 is connected to the battery 202.
  • the second charging interface 201 is connected to the first charging interface 105.
  • the voltage of the third pulsating waveform is loaded to the battery 202 to effect charging of the battery 202.
  • the control unit 107 adjusts the duty ratio of the control signal, such as the PWM signal, according to the voltage and/or current output by the sampled power adapter, and adjusts the output of the second rectifying unit 104 in real time to implement closed loop adjustment control, thereby
  • the voltage of the third pulsation waveform satisfies the charging requirement of the terminal 2, and ensures that the battery 202 is safely and reliably charged.
  • the charging voltage waveform outputted to the battery 202 is adjusted by the duty ratio of the PWM signal as shown in FIG. 3, and the PWM signal is used.
  • the duty cycle to adjust the charging current waveform output to the battery 202 is as shown in FIG.
  • the adjustment command can be generated according to the voltage sampling value, the current sampling value, or the voltage sampling value and the current sampling value.
  • the voltage of the first pulsation waveform after rectification is directly modulated by PWM chopping, and sent to the high frequency transformer through the high frequency transformer.
  • the stage is coupled to the secondary, and then synchronously rectified to reduce the voltage/current of the head wave and directly delivered to the battery to achieve rapid charging of the battery.
  • the voltage amplitude of the skull wave can be adjusted by the duty cycle of the PWM signal, so that the output of the power adapter can meet the charging requirement of the battery. It can be seen that the power adapter of the embodiment of the invention cancels the primary and secondary electrolytic capacitors, and directly charges the battery by the skull wave voltage, thereby reducing the volume of the power adapter, miniaturizing the power adapter, and greatly reducing cost.
  • control unit 107 may be an MCU (Micro Controller Unit), that is, may be integrated with a switch drive control function, a synchronous rectification function, and a voltage current adjustment control function. Device.
  • MCU Micro Controller Unit
  • control unit 107 is further configured to adjust the frequency of the control signal according to the voltage sampling value and/or the current sampling value, that is, the PWM signal outputted to the switching unit 102 can be controlled to continue to output for a period of time before stopping. Output, after the predetermined time is stopped, the output of the PWM signal is turned on again, so that the voltage applied to the battery is intermittent, and the battery is intermittently charged, thereby avoiding the safety hazard caused by the serious heat generation when the battery is continuously charged, and improving the battery charging. Reliability and security.
  • the degree of polarization is easily aggravated during the charging process, and the continuous charging method makes the polarization performance more obvious. It also increases the possibility of lithium formation, which affects the safety performance of the battery.
  • the continuous charging causes the accumulation of heat due to charging, which causes the internal temperature of the battery to continuously rise. When the temperature exceeds a certain limit, the performance of the battery is limited, and the safety hazard is increased.
  • the intermittent output of the power adapter is equivalent to introducing a battery rest process in the process of charging the battery, which can alleviate the possibility of polarization caused by continuous charging.
  • the phenomenon of lithium is precipitated, and the effect of the continuous accumulation of heat generation is weakened, the effect of cooling is achieved, and the battery charging is reliable and safe.
  • the control signal outputted to the switch unit 102 may be as shown in FIG. 5A, and the PWM signal is outputted for a period of time, then the output is stopped for a period of time, and then the PWM signal is output for a period of time, so that the control signal output to the switch unit 102 is separated.
  • the frequency is adjustable.
  • control unit 107 is connected to the first charging interface 105.
  • the control unit 107 is further configured to communicate with the terminal 2 through the first charging interface 105 to obtain status information of the terminal 2.
  • control unit 107 is further configured to adjust the duty ratio of the control signal, such as the PWM signal, according to the state information of the terminal, the voltage sample value, and/or the current sample value.
  • the status information of the terminal may include a quantity of the battery, a temperature of the battery, a voltage of the battery, interface information of the terminal, information of a path impedance of the terminal, and the like.
  • the first charging interface 105 includes: a power line and a data line, and the power line is used to charge the battery, and the data The line is used to communicate with the terminal.
  • the power adapter 1 and the terminal 2 can mutually transmit a communication inquiry command, and after receiving the corresponding response command, the power adapter 1 establishes communication with the terminal 2.
  • the control unit 107 can acquire status information of the terminal 2, thereby negotiating the charging mode and charging parameters (such as charging current, charging voltage) with the terminal 2, and controlling the charging process.
  • the charging mode supported by the power adapter and/or the terminal may include a second charging mode and a first charging mode.
  • the charging speed of the first charging mode is greater than the charging speed of the second charging mode (eg, the charging current of the first charging mode is greater than the charging current of the second charging mode).
  • the second charging mode can be understood as a charging mode with a rated output voltage of 5V and a rated output current of 2.5A or less.
  • D+ and D- in the data line of the power adapter output port can be Short circuit.
  • the first charging mode in the embodiment of the present invention is different.
  • the power adapter can communicate with the terminal by using D+ and D- in the data line to implement data exchange, that is, the power adapter and the terminal.
  • the fast charging command can be sent to each other: the power adapter sends a fast charging inquiry command to the terminal, and after receiving the fast charging response command of the terminal, according to the response command of the terminal, the power adapter acquires the state information of the terminal, and turns on the first charging mode.
  • the charging current in the first charging mode can be greater than 2.5 A, for example, can reach 4.5 A or even greater.
  • the second charging mode is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the charging speed (or current) of one charging mode is greater than the charging speed of the other charging mode, the charging speed is slow.
  • the charging mode can be understood as the second charging mode.
  • the charging power in the first charging mode may be greater than or equal to 15 W with respect to the charging power.
  • control unit 107 communicates with the terminal 2 through the first charging interface 105 to determine a charging mode, wherein the charging mode includes a first charging mode and a second charging mode.
  • the power adapter and the terminal are connected through a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface
  • the USB interface may be a normal USB interface, a micro USB interface, or other types of USB interfaces.
  • the data line in the USB interface that is, the data line in the first charging interface, is used for two-way communication between the power adapter and the terminal, and the data line may be a D+ line and/or a D- line in the USB interface, so-called two-way communication. It can refer to the interaction between the power adapter and the terminal.
  • the power adapter performs two-way communication with the terminal through a data line in the USB interface to determine to charge the terminal using the first charging mode.
  • the power adapter may only remain connected to the terminal, and may not be charged, or may use the second charging mode to charge the terminal. It is also possible to charge the terminal with a small current, which is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power adapter adjusts a charging current to a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode to charge the terminal. After the power adapter determines that the terminal is charged in the first charging mode, the charging current can be directly adjusted.
  • the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode may be negotiated with the terminal for the charging current of the first charging mode. For example, the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode is determined according to the current power of the battery in the terminal.
  • the power adapter does not blindly increase the output current for fast charging, but needs to perform two-way communication with the terminal to negotiate whether the first charging mode can be adopted, and the fast charging process is improved compared with the prior art. Security.
  • control unit 107 performs bidirectional communication with the terminal through a data line in the first charging interface to determine that the control unit is used to charge the terminal by using the first charging mode.
  • Sending a first instruction to the terminal the first instruction is used to query whether the terminal starts the first charging mode; the control unit receives a reply instruction of the first instruction from the terminal, where the An instruction reply command is used to instruct the terminal to agree to turn on the first charging mode.
  • the control unit before the control unit sends the first instruction to the terminal, the power adapter and the terminal are charged by the second charging mode, and in the control After the unit determines that the charging duration of the second charging mode is greater than a preset threshold, the unit sends the first instruction to the terminal.
  • the power adapter may consider that the terminal has identified itself as a power adapter, and may open the fast charging inquiry communication.
  • the first instruction is sent to the terminal.
  • control unit is further configured to: by controlling the switch unit to control the power adapter to adjust a charging current to a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode, and in the power adapter Before the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode is used to charge the terminal, the control unit performs bidirectional communication with the terminal through a data line in the first charging interface to determine that the first charging mode corresponds to And charging the power adapter to adjust the charging voltage to a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode.
  • the control unit performs bidirectional communication with the terminal through a data line in the first charging interface to determine a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode, where the control unit Sending, to the terminal, a second instruction, the second instruction is configured to query whether a current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable as a charging voltage of the first charging mode; and the control unit receives the a reply instruction of the second instruction, the reply instruction of the second instruction is used to indicate that the current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable, high or low; and the control unit determines the location according to the reply instruction of the second instruction The charging voltage of the first charging mode is described.
  • control unit further passes the data line in the first charging interface before controlling the power adapter to adjust the charging current to the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode.
  • the terminal performs two-way communication to determine a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode.
  • the control unit passes the data line and the end in the first charging interface.
  • the control unit sends a third instruction to the terminal, where the third instruction is used to query the maximum charging current currently supported by the terminal;
  • the control unit receives a reply instruction of the third instruction sent by the terminal, where the reply instruction of the third instruction is used to indicate a maximum charging current currently supported by the terminal; and the control unit is configured according to the third instruction And a reply command determining the charging current of the first charging mode.
  • the power adapter may directly determine the above maximum charging current as the charging current of the first charging mode, or set the charging current to be less than a certain current value of the maximum charging current.
  • control unit in the process that the power adapter uses the first charging mode to charge the terminal, the control unit further passes the data line in the first charging interface with the terminal. Two-way communication is performed to continuously adjust the charging current of the power adapter output to the battery by controlling the switching unit.
  • the power adapter can continuously query the current status information of the terminal, such as the battery voltage of the terminal, the battery power, etc., so as to continuously adjust the charging current of the power adapter output to the battery.
  • the control unit performs bidirectional communication with the terminal through a data line in the first charging interface to continuously adjust charging of the power adapter output to the battery by controlling the switch unit.
  • the control unit sends a fourth instruction to the terminal, the fourth instruction is used to query a current voltage of a battery in the terminal; and the control unit receives the fourth instruction sent by the terminal
  • the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is used to indicate a current voltage of a battery in the terminal; the control unit adjusts the power adapter output to the switch unit according to a current voltage of the battery The charging current of the battery.
  • control unit outputs the power adapter by controlling the switch unit according to a current voltage of the battery and a corresponding relationship between a preset battery voltage value and a charging current value.
  • the charging current of the battery is adjusted to a charging current value corresponding to the current voltage of the battery.
  • the power adapter may pre-store the correspondence between the battery voltage value and the charging current value, and the power adapter may also perform bidirectional communication with the terminal through the data line in the first charging interface, and obtain the stored in the terminal from the terminal side. Correspondence between the battery voltage value and the charging current value.
  • the control unit further passes the data line in the first charging interface with the terminal. Performing two-way communication to determine whether the first charging interface and the second charging interface are in poor contact, wherein when it is determined that the first charging interface is in poor contact with the second charging interface, The control unit controls the power adapter to exit the first charging mode.
  • the control unit before determining whether the first charging interface and the second charging interface are in poor contact, is further configured to receive, from the terminal, an indication for the terminal. Information of the path impedance, wherein the control unit sends a fourth command to the terminal, the fourth command being used to query a battery in the terminal.
  • the control unit receives a reply command of the fourth command sent by the terminal, and the reply command of the fourth command is used to indicate a voltage of a battery in the terminal;
  • the control unit is configured according to the power source Determining a path impedance of the power adapter to the battery by an output voltage of the adapter and a voltage of the battery; the control unit is based on a path impedance of the power adapter to the battery, a path impedance of the terminal, and Determining whether the contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface is poor due to the path impedance of the charging line between the power adapter and the terminal.
  • the terminal can record its path impedance in advance.
  • the terminal of the same model has the same structure, and the path impedance of the terminal is set to the same value at the factory setting.
  • the power adapter can pre-record the path impedance of the charging line.
  • the path impedance of the entire path can be determined according to the voltage drop across the power adapter to the battery and the current of the path.
  • the contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface may be considered to be poor.
  • control unit before the power adapter exits the first charging mode, the control unit further sends a fifth instruction to the terminal, where the fifth instruction is used to indicate the first charging Poor contact between the interface and the second charging interface.
  • the power adapter After the power adapter sends the fifth command, it can exit the first charging mode or reset.
  • the terminal 2 further includes a charging control switch 203 and a controller 204.
  • the charging control switch 203 for example, a switching circuit composed of an electronic switching device, is connected to the second charging interface 201 and the battery 202.
  • the charging control switch 203 is used to turn off or turn on the charging process of the battery 202. This also controls the charging process of the battery 202 from the terminal side to ensure the battery 202 is safely and reliably charged.
  • the terminal 2 further includes a communication unit 205 for establishing two-way communication between the controller 204 and the control unit 107 through the second charging interface 201 and the first charging interface 105. That is, the terminal 2 and the power adapter 1 can perform two-way communication through a data line in the USB interface, the terminal 2 supports a second charging mode and a first charging mode, wherein the charging current of the first charging mode is greater than the second charging Mode charging current, the communication unit 205 performs bidirectional communication with the control unit 107 to cause the power adapter 1 to determine to charge the terminal 2 using the first charging mode, so that the control unit 107 controls the The power adapter 1 outputs according to the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode, and charges the battery 202 in the terminal 2.
  • the power adapter 1 does not blindly increase the output current for fast charging, but needs to perform two-way communication with the terminal 2 to negotiate whether the first charging mode can be adopted, and the fast charging is improved compared with the prior art. Process security.
  • the controller receives, by using a communication unit, a first instruction sent by the control unit, where the first instruction is used to query whether the terminal starts the first charging mode; And sending, by the communication unit, the reply instruction of the first instruction to the control unit, where the reply instruction of the first instruction is used to indicate that the terminal agrees to enable the first charging mode.
  • the power adapter charges the battery in the terminal by using the second charging mode.
  • the control unit sends the first instruction to a communication unit in the terminal, and the controller receives the sending by the control unit by using the communication unit The first instruction.
  • the power adapter is output according to a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode, and the controller performs communication with the control unit by using a communication unit before charging the battery in the terminal. Two-way communication, such that the power adapter determines a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode.
  • the controller receives a second instruction sent by the control unit, where the second instruction is used to query whether a current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable as the first charging mode. a charging voltage; the controller sends a reply instruction of the second instruction to the control unit, and the reply instruction of the second instruction is used to indicate that the current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable, high or low.
  • the controller performs bidirectional communication with the control unit, so that the power adapter determines a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode.
  • the controller receives a third instruction sent by the control unit, the third instruction is used to query a maximum charging current currently supported by the terminal; the controller sends the third instruction to the control unit
  • the reply instruction of the third instruction is used to indicate a maximum charging current currently supported by the battery in the terminal, so that the power adapter determines a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode according to the maximum charging current. .
  • the controller performs bidirectional communication with the control unit, so that the power adapter continuously Adjust the charging current of the power adapter output to the battery.
  • the controller receives a fourth instruction sent by the control unit, the fourth instruction is used to query a current voltage of a battery in the terminal; the controller sends the fourth instruction to the control unit
  • the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is used to indicate a current voltage of the battery in the terminal, so that the power adapter continuously adjusts the charging current of the power adapter output to the battery according to the current voltage of the battery.
  • the power adapter uses the first charging mode to charge the terminal
  • the controller performs two-way communication with the control unit through the communication unit, so that the power adapter determines whether the first charging interface and the second charging interface are in poor contact.
  • the controller receives a fourth instruction sent by the control unit, the fourth instruction is used to query a current voltage of a battery in the terminal; the controller sends the fourth instruction to the control unit Responding instruction, the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is used to indicate a current voltage of a battery in the terminal, so that the control unit determines the first according to an output voltage of the power adapter and a current voltage of the battery Whether the contact between the charging interface and the second charging interface is poor.
  • the controller receives a fifth instruction sent by the control unit, where the fifth instruction is used to indicate a poor contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface.
  • the power adapter can perform a fast charging communication process with the terminal, and realize fast charging of the battery after one or more handshakes.
  • the fast charging communication flow of the embodiment of the present invention and the various stages included in the fast charging process will be described in detail below with reference to FIG. It should be understood that the communication steps or operations illustrated in FIG. 6 are merely examples, and that other operations of the present invention or variations of the various operations in FIG. 6 may be performed. Moreover, the various stages in FIG. 6 may be performed in a different order than that presented in FIG. 6, and it is also possible that not all operations in FIG. 6 are to be performed. It should be noted that the curve in FIG. 6 is a trend of the peak value or the average value of the charging current, and is not the actual charging current curve.
  • the fast charge process can consist of five phases:
  • the terminal can detect the type of the power supply device through the data lines D+, D-, and when detecting that the power supply device is the power adapter, the current absorbed by the terminal can be greater than a preset current threshold I2 (for example Can be 1A).
  • I2 for example Can be 1A
  • the power adapter considers that the terminal has completed the type identification of the power supply device, and the power adapter turns on the adapter and the terminal.
  • the power adapter sends an instruction 1 (corresponding to the first instruction described above) to inquire whether the terminal turns on the first charging mode (or referred to as flash charging).
  • the output current of the power adapter is detected again, when the output current of the power adapter is within a preset continuous time (for example, it may be continuous T1 time)
  • a preset continuous time for example, it may be continuous T1 time
  • the request is again initiated to ask the terminal whether to enable the first charging mode, and the above steps of phase 1 are repeated until the terminal replies to agree to turn on the first charging mode, or the output current of the power adapter no longer satisfies greater than or equal to I2.
  • the fast charging process is started, and the fast charging communication process enters the second stage.
  • the head wave voltage output by the power adapter may include a plurality of gear positions, and the power adapter sends an instruction 2 (corresponding to the second command) to the terminal to inquire whether the output voltage of the terminal power adapter matches the current voltage of the battery (or is suitable, that is, whether it is suitable as The charging voltage in the first charging mode), that is, whether the charging requirement is satisfied.
  • the terminal replies that the output voltage of the power adapter is high or low or matches. If the power adapter receives feedback from the terminal about the adapter's output voltage being high or low, the control unit adjusts the duty cycle of the PWM signal to the power adapter. The output voltage is adjusted to one grid position, and the command 2 is sent to the terminal again to re-inquire whether the output voltage of the terminal power adapter matches.
  • the power adapter After the power adapter receives the feedback that the terminal responds to the output voltage matching of the power adapter, the power adapter sends an instruction 3 (corresponding to the third instruction described above) to the terminal to query the maximum charging current currently supported by the terminal, and the terminal replies to the current supported by the power adapter.
  • the maximum charging current value and enter the fourth stage.
  • the power adapter After the power adapter receives the feedback of the currently supported maximum charging current value replied by the terminal, the power adapter can set its output current reference value, and the control unit 107 adjusts the duty ratio of the PWM signal according to the current reference value, so that the output current of the power adapter satisfies
  • the terminal charging current demand that is, enters the constant current phase, where the constant current phase means that the peak or average value of the output current of the power adapter remains substantially the same (that is, the peak value of the output current or the average value varies little, such as at the output.
  • the peak value of the current or the range of 5% of the average value that is, the current peak value of the third pulsation waveform is kept constant every cycle.
  • the power adapter When entering the constant current change phase, the power adapter sends an instruction 4 (corresponding to the fourth instruction described above) at intervals, inquiring about the current voltage of the terminal battery, and the terminal can feed back the current voltage of the terminal battery to the power adapter, and the power adapter can be based on the terminal. Regarding the feedback of the current voltage of the terminal battery, it is determined whether the USB contact, that is, the contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface is good, and whether the current charging current value of the terminal needs to be lowered. When the power adapter determines that the USB contact is bad, the command 5 (corresponding to the fifth command described above) is sent, and then reset to re-enter phase 1.
  • the command 5 (corresponding to the fifth command described above) is sent, and then reset to re-enter phase 1.
  • the data corresponding to the path impedance of the terminal may be attached to the data corresponding to the instruction 1, and the terminal path impedance data may be used in the stage. 5 Determine if the USB contact is good.
  • the time from the terminal agreeing to activate the first charging mode to the time when the power adapter adjusts the voltage to a suitable value may be controlled within a range that is outside the predetermined range.
  • the terminal can determine that the request is abnormal and perform a quick reset.
  • the terminal in phase 2, can make a power supply to the power adapter when the output voltage of the power adapter is adjusted to be higher than ⁇ V ( ⁇ V is about 200-500 mV) compared to the current battery voltage.
  • the adapter's output voltage is appropriate/matched for feedback.
  • the control unit 107 adjusts the duty ratio of the PWM signal according to the voltage sampling value, thereby The output voltage is adjusted.
  • the speed adjustment speed of the output current value of the power adapter can be controlled within a certain range, so that the fast charge abnormal interruption due to the excessive adjustment speed can be avoided.
  • the magnitude of the change in the magnitude of the output current value of the power adapter may be controlled within 5%, that is, may be regarded as a constant current phase.
  • the power adapter monitors the charging loop impedance in real time, ie, by measuring the output voltage of the power adapter, the current charging current, and the read terminal battery voltage, monitoring the entire charging loop impedance.
  • the charging loop impedance > terminal path impedance + fast charge data line impedance is measured, it can be considered that the USB contact is poor and the fast charge reset is performed.
  • the communication time interval between the power adapter and the terminal can be controlled within a certain range to avoid a fast charge reset.
  • the stop of the first charging mode can be divided into two types: a recoverable stop and an unrecoverable stop:
  • the fast charge stops and resets, and enters the stage 1, the terminal does not agree to turn on the first charging mode, and the fast charging communication process does not enter the stage 2, and the fast charging process at this time can be stopped. Stop for an unrecoverable.
  • the fast charge stops and resets to enter phase 1. After the phase 1 requirement is met, the terminal agrees to turn on the first charging mode to resume the fast charging process, and then stops.
  • the fast charge process can be a recoverable stop.
  • the fast charge stops and resets to enter phase 1, and after entering phase 1, the terminal does not agree to turn on the first charging mode. Until the battery returns to normal and meets the requirements of Phase 1, the terminal agrees to turn on the fast charge to resume the fast charge process, and the fast charge process stopped at this time may be a recoverable stop.
  • the communication step or operation shown in FIG. 6 above is only an example.
  • the handshake communication between the terminal and the adapter may also be initiated by the terminal. That is, the terminal sends an instruction 1 to inquire whether the adapter turns on the first charging mode (or called flash charging).
  • the terminal receives the power adapter's reply command indicating that the power adapter agrees to turn on the first charging mode, the fast charging process is turned on.
  • a constant voltage charging phase may be further included, that is, in the phase 5, the terminal may feed back the current voltage of the terminal battery to the power adapter, and as the voltage of the terminal battery continues to rise, when the current voltage of the terminal battery reaches
  • the control unit 107 adjusts the duty ratio of the PWM signal according to the voltage reference value (ie, the constant voltage charging voltage threshold), so that the output voltage of the power adapter satisfies the terminal charging voltage requirement. That is, the voltage is kept constant at a constant value.
  • the constant voltage charging here means that the peak voltage of the third pulsation waveform is kept substantially constant.
  • obtaining the output voltage of the power adapter refers to acquiring the peak voltage or voltage average value of the third pulsation waveform, and obtaining the output current of the power adapter means acquiring the third pulsation.
  • the peak current or current average of the waveform is the peak current or current average of the waveform.
  • the power adapter 1 further includes: a controllable switch 108 and a filtering unit 109 connected in series, a controllable switch 108 connected in series, and a filtering unit 109 and a second rectifying unit 104.
  • An output terminal is connected, wherein the control unit 107 is further configured to control the controllable switch 108 to be closed when determining that the charging mode is the second charging mode, and to control the controllable switch 108 to be disconnected when determining that the charging mode is the first charging mode .
  • one or more sets of small capacitors are also connected in parallel at the output end of the second rectifying unit 104, which not only can reduce noise, but also reduce the occurrence of surge phenomenon.
  • an LC filter circuit or a ⁇ -type filter circuit may be connected to the output end of the second rectifying unit 104 to filter out ripple interference.
  • an LC filter circuit is connected to the output end of the second rectifying unit 104. It should be noted that the capacitors in the LC filter circuit or the ⁇ -type filter circuit are small capacitors and occupy a small space.
  • the filtering unit 109 includes a filtering capacitor, which can support a standard charging of 5V, that is, corresponding to the second charging mode, and the controllable switch 108 can be composed of a semiconductor switching device such as a MOS transistor.
  • the control unit 107 controls the controllable switch 108 to be closed, and the filtering unit 109 is connected to the circuit, so that the output of the second rectifying unit can be performed.
  • Filtering which is better compatible with DC charging technology, that is, DC power is applied to the battery of the terminal to realize DC charging of the battery.
  • the filter unit includes a parallel electrolytic capacitor and a common capacitor, that is, a small capacitor (such as a solid capacitor) that supports a 5V standard charge. Since the electrolytic capacitor occupies a relatively large volume, in order to reduce the size of the power adapter, the electrolytic capacitor in the power adapter can be removed, and a capacitor having a small capacitance value is reserved.
  • the branch of the small capacitor can be controlled to be turned on, the current is filtered, a small power stable output is realized, and the battery is DC-charged; when the first charging mode is used, the branch of the small capacitor can be controlled.
  • the output of the second rectifying unit 104 is not filtered, and the voltage/current of the pulsating waveform is directly output, and is applied to the battery to realize rapid charging of the battery.
  • the control unit 107 is further configured to: when determining that the charging mode is the first charging mode, acquire a charging current and/or a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode according to the state information of the terminal, and according to the first charging mode.
  • the corresponding charging current and/or charging voltage regulates the duty cycle of the control signal, such as the PWM signal. That is, When determining that the current charging mode is the first charging mode, the control unit 107 obtains the first information according to the acquired state information of the terminal, such as the voltage, the power, the temperature of the battery, the operating parameters of the terminal, and the power consumption information of the application running on the terminal.
  • a charging current corresponding to the charging current and/or a charging voltage and then adjusting the duty ratio of the control signal according to the obtained charging current and/or charging voltage, so that the output of the power adapter satisfies the charging requirement, and the battery is quickly charged.
  • the status information of the terminal includes the temperature of the battery. And, when the temperature of the battery is greater than the first preset temperature threshold or the temperature of the battery is less than the second preset temperature threshold, if the current charging mode is the first charging mode, the first charging mode is switched to the second charging mode, wherein The first preset temperature threshold is greater than the second preset temperature threshold. That is to say, when the temperature of the battery is too low (for example, corresponding to less than the second preset temperature threshold) or too high (for example, corresponding to greater than the first preset temperature threshold), it is not suitable for fast charging, so the first need to be The charging mode is switched to the second charging mode.
  • the first preset temperature threshold and the second preset temperature threshold may be set or written in a storage of a control unit (eg, a power adapter MCU) according to actual conditions.
  • control unit 107 is further configured to control the switch unit 102 to be turned off when the temperature of the battery is greater than a preset high temperature protection threshold, that is, when the temperature of the battery exceeds the high temperature protection threshold, the control unit 107 needs to adopt The high temperature protection strategy controls the switch unit 102 to be in an off state, so that the power adapter stops charging the battery, thereby achieving high temperature protection of the battery and improving the safety of charging.
  • the high temperature protection threshold may be different from the first temperature threshold or may be the same.
  • the high temperature protection threshold is greater than the first temperature threshold.
  • the controller is further configured to acquire a temperature of the battery, and when the temperature of the battery is greater than a preset high temperature protection threshold, control the charging control switch to be turned off, that is, The charging control switch is turned off by the terminal side, thereby turning off the charging process of the battery and ensuring charging safety.
  • control unit is further configured to acquire a temperature of the first charging interface, and control the switch when a temperature of the first charging interface is greater than a preset protection temperature.
  • the unit is turned off. That is, when the temperature of the charging interface exceeds a certain temperature, the control unit 107 also needs to perform a high temperature protection strategy, and the control switch unit 102 is disconnected, so that the power adapter stops charging the battery, realizes high temperature protection of the charging interface, and improves the safety of charging. .
  • the controller obtains the temperature of the first charging interface by performing bidirectional communication with the control unit, and the temperature of the first charging interface is greater than a preset
  • the charging control switch (refer to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14) is controlled to be turned off, that is, the charging control switch is turned off through the terminal side, and the charging process of the battery is turned off to ensure charging safety.
  • the power adapter 1 further includes a driving unit 110, such as a MOSFET driver, and the driving unit 110 is connected between the switching unit 102 and the control unit 107.
  • the driving unit 110 is used for The switching unit 102 is turned on or off in accordance with a control signal.
  • the driving unit 110 may also be integrated in the control unit 107.
  • the power adapter 1 further includes an isolation unit 111 connected between the driving unit 110 and the control unit 107 to implement signal isolation between the primary and secondary of the power adapter 1 (or the transformer 103). Signal isolation between the primary winding and the secondary winding).
  • the isolation unit 111 can be isolated by optocoupler or other isolation.
  • the control unit 107 can be disposed on the secondary side of the power adapter 1 (or the secondary winding side of the transformer 103) to facilitate communication with the terminal 2, making the space design of the power adapter 1 more Simple and easy.
  • control unit 107 and the driving unit 110 can be disposed on the primary side.
  • the isolation unit 111 can be disposed between the control unit 107 and the sampling unit 106 to implement the power adapter. Signal isolation between primary and secondary of 1.
  • the isolation unit 111 when the control unit 107 is disposed on the secondary side, the isolation unit 111 needs to be disposed, and the isolation unit 111 can also be integrated in the control unit 107. That is to say, when the primary to secondary signal is transmitted or the secondary is transmitted to the primary, it is usually necessary to provide an isolation unit for signal isolation.
  • the power adapter 1 further includes an auxiliary winding and a power supply unit 112.
  • the auxiliary winding generates a voltage of the fourth pulsation waveform according to the voltage of the modulated first pulsation waveform, and the power supply unit 112 Connected to the auxiliary winding, the power supply unit 112 (including, for example, a filter voltage stabilizing module, a voltage conversion module, etc.) is used to convert the voltage of the fourth pulsation waveform to output direct current, and supply power to the driving unit 110 and/or the control unit 107, respectively.
  • the power supply unit 112 may be composed of a filter small capacitor, a voltage regulator chip, etc., to process and convert the voltage of the fourth pulsation waveform, and output low voltage direct current such as 3.3V or 5V.
  • the power supply of the driving unit 110 can be obtained by the voltage conversion of the fourth pulsation waveform by the power supply unit 112.
  • the power supply thereof can also be the voltage of the fourth pulsation waveform by the power supply unit 112. Converted.
  • the power supply unit 112 provides two DC outputs to supply power to the driving unit 110 and the control unit 107, respectively, and light is disposed between the control unit 107 and the sampling unit 106.
  • the coupling isolation unit 111 implements signal isolation between the primary and secondary of the power adapter 1.
  • the power supply unit 112 supplies power to the control unit 107 alone.
  • the power supply unit 112 supplies power to the driving unit 110 alone, and the power supply of the control unit 107 is provided by the secondary, for example, through a power supply unit to output the second rectifying unit 104.
  • the voltage of the third pulsation waveform is converted into a direct current power source to be supplied to the control unit 107.
  • the output end of the first rectifying unit 101 is further connected with a plurality of small capacitors in parallel to perform filtering.
  • an LC filter circuit is connected to the output of the first rectifying unit 101.
  • the power adapter 1 further includes a first voltage detecting unit. 113.
  • the first voltage detecting unit 113 is respectively connected to the auxiliary winding and the control unit 107.
  • the first voltage detecting unit 113 is configured to detect a voltage of the fourth pulsation waveform to generate a voltage detection value, wherein the control unit 107 is further configured to detect the voltage according to the voltage. The value adjusts the duty cycle of the control signal.
  • control unit 107 can reflect the voltage output by the second rectifying unit 104 according to the voltage of the auxiliary winding output detected by the first voltage detecting unit 113, and then adjust the duty ratio of the control signal according to the voltage detection value, so that The output of the second rectifying unit 104 matches the charging demand of the battery.
  • the sampling unit 106 includes a first current sampling circuit 1061 and a first voltage sampling circuit 1062.
  • the first current sampling circuit 1061 is configured to sample the current output by the second rectifying unit 104 to obtain a current sampling value
  • the first voltage sampling circuit 1062 is configured to sample the voltage output by the second rectifying unit 104 to obtain a voltage sampling. value.
  • the first current sampling circuit 1061 may sample the current output by the second rectifying unit 104 by sampling a voltage connected to a resistor (current-sense resistor) of the first output terminal of the second rectifying unit 104.
  • the first voltage sampling circuit 1062 can sample the voltage output by the second rectifying unit 104 by sampling the voltage between the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the second rectifying unit 104.
  • the first voltage sampling circuit 1062 includes a peak voltage sample-and-hold unit, a zero-crossing sampling unit, a bleeder unit, and an AD sampling unit.
  • the peak voltage sample-and-hold unit is configured to sample and hold the peak voltage of the voltage of the third pulsation waveform
  • the zero-cross sampling unit is configured to sample the zero-crossing point of the voltage of the third pulsation waveform
  • the bleeder unit is used at the zero-crossing point
  • the peak voltage sample-and-hold unit is bleed
  • the AD sampling unit is configured to sample the peak voltage in the peak voltage sample-and-hold unit to obtain a voltage sample value.
  • the peak voltage sample-and-hold unit, the zero-crossing sampling unit, the bleeder unit, and the AD sampling unit in the first voltage sampling circuit 1062 By setting the peak voltage sample-and-hold unit, the zero-crossing sampling unit, the bleeder unit, and the AD sampling unit in the first voltage sampling circuit 1062, accurate sampling of the voltage output by the second rectifying unit 104 can be realized, and the voltage sampling value can be ensured. It can be synchronized with the voltage of the first pulsation waveform, that is, the phase is synchronized, and the amplitude change trend is consistent.
  • the power adapter 1 further includes a second voltage sampling circuit 114 for sampling the voltage of the first pulsation waveform, the second voltage sampling circuit 114 and the control The unit 107 is connected, wherein when the voltage value sampled by the second voltage sampling circuit 114 is greater than the first preset voltage value, the control unit 107 controls the switching unit 102 to turn on the first preset time to surge the first pulsation waveform. Voltage, spike voltage, etc. are discharged.
  • the second voltage sampling circuit 114 can be connected to the first output end and the second output end of the first rectifying unit 101 to sample the voltage of the first pulsation waveform, and the control unit 107 samples the second voltage.
  • the voltage value sampled by the circuit 114 is judged. If the voltage value sampled by the second voltage sampling circuit 114 is greater than the first preset voltage value, the power adapter 1 is subjected to a lightning strike, and a surge voltage occurs.
  • the voltage is discharged to ensure the safety and reliability of the charging, and the control unit 107 controls the switching unit 102 to be turned on for a period of time to form a bleed path, which will be
  • the surge voltage caused by the blow is prevented, and the interference caused by the lightning strike to the terminal of the power adapter is prevented, and the safety and reliability of the terminal charging are effectively improved.
  • the first preset voltage value can be calibrated according to actual conditions.
  • the control unit 107 in the process of charging the battery 202 of the terminal 2 by the power adapter 1, is further configured to control the switch when the voltage value sampled by the sampling unit 106 is greater than the second preset voltage value.
  • the unit 102 is turned off, that is, the control unit 107 also determines the magnitude of the voltage value sampled by the sampling unit 106. If the voltage value sampled by the sampling unit 106 is greater than the second preset voltage value, the output of the power adapter 1 is indicated.
  • control unit 107 When the voltage is too high, the control unit 107 turns off by controlling the switch unit 102, so that the power adapter 1 stops charging the battery 202 of the terminal 2, that is, the control unit 107 realizes the power adapter 1 by controlling the shutdown of the switch unit 102. Pressure protection to ensure safe charging.
  • the controller 204 acquires a voltage value sampled by the sampling unit 106 by performing bidirectional communication with the control unit 107 (FIGS. 13 and 14), and in the When the voltage value sampled by the sampling unit 106 is greater than the second preset voltage value, the charging control switch 203 is controlled to be turned off, that is, the charging control switch 203 is turned off through the terminal 2 side, thereby turning off the charging process of the battery 202, thereby ensuring that the charging process of the battery 202 is turned off. Charging is safe.
  • control unit 107 is further configured to control the switch unit 102 to be turned off when the current value sampled by the sampling unit 106 is greater than the preset current value, that is, the control unit 107 further determines the magnitude of the current sampled by the sampling unit 106. If the current value sampled by the sampling unit 106 is greater than the preset current value, it indicates that the current output by the power adapter 1 is too large. At this time, the control unit 107 is turned off by controlling the switch unit 102, so that the power adapter 1 stops charging the terminal, that is, The control unit 107 realizes overcurrent protection of the power adapter 1 by controlling the shutdown of the switch unit 102 to ensure charging safety.
  • the controller 204 acquires the current value sampled by the sampling unit 106 by bidirectional communication with the control unit 107 (FIG. 13 and FIG. 14), and the current value sampled by the sampling unit 106 is greater than the pre-
  • the charging control switch 203 is controlled to be turned off, that is, the charging control switch 203 is turned off through the terminal 2 side, thereby turning off the charging process of the battery 202 to ensure charging safety.
  • the second preset voltage value and the preset current value may be set or written in the storage of the control unit (for example, the control unit 107 of the power adapter 1 , such as the micro control processor MCU ) according to actual conditions.
  • the control unit for example, the control unit 107 of the power adapter 1 , such as the micro control processor MCU .
  • the terminal may be a mobile terminal such as a mobile phone, a mobile power source such as a charging treasure, a multimedia player, a notebook computer, a wearable device, or the like.
  • the voltage of the third pulsation waveform is output by controlling the power adapter, and the voltage of the third pulsation waveform output by the power adapter is directly loaded to the battery of the terminal, thereby achieving pulsating output.
  • the voltage/current directly charges the battery quickly.
  • the pulsating output voltage/current is periodically changed.
  • the lithium battery can be reduced in lithium deposition, the service life of the battery can be improved, and the contact of the charging interface can be reduced.
  • the probability and intensity of the arc improve the life of the charging interface, and help reduce electricity
  • the polarization effect of the pool the improvement of the charging speed, the reduction of the heat of the battery, and the safety and reliability of the terminal charging.
  • the power adapter outputs the voltage of the pulsating waveform, it is not necessary to provide an electrolytic capacitor in the power adapter, which not only simplifies and miniaturizes the power adapter, but also greatly reduces the cost.
  • the control unit reduces the voltage trough duration of the third pulsation waveform by adjusting the duty ratio of the control signal, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the voltage peak and the voltage valley, thereby effectively Reducing the fluctuation of the battery voltage during pulse charging can facilitate the voltage peak of the battery collected by the battery voltage collecting unit, so that the power adapter can adjust the charging state according to the voltage peak value of the battery in time to ensure the safety and reliability of the system.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a power adapter, the power adapter includes: a first rectifying unit, the first rectifying unit is configured to rectify the input alternating current to output a voltage of the first pulsating waveform; and the switching unit The switching unit is configured to modulate a voltage of the first pulsation waveform according to a control signal, and the transformer is configured to output a voltage of the second pulsation waveform according to the voltage of the modulated first pulsation waveform; a second rectifying unit, configured to rectify a voltage of the second pulsating waveform to output a voltage of a third pulsating waveform; a first charging interface, the first charging interface and the second rectifying unit Connected, the first charging interface is configured to load, by the second charging interface, a voltage of the third pulsating waveform to a battery of the terminal when connected to a second charging interface of the terminal, where the a charging interface connected to the battery; a control unit, the control unit is connected to the switch
  • the voltage of the third pulsation waveform is output through the first charging interface, and the voltage of the third pulsation waveform is directly loaded to the battery of the terminal through the second charging interface of the terminal, so that the pulsating output can be realized.
  • the voltage/current directly charges the battery quickly.
  • the pulsating output voltage/current is periodically changed.
  • the lithium battery can be reduced in lithium deposition, the service life of the battery can be improved, and the contact of the charging interface can be reduced.
  • the probability and intensity of the arc improves the life of the charging interface, and helps to reduce the polarization effect of the battery, increase the charging speed, reduce the heat generation of the battery, and ensure the safety and reliability of the terminal when charging.
  • the control unit reduces the voltage valley duration of the third pulsation waveform by adjusting the duty ratio of the control signal, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the voltage peak and the voltage valley, thereby effectively reducing the pulse.
  • the fluctuation of the battery voltage during charging can facilitate the voltage peak of the battery collected by the battery voltage collecting unit, so that the power adapter can adjust the charging state according to the voltage peak value of the battery in time to ensure the safety and reliability of the system.
  • FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a charging method for a terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 15, the charging method for the terminal includes the following steps:
  • the AC mains of the input alternating current ie, mains, for example, 220V, 50Hz, or 60Hz
  • the voltage of the first pulsating waveform for example, 100 Hz or 120 Hz
  • Taro wave voltage for example, 100 Hz or 120 Hz
  • the switch unit may be composed of a MOS tube, and the MOS tube is subjected to PWM control to perform chopping modulation on the head wave voltage. Then, the voltage of the modulated first pulsation waveform is coupled to the secondary by the transformer, and the voltage of the second pulsating waveform is output by the secondary winding.
  • the high frequency transformer can be used for the conversion, so that the volume of the transformer can be small, so that the power adapter can be designed with high power and miniaturization.
  • the voltage of the second pulsation waveform is rectified by the second rectifying unit, and the second rectifying unit may be formed by a diode or a MOS tube to implement secondary synchronous rectification, thereby modulating the first pulsation
  • the waveform is synchronized with the third pulsation waveform.
  • the voltage of the third pulsation waveform satisfies the charging requirement, and the voltage and current of the third pulsation waveform need to satisfy the charging voltage and the charging current when the battery is charged. That is to say, the duty ratio of the control signal such as the PWM signal can be adjusted according to the voltage and/or current outputted by the sampled power adapter, and the output of the power adapter can be adjusted in real time to realize closed-loop adjustment control, thereby making the third pulsation waveform
  • the voltage satisfies the charging requirement of the terminal, ensures that the battery is safely and reliably charged, and specifically adjusts the charging voltage waveform outputted to the battery by the duty ratio of the PWM signal as shown in FIG. 3, and adjusts the output to the battery by the duty ratio of the PWM signal.
  • the charging current waveform is shown in Figure 4.
  • the voltage of the first pulsation waveform after the full bridge rectification is directly modulated by the chopping wave voltage by the control switching unit, and sent to the high frequency transformer, and the primary coupling is performed through the high frequency transformer.
  • the voltage amplitude of the skull wave can be adjusted by the duty cycle of the PWM signal, so that the output of the power adapter can meet the charging requirement of the battery. Therefore, the primary and secondary electrolytic capacitors in the power adapter can be eliminated, and the battery can be directly charged by the skull wave voltage, thereby reducing the size of the power adapter, miniaturizing the power adapter, and greatly reducing the cost.
  • the charging method for the terminal may include the following steps: when the first charging interface of the power adapter is connected to the second charging interface of the terminal, rectifying the input alternating current to output the first a voltage of a pulsating waveform; modulating a voltage of the first pulsating waveform by controlling a switching unit, and outputting a voltage of the second pulsating waveform by transforming a transformer; and rectifying a voltage of the second pulsating waveform Outputting a voltage of the third pulsation waveform, and loading a voltage of the third pulsation waveform to a battery of the terminal through the second charging interface; adjusting a duty ratio of a control signal output to the switching unit So that the voltage of the third pulsation waveform satisfies the charging demand, and also adjusts the duty of the control signal during the charging of the battery by the power adapter by outputting the voltage of the third pulsation waveform. Comparing to reduce the voltage valley duration of the third pulsation
  • the voltage valley duration of the third pulsation waveform can be reduced by adjusting the duty ratio of the control signal, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the voltage peak and the voltage valley, thereby effectively reducing the battery voltage during pulse charging.
  • the fluctuation value is convenient for the battery voltage collecting unit to collect the voltage peak value of the battery, thereby ensuring the safety and reliability of the system.
  • the frequency of the control signal is further adjusted according to the voltage sampling value and/or the current sampling value, so that the PWM signal outputted to the switching unit can be controlled to continue to output for a period of time before stopping the output, after stopping for a predetermined time. Turn on the output of the PWM signal again, so that the voltage applied to the battery is intermittent, and the battery is intermittently charged, thereby avoiding the safety hazard caused by the serious heat generation during continuous charging of the battery, and improving the reliability and safety of the battery charging.
  • the control signal output to the switch unit can be as shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the charging method for the terminal further includes: communicating with the terminal through the first charging interface to acquire state information of the terminal, to control the signal according to the state information, the voltage sampling value, and/or the current sampling value of the terminal. The duty cycle is adjusted.
  • the power adapter and the terminal can send a communication inquiry command to each other, and after receiving the corresponding response command, the power adapter establishes a communication connection with the terminal.
  • the status information of the terminal can be obtained, thereby negotiating the charging mode and charging parameters (such as charging current and charging voltage) with the terminal, and controlling the charging process.
  • the voltage of the fourth pulsation waveform is further generated by the transformation of the transformer, and the voltage of the fourth pulsation waveform is detected to generate a voltage detection value to adjust the duty ratio of the control signal according to the voltage detection value.
  • the auxiliary winding may be disposed in the transformer, and the auxiliary winding may generate a voltage of the fourth pulsation waveform according to the voltage of the modulated first pulsation waveform, so that the output of the power adapter may be reflected by detecting the voltage of the fourth pulsation waveform.
  • the voltage thereby adjusting the duty cycle of the control signal based on the voltage detection value, such that the output of the power adapter matches the charging requirements of the battery.
  • sampling the second rectified voltage to obtain a voltage sampling value includes: sampling and maintaining a peak voltage of the second rectified voltage, and performing the secondary rectification Sampling of the zero crossing of the subsequent voltage; sampling and holding the peak voltage sample holding unit at the zero crossing to perform bleed; sampling the peak voltage in the peak voltage sampling and holding unit to obtain The voltage sample value.
  • the charging method for the terminal further includes: sampling a voltage of the first pulsation waveform, and controlling the location when the sampled voltage value is greater than the first preset voltage value The switching unit is turned on for a first preset time to discharge the surge voltage in the first pulsation waveform.
  • the power adapter By sampling the voltage of the first pulsation waveform, and then judging the sampled voltage value, if the sampled voltage value is greater than the first preset voltage value, the power adapter is interfered by the lightning strike, and a surge voltage occurs. It is necessary to discharge the surge voltage to ensure the safety and reliability of charging. It is necessary to control the switch unit to open for a period of time to form a venting passage, and to discharge the surge voltage caused by the lightning strike to prevent the lightning strike from causing the power adapter to charge the terminal. Interference, effectively improve the safety and reliability of the terminal charging.
  • the first preset voltage value can be calibrated according to actual conditions.
  • the charging mode is further communicated with the terminal through the first charging interface, and the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode is obtained according to the state information of the terminal when determining that the charging mode is the first charging mode. Or charging a voltage to adjust a duty ratio of the control signal according to a charging current and/or a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode, wherein the charging mode includes a first charging mode and a second charging mode.
  • the state information of the acquired terminal such as the voltage, the amount of electricity, the temperature of the battery, the operating parameters of the terminal, and the power consumption information of the application running on the terminal, etc.
  • the charging current and/or the charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode are obtained, and then the duty ratio of the control signal is adjusted according to the obtained charging current and/or the charging voltage, so that the output of the power adapter satisfies the charging requirement, and the battery is quickly charged.
  • the status information of the terminal includes the temperature of the battery. And, when the temperature of the battery is greater than the first preset temperature threshold or the temperature of the battery is less than the second preset temperature threshold, if the current charging mode is the first charging mode, the first charging mode is switched to the second a charging mode, wherein the first preset temperature threshold is greater than the second preset temperature threshold. That is, when the temperature of the battery is too low (for example, corresponding to a second preset temperature threshold) or too high (for example, When the corresponding value is greater than the first preset temperature threshold, it is not suitable for fast charging, so it is necessary to switch the first charging mode to the second charging mode.
  • the first preset temperature threshold and the second preset temperature threshold may be calibrated according to actual conditions.
  • the switch unit when the temperature of the battery is greater than a preset high temperature protection threshold, the switch unit is controlled to be turned off, that is, when the temperature of the battery exceeds the high temperature protection threshold, a high temperature protection strategy is needed to control The switch unit is disconnected, so that the power adapter stops charging the battery, thereby achieving high temperature protection of the battery and improving the safety of charging.
  • the high temperature protection threshold may be different from the first temperature threshold or may be the same.
  • the high temperature protection threshold is greater than the first temperature threshold.
  • the terminal further acquires a temperature of the battery, and when the temperature of the battery is greater than a preset high temperature protection threshold, controlling the battery to stop charging, that is, may be through the terminal side. Turn off the charging control switch to turn off the charging process of the battery to ensure safe charging.
  • the charging method for the terminal further includes: acquiring a temperature of the first charging interface, and controlling when the temperature of the first charging interface is greater than a preset protection temperature
  • the switch unit is turned off. That is, when the temperature of the charging interface exceeds a certain temperature, the control unit also needs to perform a high temperature protection strategy, and the control switch unit is disconnected, so that the power adapter stops charging the battery, realizes high temperature protection of the charging interface, and improves the safety of charging.
  • the terminal performs bidirectional communication with the power adapter through the second charging interface to obtain the temperature of the first charging interface, and is at the first charging interface.
  • the temperature is greater than the preset protection temperature
  • the battery is controlled to stop charging. That is, the charging control switch can be turned off through the terminal side, thereby turning off the charging process of the battery and ensuring charging safety.
  • the control switch unit is turned off. That is to say, in the process of charging the terminal by the power adapter, the magnitude of the voltage sampling value is also judged. If the voltage sampling value is greater than the second preset voltage value, the voltage outputted by the power adapter is too high, and the control switch is passed at this time. The unit is turned off, so that the power adapter stops charging the terminal, that is, the overvoltage protection of the power adapter is realized by controlling the shutdown of the switch unit to ensure the charging safety.
  • the terminal performs bidirectional communication with the power adapter through the second charging interface to obtain the voltage sampling value, and the voltage sampling value is greater than the second preset voltage.
  • the charging control switch can be turned off through the terminal side, thereby turning off the charging process of the battery and ensuring charging safety.
  • the switching unit is controlled to be turned off. That is to say, in the process of charging the terminal by the power adapter, the magnitude of the current sampling value is also judged. If the current sampling value is greater than the preset current value, the power adapter output is indicated. The current is too large. At this time, the control switch unit is turned off, so that the power adapter stops charging the terminal, that is, the overcurrent protection of the power adapter is realized by controlling the shutdown of the switch unit to ensure the charging safety.
  • the terminal performs bidirectional communication with the power adapter through the second charging interface to obtain the current sampling value, and controls the battery to stop charging when the current sampling value is greater than a preset current value. That is, the charging control switch can be turned off through the terminal side, thereby turning off the charging process of the battery and ensuring charging safety.
  • the second preset voltage value and the preset current value may be calibrated according to actual conditions.
  • the status information of the terminal may include a quantity of the battery, a temperature of the battery, a voltage/current of the terminal, interface information of the terminal, and a path impedance of the terminal. Information, etc.
  • the power adapter and the terminal can be connected through a USB interface, and the USB interface can be a normal USB interface or a micro USB interface.
  • the data line in the USB interface that is, the data line in the first charging interface, is used for two-way communication between the power adapter and the terminal, and the data line may be a D+ line and/or a D- line in the USB interface, so-called two-way communication. It can refer to the interaction between the power adapter and the terminal.
  • the power adapter performs two-way communication with the terminal through a data line in the USB interface to determine to charge the terminal using the first charging mode.
  • the power adapter performs bidirectional communication with the terminal through the first charging interface to determine, when the first charging mode is used to charge the terminal, the power adapter to the The terminal sends a first instruction, where the first instruction is used to query whether the terminal starts the first charging mode; the power adapter receives a reply instruction of the first instruction from the terminal, where the first instruction The reply command is used to instruct the terminal to agree to turn on the first charging mode.
  • the power adapter and the terminal are charged by the second charging mode, and After the charging duration of the second charging mode is greater than a preset threshold, the power adapter transmits the first instruction to the terminal.
  • the power adapter can consider that the terminal has identified itself as a power adapter, and can open the fast charging inquiry communication.
  • the charging current is adjusted to the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode by controlling the switching unit to control the power supply adapter, and the first charging is performed in the power adapter.
  • the charging current corresponding to the mode is charging the terminal, performing bidirectional communication with the terminal through the first charging interface to determine a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode, and controlling the power adapter to adjust the charging voltage a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode.
  • the two-way communication with the terminal by using the first charging interface to determine a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode includes: sending, by the power adapter, the terminal a second instruction for interrogating whether a current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable as the first charging mode a charging voltage; the power adapter receives a reply command of the second command sent by the terminal, and the reply command of the second command is used to indicate that a current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable, high or low; The power adapter determines the charging voltage of the first charging mode according to the reply command of the second instruction.
  • the power adapter before controlling the power adapter to adjust a charging current to a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode, performing bidirectional communication with the terminal through the first charging interface to determine The charging current corresponding to the first charging mode.
  • the two-way communication with the terminal by using the first charging interface to determine a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode includes: sending, by the power adapter, the terminal a third instruction, the third instruction is used to query a maximum charging current currently supported by the terminal; the power adapter receives a reply instruction of the third instruction sent by the terminal, and the reply instruction of the third instruction is used And indicating a maximum charging current currently supported by the terminal; the power adapter determining a charging current of the first charging mode according to the return instruction of the third instruction.
  • the power adapter may directly determine the above maximum charging current as the charging current of the first charging mode, or set the charging current to be less than a certain current value of the maximum charging current.
  • the power adapter in the process of charging the terminal by using the first charging mode, the power adapter further performs bidirectional communication with the terminal through the first charging interface to pass through the control center.
  • the switching unit continuously adjusts the charging current of the power adapter output to the battery.
  • the power adapter can continuously query the current status information of the terminal, thereby continuously adjusting the charging current, such as the battery voltage of the terminal, the battery power, and the like.
  • the two-way communication is performed with the terminal by using the first charging interface to continuously adjust a charging current of the power adapter output to the battery by controlling the switch unit, including: The power adapter sends a fourth command to the terminal, the fourth command is used to query a current voltage of a battery in the terminal; the power adapter receives a reply command of the fourth command sent by the terminal, The reply command of the fourth instruction is used to indicate a current voltage of the battery in the terminal; and the charging current is adjusted by controlling the switch unit according to the current voltage of the battery.
  • the adjusting the charging current by controlling the switch unit according to a current voltage of the battery includes: according to a current voltage of the battery, and a preset battery voltage value and Corresponding relationship between the charging current values is adjusted by adjusting the charging current of the power adapter to the battery to the charging current value corresponding to the current voltage of the battery.
  • the power adapter may pre-store the correspondence between the battery voltage value and the charging current value.
  • the power adapter in a process in which the power adapter uses the first charging mode to charge the terminal, performing bidirectional communication with the terminal through the first charging interface to determine the First charging interface Whether the contact is poor with the second charging interface, wherein when the contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface is determined to be poor, the power adapter is controlled to exit the first charging mode.
  • the power adapter before determining whether the first charging interface and the second charging interface are in poor contact, receives, from the terminal, a channel impedance for indicating the terminal.
  • Information wherein the power adapter sends a fourth command to the terminal, the fourth command is used to query a voltage of a battery in the terminal; and the power adapter receives the fourth command sent by the terminal Responding to an instruction, the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is used to indicate a voltage of a battery in the terminal; determining a path impedance of the power adapter to the battery according to an output voltage of the power adapter and a voltage of the battery And determining the first charging interface according to a path impedance of the power adapter to the battery, a path impedance of the terminal, and a path impedance of a charging line line between the power adapter and the terminal; Whether the contact between the second charging interfaces is poor.
  • a fifth instruction is further sent to the terminal, where the fifth instruction is used to indicate the first charging interface and the Poor contact between the second charging interfaces.
  • the power adapter After the power adapter sends the fifth command, it can exit the first charging mode or reset.
  • the terminal supports a second charging mode and a first charging mode, wherein a charging current of the first charging mode is greater than a charging current of the second charging mode, and the terminal passes the Two charging interfaces are in two-way communication with the power adapter, so that the power adapter determines to use the first charging mode to charge the terminal, wherein the power adapter outputs according to a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode, Charging the battery in the terminal.
  • the terminal performs bidirectional communication with the power adapter through the second charging interface, so that the power adapter determines to use the first charging mode to charge the terminal, including: Receiving, by the terminal, a first instruction sent by the power adapter, the first instruction is used to query whether the terminal starts the first charging mode; and the terminal sends a reply instruction of the first instruction to the power adapter, The reply instruction of the first instruction is used to indicate that the terminal agrees to enable the first charging mode.
  • the terminal and the power adapter are charged by the second charging mode, and the power adapter is determined. After the charging duration of the second charging mode is greater than a preset threshold, the terminal receives the first instruction sent by the power adapter.
  • the power adapter outputs according to a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode, to output the battery in the terminal, and the terminal passes the second charging interface and the Power supply
  • the adapter performs two-way communication such that the power adapter determines a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode.
  • the terminal performs bidirectional communication with the power adapter through the second charging interface, so that the power adapter determines a charging voltage corresponding to the first charging mode, including: the terminal Receiving a second instruction sent by the power adapter, the second instruction is used to query whether a current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable as a charging voltage of the first charging mode; the terminal sends a location to the power adapter The reply instruction of the second instruction is used to indicate that the current output voltage of the power adapter is suitable, high or low.
  • the terminal receives the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode from the power adapter, and the terminal passes the second charging interface before charging the battery in the terminal. Bidirectional communication with the power adapter such that the power adapter determines a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode.
  • the terminal performs bidirectional communication with the power adapter through the second charging interface, so that the power adapter determines the charging current corresponding to the first charging mode, including: the terminal receiving the sending by the power adapter a third instruction, the third instruction is used to query a maximum charging current currently supported by the terminal; the terminal sends a reply instruction of the third instruction to the power adapter, and the reply instruction of the third instruction is used for And indicating a maximum charging current currently supported by the terminal, so that the power adapter determines a charging current corresponding to the first charging mode according to the maximum charging current.
  • the terminal performs two-way communication with the power adapter through the second charging interface, so that The power adapter continuously adjusts a charging current of the power adapter output to the battery.
  • the terminal performs bidirectional communication with the power adapter through the second charging interface, so that the power adapter continuously adjusts the charging current output by the power adapter to the battery, including: the terminal receiving the power adapter to send a fourth instruction, the fourth instruction is used to query a current voltage of a battery in the terminal; the terminal sends a reply instruction of the fourth instruction to the power adapter, and the reply instruction of the fourth instruction is used And indicating a current voltage of the battery in the terminal, so as to continuously adjust the charging current output by the power adapter to the battery according to the current voltage of the battery.
  • the terminal in a process in which the power adapter uses the first charging mode to charge the terminal, the terminal performs two-way communication with the power adapter through the second charging interface, so that The power adapter determines whether there is a poor contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface.
  • the terminal performs two-way communication with the power adapter through the second charging interface, so that the power adapter determines whether the first charging interface and the second charging interface are in poor contact, including: The terminal receives a fourth command sent by the power adapter, the fourth command is used to query a current voltage of a battery in the terminal; the terminal sends a reply command of the fourth command to the power adapter, Reply instruction of the fourth instruction Determining a current voltage of the battery in the terminal, so that the power adapter determines between the first charging interface and the second charging interface according to an output voltage of the power adapter and a current voltage of the battery Whether the contact is bad.
  • the terminal further receives a fifth instruction sent by the power adapter, where the fifth instruction is used to indicate a poor contact between the first charging interface and the second charging interface.
  • the power adapter can perform a fast charging communication process with the terminal, and realize fast charging of the battery after one or more handshakes.
  • FIG. 6 is a detailed description of the fast charging communication process of the embodiment of the present invention, and various stages included in the fast charging process. It should be understood that the communication steps or operations illustrated in FIG. 6 are merely examples, and that other operations of the present invention or variations of the various operations in FIG. 6 may be performed. Moreover, the various stages in FIG. 6 may be performed in a different order than that presented in FIG. 6, and it is also possible that not all operations in FIG. 6 are to be performed.
  • the voltage of the third pulsation waveform that satisfies the charging demand is output by controlling the power adapter, and the voltage of the third pulsating waveform output by the power adapter is directly loaded to the terminal.
  • the battery allows the pulsating output voltage/current to be quickly charged directly to the battery. Among them, the pulsating output voltage/current is periodically changed. Compared with the conventional constant voltage constant current, the lithium battery can be reduced in lithium deposition, the service life of the battery can be improved, and the contact of the charging interface can be reduced.
  • the probability and intensity of the arc improves the life of the charging interface, and helps to reduce the polarization effect of the battery, increase the charging speed, reduce the heat generation of the battery, and ensure the safety and reliability of the terminal when charging.
  • the power adapter outputs the voltage of the pulsating waveform, it is not necessary to provide an electrolytic capacitor in the power adapter, which not only simplifies and miniaturizes the power adapter, but also greatly reduces the cost.
  • the duty cycle of the control signal is adjusted to reduce the voltage valley duration of the third pulsation waveform, thereby reducing the voltage difference between the voltage peak and the voltage valley, thereby effectively reducing the pulse charging time.
  • the fluctuation of the battery voltage can facilitate the voltage peak of the battery collected by the battery voltage collecting unit, so that the power adapter can adjust the charging state according to the voltage peak value of the battery in time to ensure the safety and reliability of the system.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” or “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise. , or integrated; can be mechanical or electrical connection; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements, unless otherwise specified Limited.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be a direct contact of the first and second features, or the first and second features may be indirectly through an intermediate medium, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. contact.
  • the first feature "above”, “above” and “above” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or above the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is less than the second feature.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, displayed as a unit
  • the components may or may not be physical units, ie may be located in one place or may be distributed over multiple network elements. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

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Abstract

一种用于终端（2）的充电系统、充电方法以及电源适配器（1），其中，充电系统包括电源适配器（1）和终端（2），电源适配器（1）包括：第一整流单元（101）、开关单元（102）、变压器（103）、第二整流单元（104）、第一充电接口（105）、采样单元（106）、控制单元（107），控制单元（107）输出控制信号至开关单元（102），并根据采样单元（106）采样的电压采样值和/或电流采样值对控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使第二整流单元（104）输出的第三脉动波形的电压满足充电需求；终端（2）包括第二充电接口（201）和电池（202），第二充电接口（201）与电池（202）相连，当第二充电接口（201）与第一充电接口（105）连接时，第二充电接口（201）将第三脉动波形的电压加载至电池（202），使得电源适配器（1）输出的脉动波形的电压直接加载至电池（202），从而可以实现电源适配器（1）的小型化、低成本，提高电池（202）的使用寿命。

Description

用于终端的充电系统、充电方法以及电源适配器 技术领域
本发明涉及终端设备技术领域，特别涉及一种用于终端的充电系统、一种用于终端的充电方法以及一种电源适配器。
背景技术
目前，移动终端(例如智能手机)越来越受到消费者的青睐，但是移动终端耗电量大，需要经常充电。
通常移动终端是通过电源适配器来进行充电。其中，电源适配器一般包括初级整流电路、初级滤波电路、变压器、次级整流电路、次级滤波电路以及控制电路等，这样电源适配器通过将输入的220V交流电转换为适于移动终端需求的稳定低压直流电(例如5V)，以提供给移动终端的电源管理装置和电池，实现移动终端的充电。
但是，随着电源适配器的功率变大，例如从5W向10W、15W、25W等更大功率升级时，需要更多能够承受高功率和实现更好精度控制的电子元器件进行适配，这不仅会增加电源适配器的体积，同时也会增加适配器的生产成本和制造难度。
发明内容
本申请是基于发明人对以下问题的认识和研究而做出的：
发明人在研究时发现，随着电源适配器的功率变大，电源适配器在对移动终端的电池进行充电时，容易造成电池极化电阻变大、电池温升较高，从而降低电池的使用寿命，影响电池的可靠性和安全性。
并且，通常交流电源供电时，大多数设备都无法直接使用交流电工作，这是因为交流电例如50Hz的220V市电是间断性地输出电能，而为了不“间断”，需要使用电解电容器储能，从而当供电处于波谷时，供电的持续依赖电解电容器的储能来维持稳定的电能供应。所以，交流电源通过电源适配器给移动终端充电时，都是先将交流电源提供的交流电例如220V的交流电转换为稳定的直流电以供给移动终端。然而电源适配器是为移动终端的电池充电，从而间接为移动终端供电，供电的持续性有电池作为保障，这样电源适配器在给电池充电时就可以不需要连续输出稳定的直流电。
此外，通过相关技术中的低压大电流的VOOC充电方式给移动终端充电时，由于适配器端直连电池，并且由适配器来调节输出电压和电流，因此适配器需要知晓电池端的电压等信息，并通过得知的电池电压信息来判断是否达到目标电压，并在达到目标电压时开始 降低输出电流。而电池的电压等信息一般通过ADC采样得到，且采样得到的电压属于瞬时电压值，这种采样方式采集到的电压值在直流充电过程中是可行的，但是在脉冲充电中就会存在问题，因为输入的电流是脉冲式的，并且由于电池内阻的存在，导致电池上的电压也会随着脉冲电流波形的波动而波动，这样电池的电压就会出现波峰和波谷，要保证电池不过压，就要保证电池的波峰电压不过压。但是，由于采用上述方式采样到的是瞬时电压值，此时如果采样到的是波谷电压，就会给系统及时调整带来影响。
为此，本发明的第一个目的在于提出一种用于终端的充电系统，能够使得电源适配器输出的脉动波形的电压直接加载至终端的电池，从而可以实现电源适配器的小型化、低成本，提高电池的使用寿命，并且在电源适配器给电池进行脉冲充电的过程中，通过降低输出脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，从而可以便于采集电池的电压波峰值，这样电源适配器可以及时地调整充电状态，保证系统的安全可靠。
本发明的第二个目的在于提出一种电源适配器。本发明的第三个目的在于提出一种用于终端的充电方法。
为达到上述目的，本发明第一方面实施例提出的一种用于终端的充电系统，包括：电源适配器，所述电源适配器包括：第一整流单元，所述第一整流单元对输入的交流电进行整流以输出第一脉动波形的电压；开关单元，所述开关单元用于根据控制信号对所述第一脉动波形的电压进行调制；变压器，所述变压器用于根据调制后的所述第一脉动波形的电压输出第二脉动波形的电压；第二整流单元，所述第二整流单元用于对所述第二脉动波形的电压进行整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压；第一充电接口，所述第一充电接口与所述第二整流单元相连；控制单元，所述控制单元与所述开关单元相连，所述控制单元输出所述控制信号至所述开关单元，并对所述控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使所述第三脉动波形的电压满足充电需求；终端，所述终端包括第二充电接口、电池和电池电压采集单元，所述第二充电接口与所述电池相连，其中，当所述第二充电接口与所述第一充电接口连接时，所述第二充电接口将所述第三脉动波形的电压加载至所述电池，并在所述电源适配器通过输出所述第三脉动波形的电压给所述电池充电的过程中，所述控制单元通过调节所述控制信号的占空比以降低所述第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，以使所述电池电压采集单元采集到所述电池的电压波峰值。
根据本发明实施例的用于终端的充电系统，通过控制电源适配器输出第三脉动波形的电压，并将电源适配器输出的第三脉动波形的电压直接加载至终端的电池，从而可实现脉动的输出电压/电流直接对电池进行快速充电。其中，脉动的输出电压/电流的大小周期性变换，与传统的恒压恒流相比，能够降低锂电池的析锂现象，提高电池的使用寿命，并且还能够减少充电接口的触点的拉弧的概率和强度，提高充电接口的寿命，以及有利于降低电 池的极化效应、提高充电速度、减少电池的发热，保证终端充电时的安全可靠。此外，由于电源适配器输出的是脉动波形的电压，从而无需在电源适配器中设置电解电容，不仅可以实现电源适配器的简单化、小型化，还可大大降低成本。并且，在电源适配器对终端的电池进行脉冲充电过程中，控制单元通过调节控制信号的占空比以降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，从而减少电压波峰与电压波谷的压差，进而有效减少脉冲充电时电池电压的波动值，可以便于电池电压采集单元采集到电池的电压波峰值，这样电源适配器就可以及时地根据电池的电压波峰值调整充电状态，保证系统的安全可靠。
为达到上述目的，本发明第二方面实施例提出的一种电源适配器，包括：第一整流单元，所述第一整流单元用于对输入的交流电进行整流以输出第一脉动波形的电压；开关单元，所述开关单元用于根据控制信号对所述第一脉动波形的电压进行调制；变压器，所述变压器用于根据调制后的所述第一脉动波形的电压输出第二脉动波形的电压；第二整流单元，所述第二整流单元用于对所述第二脉动波形的电压进行整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压；第一充电接口，所述第一充电接口与所述第二整流单元相连，所述第一充电接口用于在与终端的第二充电接口连接时，通过所述第二充电接口将所述第三脉动波形的电压加载至所述终端的电池，其中，所述第二充电接口与所述电池相连；控制单元，所述控制单元与所述开关单元相连，所述控制单元输出所述控制信号至所述开关单元，并对所述控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使所述第三脉动波形的电压满足所述终端的充电需求，并在所述电源适配器通过输出所述第三脉动波形的电压给所述电池充电的过程中，所述控制单元还通过调节所述控制信号的占空比以降低所述第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，以使所述终端内的电池电压采集单元采集到所述电池的电压波峰值。
根据本发明实施例的电源适配器，通过第一充电接口输出第三脉动波形的电压，并通过终端的第二充电接口将第三脉动波形的电压直接加载至终端的电池，从而可实现脉动的输出电压/电流直接对电池进行快速充电。其中，脉动的输出电压/电流的大小周期性变换，与传统的恒压恒流相比，能够降低锂电池的析锂现象，提高电池的使用寿命，并且还能够减少充电接口的触点的拉弧的概率和强度，提高充电接口的寿命，以及有利于降低电池的极化效应、提高充电速度、减少电池的发热，保证终端充电时的安全可靠。此外，由于输出的是脉动波形的电压，从而无需设置电解电容，不仅可以实现电源适配器的简单化、小型化，还可大大降低成本。并且，在对终端的电池进行脉冲充电过程中，控制单元通过调节控制信号的占空比以降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，从而减少电压波峰与电压波谷的压差，进而有效减少脉冲充电时电池电压的波动值，可以便于电池电压采集单元采集到电池的电压波峰值，这样电源适配器就可以及时地根据电池的电压波峰值调整充电状态，保证系统的安全可靠。
为达到上述目的，本发明第三方面实施例提出的一种用于终端的充电方法，包括以下步骤：当电源适配器的第一充电接口与所述终端的第二充电接口连接时，对输入的交流电进行一次整流以输出第一脉动波形的电压；通过控制开关单元以对所述第一脉动波形的电压进行调制，并通过变压器的变换以输出第二脉动波形的电压；对所述第二脉动波形的电压进行二次整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压，并通过所述第二充电接口将所述第三脉动波形的电压加载至所述终端的电池；对输出至所述开关单元的控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使所述第三脉动波形的电压满足充电需求，并在所述电源适配器通过输出所述第三脉动波形的电压给所述电池充电的过程中，还通过调节所述控制信号的占空比以降低所述第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，以使所述终端采集到所述电池的电压波峰值。
根据本发明实施例的用于终端的充电方法，通过控制电源适配器输出满足充电需求的第三脉动波形的电压，并将电源适配器输出的第三脉动波形的电压直接加载至终端的电池，从而可实现脉动的输出电压/电流直接对电池进行快速充电。其中，脉动的输出电压/电流的大小周期性变换，与传统的恒压恒流相比，能够降低锂电池的析锂现象，提高电池的使用寿命，并且还能够减少充电接口的触点的拉弧的概率和强度，提高充电接口的寿命，以及有利于降低电池的极化效应、提高充电速度、减少电池的发热，保证终端充电时的安全可靠。此外，由于电源适配器输出的是脉动波形的电压，从而无需在电源适配器中设置电解电容，不仅可以实现电源适配器的简单化、小型化，还可大大降低成本。并且，在对终端的电池进行脉冲充电过程中，通过调节控制信号的占空比以降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，从而减少电压波峰与电压波谷的压差，进而有效减少脉冲充电时电池电压的波动值，可以便于电池电压采集单元采集到电池的电压波峰值，这样电源适配器就可以及时地根据电池的电压波峰值调整充电状态，保证系统的安全可靠。
附图说明
图1A为根据本发明一个实施例的用于终端的充电系统采用反激式开关电源的方框示意图；
图1B为根据本发明一个实施例的用于终端的充电系统采用正激式开关电源的方框示意图；
图1C为根据本发明一个实施例的用于终端的充电系统采用推挽式开关电源的方框示意图；
图1D为根据本发明一个实施例的用于终端的充电系统采用半桥式开关电源的方框示意图；
图1E为根据本发明一个实施例的用于终端的充电系统采用全桥式开关电源的方框示 意图；
图2为根据本发明实施例的用于终端的充电系统的方框示意图；
图3为根据本发明一个实施例的电源适配器输出到电池的充电电压波形示意图；
图4为根据本发明一个实施例的电源适配器输出到电池的充电电流波形示意图；
图5A为根据本发明一个实施例的输出至开关单元的控制信号示意图；
图5B为根据本发明一个实施例的通过调节控制信号的占空比以降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间的控制信号对比示意图；
图6为根据本发明一个实施例的快充过程的示意图；
图7A为根据本发明一个实施例的用于终端的充电系统的方框示意图；
图7B为根据本发明一个实施例的电源适配器带有LC滤波电路的方框示意图；
图8为根据本发明另一个实施例的用于终端的充电系统的方框示意图；
图9为根据本发明又一个实施例的用于终端的充电系统的方框示意图；
图10为根据本发明还一个实施例的用于终端的充电系统的方框示意图；
图11为根据本发明一个实施例的采样单元的方框示意图；
图12为根据本发明再一个实施例的用于终端的充电系统的方框示意图；
图13为根据本发明一个实施例的终端的方框示意图；
图14为根据本发明另一个实施例的终端的方框示意图；以及
图15为根据本发明实施例的用于终端的充电方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在描述本发明实施例提出的用于终端的充电系统、电源适配器以及用于终端的充电方法之前，先来描述一下相关技术中给终端等待充电设备充电的电源适配器，即下述可称为“相关适配器”。
相关适配器工作在恒压模式下时，其输出的电压基本维持恒定，比如5V、9V、12V或20V等。
相关适配器输出的电压并不适合直接加载到电池两端，而是需要先经过待充电设备(如终端)内的变换电路进行变换，以得到待充电设备(如终端)内的电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。
变换电路用于对相关适配器输出的电压进行变换，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或 充电电流的需求。
作为一种示例，该变换电路可指充电管理模块，例如终端中的充电IC，在电池的充电过程中，用于对电池的充电电压和/或充电电流进行管理。该变换电路具有电压反馈模块的功能，和/或，具有电流反馈模块的功能，以实现对电池的充电电压和/或充电电流的管理。
举例来说，电池的充电过程可包括涓流充电阶段、恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段中的一个或者多个。在涓流充电阶段，变换电路可利用电流反馈环使得在涓流充电阶段进入到电池的电流满足电池所预期的充电电流大小(譬如第一充电电流)。在恒流充电阶段，变换电路可利用电流反馈环使得在恒流充电阶段进入电池的电流满足电池所预期的充电电流大小(譬如第二充电电流，该第二充电电流可大于第一充电电流)。在恒压充电阶段，变换电路可利用电压反馈环使得在恒压充电阶段加载到电池两端的电压满足电池所预期的充电电压大小。
作为一种示例，当相关适配器输出的电压大于电池所预期的充电电压时，变换电路可用于对相关适配器输出的电压进行降压转换处理，以使降压转换后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。作为又一种示例，当相关适配器输出的电压小于电池所预期的充电电压时，变换电路可用于对相关适配器输出的电压进行升压转换处理，以使升压转换后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。
作为又一示例，以相关适配器输出5V恒定电压为例，当电池包括单个电芯(以锂电池电芯为例，单个电芯的充电截止电压为4.2V)时，变换电路(例如Buck降压电路)可对相关适配器输出的电压进行降压转换处理，以使得降压后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。
作为又一示例，以相关适配器输出5V恒定电压为例，当相关适配器为串联有两个及两个以上单电芯的电池(以锂电池电芯为例，单个电芯的充电截止电压为4.2V)充电时，变换电路(例如Boost升压电路)可对相关适配器输出的电压进行升压转换处理，以使得升压后得到的充电电压满足电池所预期的充电电压需求。
变换电路受限于电路转换效率低下的原因，致使未被转换部分的电能以热量的形式散失，这部分热量会聚焦在待充电设备(如终端)内部，而待充电设备(如终端)的设计空间和散热空间都很小(例如，用户使用的移动终端物理尺寸越来越轻薄，同时移动终端内密集排布了大量的电子元器件以提升移动终端的性能)，这不但提升了变换电路的设计难度，还会导致聚焦在待充电设备(如终端)内的热量很难及时散出，进而会引发待充电设备(如终端)的异常。
举例来说，比如，变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会对变换电路附近的电子元器件造成热干扰，引发电子元器件的工作异常；和/或，比如，变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会缩短 变换电路及附近电子元件的使用寿命；和/或，比如，变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会对电池造成热干扰，进而导致电池充放电异常；和/或，比如，变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会导致待充电设备(如终端)的温度升高，影响用户在充电时的使用体验；和/或，比如，变换电路上聚集的热量，可能会导致变换电路自身的短路，使得相关适配器输出的电压直接加载在电池两端而引起充电异常，当电池长时间处于过压充电情况下，甚至会引发电池的爆炸，具有一定的安全隐患。
而本发明实施例提供的电源适配器能够获取电池的状态信息，电池的状态信息至少包括电池当前的电量信息和/或电压信息，该电源适配器根据获取到的电池的状态信息来调节电源适配器自身的输出电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流的需求，电源适配器调节后输出的电压可直接加载到电池两端为电池充电，其中，该电源适配器输出的是脉动波形的电压。
该电源适配器具有电压反馈模块的功能和电流反馈模块的功能，以实现对电池的充电电压和/或充电电流的管理。
该电源适配器根据获取到的电池的状态信息来调节其自身的输出电压可以指：该电源适配器能够实时获取到电池的状态信息，并根据每次所获取到的电池的实时状态信息来调节电源适配器自身输出的电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流。
该电源适配器根据实时获取到的电池的状态信息来调节其自身的输出电压可以指：随着充电过程中电池的充电电压不断上升，电源适配器能够获取到充电过程中不同时刻电池的当前状态信息，并根据电池的当前状态信息来实时调节电源适配器自身的输出电压，以满足电池所预期的充电电压和/或充电电流的需求，电源适配器调节后输出的电压可直接加载到电池两端为电池充电。
举例来说，电池的充电过程可包括涓流充电阶段、恒流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段中的一个或者多个。在涓流充电阶段，电源适配器可在涓流充电阶段输出一第一充电电流对电池进行充电以满足电池所预期的充电电流的需求(第一充电电流可为脉动波形的电流)。在恒流充电阶段，电源适配器可利用电流反馈环使得在恒流充电阶段由电源适配器输出且进入到电池的电流满足电池所预期的充电电流的需求(譬如第二充电电流，同样是脉动波形的电流，该第二充电电流可大于第一充电电流，可以是恒流充电阶段的脉动波形的电流峰值大于涓流充电阶段的脉动波形的电流峰值，而恒流充电阶段的恒流可以指的是脉动波形的电流峰值或平均值保持基本不变)。在恒压充电阶段，电源适配器可利用电压反馈环使得在恒压充电阶段由电源适配器输出到待充电设备(如终端)的电压(即脉动波形的电压)保持恒定。
举例来说，本发明实施例中提及的电源适配器可主要用于控制待充电设备(如终端) 内电池的恒流充电阶段。在其他实施例中，待充电设备(如终端)内电池的涓流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段的控制功能也可由本发明实施例提及的电源适配器和待充电设备(如终端)内额外的充电芯片来协同完成；相较于恒流充电阶段，电池在涓流充电阶段和恒压充电阶段接受的充电功率较小，待充电设备(如终端)内部充电芯片的效率转换损失和热量累积是可以接受的。需要说明的是，本发明实施例中提及的恒流充电阶段或恒流阶段可以是指对电源适配器的输出电流进行控制的充电模式，并非要求电源适配器的输出电流保持完全恒定不变，例如可以是泛指电源适配器输出的脉动波形的电流峰值或平均值保持基本不变，或者是一个时间段保持基本不变。例如，实际中，电源适配器在恒流充电阶段通常采用分段恒流的方式进行充电。
分段恒流充电(Multi-stage constant current charging)可具有N个恒流阶段(N为一个不小于2的整数)，分段恒流充电以预定的充电电流开始第一阶段充电，所述分段恒流充电的N个恒流阶段从第一阶段到第(N-1)个阶段依次被执行，当恒流阶段中的前一个恒流阶段转到下一个恒流阶段后，脉动波形的电流峰值或平均值可变小；当电池电压到达充电终止电压阈值时，恒流阶段中的前一个恒流阶段会转到下一个恒流阶段。相邻两个恒流阶段之间的电流转换过程可以是渐变的，或，也可以是台阶式的跳跃变化。
进一步地，需要说明的是，本发明实施例中所使用到的“终端”可包括，但不限于被设置成经由有线线路连接(如经由公共交换电话网络(PSTN)、数字用户线路(DSL)、数字电缆、直接电缆连接，以及/或另一数据连接/网络)和/或经由(例如，针对蜂窝网络、无线局域网(WLAN)、诸如DVB-H网络的数字电视网络、卫星网络、AM-FM广播发送器，以及/或另一通信终端的)无线接口接收/发送通信信号的装置。被设置成通过无线接口通信的终端可以被称为“无线通信终端”、“无线终端”以及/或“移动终端”。移动终端的示例包括，但不限于卫星或蜂窝电话；可以组合蜂窝无线电电话与数据处理、传真以及数据通信能力的个人通信系统(PCS)终端；可以包括无线电电话、寻呼机、因特网/内联网接入、Web浏览器、记事簿、日历以及/或全球定位系统(GPS)接收器的PDA；以及常规膝上型和/或掌上型接收器或包括无线电电话收发器的其它电子装置。
此外，在本发明的实施例中，电源适配器输出的脉动波形的电压直接加载到终端的电池上以对电池进行充电时，充电电流是以脉动波例如馒头波的形式表征出来，可以理解是充电电流以间歇的方式为电池充电，该充电电流的周期跟随输入交流电例如交流电网的频率进行变化，例如，充电电流的周期所对应的频率为电网频率的整数倍或倒数倍。并且，充电电流以间歇的方式为电池充电时，该充电电流对应的电流波形可以是与电网同步的一个或一组脉冲组成。
下面参照附图来描述根据本发明实施例提出的用于终端的充电系统和电源适配器、 用于终端的充电方法。
结合图1A至图14所示，本发明实施例提出的用于终端的充电系统包括电源适配器1和终端2。
如图2所示，电源适配器1包括：第一整流单元101、开关单元102、变压器103、第二整流单元104、第一充电接口105、采样单元106和控制单元107。第一整流单元101对输入的交流电(市电，例如AC220V)进行整流以输出第一脉动波形的电压例如馒头波电压，其中，如图1A所示，第一整流单元101可以是四个二极管构成的全桥整流电路。开关单元102用于根据控制信号对第一脉动波形的电压进行调制，其中，开关单元102可由MOS管构成，通过对MOS管进行PWM(Pulse Width Modulation，脉冲宽度调制)控制以对馒头波电压进行斩波调制。变压器103用于根据调制后的所述第一脉动波形的电压输出第二脉动波形的电压，第二整流单元104用于对所述第二脉动波形的电压进行整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压，其中，第二整流单元104可由二极管或MOS管组成，能够实现次级同步整流，从而第三脉动波形与调制后的第一脉动波形保持同步，需要说明的是，第三脉动波形与调制后的第一脉动波形保持同步，具体是指第三脉动波形的相位与调制后的第一脉动波形的相位保持一致，第三脉动波形的幅值与调制后的第一脉动波形的幅值变化趋势保持一致。第一充电接口105与第二整流单元104相连，采样单元106用于对第二整流单元104输出的电压和/或电流进行采样以获得电压采样值和/或电流采样值，控制单元107分别与采样单元106和开关单元102相连，控制单元107输出控制信号至开关单元102，并根据电压采样值和/或电流采样值对控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使该第二整流单元104输出的第三脉动波形的电压满足充电需求。
如图2所示，终端2包括第二充电接口201和电池202，第二充电接口201与电池202相连，其中，当第二充电接口201与第一充电接口105连接时，第二充电接口201将第三脉动波形的电压加载至电池202，实现对电池202的充电。
并且，终端还包括电池电压采集单元，电池电压采集单元用于采集电池的电压。在电源适配器1通过输出第三脉动波形的电压给电池充电的过程中，控制单元107通过调节控制信号的占空比以降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，以使电池电压采集单元采集到电池的电压波峰值。其中，电池电压采集单元可包括电量计，通过电量计来采集电池的电压。
也就是说，在电源适配器通过输出第三脉动波形的电压给电池充电的过程中，由于是脉冲充电，这就无法保证电池电压采集单元每次准确地采集到电池的电压波峰值，而采用脉冲充电的方式对电池充电时，充电电流中止时不会突然掉到零，而是缓慢下降的，中止的时间越短，电压变化就越小。因此，在本发明的实施例中，控制单元107通过调节控制 信号的占空比以降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，从而减少电压波峰与电压波谷的压差，进而有效减少脉冲充电时电池电压的波动值，这样便于电池电压采集单元采集到电池的电压波峰值，保证了系统的安全可靠。例如，如图5B所示，对照调节前后的PWM信号可知，控制单元107通过调节控制信号的占空比以降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间时，可以尽可能地将PWM信号的占空比调大，从而可以尽可能地降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，减少电压波峰与电压波谷的压差，进而有效减少脉冲充电时电池电压的波动值，可以便于电池电压采集单元采集到电池的电压波峰值。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图1A所示，电源适配器1可采用反激式开关电源。具体而言，变压器103包括初级绕组和次级绕组，初级绕组的一端与第一整流单元101的第一输出端相连，第一整流单元101的第二输出端接地，初级绕组的另一端与开关单元102相连(例如，该开关单元102为MOS管，则此处是指初级绕组的另一端与MOS管的漏极相连)，变压器103用于根据调制后的第一脉动波形的电压输出第二脉动波形的电压。
其中，变压器103为高频变压器，其工作频率可以为50KHz-2MHz，高频变压器将调制后的第一脉动波形的电压耦合到次级，由次级绕组进行输出。在本发明的实施例中，采用高频变压器，可以利用高频变压器相较于低频变压器(低频变压器又被称为工频变压器，主要用于指市电的频率,比如，50Hz或者60Hz的交流电)体积小的特点，从而能够实现电源适配器1的小型化。
根据本发明的一个实施例，如图1B所示，上述电源适配器1还可采用正激式开关电源。具体而言，变压器103包括第一绕组、第二绕组和第三绕组，第一绕组的同名端通过一个反向二极管与第一整流单元101的第二输出端相连，第一绕组的异名端与第二绕组的同名端相连后与第一整流单元101的第一输出端相连，第二绕组的异名端与开关单元102相连，第三绕组与第二整流单元104相连。其中，反向二极管起到反削峰作用，第一绕组产生的感应电动势通过反向二极管可以对反电动势进行限幅，并把限幅能量返回给第一整流单元的输出，对第一整流单元的输出进行充电，并且流过第一绕组中的电流产生的磁场可以使变压器的铁芯退磁，使变压器铁芯中的磁场强度恢复到初始状态。变压器103用于根据调制后的第一脉动波形的电压输出第二脉动波形的电压。
根据本发明的一个实施例，如图1C所示，上述电源适配器1还可采用推挽式开关电源。具体而言，所述变压器包括第一绕组、第二绕组、第三绕组和第四绕组，所述第一绕组的同名端与所述开关单元相连，所述第一绕组的异名端与所述第二绕组的同名端相连后与所述第一整流单元的第一输出端相连，所述第二绕组的异名端与所述开关单 元相连，所述第三绕组的异名端与所述第四绕组的同名端相连，所述变压器用于根据调制后的所述第一脉动波形的电压输出第二脉动波形的电压。
如图1C所示，开关单元102包括第一MOS管Q1和第二MOS管Q2，变压器103包括第一绕组、第二绕组、第三绕组和第四绕组，第一绕组的同名端与开关单元102中的第一MOS管Q1的漏极相连，第一绕组的异名端与第二绕组的同名端相连，且第一绕组的异名端与第二绕组的同名端之间的节点与第一整流单元101的第一输出端相连，第二绕组的异名端与开关单元102中的第二MOS管Q2的漏极相连，第一MOS管Q1的源极与第二MOS管Q2的源极相连后与第一整流单元101的第二输出端相连，第三绕组的同名端与第二整流单元104的第一输入端相连，第三绕组的异名端与第四绕组的同名端相连，且第三绕组的异名端与第四绕组的同名端之间的节点接地，第四绕组的异名端与第二整流单元104的第二输入端相连。
如图1C所示，第二整流单元104的第一输入端与第三绕组的同名端相连，第二整流单元104的第二输入端与第四绕组的异名端相连，第二整流单元104用于对所述第二脉动波形的电压进行整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压。第二整流单元104可包括两个二极管，一个二极管的阳极与第三绕组的同名端相连，另一个二极管的阳极与第四绕组的异名端相连，两个二极管的阴极连接到一起。
根据本发明的一个实施例，如图1D所示，上述电源适配器1还可采用半桥式开关电源。具体而言，开关单元102包括第一MOS管Q1、第二MOS管Q2和第一电容C1、第二电容C2，第一电容C1与第二电容C2串联后并联在第一整流单元101的输出端，第一MOS管Q1与第二MOS管Q2串联后并联在第一整流单元101的输出端，变压器103包括第一绕组、第二绕组、第三绕组，第一绕组的同名端与串联的第一电容C1和第二电容C2之间的节点相连，第一绕组的异名端与串联的第一MOS管Q1和第二MOS管Q2之间的节点相连，第二绕组的同名端与第二整流单元104的第一输入端相连，第二绕组的异名端与第三绕组的同名端相连后接地，第三绕组的异名端与第二整流单元104的第二输入端相连。变压器103用于根据调制后的所述第一脉动波形的电压输出第二脉动波形的电压。
根据本发明的一个实施例，如图1E所示，上述电源适配器1还可采用全桥式开关电源。具体而言，开关单元102包括第一MOS管Q1、第二MOS管Q2和第三MOS管Q3、第四MOS管Q4，第三MOS管Q3与第四MOS管Q4串联后并联在第一整流单元101的输出端，第一MOS管Q1与第二MOS管Q2串联后并联在第一整流单元101的输出端，变压器103包括第一绕组、第二绕组、第三绕组，第一绕组的同名端与串联的第三MOS管Q3与第四MOS管Q4之间的节点相连，第一绕组的异名端与串联 的第一MOS管Q1和第二MOS管Q2之间的节点相连，第二绕组的同名端与第二整流单元104的第一输入端相连，第二绕组的异名端与第三绕组的同名端相连后接地，第三绕组的异名端与第二整流单元104的第二输入端相连。变压器103用于根据调制后的所述第一脉动波形的电压输出第二脉动波形的电压。
因此，在本发明的实施例中，上述电源适配器1可采用反激式开关电源、正激式开关电源、推挽式开关电源、半桥式开关电源和全桥式开关电源中的任意一种来输出脉动波形的电压。
进一步地，如图1A所示，第二整流单元104与变压器103的次级绕组相连，第二整流单元104用于对第二脉动波形的电压进行整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压。其中，第二整流单元104可由二极管构成，实现次级同步整流，从而第三脉动波形与调制后的第一脉动波形保持同步，需要说明的是，第三脉动波形与调制后的第一脉动波形保持同步，具体是指第三脉动波形的相位与调制后的第一脉动波形的相位保持一致，第三脉动波形的幅值与调制后的第一脉动波形的幅值变化趋势保持一致。第一充电接口105与第二整流单元104相连，采样单元106用于对第二整流单元104输出的电压和/或电流进行采样以获得电压采样值和/或电流采样值，控制单元107分别与采样单元106和开关单元102相连，控制单元107输出控制信号至开关单元102，并根据电压采样值和/或电流采样值对控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使该第二整流单元104输出的第三脉动波形的电压满足充电需求。
如图1A所示，终端2包括第二充电接口201和电池202，第二充电接口201与电池202相连，其中，当第二充电接口201与第一充电接口105连接时，第二充电接口201将第三脉动波形的电压加载至电池202，实现对电池202的充电。
其中，需要说明的是，第三脉动波形的电压满足充电需求，是指第三脉动波形的电压和电流需满足电池充电时的充电电压和充电电流。也就是说，控制单元107根据采样到的电源适配器输出的电压和/或电流来调节控制信号例如PWM信号的占空比，实时地调整第二整流单元104的输出，实现闭环调节控制，从而使得第三脉动波形的电压满足终端2的充电需求，保证电池202被安全可靠地充电，具体通过PWM信号的占空比来调节输出到电池202的充电电压波形如图3所示，通过PWM信号的占空比来调节输出到电池202的充电电流波形如图4所示。
可以理解的是，在对PWM信号的占空比进行调节时，可根据电压采样值、也可根据电流采样值、或者根据电压采样值和电流采样值来生成调节指令。
因此，在本发明的实施例中，通过控制开关单元102，直接对整流后的第一脉动波形的电压即馒头波电压进行PWM斩波调制，送到高频变压器，通过高频变压器从初 级耦合到次级，然后经过同步整流后还原成馒头波电压/电流，直接输送到电池，实现对电池的快速充电。其中，馒头波的电压幅值，可通过PWM信号的占空比进行调节，实现电源适配器的输出满足电池的充电需求。由此可知，本发明实施例的电源适配器，取消初级、次级的电解电容器，通过馒头波电压直接对电池充电，从而可以减小电源适配器的体积，实现电源适配器的小型化，并可大大降低成本。
其中，在本发明的一个具体示例中，控制单元107可以为MCU(Micro Controller Unit，微控制处理器)，即可以是集成有开关驱动控制功能、同步整流功能、电压电流调节控制功能的微处理器。
根据本发明的一个实施例，控制单元107还用于根据电压采样值和/或电流采样值对控制信号的频率进行调节，即可控制输出至开关单元102的PWM信号持续输出一段时间后再停止输出，停止预定时间后再次开启PWM信号的输出，这样使得加载至电池的电压是断续的，实现电池断续充电，从而可避免电池连续充电时发热严重而导致的安全隐患，提高了电池充电可靠性和安全性。
对于锂电池而言，在低温条件下，由于锂电池自身离子和电子导电能力的下降，充电过程中容易引起极化程度的加剧，持续充电的方式会使得这种极化表现的愈加明显，同时也增加了析锂形成的可能性，从而影响电池的安全性能。并且，持续的充电会引起由于充电而形成热的不断积累，造成电池内部温度的不断上升，当温度超过一定限值时，会使得电池性能的发挥受到限制，同时增加了安全隐患。
而在本发明的实施例中，通过对控制信号的频率进行调节，使得电源适配器间断性输出，即相当于在电池充电的过程中引入电池静置过程，能够缓解持续充电中可能由极化引起的析锂现象，并且减弱生成热的持续积累的影响，达到降温的效果，保证电池充电的可靠和安全。
其中，输出至开关单元102的控制信号可如图5A所示，先持续一段时间输出PWM信号，然后停止输出一段时间，再持续一段时间输出PWM信号，实现输出至开关单元102的控制信号是间隔的，并且频率可调。
如图1A所示，控制单元107与第一充电接口105相连，控制单元107还用于通过第一充电接口105与终端2进行通信以获取终端2的状态信息。这样，控制单元107还用于根据终端的状态信息、电压采样值和/或电流采样值对控制信号例如PWM信号的占空比进行调节。
其中，终端的状态信息可包括所述电池的电量、所述电池的温度、所述电池的电压、所述终端的接口信息、所述终端的通路阻抗的信息等。
具体而言，第一充电接口105包括：电源线和数据线，电源线用于为电池充电，数据 线用于与终端进行通信。当第二充电接口201与第一充电接口105连接时，电源适配器1与终端2之间可相互发送通信询问指令，并在接收到相应的应答指令后，电源适配器1与终端2之间建立通信连接，控制单元107可以获取到终端2的状态信息，从而与终端2协商充电模式和充电参数(如充电电流、充电电压)，并对充电过程进行控制。
其中，电源适配器和/或终端支持的充电模式可以包括第二充电模式和第一充电模式。第一充电模式的充电速度大于第二充电模式的充电速度(例如，第一充电模式的充电电流大于第二充电模式的充电电流)。一般而言，第二充电模式可以理解为额定输出电压为5V，额定输出电流小于等于2.5A的充电模式，此外，在第二充电模式下，电源适配器输出端口数据线中的D+和D-可以短路。而本发明实施例中的第一充电模式则不同，本发明实施例的第一充电模式下电源适配器可以利用数据线中的D+和D-与终端进行通信以实现数据交换，即电源适配器与终端之间可相互发送快速充电指令：电源适配器向终端发送快速充电询问指令，在接收到终端的快速充电应答指令后，根据终端的应答指令，电源适配器获取到终端的状态信息，开启第一充电模式，第一充电模式下的充电电流可以大于2.5A，例如，可以达到4.5A，甚至更大。但本发明实施例对第二充电模式不作具体限定，只要电源适配器支持两种充电模式，其中一种充电模式的充电速度(或电流)大于另一种充电模式的充电速度，则充电速度较慢的充电模式就可以理解为第二充电模式。相对充电功率而言，第一充电模式下的充电功率可大于等于15W。
即言，控制单元107通过第一充电接口105与终端2进行通信以确定充电模式，其中，充电模式包括第一充电模式和第二充电模式。
具体地说，所述电源适配器与终端通过通用串行总线(Universal Serial Bus，USB)接口相连，该USB接口可以是普通的USB接口，也可以是micro USB接口，还可以是其他类型的USB接口。USB接口中的数据线即第一充电接口中的数据线用于所述电源适配器和所述终端进行双向通信，该数据线可以是USB接口中的D+线和/或D-线，所谓双向通信可以指电源适配器和终端双方进行信息的交互。
其中，所述电源适配器通过所述USB接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电。
需要说明的是，在电源适配器与终端协商是否采用第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，电源适配器可以仅与终端保持连接状态，不充电，也可以采用第二充电模式为终端充电，还可以采用小电流为终端充电，本发明实施例对此不作具体限定。
所述电源适配器将充电电流调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，为所述终端充电。电源适配器确定采用第一充电模式为终端充电之后，可以直接将充电电流调 整至第一充电模式对应的充电电流，也可以与终端协商第一充电模式的充电电流，例如，根据终端中的电池的当前电量来确定第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
在本发明实施例中，电源适配器并非盲目地增大输出电流进行快速充电，而是需要与终端进行双向通信，协商是否可以采用第一充电模式，与现有技术相比，提升了快速充电过程的安全性。
可选地，作为一个实施例，控制单元107通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信以确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电时，所述控制单元向所述终端发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述终端是否开启所述第一充电模式；所述控制单元从所述终端接收所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端同意开启所述第一充电模式。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述控制单元向所述终端发送所述第一指令之前，所述电源适配器与所述终端之间通过所述第二充电模式充电，并在所述控制单元确定所述第二充电模式的充电时长大于预设阈值后，向所述终端发送所述第一指令。
应理解，当电源适配器确定所述第二充电模式的充电时长大于预设阈值后，电源适配器可以认为终端已经识别自己为电源适配器，可以开启快充询问通信了。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述电源适配器确定采用大于或等于预设的电流阈值的充电电流充电预设时长后，向所述终端发送所述第一指令。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述控制单元还用于通过控制所述开关单元以控制所述电源适配器将充电电流调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，并在所述电源适配器以所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流为所述终端充电之前，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压，并控制所述电源适配器将充电电压调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压时，所述控制单元向所述终端发送第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述电源适配器的当前输出电压是否适合作为所述第一充电模式的充电电压；所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述电源适配器的当前输出电压合适、偏高或偏低；所述控制单元根据所述第二指令的回复指令，确定所述第一充电模式的充电电压。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述控制单元在控制所述电源适配器将充电电流调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流之前，还通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终 端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流时，所述控制单元向所述终端发送第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；所述控制单元根据所述第三指令的回复指令，确定所述第一充电模式的充电电流。
电源适配器可以直接将上述最大充电电流确定为第一充电模式的充电电流，或者将充电电流设置为小于该最大充电电流的某一电流值。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述控制单元还通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以通过控制所述开关单元不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
电源适配器可以不断询问终端的当前状态信息，如询问终端的电池电压、电池电量等，从而不断调整电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以通过控制所述开关单元不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流时，所述控制单元向所述终端发送第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压；所述控制单元根据所述电池的当前电压，通过控制所述开关单元以调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述控制单元根据所述电池的当前电压，以及预设的电池电压值和充电电流值的对应关系，通过控制所述开关单元以将所述电源适配器输出至电池的的充电电流调整至所述电池的当前电压对应的充电电流值。
具体地，电源适配器可以预先存储电池电压值和充电电流值的对应关系，电源适配器也可通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，从终端侧获取到存储在终端内的电池电压值和充电电流值的对应关系。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述控制单元还通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良，其中，当确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良时，所述控制单元控制所述电源适配器退出所述第一充电模式。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良之前，所述控制单元还用于从所述终端接收用于指示所述终端的通路阻抗的信息，其中，所述控制单元向所述终端发送第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池 的电压；所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的电压；所述控制单元根据所述电源适配器的输出电压和所述电池的电压，确定所述电源适配器到所述电池的通路阻抗；所述控制单元根据所述电源适配器到所述电池的通路阻抗、所述终端的通路阻抗，以及所述电源适配器和所述终端之间的充电线线路的通路阻抗，确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
终端可以预先记录其通路阻抗，例如，同一型号的终端由于结构一样，在出厂设置时，将该终端的通路阻抗设置为同一值。同理，电源适配器可以预先记录充电线路的通路阻抗。当电源适配器获取到终端的电池两端的电压时，就可以根据电源适配器到电池两端的压降以及通路的电流，确定整个通路的通路阻抗，当整个通路的通路阻抗>终端的通路阻抗+充电线路的通路阻抗，或整个通路的通路阻抗-(终端的通路阻抗+充电线路的通路阻抗)>阻抗阈值时，可认为所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述电源适配器退出所述第一充电模式之前，所述控制单元还向所述终端发送第五指令，所述第五指令用于指示所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良。
电源适配器发送完第五指令，可以退出第一充电模式或进行复位。
以上从电源适配器的角度详细描述了根据本发明实施例的快速充电过程，下面将从终端的角度描述根据本发明实施例的快速充电过程。
应理解，终端侧描述的电源适配器与终端的交互及相关特性、功能等与电源适配器侧的描述相应，为了简洁，适当省略重复的描述。
根据本发明的一个实施例，如图13所示，终端2还包括充电控制开关203和控制器204，充电控制开关203例如电子开关器件构成的开关电路连接在第二充电接口201与电池202之间，充电控制开关203在控制器204的控制下用于关断或开通电池202的充电过程，这样也可以从终端侧来控制电池202的充电过程，保证电池202充电的安全可靠。
并且，如图14所示，终端2还包括通信单元205，通信单元205用于通过第二充电接口201和第一充电接口105建立控制器204与控制单元107之间的双向通信。即终端2与电源适配器1可通过USB接口中的数据线进行双向通信，所述终端2支持第二充电模式和第一充电模式，其中所述第一充电模式的充电电流大于所述第二充电模式的充电电流，所述通信单元205与所述控制单元107进行双向通信以便所述电源适配器1确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端2充电，以使所述控制单元107控制所述电源适配器1按照所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流进行输出，为所述终端2内的电池202充电。
本发明实施例中，电源适配器1并非盲目地增大输出电流进行快速充电，而是需要与终端2进行双向通信，协商是否可以采用第一充电模式，与现有技术相比，提升了快速充电过程的安全性。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述控制器通过通信单元接收所述控制单元发送的第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述终端是否开启所述第一充电模式；所述控制器通过通信单元向所述控制单元发送所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端同意开启所述第一充电模式。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述控制器通过通信单元接收所述控制单元发送的第一指令之前，所述电源适配器通过所述第二充电模式为所述终端内的电池充电，所述控制单元在确定所述第二充电模式的充电时长大于预设阈值后，所述控制单元向终端内的通信单元发送所述第一指令，所述控制器通过通信单元接收所述控制单元发送的所述第一指令。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述电源适配器按照所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流进行输出，以为所述终端内的电池充电之前，所述控制器通过通信单元与所述控制单元进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述电源适配器的当前输出电压是否适合作为所述第一充电模式的充电电压；所述控制器向所述控制单元发送所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述电源适配器的当前输出电压合适、偏高或偏低。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述控制器通过与所述控制单元进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
其中，所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；所述控制器向所述控制单元发送所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池当前支持的最大充电电流，以便所述电源适配器根据所述最大充电电流确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述控制器通过与所述控制单元进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
其中，所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；所述控制器向所述控制单元发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压，以便所述电源适配器根据所述电池的当前电压，不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电 的过程中，所述控制器通过通信单元与所述控制单元进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
其中，所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；所述控制器向所述控制单元发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压，以便所述控制单元根据所述电源适配器的输出电压和所述电池的当前电压，确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第五指令，所述第五指令用于指示所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良。
为了开启和使用第一充电模式，电源适配器可以与终端进行快充通信流程，经过一次或多次握手协商，实现电池的快速充电。下面结合图6，详细描述本发明实施例的快充通信流程，以及快充过程包括的各个阶段。应理解，图6示出的通信步骤或操作仅是示例，本发明实施例还可以执行其它操作或者图6中的各种操作的变形。此外，图6中的各个阶段可以按照与图6呈现的不同的顺序来执行，并且也可能并非要执行图6中的全部操作。其中，需要说明的是，图6中的曲线是充电电流的峰值或平均值的变化趋势，并非是实际充电电流曲线。
如图6所示，快充过程可以包含五个阶段：
阶段1：
终端与电源提供装置连接后，终端可以通过数据线D+、D-检测电源提供装置的类型，当检测到电源提供装置为电源适配器时，则终端吸收的电流可以大于预设的电流阈值I2(例如可以是1A)。当电源适配器检测到预设时长(例如，可以是连续T1时间)内电源适配器输出电流大于或等于I2时，则电源适配器认为终端对于电源提供装置的类型识别已经完成，电源适配器开启适配器与终端之间的握手通信，电源适配器发送指令1(对应于上述第一指令)询问终端是否开启第一充电模式(或称为闪充)。
当电源适配器收到终端的回复指令指示终端不同意开启第一充电模式时，则再次检测电源适配器的输出电流，当电源适配器的输出电流在预设的连续时长内(例如，可以是连续T1时间)仍然大于或等于I2时，再次发起请求询问终端是否开启第一充电模式，重复阶段1的上述步骤，直到终端答复同意开启第一充电模式，或电源适配器的输出电流不再满足大于或等于I2的条件。
当终端同意开启第一充电模式后，快充充电过程开启，快充通信流程进入第2阶段。
阶段2：
电源适配器输出的馒头波电压可以包括多个档位，电源适配器向终端发送指令2(对应于上述第二指令)询问终端电源适配器的输出电压是否匹配电池当前电压(或是否合适，即是否适合作为第一充电模式下的充电电压)，即是否满足充电需求。
终端答复电源适配器的输出电压偏高或偏低或匹配，如电源适配器接收到终端关于适配器的输出电压偏高或偏低的反馈时，则控制单元通过调节PWM信号的占空比将电源适配器的输出电压调整一格档位，并再次向终端发送指令2，重新询问终端电源适配器的输出电压是否匹配。
重复阶段2以上步骤直到终端答复电源适配器其输出电压处于匹配档位后，进入第3阶段。
阶段3：
当电源适配器收到终端答复电源适配器的输出电压匹配的反馈后，电源适配器向终端发送指令3(对应于上述第三指令)，询问终端当前支持的最大充电电流，终端答复电源适配器其当前支持的最大充电电流值，并进入第4阶段。
阶段4：
电源适配器接收终端答复的当前支持的最大充电电流值的反馈后，电源适配器可以设置其输出电流基准值，控制单元107根据该电流基准值调节PWM信号的占空比，使得电源适配器的输出电流满足终端充电电流需求，即进入恒流阶段，这里的恒流阶段是指电源适配器的输出电流峰值或平均值基本保持不变(也就是说输出电流峰值或平均值的变化幅度很小，比如在输出电流峰值或平均值的5％范围内变化)，即第三脉动波形的电流峰值在每个周期保持恒定。
阶段5：
当进入电流恒定变化阶段时，电源适配器每间隔一段时间发送指令4(对应于上述第四指令)，询问终端电池的当前电压，终端可以向电源适配器反馈终端电池的当前电压，电源适配器可以根据终端关于终端电池的当前电压的反馈，判断USB接触即第一充电接口与第二充电接口之间接触是否良好以及是否需要降低终端当前的充电电流值。当电源适配器判断为USB接触不良，发送指令5(对应于上述第五指令)，之后复位以重新进入阶段1。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段1中，终端回复指令1时，指令1对应的数据中可以附带该终端的通路阻抗的数据(或信息)，终端通路阻抗数据可以用于在阶段5判断USB接触是否良好。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段2中，从终端同意启动第一充电模式，到电源适配器将电压调整到合适值的时间可以控制在一定范围之内，该时间超出预定范围则 终端可以判定为请求异常，进行快速复位。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段2中，可以在电源适配器的输出电压调整到相较于电池当前电压高于ΔV(ΔV约为200～500mV)时，终端对电源适配器作出关于电源适配器的输出电压合适/匹配的反馈。其中，在终端对电源适配器作出关于电源适配器的输出电压不合适(即偏高或偏低)的反馈时，控制单元107根据电压采样值对PWM信号的占空比进行调节，从而对电源适配器的输出电压进行调整。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段4中，电源适配器的输出电流值的大小调整速度可以控制一定范围之内，这样可以避免由于调整速度过快导致快充异常中断。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段5中，电源适配器的输出电流值的大小的变化幅度可以控制在5％以内，即可以认定为恒流阶段。
可选地，在一些实施例中，在阶段5中，电源适配器实时监测充电回路阻抗，即通过测量电源适配器的输出电压、当前充电电流及读取的终端电池电压，监测整个充电回路阻抗。当测出充电回路阻抗>终端通路阻抗+快充数据线阻抗时，可以认为USB接触不良，进行快充复位。
可选地，在一些实施例中，开启第一充电模式之后，电源适配器与终端之间的通信时间间隔可以控制在一定范围之内，避免出现快充复位。
可选地，在一些实施例中，第一充电模式(或快速充电过程)的停止可以分为可恢复的停止和不可恢复的停止两种：
例如，当终端检测到电池充满或USB接触不良时，快充停止并复位，进入阶段1，终端不同意开启第一充电模式，快充通信流程不进入阶段2，此时停止的快充过程可以为不可恢复的停止。
又例如，当终端和电源适配器之间出现通信异常时，快充停止并复位以进入阶段1，在满足阶段1要求后，终端同意开启第一充电模式以恢复快充充电过程，此时停止的快充过程可以为可恢复的停止。
还例如，当终端检测到电池出现异常时，快充停止并复位以进入阶段1，在进入阶段1后，终端不同意开启第一充电模式。直到电池恢复正常，且满足阶段1要求后，终端同意开启快充以恢复快充过程，此时停止的快充过程可以为可恢复的停止。
需要特别说明地，以上对图6示出的通信步骤或操作仅是示例，举例来说，在阶段1中，终端与适配器进行连接后，终端与适配器之间的握手通信也可以由终端发起，即终端发送指令1询问适配器是否开启第一充电模式(或称为闪充)，当终端接收到电源适配器的回复指令指示电源适配器同意开启第一充电模式时，快速充电过程开启。
需要特别说明地，以上对图6示出的通信步骤或操作仅是示例，举例来说，在阶 段5之后，还可包括一恒压充电阶段，即，在阶段5中，终端可以向电源适配器反馈终端电池的当前电压，随着终端电池的电压不断上升，当所述终端电池的当前电压达到恒压充电电压阈值时，充电转入恒压充电阶段，控制单元107根据该电压基准值(即恒压充电电压阈值)调节PWM信号的占空比，使得电源适配器的输出电压满足终端充电电压需求，即基本保持电压恒定变化，在恒压充电阶段中，充电电流逐渐减小，当电流下降至某一阈值时停止充电，此时标识电池已经被充满。其中，这里的恒压充电指的是第三脉动波形的峰值电压基本保持恒定。
可以理解的是，在本发明的实施例中，获取电源适配器的输出电压是指获取的是第三脉动波形的峰值电压或电压平均值，获取电源适配器的输出电流是指获取的是第三脉动波形的峰值电流或电流平均值。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图7A所示，电源适配器1还包括：串联的可控开关108和滤波单元109，串联的可控开关108和滤波单元109与第二整流单元104的第一输出端相连，其中，控制单元107还用于在确定充电模式为第二充电模式时，控制可控开关108闭合，以及在确定充电模式为第一充电模式时，控制可控开关108断开。并且，在第二整流单元104的输出端还并联一组或多组小电容，不仅可以起到降噪作用，还可以减少浪涌现象的发生。或者，在第二整流单元104的输出端还可连接有LC滤波电路或π型滤波电路，以滤除纹波干扰。其中，如图7B所示，在第二整流单元104的输出端连接有LC滤波电路。需要说明的是，LC滤波电路或π型滤波电路中的电容都是小电容，占用空间很小。
其中，滤波单元109包括滤波电容，该滤波电容可支持5V的标充，即对应第二充电模式，可控开关108可由半导体开关器件例如MOS管构成。电源适配器采用第二充电模式(或称标充)对终端中的电池进行充电时，控制单元107控制可控开关108闭合，将滤波单元109接入电路，从而可以对第二整流单元的输出进行滤波，这样可以更好地兼容直流充电技术，即将直流电加载至终端的电池，实现对电池的直流充电。例如，一般情况下，滤波单元包括并联的电解电容和普通电容即支持5V标充的小电容(如固态电容)。由于电解电容占用的体积比较大，为了减少电源适配器的尺寸，可以去掉电源适配器内的电解电容，保留一个容值较小的电容。当使用第二充电模式时，可以控制该小电容所在支路导通，对电流进行滤波，实现小功率稳定输出，对电池直流充电；当使用第一充电模式时，可以控制小电容所在支路断开，第二整流单元104的输出不经过滤波，直接输出脉动波形的电压/电流，施加到电池，实现电池快速充电。
根据本发明的一个实施例，控制单元107还用于在确定充电模式为第一充电模式时根据终端的状态信息获取第一充电模式对应的充电电流和/或充电电压，并根据第一充电模式对应的充电电流和/或充电电压对控制信号例如PWM信号的占空比进行调节。也就是说， 在确定当前充电模式为第一充电模式时，控制单元107根据获取的终端的状态信息例如电池的电压、电量、温度、终端的运行参数、以及终端上运行的应用程序的耗电信息等获取第一充电模式对应的充电电流和/或充电电压，然后根据获取的充电电流和/或充电电压来调节控制信号的占空比，使得电源适配器的输出满足充电需求，实现电池的快速充电。
其中，终端的状态信息包括电池的温度。并且，当电池的温度大于第一预设温度阈值或电池的温度小于第二预设温度阈值时，如果当前充电模式为第一充电模式，则将第一充电模式切换为第二充电模式，其中，第一预设温度阈值大于第二预设温度阈值。即言，当电池的温度过低(例如，对应小于第二预设温度阈值)或过高(例如，对应大于第一预设温度阈值)时，均不适合进行快充，所以需要将第一充电模式切换为第二充电模式。在本发明的实施例中，第一预设温度阈值和第二预设温度阈值可根据实际情况进行设定或写入控制单元(比如，电源适配器MCU)的存储中。
在本发明的一个实施例中，控制单元107还用于在电池的温度大于预设的高温保护阈值时控制开关单元102关断，即在电池的温度超过高温保护阈值时，控制单元107需要采用高温保护策略，控制开关单元102处于断开状态，使得电源适配器停止给电池充电，实现对电池的高温保护，提高了充电的安全性。所述高温保护阈值与所述第一温度阈值可以不同，也可以相同。优选地，所述高温保护阈值大于所述第一温度阈值。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，所述控制器还用于获取所述电池的温度，并在所述电池的温度大于预设的高温保护阈值时，控制所述充电控制开关关断，即通过终端侧来关断充电控制开关，从而关断电池的充电过程，保证充电安全。
并且，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述控制单元还用于获取所述第一充电接口的温度，并在所述第一充电接口的温度大于预设的保护温度时，控制所述开关单元关断。即在充电接口的温度超过一定温度时，控制单元107也需要执行高温保护策略，控制开关单元102断开，使得电源适配器停止给电池充电，实现对充电接口的高温保护，提高了充电的安全性。
当然，在本发明的另一个实施例中，所述控制器通过与所述控制单元进行双向通信以获取所述第一充电接口的温度，并在所述第一充电接口的温度大于预设的保护温度时，控制所述充电控制开关(请参阅图13和图14)关断，即通过终端侧来关断充电控制开关，关断电池的充电过程，保证充电安全。
具体地，在本发明的一个实施例中，如图8所示，电源适配器1还包括驱动单元110例如MOSFET驱动器，驱动单元110连接在开关单元102与控制单元107之间，驱动单元110用于根据控制信号驱动开关单元102的开通或关断。当然，需要说明的是，在本发明的其他实施例中，驱动单元110也可集成在控制单元107中。
并且，如图8所示，电源适配器1还包括隔离单元111，隔离单元111连接在驱动单元110与控制单元107之间，实现电源适配器1的初级和次级之间的信号隔离(或变压器103的初级绕组和次级绕组之间的信号隔离)。其中，隔离单元111可以采用光耦隔离的方式，也可采用其他隔离的方式。通过设置隔离单元111，控制单元107就可设置在电源适配器1的次级侧(或变压器103的次级绕组侧)，从而便于与终端2进行通信，使得电源适配器1的空间设计变得更为简单、容易。
当然，可以理解的是，在本发明的其他实施例中，控制单元107、驱动单元110均可以设置在初级侧，这时可在控制单元107与采样单元106之间设置隔离单元111实现电源适配器1的初级和次级之间的信号隔离。
并且，需要说明的是，在本发明的实施例中，控制单元107设置在次级侧时，需要设置隔离单元111，隔离单元111也可集成在控制单元107中。也就是说，在初级向次级传递信号或次级向初级传递信号时，通常需要设置隔离单元来进行信号隔离。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图9所示，电源适配器1还包括辅助绕组和供电单元112，辅助绕组根据调制后的第一脉动波形的电压生成第四脉动波形的电压，供电单元112与辅助绕组相连，供电单元112(例如包括滤波稳压模块、电压转换模块等)用于对第四脉动波形的电压进行转换以输出直流电，分别给驱动单元110和/或控制单元107供电。供电单元112可以是由滤波小电容、稳压芯片等器件构成，实现对第四脉动波形的电压进行处理、转换，输出3.3V或5V等低电压直流电。
也就是说，驱动单元110的供电电源可以由供电单元112对第四脉动波形的电压转换得到，控制单元107设置在初级侧时，其供电电源也可以由供电单元112对第四脉动波形的电压转换得到。其中，如图9所示，控制单元107设置在初级侧时，供电单元112提供两路直流电输出，以分别给驱动单元110和控制单元107供电，在控制单元107与采样单元106之间设置光耦隔离单元111实现电源适配器1的初级和次级之间的信号隔离。
当控制单元107设置在初级侧且集成有驱动单元110时，供电单元112单独给控制单元107供电。当控制单元107设置在次级侧、驱动单元110设置在初级侧时，供电单元112单独给驱动单元110供电，控制单元107的供电由次级提供例如通过一个供电单元将第二整流单元104输出的第三脉动波形的电压转换为直流电源来供给控制单元107。
并且，在本发明的实施例中，第一整流单元101的输出端还并联有多个小电容，起到滤波作用。或者，第一整流单元101的输出端连接有LC滤波电路。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，如图10所示，电源适配器1还包括第一电压检测单元 113，第一电压检测单元113分别与辅助绕组和控制单元107相连，第一电压检测单元113用于检测第四脉动波形的电压以生成电压检测值，其中，控制单元107还用于根据电压检测值对控制信号的占空比进行调节。
也就是说，控制单元107可根据第一电压检测单元113检测到的辅助绕组输出的电压来反映第二整流单元104输出的电压，然后根据电压检测值对控制信号的占空比进行调节，使得第二整流单元104的输出匹配电池的充电需求。
具体而言，在本发明的一个实施例中，如图11所示，采样单元106包括：第一电流采样电路1061和第一电压采样电路1062。其中，第一电流采样电路1061用于对第二整流单元104输出的电流进行采样以获得电流采样值，第一电压采样电路1062用于对第二整流单元104输出的电压进行采样以获得电压采样值。
可选地，第一电流采样电路1061可通过对连接在第二整流单元104的第一输出端的电阻(检流电阻)上的电压进行采样以实现对第二整流单元104输出的电流进行采样。第一电压采样电路1062可通过对第二整流单元104的第一输出端和第二输出端之间的电压进行采样以实现对第二整流单元104输出的电压进行采样。
并且，在本发明的一个实施例中，如图11所示，第一电压采样电路1062包括峰值电压采样保持单元、过零采样单元、泄放单元和AD采样单元。峰值电压采样保持单元用于对第三脉动波形的电压的峰值电压进行采样并保持，过零采样单元用于对第三脉动波形的电压的过零点进行采样，泄放单元用于在过零点时对峰值电压采样保持单元进行泄放，AD采样单元用于对峰值电压采样保持单元中的峰值电压进行采样以获得电压采样值。
通过在第一电压采样电路1062中设置峰值电压采样保持单元、过零采样单元、泄放单元和AD采样单元，从而能够实现对第二整流单元104输出的电压实现精确采样，并保证电压采样值能够与第一脉动波形的电压保持同步，即相位同步，幅值变化趋势保持一致。
根据本发明的一个实施例，如图12所示，电源适配器1还包括第二电压采样电路114，第二电压采样电路114用于采样第一脉动波形的电压，第二电压采样电路114与控制单元107相连，其中，在第二电压采样电路114采样到的电压值大于第一预设电压值时，控制单元107控制开关单元102开通第一预设时间以对第一脉动波形中的浪涌电压、尖峰电压等进行放电工作。
如图12所示，第二电压采样电路114可连接到第一整流单元101的第一输出端和第二输出端，实现对第一脉动波形的电压进行采样，控制单元107对第二电压采样电路114采样到的电压值进行判断，如果第二电压采样电路114采样到的电压值大于第一预设电压值，则说明电源适配器1受到雷击干扰，出现浪涌电压，此时需要把浪涌电压泄放掉，来保证充电的安全可靠，控制单元107控制开关单元102开通一段时间，形成泄放通路，将由雷 击造成的浪涌电压泄放，防止雷击对电源适配器给终端充电时造成的干扰，有效地提高终端充电时的安全可靠性。其中，第一预设电压值可根据实际情况进行标定。
在本发明的一个实施例中，在电源适配器1给终端2的电池202充电的过程中，控制单元107还用于在采样单元106采样到的电压值大于第二预设电压值时，控制开关单元102关断，即言，控制单元107还对采样单元106采样到的电压值的大小进行判断，如果采样单元106采样到的电压值大于第二预设电压值，则说明电源适配器1输出的电压过高，此时控制单元107通过控制开关单元102关断，使得电源适配器1停止给终端2的电池202充电，即，控制单元107通过控制开关单元102的关断来实现电源适配器1的过压保护，保证充电安全。
当然，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述控制器204通过与所述控制单元107进行双向通信以获取所述采样单元106采样到的电压值(图13和图14)，并在所述采样单元106采样到的电压值大于第二预设电压值时，控制所述充电控制开关203关断，即通过终端2侧来关断充电控制开关203，进而关断电池202的充电过程，保证充电安全。
并且，控制单元107还用于在采样单元106采样到的电流值大于预设电流值时，控制开关单元102关断，即言，控制单元107还对采样单元106采样到的电流值大小进行判断，如果采样单元106采样到的电流值大于预设电流值，则说明电源适配器1输出的电流过大，此时控制单元107通过控制开关单元102关断，使得电源适配器1停止给终端充电，即，控制单元107通过控制开关单元102的关断来实现电源适配器1的过流保护，保证充电安全。
同样地，所述控制器204通过与所述控制单元107进行双向通信以获取采样单元106采样到的电流值(图13和图14)，并在所述采样单元106采样到的电流值大于预设电流值时，控制所述充电控制开关203关断，即通过终端2侧来关断充电控制开关203，进而关断电池202的充电过程，保证充电安全。
其中，第二预设电压值和预设电流值均可根据实际情况进行设定或写入控制单元(比如，电源适配器1的控制单元107中，例如微控制处理器MCU)的存储中。
在本发明的实施例中，终端可以为移动终端例如手机、移动电源例如充电宝、多媒体播放器、笔记本电脑、穿戴式设备等。
根据本发明实施例的用于终端的充电系统，通过控制电源适配器输出第三脉动波形的电压，并将电源适配器输出的第三脉动波形的电压直接加载至终端的电池，从而可实现脉动的输出电压/电流直接对电池进行快速充电。其中，脉动的输出电压/电流的大小周期性变换，与传统的恒压恒流相比，能够降低锂电池的析锂现象，提高电池的使用寿命，并且还能够减少充电接口的触点的拉弧的概率和强度，提高充电接口的寿命，以及有利于降低电 池的极化效应、提高充电速度、减少电池的发热，保证终端充电时的安全可靠。此外，由于电源适配器输出的是脉动波形的电压，从而无需在电源适配器中设置电解电容，不仅可以实现电源适配器的简单化、小型化，还可大大降低成本。并且，在电源适配器对终端的电池进行脉冲充电过程中，控制单元通过调节控制信号的占空比以降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，从而减少电压波峰与电压波谷的压差，进而有效减少脉冲充电时电池电压的波动值，可以便于电池电压采集单元采集到电池的电压波峰值，这样电源适配器就可以及时地根据电池的电压波峰值调整充电状态，保证系统的安全可靠。
并且，本发明的实施例还提出了一种电源适配器，该电源适配器包括：第一整流单元，所述第一整流单元用于对输入的交流电进行整流以输出第一脉动波形的电压；开关单元，所述开关单元用于根据控制信号对所述第一脉动波形的电压进行调制；变压器，所述变压器用于根据调制后的所述第一脉动波形的电压输出第二脉动波形的电压；第二整流单元，所述第二整流单元用于对所述第二脉动波形的电压进行整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压；第一充电接口，所述第一充电接口与所述第二整流单元相连，所述第一充电接口用于在与终端的第二充电接口连接时，通过所述第二充电接口将所述第三脉动波形的电压加载至所述终端的电池，其中，所述第二充电接口与所述电池相连；控制单元，所述控制单元与所述开关单元相连，所述控制单元输出所述控制信号至所述开关单元，并对所述控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使所述第三脉动波形的电压满足所述终端的充电需求，并在所述电源适配器通过输出所述第三脉动波形的电压给所述电池充电的过程中，所述控制单元还通过调节所述控制信号的占空比以降低所述第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，以使所述终端内的电池电压采集单元采集到所述电池的电压波峰值。
根据本发明实施例的电源适配器，通过第一充电接口输出第三脉动波形的电压，并通过终端的第二充电接口将第三脉动波形的电压直接加载至终端的电池，从而可实现脉动的输出电压/电流直接对电池进行快速充电。其中，脉动的输出电压/电流的大小周期性变换，与传统的恒压恒流相比，能够降低锂电池的析锂现象，提高电池的使用寿命，并且还能够减少充电接口的触点的拉弧的概率和强度，提高充电接口的寿命，以及有利于降低电池的极化效应、提高充电速度、减少电池的发热，保证终端充电时的安全可靠。此外，由于输出的是脉动波形的电压，从而无需设置电解电容，不仅可以实现电源适配器的简单化、小型化，还可大大降低成本。并且，在对终端的电池进行脉冲充电过程中，控制单元通过调节控制信号的占空比以降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，从而减少电压波峰与电压波谷的压差，进而有效减少脉冲充电时电池电压的波动值，可以便于电池电压采集单元采集到电池的电压波峰值，这样电源适配器就可以及时地根据电池的电压波峰值调整充电状态，保证系统的安全可靠。
图15为根据本发明实施例的用于终端的充电方法的流程图。如图15所示，该用于终端的充电方法包括以下步骤：
S1，当电源适配器的第一充电接口与终端的第二充电接口连接时，对输入到电源适配器的交流电进行一次整流以输出第一脉动波形的电压。
即言，通过电源适配器中的第一整流单元对输入的交流电(即市电，例如220V、50Hz或60Hz)的交流市电进行整流，并输出第一脉动波形的电压(例如100Hz或120Hz)的馒头波电压。
S2，通过控制开关单元以对第一脉动波形的电压进行调制，并通过变压器的变换以输出第二脉动波形的电压。
其中，开关单元可由MOS管构成，通过对MOS管进行PWM控制以对馒头波电压进行斩波调制。然后，由变压器将调制后的第一脉动波形的电压耦合到次级，由次级绕组进行输出第二脉动波形的电压。
在本发明的实施例中，可采用高频变压器进行变换，这样变压器的体积可以很小，从而能够实现电源适配器大功率、小型化设计。
S3，对第二脉动波形的电压进行二次整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压，其中，可通过第二充电接口将第三脉动波形的电压加载至终端的电池，实现对终端电池的充电。
在本发明的一个实施例中，通过第二整流单元对第二脉动波形的电压进行二次整流，第二整流单元可由二极管或MOS管构成，实现次级同步整流，从而调制后的第一脉动波形与第三脉动波形保持同步。
S4，对二次整流后的电压和/或电流进行采样以获得电压采样值和/或电流采样值。
S5，根据电压采样值和/或电流采样值对控制开关单元的控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使第三脉动波形的电压满足充电需求。
需要说明的是，第三脉动波形的电压满足充电需求，是指第三脉动波形的电压和电流需满足电池充电时的充电电压和充电电流。也就是说，可根据采样到的电源适配器输出的电压和/或电流来调节控制信号例如PWM信号的占空比，实时地调整电源适配器的输出，实现闭环调节控制，从而使得第三脉动波形的电压满足终端的充电需求，保证电池安全可靠地充电，具体通过PWM信号的占空比来调节输出到电池的充电电压波形如图3所示，通过PWM信号的占空比来调节输出到电池的充电电流波形如图4所示。
因此，在本发明的实施例中，通过控制开关单元直接对全桥整流后的第一脉动波形的电压即馒头波电压进行PWM斩波调制，送到高频变压器，通过高频变压器从初级耦合到次级，然后经过同步整流后还原成馒头波电压/电流，直接输送到终端的电池， 实现电池快速充电。其中，馒头波的电压幅值，可通过PWM信号的占空比进行调节，实现电源适配器的输出满足电池的充电需求。由此可以取消电源适配器中初级、次级的电解电容器，通过馒头波电压直接对电池充电，从而可以减小电源适配器的体积，实现电源适配器的小型化，并可大大降低成本。
根据本发明的一个实施例，上述用于终端的充电方法可包括以下步骤：当电源适配器的第一充电接口与所述终端的第二充电接口连接时，对输入的交流电进行一次整流以输出第一脉动波形的电压；通过控制开关单元以对所述第一脉动波形的电压进行调制，并通过变压器的变换以输出第二脉动波形的电压；对所述第二脉动波形的电压进行二次整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压，并通过所述第二充电接口将所述第三脉动波形的电压加载至所述终端的电池；对输出至所述开关单元的控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使所述第三脉动波形的电压满足充电需求，并在所述电源适配器通过输出所述第三脉动波形的电压给所述电池充电的过程中，还通过调节所述控制信号的占空比以降低所述第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，以使所述终端采集到所述电池的电压波峰值。
也就是说，在电源适配器通过输出第三脉动波形的电压给电池充电的过程中，由于是脉冲充电，这就无法保证电池电压采集单元每次准确地采集到电池的电压波峰值，而采用脉冲充电的方式对电池充电时，充电电流中止时不会突然掉到零，而是缓慢下降的，中止的时间越短，电压变化就越小。因此，在本发明的实施例中，可通过调节控制信号的占空比以降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，从而减少电压波峰与电压波谷的压差，进而有效减少脉冲充电时电池电压的波动值，这样便于电池电压采集单元采集到电池的电压波峰值，保证了系统的安全可靠。
根据本发明的一个实施例，还根据电压采样值和/或电流采样值对控制信号的频率进行调节，即可控制输出至开关单元的PWM信号持续输出一段时间后再停止输出，停止预定时间后再次开启PWM信号的输出，这样使得加载至电池的电压是断续的，实现电池断续充电，从而可避免电池连续充电时发热严重而导致的安全隐患，提高了电池充电可靠性和安全性。其中，输出至开关单元的控制信号可如图5A所示。
进一步地，上述的用于终端的充电方法还包括：通过第一充电接口与终端进行通信以获取终端的状态信息，以根据终端的状态信息、电压采样值和/或电流采样值对控制信号的占空比进行调节。
也就是说，当第二充电接口与第一充电接口连接时，电源适配器与终端之间可相互发送通信询问指令，并在接收到相应的应答指令后，电源适配器与终端之间建立通信连接，这样可以获取到终端的状态信息，从而与终端协商充电模式和充电参数(如充电电流、充电电压)，并对充电过程进行控制。
根据本发明的一个实施例，还通过变压器的变换以生成第四脉动波形的电压，并检测第四脉动波形的电压以生成电压检测值，以根据电压检测值对控制信号的占空比进行调节。
具体而言，变压器中还可设置有辅助绕组，辅助绕组可根据调制后的第一脉动波形的电压生成第四脉动波形的电压，这样，通过检测第四脉动波形的电压可以反映电源适配器的输出电压，从而根据电压检测值对控制信号的占空比进行调节，使得电源适配器的输出匹配电池的充电需求。
在本发明的一个实施例中，对二次整流后的电压进行采样以获得电压采样值，包括：对所述二次整流后的电压的峰值电压进行采样并保持，并对所述二次整流后的电压的过零点进行采样；在所述过零点时对所述峰值电压进行采样并保持的峰值电压采样保持单元进行泄放；对所述峰值电压采样保持单元中的峰值电压进行采样以获得所述电压采样值。由此，能够实现对电源适配器输出的电压实现精确采样，并保证电压采样值能够与第一脉动波形的电压保持同步，即相位和幅值变化趋势保持一致。
进一步地，在本发明的一个实施例中，上述的用于终端的充电方法还包括：采样所述第一脉动波形的电压，并在采样到的电压值大于第一预设电压值时控制所述开关单元开通第一预设时间以对第一脉动波形中的浪涌电压进行放电工作。
通过对第一脉动波形的电压进行采样，然后对采样到的电压值进行判断，如果采样到的电压值大于第一预设电压值，则说明电源适配器受到雷击干扰，出现浪涌电压，此时需要把浪涌电压泄放掉，来保证充电的安全可靠，需要控制开关单元开通一段时间，形成泄放通路，将由雷击造成的浪涌电压泄放，防止雷击对电源适配器给终端充电时造成的干扰，有效地提高终端充电时的安全可靠性。其中，第一预设电压值可根据实际情况进行标定。
根据本发明的一个实施例，还通过第一充电接口与终端进行通信以确定充电模式，并在确定充电模式为第一充电模式时根据终端的状态信息获取第一充电模式对应的充电电流和/或充电电压，以根据第一充电模式对应的充电电流和/或充电电压对控制信号的占空比进行调节，其中，充电模式包括第一充电模式和第二充电模式。
也就是说，在确定当前充电模式为第一充电模式时，可根据获取的终端的状态信息例如电池的电压、电量、温度、终端的运行参数、以及终端上运行的应用程序的耗电信息等获取第一充电模式对应的充电电流和/或充电电压，然后根据获取的充电电流和/或充电电压来调节控制信号的占空比，使得电源适配器的输出满足充电需求，实现电池的快速充电。
其中，终端的状态信息包括电池的温度。并且，当所述电池的温度大于第一预设温度阈值或所述电池的温度小于第二预设温度阈值时，如果当前充电模式为第一充电模式，则将第一充电模式切换为第二充电模式，其中，所述第一预设温度阈值大于所述第二预设温度阈值。即言，当电池的温度过低(例如，对应小于第二预设温度阈值)或过高(例如， 对应大于第一预设温度阈值)时，均不适合进行快充，所以需要将第一充电模式切换为第二充电模式。在本发明的实施例中，第一预设温度阈值和第二预设温度阈值可根据实际情况进行标定。
在本发明的一个实施例中，当所述电池的温度大于预设的高温保护阈值时，控制所述开关单元关断，即在电池的温度超过高温保护阈值时，需要采用高温保护策略，控制开关单元断开，使得电源适配器停止给电池充电，实现对电池的高温保护，提高了充电的安全性。所述高温保护阈值与所述第一温度阈值可以不同，也可以相同。优选地，所述高温保护阈值大于所述第一温度阈值。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，所述终端还获取所述电池的温度，并在所述电池的温度大于预设的高温保护阈值时，控制所述电池停止充电，即可以通过终端侧来关断充电控制开关，从而关断电池的充电过程，保证充电安全。
并且，在本发明的一个实施例中，该用于终端的充电方法还包括：获取所述第一充电接口的温度，并在所述第一充电接口的温度大于预设的保护温度时，控制所述开关单元关断。即在充电接口的温度超过一定温度时，控制单元也需要执行高温保护策略，控制开关单元断开，使得电源适配器停止给电池充电，实现对充电接口的高温保护，提高了充电的安全性。
当然，在本发明的另一个实施例中，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信以获取所述第一充电接口的温度，并在所述第一充电接口的温度大于预设的保护温度时，控制所述电池停止充电。即可以通过终端侧来关断充电控制开关，从而关断电池的充电过程，保证充电安全。
并且，在电源适配器给终端充电的过程中，当电压采样值大于第二预设电压值时，控制开关单元关断。即言，在电源适配器给终端充电的过程中，还对电压采样值的大小进行判断，如果电压采样值大于第二预设电压值，则说明电源适配器输出的电压过高，此时通过控制开关单元关断，使得电源适配器停止给终端充电，即，通过控制开关单元的关断来实现电源适配器的过压保护，保证充电安全。
当然，在本发明的一个实施例中，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信以获取所述电压采样值，并在所述电压采样值大于第二预设电压值时，控制所述电池停止充电，即可以通过终端侧来关断充电控制开关，从而关断电池的充电过程，保证充电安全。
在本发明的一个实施例中，在电源适配器给终端充电的过程中，当所述电流采样值大于预设电流值时，控制所述开关单元关断。即言，在电源适配器给终端充电的过程中，还对电流采样值的大小进行判断，如果电流采样值大于预设电流值，则说明电源适配器输出 的电流过大，此时通过控制开关单元关断，使得电源适配器停止给终端充电，即，通过控制开关单元的关断来实现电源适配器的过流保护，保证充电安全。
同样地，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信以获取所述电流采样值，并在所述电流采样值大于预设电流值时，控制所述电池停止充电，即可以通过终端侧来关断充电控制开关，从而关断电池的充电过程，保证充电安全。
其中，第二预设电压值和预设电流值均可根据实际情况进行标定。
在本发明的实施例中，所述终端的状态信息可包括所述电池的电量、所述电池的温度、所述终端的电压/电流、所述终端的接口信息、所述终端的通路阻抗的信息等。
具体地说，所述电源适配器与终端可通过USB接口相连，该USB接口可以是普通的USB接口，也可以是micro USB接口。USB接口中的数据线即第一充电接口中的数据线用于所述电源适配器和所述终端进行双向通信，该数据线可以是USB接口中的D+线和/或D-线，所谓双向通信可以指电源适配器和终端双方进行信息的交互。
其中，所述电源适配器通过所述USB接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述电源适配器通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信以确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电时，所述电源适配器向所述终端发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述终端是否开启所述第一充电模式；所述电源适配器从所述终端接收所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端同意开启所述第一充电模式。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述电源适配器向所述终端发送所述第一指令之前，所述电源适配器与所述终端之间通过所述第二充电模式充电，并在确定所述第二充电模式的充电时长大于预设阈值后，所述电源适配器向所述终端发送所述第一指令。
可以理解的是，当电源适配器确定所述第二充电模式的充电时长大于预设阈值后，电源适配器可以认为终端已经识别自己为电源适配器，可以开启快充询问通信了。
可选地，作为一个实施例，还通过控制所述开关单元以控制所述电源适配器将充电电流调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，并在所述电源适配器以所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流为所述终端充电之前，通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压，并控制所述电源适配器将充电电压调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压，包括：所述电源适配器向所述终端发送第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述电源适配器的当前输出电压是否适合作为所述第一充电模式的 充电电压；所述电源适配器接收所述终端发送的所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述电源适配器的当前输出电压合适、偏高或偏低；所述电源适配器根据所述第二指令的回复指令，确定所述第一充电模式的充电电压。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在控制所述电源适配器将充电电流调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流之前，还通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，包括：所述电源适配器向所述终端发送第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；所述电源适配器接收所述终端发送的所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；所述电源适配器根据所述第三指令的回复指令，确定所述第一充电模式的充电电流。
电源适配器可以直接将上述最大充电电流确定为第一充电模式的充电电流，或者将充电电流设置为小于该最大充电电流的某一电流值。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，还通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以通过控制所述开关单元不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
其中，电源适配器可以不断询问终端的当前状态信息，从而不断调整充电电流，如询问终端的电池电压、电池电量等。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以通过控制所述开关单元不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流，包括：所述电源适配器向所述终端发送第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；所述电源适配器接收所述终端发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压；根据所述电池的当前电压，通过控制所述开关单元以调整所述充电电流。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述根据所述电池的当前电压，通过控制所述开关单元以调整所述充电电流，包括：根据所述电池的当前电压，以及预设的电池电压值和充电电流值的对应关系，通过控制所述开关单元以将所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流调整至所述电池的当前电压对应的充电电流值。
具体地，电源适配器可以预先存储电池电压值和充电电流值的对应关系。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，还通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电接口 与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良，其中，当确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良时，控制所述电源适配器退出所述第一充电模式。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良之前，所述电源适配器从所述终端接收用于指示所述终端的通路阻抗的信息，其中，所述电源适配器向所述终端发送第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的电压；所述电源适配器接收所述终端发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的电压；根据所述电源适配器的输出电压和所述电池的电压，确定所述电源适配器到所述电池的通路阻抗；以及根据所述电源适配器到所述电池的通路阻抗、所述终端的通路阻抗，以及所述电源适配器和所述终端之间的充电线线路的通路阻抗，确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在控制所述电源适配器退出所述第一充电模式之前，还向所述终端发送第五指令，所述第五指令用于指示所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良。
电源适配器发送完第五指令，可以退出第一充电模式或进行复位。
以上从电源适配器的角度详细描述了根据本发明实施例的快速充电过程，下面将从终端的角度描述根据本发明实施例的快速充电过程。
在本发明的实施例中，所述终端支持第二充电模式和第一充电模式，其中所述第一充电模式的充电电流大于所述第二充电模式的充电电流，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信以便所述电源适配器确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电，其中，所述电源适配器按照所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流进行输出，为所述终端内的电池充电。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信以便所述电源适配器确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电，包括：所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述终端是否开启所述第一充电模式；所述终端向所述电源适配器发送所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端同意开启所述第一充电模式。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第一指令之前，所述终端与所述电源适配器之间通过所述第二充电模式充电，所述电源适配器在确定所述第二充电模式的充电时长大于预设阈值后，所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的所述第一指令。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述电源适配器按照所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流进行输出，以为所述终端内的电池充电之前，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适 配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压，包括：所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述电源适配器的当前输出电压是否适合作为所述第一充电模式的充电电压；所述终端向所述电源适配器发送所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述电源适配器的当前输出电压合适、偏高或偏低。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述终端从所述电源适配器接收所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，为所述终端内的电池充电之前，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
其中，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，包括：所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；所述终端向所述电源适配器发送所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流，以便所述电源适配器根据所述最大充电电流确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
其中，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流，包括：所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；所述终端向所述电源适配器发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压，以便根据所述电池的当前电压，不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
可选地，作为一个实施例，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
其中，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良，包括：所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；所述终端向所述电源适配器发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令 用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压，以便所述电源适配器根据所述电源适配器的输出电压和所述电池的当前电压，确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
可选地，作为一个实施例，所述终端还接收所述电源适配器发送的第五指令，所述第五指令用于指示所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良。
为了开启和使用第一充电模式，电源适配器可以与终端进行快充通信流程，经过一次或多次握手协商，实现电池的快速充电。具体可参见图6，为详细地描述本发明实施例的快充通信流程，以及快充过程包括的各个阶段。应理解，图6示出的通信步骤或操作仅是示例，本发明实施例还可以执行其它操作或者图6中的各种操作的变形。此外，图6中的各个阶段可以按照与图6呈现的不同的顺序来执行，并且也可能并非要执行图6中的全部操作。
综上所述，根据本发明实施例的用于终端的充电方法，通过控制电源适配器输出满足充电需求的第三脉动波形的电压，并将电源适配器输出的第三脉动波形的电压直接加载至终端的电池，从而可实现脉动的输出电压/电流直接对电池进行快速充电。其中，脉动的输出电压/电流的大小周期性变换，与传统的恒压恒流相比，能够降低锂电池的析锂现象，提高电池的使用寿命，并且还能够减少充电接口的触点的拉弧的概率和强度，提高充电接口的寿命，以及有利于降低电池的极化效应、提高充电速度、减少电池的发热，保证终端充电时的安全可靠。此外，由于电源适配器输出的是脉动波形的电压，从而无需在电源适配器中设置电解电容，不仅可以实现电源适配器的简单化、小型化，还可大大降低成本。并且，在对终端的电池进行脉冲充电过程中，通过调节控制信号的占空比以降低第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，从而减少电压波峰与电压波谷的压差，进而有效减少脉冲充电时电池电压的波动值，可以便于电池电压采集单元采集到电池的电压波峰值，这样电源适配器就可以及时地根据电池的电压波峰值调整充电状态，保证系统的安全可靠。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本发明的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的 部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (68)

  1. 一种用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，包括：
    电源适配器，所述电源适配器包括：
    第一整流单元，所述第一整流单元对输入的交流电进行整流以输出第一脉动波形的电压；
    开关单元，所述开关单元用于根据控制信号对所述第一脉动波形的电压进行调制；
    变压器，所述变压器用于根据调制后的所述第一脉动波形的电压输出第二脉动波形的电压；
    第二整流单元，所述第二整流单元用于对所述第二脉动波形的电压进行整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压；
    第一充电接口，所述第一充电接口与所述第二整流单元相连；
    控制单元，所述控制单元与所述开关单元相连，所述控制单元输出所述控制信号至所述开关单元，并对所述控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使所述第三脉动波形的电压满足充电需求；
    终端，所述终端包括第二充电接口、电池和电池电压采集单元，所述第二充电接口与所述电池相连，其中，当所述第二充电接口与所述第一充电接口连接时，所述第二充电接口将所述第三脉动波形的电压加载至所述电池，并在所述电源适配器通过输出所述第三脉动波形的电压给所述电池充电的过程中，所述控制单元通过调节所述控制信号的占空比以降低所述第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，以使所述电池电压采集单元采集到所述电池的电压波峰值。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述第一充电接口包括：
    电源线，所述电源线用于为所述电池充电；
    数据线，所述数据线用于与所述终端进行通信。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行通信以确定充电模式，其中，所述充电模式包括第一充电模式和第二充电模式。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信以确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电时，
    所述控制单元向所述终端发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述终端是否开启所述第一充电模式；
    所述控制单元从所述终端接收所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端同意开启所述第一充电模式。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，在所述控制单元向所述终端发送所述第一指令之前，所述电源适配器与所述终端之间通过所述第二充电模式充电，并在所述控制单元确定所述第二充电模式的充电时长大于预设阈值后，向所述终端发送所述第一指令。
  6. 如权利要求4所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于通过控制所述开关单元以控制所述电源适配器将充电电流调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，并在所述电源适配器以所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流为所述终端充电之前，
    所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压，并控制所述电源适配器将充电电压调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压时，
    所述控制单元向所述终端发送第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述电源适配器的当前输出电压是否适合作为所述第一充电模式的充电电压；
    所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述电源适配器的当前输出电压合适、偏高或偏低；
    所述控制单元根据所述第二指令的回复指令，确定所述第一充电模式的充电电压。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元在控制所述电源适配器将充电电流调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流之前，还通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流时，
    所述控制单元向所述终端发送第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述控制单元根据所述第三指令的回复指令，确定所述第一充电模式的充电电流。
  10. 如权利要求4所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器使用 所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述控制单元还通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以通过控制所述开关单元不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以通过控制所述开关单元不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流时，
    所述控制单元向所述终端发送第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；
    所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压；
    所述控制单元根据所述电池的当前电压，通过控制所述开关单元以调整所述充电电流。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制单元根据所述电池的当前电压，以及预设的电池电压值和充电电流值的对应关系，通过控制所述开关单元以将所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流调整至所述电池的当前电压对应的充电电流值。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述控制单元还通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良，其中，
    当确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良时，所述控制单元控制所述电源适配器退出所述第一充电模式。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，在确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良之前，所述控制单元还用于从所述终端接收用于指示所述终端的通路阻抗的信息，其中，
    所述控制单元向所述终端发送第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的电压；
    所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的电压；
    所述控制单元根据所述电源适配器的输出电压和所述电池的电压，确定所述电源适配器到所述电池的通路阻抗；
    所述控制单元根据所述电源适配器到所述电池的通路阻抗、所述终端的通路阻抗，以及所述电源适配器和所述终端之间的充电线线路的通路阻抗，确定所述第一充电接口与所 述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器退出所述第一充电模式之前，所述控制单元还向所述终端发送第五指令，所述第五指令用于指示所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良。
  16. 如权利要求3所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述终端支持第二充电模式和第一充电模式，其中所述第一充电模式的充电电流大于所述第二充电模式的充电电流，所述终端的控制器通过与所述控制单元进行双向通信以便所述电源适配器确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电，以使所述控制单元控制所述电源适配器按照所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流进行输出，为所述终端内的电池充电。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，其中，
    所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述终端是否开启所述第一充电模式；
    所述控制器向所述控制单元发送所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端同意开启所述第一充电模式。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，在所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第一指令之前，所述终端与所述电源适配器之间通过所述第二充电模式充电，所述控制单元在确定所述第二充电模式的充电时长大于预设阈值后，所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的所述第一指令。
  19. 如权利要求16所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述电源适配器按照所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流进行输出，以为所述终端内的电池充电之前，所述控制器通过与所述控制单元进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，其中，
    所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述电源适配器的当前输出电压是否适合作为所述第一充电模式的充电电压；
    所述控制器向所述控制单元发送所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述电源适配器的当前输出电压合适、偏高或偏低。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制器通过与所述控制单元进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，其中，
    所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述控制器向所述控制单元发送所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流，以便所述电源适配器根据所述最大充电电流确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
  23. 如权利要求17所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述控制器通过与所述控制单元进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
  24. 如权利要求17所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，其中，
    所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；
    所述控制器向所述控制单元发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压，以便所述电源适配器根据所述电池的当前电压，不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
  25. 如权利要求19所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述控制器通过与所述控制单元进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
  26. 如权利要求25所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，其中，
    所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；
    所述控制器向所述控制单元发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压，以便所述控制单元根据所述电源适配器的输出电压和所述电池的当前电压，确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的用于终端的充电系统，其特征在于，所述控制器接收所述控制单元发送的第五指令，所述第五指令用于指示所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良。
  28. 一种电源适配器，其特征在于，包括：
    第一整流单元，所述第一整流单元用于对输入的交流电进行整流以输出第一脉动波形的电压；
    开关单元，所述开关单元用于根据控制信号对所述第一脉动波形的电压进行调制；
    变压器，所述变压器用于根据调制后的所述第一脉动波形的电压输出第二脉动波形的电压；
    第二整流单元，所述第二整流单元用于对所述第二脉动波形的电压进行整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压；
    第一充电接口，所述第一充电接口与所述第二整流单元相连，所述第一充电接口用于在与终端的第二充电接口连接时，通过所述第二充电接口将所述第三脉动波形的电压加载至所述终端的电池，其中，所述第二充电接口与所述电池相连；
    控制单元，所述控制单元与所述开关单元相连，所述控制单元输出所述控制信号至所述开关单元，并对所述控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使所述第三脉动波形的电压满足所述终端的充电需求，并在所述电源适配器通过输出所述第三脉动波形的电压给所述电池充电的过程中，所述控制单元还通过调节所述控制信号的占空比以降低所述第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，以使所述终端内的电池电压采集单元采集到所述电池的电压波峰值。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，所述第一充电接口包括：
    电源线，所述电源线用于为所述电池充电；
    数据线，所述数据线用于与所述终端进行通信。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行通信以确定充电模式，其中，所述充电模式包括第一充电模式和第二充电模式。
  31. 如权利要求30所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信以确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电时，
    所述控制单元向所述终端发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述终端是否开启所述第一充电模式；
    所述控制单元从所述终端接收所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端同意开启所述第一充电模式。
  32. 如权利要求31所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，在所述控制单元向所述终端发送所述第一指令之前，所述电源适配器与所述终端之间通过所述第二充电模式充电，并在所述控制单元确定所述第二充电模式的充电时长大于预设阈值后，向所述终端发送所述第一指令。
  33. 如权利要求31所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元还用于通过控制所述开关单元以控制所述电源适配器将充电电流调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，并在所述电源适配器以所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流为所述终端充电之前，
    所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压，并控制所述电源适配器将充电电压调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压。
  34. 如权利要求33所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电 接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压时，
    所述控制单元向所述终端发送第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述电源适配器的当前输出电压是否适合作为所述第一充电模式的充电电压；
    所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述电源适配器的当前输出电压合适、偏高或偏低；
    所述控制单元根据所述第二指令的回复指令，确定所述第一充电模式的充电电压。
  35. 如权利要求33所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元在控制所述电源适配器将充电电流调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流之前，还通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
  36. 如权利要求35所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流时，
    所述控制单元向所述终端发送第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述控制单元根据所述第三指令的回复指令，确定所述第一充电模式的充电电流。
  37. 如权利要求31所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述控制单元还通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以通过控制所述开关单元不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
  38. 如权利要求37所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以通过控制所述开关单元不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流时，
    所述控制单元向所述终端发送第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；
    所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压；
    所述控制单元根据所述电池的当前电压，通过控制所述开关单元以调整所述充电电流。
  39. 如权利要求38所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，所述控制单元根据所述电池的当前电压，以及预设的电池电压值和充电电流值的对应关系，通过控制所述开关单元以将所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流调整至所述电池的当前电压对应的充电电流值。
  40. 如权利要求37所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一 充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述控制单元还通过所述第一充电接口中的数据线与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良，其中，
    当确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良时，所述控制单元控制所述电源适配器退出所述第一充电模式。
  41. 如权利要求40所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，在确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良之前，所述控制单元还用于从所述终端接收用于指示所述终端的通路阻抗的信息，其中，
    所述控制单元向所述终端发送第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的电压；
    所述控制单元接收所述终端发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的电压；
    所述控制单元根据所述电源适配器的输出电压和所述电池的电压，确定所述电源适配器到所述电池的通路阻抗；
    所述控制单元根据所述电源适配器到所述电池的通路阻抗、所述终端的通路阻抗，以及所述电源适配器和所述终端之间的充电线线路的通路阻抗，确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
  42. 如权利要求41所述的电源适配器，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器退出所述第一充电模式之前，所述控制单元还向所述终端发送第五指令，所述第五指令用于指示所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良。
  43. 一种用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    当电源适配器的第一充电接口与所述终端的第二充电接口连接时，对输入的交流电进行一次整流以输出第一脉动波形的电压；
    通过控制开关单元以对所述第一脉动波形的电压进行调制，并通过变压器的变换以输出第二脉动波形的电压；
    对所述第二脉动波形的电压进行二次整流以输出第三脉动波形的电压，并通过所述第二充电接口将所述第三脉动波形的电压加载至所述终端的电池；
    对输出至所述开关单元的控制信号的占空比进行调节，以使所述第三脉动波形的电压满足充电需求，并在所述电源适配器通过输出所述第三脉动波形的电压给所述电池充电的过程中，还通过调节所述控制信号的占空比以降低所述第三脉动波形的电压波谷持续时间，以使所述终端采集到所述电池的电压波峰值。
  44. 如权利要求43所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，还通过所述第一充电接 口与所述终端进行通信以确定充电模式，并在确定所述充电模式为第一充电模式时根据所述终端的状态信息获取所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流和/或充电电压，以根据所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流和/或充电电压对所述控制信号的占空比进行调节，其中，所述充电模式包括第一充电模式和第二充电模式。
  45. 如权利要求44所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述电源适配器通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信以确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电时，
    所述电源适配器向所述终端发送第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述终端是否开启所述第一充电模式；
    所述电源适配器从所述终端接收所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端同意开启所述第一充电模式。
  46. 如权利要求45所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器向所述终端发送所述第一指令之前，所述电源适配器与所述终端之间通过所述第二充电模式充电，并在确定所述第二充电模式的充电时长大于预设阈值后，所述电源适配器向所述终端发送所述第一指令。
  47. 如权利要求45所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，还通过控制所述开关单元以控制所述电源适配器将充电电流调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，并在所述电源适配器以所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流为所述终端充电之前，
    通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压，并控制所述电源适配器将充电电压调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压。
  48. 如权利要求47所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压，包括：
    所述电源适配器向所述终端发送第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述电源适配器的当前输出电压是否适合作为所述第一充电模式的充电电压；
    所述电源适配器接收所述终端发送的所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述电源适配器的当前输出电压合适、偏高或偏低；
    所述电源适配器根据所述第二指令的回复指令，确定所述第一充电模式的充电电压。
  49. 如权利要求47所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，在控制所述电源适配器将充电电流调整至所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流之前，还通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
  50. 如权利要求49所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，包括：
    所述电源适配器向所述终端发送第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述电源适配器接收所述终端发送的所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述电源适配器根据所述第三指令的回复指令，确定所述第一充电模式的充电电流。
  51. 如权利要求45所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，还通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以通过控制所述开关单元不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
  52. 如权利要求51所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以通过控制所述开关单元不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流，包括：
    所述电源适配器向所述终端发送第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；
    所述电源适配器接收所述终端发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压；
    根据所述电池的当前电压，通过控制所述开关单元以调整所述充电电流。
  53. 如权利要求52所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述电池的当前电压，通过控制所述开关单元以调整所述充电电流，包括：
    根据所述电池的当前电压，以及预设的电池电压值和充电电流值的对应关系，通过控制所述开关单元以将所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流调整至所述电池的当前电压对应的充电电流值。
  54. 如权利要求51所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，还通过所述第一充电接口与所述终端进行双向通信，以确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良，其中，
    当确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良时，控制所述电源适配器退出所述第一充电模式。
  55. 如权利要求54所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，在确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良之前，所述电源适配器从所述终端接收用于指示所述终端的通路阻抗的信息，其中，
    所述电源适配器向所述终端发送第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的电压；
    所述电源适配器接收所述终端发送的所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复 指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的电压；
    根据所述电源适配器的输出电压和所述电池的电压，确定所述电源适配器到所述电池的通路阻抗；以及
    根据所述电源适配器到所述电池的通路阻抗、所述终端的通路阻抗，以及所述电源适配器和所述终端之间的充电线线路的通路阻抗，确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
  56. 如权利要求54所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，在控制所述电源适配器退出所述第一充电模式之前，还向所述终端发送第五指令，所述第五指令用于指示所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良。
  57. 如权利要求43所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述终端支持第二充电模式和第一充电模式，其中所述第一充电模式的充电电流大于所述第二充电模式的充电电流，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信以便所述电源适配器确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电，其中，所述电源适配器按照所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流进行输出，为所述终端内的电池充电。
  58. 如权利要求57所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信以便所述电源适配器确定使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电，包括：
    所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第一指令，所述第一指令用于询问所述终端是否开启所述第一充电模式；
    所述终端向所述电源适配器发送所述第一指令的回复指令，所述第一指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端同意开启所述第一充电模式。
  59. 如权利要求58所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，在所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第一指令之前，所述终端与所述电源适配器之间通过所述第二充电模式充电，所述电源适配器在确定所述第二充电模式的充电时长大于预设阈值后，所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的所述第一指令。
  60. 如权利要求58所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述电源适配器按照所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流进行输出，以为所述终端内的电池充电之前，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压。
  61. 如权利要求60所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电压，包括：
    所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第二指令，所述第二指令用于询问所述电源适配器的当前输出电压是否适合作为所述第一充电模式的充电电压；
    所述终端向所述电源适配器发送所述第二指令的回复指令，所述第二指令的回复指令用于指示所述电源适配器的当前输出电压合适、偏高或偏低。
  62. 如权利要求60所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，在所述终端从所述电源适配器接收所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，为所述终端内的电池充电之前，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
  63. 如权利要求62所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流，包括：
    所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第三指令，所述第三指令用于询问所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流；
    所述终端向所述电源适配器发送所述第三指令的回复指令，所述第三指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端当前支持的最大充电电流，以便所述电源适配器根据所述最大充电电流确定所述第一充电模式对应的充电电流。
  64. 如权利要求58所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
  65. 如权利要求64所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流，包括：
    所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；
    所述终端向所述电源适配器发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压，以便根据所述电池的当前电压，不断调整所述电源适配器输出至电池的充电电流。
  66. 如权利要求60所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，在所述电源适配器使用所述第一充电模式为所述终端充电的过程中，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
  67. 如权利要求66所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述终端通过所述第二充电接口与所述电源适配器进行双向通信，以便所述电源适配器确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良，包括：
    所述终端接收所述电源适配器发送的第四指令，所述第四指令用于询问所述终端内的电池的当前电压；
    所述终端向所述电源适配器发送所述第四指令的回复指令，所述第四指令的回复指令用于指示所述终端内的电池的当前电压，以便所述电源适配器根据所述电源适配器的输出电压和所述电池的当前电压，确定所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间是否接触不良。
  68. 如权利要求66所述的用于终端的充电方法，其特征在于，所述终端还接收所述电源适配器发送的第五指令，所述第五指令用于指示所述第一充电接口与所述第二充电接口之间接触不良。
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KR102183491B1 (ko) 2020-11-27
EP3285363A4 (en) 2018-05-30
EP3273570A4 (en) 2019-01-23
US10566828B2 (en) 2020-02-18

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