WO2016199718A1 - 冷凍機油用エステルおよび冷凍機油用作動流体組成物 - Google Patents
冷凍機油用エステルおよび冷凍機油用作動流体組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016199718A1 WO2016199718A1 PCT/JP2016/066756 JP2016066756W WO2016199718A1 WO 2016199718 A1 WO2016199718 A1 WO 2016199718A1 JP 2016066756 W JP2016066756 W JP 2016066756W WO 2016199718 A1 WO2016199718 A1 WO 2016199718A1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
- C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
- C10M105/32—Esters
- C10M105/42—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at least three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compound: monohydroxy compounds, polyhydroxy compounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids and hydroxy carboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/30—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids
- C10M2207/301—Complex esters, i.e. compounds containing at leasst three esterified carboxyl groups and derived from the combination of at least three different types of the following five types of compounds: monohydroxyl compounds, polyhydroxy xompounds, monocarboxylic acids, polycarboxylic acids or hydroxy carboxylic acids used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/09—Characteristics associated with water
- C10N2020/097—Refrigerants
- C10N2020/101—Containing Hydrofluorocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ester for refrigerating machine oil having excellent lubricity and heat resistance.
- the present invention relates to an ester for refrigerating machine oil, which is used for a working fluid composition for refrigerating machine oil containing a non-chlorine fluorocarbon refrigerant or a natural refrigerant.
- Air conditioners such as room air conditioners and packaged air conditioners, low-temperature equipment such as household refrigerator-freezers, industrial refrigerators, and car air conditioners such as hybrid cars and electric cars contain chlorine, which causes destruction of the ozone layer.
- R-- is a mixed refrigerant of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), pentafluoroethane (R-125), difluoromethane (R-32) and R-125.
- Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) such as 410A is used as a refrigerant
- HFC refrigerant has an ozone depletion coefficient of zero, it has a high global warming potential (GWP) of 1000 or more. Therefore, it is subject to regulations aimed at reducing the greenhouse effect, and the use of refrigerants with low GWP is being studied because use is restricted. For example, conversion to 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) having a GWP of 4 and R-32 having a GWP of 675 alone has been promoted.
- HFO-1234yf 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene
- Patent Document 1 discloses pentaerythritol, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, and 3 as esters having high stability even in a compressor that is operated in a thermally severe environment due to the use of a mixed refrigerant containing R-32. , 5,5,5-trimethylhexanoic acid-based lubricating oil for refrigerating machine oil is disclosed.
- HC hydrocarbon
- Patent Document 2 proposes a complex ester having excellent lubricity and excellent heat resistance even under such severe lubrication conditions, and lubricity is improved by using 1,4-butanediol as a raw material. In addition, it is disclosed that heat resistance is improved by using monovalent alcohol as a raw material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an ester lubricant for refrigerating machine oil having excellent lubricity and heat resistance.
- the present invention is as follows.
- a refrigerating machine ester obtained from the following component (A), component (B), component (C) and component (D), 0.1 to 0.4 mol of the component derived from the component (B) and 0.1 to 0.4 mol of the component derived from the component (C) with respect to 1.0 mol of the component derived from the component (A) in the ester.
- the ester has a hydroxyl value of 5 to 40 mgKOH / g and satisfies the formulas (1) and (2).
- a OH is the number of moles of terminal hydroxyl groups from component (A) in the ester
- B OH is the number of moles of terminal hydroxyl groups from component (B) in the ester
- a mol is the number of moles of the component derived from the component (A) in the ester
- B mol is the number of moles of the component derived from the component (B) in the ester
- a working fluid composition for refrigerating machine oil comprising a non-chlorine fluorocarbon refrigerant or a natural refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil ester of (1).
- component (A), component (B), component (C) and component (D) are subjected to a primary esterification reaction at a temperature of 100 to 150 ° C., Next, it is subjected to a secondary esterification reaction at a temperature of 150 ° C. to 250 ° C.
- the ester for refrigerating machine oil of the present invention has high heat resistance, it can be suitably used for a compressor of a refrigerating and air-conditioning apparatus that particularly requires thermal stability. Moreover, since the ester for refrigerating machine oil of this invention has high compatibility with a non-chlorine type CFC refrigerant or a natural refrigerant, it can be suitably used for a working fluid composition for a refrigerating machine containing these refrigerants.
- the ester for refrigerating machine oil of the present invention will be described.
- the numerical range defined using the symbol “ ⁇ ” includes the numerical values at both ends (upper limit and lower limit) of “ ⁇ ”.
- “2 to 5” represents “2 or more and 5 or less”.
- the ester for refrigerating machine oil of the present invention comprises neopentyl glycol (component (A)), a linear dihydric alcohol (component (B)) having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having hydroxyl groups at both terminal carbons, A linear divalent carboxylic acid (component (C)) having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and having carboxyl groups at both ends of carbon and a monohydric alcohol having 6 to 12 carbon atoms (component (D)) are mixed. It can be obtained by esterification reaction.
- component (A), component (B), component (C), and component (D) are general terms for convenience, and there may be one kind of compound belonging to each component, or it belongs to each component. Two or more compounds may be used. When each component contains two or more types of compounds, the amount of each component is the total amount of the two or more types of compounds belonging to that component.
- neopentyl glycol of the component (A) used in the present invention industrially available neopentyl glycol can be used, and the shape of neopentyl glycol is solid or liquid diluted with water. You can use things.
- Component (B) is a linear dihydric alcohol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having hydroxyl groups at both terminal carbons, specifically ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butane. Diol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and the like can be mentioned. A linear divalent saturated alcohol is preferred, and 1,4-butanediol is particularly preferred.
- component (B) an ester excellent in viscosity index, low-temperature stability, and lubricity can be obtained.
- Component (C) is a linear divalent carboxylic acid having 4 to 10 carbon atoms and having carboxyl groups at both terminal carbons, and specifically includes succinic acid (4 carbon atoms), glutaric acid (5 carbon atoms). ), Adipic acid (carbon number 6), pimelic acid (carbon number 7), suberic acid (carbon number 8), azelaic acid (carbon number 9), sebacic acid (carbon number 10), and the like. It is preferable to use a linear divalent saturated carboxylic acid having 6 to 8 carbon atoms. By the component (C), an ester excellent in viscosity index and low temperature stability can be obtained.
- Component (D) is a monohydric alcohol having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and these may be either linear alcohols or branched alcohols. Specific examples include 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, 1-undecanol, 1-dodecanol, 2-ethylhexanol, 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol and the like. A saturated branched alcohol having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is preferred, and an ester having excellent low-temperature stability can be obtained. In particular, 2-ethylhexanol and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol are preferably used.
- the ester for refrigerating machine oil of the present invention comprises 0.1 to 0.4 mol of the component derived from the component (B), and the component derived from the component (C) with respect to 1.0 mol of the component derived from the component (A).
- This is an ester for refrigerating machine oil composed of 0.8 to 2.8 mol and a ratio of component 0.3 to 2.3 mol derived from component (D).
- the amount of the component derived from the component (B) is less than 0.1 mol relative to 1.0 mol of the component derived from the component (A), it is difficult to obtain the desired viscosity index and lubricity, and 0.4 mol. If it exceeds 1, the low-temperature stability of the ester deteriorates.
- the amount of the component derived from component (B) can be 0.1 to 0.3 mol relative to 1.0 mol of the component derived from component (A).
- the amount of the component derived from component (C) is preferably 0.9 mol or more, and preferably 2.3 mol or less, relative to 1.0 mol of the component derived from component (A).
- the amount of the component derived from the component (D) is preferably 0.5 mol or more and preferably 2.1 mol or less with respect to 1.0 mol of the component derived from the component (A).
- the molar ratio of each component described above is calculated by analysis by gas chromatography.
- 0.1 g of ester is diluted with 5 g of a toluene / methanol (80 wt% / 20 wt%) mixed solvent, then 0.3 g of 28% sodium methoxide methanol solution (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) is added, and the mixture is heated at 60 ° C. for 30 g.
- the ester is subjected to methanol decomposition by standing still.
- the obtained ester decomposition solution is analyzed by gas chromatography, and the peak area ratio of the obtained component (A), component (B), component (C), and component (D) is converted into a molar ratio. be able to.
- the component of an ester decomposition product can be identified by analyzing the gas chromatography of each component single.
- the carboxyl group of the component (C) is converted into the components (A), (C) by adjusting the molar ratio of the components derived from the components (A), (B), (C), (D).
- B) or an ester synthesized so as to be blocked by (D) the terminal structure of which is an alkyl group derived from component (D), and the terminal structure of the ester is a hydroxyl group derived from component (A) as a minor component Groups, esters which are hydroxyl groups derived from component (B) are included.
- Formula (3) is a structure having an alkyl group derived from component (D) at the terminal of the ester
- Formula (4) is a structure having a hydroxyl group derived from component (A) at the terminal of the ester.
- R 1 represents an alkyl group derived from component (D).
- the ester for refrigerating machine oil of the present invention satisfies the formulas (1) and (2). 0.08 ⁇ BOH / ( AOH + BOH ) ⁇ 0.15 (1)
- a OH is the number of moles of terminal hydroxyl groups from component (A) in the ester;
- B OH is the number of moles of terminal hydroxyl groups from component (B) in the ester.
- Formula (1) represents the molar ratio of the terminal hydroxyl group derived from component (B) to the sum of the terminal hydroxyl group derived from component (A) and the terminal hydroxyl group derived from component (B) in the ester.
- a OH is the number of moles of terminal hydroxyl groups from component (A) in the ester
- B OH is the number of moles of terminal hydroxyl groups from component (B) in the ester
- a mol is the number of moles of the component derived from the component (A) in the ester
- B mol is the number of moles of the component derived from the component (B) in the ester.
- the molecule of the formula (2) is [B OH / (A OH + B OH )], which is shown in the formula (1), and the terminal hydroxyl group derived from the component (A) in the ester and the component The molar ratio of the terminal hydroxyl group derived from the component (B) to the sum of the terminal hydroxyl groups derived from (B) is shown.
- the denominator of formula (2) is [B mol / (A mol + B mol )], which is the sum of the component derived from component (A) and the component derived from component (B) in the ester. The molar ratio of the structural component derived from the component (B) is expressed.
- Formula (2) represents how much the molar ratio of the terminal hydroxyl group derived from the component (B) is smaller than the molar ratio of the component derived from the component (B) in the ester, In other words, it represents the degree of uneven distribution of the component (B) in the terminal structure relative to the entire ester structure.
- each numerical value of Formula (1) (2) is measured as follows. (Numerical value of formula (1) and numerical value of numerator of formula (2): B OH / (A OH + B OH )) Among the 1 H-NMR spectra, the integrated value of the ⁇ hydrogen peak (3.2 to 3.4 ppm) with respect to the hydroxyl group derived from the component (A) and the ⁇ hydrogen peak with respect to the hydroxyl group derived from the component (B) (3 (6 to 3.8 ppm), and the integral value of ⁇ hydrogen with respect to the hydroxyl group derived from component (B) was divided by the sum of the integral values.
- component (A) hydrogen is not bonded to the ⁇ carbon ( ⁇ hydrogen is not present), and therefore the terminal hydroxyl group generated at the end of the ester structure is the terminal structure derived from component (A) derived from component (B).
- Excellent heat resistance compared to the terminal structure That is, an ester having more ester structure terminals derived from the component (A) is superior in heat resistance as compared to an ester that is not.
- the ester having more excellent heat resistance can be obtained by setting the molar ratio of the hydroxyl group derived from the component (B) to the total hydroxyl groups to be 0.15 or less.
- the molar ratio of the terminal hydroxyl group derived from component (B) to the total of the terminal hydroxyl group derived from component (A) and the terminal hydroxyl group derived from component (B) is 0.08 to 0.15. Esters are easily obtained. From this viewpoint, the molar ratio is more preferably 0.09 or more, and further preferably 0.14 or less.
- the ester unevenly distributed so that the molar ratio of the terminal hydroxyl group derived from the component (B) is smaller than the molar ratio of the component derived from the component (B) in the ester is superior in heat resistance.
- the uneven distribution degree of the component (B) in the terminal structure can be represented by the molar ratio of the terminal hydroxyl group derived from the component (B) to the molar ratio of the component derived from the component (B) in the ester.
- This value is 0.9 or less, but more preferably 0.8 or less.
- the lower limit of this value is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.2 or more, more preferably 0.3 or more, and still more preferably 0.5 or more.
- the ester of the present invention comprises all hydroxyl groups in the ester with respect to the molar ratio of the component derived from the component (B) to the sum of the component derived from the component (A) and the component derived from the component (B) in the ester.
- the ester which reduced the molar ratio of the hydroxyl group derived from the component (B) in the above, and the ester satisfying the formula (1) and the formula (2) is an ester having further excellent heat resistance for the reasons described above.
- the above components (A), (B), (C) and (D) are all charged into an appropriate reactor, and an esterification reaction is carried out under normal pressure and nitrogen atmosphere.
- the esterification reaction can be usually carried out at 150 to 250 ° C. in order to efficiently remove the reaction product water.
- a primary esterification reaction is performed at 100 to 150 ° C.
- a secondary esterification reaction is carried out at 150 ° C. to 250 ° C.
- the primary esterification reaction is preferably performed at 100 to 140 ° C., more preferably 100 to 130 ° C., whereby an ester having excellent heat resistance can be easily obtained.
- the primary esterification reaction is preferably performed for 1 to 10 hours, more preferably 2 to 8 hours, whereby an ester having excellent heat resistance can be easily obtained.
- the secondary esterification reaction is preferably performed at 160 to 260 ° C, more preferably 180 to 250 ° C. At this time, the secondary esterification reaction is carried out until the acid value becomes 10 mgKOH / g or less, preferably 5 mgKOH / g or less, more preferably 2 mgKOH / g.
- the esterification reaction may be performed using a Bronsted acid catalyst or a Lewis acid catalyst, but is preferably performed without a catalyst.
- the target ester for refrigerating machine oil can be obtained by refining the crude ester with an adsorbent.
- the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the ester for refrigerating machine oil of the present invention is preferably 20 to 500 mm 2 / s. More preferably, it is 20 to 300 mm 2 / s, still more preferably 20 to 250 mm 2 / s, and most preferably 20 to 180 mm 2 / s.
- the hydroxyl value is preferably 5 to 40 mgKOH / g, more preferably 15 to 35 mgKOH / g.
- the ester for refrigerating machine oil of the present invention can be used alone as a base oil, or can be used by mixing with other base oils.
- additives such as phenolic antioxidants, metal deactivators such as benzotriazole, thiadiazole or dithiocarbamate, acid scavengers such as epoxy compounds or carbodiimides, additives such as phosphorus extreme pressure agents Can be appropriately blended depending on the purpose.
- the ester for refrigerating machine oil of the present invention has high compatibility with non-chlorine fluorocarbon refrigerants and natural refrigerants, it can be suitably used for a working fluid composition for refrigerating machines containing these refrigerants.
- non-chlorine-based chlorofluorocarbon refrigerant include hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), hydrofluoroolefin (HFO), hydrocarbon (HC), a natural refrigerant alone, or a mixture thereof.
- hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant examples include 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), pentafluoroethane (R-125), difluoroethane (R-32), trifluoromethane ( R-23), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluorofluoroethane (R-134), 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R-143a), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), etc. Any one or a mixture of two or more is preferable.
- a refrigerant containing at least one of R-134a and R-32 is particularly preferable, and a single R-32 refrigerant is more preferable.
- hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) refrigerant examples include 1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye) and 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze). 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), 1,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ye), and 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf) It is preferable that they are 1 type, or a mixture of 2 or more types. From the viewpoint of the physical properties of the refrigerant, one or more selected from HFO-1225ye, HFO-1234ze, and HFO-1234yf are preferable.
- examples of the hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerant include propane (R290) and isobutane (R600a) and mixtures thereof, and examples of the natural refrigerant include ammonia and carbon dioxide. Particularly preferred are R290, R600 and carbon dioxide.
- the working fluid composition for refrigerating machine oil usually has a mass ratio of 10:90 to 90:10 of the refrigerating machine ester according to the present invention and a non-chlorine fluorocarbon refrigerant or a natural refrigerant. If the mass ratio of the refrigerant is within this range, the working fluid composition has an appropriate viscosity, which is preferable because it has excellent lubricity and high refrigeration efficiency.
- ester for refrigerator oil obtained in the Example and the comparative example was analyzed in accordance with the following method.
- Acid value Measured according to JIS K2501.
- Hydroxyl value Measured according to JIS K0070.
- Kinematic viscosity Measured according to JIS K2283.
- Example 1 124 g (1.19 mol) neopentyl glycol, 30 g (0.34 mol) 1,4-butanediol, 355 g (2.43 mol) adipic acid, 339 g (2.35 mol) 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol ) was charged into a four-necked flask and reacted at normal pressure for 3 hours while distilling off the reaction water at 120 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thereafter, the reaction was continued for 7 hours at 200 ° C. until the acid value became 2 or less. Subsequently, excess 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol was distilled off at 200 ° C.
- a crude ester under reduced pressure of 1 to 5 kPa to obtain a crude ester.
- the crude ester was cooled, and acid clay and silica-alumina-based adsorbent were added to each so as to be 1.0% by mass of the theoretically obtained ester amount, followed by adsorption treatment.
- the adsorption treatment temperature, pressure, and adsorption treatment time were 100 ° C., 1 to 5 kPa, and 2 hours. Finally, filtration was performed using a 1-micron filter to obtain the target ester.
- Example 2 180 g (1.73 mol) neopentyl glycol, 25 g (0.28 mol) 1,4-butanediol, 360 g (2.47 mol) adipic acid, 256 g (1.78 mol) 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol ) In a four-necked flask, and the reaction was carried out at normal pressure for 4 hours while distilling off the reaction water at 115 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The subsequent steps were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the target ester.
- Example 3 Neopentyl glycol 205 g (1.97 mol), 1,4-butanediol 26 g (0.28 mol), adipic acid 373 g (2.55 mol), 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol 217 g (1.50 mol) ) was charged into a four-necked flask and reacted at normal pressure for 3 hours while distilling off the reaction water at 125 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The subsequent steps were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the target ester.
- Example 4 174 g (1.66 mol) neopentyl glycol, 46 g (0.51 mol) 1,4-butanediol, 373 g (2.55 mol) adipic acid, 238 g (1.65 mol) 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol ) was charged into a four-necked flask and reacted at normal pressure for 4 hours while distilling off the reaction water at 120 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The subsequent steps were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the target ester.
- Example 5 Manufacture of Example 5 129 g (1.23 mol) of neopentylglycol, 28 g (0.26 mol) of 1,5-pentanediol, 393 g (2.25 mol) of suberic acid, and 300 g (2.30 mol) of n-octanol were used in four necks. The flask was charged and reacted at normal pressure for 5 hours while distilling off the reaction water at 120 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The subsequent steps were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the target ester.
- Example 6 Neopentyl glycol 215 g (2.07 mol), 1,3-propanediol 22 g (0.29 mol), adipic acid 385 g (2.64 mol), 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol 214 g (1.49 mol) ) was charged into a four-necked flask and reacted at normal pressure for 4 hours while distilling off the reaction water at 120 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The subsequent steps were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the target ester.
- Example 7 Neopentyl glycol 211 g (2.03 mol), 1,6-hexanediol 42 g (0.36 mol), adipic acid 385 g (2.64 mol), 3,5,5-trimethylhexanol 206 g (1.43 mol) ) was charged into a four-necked flask and reacted at normal pressure for 5 hours while distilling off the reaction water at 115 ° C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The subsequent steps were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain the target ester.
- the crude ester was cooled, and acid clay and silica-alumina-based adsorbent were added to each so as to be 1.0% by mass of the theoretically obtained ester amount, followed by adsorption treatment.
- the adsorption treatment temperature, pressure, and adsorption treatment time were 100 ° C., 1 to 5 kPa, and 2 hours. Finally, filtration was performed using a 1-micron filter to obtain the target ester.
- Heat resistance The heat resistance of the ester for refrigerating machine oil was evaluated by carrying out a heating test on the ester for refrigerating machine oil. In the heat resistance test, heating was performed in a thermostatic bath at 130 ° C. for 72 hours in an air atmosphere, and the acid value of the ester for refrigerating machine oil after heating was measured.
- Lubricity About the said ester for refrigerator oil, lubricity was evaluated with the SRV test machine.
- the SRV test was performed with a ball / disk, and test pieces made of SUJ-2 were used.
- the test conditions were a test temperature of 60 ° C., a load of 100 N, an amplitude of 1 mm, and a vibration frequency of 50 Hz, and the wear scar diameter after a test time of 25 minutes was measured.
- Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are summarized in Tables 1 and 2, and the physical properties, heat resistance, and lubricity are summarized in Tables 3 and 4.
- Table 1 and Table 2 describe the charging ratio of each component
- Tables 3 and 4 list the measured values of the molar ratio of the constituent components derived from each component in the produced ester.
- the esters of Examples 1 to 7 have excellent lubricity and excellent heat resistance, so that they are not easily deteriorated even under severe lubricating conditions in the compressor. It can be used in.
- the increase in the acid value in the heating test is suppressed, the generation of decomposition products that cause corrosion such as metals in the compressor can also be suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
また、ハイドロカーボン(HC)冷媒の場合は、HC分子内に潤滑性を高めるフッ素がない事から、HFC冷媒等のように冷媒による潤滑性向上効果が期待できず、さらにHC冷媒への冷凍機油への溶解度が高く、油の粘度を下げることから、潤滑条件がさらに厳しくなる。特許文献2には、このような厳しい潤滑条件においても優れた潤滑性および優れた耐熱性を有するコンプレックスエステルが提案されており、1,4-ブタンジオールを原料に用いることで潤滑性が向上すること、1価のアルコールを原料に用いることで耐熱性が向上することが開示されている。
(1) 下記成分(A)、成分(B)、成分(C)および成分(D)から得られる冷凍機油用エステルであって、
前記エステル中の前記成分(A)由来の構成成分1.0モルに対して、前記成分(B)由来の構成成分0.1~0.4モル、前記成分(C)由来の構成成分0.8~2.8モルおよび前記成分(D)由来の構成成分0.3~2.3モルの比率であり、
前記エステルのヒドロキシル価が5~40mgKOH/gであり、式(1)および式(2)を満たすことを特徴とする。
(A) ネオペンチルグリコール
(B) 炭素数2~6で両末端の炭素にヒドロキシル基を有する直鎖状の2価アルコール
(C) 炭素数4~10で両末端の炭素にカルボキシル基を有する直鎖状の2価カルボン酸
(D) 炭素数6~12の1価アルコール
0.08 ≦ BOH/(AOH+BOH)≦ 0.15 ・・・(1)
〔BOH/(AOH+BOH)〕/〔Bmol/(Amol+Bmol)〕 ≦ 0.9
・・・(2)
(前記式(1)および前記式(2)において、
AOHは、前記エステル中の前記成分(A)由来の末端ヒドロキシル基のモル数であり、
BOHは、前記エステル中の前記成分(B)由来の末端ヒドロキシル基のモル数であり、
Amolは、前記エステル中の前記成分(A)由来の構成成分のモル数であり、
Bmolは、前記エステル中の前記成分(B)由来の構成成分のモル数である)
(2) 非塩素系フロン冷媒または自然冷媒と、(1)の冷凍機油用エステルとを含有することを特徴とする、冷凍機油用作動流体組成物。
なお、本明細書において記号「~」を用いて規定された数値範囲は「~」の両端(上限および下限)の数値を含むものとする。例えば「2~5」は「2以上、5以下」を表す。
0.08 ≦ BOH/(AOH+BOH)≦ 0.15 ・・・(1)
(AOHは、エステル中の成分(A)由来の末端ヒドロキシル基のモル数であり、
BOHは、エステル中の成分(B)由来の末端ヒドロキシル基のモル数である。)
式(1)は、エステル中の成分(A)由来の末端ヒドロキシル基と成分(B)由来の末端ヒドロキシル基の合計に対する成分(B)由来の末端ヒドロキシル基のモル比率を表している。
・・・(2)
(AOHは、エステル中の成分(A)由来の末端ヒドロキシル基のモル数であり、
BOHは、エステル中の成分(B)由来の末端ヒドロキシル基のモル数であり、
Amolは、エステル中の成分(A)由来の構成成分のモル数であり、
Bmolは、エステル中の成分(B)由来の構成成分のモル数である。)
一方、式(2)の分母は、[Bmol/(Amol+Bmol)]であるが、これはエステル中の成分(A)由来の構成成分と成分(B)由来の構成成分との合計に対する成分(B)由来の構成成分のモル比率を表している。
(式(1)の数値および式(2)の分子の数値:BOH/(AOH+BOH))
1H-NMRスペクトルの内、成分(A)由来のヒドロキシル基に対するα水素のピーク(3.2~3.4ppm)の積分値と、成分(B)由来のヒドロキシル基に対するα水素のピーク(3.6~3.8ppm)の積分値を求め、各積分値の和によって、成分(B)由来のヒドロキシル基に対するα水素の積分値を除することで算出した。
前記のガスクロマトグラフィー分析により成分(A)および成分(B)由来の各構成成分のモル数を求め、モル比率を算出した。
また、エステル化反応はブレンステッド酸触媒やルイス酸触媒を使用してもよいが、無触媒で行なうことが好ましい。
酸価: JIS K2501に準拠して測定した。
水酸基価: JIS K0070に準拠して測定した。
動粘度: JIS K2283に準拠して測定した。
ネオペンチルグリコール124g(1.19mol)、1,4-ブタンジオール30g(0.34mol)、アジピン酸355g(2.43mol)、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール339g(2.35mol)を4つ口フラスコに仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、120℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で3時間反応を行なった。その後、200℃で酸価が2以下となるまで反応を7時間継続した。ついで、200℃、1~5kPaの減圧下にて過剰な3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノールを留去し、粗エステルを得た。粗エステルを冷却し、これに酸性白土およびシリカ-アルミナ系の吸着剤を、それぞれ理論上得られるエステル量の1.0質量%となるように添加して吸着処理した。吸着処理温度、圧力、および吸着処理時間は100℃、1~5kPa、2時間とした。最後に1ミクロンのフィルターを用いて濾過を行い、目的のエステルを得た。
ネオペンチルグリコール180g(1.73mol)、1,4-ブタンジオール25g(0.28mol)、アジピン酸360g(2.47mol)、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール256g(1.78mol)を4つ口フラスコに仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、115℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で4時間反応を行なった。以降の工程は実施例1と同様にして行い目的のエステルを得た。
ネオペンチルグリコール205g(1.97mol)、1,4-ブタンジオール26g(0.28mol)、アジピン酸373g(2.55mol)、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール217g(1.50mol)を4つ口フラスコに仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、125℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で3時間反応を行なった。以降の工程は実施例1と同様にして行い目的のエステルを得た。
ネオペンチルグリコール174g(1.66mol)、1,4-ブタンジオール46g(0.51mol)、アジピン酸373g(2.55mol)、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール238g(1.65mol)を4つ口フラスコに仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、120℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で4時間反応を行なった。以降の工程は実施例1と同様にして行い目的のエステルを得た。
ネオペンチルグリコール129g(1.23mol)、1,5-ペンタンジオール28g(0.26mol)、スベリン酸393g(2.25mol)、n-オクタノール300g(2.30mol)を4つ口フラスコに仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、120℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で5時間反応を行なった。以降の工程は実施例1と同様にして行い目的のエステルを得た。
ネオペンチルグリコール215g(2.07mol)、1,3-プロパンジオール22g(0.29mol)、アジピン酸385g(2.64mol)、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール214g(1.49mol)を4つ口フラスコに仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、120℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で4時間反応を行なった。以降の工程は実施例1と同様にして行い目的のエステルを得た。
ネオペンチルグリコール211g(2.03mol)、1,6-ヘキサンジオール42g(0.36mol)、アジピン酸385g(2.64mol)、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール206g(1.43mol)を4つ口フラスコに仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、115℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で5時間反応を行なった。以降の工程は実施例1と同様にして行い目的のエステルを得た。
ネオペンチルグリコール174g(1.66mol)、1,4-ブタンジオール46g(0.51mol)、アジピン酸373g(2.55mol)、3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール238g(1.65mol)を4つ口フラスコに仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、200℃で反応水を留去しつつ酸価が2以下となるまで常圧で反応を7時間継続した。ついで、200℃、1~5kPaの減圧下にて過剰な3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノールを留去し、粗エステルを得た。粗エステルを冷却し、これに酸性白土およびシリカ-アルミナ系の吸着剤を、それぞれ理論上得られるエステル量の1.0質量%となるように添加して吸着処理した。吸着処理温度、圧力、および吸着処理時間は100℃、1~5kPa、2時間とした。最後に1ミクロンのフィルターを用いて濾過を行い、目的のエステルを得た。
ネオペンチルグリコール104g(1.00mol)、1,4-ブタンジオール27g(0.30mol)、アジピン酸351g(2.40mol)を4つ口フラスコに仕込み、窒素雰囲気下、200℃で反応水を留去しつつ常圧で、酸価が270以下となるまで3時間反応を行い、エステル中間体を得た。このエステル中間体に、さらに3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノール361g(2.50mol)を添加し酸価が2以下となるまで反応を7時間継続した。ついで、200℃、1~5kPaの減圧下にて過剰な3,5,5-トリメチルヘキサノールを留去し、粗エステルを得た。粗エステルを冷却し、これに酸性白土およびシリカ-アルミナ系の吸着剤を、それぞれ理論上得られるエステル量の1.0質量%となるように添加して吸着処理した。吸着処理温度、圧力、および吸着処理時間は100℃、1~5kPa、2時間とした。最後に1ミクロンのフィルターを用いて濾過を行い、目的のエステルを得た。
上記の冷凍機油用エステルについて加熱試験を実施することで、冷凍機油用エステルの耐熱性を評価した。耐熱性試験は空気雰囲気下、130℃の恒温槽内で72時間加熱し、加熱後の冷凍機油用エステルの酸価を測定した。
上記の冷凍機油用エステルについてSRV試験機にて潤滑性を評価した。SRV試験はボール/ディスクで行い、試験片はそれぞれSUJ‐2製を用いた。試験条件は試験温度60℃、荷重100N、振幅1mm、振動数50Hzで行い、試験時間25min経過後の摩耗痕径を測定した。
Claims (2)
- 下記成分(A)、成分(B)、成分(C)および成分(D)から得られる冷凍機油用エステルであって、
前記エステル中の前記成分(A)由来の構成成分1.0モルに対して、前記成分(B)由来の構成成分0.1~0.4モル、前記成分(C)由来の構成成分0.8~2.8モルおよび前記成分(D)由来の構成成分0.3~2.3モルの比率であり、
前記エステルのヒドロキシル価が5~40mgKOH/gであり、式(1)および式(2)を満たすことを特徴とする、冷凍機油用エステル。
(A) ネオペンチルグリコール
(B) 炭素数2~6で両末端の炭素にヒドロキシル基を有する直鎖状の2価アルコール
(C) 炭素数4~10で両末端の炭素にカルボキシル基を有する直鎖状の2価カルボン酸
(D) 炭素数6~12の1価アルコール
0.08 ≦ BOH/(AOH+BOH)≦ 0.15 ・・・(1)
〔BOH/(AOH+BOH)〕/〔Bmol/(Amol+Bmol)〕 ≦ 0.9
・・・(2)
(前記式(1)および前記式(2)において、
AOHは、前記エステル中の前記成分(A)由来の末端ヒドロキシル基のモル数であり、
BOHは、前記エステル中の前記成分(B)由来の末端ヒドロキシル基のモル数であり、
Amolは、前記エステル中の前記成分(A)由来の構成成分のモル数であり、
Bmolは、前記エステル中の前記成分(B)由来の構成成分のモル数である)
- 非塩素系フロン冷媒または自然冷媒と、請求項1記載の冷凍機油用エステルとを含有することを特徴とする、冷凍機油用作動流体組成物。
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