WO2015098702A1 - メソゲン基を含有する化合物、それを用いた混合物、組成物、及び、光学異方体 - Google Patents
メソゲン基を含有する化合物、それを用いた混合物、組成物、及び、光学異方体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015098702A1 WO2015098702A1 PCT/JP2014/083584 JP2014083584W WO2015098702A1 WO 2015098702 A1 WO2015098702 A1 WO 2015098702A1 JP 2014083584 W JP2014083584 W JP 2014083584W WO 2015098702 A1 WO2015098702 A1 WO 2015098702A1
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- GQYLQOBVKLBZPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc(cc1)cc2c1c(C)c(C)cc2 Chemical compound Cc(cc1)cc2c1c(C)c(C)cc2 GQYLQOBVKLBZPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JCNGSJUYPCVGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1c(C)c2ccccc2c(C)c1 Chemical compound Cc1c(C)c2ccccc2c(C)c1 JCNGSJUYPCVGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1cc(C)c(C)cc1 Chemical compound Cc1cc(C)c(C)cc1 GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NPHUDYNPFJFWKA-MJPNWULPSA-N CC/C(/CC1=CCCc(cccc2)c2S1)=C/c(cc(CCOC(c(cc1)ccc1OC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)OCC1OC1)=O)cc1)c1OC(c(cc1)ccc1OC(C)(C)C)=O Chemical compound CC/C(/CC1=CCCc(cccc2)c2S1)=C/c(cc(CCOC(c(cc1)ccc1OC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)OCC1OC1)=O)cc1)c1OC(c(cc1)ccc1OC(C)(C)C)=O NPHUDYNPFJFWKA-MJPNWULPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXLZGUYYXRMITM-IJPVNJCPSA-N CCC(C1=CCCc(c(cccc2)c2cc2)c2S1)/N=C/c(cc(CCOC(c(cc1)ccc1OC(C)(C)C)=O)cc1)c1OC(c(cc1)ccc1OC(C)(C)C)=O Chemical compound CCC(C1=CCCc(c(cccc2)c2cc2)c2S1)/N=C/c(cc(CCOC(c(cc1)ccc1OC(C)(C)C)=O)cc1)c1OC(c(cc1)ccc1OC(C)(C)C)=O BXLZGUYYXRMITM-IJPVNJCPSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/38—Polymers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/08—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of polarising materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F22/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
- C08F22/10—Esters
- C08F22/12—Esters of phenols or saturated alcohols
- C08F22/20—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F22/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical and containing at least one other carboxyl radical in the molecule; Salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof
- C08F22/10—Esters
- C08F22/12—Esters of phenols or saturated alcohols
- C08F22/24—Esters containing sulfur
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D135/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a carboxyl radical, and containing at least another carboxyl radical in the molecule, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D135/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/40—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. silicon, metals
- C09K19/406—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur, e.g. silicon, metals containing silicon
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/14—Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
- G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133633—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation using mesogenic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
- C08F2800/20—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as weight or mass percentages
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compound containing a mesogenic group in which a silicon compound is present at a low concentration, a polymerizable compound containing the mesogenic group, a mixture and composition using these, and a polymerizable mixture having the polymerizable compound,
- the present invention relates to a polymer, an optical anisotropic body, and a retardation film using the polymerizable composition.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is useful as a component of an optical anisotropic body, and the optical anisotropic body is applied to various liquid crystal displays as, for example, a polarizing film and a retardation film.
- Polarizing films and retardation films are prepared by applying a polymerizable liquid crystal composition to a substrate and then aligning the polymerizable liquid crystal composition with an alignment film or the like, or heating or irradiating active energy rays. It is obtained by curing the product.
- the obtained optical anisotropic body is required to have good scratch resistance.
- Patent Document 1 As a method for obtaining an optical anisotropic body imparted with scratch resistance, a method of coating a hard coat layer on a retardation film has been proposed (Patent Document 1).
- the method of coating the hard coat layer on the retardation film has problems in terms of increasing the thickness and cost, and in terms of adhesion between the retardation film and the hard coat layer.
- an optical anisotropic body excellent in scratch resistance can be obtained when a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing a polyfunctional polymerizable compound is used, but depending on the type of the polymerizable compound used, curing may occur. Shrinkage was increased, and the adhesion between the base material layer and the optical anisotropic layer or the adhesion between the optical anisotropic layer and the upper layer was insufficient (Patent Document 2).
- JP 2012-168295 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-350641
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a polymerizable composition from which, when applied to a substrate and becomes an optical anisotropic body, a good scratch resistance and adhesion can be obtained.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical anisotropic body using a polymerizable composition.
- the present invention pays attention to a polymerizable mixture and a compound containing a mesogenic group constituting the polymerizable composition, and as a result of intensive studies, it is included in the polymerizable composition.
- the content of the silicon compound in the mixture comprising a compound containing a mesogenic group affects the scratch resistance and adhesion when the polymerizable composition is coated on a substrate to form an optical anisotropic body. I found it.
- a compound containing a mesogenic group can be obtained through a number of synthesis steps, but each time the synthesis reaction in each step is completed, purification is performed by silica gel column chromatography, alumina column chromatography, or activated carbon treatment. Is going. Therefore, when silica gel column chromatography is used as a purification method, the silicon compound derived from silica gel may not be completely removed in the filtration step after purification, and the silicon compound may remain in the raw material compound.
- the optical anisotropic body manufactured by the polymerizable composition using the raw material compound in which the silicon compound remains is polymerized using the raw material compound in which the silicon compound other than the silicon compound such as silica gel is used as the adsorbent and the silicon compound does not remain. Scratch resistance and adhesion are better than those of optical anisotropic bodies manufactured with an adhesive composition, and optical anisotropic bodies manufactured with a polymerizable composition in which the residual amount of silicon compound exceeds a specific ratio is an alignment performance. Found that the decline.
- the present invention provides a compound containing a mesogenic group in which a silicon compound is present at a low concentration, a mixture, a composition, and a polymerizable composition using the compound, and the polymerizable composition is combined with the compound.
- a compound containing a mesogenic group in which a silicon compound is present at a low concentration a mixture, a composition, and a polymerizable composition using the compound, and the polymerizable composition is combined with the compound.
- an optically anisotropic body and a retardation film having good scratch resistance and good adhesion.
- an optical anisotropic body having good scratch resistance and adhesion, and a retardation film can be obtained.
- a compound containing a mesogenic group in which a silicon compound is present at a low concentration means that a conventional compound containing a mesogenic group includes a filtration step. It is understood that it does not contain so-called impurities such as silicon compounds, but in fact, even when it contains impurities, it is defined as a (single) compound, Even in the case of containing a silicon compound mixed in the purification step, it is not simply a mixture containing a silicon compound, but simply referred to as a compound containing a mesogenic group.
- the polymerizable composition may be referred to as a polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
- the “liquid crystal” means that the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is applied to a substrate, dried, and then irradiated with light such as ultraviolet rays. Alternatively, it is intended to exhibit liquid crystallinity when polymerized by heating.
- the compound containing a mesogenic group of the present invention is characterized by a low concentration of silicon compound.
- the content of the silicon compound mixed in the compound containing a mesogenic group can be measured with a fluorescent X-ray analyzer or an ICP emission analyzer.
- the silicon content is 0.7 ppm by weight or more and 1000 ppm by weight or less in the whole mixture.
- it is preferably 0.8 ppm to 500 ppm by weight, more preferably 1 ppm to 200 ppm by weight, and particularly preferably 1 ppm to 50 ppm by weight.
- the silicon content of the silicon compound to be mixed is a composition containing a compound containing two or more kinds of the mesogenic groups
- the silicon content is 0.7 ppm by weight or more in the whole composition. It is preferably controlled to 1000 ppm by weight or less, then 0.8 ppm to 500 ppm by weight is preferable, 1 ppm to 200 ppm by weight is more preferable, 1 ppm to 50 ppm by weight is particularly preferable .
- the silicon content is preferably controlled to 0.7 ppm to 1000 ppm by weight, and more preferably 1 ppm to 800 ppm by weight. It is preferably 1 ppm by weight or more and 500 ppm by weight or less, more preferably 1 ppm by weight or more and 200 ppm by weight or less.
- a compound having one polymerizable functional group in the molecule can be used as long as it is recognized as a compound exhibiting liquid crystallinity when a plurality of compounds are mixed to form a mixture. Or even if it is a compound which has two or more, and it is a compound which does not have a polymerizable functional group in a molecule
- the mesogenic group is composed of a ring structure and a linking group that connects the ring structure, and the portion that connects the ring structure and the ring structure is composed of a linking group having a number of atoms of 2 or less or a single bond. It means a moiety composed of two or more ring structures.
- a compound having one polymerizable functional group in the molecule is preferable because a mixture containing a low temperature around room temperature as a liquid crystal temperature range is preferable when a mixture is used.
- examples of such compounds include, for example, Handbook of Liquid Crystals (D. Demus, JW Goodby, GW Gray, HW Spies, V. Vill, edited by Wiley-VCH, 1998). , Quarterly Chemical Review No.
- the compound having one or more polymerizable functional groups is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- P represents a polymerizable functional group
- Sp represents an alkylene group having 0 to 18 carbon atoms (the alkylene group may be substituted with one or more halogen atoms or CN, and is not adjacent to one CH 2 group present in the group)
- Two or more CH 2 groups are independently of each other such that —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CO—, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCOO-, -SCO-, -COS- or -C ⁇ C- may be substituted).
- One CH 2 group present or two or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups are each independently of each other in a form in which oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other, —O—, —S—, —NH—, May be replaced by —N (CH 3 ) —, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —SCO—, —COS— or —C ⁇ C—, or R 1 is generally Formula (1-a)
- the polymerizable functional group is preferably a vinyl group, a vinyl ether group, an acrylic group, a (meth) acryl group, a glycidyl group, an oxetanyl group, a maleimide group, or a thiol group.
- a vinyl group or a vinyl ether group An acrylic group, a (meth) acryl group, and a glycidyl group are more preferable, a vinyl group, a vinyl ether group, an acrylic group, and a (meth) acryl group are more preferable, and an acrylic group and a (meth) acryl group are particularly preferable.
- A1, A2 and A3 are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-cyclohexenyl group, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, 1, 3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, tetrahydrothiopyran-2,5-diyl group, 1,4-bicyclo (2,2,2) octylene group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, pyridine- 2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyrazine-2,5-diyl group, thiophene-2,5-diyl group-, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6- Diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, 9,10-dihydrophenant
- P represents a reactive functional group
- A represents —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 CH 2 OCO—, —COOCH 2 CH 2 —, —OCOCH 2 CH 2 —, or a single bond
- Sp represents a spacer group having 0 to 18 carbon atoms
- n represents 0 or 1
- m represents 0 or 1.
- You may have Z0, Z1, Z2 and Z3 are each independently —COO—, —OCO—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH ⁇ CH—, —C ⁇ C— , —CH ⁇ CHCOO—, —CF ⁇ CF—, —CF 2 O—, —OCOCH ⁇ CH—, —CH 2 CH 2 COO—, —CH 2 CH 2 OCO—, —COOCH 2 CH 2 —, —OCOCH 2 CH 2 —, —CONH—, —NHCO—, an alkyl group which may have a halogen atom having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or a single bond; n represents 0, 1 or 2. ).
- Z 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
- Z 5 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- t represents 0 or 1
- B, C and D are each independently a 1,4-phenylene group, a 1,4-phenylene group in which a non-adjacent CH group is substituted with nitrogen, a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, one or two non-adjacent 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-cyclohexenyl group, 1,4-bicyclo (2,2,2) octylene group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6 in which CH 2 group is substituted by oxygen or sulfur atom -Diyl group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyrazine-2,5-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-te
- Z 6 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
- Z 7 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- the total content of monofunctional compounds having one polymerizable functional group in the molecule is preferably 0 to 95% by mass, preferably 0 to 90% by mass, of the total content of the polymerizable composition. More preferably, the content is particularly preferably 0 to 85% by mass.
- R 1 is a bifunctional compound having two polymerizable functional groups in the molecule represented by the general formula (1-a). And the compound represented by 2-1).
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (2-1) are shown below, but are not limited thereto.
- the total content of the compound represented by the general formula (2-1) is preferably 5 to 100% by mass, more preferably 8 to 100% by mass, out of the total content of the polymerizable composition.
- the content is preferably 10 to 100% by mass.
- a so-called reverse dispersion type polymerizable liquid crystal compound having this characteristic can also be contained in the polymerizable composition of the present invention. Specific examples thereof include compounds represented by the following general formula (3-1).
- P represents a polymerizable functional group
- Sp represents a spacer group or a single bond
- a 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 each independently represents a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , and X 4 each independently represent a divalent linking group or a single bond
- R 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, or “* -Sp—P” (* represents bonding to A 4 or A 3 )
- m and n each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4 (where m + n is an integer of 2 or more)
- B is a group represented by the following formula (i) or formula (ii).
- T 1 represents —S—, —O—, —CH 2 —, —NH—, —CO—, —SO— or —CS—
- T 2 represents “ ⁇ CR 2 —” or “ ⁇ N—”
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group or a hydroxyl group
- R 3 represents An alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group is represented.
- T 3 and T 4 each independently represents —S—, —O—, —NR 6 —, —CH 2 —, —NH—, —CO—, —SO— or —CS—.
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group or a hydroxyl group
- R 4 and R 5 are Each independently represents a monovalent substituent or forms a ring via Y connecting R 4 and R 5 .
- the compound represented by the general formula (3-1) preferably has liquid crystallinity before polymerization. That is, the compound represented by the general formula (3-1) is preferably a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- polymerizable functional group represented by P in the general formula (1) groups used in conventional polymerizable liquid crystal compounds can be applied without limitation.
- a vinyl group a p-stilbene group, an acrylic group ( (Acryloyl group), methacryl group (methacryloyl group), acryloyloxy group, methacryloyloxy group, carboxyl group, methylcarbonyl group, hydroxyl group, amide group, alkylamino group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, amino group, epoxy group, oxetanyl group Aldehyde group, isocyanate group or thioisocyanate group.
- Suitable polymerizable functional group P includes a substituent selected from the group consisting of substituents represented by the following general formula (II-c), general formula (II-d) and general formula (II-e). .
- R 21 , R 22 , R 23 , R 32 , R 33 , R 41 , R 42 and R 43 are: Each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and n represents 0 or 1.
- R 31 in the general formula (II-d) represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- the left end of the polymerizable functional group represented by the above general formula is bonded to Sp of the general formula (3-1).
- the alkyl group is preferably a linear or branched alkyl group, and more preferably a linear alkyl group.
- polymerizable functional groups represented by the above general formula from the viewpoint of enhancing the polymerizability and the storage stability, selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the general formula (II-c) and general formula (II-d) And a group selected from the group consisting of groups represented by formula (II-d) is more preferable.
- the polymerizable functional group represented by the general formula (II-c), general formula (II-d), or general formula (II-e) include the following reactive functional groups (P-1) to (P- 8). Of these reactive functional groups, the following (P-1) or (P-2) is preferred, and the following (P-1) is more preferred from the viewpoint of enhancing the polymerizability and storage stability.
- the right ends of the polymerizable functional groups represented by the following (P-1) to (P-8) are bonded to Sp of the general formula (3-1).
- Sp in the general formula (3-1) is a spacer group or a single bond.
- the spacer group is a divalent linking group capable of linking the polymerizable functional group P and A 1 or A 2 and includes a linking group that does not impair the liquid crystallinity of the compound represented by the general formula (3-1).
- Suitable Sp includes, for example, a linear alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- each two or more CH 2 groups independently of each two or more CH 2 groups not one CH 2 group or adjacent existing in the alkylene group each other, between an oxygen atom, together sulfur atom, and to and from an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom
- —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCOO—, —SCO—, —COS— It may be replaced by —CH ⁇ CH— or —C ⁇ C—.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 3 to 8, and further preferably 3 to 6, from the viewpoint of improving liquid crystallinity.
- the cyclic groups A 1 , A 2 , A 3 , A 4 in the general formula (3-1) each independently represent a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the cyclic group may be an aromatic heterocyclic group.
- Examples of the cyclic group include 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-cyclohexenyl group, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, 1,3-dioxane-2, 5-diyl group, tetrahydrothiopyran-2,5-diyl group, 1,4-bicyclo (2,2,2) octylene group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group , Pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyrazine-2,5-diyl group, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,
- One or more hydrogen atoms include F, Cl, CF 3 , OCF 3 , a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkanoyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, An alkanoyloxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms
- the cyclic groups A 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 in the general formula (3-1) are preferably each independently the above-mentioned 1,4-phenylene group or 1,4-cyclohexylene group. When these cyclic groups are used, it becomes easy to improve the liquid crystallinity of the polymerizable compound of the present embodiment and improve the orientation of the polymer.
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 in the general formula (3-1) each independently represent a divalent linking group or a single bond.
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 and X 4 are each independently — (CH 2 ) u —O—COO—, — (CH 2 ) u —OCO—, — (CH 2 ) u —.
- u represents an integer of 0 to 2, and v represents 1 or 2.
- — (CH 2 ) u —O—COO— and —O—COO— (CH 2 ) u— represent —O—COO—
- — (CH 2 ) u —O — and — O— (CH 2 ) u — represents —O—
- — (CH 2 ) u —COO— and —COO— (CH 2 ) u — represents —COO—
- —OCO— (CH 2 ) u — represents —OCO—.
- m and n each independently represents an integer of 0 to 4, and m + n is an integer of 2 or more.
- m and n are each independently preferably 0 to 3, more preferably 0 to 2, and even more preferably 1 or 2. Further, m and n are preferably the same integer.
- the terminal group R 1 in the general formula (3-1) represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or “* -Sp-P”.
- “*” represents that when n is an integer of 1 or more, it is bonded to A 4 , and when n is 0, it represents that it is bonded to A 3 .
- Sp of “* -Sp-P” and the polymerizable functional group P are the same as described above. When two Sp are present in the molecule, they may be the same or different and are preferably the same. Moreover, when two P exists in a molecule
- the alkyl group may be a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, preferably a linear or branched alkyl group, and more preferably a linear alkyl group. preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is more preferably 2 to 10, more preferably 3 to 8, and further preferably 3 to 6.
- the alkyl group which comprises the said alkoxy group can also illustrate the same group as the said alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group constituting the alkoxy group is preferably 1-8, more preferably 1-6, and still more preferably 1-3.
- the terminal group R 1 is “* -Sp— P ”is preferred.
- two Sp present in the molecule may be the same or different, and preferably the same, and two P present in the molecule may be the same or different. Often the same.
- the central skeleton B in the general formula (3-1) is a group represented by the following formula (i) or formula (ii).
- T 1 represents —S—, —O—, —CH 2 —, —NH—, —CO—, —SO— or —CS—, and is —NH— or —S—. Of these, —S— is more preferable.
- T 2 represents “ ⁇ CR 2 —” or “ ⁇ N—”, R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Represents an alkoxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group or a hydroxyl group.
- T 2 is preferably ⁇ CH—, ⁇ C (—CH 3 ) —, ⁇ C (—OCH 3 ) — or ⁇ N—, and more preferably ⁇ N—.
- R 2 is an alkyl group or an alkoxy group
- examples of the alkyl group constituting R 2 and the alkyl group constituting the alkoxy group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, sec- Examples thereof include a butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2, and still more preferably 1.
- R 2 is a halogen atom, it is preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.
- Preferred combinations of T 1 and T 2 are represented by the following general formulas (i-1) to (i-5).
- R 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- R 3 is preferably an alicyclic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- the hydrogen atom contained in the alicyclic hydrocarbon group and aromatic hydrocarbon group is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group,- It may be substituted with a C ⁇ C—CH 3 group or a hydroxyl group.
- a nitro group, a cyano group, and a —C ⁇ C—CH 3 group are preferable from the viewpoint of improving liquid crystallinity and orientation of the polymerizable compound.
- the alkyl group and the alkyl group constituting the alkoxy group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2, and still more preferably 1.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon group preferably has 4 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 5 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alicyclic hydrocarbon group include groups represented by the following formulas (i-6-1) to (i-6-4).
- a part of carbon atoms constituting these alicyclic hydrocarbon groups may be substituted with a hetero atom such as a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom.
- Examples of such alicyclic groups include groups represented by the following formulas (i-6-5) to (i-6-10).
- “*” represents bonding to the carbon atom to which R 3 of the general formula (i) is bonded.
- the groups (i-6-1) to (i-6-10) are preferable.
- the groups (i-6-1) and (i-6-2) may have the above-described substituent, and examples of the substituent include a nitro group, a cyano group, and a —C ⁇ C—CH 3 group. Is preferred.
- the substituent is preferably bonded to the 4-position of the group (i-6-1) or the 3-position of the group (i-6-2).
- the carbon atom bonded to the “*” is the 1-position.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 6-20, and more preferably 6-14.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group include groups represented by the following formulas (i-7-1) to (i-7-13). In the formula, “*” represents bonding to the carbon atom to which R 3 of the general formula (i) is bonded.
- the ring structure preferably has the above-described substituent, and the substituent is preferably a nitro group, a cyano group, or a —C ⁇ C—CH 3 group.
- T 3 and T 4 are each independently —S—, —O—, —NR 2 —, —CH 2 —, —NH—, —CO—, —SO— or —CS—. Represents.
- R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, or a hydroxyl group.
- T 3 and T 4 may be the same or different. When T 3 and T 4 are both —NR 6 —, the two R 6 may be the same as or different from each other.
- T 3 is -O -, - NR 6 - or is preferably -S-, -NR 6 - or more preferably from -S-, and further preferably -S-.
- T 4 is -O -, - NR 6 - or is preferably -S-, -NR 6 - or more preferably from -S-, and further preferably -S-.
- R 6 is an alkyl group or an alkoxy group
- examples of the alkyl group constituting R 6 and the alkyl group constituting the alkoxy group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, sec- Examples thereof include a butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, and a hexyl group.
- the alkyl group preferably has 1 to 4 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2, and still more preferably 1.
- R 6 is a halogen atom, it is preferably a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom.
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a monovalent substituent, or form a ring via Y connecting R 4 and R 5 .
- Examples of the monovalent substituent for R 4 and R 5 are each independently an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, a bicycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cycloalkenyl group, a bicycloalkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic ring.
- R 4 and R 5 are each independently —O—, —S—, —SO—, —SO 2 —, —NR— (R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent), ⁇ N—, From ⁇ N (+) R— (R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent), —CO—, —CS— and ⁇ CR— (R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent). Any group selected from the group consisting of Here, when R is a monovalent substituent, examples of the monovalent substituent include the case where R 4 and R 5 described above are monovalent substituents.
- Y represents 2 to 4 atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms and non-metal atoms of Groups 14 to 16, and together with R 4 —C—R 5 described in the above general formula (ii-1)
- R Y represents 2 to 4 atoms selected from the group consisting of carbon atoms and non-metal atoms of Groups 14 to 16, and together with R 4 —C—R 5 described in the above general formula (ii-1)
- ring Y A 5- to 7-membered ring (hereinafter sometimes referred to as ring Y) is formed.
- R Y include the case where R 4 and R 5 described above are monovalent substituents.
- S 11 represents a spacer group or a single bond, and when there are a plurality of S 11, they may be the same or different, and X 11 represents —O —, —S—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CO—S—, —S—CO—, —O—CO—O—, — CO—NH—, —NH—CO—, —SCH 2 —, —CH 2 S—, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, —CF 2 S—, —SCF 2 —, —CH ⁇ CH—COO —, —CH ⁇ CH—OCO—, —COO—CH ⁇ CH—, —OCO—CH ⁇ CH—, —COO—CH 2 CH 2 —, —OCO—CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 — COO -,
- R 11 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom, pentafluoro Sulfuranyl group, cyano group, nitro group, isocyano group, thioisocyano group, or one —CH 2 — or two or more non-adjacent —CH 2 — are each independently —O—, —S —, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CO—S—, —S—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —CO—NH—, —NH—CO— or —C ⁇ C.
- G represents the following formula: (G-1) or formula (G-3)
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, or one —CH 2 — or two or more non-adjacent —CH 2 — are each independently —O—, —S—, —CO—, — May be substituted by COO-, -OCO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-NH-, -NH-CO- or -C ⁇ C-
- a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms is represented, and any hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and W 1 has at least one aromatic group.
- W 2 may be a hydrogen atom or one —CH 2 — or adjacent to not more than one -CH 2 - are each independently -O -, - S -, - CO -, - COO -, - OCO , —CO—S—, —S—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —CO—NH—, —NH—CO—, —CH ⁇ CH—COO—, —CH ⁇ CH—OCO—, — Linear or branched having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted by COO—CH ⁇ CH—, —OCO—CH ⁇ CH—, —CH ⁇ CH—, —CF ⁇ CF— or —C ⁇ C— It represents an Jo alkyl group, any hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted by a fluorine atom, or, W 2 may represent the same
- M1 and m2 each independently represents an integer of 0 to 5, but m1 + m2 represents an integer of 1 to 5
- L is fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, pentafluorosulfuranyl group, nitro group, isocyano group, amino group, hydroxyl group, mercapto group, methylamino group, dimethylamino group, diethylamino group, diisopropyl
- P 11 represents the following formula (P-1) to formula (P-20)
- k is 1, and S 11 is independently —O—, wherein one —CH 2 — or two or more non-adjacent —CH 2 — are each independently 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be replaced by —COO—, —OCO—, —OCO—O—, —CO—NH—, —NH—CO—, —CH ⁇ CH— or —C ⁇ C—. It preferably represents an alkylene group.
- the total number of ⁇ electrons contained in W 1 and W 2 is preferably 6 to 24.
- the aromatic group contained in W 1 is represented by the following formulas (W-1) to (W-19):
- these groups may have a bond at any position, and Q 1 is —O—, —S—, —NR 3 — (wherein R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a carbon atom number of 1).
- —CO— wherein —CH ⁇ in these aromatic groups may be independently replaced by —N ⁇ , and —CH 2 — is independently —O—, —S—, —NR 4 — (wherein R 4 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms) or —CO— may be substituted.
- O-bonds are not included, and these aromatic groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more L, and a group in which two or more aromatic groups selected from these groups are linked by a single bond It is preferable that it is a group represented by:
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (3-2) are shown below, but are not limited thereto.
- P 21 and P 22 each independently represent a polymerizable group
- S 21 and S 22 each independently represent a spacer group or a single bond
- X 21 and X 22 are each independently —O—, —S—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CO—S—, —S—.
- the mesogenic group MG 21 has the formula (8-a)
- a 81 and A 82 are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, pyridine-2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, naphthalene-2,6-diyl.
- the groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more L, but when a plurality of A 81 and / or A 82 appear, they may be the same or different, Z 81 and Z 82 are each independently —O—, —S—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —CH 2 CH 2 —, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CO.
- G is the following formula (G-1) or formula (G-2)
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the alkyl group may be linear or branched, and any of the alkyl groups the hydrogen atoms may be substituted by a fluorine atom, one -CH 2 in the alkyl group - or nonadjacent two or more -CH 2 - are each independently -O -, - S- , —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CO—S—, —S—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —CO—NH—, —NH—CO— or —C ⁇ C—.
- W 1 represents a group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms having at least one aromatic group, and the group may be unsubstituted or substituted by one or more L
- W 1 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the alkyl group is linear.
- Any hydrogen atom in the alkyl group may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and one —CH 2 — or two or more non-adjacent ones in the alkyl group may be substituted
- j81 and j82 each independently represent an integer from 0 to 5, while j81 + j82 represents an integer from 1 to 5. ) Is preferred.
- the polymerizable groups P 21 and P 22 are each independently represented by the general formulas (P-1) to (P-20)
- liquid crystal compounds can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a monofunctional compound having one polymerizable functional group in the molecule represented by the general formula (1-1) or the general formula (1-2), or a general formula (2-1) A bifunctional compound having two polymerizable functional groups in the molecule, or three or more polymers in the molecule represented by the following general formulas (4-1) to (4-7)
- a polyfunctional compound having a functional functional group can also be used in combination.
- the total content of the compounds represented by the general formulas (3-1), (3-2) and (3-3) is 10 to 100% by mass of the total content of the polymerizable composition.
- the content is preferably 20 to 100% by mass, more preferably 30 to 100% by mass.
- examples of the polyfunctional compound having three or more polymerizable functional groups in the molecule include the following exemplified compounds.
- the total content of the polyfunctional compound having three or more polymerizable functional groups in the molecule is preferably 0 to 30% by mass of the total content of the polymerizable composition, and preferably 0 to 25% by mass.
- the content is more preferably 0 to 20% by mass.
- the liquid crystal composition of the present invention may contain a compound containing a mesogenic group having no polymerizable group, such as a normal liquid crystal device such as STN (Super Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal, TN (The compound used for a twisted nematic liquid crystal, TFT (thin film transistor) liquid crystal, etc. is mentioned.
- a normal liquid crystal device such as STN (Super Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal, TN ( The compound used for a twisted nematic liquid crystal, TFT (thin film transistor) liquid crystal, etc. is mentioned.
- the compound containing a mesogenic group having no polymerizable functional group is preferably a compound represented by the following general formula (5).
- A1, A2 and A3 are each independently 1,4-phenylene group, 1,4-cyclohexylene group, 1,4-cyclohexenyl group, tetrahydropyran-2,5-diyl group, 1, 3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group, tetrahydrothiopyran-2,5-diyl group, 1,4-bicyclo (2,2,2) octylene group, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl group, pyridine- 2,5-diyl group, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group, pyrazine-2,5-diyl group, thiophene-2,5-diyl group-, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6- Diyl group, 2,6-naphthylene group, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl group, 9,10-dihydrophenant
- a chiral compound may be blended for the purpose of obtaining a chiral nematic phase.
- compounds having a polymerizable functional group in the molecule are particularly preferred.
- an acryloyloxy group is particularly preferable.
- the compounding amount of the chiral compound needs to be appropriately adjusted depending on the helical induction force of the compound, but it is preferably 0 to 85% by mass, preferably 0 to 80% by mass, of the total amount of the polymerizable compound and chiral compound used. %, More preferably 0 to 75% by mass.
- chiral compounds include compounds of formulas (6-1) to (6-8).
- n represents an integer of 2 to 12.
- Specific examples of the chiral compound further include compounds of the formulas (6-9) to (6-12).
- Organic solvent used in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but an organic solvent in which the polymerizable compound exhibits good solubility is preferable, and the organic solvent can be dried at a temperature of 100 ° C. or less. preferable.
- organic solvents include aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, cumene, and mesitylene, ester solvents such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, and butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclohexane, and the like.
- Ketone solvents such as pentanone, ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane and anisole, amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate , Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, chlorobenzene and the like.
- amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, chlorobenzene and the like.
- amide solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, chlorobenzene and the like.
- the ratio of the organic solvent used is not particularly limited as long as the polymerizable liquid crystal composition used in the present invention is usually applied by coating, so long as the applied state is not significantly impaired, but is contained in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
- the total amount of the polymerizable compounds is preferably 1 to 60% by mass, more preferably 3 to 55% by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 50% by mass.
- the heating temperature at the time of heating and stirring may be appropriately adjusted in consideration of the solubility of the polymerizable compound to be used in the organic solvent, but is preferably 15 ° C. to 110 ° C., more preferably 15 ° C. to 105 ° C. from the viewpoint of productivity. 15 ° C. to 100 ° C. is more preferable, and 20 ° C. to 90 ° C. is particularly preferable.
- the dispersion stirrer when preparing the polymerizable liquid crystal composition, it is preferable to stir and mix with a dispersion stirrer.
- the dispersion stirrer include a disperser having a stirring blade such as a disper, a propeller, and a turbine blade, a paint shaker, a planetary stirring device, a shaker, a shaker, or a rotary evaporator.
- an ultrasonic irradiation apparatus can be used.
- the number of rotations of stirring when preparing the polymerizable solution is preferably adjusted as appropriate depending on the stirring device used. However, in order to obtain a uniform polymerizable solution, the number of rotations of stirring is preferably 10 rpm to 1000 rpm, and 50 rpm to 800 rpm. Is more preferable, and 150 rpm to 600 rpm is particularly preferable.
- Polymerization inhibitor, antioxidant In order to improve the solution stability of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention, it is preferable to add a polymerization inhibitor and / or an antioxidant.
- a polymerization inhibitor and / or an antioxidant examples include hydroquinone derivatives, nitrosamine polymerization inhibitors, hindered phenol antioxidants, and more specifically, p-methoxyphenol, tert-butylhydroquinone, methylhydroquinone, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- the addition amount of the polymerization inhibitor and the antioxidant is preferably 0.01 to 1.0% by mass and preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass with respect to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. More preferred.
- Photopolymerization initiator It is preferable to contain at least one photopolymerization initiator.
- photopolymerization initiator Specifically, “Irgacure 651”, “Irgacure 184”, “Irgacure 907”, “Irgacure 127”, “Irgacure 369”, “Irgacure 379”, “Irgacure 819”, “Irgacure 2959”, “Irgacure” of BASF “OXE01”, “Irgacure OXE02”, “Lucirin TPO”, “Darocur 1173”, “EsaCure 1001M”, “Esacure KIP150”, “SpeedCure BEM”, “SpeedCure BMS”, “SpeedCure MBP”, “ “Speed Cure PBZ”, “Speed Cure ITX”, “Speed Cure DETX”, “Speed Cure EBD”, “Speed Cure MBB”, “Speed Cure BP” and Nippon Kayaku'
- the amount of the photopolymerization initiator used is preferably from 0.1 to 10% by mass, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 5% by mass, based on the polymerizable solution. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and a sensitizer or the like may be added.
- thermal polymerization initiator may be used in combination with the photopolymerization initiator in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention.
- specific examples include “V-40” and “VF-096” manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., “Perhexyl D” and “Perhexyl I” manufactured by Nippon Oil & Fats.
- the amount of the thermal polymerization initiator used is preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention may contain at least one surfactant in order to reduce film thickness unevenness when an optical anisotropic body is used.
- Surfactants that can be included include alkyl carboxylates, alkyl phosphates, alkyl sulfonates, fluoroalkyl carboxylates, fluoroalkyl phosphates, fluoroalkyl sulfonates, polyoxyethylene derivatives, fluoro Examples thereof include alkylethylene oxide derivatives, polyethylene glycol derivatives, alkylammonium salts, fluoroalkylammonium salts and the like, and fluorine-containing surfactants are particularly preferable.
- the addition amount of the surfactant is preferably 0.01 to 2% by mass and more preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass with respect to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a weight average molecular weight of 100 or more having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (7) in order to effectively reduce the tilt angle of the air interface when it is an optical anisotropic body. It is possible to contain at least one compound that is
- R 11 , R 12 , R 13 and R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and one hydrocarbon atom in the hydrocarbon group
- suitable compounds represented by the general formula (7) include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, paraffin, liquid paraffin, chlorinated polypropylene, chlorinated paraffin, and chlorinated liquid paraffin.
- the compound represented by the general formula (7) is preferably added in the step of preparing a polymerizable solution by mixing a polymerizable compound in an organic solvent and stirring under heating.
- the addition amount of the compound represented by the general formula (7) is preferably 0.01 to 1% by mass, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass with respect to the polymerizable solution. .
- a chain transfer agent in order to further improve the adhesion with the base material in the case of an optical anisotropic body.
- the chain transfer agent is preferably a thiol compound, more preferably a monothiol, dithiol, trithiol, or tetrathiol compound, and even more preferably a trithiol compound.
- compounds represented by the following general formulas (7-1) to (7-12) are preferable.
- the chain transfer agent is preferably added in a step of preparing a polymerizable solution by mixing a polymerizable compound in an organic solvent and heating and stirring, but it is added in a step of mixing a polymerization initiator in the subsequent polymerizable solution. It may be added in both steps.
- the addition amount of the chain transfer agent is preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass and more preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by mass with respect to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
- a non-polymerizable liquid crystal compound or a non-liquid crystalline polymerizable compound is preferably added in the step of preparing a polymerizable solution by mixing the polymerizable compound with an organic solvent and stirring under heating. You may add in the process of mixing a polymerization initiator with a solution, and may add in both processes. The amount of these compounds added is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 10% by mass or less, and still more preferably 5% by mass or less with respect to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
- additives such as a thixotropic agent, an ultraviolet absorber, an infrared absorber, an antioxidant, a surface treatment agent, and the like may be added according to the purpose. It can be added to such an extent that the orientation ability is not significantly reduced.
- a compound containing two or more mesogenic groups with a low concentration of the silicon compound content of the present invention in a specific range, and a compound containing two or more mesogenic groups in an organic solvent As another method for producing the composition, a mixture obtained by purifying a silicon compound such as silica gel with a raw material compound containing two or more kinds of mesogenic groups, or two or more kinds in an organic solvent. The method of filtering the composition which melt
- the pore size of the filter is preferably from 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably from 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.45 ⁇ m, still more preferably from 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.22 ⁇ m.
- the film thickness of the filter is preferably 60 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the content of the silicon compound in the mixture and the composition can be reduced by increasing the number of filtration steps from one to a plurality of times, for example, using a filter having a pore size of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- An optical anisotropic body with good scratch resistance and adhesion can be obtained by using a mixture or a composition further filtered using a filter having a pore size of 0.1 ⁇ m after filtration.
- the organic compound using a filter is passed in advance so that the raw material compound can easily pass through the pores.
- the content of the silicon compound in the composition can be effectively reduced. Furthermore, the content of the silicon compound after filtration can be adjusted by the pressurizing conditions during filtration. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately adjust the pore size of the filter to be used in consideration of the purification cost and the purification time, taking into consideration the pressurizing conditions during filtration, the number of times of filtration, and the like.
- Filter materials are paper, cloth, nonwoven fabric, cellulose, nitrocellulose, cellulose mixed ester, cellulose acetate, polypropylene, nylon, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), hydrophilic PTFE, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethersulfone (PES) ), Glass fiber, etc., PTFE or polyvinylidene fluoride is preferred.
- optical anisotropic body manufacturing method (Optical anisotropic)
- the optical anisotropic body produced using the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention is obtained by sequentially laminating a base material, if necessary, an alignment film, and a polymer of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
- the substrate used for the optical anisotropic body of the present invention is a substrate that is usually used for liquid crystal devices, displays, optical components and optical films, and is heated during drying after the application of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention. If it is the material which has heat resistance which can endure, there will be no restriction
- a substrate include organic materials such as a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a ceramic substrate, and a plastic substrate.
- the substrate when the substrate is an organic material, examples thereof include cellulose derivatives, polyolefins, polyesters, polyolefins, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, polyarylates, polyether sulfones, polyimides, polyphenylene sulfides, polyphenylene ethers, nylons, and polystyrenes.
- plastic substrates such as polyester, polystyrene, polyolefin, cellulose derivatives, polyarylate, and polycarbonate are preferable.
- these substrates may be subjected to surface treatment.
- the surface treatment include ozone treatment, plasma treatment, corona treatment, silane coupling treatment, and the like.
- an organic thin film, an inorganic oxide thin film, a metal thin film, etc. are provided on the surface of the substrate by a method such as vapor deposition, or in order to add optical added value.
- the material may be a pickup lens, a rod lens, an optical disk, a retardation film, a light diffusion film, a color filter, or the like. Among these, a pickup lens, a retardation film, a light diffusion film, and a color filter that have higher added value are preferable.
- the substrate is usually subjected to an alignment treatment or provided with an alignment film so that the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is aligned when the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention is applied and dried.
- the alignment treatment include stretching treatment, rubbing treatment, polarized ultraviolet visible light irradiation treatment, ion beam treatment, and the like.
- the alignment film a known and conventional alignment film is used.
- alignment films include polyimide, polysiloxane, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyphenylene ether, polyarylate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether sulfone, epoxy resin, epoxy acrylate resin, acrylic resin, coumarin compound, chalcone.
- the compound examples include compounds, cinnamate compounds, fulgide compounds, anthraquinone compounds, azo compounds, and arylethene compounds.
- the compound subjected to the alignment treatment by rubbing is preferably an alignment treatment or a compound in which crystallization of the material is promoted by inserting a heating step after the alignment treatment.
- Application methods for obtaining the optical anisotropic body of the present invention include applicator method, bar coating method, spin coating method, roll coating method, direct gravure coating method, reverse gravure coating method, flexo coating method, ink jet method, and die coating.
- a publicly known method such as a method, a cap coating method, a dip coating method, or a slit coating method can be used.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is applied and then dried.
- the liquid crystal compound in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is generally in a state in which it is horizontally aligned, vertically aligned, hybrid aligned, or cholesteric aligned (planar aligned) with respect to the substrate. It is performed by irradiation with light such as ultraviolet rays or by heating.
- irradiation with ultraviolet light specifically, irradiation with ultraviolet light of 390 nm or less is preferable, and irradiation with light having a wavelength of 250 to 370 nm is most preferable.
- the polymerizable composition causes decomposition or the like due to ultraviolet light of 390 nm or less
- This light is preferably diffused light and unpolarized light.
- Examples of the method for polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention include a method of irradiating active energy rays and a thermal polymerization method. However, since the reaction proceeds at room temperature without requiring heating, active energy rays are used. A method of irradiating is preferable, and among them, a method of irradiating light such as ultraviolet rays is preferable because the operation is simple.
- the temperature at the time of irradiation is preferably set to 30 ° C. or less as much as possible in order to avoid the induction of thermal polymerization of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition so that the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention can maintain the liquid crystal phase.
- the liquid crystal composition usually has a liquid crystal phase within a range from the C (solid phase) -N (nematic) transition temperature (hereinafter abbreviated as the CN transition temperature) to the NI transition temperature in the temperature rising process. Indicates.
- the CN transition temperature N (nematic) transition temperature
- the temperature lowering process since the thermodynamically non-equilibrium state is obtained, there is a case where the liquid crystal state is not solidified even at a temperature below the CN transition temperature. This state is called a supercooled state.
- the liquid crystal composition in a supercooled state is also included in the state in which the liquid crystal phase is retained.
- irradiation with ultraviolet light of 390 nm or less is preferable, and irradiation with light having a wavelength of 250 to 370 nm is most preferable.
- the polymerizable composition causes decomposition or the like due to ultraviolet light of 390 nm or less
- This light is preferably diffused light and unpolarized light.
- Ultraviolet irradiation intensity in the range of 0.05kW / m 2 ⁇ 10kW / m 2 is preferred.
- the range of 0.2 kW / m 2 to 2 kW / m 2 is preferable.
- the orientation state of the unpolymerized part is changed by applying an electric field, a magnetic field or temperature, and then the unpolymerized part is polymerized.
- An optical anisotropic body having a plurality of regions having orientation directions can also be obtained.
- the alignment was regulated in advance by applying an electric field, magnetic field or temperature to the unpolymerized polymerizable liquid crystal composition, and the state was maintained.
- An optical anisotropic body having a plurality of regions having different orientation directions can also be obtained by irradiating light from above the mask and polymerizing it.
- the optical anisotropic body obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be peeled off from the substrate and used alone as an optical anisotropic body, or it can be used as an optical anisotropic body as it is without peeling off from the substrate. You can also In particular, since it is difficult to contaminate other members, it is useful when used as a laminated substrate or by being attached to another substrate.
- a polymer obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention in a state of horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, hybrid alignment, or cholesteric alignment is an optically anisotropic film having an alignment performance, an optical compensation film, a retardation It can be used as a film, a viewing angle widening film, a brightness enhancement film, a reflection film, and a polarizing film.
- the polymer can be used as a heat-dissipating adhesive, sealant, heat-dissipating sheet, and security printing ink.
- Irgacure 907 (D1) Lucillin TPO (D2) Irgacure 819 (D3) TAZ-A (D4) p-Methoxyphenol (E1) Polypropylene (weight average molecular weight (MW): 1275) (F1) Liquid paraffin (F2) Mega Fuck F-554 (F3) BYK361N (F4) Megafuck FC-171 (F5)
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (1) was obtained by adjusting and filtering. (Preparation of polymerizable liquid crystal compositions (2) to (34) and comparative polymerizable liquid crystal compositions (35) to (68))
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (1) of the present invention is represented by the formulas (A1 to A11, B1 to B15, C1) shown in Table 1, Table 3, Table 5, Table 7, or Table 9. And the compounds shown in Table 2, Table 4, Table 6, Table 8, or Table 10 (D1 to D4, E1, F1 to F5, G1 to G4 are substituted with PGMEA (H1), cyclopentanone (H2 ), An organic solvent (ratio shown in Table 1, Table 3, Table 5, Table 7, or Table 9) selected from toluene (H3) using a stirrer having a stirring propeller, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition (1) The same stirring speed and the same solution temperature as those obtained were obtained, and after stirring for 1 hour, membrane filters (PTFE, pore sizes shown in Table 1, Table 3, Table 5, Table 7, or Table 9). The pore size is 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m and the film thickness is 60 to 100 ⁇ m). Compositions (2) to (34) and comparative polymerizable liquid crystal compositions (35) to (
- filtration pressure (MPa) in Table 1, Table 3, Table 5, Table 7, or Table 9 represents the pressure at the time of filtration, and when performing a filtration process in multiple times, all processes are the same pressure. And filtered.
- Presence / absence of liquid passage in Table 1, Table 3, Table 5, Table 7, or Table 9 means that the organic solvent used when the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is manufactured in advance before filtering. Therefore, “Yes” is indicated when the liquid passing step is performed, and “No” is indicated when the liquid passing step is not performed.
- the liquid passing process was “Yes” and filtration was performed a plurality of times, the liquid passing work was performed before all the filtering processes.
- the alignment film polyimide solution is applied to a 0.7 mm thick glass substrate at room temperature using a spin coating method, dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then baked at 200 ° C. for 60 minutes to obtain a coating film. Then, the obtained coating film was rubbed to obtain a substrate.
- the prepared polymerizable liquid crystal composition was applied to the substrate at room temperature with a spin coater and then dried at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes. Then, after leaving it to stand at room temperature for 2 minutes, using a conveyor type high pressure mercury lamp, it was set so that the illuminance was 500 mJ / cm 2 and irradiated with UV light.
- the pencil hardness of the coating film was measured according to JIS K5600-5-4.
- the alignment film polyimide solution is applied to a 0.7 mm thick glass substrate at room temperature using a spin coating method, dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then baked at 200 ° C. for 60 minutes to obtain a coating film. Then, the obtained coating film was rubbed to obtain a substrate.
- the prepared polymerizable liquid crystal composition was applied to the substrate at room temperature with a spin coater (film thickness: 2 ⁇ m), and then dried at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes. After leaving at room temperature for 2 minutes, using a conveyor type high-pressure mercury lamp, the illuminance was set to 500 mJ / cm 2 and UV light was applied.
- a UV coating agent (Unidic V-4025 was applied to the surface obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. According to JIS K5600-5-6, a cross-cut method using a cutter was used. Cuts were made in the shape of a 2 mm square grid, and the adhesion of the multilayer coating film was measured. Category 0: No peeling on any base layer. Category 1: A small peeling of the coating film at the intersection of cuts is confirmed (less than 5%). Classification 2: The coating film is peeled off at the intersection along the cut line (5% or more and less than 15%). Classification 3: The coating film is partially or totally peeled along the cut line (15% or more and less than 35%). Classification 4: The coating film is largely and completely peeled along the cut line (35% or more and less than 65%). Category 5: Category 4 or higher
- the prepared polymerizable liquid crystal composition was coated on a TAC (triacetylcellulose) film at room temperature with a bar coater # 4, and then dried at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes. Then, after leaving at room temperature for 15 minutes, using a conveyor type high pressure mercury lamp, it set so that illumination intensity might be 500 mJ / cm ⁇ 2 >, and irradiated with UV light (orientation 1).
- TAC triacetylcellulose
- the alignment film polyimide solution is applied to a 0.7 mm thick glass substrate at room temperature using a spin coating method, dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes, and then baked at 200 ° C. for 60 minutes to obtain a coating film. Then, the obtained coating film was rubbed to obtain a substrate.
- the prepared polymerizable liquid crystal composition was applied to the substrate with a spin coater and then dried at 80 ° C. for 2 minutes. Then, after leaving at room temperature for 2 minutes, it set so that illumination intensity might be 500 mJ / cm ⁇ 2 >, and irradiated UV light (orientation 2).
- the orientation 2 test of the polymerizable liquid crystal compositions (12) and (16) was performed by applying a polyimide solution for an alignment film on a glass substrate having a thickness of 0.7 mm using a spin coating method at room temperature. After drying at 200 ° C. for 10 minutes, a coating film was obtained by baking at 200 ° C. for 60 minutes, and after applying the polymerizable liquid crystal composition (12) or (16) to the substrate with a spin coater, 80 Dry at 2 ° C. for 2 minutes. Then, after leaving it to stand at room temperature for 2 minutes, it was set so that the illuminance was 500 mJ / cm 2 and irradiated with UV light (no rubbing treatment of the coating film).
- ⁇ There are no defects visually, and there are no defects even when observed with a polarizing microscope.
- ⁇ Some defects are visually observed, and there are non-oriented parts as a whole even when observed with a polarizing microscope. It is shown in the table.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention using a compound containing a mesogenic group with a low concentration of silicon compound is an optically anisotropic material excellent in scratch resistance, adhesion, and orientation.
- the content of the silicon compound contained in the mixture is 50 ppm or less when the mixture is composed of only a compound containing two or more mesogenic groups, the orientation is excellent, the scratch resistance, and An optical anisotropic body excellent in adhesion balance can be obtained.
- the optical anisotropic body is inferior in scratch resistance and adhesion. Only obtained.
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Abstract
Description
Spは炭素原子数0~18のアルキレン基を表し(該アルキレン基は1つ以上のハロゲン原子又はCNにより置換されていても良く、この基中に存在する1つのCH2基又は隣接していない2つ以上のCH2基はそれぞれ相互に独立して、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しない形で、-O-、-S-、-NH-、-N(CH3)-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCOO-、-SCO-、-COS-又は-C≡C-により置き換えられていても良い。)、
mは0又は1を表し、
MGはメソゲン基を表し、
R1は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基又は炭素原子数1~18のアルキル基を表すが、該アルキル基は1つ以上のハロゲン原子又はCNにより置換されていても良く、この基中に存在する1つのCH2基又は隣接していない2つ以上のCH2基はそれぞれ相互に独立して、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しない形で、-O-、-S-、-NH-、-N(CH3)-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCOO-、-SCO-、-COS-又は-C≡C-により置き換えられていても良く、あるいはR1は一般式(1-a)
Z0、Z1、Z2及びZ3はそれぞれ独立して、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2 CH2-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH=CHCOO-、-CF=CF-、-CF2O-、-OCOCH=CH-、-CH2CH2COO-、-CH2CH2OCO-、-COOCH2CH2-、-OCOCH2CH2-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、炭素数2~10のハロゲン原子を有してもよいアルキル基又は単結合を表し、
nは0、1又は2を表す。)で表される。
Z5は水素原子又はメチル基を表し、tは0又は1を表し、
B、C及びDはそれぞれ独立的に、1,4-フェニレン基、隣接しないCH基が窒素で置換された1,4-フェニレン基、1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、1つ又は隣接しない2つのCH2基が酸素又は硫黄原子で置換された1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、1,4-シクロヘキセニル基、1,4-ビシクロ(2,2,2)オクチレン基、デカヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピラジン-2,5-ジイル基、1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、2,6-ナフチレン基、1,4-ナフチレン基を表すが、これらの基は炭素原子数1~7のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルカノイル基、シアノ基又はハロゲン原子で一つ以上置換されていても良く、
Y3及びY4はそれぞれ独立的に単結合、-CH2CH2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-CF2O-、-(CH2)4-、-CH2CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2CH2-、-CH=CHCH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH=CH-、-CH=CHCOO-、-OCOCH=CH-、-CH2CH2COO-、-CH2CH2OCO-、-COOCH2CH2-又は-OCOCH2CH2-を表し、Y5は単結合、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-又は-CH=CHCOO-を表す。)。
Z7は水素原子又はメチル基を表し、
W3は単結合、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-CF2O-、-OCH2CH2CH2-、-CH=CHCH2CH2-、-CH=CHCOO-、-OCOCH=CH-、-COOCH2CH2-、-OCOCH2CH2-又は-O-を表し、
vは1~18の整数を表し、
uは0又は1を表し、
E、F及びGはそれぞれ独立的に、1,4-フェニレン基、隣接しないCH基が窒素原子で置換された1,4-フェニレン基、1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、1つ又は隣接しない2つのCH2基が酸素原子又は硫黄原子で置換された1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、1,4-シクロヘキセニル基、1,4-ビシクロ(2,2,2)オクチレン基、デカヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピラジン-2,5-ジイル基、1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、2,6-ナフチレン基、1,4-ナフチレン基を表すが、これらの基は炭素原子数1~7のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルカノイル基、シアノ基又はハロゲン原子で一つ以上置換されていても良く、
Y6及びY7はそれぞれ独立的に単結合、-CH2CH2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-CF2O-、-(CH2)4-、-CH2CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2CH2-、-CH=CHCH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH=CH-、-CH=CHCOO-、-OCOCH=CH-、-CH2CH2COO-、-CH2CH2OCO-、-COOCH2CH2-又は-OCOCH2CH2-を表し、Y8は単結合、-O-、-COO-、-OCO-又は-CH=CHCOO-を表す。)。
W1及びW2はそれぞれ独立的に単結合、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-CF2O-、-OCH2CH2CH2-、-CH=CHCH2CH2-、-CH=CHCOO-、-OCOCH=CH-、-COOCH2CH2-又は-OCOCH2CH2-又は-O-を表し、
Y1及びY2はそれぞれ独立的に単結合、-CH2CH2-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-C≡C-、-CH=CH-、-CF=CF-、-CF2O-、-(CH2)4-、-CH2CH2CH2O-、-OCH2CH2CH2-、-CH=CHCH2CH2-、-CH2CH2CH=CH-、-CH=CHCOO-、-OCOCH=CH-、-CH2CH2COO-、-CH2CH2OCO-、-COOCH2CH2-又は-OCOCH2CH2-を表し、Y2が複数存在する場合は、同一であっても、異なってもよく、
Aは、1,4-フェニレン基、1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、ナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基を表し、Aが複数存在する場合は、同一であっても、異なってもよく、
Z8、Z9は水素原子又はメチル基を表し、
r及びsはそれぞれ独立的に1~18の整数を表し、
R3~R10は、それぞれ、水素原子、炭素原子数1~7のアルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルカノイル基、シアノ基、又はハロゲン原子から選択される。)。
A1、A2、A3、A4はそれぞれ独立に二価の脂環式炭化水素基又は芳香族炭化水素基を表し、
X1、X2、X3、X4はそれぞれ独立に二価の連結基又は単結合を表し、
R1は炭素原子数1~12のアルキル基、アルコキシ基又は「*-Sp-P」を表し(*はA4又はA3に結合することを表す。)、
m、nはそれぞれ独立に0~4の整数を表し(ただし、m+nは2以上の整数である。)、
Bは下記の式(i)又は式(ii)で表される基である。)
好適な重合性官能基Pとして、下記一般式(II-c)、一般式(II-d)及び一般式(II-e)で表される置換基からなる群より選ばれる置換基が挙げられる。
上記一般式で表される重合性官能基は、その左端が一般式(3-1)のSpに結合する。
前記アルキル基は直鎖又は分岐鎖アルキル基であることが好ましく、直鎖アルキル基であることがより好ましい。前記アルキル基に結合する水素原子の一部又は全部がハロゲン原子によって置換されていてもよい。
一般式(II-c)、一般式(II-d)又は一般式(II-e)で表される重合性官能基としては、例えば以下の反応性官能基(P-1)~(P-8)が挙げられる。これらの反応性官能基のうち、重合性および保存安定性を高める観点から、下記(P-1)又は(P-2)が好ましく、下記(P-1)がより好ましい。下記(P-1)~(P-8)で表される重合性官能基は、その右端が一般式(3-1)のSpに結合する。
好適なSpとしては、例えば、炭素原子数1~20の直鎖状アルキレン基が挙げられる。このアルキレン基中に存在する1つのCH2基又は隣接していない2つ以上のCH2基はそれぞれ相互に独立して、酸素原子同士、硫黄原子同士、及び酸素原子と硫黄原子とが相互に直接結合しない形で、-O-、-S-、-NH-、-N(CH3)-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCOO-、-SCO-、-COS-、-CH=CH-又は-C≡C-により置き換えられていてもよい。前記アルキレン基の炭素原子数は、液晶性を向上させる観点から、2~10が好ましく、3~8がより好ましく、3~6が更に好ましい。
前記環式基としては、例えば、1,4-フェニレン基、1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、1,4-シクロヘキセニル基、テトラヒドロピラン-2,5-ジイル基、1,3-ジオキサン-2,5-ジイル基、テトラヒドロチオピラン-2,5-ジイル基、1,4-ビシクロ(2,2,2)オクチレン基、デカヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピラジン-2,5-ジイル基、1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、2,6-ナフチレン基、フェナントレン-2,7-ジイル基、9,10-ジヒドロフェナントレン-2,7-ジイル基、1,2,3,4,4a,9,10a-オクタヒドロフェナントレン2,7-ジイル基又はフルオレン2,7-ジイル基などが挙げられる。
上記の1,4-フェニレン基、1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、2,6-ナフチレン基、フェナントレン-2,7-ジイル基、9,10-ジヒドロフェナントレン-2,7-ジイル基、1,2,3,4,4a,9,10a-オクタヒドロフェナントレン2,7-ジイル基及びフルオレン2,7-ジイル基に結合する1つ以上の水素原子は、F、Cl、CF3、OCF3、シアノ基、炭素原子数1~8のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~8のアルコキシ基、炭素原子数1~8のアルカノイル基、炭素原子数1~8のアルカノイルオキシ基、炭素原子数2~8のアルケニル基、炭素原子数2~8のアルケニルオキシ基、炭素原子数2~8のアルケノイル基又は炭素原子数2~8のアルケノイルオキシ基により置換されていてもよい。
X1、X2、X3及びX4の好ましい例としては、それぞれ独立に、-(CH2)u-O-COO-、-(CH2) u ―OCO-、-(CH2)u -COO-、-(CH2)u-O ―、-O-COO-(CH2)u-、―OCO-(CH2)u-、-COO-(CH2)u-、-O-(CH2)u-、-O-(CH2)v-O-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH=CHCOO-、-OCOCH=CH-、-N=N-、-C=N-、-N=C‐及び-C=N-N=C‐、-CH2CH2-、単結合が挙げられる。ここで、uは0~2の何れかの整数を表し、vは1または2を表す。uが0である場合、-(CH2)u-O-COO-及び-O-COO-(CH2)u-は-O-COO-を表し、-(CH2)u-O ―及び-O-(CH2)u-は-O-を表し、-(CH2)u -COO-及び-COO-(CH2)u-は-COO-を表し、-(CH2) u ―OCO-及び―OCO-(CH2)u-は―OCO-を表す。
一般式(3-1)中のm、nは、それぞれ独立に0~4の整数を表し、且つ、m+nは2以上の整数である。
本実施形態の重合性化合物の液晶性を向上させる観点から、m、nはそれぞれ独立に、0~3が好ましく、0~2がより好ましく、1又は2が更に好ましい。また、mとnは同じ整数であることが好ましい。
「*-Sp-P」のSp及び重合性官能基Pは、前述と同じである。分子内にSpが2個存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なっていてもよく、同一であることが好ましい。また、分子内にPが2個存在する場合、それらは同一であっても異なっていてもよく、同一であることが好ましい。
前記アルキル基は、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状の何れのアルキル基であってもよく、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状アルキル基であることが好ましく、直鎖状アルキル基であることがより好ましい。前記アルキル基の炭素原子数は、2~10がより好ましく、3~8がより好ましく、3~6が更に好ましい。
前記アルコキシ基を構成するアルキル基も、前記アルキル基と同じ基が例示できる。前記アルコキシ基を構成するアルキル基の炭素原子数は1~8が好ましく、1~6がより好ましく、1~3が更に好ましい。
一般式(i)中、T2は「=CR2-」又は「=N-」を表し、R2は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1~6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~6のアルコキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基又は水酸基を表す。なお、「=CR2-」は「=C(―R2)―」を表し、R2が結合する炭素原子Cに水素原子は結合していない。
一般式(i)中、T2は=CH-、=C(-CH3)―、=C(―OCH3)―又は=N-であることが好ましく、=N-であることがより好ましい。
R2がアルキル基又はアルコキシ基である場合、R2のアルキル基及びアルコキシ基を構成するアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基等が挙げられる。前記アルキル基の炭素原子数は、1~4が好ましく、1又は2がより好ましく、1が更に好ましい。
R2がハロゲン原子である場合、フッ素原子又は塩素原子であることが好ましい。
T1及びT2の好ましい組み合わせを、下記の一般式(i-1)~(i-5)で表す。
前記脂環式炭化水素基及び芳香族炭化水素基に含まれる水素原子は、炭素原子数1~6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~6のアルコキシ基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ニトロ基、-C≡C-CH3基、又は水酸基で置換されていてもよい。ここで例示した置換基のうち、重合性化合物の液晶性及び配向性を向上させる観点から、ニトロ基、シアノ基、及び-C≡C-CH3基が好ましい。
前記アルキル基及び前記アルコキシ基を構成するアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基等が挙げられる。前記アルキル基の炭素原子数は、1~4が好ましく、1又は2がより好ましく、1が更に好ましい。
前記脂環式炭化水素基の炭素原子数は、4~10が好ましく、5~8がより好ましい。前記脂環式炭化水素基としては、例えば、下記式(i-6-1)~(i-6-4)で表される基が挙げられる。また、これらの脂環式炭化水素基を構成する炭素原子の一部が、窒素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子等のヘテロ原子に置換されていてもよい。このような脂環式基としては、例えば、下記式(i-6-5)~(i-6-10)で表される基が挙げられる。式中、「*」は一般式(i)のR3が結合する炭素原子に結合することを表す。
前記芳香族炭化水素基の炭素原子数は、6~20が好ましく、6~14がより好ましい。前記芳香族炭化水素基としては、例えば、下記式(i-7-1)~(i-7-13)で表される基が挙げられる。式中、「*」は一般式(i)のR3が結合する炭素原子に結合することを表す。
一般式(ii)中、T3、T4はそれぞれ独立に、-S-、-O-、-NR2-、-CH2-、-NH-、-CO-、-SO-又は-CS-を表す。ここで、R6は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素原子数1~6のアルキル基、炭素原子数1~6のアルコキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基又は水酸基を表す。T3とT4とは同じであってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。T3及びT4がともに-NR6-である場合には、2つのR6は互いに同じであってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
T3は-O-、-NR6-又は-S-であることが好ましく、-NR6-又は-S-であることがより好ましく、-S-であることが更に好ましい。
T4は-O-、-NR6-又は-S-であることが好ましく、-NR6-又は-S-であることがより好ましく、-S-であることが更に好ましい。
R6がアルキル基又はアルコキシ基である場合、R6のアルキル基及びアルコキシ基を構成するアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、ペンチル基、ヘキシル基等が挙げられる。前記アルキル基の炭素原子数は、1~4が好ましく、1又は2がより好ましく、1が更に好ましい。
R6がハロゲン原子である場合、フッ素原子又は塩素原子であることが好ましい。
一般式(ii)中、R4、R5はそれぞれ独立して一価の置換基を表すか、又は、R4とR5を連結するYを介して環を形成する。
Yは、炭素原子及び第14~16族の非金属原子からなる群から選択される2~4個の原子を表し、上記一般式(ii-1)に記載のR4-C-R5と共に5~7員環(以下、環Yと呼ぶことがある。)を形成する。環Yを構成する原子が置換可能な水素原子を有する場合には、その水素原子が置換基RYによって置換されていてもよい。RYの例としては、前述したR4、R5が一価の置換基である場合の例が挙げられる。
W1及びW2に含まれるπ電子の総数は6から24であるのが好ましい。
W1に含まれる芳香族基は下記の式(W-1)から式(W-19)
S21及びS22は各々独立してスペーサー基を又は単結合を表すが、S21及びS22が複数存在する場合それらは各々同一であっても異なっていても良く、
X21及びX22は各々独立して-O-、-S-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CO-S-、-S-CO-、-O-CO-O-、-CO-NH-、-NH-CO-、-SCH2-、-CH2S-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2S-、-SCF2-、-CH=CH-COO-、-CH=CH-OCO-、-COO-CH=CH-、-OCO-CH=CH-、-COO-CH2CH2-、-OCO-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-COO-、-CH2CH2-OCO-、-COO-CH2-、-OCO-CH2-、-CH2-COO-、-CH2-OCO-、-CH=CH-、-N=N-、-CH=N-N=CH-、-CF=CF-、-C≡C-又は単結合を表すが、X21及びX22が複数存在する場合それらは各々同一であっても異なっていても良く(ただし、各P-(S-X)-結合には-O-O-を含まない。)、
MG21はメソゲン性基を表し、
m2及びn2は各々独立して0から5の整数を表す。)。
A81、A82は各々独立して1,4-フェニレン基、1,4-シクロヘキシレン基、ピリジン-2,5-ジイル基、ピリミジン-2,5-ジイル基、ナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、ナフタレン-1,4-ジイル基、テトラヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基、デカヒドロナフタレン-2,6-ジイル基又は1,3-ジオキサン-2,5-ジイル基を表すが、これらの基は無置換又は1つ以上のLによって置換されても良いが、A81及び/又はA82が複数現れる場合は各々同一であっても異なっていても良く、
Z81及びZ82は各々独立して-O-、-S-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-CH2CH2-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CO-S-、-S-CO-、-O-CO-O-、-CO-NH-、-NH-CO-、-SCH2-、-CH2S-、-CF2O-、-OCF2-、-CF2S-、-SCF2-、-CH=CH-COO-、-CH=CH-OCO-、-COO-CH=CH-、-OCO-CH=CH-、-COO-CH2CH2-、-OCO-CH2CH2-、-CH2CH2-COO-、-CH2CH2-OCO-、-COO-CH2-、-OCO-CH2-、-CH2-COO-、-CH2-OCO-、-CH=CH-、-N=N-、-CH=N-、-N=CH-、-CH=N-N=CH-、-CF=CF-、-C≡C-又は単結合を表すが、Z81及び/又はZ82が複数現れる場合は各々同一であっても異なっていても良く、
Mは下記の式(M-1)から式(M-8)
Gは下記の式(G-1)、又は式(G-2)
Z0、Z1、Z2及びZ3はそれぞれ独立して、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2 CH2-、-OCH2-、-CH2O-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH=CHCOO-、-OCOCH=CH-、-CH2CH2COO-、-CH2CH2OCO-、-COOCH2CH2-、-OCOCH2CH2-、-CONH-、-NHCO-、炭素数2~10のハロゲン原子を有してもよいアルキル基又は単結合を表し、
nは0、1又は2を表し、
R1は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基又は炭素原子数1~18のアルキル基を表すが、該アルキル基は1つ以上のハロゲン原子又はCNにより置換されていても良く、この基中に存在する1つのCH2基又は隣接していない2つ以上のCH2基はそれぞれ相互に独立して、酸素原子が相互に直接結合しない形で、-O-、-S-、-NH-、-N(CH3)-、-CO-、-COO-、-OCO-、-OCOO-、-SCO-、-COS-又は-C≡C-により置き換えられていても良い。)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
(キラル化合物)
本発明の重合性液晶組成物中には、キラルネマチック相を得ることを目的としてキラル化合物を配合してもよい。キラル化合物のなかでも、分子中に重合性官能基を有する化合物が特に好ましい。
本発明の重合性液晶組成物中に用いる有機溶剤としては特に限定はないが、重合性化合物が良好な溶解性を示す有機溶剤が好ましく、100℃以下の温度で乾燥できる有機溶剤であることが好ましい。そのような溶剤としては、例えば、トルエン、キシレン、クメン、メシチレン等の芳香族系炭化水素、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸プロピル、酢酸ブチル等のエステル系溶剤、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、シクロペンタノン等のケトン系溶剤、テトラヒドロフラン、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、アニソール等のエーテル系溶剤、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、等のアミド系溶剤、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、γ-ブチロラクトン及びクロロベンゼン等が挙げられる。これらは、単独で使用することもできるし、2種類以上混合して使用することもできるが、ケトン系溶剤、エーテル系溶剤、エステル系溶剤及び芳香族炭化水素系溶剤のうちのいずれか1種類以上を用いることが溶液安定性の点から好ましい。
本発明の重合性液晶組成物の溶液安定性を高めるため、重合禁止剤、及び/又は酸化防止剤等を添加することが好ましい。そのような化合物として、ヒドロキノン誘導体、ニトロソアミン系重合禁止剤、ヒンダードフェノール系酸化防止剤等が挙げられ、より具体的には、p-メトキシフェノール、tert-ブチルハイドロキノン、メチルハイドロキノン、和光純薬工業社の「Q-1300」、「Q-1301」、BASF社の「IRGANOX1010」、「IRGANOX1035」、「IRGANOX1076」、「IRGANOX1098」、「IRGANOX1135」、「IRGANOX1330」、「IRGANOX1425」、「IRGANOX1520」、「IRGANOX1726」、「IRGANOX245」、「IRGANOX259」、「IRGANOX3114」、「IRGANOX3790」、「IRGANOX5057」、「IRGANOX565」等々があげられる。
光重合開始剤は少なくとも1種類以上含有することが好ましい。具体的には、BASF社の「イルガキュア651」、「イルガキュア184」、「イルガキュア907」、「イルガキュア127」、「イルガキュア369」、「イルガキュア379」、「イルガキュア819」、「イルガキュア2959」、「イルガキュアOXE01」、「イルガキュアOXE02」、「ルシリンTPO」、「ダロキュア1173」やLAMBSON社の「エサキュア1001M」、「エサキュアKIP150」、「スピードキュアBEM」、「スピードキュアBMS」、「スピードキュアMBP」、「スピードキュアPBZ」、「スピードキュアITX」、「スピードキュアDETX」、「スピードキュアEBD」、「スピードキュアMBB」、「スピードキュアBP」や日本化薬社の「カヤキュアDMBI」、日本シイベルヘグナー社(現DKSH社)の「TAZ-A」等が挙げられる。
本発明の重合性液晶組成物には、光重合開始剤とともに、熱重合開始剤を併用してもよい。具体的には、和光純薬工業社製の「V-40」、「VF-096」、日本油脂社製の「パーへキシルD」、「パーへキシルI」等が挙げられる。
熱重合開始剤の使用量は重合性液晶組成物に対して0.1~10質量%が好ましく、0.5~5質量%が特に好ましい。これらは、単独で使用することもできるし、2種類以上混合して使用することもできる。
本発明の重合性液晶組成物は、光学異方体とした場合の膜厚むらを低減させるために界面活性剤を少なくとも1種類以上含有してもよい。含有することができる界面活性剤としては、アルキルカルボン酸塩、アルキルリン酸塩、アルキルスルホン酸塩、フルオロアルキルカルボン酸塩、フルオロアルキルリン酸塩、フルオロアルキルスルホン酸塩、ポリオキシエチレン誘導体、フルオロアルキルエチレンオキシド誘導体、ポリエチレングリコール誘導体、アルキルアンモニウム塩、フルオロアルキルアンモニウム塩類等をあげることができ、特に含フッ素界面活性剤が好ましい。更に具体的には「メガファック F-251」、「メガファック F-444」、「メガファック F-477」、「メガファック F-510」、「メガファック F-552」、「メガファック F-553」、「メガファック F-554」、「メガファック F-555」、「メガファック F-558」、「メガファック F-560」、「メガファック F-561」、「メガファック F-563」、「メガファック F-569」、「メガファック F-570」、「メガファック R-40」、「メガファック R-41」、「メガファック R-43」、「メガファック R-94」、「メガファック RS-72-K」、「メガファック RS-75」、「メガファック RS-76-E」、「メガファック RS-90」、(以上、DIC株式会社製)、BYK-3440(以上、ビックケミー・ジャパン社製)、「N215」、「N535」、「N605K」、「N935」(以上、ソルベイソレクシス社製)、EFKA-3277、EFKA-3500、EFKA-3600、EFKA-3777(以上、Lamberti社製)等の例をあげることができる。
該一般式(7)で表される好適な化合物として、例えばポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリイソブチレン、パラフィン、流動パラフィン、塩素化ポリプロピレン、塩素化パラフィン、塩素化流動パラフィン等を挙げることができる。
該一般式(7)で表される化合物は、重合性化合物を有機溶剤に混合し加熱攪拌して重合性溶液を調製する工程において添加することが好ましいが、その後の、重合性溶液に光重合開始剤を混合する工程において添加してもよいし、両方の工程において添加してもよい。
該一般式(7)で表される化合物の添加量は重合性溶液に対して、0.01~1質量%であることが好ましく、0.05~0.5質量%であることがより好ましい。
連鎖移動剤は、重合性化合物を有機溶剤に混合し加熱攪拌して重合性溶液を調製する工程において添加することが好ましいが、その後の、重合性溶液に重合開始剤を混合する工程において添加してもよいし、両方の工程において添加してもよい。
連鎖移動剤の添加量は重合性液晶組成物に対して、0.5~10質量%であることが好ましく、1.0~5.0質量%であることがより好ましい。
本願発明のケイ素化合物の含有量が低濃度で特定の範囲にある、2種以上のメソゲン基を含有する化合物の混合物、及び、有機溶剤に2種以上のメソゲン基を含有する化合物を混合してなる組成物は、メソゲン基を含有する化合物の合成工程において、シリカゲル等のケイ素化合物以外の吸着剤を用いて精製を行って得られる化合物を用い、当該混合物又は組成物に特定量ケイ素化合物を混合することにより得られるが、用いるすべてのメソゲン基を含有する化合物は、ケイ素化合物以外の吸着剤を用いて精製する必要がある。ここで、ケイ素化合物以外の吸着剤としては、アルミナ、活性炭等が挙げられ、ケイ素化合物の吸着剤としては、シリカゲル、フロリジル、珪藻土、ゼオライト等が挙げられる。
(光学異方体)
本発明の重合性液晶組成物を用いて作製した光学異方体は、基材、必要に応じて配向膜、及び、重合性液晶組成物の重合体を順次積層したものである。
本発明の光学異方体を得るための塗布法としては、アプリケーター法、バーコーティング法、スピンコーティング法、ロールコーティング法、ダイレクトグラビアコーティング法、リバースグラビアコーティング法、フレキソコーティング法、インクジェット法、ダイコーティング法、キャップコーティング法、ディップコーティング法、スリットコーティング法等、公知慣用の方法を行うことができる。重合性液晶組成物を塗布後、乾燥させる。
本発明の重合性液晶組成物の重合操作については、重合性液晶組成物中の液晶化合物が基材に対して水平配向、垂直配向、又はハイブリッド配向、あるいはコレステリック配向(平面配向)した状態で一般に紫外線等の光照射、あるいは加熱によって行われる。重合を光照射で行う場合は、具体的には390nm以下の紫外光を照射することが好ましく、250~370nmの波長の光を照射することが最も好ましい。但し、390nm以下の紫外光により重合性組成物が分解などを引き起こす場合は、390nm以上の紫外光で重合処理を行ったほうが好ましい場合もある。この光は、拡散光で、かつ偏光していない光であることが好ましい。
本発明の重合性液晶組成物を重合させる方法としては、活性エネルギー線を照射する方法や熱重合法等が挙げられるが、加熱を必要とせず、室温で反応が進行することから活性エネルギー線を照射する方法が好ましく、中でも、操作が簡便なことから、紫外線等の光を照射する方法が好ましい。照射時の温度は、本発明の重合性液晶組成物が液晶相を保持できる温度とし、重合性液晶組成物の熱重合の誘起を避けるため、可能な限り30℃以下とすることが好ましい。尚、液晶組成物は、通常、昇温過程において、C(固相)-N(ネマチック)転移温度(以下、C-N転移温度と略す。)から、N-I転移温度範囲内で液晶相を示す。一方、降温過程においては、熱力学的に非平衡状態を取るため、C-N転移温度以下でも凝固せず液晶状態を保つ場合がある。この状態を過冷却状態という。本発明においては、過冷却状態にある液晶組成物も液晶相を保持している状態に含めるものとする。具体的には390nm以下の紫外光を照射することが好ましく、250~370nmの波長の光を照射することが最も好ましい。但し、390nm以下の紫外光により重合性組成物が分解などを引き起こす場合は、390nm以上の紫外光で重合処理を行ったほうが好ましい場合もある。この光は、拡散光で、かつ偏光していない光であることが好ましい。紫外線照射強度は、0.05kW/m2~10kW/m2の範囲が好ましい。特に、0.2kW/m2~2kW/m2の範囲が好ましい。紫外線強度が0.05kW/m2未満の場合、重合を完了させるのに多大な時間がかかる。一方、2kW/m2を超える強度では、重合性液晶組成物中の液晶分子が光分解する傾向にあることや、重合熱が多く発生して重合中の温度が上昇し、重合性液晶のオーダーパラメーターが変化して、重合後のフィルムのリタデーションに狂いが生じる可能性がある。
また、マスクを使用して特定の部分のみを紫外線照射で重合させる際に、予め未重合状態の重合性液晶組成物に電場、磁場又は温度等をかけて配向を規制し、その状態を保ったままマスク上から光を照射して重合させることによっても、異なる配向方向をもった複数の領域を有する光学異方体を得ることができる。
本願発明の重合性液晶組成物を水平配向、垂直配向、又はハイブリッド配向、あるいはコレステリック配向した状態で重合して得られる重合体は、配向性能を有する光学異方体として、光学補償膜、位相差膜、視野角拡大フィルム、輝度向上フィルム、反射フィルム、偏光フィルムとして用いることができる。また、当該重合体は、放熱性を有する接着剤、封止剤、放熱シート、セキュリティー印刷用インキとして用いることができる。
ルシリンTPO(D2)
イルガキュア819(D3)
TAZ-A(D4)
p-メトキシフェノール(E1)
ポリプロピレン(重量平均分子量(MW):1275)(F1)
流動パラフィン(F2)
メガファックF-554(F3)
BYK361N(F4)
メガファックFC-171(F5)
シクロペンタノン(H2)
トルエン(H3)
原料化合物(A1~A11、B1~B15、C1)である、式(A1)で表される化合物50部、式(A2)で表される化合物10部、式(A3)で表される化合物20部、式(B1)で表される化合物10部、式(B2)で表される化合物10部を、有機溶媒であるプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)(H1)400部、式(E1)で表される化合物0.1部、式(F1)で表される化合物0.1部、式(D1)で表される化合物3部を、攪拌プロペラを有する攪拌装置を用いて、攪拌速度が500rpm、溶液温度が60℃の条件下で1時間攪拌した。0.1μm(PTFE、膜厚:60μm)のメンブランフィルターを用い濾過圧力を0.20MPaになるよう調節して濾過後、再度、0.1μmのメンブランフィルターを用い濾過圧力を0.20MPaになるよう調節して濾過し、重合性液晶組成物(1)を得た。
(重合性液晶組成物(2)~(34)、比較用重合性液晶組成物(35)~(68)の調製)
(ケイ素化合物含有量)
上記の方法により得られた各重合性液晶組成物中に含まれるケイ素化合物の含有量を測定し、2種以上のメソゲン基を含有する化合物のみからなる混合物(すなわち、上記式(A1)~式(A11)、式(B1)~(B15)、式(C1)で表される化合物のみからなる混合物)とした場合の、濾過後の当該混合物中に含まれるケイ素化合物の含有量(質量%)を算出した。
配向膜用ポリイミド溶液を、室温で、厚さ0.7mmのガラス基板にスピンコート法を用いて塗布し、100℃で10分乾燥した後、200℃で60分焼成することにより塗膜を得て、得られた塗膜をラビング処理して基材を得た。調製した重合性液晶組成物を室温で、該基材に、スピンコーターで塗布した後、80℃で2分乾燥した。その後、室温で2分放置した後に、コンベア式の高圧水銀ランプを使用して、照度が500mJ/cm2となるようにセットしてUV光を照射した。JIS K5600-5-4に則り、塗膜の鉛筆硬度を測定した。
配向膜用ポリイミド溶液を、室温で、厚さ0.7mmのガラス基板にスピンコート法を用いて塗布し、100℃で10分乾燥した後、200℃で60分焼成することにより塗膜を得て、得られた塗膜をラビング処理して基材を得た。調製した重合性液晶組成物を室温で、該基材に、スピンコーターで塗布した(膜厚:2μm)後、80℃で2分乾燥した。室温で2分放置した後に、コンベア式の高圧水銀ランプを使用して、照度が500mJ/cm2となるようにセットしてUV光を照射した。重合性液晶組成物を重合して得られた面にUVコート剤(ユニディックV-4025を塗布した。JIS K5600-5-6に則り、カッターを用いたクロスカット法を用いて、カッターで碁盤目状に切り目を入れ、2mm角の碁盤目にし、複層塗膜の密着性を測定した。
分類0:いずれの基盤目にもはがれがない
分類1:カットの交差点における塗膜の小さなはがれが確認される(5%未満)。
分類2:塗膜がカットの線に沿って、交差点においてはがれている(5%以上15%未満)。
分類3:塗膜がカットの線に沿って部分的、全面的にはがれている(15%以上35%未満)。
分類4:塗膜がカットの線に沿って部分的、全面的に大きくはがれを生じている(35%以上65%未満)。
分類5:分類4以上
調製した重合性液晶組成物を室温で、TAC(トリアセチルセルロース)フィルム上にバーコーター♯4で塗布した後、80℃で2分乾燥した。その後、室温で15分放置した後に、コンベア式の高圧水銀ランプを使用して、照度が500mJ/cm2となるようにセットしてUV光を照射した(配向性1)。
○:目視で欠陥が全くなく、偏光顕微鏡観察でも欠陥が全くない
×:目視で一部欠陥が生じており、偏光顕微鏡観察でも全体的に無配向部分が存在している
得られた結果を以下の表に示す。
Claims (8)
- ケイ素化合物が低濃度存在するメソゲン基を含有する化合物。
- 2種以上の前記メソゲン基を含有する化合物のみからなる混合物とした場合に、前記ケイ素化合物の含有量が、混合物全体で1ppm重量%以上1000ppm重量%以下である請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1、又は請求項2に記載の化合物を含有する混合物。
- 重合性能を有する請求項3記載の混合物。
- 請求項3又は請求項4に記載の混合物を有機溶剤に溶解した組成物。
- 請求項4に記載の重合性能を有する混合物、又は、請求項4に記載の混合物を有機溶剤に溶解した重合性能を有する重合性組成物を重合させることにより得られる重合体。
- 請求項4に記載の重合性能を有する混合物、又は、請求項4に記載の混合物を有機溶剤に溶解した重合性能を有する重合性組成物を重合させることにより得られる光学異方体。
- 請求項4に記載の重合性能を有する混合物、又は、請求項4に記載の混合物を有機溶剤に溶解した重合性能を有する重合性組成物を重合させることにより得られる位相差膜。
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CN105849137A (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
US20170003418A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
JP6333857B2 (ja) | 2018-05-30 |
JPWO2015098702A1 (ja) | 2017-03-23 |
CN105849137B (zh) | 2018-04-27 |
US10473820B2 (en) | 2019-11-12 |
EP3088426A1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
KR20160096114A (ko) | 2016-08-12 |
EP3088426B1 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
KR101910438B1 (ko) | 2018-10-22 |
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