WO2015076095A1 - 蓄熱材及びそれを備えた冷蔵庫 - Google Patents
蓄熱材及びそれを備えた冷蔵庫 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015076095A1 WO2015076095A1 PCT/JP2014/079218 JP2014079218W WO2015076095A1 WO 2015076095 A1 WO2015076095 A1 WO 2015076095A1 JP 2014079218 W JP2014079218 W JP 2014079218W WO 2015076095 A1 WO2015076095 A1 WO 2015076095A1
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- heat storage
- storage material
- tbab
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- sodium tetraborate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
- F25D11/006—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators with cold storage accumulators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2303/00—Details of devices using other cold materials; Details of devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D2303/08—Devices using cold storage material, i.e. ice or other freezable liquid
- F25D2303/085—Compositions of cold storage materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat storage material, and more particularly to a heat storage material for heat insulation.
- heat storage materials are used in various fields such as food preservation technology and medical technology. These heat storage materials produce a cold insulation effect by utilizing latent heat at the freezing point, for example.
- the heat storage material includes, for example, a water-containing resin hydrogel, and is used by being sealed in a container such as blow molding.
- the heat storage material when the heat storage material is installed in the refrigerator, the following problems occur.
- the refrigerator needs to keep the temperature in the refrigerator at about 3 ° C. to 10 ° C. in order to prevent the decay of food and the like. For this reason, when installing a heat storage material in the refrigerator, the heat storage material needs to solidify at about 3 ° C. and melt at about 10 ° C.
- supercooling occurs when the heat storage material solidifies, and it does not solidify even when the heat storage material reaches the freezing point.
- disodium hydrogen phosphate is added to the heat storage material described in Patent Document 1 as a supercooling preventing agent that prevents supercooling.
- the heat storage material to which disodium hydrogen phosphate is added reduces the amount of heat storage. For this reason, there exists a problem that the thermal storage performance will fall in the thermal storage agent to which disodium hydrogenphosphate was added.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a heat storage material capable of preventing overcooling while preventing a decrease in heat storage performance.
- a heat storage material that reversibly changes to an aqueous solution containing a tetraalkylammonium salt and an clathrate hydrate containing the tetraalkylammonium salt as a guest molecule; It may be a heat storage material characterized by having sodium tetraborate added to the aqueous solution.
- the heat storage material of the present invention may be a heat storage material characterized by being tetrabutylammonium bromide.
- a concentration of the tetrabutylammonium bromide in the aqueous solution may be 25 wt% or more and 40 wt% or less.
- the heat storage material of the present invention may be a heat storage material characterized in that it is not less than a saturated solubility in water at 0 ° C. and not more than 3 wt%.
- a refrigerator room A refrigerator characterized by having the heat storage material arranged in the refrigerator compartment.
- Example 7 It is a figure which shows the change of the melting start temperature of the thermal storage material in Example 7 of one embodiment of this invention.
- TBAB concentration and melting of heat storage material in Example 8 of one embodiment of the present invention It is a figure which shows the verification result of the overcooling prevention effect in Example 9 of one embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the cold preservation effect of the refrigerator by Example 10 of one embodiment of this invention.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment includes an aqueous solution containing a tetraalkylammonium salt (hereinafter referred to as “tetraalkylammonium salt aqueous solution”), and an clathrate hydrate (hereinafter referred to as “tetra). It has a heat storage material that reversibly changes to “alkyl ammonium salt clathrate hydrate”).
- the aqueous tetraalkylammonium salt solution changes to a tetraalkylammonium salt clathrate hydrate at a predetermined temperature.
- the temperature at which the tetraalkylammonium salt clathrate hydrate is formed (hereinafter referred to as “clathrate hydrate formation temperature”) is controlled by the concentration of the tetraalkylammonium salt.
- the clathrate hydrate formation temperature is a temperature at which a tetraalkylammonium salt clathrate hydrate is produced when supercooling does not occur.
- the tetraalkylammonium salt clathrate hydrate decomposes into a tetraalkylammonium salt and water at a predetermined temperature.
- the tetraalkylammonium salt clathrate hydrate changes to a tetraalkylammonium salt aqueous solution at a predetermined temperature.
- the temperature at which the tetraalkylammonium salt clathrate hydrate changes to a tetraalkylammonium salt aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as the “clathrate hydrate decomposition temperature”) is almost the same as the clathrate hydrate formation temperature.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment has sodium tetraborate as a supercooling preventive agent.
- Sodium tetraborate is added to an aqueous tetraalkylammonium salt solution.
- Sodium tetraborate facilitates nucleation in a tetraalkylammonium salt aqueous solution and facilitates crystallization of the tetraalkylammonium salt aqueous solution.
- sodium tetraborate can reduce the degree of supercooling when the tetraalkylammonium salt aqueous solution is changed to a tetraalkylammonium salt clathrate hydrate, thereby preventing supercooling.
- Example 1 Next, the heat storage material according to Example 1 of the present embodiment will be described.
- refrigerators that can cope with power outages and peak shifts in power consumption have been demanded.
- a heat storage material is used to keep the inside of the refrigerator cold.
- the heat storage material is required to maintain the temperature in the refrigerator at about 10 ° C. for a predetermined time when power is not supplied to the refrigerator.
- Tetradecane is known as a material having a melting point in a temperature range (for example, 3 ° C. to 10 ° C.) in a refrigerator. Tetradecane is a linear alkane having 14 carbon atoms. For this reason, tetradecane is flammable and is not preferable to be installed in electrical appliances such as refrigerators. Tetradecane corresponds to a volatile organic compound (VOC) and is not easy to handle.
- VOC volatile organic compound
- Tetraalkylammonium bromide is used as the heat storage material of the heat storage material according to this embodiment.
- TBAB aqueous solution an aqueous solution containing TBAB (hereinafter referred to as “TBAB aqueous solution”) changes to an inclusion hydrate containing TBAB as a guest molecule (hereinafter referred to as “TBAB inclusion hydrate”).
- the TBAB aqueous solution and TBAB clathrate hydrate are not flammable.
- the TBAB aqueous solution and the TBAB clathrate hydrate do not correspond to a volatile organic compound (VOC) and are easy to handle.
- VOC volatile organic compound
- the heat storage material of the heat storage material according to the present embodiment is not flammable and easy to handle.
- clathrate hydrates used for the heat storage material include tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF).
- the TBAB concentration is 20 wt% to 40 wt%
- the TBAB aqueous solution changes to TBAB clathrate hydrate at about 8 ° C. to 12 ° C. if supercooling does not occur.
- TBAB clathrate hydrate changes to an aqueous TBAB solution at about 8-12 ° C.
- the heat storage material according to this example absorbs heat while keeping the temperature substantially constant. Thereby, the heat storage material according to the present embodiment performs cold insulation for keeping the temperature substantially constant for a predetermined time. For this reason, the heat storage material by a present Example is suitable for the cold preservation in a refrigerator.
- the heat storage material solidifies that the heat storage material changes from the TBAB aqueous solution to the TBAB clathrate hydrate, and the heat storage material changes that the heat storage material changes from the TBAB clathrate hydrate to the TBAB aqueous solution. It is said to melt.
- the change when the heat storage material solidifies is a change from liquid to solid.
- supercooling occurs when the energy state of the molecules in the TBAB aqueous solution is stable, or when there are no nuclei for nucleation.
- the heat storage material does not solidify even when cooled to the clathrate hydrate formation temperature. If the heat storage material does not solidify, it cannot be kept cold to keep the temperature substantially constant.
- sodium tetraborate is used for the heat storage material according to the present embodiment as a supercooling preventing agent that reduces the degree of supercooling and prevents supercooling.
- Sodium tetraborate has been added to the aqueous TBAB solution.
- the sodium tetraborate for example, sodium tetraborate anhydrous (Na 2 B 4 O 7) , tetrasodium borate pentahydrate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ⁇ 5H 2 O), sodium tetraborate ten hydrate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ⁇ 10H 2 O) is.
- sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is used as a supercooling inhibitor.
- sodium tetraborate anhydride or sodium tetraborate decahydrate may be used as the supercooling inhibitor.
- TBAB aqueous solution was prepared by dissolving TBAB in tap water.
- concentration of TBAB in the TBAB aqueous solution was 25 wt%.
- a heat storage material samples in aqueous TBAB solution does not contain sodium tetraborate pentahydrate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 ⁇ 5H 2 O), 0.5wt% concentration of sodium tetraborate in the aqueous TBAB solution, Heat storage material samples having 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 3.0 wt% were prepared.
- the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is preferably set to a concentration at which sodium tetraborate is saturated at room temperature (for example, 20 ° C.).
- the solubility of sodium tetraborate in water at 20 ° C. is 2.58.
- the upper limit of the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, which is a supercooling inhibitor was 3.0 wt%.
- each heat storage material sample was sealed in a glass tube tube with a capacity of 20 ml, and the sample tube bottle was cooled in the refrigerator for about 16 hours to verify the effect of preventing overcooling.
- the sample tube bottle was placed at the highest temperature when the temperature setting in the refrigerator was set to medium (about 3 ° C. to 5 ° C.). The temperature at this location was 3.2 ° C.
- the heat storage material sample solidified, it was considered that there was an effect of preventing overcooling, and when the heat storage material sample did not solidify, there was no effect of preventing overcooling.
- FIG. 1 is a table showing the results of verification of the effect of preventing overcooling of this example.
- the heat storage material sample when the heat storage material sample is solidified, it is marked with “ ⁇ ”, and when the heat storage material sample is not solidified, it is marked with “x”.
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate did not solidify.
- the heat storage material samples with sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentrations of 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% did not solidify.
- the heat storage material samples having sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentrations of 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 3.0 wt% were solidified.
- each heat storage material sample was solidified, and the melting start temperature and the amount of latent heat when each heat storage material sample melted were measured.
- the melting start temperature and the amount of latent heat of the heat storage material sample were measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). The temperature rising rate during DSC measurement was 5 ° C./min.
- the amount of latent heat is the amount of heat absorbed by the heat storage material sample from the start of melting until the end of melting.
- the melting start temperature of the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate was 6.1 ° C., and the amount of latent heat was 120 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 0.5 wt% had a melting start temperature of 5.7 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 95 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.1 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 116 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.5 wt% had a melting start temperature of 5.9 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 121 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 2.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.4 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 123 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 3.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 5.8 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 125 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate and the heat storage material sample containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate showed no significant difference between the melting start temperature and the amount of latent heat. .
- sodium tetraborate is added to the heat storage material as a supercooling inhibitor, the melting start temperature of the heat storage material does not change and the amount of latent heat does not decrease.
- a 30 g heat storage material having a TBAB concentration of 25 wt% was produced.
- the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate in the TBAB aqueous solution was 3.0 wt%.
- the heat storage material was able to hold the temperature of the heat storage material at 10 ° C. or lower for 3.5 hours after the refrigerator was turned off.
- the heat storage material according to this example has a heat storage material that reversibly changes to a TBAB aqueous solution, a TBAB clathrate hydrate, and sodium tetraborate added to the TBAB aqueous solution.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment can prevent overcooling while preventing a decrease in heat storage performance. For this reason, the heat storage material according to the present example solidifies at 3 ° C. and starts melting at 10 ° C. or less.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment can keep the inside of the refrigerator at about 10 ° C. when power supply to the refrigerator is interrupted.
- Example 2 Next, the heat storage material according to Example 2 of the present embodiment will be described.
- TBAB was dissolved in tap water to prepare a TBAB aqueous solution.
- the concentration of TBAB in the TBAB aqueous solution was 33 wt%.
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate in the TBAB aqueous solution, and the concentration of sodium tetraborate in the TBAB aqueous solution were 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt%.
- a heat storage material sample of 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 3.0 wt% was produced.
- FIG. 2 is a table showing the verification results of the overcooling prevention effect of the present embodiment.
- the heat storage material sample when the heat storage material sample is solidified, it is marked with “ ⁇ ”, and when the heat storage material sample is not solidified, it is marked with “x”.
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate did not solidify.
- the heat storage material samples with sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentrations of 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% did not solidify.
- the heat storage material samples having sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentrations of 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 3.0 wt% were solidified.
- concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate was 1.5 wt% or more, it turned out that it has an overcooling prevention effect.
- each heat storage material sample was solidified, and the melting start temperature and the amount of latent heat when each heat storage material sample melted were measured.
- the melting start temperature and the amount of latent heat of the heat storage material sample were measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). The temperature rising rate during DSC measurement was 5 ° C./min.
- the amount of latent heat is the amount of heat absorbed when the heat storage material sample is melted.
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate had a melting start temperature of 6.5 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 158 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 0.5 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.6 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 150 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.0 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 142 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.5 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.3 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 130 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 2.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.2 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 150 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 3.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.4 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 147 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate and the heat storage material sample containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate showed no significant difference between the melting start temperature and the amount of latent heat. .
- the amount of latent heat was no tendency for the amount of latent heat to decrease as the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate increased.
- sodium tetraborate is added to the heat storage material as a supercooling inhibitor, the melting start temperature of the heat storage material does not change and the amount of latent heat does not decrease.
- a 30 g heat storage material having a TBAB concentration of 33 wt% was produced.
- the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate in the TBAB aqueous solution was 3.0 wt%.
- the heat storage material was able to hold the temperature of the heat storage material at 12 ° C. or lower for 5.0 hours after the refrigerator was turned off.
- the heat storage material according to this example has a heat storage material that reversibly changes to a TBAB aqueous solution, a TBAB clathrate hydrate, and sodium tetraborate added to the TBAB aqueous solution.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment can prevent overcooling while preventing a decrease in heat storage performance. For this reason, the heat storage material according to the present example solidifies at 3 ° C. and starts melting at 10 ° C. or less.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment can keep the inside of the refrigerator at about 10 ° C. when the power supply in the refrigerator is interrupted.
- Example 3 Next, the heat storage material according to Example 3 of the present embodiment will be described.
- TBAB was dissolved in tap water to prepare an aqueous TBAB solution.
- the concentration of TBAB in the TBAB aqueous solution was 28 wt%, 30 wt%, 32 wt%, 36 wt%, 38 wt%, and 40 wt%.
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate in the TBAB aqueous solution, and the concentration of sodium tetraborate in the TBAB aqueous solution were 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt%.
- a heat storage material sample of 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 3.0 wt% was produced.
- FIG. 3 is a table showing the verification result of the overcooling prevention effect of this example.
- FIG. 3 shows the verification effect in Example 1 (TBAB: 25 wt%) and Example 2 (TBAB: 33 wt%) for comparison.
- the concentration of TBAB is 28 wt%, 30 wt%, and 32 wt%
- the heat storage material sample with sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, and 3.0 wt% is All solidified.
- the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.5 wt% or more, there is an effect of preventing overcooling. .
- the concentration of TBAB was 36 wt%
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate did not solidify.
- the concentration of TBAB was 36 wt%
- the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate was 0.5 wt% did not solidify.
- the concentration of TBAB is 36 wt%
- the thermal storage material sample with sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 3.0 wt% also solidified.
- the concentration of TBAB was 38 wt% and 40 wt%
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate did not solidify.
- the concentration of TBAB is 38 wt% and 40 wt%
- the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%
- Each of the heat storage material samples was solidified.
- the clathrate hydrate decomposition temperature of the aqueous TBAB solution becomes a harmonic melting point when the concentration of TBAB reaches 40 wt%.
- the upper limit of the concentration of TBAB is set to 40 wt%.
- each heat storage material sample was solidified, and the melting start temperature and the amount of latent heat when each heat storage material sample melted were measured.
- the melting start temperature and the amount of latent heat of the heat storage material sample were measured by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry). The temperature rising rate during DSC measurement was 5 ° C./min.
- the amount of latent heat is the amount of heat absorbed when the heat storage material sample is melted.
- the TBAB concentration was 28 wt%
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate had a melting start temperature of 6.5 ° C.
- the latent heat amount was 135 J / g. It was.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 28 wt%, a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 0.5 wt% has a melting start temperature of 6.2 ° C.
- the latent heat amount is 140 J / g. there were.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 28 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.1 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 140 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample with a TBAB concentration of 28 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.5 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.5 ° C. and the latent heat amount was 136 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 28 wt%, a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 2.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 5.9 ° C., and the latent heat was 148 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 28 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 3.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.3 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 143 J / g. .
- the TBAB concentration was 30 wt%
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate had a melting start temperature of 6.9 ° C.
- the latent heat amount was 124 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 30 wt%, a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 0.5 wt% has a melting start temperature of 6.0 ° C.
- the latent heat amount is 138 J / g. there were.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 30 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.1 ° C.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 30 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.5 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.2 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 134 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 30 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 2.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.0 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 139 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 30 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 3.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.0 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 138 J / g. .
- the TBAB concentration was 32 wt%
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate had a melting start temperature of 7.0 ° C.
- the amount of latent heat was 146 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 32 wt%, a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 0.5 wt% has a melting start temperature of 6.7 ° C.
- the latent heat amount is 147 J / g. there were.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 32 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.4 ° C.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 32 wt%, a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.5 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.2 ° C., and the latent heat amount was 144 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 32 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 2.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 5.9 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 134 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 32 wt%, a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 3.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.6 ° C., and the latent heat was 139 J / g. .
- the TBAB concentration was 36 wt%
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate had a melting start temperature of 7.0 ° C.
- the amount of latent heat was 143 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 36 wt%, a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 0.5 wt% has a melting start temperature of 5.7 ° C.
- the latent heat is 144 J / g. there were.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 36 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.0 ° C.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 36 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.5 wt% had a melting start temperature of 7.2 ° C. and the latent heat amount was 142 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 36 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 2.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 6.5 ° C. and the latent heat was 147 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 36 wt%, a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 3.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 7.2 ° C., and the latent heat amount was 146 J / g. .
- the TBAB concentration was 38 wt%
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate had a melting start temperature of 6.9 ° C.
- the amount of latent heat was 148 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 38 wt%, a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 0.5 wt% has a melting start temperature of 7.0 ° C.
- the latent heat amount is 147 J / g. there were.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 38 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 9.0 ° C.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 38 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.5 wt% had a melting start temperature of 9.3 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 143 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 38 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 2.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 8.2 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 147 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 38 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 3.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 8.8 ° C. and the latent heat was 145 J / g. .
- the TBAB concentration was 40 wt%
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate had a melting start temperature of 9.8 ° C.
- the amount of latent heat was 153 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 40 wt%, a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 0.5 wt% has a melting start temperature of 8.7 ° C.
- the latent heat is 147 J / g. there were.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 40 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 10.1 ° C.
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 40 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 1.5 wt% had a melting start temperature of 9.7 ° C. and the latent heat amount was 150 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 40 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 2.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 9.2 ° C. and a latent heat amount of 154 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample having a TBAB concentration of 40 wt% and a sodium tetraborate pentahydrate concentration of 3.0 wt% had a melting start temperature of 9.3 ° C. and the latent heat was 149 J / g. .
- the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate and the heat storage material sample containing sodium tetraborate pentahydrate showed no significant difference between the melting start temperature and the amount of latent heat. .
- sodium tetraborate is added to the heat storage material as a supercooling inhibitor, the melting start temperature of the heat storage material does not change, and the amount of latent heat does not decrease.
- the heat storage material according to this example has a heat storage material that reversibly changes to a TBAB aqueous solution, a TBAB clathrate hydrate, and sodium tetraborate added to the TBAB aqueous solution.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment can prevent overcooling while preventing a decrease in heat storage performance.
- the concentration of TBAB in the TBAB aqueous solution is 25 wt% or more and 40 wt% or less.
- the heat storage material according to the present example solidifies at about 3 ° C. and starts to melt at 6 ° C. to 10 ° C., so that it can be suitably used for cold storage in the refrigerator.
- Example 4 a heat storage material according to Example 4 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- sodium tetraborate is used as a supercooling inhibitor.
- Sodium tetraborate includes anhydrous sodium tetraborate, sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, and sodium tetraborate decahydrate.
- the supercooling inhibitor any of sodium tetraborate anhydrous, sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, or sodium tetraborate decahydrate may be used.
- sodium tetraborate is added to the TBAB aqueous solution.
- sodium tetraborate pentahydrate and sodium tetraborate decahydrate containing hydrated water it is sodium tetraborate itself, not hydrated water, that contributes to prevention of supercooling.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is about 69 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in sodium tetraborate decahydrate is about 53 wt%.
- sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is added as a supercooling inhibitor.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample was calculated from the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, and the amount of sodium tetraborate added and supercooled The prevention effect was verified.
- FIG. 4 is a table showing the verification result of the overcooling prevention effect of this example.
- the heat storage material sample is solidified, it is marked with “ ⁇ ”, and when the heat storage material sample is not solidified, it is marked with “x”.
- the result of the supercooling prevention effect shown in FIG. 4 is the same as the result of the supercooling prevention effect shown in FIG.
- the values in parentheses in the column where the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate in FIG. 4 is 1.0 wt% and the column where the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.5 wt% are as follows: The weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in each heat storage material sample is shown. As shown in FIG. 4, the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 25 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.0 wt% is 0.92 wt %.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 28 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.0 wt% is 0.96 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 30 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.0 wt% is 0.98 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 32 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.0 wt% is 1.01 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 33 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.0 wt% is 1.03 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 36 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.0 wt% is 1.08 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 38 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.0 wt% is 1.11 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 40 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.0 wt% is 1.15 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 25 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.5 wt% is 1.38 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 28 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.5 wt% is 1.44 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 30 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.5 wt% is 1.47 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 32 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.5 wt% is 1.52 wt%. Further, the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 33 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.5 wt% is 1.54 wt%. The weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 36 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.5 wt% is 1.62 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 38 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.5 wt% is 1.67 wt%.
- the weight ratio of sodium tetraborate in the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 40 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.5 wt% is 1.73 wt%.
- the solubility of sodium tetraborate in 100 g of solution at 0 ° C. is 1.18.
- sodium tetraborate needs to be added more than this solubility.
- sodium tetraborate present as a solid at the temperature in the refrigerator (for example, 0 ° C. to 5 ° C.) becomes a nucleus during nucleation, and can promote nucleation and prevent overcooling. For this reason, in order for sodium tetraborate to exist as a solid in a thermal storage material, it is necessary to add more than solubility to a thermal storage material.
- the thermal storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 36 wt%, 38 wt%, and 40 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 1.0 wt% has a sodium tetraborate weight ratio of 1. Even if it is 18 wt% or less, it is solidified.
- the heat storage material according to this example has a heat storage material that reversibly changes to a TBAB aqueous solution, a TBAB clathrate hydrate, and sodium tetraborate added to the TBAB aqueous solution.
- the amount of sodium tetraborate added is not less than the saturation solubility in water at 0 ° C. and not more than 3 wt%.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment can prevent overcooling while preventing a decrease in heat storage performance.
- the heat storage material by a present Example can prevent supercooling, without reducing the weight ratio of a heat storage material.
- TBAB aqueous solution was prepared by dissolving TBAB in tap water.
- concentration of TBAB in the TBAB aqueous solution was 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 33 wt%, and 40 wt%.
- disodium hydrogen phosphate Na 2 HPO 4
- Disodium hydrogen phosphate is added to the aqueous TBAB solution.
- the disodium hydrogen phosphate in the TBAB aqueous solution was 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%, and 5.0 wt%.
- comparative samples having TBAB concentrations of 20 wt%, 25 wt%, 33 wt%, and 40 wt% were prepared.
- concentration of disodium hydrogen phosphate in each comparative sample was changed to 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%, 5.0 wt% to perform supercooling. The prevention effect was verified.
- FIG. 5 is a table showing the verification results of the overcooling prevention effect of this comparative example.
- “ ⁇ ” is marked when the comparative sample is solidified
- “X” is marked when the comparative sample is not solidified.
- the comparative sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 20 wt% and the comparative sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 25 wt% have a disodium hydrogen phosphate concentration of 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, In the case of 1.5 wt% and 2.0 wt%, solidification did not occur.
- the comparative sample having a TBAB concentration of 20 wt% and the comparative sample having a TBAB concentration of 25 wt% coagulated when the disodium hydrogen phosphate concentrations were 3.0 wt% and 5.0 wt%. .
- the comparative sample with a TBAB concentration of 33 wt% did not solidify when the disodium hydrogen phosphate concentration was 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt%.
- the comparative sample with a TBAB concentration of 40 wt% did not solidify when the disodium hydrogen phosphate concentration was 0.5 wt.
- a comparative sample having a TBAB concentration of 40 wt% is obtained when the disodium hydrogen phosphate concentration is 1.0 wt%, 1.5 wt%, 2.0 wt%, 3.0 wt%, 5.0 wt%. It solidified.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment has a concentration of 1.5 wt% of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate as a supercooling inhibitor when the concentration of TBAB is 25 wt%. It is solidified.
- the concentration of TBAB is 25 wt%
- the heat storage material according to the comparative example is solidified at a concentration of disodium hydrogen phosphate as a supercooling inhibitor of 3.0 wt%. For this reason, when sodium tetraborate was used as the supercooling preventive agent, the effect of preventing supercooling was obtained even if the amount of supercooling inhibitor added was smaller than when disodium hydrogen phosphate was used.
- the heat storage material sample is cooled to 3.2 ° C.
- the comparative sample is set to 2.1 ° C. It is cooling.
- Example 5 a heat storage material according to Example 5 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the change in latent heat amount when the heat storage material repeats solidification and melting when sodium tetraborate is used as the supercooling inhibitor and when disodium hydrogen phosphate is used is verified. .
- two heat storage material samples were prepared in which TBAB was dissolved in tap water and the concentration of TBAB in the TBAB aqueous solution was 33 wt%.
- One heat storage material is added with sodium tetraborate pentahydrate as a supercooling inhibitor.
- the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate in the TBAB aqueous solution was 2.0 wt%.
- disodium hydrogen phosphate is added to the other heat storage material as a supercooling inhibitor.
- the concentration of disodium hydrogen phosphate in the TBAB aqueous solution was 2.0 wt%. In this way, two heat storage material samples having the same supercooling inhibitor concentration were prepared.
- FIG. 6 shows the measurement results of the latent heat amount at the first, second, third and 100th solidification and melting.
- the temperature rising rate during DSC measurement was 5 ° C./min.
- the amount of latent heat is the amount of heat absorbed when the heat storage material sample is melted.
- the latent heat amount of the heat storage material sample to which sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is added is 154 J / g
- the latent heat amount of the heat storage material sample to which disodium hydrogen phosphate is added is 145 J / g.
- the latent heat amount of the heat storage material sample to which sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is added is 159 J / g
- the latent heat amount of the heat storage material sample to which disodium hydrogen phosphate is added is 134 J / g.
- the latent heat amount of the heat storage material sample to which sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is added is 158 J / g
- the latent heat amount of the heat storage material sample to which disodium hydrogen phosphate is added is 132 J / g.
- the latent heat amount of the heat storage material sample to which sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is added is 147 J / g
- the latent heat amount of the heat storage material sample to which disodium hydrogen phosphate is added is 121 J / g.
- the heat storage material sample using sodium tetraborate as the supercooling inhibitor is more solidified and melted than the heat storage material sample using disodium hydrogen phosphate as the supercooling prevention agent.
- the amount of latent heat did not decrease even when repeated. This is because TBAB clathrate hydrate produced at the time of solidification is obtained when the heat storage material to which disodium hydrogen phosphate is added is repeatedly solidified and melted, and the counter ion of tetrabutylammonium is replaced by bromine ion to phosphate ion. This is thought to be due to the decrease.
- the heat storage material according to this example has a heat storage material that reversibly changes to a TBAB aqueous solution, a TBAB clathrate hydrate, and sodium tetraborate added to the TBAB aqueous solution.
- the heat storage material according to this example has high reliability because the amount of latent heat does not decrease even when solidification and melting are repeated.
- Example 6 a heat storage material according to Example 6 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the change in the melting start temperature of the heat storage material is verified when sodium tetraborate is used as the supercooling inhibitor and when disodium hydrogen phosphate is used.
- two heat storage material samples were prepared by dissolving TBAB in tap water and setting the concentration of TBAB in the TBAB aqueous solution to 36 wt%.
- One heat storage material is added with sodium tetraborate pentahydrate as a supercooling inhibitor.
- the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate in the TBAB aqueous solution was 1.0 wt%.
- disodium hydrogen phosphate is added to the other heat storage material as a supercooling inhibitor.
- the concentration of disodium hydrogen phosphate in the TBAB aqueous solution was 1.0 wt%.
- two heat storage material samples having the same supercooling inhibitor concentration were prepared.
- the melting start temperature of each heat storage material sample was measured by DSC.
- FIG. 7 shows the melting start temperature of each heat storage material sample.
- the melting start temperature of the heat storage material sample to which sodium tetraborate was added as a supercooling inhibitor was 6.9 ° C.
- the melting start temperature of the heat storage material sample to which disodium hydrogen phosphate was added as a supercooling inhibitor was 8.1 ° C.
- the heat storage material starts melting at about 6 ° C. to 7 ° C. in order to maintain the temperature in the refrigerator at about 10 ° C., and the endothermic peak temperature at the time of melting is about 10 ° C. It is preferable that the temperature is 0. For this reason, it is not preferable that the melting start temperature of the heat storage material be 8 ° C. or higher.
- the heat storage material according to this example has a heat storage material that reversibly changes to a TBAB aqueous solution, a TBAB clathrate hydrate, and sodium tetraborate added to the TBAB aqueous solution.
- a heat storage material containing sodium tetraborate can prevent an increase in melting start temperature. For this reason, the heat storage material by a present Example can be used suitably for a refrigerator.
- the TBAB concentration is 36 wt%
- the melting start temperature of the heat storage material sample not containing sodium tetraborate is 7.0 ° C.
- the melting start temperature of the heat storage material sample in which the concentration of TBAB is 36 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate is 1.0 wt% is 6.9 ° C.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment can control the melting start temperature by the concentration of TBAB. Thereby, the heat storage material according to the present embodiment can easily obtain a desired melting start temperature.
- Example 7 a heat storage material according to Example 7 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- TBAB was dissolved in tap water supplied from Sakai No. 5 Water Source in Sakai City, Chiba Prefecture, to prepare a heat storage material sample.
- This tap water is moderately soft water with a hardness of about 80 mg / l.
- the World Health Organization (WHO) classifies water with a hardness of 120 mg / l or less as soft water.
- two heat storage material samples having a concentration of TBAB in the aqueous TBAB solution of 36 wt% were prepared using hard water having a hardness of 500 mg / L.
- One heat storage material is added with sodium tetraborate pentahydrate as a supercooling inhibitor.
- the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate in the TBAB aqueous solution was 1.0 wt%.
- disodium hydrogen phosphate is added to the other heat storage material as a supercooling inhibitor.
- the concentration of disodium hydrogen phosphate in the TBAB aqueous solution was 1.0 wt%.
- two heat storage material samples having the same supercooling inhibitor concentration were prepared.
- the freezing point of each heat storage material sample was measured by DSC.
- FIG. 8 shows a difference in freezing point between a heat storage material sample made of tap water having a hardness of about 80 mg / l and a heat storage material sample made of hard water having a hardness of 500 mg / L.
- the freezing point of the heat storage material sample made with hard water was 0.2 ° C. higher than the freezing point of the heat storage material sample made with Sakai City tap water. .
- the freezing point of the heat storage material sample made of hard water was 4.4 ° C. higher than the freezing point of the heat storage material sample made of Sakai City tap water. For this reason, when disodium hydrogen phosphate is added, if the heat storage material is produced with hard water, the freezing point rises by about 4 ° C.
- the heat storage material according to this example has a heat storage material that reversibly changes to a TBAB aqueous solution, a TBAB clathrate hydrate, and sodium tetraborate added to the TBAB aqueous solution. Even if the heat storage material according to the present embodiment is manufactured with hard water, it is possible to prevent the freezing point from rising.
- Example 8 a heat storage material according to Example 8 of the present embodiment will be described.
- the heat storage material of the present embodiment in which TBAB is used is suitable for cold storage in the refrigerator.
- the melting start temperature is controlled by the concentration in the TBAB aqueous solution.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the melting start temperature of the heat storage material and the concentration of TBAB according to this example.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 9 indicates the melting start temperature (° C.), and the horizontal axis indicates the concentration of TBAB in the TBAB aqueous solution.
- the mark “ ⁇ ” in the graph of FIG. 9 indicates the melting start temperature of the heat storage material and the concentration of TBAB. As indicated by the curve c connecting each “ ⁇ ” mark, the melting start temperature increases as the concentration of TBAB increases. As shown in FIG. 9, for example, when the concentration of TBAB is 25 wt%, the melting start temperature is 5.9 ° C. Further, when the concentration of TBAB is 30 wt%, the melting start temperature is 6.2 ° C. Further, when the concentration of TBAB is 33 wt%, the melting start temperature is 6.3 ° C. When the concentration of TBAB is 36 wt%, the melting start temperature is 7.2 ° C. When the concentration of TBAB is 38 wt%, the melting start temperature is 9.3 ° C.
- the concentration of TBAB in the heat storage material can be analyzed by measuring the melting start temperature and referring to FIG.
- the melting start temperature of the heat storage material can be measured by DSC.
- the composition of the heat storage material and the concentration of each composition can be analyzed using liquid chromatography (LC), mass spectrometry (MS), and X-ray diffraction.
- the composition of the material dissolved in water may be analyzed by evaporating water contained in the heat storage material using an evaporator.
- Example 9 Next, a heat storage material according to Example 9 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- a heat storage material sample was prepared using TBAB, which is a heat storage main agent (heat storage material), and sodium tetraborate, which is a supercooling prevention agent, and actually evaluated for freezing in a refrigerator.
- TBAB heat storage main agent
- sodium tetraborate sodium tetraborate
- TBAB was dissolved in tap water to produce three heat storage material samples with TBAB concentrations in the TBAB aqueous solution of 29 wt%, 31 wt%, and 35 wt%.
- Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate was added to the heat storage material sample as a supercooling inhibitor.
- the concentration of TBAB is 29 wt%, 31 wt%, 35 wt%
- the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is 2.0 wt%
- the tap water is 69 wt%, 67 wt%, 63 wt%. It was adjusted to become.
- each comparative sample was produced as comparison targets.
- the concentration of TBAB was 29 wt%, 31 wt%, and 35 wt%
- tap water was 71 wt%, 69 wt%, and 65 wt%.
- no supercooling inhibitor such as sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is added to any of the comparative samples.
- TBAB is stirred and completely dissolved to obtain an aqueous TBAB solution.
- sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is first put in a rectangular parallelepiped blow molded container having a vertical length of 18 cm, a horizontal length of 21 cm, and a thickness of 1.5 cm, followed by a TBAB aqueous solution.
- the sodium tetraborate pentahydrate is not completely dissolved in the TBAB aqueous solution, and a part thereof remains in a powder state.
- 370 g of the heat storage material sample was sealed in the blow molded container.
- 370 g of a comparative sample was sealed in a similar blow molded container.
- the supercooling prevention effect of whether or not the heat storage material sample can be solidified (frozen) in a refrigerator at 3 ° C. was verified.
- FIG. 10 is a table showing the results of verifying the effect of preventing overcooling in this example.
- the column of “Na 2 B 4 O 7 / 5H 2 O 0 wt%” in FIG. 10 shows the verification result of a comparative sample to which sodium tetraborate is not added, and “Na 2 B 4 O 7 / 5H 2 O 2.
- the column “0 wt%” indicates the verification result of the heat storage material sample containing sodium tetraborate.
- “ ⁇ ” is marked when each sample is solidified, and “x” is marked when the sample is not solidified.
- the heat storage material according to this example has a heat storage material that reversibly changes to a TBAB aqueous solution, a TBAB clathrate hydrate, and sodium tetraborate added to the TBAB aqueous solution.
- a heat storage material When the heat storage material is in a liquid phase, a part of sodium tetraborate is not dissolved in the TBAB aqueous solution.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment can prevent overcooling.
- Example 10 a refrigerator according to Example 10 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the refrigerator according to the present embodiment has a heat storage material arranged in the refrigerator compartment.
- a heat storage material was produced in which the concentration of TBAB was 35 wt% and the concentration of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate was 2.0 wt%.
- Two pieces of 370 g sealed in the same blow molded container as that used in Example 9 were prepared.
- a fresh case is arrange
- the height of the fresh case is 10 cm
- the lateral width is 40 cm
- the depth is 26 cm.
- the set temperature of the fresh case is 0 ° C to 5 ° C.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the temperature change of the fresh case from the time when the power was turned off 18 hours after the power was turned on.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 11 indicates temperature (° C.), and the horizontal axis indicates time (hour).
- the curve shown by the solid line shows the temperature change when the heat storage material is arranged in the fresh case
- the curve shown by the broken line shows the temperature change when no heat storage material is arranged in the fresh case. Yes.
- the refrigerator provided with the heat storage material can keep the refrigerator compartment at 10 ° C. or less for 3.5 hours or more after the power is turned off.
- the heat storage material is disposed only on the bottom of the fresh case, but the heat storage material may be disposed on the side wall or ceiling of the fresh case.
- the refrigerator according to the present embodiment has a refrigerator compartment and a heat storage material arranged in the refrigerator compartment. According to the refrigerator according to the present embodiment, food or the like can be kept at 10 ° C. or lower for a predetermined time after the power is turned off.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made.
- the heat storage material according to the present embodiment may be gelled.
- Gelling materials include synthetic polymer molecules, natural polysaccharides, and gelatin having one or more hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, sulfonic acid groups, amino groups, and amide groups in the repeating unit.
- the synthetic polymer used for the gelling material is produced by arbitrarily cross-linking using at least one polymer selected from polyacrylamide derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyacrylic acid derivatives.
- Polyacrylamide derivatives are methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-butyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl , Aminoethyl group, aminopropyl group, 2-methylpropylsulfonic acid group, dimethylaminopropyl group or dimethylaminopropylacrylamide methyl chloride quaternary salt.
- an acryloylmorpholine having a cyclic structure, a methyl group, and a polymer of an acrylamide derivative having a hydrogen atom may be used as the gelling material.
- a polymer synthesized by random polymerization, graft polymerization, or block polymerization of a plurality of types of acrylamide derivatives may be used as the gelling material.
- Polyacrylic acid derivatives are methyl, ethyl, cyclopropyl, propyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, n-butyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxy It has propyl, aminoethyl group, aminopropyl group, 2-methylpropylsulfonic acid group, dimethylaminopropyl group or dimethylaminopropylacrylamide methyl chloride quaternary salt.
- a polymer obtained by polymerizing a plurality of types of polyacrylic acid may be used as the gelling material.
- a polymer obtained by synthesizing a plurality of kinds of acrylic acid derivatives by random polymerization, graft polymerization, or block polymerization may be used for the gelling material.
- crosslinked with the crosslinking agent may be used for a gelling material.
- N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide is used as the cross-linking material.
- natural polysaccharides used for the gelling material include agar, alginic acid, fercellan, pectin, starch, a mixture of xanthan gum and locust bean gum, tamarind seed gum, julan gum, carrageenan and the like.
- a heat storage material is sealed in a glass sample tube bottle to verify the effect of preventing overcooling.
- the heat storage material is sealed in the sample tube bottle and when it is sealed in the blow-molded container or the pack packaging material, the cold air to the heat storage material is less likely to be transmitted when sealed in the sample tube bottle.
- nucleation may occur in the locally cooled portion, and the whole may solidify.
- the heat storage material enclosure is changed from a sample tube bottle to a blow-molded container or a pack packaging material, or the heat storage material enclosure is enlarged so that the heat storage material is locally cooled below 3 ° C. in the refrigerator. If it becomes a state to be carried out, the heat storage material sample which did not solidify in the said embodiment may solidify.
- the present invention can be widely used in heat storage materials for heat insulation.
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Abstract
Description
テトラアルキルアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液と、前記テトラアルキルアンモニウム塩をゲスト分子とする包接水和物とに可逆的に変化する蓄熱材料と、
前記水溶液に添加された四ホウ酸ナトリウムと
を有することを特徴とする蓄熱材であってもよい。
前記テトラアルキルアンモニウム塩は、テトラブチルアンモニウムブロミドであること
を特徴とする蓄熱材であってもよい。
前記水溶液中での前記テトラブチルアンモニウムブロミドの濃度は、25wt%以上、40wt%以下であること
を特徴とする蓄熱材であってもよい。
前記四ホウ酸ナトリウムの添加量は、0℃での水に対する飽和溶解度以上、3wt%以下であること
を特徴とする蓄熱材であってもよい。
冷蔵室と、
前記冷蔵室内に配置された上記蓄熱材と
を有することを特徴とする冷蔵庫であってもよい。
次に、本実施の形態の実施例1による蓄熱材について説明する。近年、停電や消費電力のピークシフトに対応できる冷蔵庫が求められている。停電や消費電力のピークシフトのために冷蔵庫への電力供給が遮断された場合、冷蔵庫内を保冷するために蓄熱材が用いられる。蓄熱材は、冷蔵庫に電力が供給されない場合、冷蔵庫内の温度を10℃程度に所定時間維持することが求められている。
次に、本実施の形態の実施例2による蓄熱材について説明する。本実施例では、上記実施例1と同様に、水道水にTBABを溶解させてTBAB水溶液を作製した。TBAB水溶液中のTBABの濃度は、33wt%とした。また、上記実施例1と同様に、TBAB水溶液中に四ホウ酸ナトリウム五水和物を含まない蓄熱材サンプルと、TBAB水溶液中の四ホウ酸ナトリウムの濃度が0.5wt%、1.0wt%、1.5wt%、2.0wt%、3.0wt%である蓄熱材サンプルを作製した。
次に、本実施の形態の実施例3による蓄熱材について説明する。本実施例では、上記実施例1及び2と同様に、水道水にTBABを溶解させてTBAB水溶液を作製した。TBAB水溶液中のTBABの濃度は、28wt%、30wt%、32wt%、36wt%、38wt%、40wt%とした。また、上記実施例1と同様に、TBAB水溶液中に四ホウ酸ナトリウム五水和物を含まない蓄熱材サンプルと、TBAB水溶液中の四ホウ酸ナトリウムの濃度が0.5wt%、1.0wt%、1.5wt%、2.0wt%、3.0wt%である蓄熱材サンプルを作製した。
次に、本実施の形態の実施例4による蓄熱材について図4を用いて説明する。上記のように、本実施の形態による蓄熱材では、過冷却防止剤として四ホウ酸ナトリウムが用いられている。四ホウ酸ナトリウムには、四ホウ酸ナトリウム無水物、四ホウ酸ナトリウム五水和物、四ホウ酸ナトリウム十水和物がある。過冷却防止剤としては、四ホウ酸ナトリウム無水物、四ホウ酸ナトリウム五水和物又は四ホウ酸ナトリウム十水和物のいずれが用いられてもよい。
次に、図5を用いて、本実施の形態の比較例による蓄熱材について説明する。本比較例では、水道水にTBABを溶解させてTBAB水溶液を作製した。TBAB水溶液中のTBABの濃度は、20wt%、25wt%、33wt%、40wt%とした。また、本比較例では、過冷却防止剤としてリン酸水素二ナトリウム(Na2HPO4)が用いられている。リン酸水素二ナトリウムは、TBAB水溶液に添加されている。TBAB水溶液中のリン酸水素二ナトリウムは、0.5wt%、1.0wt%、1.5wt%、2.0wt%、3.0wt%、5.0wt%とした。
次に、本実施の形態の実施例5による蓄熱材について図6を用いて説明する。本実施例では、過冷却防止剤に四ホウ酸ナトリウムを用いた場合と、リン酸水素二ナトリウムを用いた場合での、蓄熱材が凝固及び融解を繰り返したときの潜熱量の変化について検証する。
次に、本実施の形態の実施例6による蓄熱材について図7を用いて説明する。本実施例では、過冷却防止剤に四ホウ酸ナトリウムを用いた場合と、リン酸水素二ナトリウムを用いた場合とでの、蓄熱材の融解開始温度の変化について検証する。
次に、本実施の形態の実施例7による蓄熱材について図8を用いて説明する。上記実施例1~6では、千葉県柏市の柏第5水源地から供給された水道水にTBABを溶解させて蓄熱材サンプルを作製した。この水道水は、硬度が約80mg/lの中程度軟水である。また、世界保健機関(WHO)は、硬度が120mg/l以下の水を軟水に分類している。
次に、本実施の形態の実施例8による蓄熱材について説明する。TBABが用いられている本実施例の蓄熱材は、冷蔵庫内の保冷用に好適である。本実施例の蓄熱材は、TBAB水溶液中の濃度により、融解開始温度が制御される。図9は、本実施例による蓄熱材の融解開始温度とTBABの濃度の関係を示すグラフである。図9の縦軸は融解開始温度(℃)を示し、横軸はTBAB水溶液中のTBABの濃度を示している。
次に、本実施の形態の実施例9による蓄熱材について図10を用いて説明する。本実施例では、蓄熱主剤(蓄熱材料)であるTBABと過冷却防止剤である四ホウ酸ナトリウムを用いて蓄熱材サンプルを作製し実際に冷蔵庫にて凍結の評価を行った。
次に、本実施の形態の実施例10による冷蔵庫について図11を用いて説明する。本実施例による冷蔵庫は、冷蔵室内に配置された蓄熱材を有している。本実施例では、TBABの濃度を35wt%とし、四ホウ酸ナトリウム五水和物の濃度を2.0wt%とする蓄熱材を作製した。当該蓄熱材を上記実施例9で用いたのと同様のブロー成型容器に370g封入したものを2個用意した。
本実施の形態による蓄熱材は、ゲル化されていてもよい。
Claims (5)
- テトラアルキルアンモニウム塩を含む水溶液と、前記テトラアルキルアンモニウム塩をゲスト分子とする包接水和物とに可逆的に変化する蓄熱材料と、
前記水溶液に添加された四ホウ酸ナトリウムと
を有することを特徴とする蓄熱材。 - 請求項1記載の蓄熱材であって、
前記テトラアルキルアンモニウム塩は、テトラブチルアンモニウムブロミドであること
を特徴とする蓄熱材。 - 請求項2記載の蓄熱材であって、
前記水溶液中での前記テトラブチルアンモニウムブロミドの濃度は、25wt%以上、40wt%以下であること
を特徴とする蓄熱材。 - 請求項2又は3に記載の蓄熱材であって、
前記四ホウ酸ナトリウムの添加量は、0℃での水に対する飽和溶解度以上、3wt%以下であること
を特徴とする蓄熱材。 - 冷蔵室と、
前記冷蔵室内に配置された請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載の蓄熱材と
を有することを特徴とする冷蔵庫。
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