WO2015068658A1 - 赤外線検出素子 - Google Patents
赤外線検出素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015068658A1 WO2015068658A1 PCT/JP2014/079105 JP2014079105W WO2015068658A1 WO 2015068658 A1 WO2015068658 A1 WO 2015068658A1 JP 2014079105 W JP2014079105 W JP 2014079105W WO 2015068658 A1 WO2015068658 A1 WO 2015068658A1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 229910000673 Indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium arsenide Chemical compound [In]#[As] RPQDHPTXJYYUPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 4
- WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium antimonide Chemical compound [Sb]#[In] WPYVAWXEWQSOGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001451 molecular beam epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 conductivity type Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017115 AlSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005542 GaSb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N Matrine Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2CN3C(=O)CCC[C@@H]3[C@@H]3[C@H]2N1CCC3 ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004205 SiNX Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001312 dry etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052950 sphalerite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001039 wet etching Methods 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an infrared detection element made of a compound semiconductor having an InAsSb / InAs / InAsSb structure.
- Patent Document 1 A conventional infrared detection element is described in Patent Document 1.
- This infrared detection element has a structure in which an intermediate layer (InAsSb, GaInSb, AlAs, InAs, GaAs, AlSb, or GaSb) is sandwiched between upper and lower compound semiconductor layers (InSb, InAsSb, or InSbN).
- the device characteristics can be improved by setting the intermediate layer to a superlattice structure and setting the thickness of each layer constituting the superlattice structure to a critical film thickness or less. Knowledge has been made.
- the inventors of the present application in the above-described prior art, in the case where the intermediate layer includes InAs and the upper and lower compound semiconductor layers are InAsSb, by setting the thickness of the intermediate layer to a critical thickness or less, It was discovered that the device characteristics could not be improved.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an infrared detection element capable of having excellent detection characteristics when the intermediate layer is InAs and the upper and lower compound semiconductor layers are InAsSb.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the reason for setting the thickness of each layer constituting the intermediate layer to be equal to or less than the critical film thickness is based on the knowledge that when the stress acting on each layer exceeds the critical film thickness, the respective crystallinity deteriorates. It is believed that there is. In other words, when the InAs layer is less than the critical thickness, it was considered that the crystal defects of the individual InAs layers can be improved.
- the inventors of the present application particularly have a structure in which an intermediate layer is sandwiched between a pair of InAsSb layers, and in the case where a superlattice structure including an InAs layer is employed in this intermediate layer, Defects such as dislocation defects such as cracks and misfit dislocations extend from the interface between the underlying InAsSb layer and InAs layer during growth, and the growth of the extended defects cannot be stopped by a thin InAs layer. discovered. Therefore, when the thickness of the InAs layer was set larger than the critical thickness without adopting the superlattice structure, the growth of defects extending from the interface stopped, the crystallinity of these compound semiconductor layers was improved, and the detection characteristics Found to improve.
- an infrared detection element includes a first InAsSb layer, an InAs layer grown on the first InAsSb layer, and a second InAsSb layer grown on the InAs layer.
- the critical thickness hc of the InAs layer and the thickness t of the InAs layer satisfy the relationship of hc ⁇ t.
- the infrared detection element can have excellent detection characteristics.
- composition ratio X of As in the first InAsSb layer and the second InAsSb layer is 0.58 or more and 1.0 or less, respectively, more preferably 0.7 or more and 0.9 or less.
- crystallinity of the InAs layer and the second InAsSb layer can be improved.
- the thickness t of the InAs layer further satisfies t ⁇ 2.0 ⁇ m. This is because when the thickness t exceeds 2.0 ⁇ m, the manufacturing process time becomes remarkably long and is not suitable for mass production.
- the infrared detection element of the present invention can have excellent detection characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of the infrared detection element.
- FIG. 2 is a chart showing the material, conductivity type, impurity concentration, and thickness of each layer.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional TEM image (Example) of the InAsSb / InAs / InAsSb structure.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing a cross-sectional TEM image (comparative example) of InAsSb / (InAsSb / InAs superlattice structure) / InAsSb structure.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength of incident light ( ⁇ m) and the specific detection capability (cm ⁇ Hz 1/2 / W).
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the composition ratio X of As in InAsSb and the critical film thickness hc (nm) of the InAs layer.
- FIG. 7 is a chart for explaining a formula for calculating the critical film thickness hc.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a laminated structure used for X-ray diffraction measurement.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the As composition ratio X of the InAsSb layer and the full width at half maximum FWHM (arcsec) of the rocking glove in the X-ray diffraction measurement.
- the infrared detection element according to the embodiment will be described.
- the same reference numerals are used for the same elements, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an infrared detection element.
- This infrared detection element includes a plurality of compound semiconductor layers, and a buffer layer 2, a buffer layer 3 (first InAsSb layer), and a buffer layer 4 (InAs layer) on a semi-insulating semiconductor substrate 1.
- a light absorbing layer 5 (second InAsSb layer), a barrier layer 6 and a cap layer 7 are sequentially stacked.
- Each of these compound semiconductor layers is grown on the semiconductor substrate 1 by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).
- the partial region of the semiconductor structure is removed by etching from the surface side. That is, some regions of the cap layer 7, the barrier layer 6, the light absorption layer 5, and the buffer layer 4 are etched along the thickness direction from the respective surfaces, and this etching causes the surface of the buffer layer 4 to be etched. Exposed and a mesa structure is formed. Further, the surface of the non-doped semi-insulating buffer layer 2 is also etched between the elements until a part of the surface is exposed, and adjacent infrared detection elements are separated at the time of manufacture. . That is, after the surface of the buffer layer 4 is exposed, the buffer layer 4 and the buffer layer 3 are further etched so as to surround the infrared detection element, thereby separating the elements. For the above etching, either dry etching or wet etching can be employed.
- a protective film 8 is formed so as to cover the surface of the buffer layer 2, the surface of the buffer layer 4, the side surface of the semiconductor structure, and a part of the surface of the cap layer 7.
- the protective film 8 is made of an inorganic insulator such as silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) or silicon nitride (SiNx), protects each infrared detection element, and adjoins infrared detection elements caused by dust or dirt. A short circuit between them is prevented, and insulation between these elements is maintained.
- the plurality of infrared detection elements can be used separately after manufacturing, but since the insulation between the elements is maintained, it can also be used as an infrared photodiode array.
- a part of the protective film 8 is removed, and an electrode is formed in the contact hole formed by the removal. That is, the first electrode 9 is formed in contact with the cap layer 7 in the contact hole of the protective film 8 on the cap layer 7, and the second electrode is formed in the contact hole of the protective film 8 on the buffer layer 4.
- the electrode 10 is formed in contact with the buffer layer 4.
- the electrode material is not particularly limited as long as the infrared IR is incident from the substrate side as long as it is in ohmic contact with the target compound semiconductor layer. Therefore, a metal such as gold (Au) or aluminum (Al) should be used. Can do.
- the electrode material When infrared rays are incident from the side opposite to the substrate, the electrode material is made of a material that transmits infrared rays if it is in ohmic contact with the target compound semiconductor layer, or a thin metal film, other mesh or opening. If it is a shape which has, it will not specifically limit. Also in this case, the above-mentioned metal such as gold or aluminum can be used as the electrode material.
- the semiconductor structure described above constitutes an infrared photodiode. That is, light incident on the light absorption layer 5 from the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate 1 through the semiconductor substrate 1 and the buffer layers 2, 3, 4 sequentially is photoelectrically converted in the light absorption layer 5. Hole electron pairs are generated at.
- the magnitude relationships of the energy band gaps E6, E5, and E4 of the barrier layer 6, the light absorption layer 5, and the buffer layer 4 satisfy E6> E5 and E4> E5.
- the lattice constant a6 of the barrier layer 6, the lattice constant a5 of the light absorption layer 5, and the lattice constant a4 of the buffer layer 4 can be set to a6 ⁇ a5 and a4 ⁇ a5, for example.
- the infrared rays IR when infrared rays are incident from the front surface side, a part of the infrared rays are largely absorbed by the cap layer 7, and therefore it is preferable that the infrared rays IR be incident from the back surface side.
- the infrared IR can pass through the semiconductor substrate 1 and the buffer layers 2 and 4 having a larger energy band gap than the light absorption layer 5 and can enter the light absorption layer 5.
- Infrared IR is transmitted through the buffer layer 3 having a thickness smaller than that of the light absorption layer after passing through the buffer layer 2.
- the buffer layer 3 is preferably as thin as possible.
- the thickness of the buffer layer 3 is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the electrons generated in the light absorption layer 5 with the incidence of the infrared IR to the light absorption layer 5 are less likely to diffuse in the direction of the barrier layer 6 due to the inclination of the energy levels formed by these energy band gaps. It has become. Further, since the cap layer 7 and the barrier layer 6 are P-type, the light absorption layer 5 is non-doped, and the buffer layer 4 is N-type, these constitute a PIN photodiode. In the non-biased state, a diffusion potential is generated inside the PIN photodiode, the potential of the N-type buffer layer 4 from which electrons as carriers have escaped is positively charged, and the P-type from which holes as carriers have escaped.
- the potentials of the cap layer 7 and the barrier layer 6 are negatively charged. Therefore, the electrons generated in the light absorption layer 5 move toward the buffer layer 4 according to the diffusion potential and the inclination of the energy level, and the holes move toward the barrier layer 6. These carriers can be taken out by the first electrode 9 and the second electrode 10 in contact with the cap layer 7 and the semiconductor substrate 1, respectively.
- FIG. 2 is a chart showing the material, conductivity type, impurity concentration, and thickness of each layer.
- Zn, Be, C, Mg, or the like can be used as the P-type impurity in InAsSb and AlInAsSb
- Si, Te, Sn, S, or Se can be used as the N-type impurity.
- the P-type impurity in InAsSb and AlInAsSb is Zn
- the N-type impurity in InAs is Si.
- the material / conductivity type / impurity concentration / thickness of each layer is as follows.
- -Cap layer 7 InAsSb / P type / 2 ⁇ 10 18 to 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 /0.5 ⁇ m
- Barrier layer 6 AlInAsSb / P type / 2 ⁇ 10 18 to 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 /0.02 ⁇ m
- -Light absorption layer 5 InAsSb / N ⁇ type (non-doped) / 2 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less / 2.0 ⁇ m
- Buffer layer 4 InAs / N type / 2 ⁇ 10 18 to 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 /0.5 ⁇ m
- Buffer layer 3 InAsSb / N ⁇ type (non-doped) / 2 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or less / 0.5 ⁇ m
- Buffer layer 2 GaAs / semi-insulating (non-doped)
- the impurity concentration of each layer is C, even if the impurity fluctuation occurs within the range of 0.1 ⁇ C or more and 10 ⁇ C or less, the effect is not greatly changed. It is considered to function as a detection element. Desirably, it is the range of the said impurity concentration (carrier concentration).
- composition ratio X1 of As when the buffer layer 3 made of InAsSb is made of InAs X1 Sb 1-X1 and the composition ratio X2 of As when the light absorption layer 5 is made of InAs X2 Sb 1-X2 It is assumed that they are equal (X1 X2). Even if X2 has an error of ⁇ 30% with respect to X1, there is no significant difference in crystal growth.
- the critical film thickness hc of the buffer layer (InAs layer) 4 made of the InAs layer and the thickness t of the buffer layer 4 satisfy the relationship of hc ⁇ t.
- FIG. 7 is a chart for explaining the calculation formula of the critical film thickness hc.
- Formula (1) is the Matthews formula (described in J. W. Matthews and A. E.Blackeslee, J.Cryst. Growth, 27, 118 (1974), etc.) regarding the critical thickness of the intermediate layer of the double hetero structure. It is shown based on the force acting on the dislocation at the heterointerface between the two layers.
- hc is the critical thickness of InAs
- f is the degree of lattice mismatch
- ⁇ the Poisson's ratio
- b is the Burgers vector.
- the equation (2) is obtained.
- Equation (2) is transformed as Equation (3).
- the lattice constant a InAs of InAs is substituted for the lattice constant a, and the equation (5)
- the lattice mismatch degree f is obtained.
- the lattice constant of InAsSb is a InAsSb .
- the lattice constant a InAsSb of InAsSb which is a mixed crystal can be obtained by the formula (6) from the Vegard law.
- the infrared detection element has less noise (high specific detection capability) and can have excellent detection characteristics. This is because the growth of crystal defects extending from the interface between the InAs layer and the underlying InAsSb layer can be stopped in the infrared detection element having the InAsSb / InAs / InAsSb structure. Therefore, by setting the thickness of the buffer layer 4 (InAs layer), which is an intermediate layer, to be larger than the critical film thickness hc, the crystallinity of these compound semiconductor layers is improved and the detection characteristics are improved.
- the buffer layer 4 InAs layer
- the thickness t of the buffer layer 4 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m ⁇ t and more preferably t ⁇ 2.0 ⁇ m in order to facilitate the device process. That is, when the thickness t exceeds 2.0 ⁇ m, the manufacturing process time becomes remarkably long, which is not suitable for mass production.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the composition ratio X of As in InAsSb and the critical film thickness hc (nm) of the InAs layer obtained by the above formula.
- As composition ratio X of the buffer layer 3 and the light absorption layer 5 was both 0.85, it was confirmed that the crystallinity of the buffer layer 4 and the light absorption layer 5 was improved as will be described later. .
- the value of X is preferably 0.58 or more and 1.0 or less, and more preferably 0.7 or more and 0.9 or less, from the viewpoint of the crystallinity improving effect. In this case, it is possible to improve at least the crystallinity of the light absorption layer 5 (InAsSb layer).
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a laminated structure used for X-ray diffraction measurement.
- A shows a structure in which InAs X Sb 1-X is formed on a GaAs substrate
- B shows InAs X Sb 1-X , InAs, and InAs X Sb 1-X sequentially on the GaAs substrate.
- a stacked structure is shown. The manufacturing conditions for each layer are the same as in the examples described later.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the As composition ratio X of the InAsSb layer in the X-ray diffraction measurement and the rocking half-width FWHM (arcsec) of the X-ray diffraction from the InAsSb layer.
- a square mark is a graph of the structure of FIG. 8 (A)
- a diamond mark is a graph of the structure (B) of FIG. In the graph, X was changed to 0.58, 0.85, and 1.00.
- the light absorption layer 5 has an appropriate thickness (greater than 117 nm) except for the thicknesses of the buffer layer 3 and the buffer layer 4 that affect light absorption and crystallinity, the above-mentioned thicknesses of the respective layers are set to d. Then, even if thickness variation occurs within a range of 0.2 ⁇ d to 5 ⁇ d, there is little reason for a large change in the operational effect, so that it functions as an infrared detecting element with excellent characteristics.
- a compound semiconductor layer as shown in FIG. 2 was laminated on the semiconductor substrate 1 using the MBE method.
- MBE method a substrate is placed in a vacuum vessel in which a crucible for supplying raw materials is placed, each element constituting each layer is placed in an independent crucible, and each element is placed in each layer by heating them. Are simultaneously supplied to grow each layer on the underlying layer.
- an impurity such as Zn or Si
- Impurities are not supplied when growing a non-doped semiconductor layer. Note that when no impurity is supplied, the crystallinity of the semiconductor layer is improved.
- the growth temperature of GaAs was set to 690 ° C.
- the growth temperature of InAsSb was set to 610 ° C.
- the growth temperature of InAs was set to 620 ° C.
- the growth temperature of AlInAsSb was set to 630 ° C.
- X 0.85
- the Al composition ratio in the AlInAsSb layer was 0.3.
- Each semiconductor layer can also be formed using a MOVPE (metal organic vapor phase epitaxy) method.
- MOVPE metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
- the InAs buffer layer 4 as the intermediate layer in the example, a structure using a plurality of InAs layers and InAsSb layers having a critical thickness or less was formed.
- the AlInAsSb, GaAs, InAsSb, and InAs formation methods, impurity concentrations, and growth temperatures were the same as in the examples, but the thicknesses were set as follows.
- each layer is as follows.
- -Cap layer 7 InAsSb / P type / 0.5 ⁇ m -Barrier layer 6: AlInAsSb / P type / 0.02 ⁇ m -Light absorption layer 5: InAsSb / N ⁇ type (non-doped) /2.0 ⁇ m ⁇
- Buffer layer InAsSb / N type / 1.0 ⁇ m
- Buffer layer 4 Superlattice buffer layer / buffer layer 3 as described above: InAsSb / N ⁇ type (non-doped) /0.3 ⁇ m
- Buffer layer 2 GaAs / semi-insulating (non-doped) /0.2 ⁇ m ⁇
- Semiconductor substrate 1 GaAs / semi-insulating 250 ⁇ m
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional TEM image of the InAsSb / InAs / InAsSb structure according to the example
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional TEM image of the InAsSb / (InAsSb / InAs superlattice structure) / InAsSb structure according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional TEM image of the InAsSb / InAs / InAsSb structure according to the example
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional TEM image of the InAsSb / (InAsSb / InAs superlattice structure) / InAsSb structure according to the comparative example.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional TEM image of the InAsSb / InAs / InAsSb structure according to the example
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional TEM image
- the crystallinity of the InAs layer (buffer layer 4) and the InAsSb layer (light absorption layer 5) formed on the InAsSb layer (buffer layer 3) is improved as compared with the comparative example. That is, the buffer layer 4 and the light-absorbing layer are used in the case of the embodiment in which each layer does not use a superlattice and has a thickness larger than the critical thickness, compared to the case where each layer uses an InAs / InAsSb superlattice having a critical thickness or less. The crystallinity of 5 is improved.
- the thickness of the light absorption layer 5 is preferably larger than 117 nm.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the wavelength ( ⁇ m) of incident light (infrared rays) and the specific detection capability (cm ⁇ Hz 1/2 / W) of the infrared detection element.
- the ratio detection capability indicates the sensitivity per unit area of the infrared detection element.
- the specific detection capability of the example is higher than that of the comparative example.
- the specific detection capability of the example is a substantially constant value in the wavelength range of 3.0 to 4.0 ⁇ m, and the maximum value is 2.0 ⁇ 10 9 (cm ⁇ Hz 1/2 / W) or more. is there.
- the infrared detection element of the example was superior to the infrared detection element of the comparative example also from the viewpoint of electrical characteristics.
- impurities or compound semiconductors that do not significantly affect the characteristics may be used.
- the above-described infrared detection element can be used for various applications as a sensor capable of operating at room temperature.
- SYMBOLS 1 Semiconductor substrate, 2 ... Buffer layer, 3 ... Buffer layer, 4 ... Buffer layer, 5 ... Light absorption layer, 6 ... Barrier layer, 7 ... Cap layer, 8 ... Protective film, 9, 10 ... Electrode, IR ... Infrared .
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Abstract
Description
・キャップ層7:
InAsSb/P型/2×1018~1×1019cm-3/0.5μm
・バリア層6:
AlInAsSb/P型/2×1018~1×1019cm-3/0.02μm
・光吸収層5:
InAsSb/N-型(ノンドープ)/2×1017cm-3以下/2.0μm
・バッファ層4:
InAs/N型/2×1018~5×1018cm-3/0.5μm
・バッファ層3:
InAsSb/N-型(ノンドープ)/2×1017cm-3以下/0.5μm
・バッファ層2:
GaAs/半絶縁型(ノンドープ)/1×1015cm-3以下/0.2μm
・半導体基板1:
GaAs/半絶縁型/1×1015cm-3以下/250μm
GaAsからは半導体基板1上に、MBE法を用いて、図2に示した通りの化合物半導体層を積層した。MBE法では、原料供給用の坩堝の配置された真空容器内に基板を配置し、各層を構成する各元素をそれぞれ独立の坩堝内に入れておき、これらを加熱することで、各元素を各層に同時に供給し、各層を下地層上に成長させる。不純物を添加する場合は、ドーパントとなる不純物(Zn又はSi等)を、成長中の各層に供給する。ノンドープの半導体層を成長させる場合には、不純物は供給しない。なお、不純物を供給しない場合には、半導体層の結晶性が向上する。図2の構造において、GaAsの成長温度は690℃、InAsSbの成長温度は610℃、InAsの成長温度は620℃、AlInAsSbの成長温度は630℃に設定した。また、X=0.85であり、AlInAsSb層におけるAlの組成比は0.3とした。各層の成長後に、上述のエッチング及びSiO2からなる保護膜8の形成を行い、更に、Alの電極9,10をキャップ層7及びバッファ層4上に形成した。
比較例の前段階の実験として、半絶縁性のGaAs基板上に、直接、MBE法でInAsSb層を形成した場合、断面TEM像(透過型電子顕微鏡像)を観察すると、実施例と比較して非常に多くのミスフィット転位などの転位欠陥が観察された。この欠陥は、基板とInAsSb層との界面から斜め方向に延びていた。この構造は、バッファ層を全く用いていないため、予想される結果である。そこで、臨界膜厚hc以下が、好ましいとされる上述の従来技術の文献と同様の構造を、比較例として、製造した。
・キャップ層7:
InAsSb/P型/0.5μm
・バリア層6:
AlInAsSb/P型/0.02μm
・光吸収層5:
InAsSb/N-型(ノンドープ)/2.0μm
・バッファ層:
InAsSb/N型/1.0μm
・バッファ層4:
上記の通りの超格子バッファ層
・バッファ層3:
InAsSb/N-型(ノンドープ)/0.3μm
・バッファ層2:
GaAs/半絶縁型(ノンドープ)/0.2μm
・半導体基板1:
GaAs/半絶縁型250μm
Claims (4)
- 赤外線検出素子において、
第1のInAsSb層と、
前記第1のInAsSb層上に成長したInAs層と、
前記InAs層上に成長した第2のInAsSb層と、
を備え、
前記InAs層の臨界膜厚hcと前記InAs層の厚みtは、
hc<t、
の関係を満たすことを特徴とする赤外線検出素子。 - 前記第1のInAsSb層及び前記第2のInAsSb層におけるAsの組成比Xは、それぞれ0.58以上1.0以下である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の赤外線検出素子。 - 前記第1のInAsSb層及び前記第2のInAsSb層におけるAsの組成比Xは、それぞれ0.7以上0.9以下である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の赤外線検出素子。 - 前記InAs層の厚みtは、
t≦2.0μm、
を更に満たすことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載の赤外線検出素子。
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CN106784117A (zh) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-05-31 | 云南师范大学 | 一种短波/中波/长波三波段红外探测器的制备方法 |
JP2017183424A (ja) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-05 | 旭化成エレクトロニクス株式会社 | 量子型赤外線センサ |
JP2019161066A (ja) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | 旭化成エレクトロニクス株式会社 | 赤外線センサ |
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JP6908367B2 (ja) * | 2016-10-19 | 2021-07-28 | 旭化成エレクトロニクス株式会社 | 赤外線発光素子 |
US11935973B2 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2024-03-19 | Asahi Kasei Microdevices Corporation | Infrared detecting device |
JP7027969B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-07 | 2022-03-02 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 半導体受光素子 |
JP2021525961A (ja) * | 2018-05-29 | 2021-09-27 | アイキューイー ピーエルシーIQE plc | 緩衝材にわたって形成される光電子デバイス |
JP7060530B2 (ja) | 2019-02-06 | 2022-04-26 | 旭化成エレクトロニクス株式会社 | 赤外線発光素子 |
JP2021057366A (ja) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-04-08 | 旭化成エレクトロニクス株式会社 | 赤外線センサ |
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