WO2011027624A1 - Iii-v族化合物半導体受光素子、iii-v族化合物半導体受光素子を作製する方法、受光素子、及び、エピタキシャルウェハ - Google Patents
Iii-v族化合物半導体受光素子、iii-v族化合物半導体受光素子を作製する方法、受光素子、及び、エピタキシャルウェハ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011027624A1 WO2011027624A1 PCT/JP2010/062228 JP2010062228W WO2011027624A1 WO 2011027624 A1 WO2011027624 A1 WO 2011027624A1 JP 2010062228 W JP2010062228 W JP 2010062228W WO 2011027624 A1 WO2011027624 A1 WO 2011027624A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- light receiving
- inp
- iii
- concentration distribution
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 205
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 149
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 139
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 122
- 229910000530 Gallium indium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000927 vapour-phase epitaxy Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 8
- IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylindium Chemical compound C[In](C)C IBEFSUTVZWZJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000001004 secondary ion mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 6
- RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylgallium Chemical compound CC[Ga](CC)CC RGGPNXQUMRMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 101100208382 Danio rerio tmsb gene Proteins 0.000 description 5
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZGNPLWZYVAFUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylphosphane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)P ZGNPLWZYVAFUNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QTQRGDBFHFYIBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylarsenic Chemical compound CC(C)(C)[As] QTQRGDBFHFYIBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 2-[(1s)-1-[4-amino-3-(3-fluoro-4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]ethyl]-6-fluoro-3-(3-fluorophenyl)chromen-4-one Chemical compound C1=C(F)C(OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(C1=C(N)N=CN=C11)=NN1[C@@H](C)C1=C(C=2C=C(F)C=CC=2)C(=O)C2=CC(F)=CC=C2O1 IUVCFHHAEHNCFT-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007261 regionalization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0352—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
- H01L31/035209—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions comprising a quantum structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/02387—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02392—Phosphides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02458—Nitrides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02461—Phosphides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02463—Arsenides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02466—Antimonides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02494—Structure
- H01L21/02496—Layer structure
- H01L21/02505—Layer structure consisting of more than two layers
- H01L21/02507—Alternating layers, e.g. superlattice
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02546—Arsenides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/0304—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L31/03042—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds characterised by the doping material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/0304—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds
- H01L31/03046—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, only AIIIBV compounds including ternary or quaternary compounds, e.g. GaAlAs, InGaAs, InGaAsP
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0352—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their shape or by the shapes, relative sizes or disposition of the semiconductor regions
- H01L31/035236—Superlattices; Multiple quantum well structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/08—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors
- H01L31/10—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof in which radiation controls flow of current through the device, e.g. photoresistors characterised by potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H01L31/101—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H01L31/102—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier
- H01L31/109—Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier the potential barrier being of the PN heterojunction type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/184—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof the active layers comprising only AIIIBV compounds, e.g. GaAs, InP
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/544—Solar cells from Group III-V materials
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a group III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element, a method for producing a group III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element, a light-receiving element, and an epitaxial wafer.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes the production of a photodiode having a cutoff wavelength of 2.39 microns.
- the light receiving element includes a light receiving layer provided on the InP substrate and a p-type InGaAs window layer.
- the light receiving layer includes an InGaAs / GaAsSb type II quantum well structure. After the mesa etching, a SiO2 passivation film is formed on the p-type InGaAs window layer.
- an InP window layer is used as the uppermost layer of this film structure.
- the InP window layer does not absorb near infrared light that should reach the light receiving layer.
- the InP window layer is also effective in suppressing dark current, as already described.
- the epitaxial stack of this photodiode is grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy.
- the epitaxial stack includes a light receiving layer.
- this light-receiving layer is made of a III-V compound semiconductor containing Sb as a group V constituent element, such as an InGaAs / GaAsSb type II quantum well structure, in the growth of this epitaxial stack, III- containing Sb as a group V constituent element.
- crystal growth of the InP window layer is performed. Thereafter, an anode region is selectively formed in a part of the epitaxial stack to form a pn junction.
- the inventors encountered unexpected electrical characteristics (increase in dark current) when measuring the characteristics of the photodiodes thus fabricated. According to a further investigation of this unexpected characteristic, an InP window layer that originally exhibits n-type exhibits p-type conductivity. When the InP window layer exhibits p-type conductivity, a pn junction is formed even in a region other than the selectively formed anode region. Therefore, an increase in the pn junction region and surface leakage current due to exposure of the pn junction to the surface. There is a problem that dark current increases due to the increase. The inventors have found that there are the following cases in investigating this factor. For example, it has been found that antimony not supplied during the growth of the InP window layer is mixed in InP as impurities in an amount exceeding the background level. According to the study by the inventors, antimony contamination is unique to InP.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and has a light-receiving layer having a III-V compound semiconductor layer containing Sb as a group V constituent element and an n-type InP window layer, and has a dark current.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a III-V group compound semiconductor light-receiving device capable of reducing the current and a method for producing the same, and to provide a light-receiving device capable of reducing dark current and an epitaxial wafer.
- a group III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving device includes: (a) a semiconductor substrate having a main surface; (b) a light-receiving layer provided on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate; An InP layer provided on the light receiving layer and having first and second portions; and (d) an anode region made of a p-type semiconductor extending from the surface of the first portion of the InP layer toward the light receiving layer.
- a band gap of the light receiving layer is smaller than a band gap of InP
- an n-type dopant is added to the InP layer, majority carriers in the second portion of the InP layer are electrons, The electron concentration in the second portion is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the antimony supplied during the growth of the group III-V compound semiconductor layer of the light-receiving layer remains in the growth furnace (that is, the memory effect).
- the InP layer grown in this manner contains antimony as an impurity.
- the antimony impurity in the InP layer generates holes.
- the n-type dopant added in the InP layer compensates for the generated carriers, and the majority carriers in the second portion of the InP layer are converted to electrons. Since the electron concentration is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the second portion of the InP layer exhibits sufficient n conductivity. For this reason, since regions other than the selectively formed anode region become n-conductive, it becomes possible to form a selective pn junction, thereby reducing dark current.
- a group III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving device includes: (a) a semiconductor substrate having a main surface; (b) a light-receiving layer provided on the main surface of the semiconductor substrate; And an InP layer provided on the light receiving layer.
- the bandgap of the light receiving layer is smaller than the bandgap of InP, a donor is added to the InP layer, and the donor density of the InP layer is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the antimony supplied during the growth of the group III-V compound semiconductor layer of the light-receiving layer remains in the growth furnace (that is, the memory effect).
- the InP layer grown in this manner contains antimony as an impurity.
- the antimony impurity in the InP layer generates holes.
- the donor in the InP layer compensates for this generated carrier, and the majority carriers in the second portion of the InP layer are converted to electrons. Since the donor density is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the second portion of the InP layer exhibits sufficient n conductivity. For this reason, since regions other than the selectively formed anode region become n-conductive, it becomes possible to form a selective pn junction, thereby reducing dark current.
- the donor density in the InP layer can be 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the donor in the InP layer can be silicon.
- the light-receiving layer may have a group III-V compound semiconductor layer containing at least antimony as a group V element.
- the InP layer may contain antimony as an impurity.
- the electron concentration in the second portion of the InP layer can be 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element when the second portion of the InP layer has an electron concentration not exceeding 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 , appropriate characteristics can be given to the anode region.
- the antimony concentration in the InP layer may be 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more, and the antimony concentration in the InP layer may be 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the concentration of antimony mixed in the InP layer is in the above range, and a part of the antimony impurity in this concentration range acts to provide holes.
- the addition of silicon compensates for the provided hole carriers, and further functions to convert majority carriers into electrons, and the regions other than the selectively formed anode region become n-conducting, thereby making it selective. Since it becomes possible to form a pn junction, dark current can be reduced.
- This III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element can further include an undoped InGaAs layer provided between the light-receiving layer and the InP layer.
- the antimony concentration of the InP layer is higher than the antimony concentration of the InGaAs layer.
- the InGaAs layer is useful for adjusting the position of the anode region with respect to the light receiving layer.
- this InGaAs layer also contains antimony as an impurity, the antimony concentration of the InP layer is higher than the antimony concentration of the InGaAs layer. Hence, the InGaAs layer can be undoped.
- the III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element can further include a passivation film made of an insulator that covers the surface of the second portion of the InP layer.
- the III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element dark current due to the material of the window layer can be reduced, and surface leakage current can also be reduced.
- the light-receiving layer has at least one of a multiple quantum well structure including an InGaAs layer and a GaAsSb layer and a multiple quantum well structure including a GaInNAs layer and a GaAsSb layer.
- the layer can include a GaAsSb layer.
- a light receiving layer having a desired wavelength sensitivity can be obtained.
- the semiconductor substrate may be made of conductive InP, and the III-V compound semiconductor light receiving element may further include a cathode electrode provided on the back surface of the semiconductor substrate.
- the InP substrate can provide a light-receiving layer with good light-receiving sensitivity. Also, favorable light receiving characteristics can be provided by the anode region made of a p-type semiconductor selectively reaching the light receiving layer from the surface and the cathode of the InP substrate, which is selectively formed in the first portion of the InP layer.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method of fabricating a III-V compound semiconductor light receiving element.
- the method includes (a) a step of placing a substrate in a growth furnace, and (b) a step of growing a semiconductor stack for the III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element in the growth furnace to form an epitaxial substrate. (C) a step of removing the epitaxial substrate from the growth furnace after forming an InP layer on the light receiving layer; and (d) a p-type from the surface of the InP layer after removing the epitaxial substrate from the growth furnace.
- the step of growing the semiconductor stack has (b1) a III-V compound semiconductor layer containing at least antimony as a group V constituent element by supplying a source gas containing an antimony source and a group V source to the growth reactor.
- a source gas containing an n-type dopant, an indium material and a phosphorus material is added to the growth furnace.
- a source gas containing an n-type dopant, an indium material and a phosphorus material is added to the growth furnace.
- the light receiving layer has a band gap smaller than that of InP, the InP layer contains antimony as an impurity, and the electron concentration
- the antimony impurity in the InP layer generates holes.
- the n-type dopant added in the InP layer compensates for this generated carrier, and the majority carriers in the second portion of the InP layer become electrons. Since the electron concentration is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the second portion of the InP layer exhibits sufficient n conductivity.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method of fabricating a III-V compound semiconductor light receiving element.
- the method includes (a) a step of placing a substrate in a growth furnace, and (b) a step of growing a semiconductor stack for the III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element in the growth furnace to form an epitaxial substrate. (C) a step of removing the epitaxial substrate from the growth furnace after forming an InP layer on the light receiving layer; and (d) a p-type from the surface of the InP layer after removing the epitaxial substrate from the growth furnace.
- the step of growing the semiconductor stack includes (b1) a step of forming the light receiving layer on the main surface of the substrate, and (b2) a source gas containing an n-type dopant, an indium source and a phosphorus source in the growth furnace. And supplying the n-type conductive InP layer on the light receiving layer.
- the band gap of the light receiving layer is smaller than the band gap of InP, and the donor density in the InP layer is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the antimony impurity in the InP layer generates holes.
- the donor in the InP layer compensates for this generated carrier, and the majority carriers in the second portion of the InP layer become electrons. Since the donor density is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the second portion of the InP layer exhibits sufficient n conductivity.
- the donor density in the InP layer may be 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the donor in the InP layer can be silicon.
- This method includes a step of supplying a source gas containing an antimony source and a group V source to the growth furnace, and the light receiving layer may have a III-V group compound semiconductor layer containing at least antimony as a group V element. .
- the InP layer may contain antimony as an impurity.
- the electron concentration in the second portion of the InP layer may be 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the antimony concentration in the InP layer may be 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more, and the antimony concentration in the InP layer may be 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the mixed antimony concentration in the InP layer is in the above range, and a part of the antimony impurity in this concentration range acts to provide holes.
- This method may further include a step of supplying a source gas containing a group III source material and a group V source material to the growth furnace and growing an InGaAs layer on the light receiving layer before the InP layer is grown.
- the antimony concentration of the InGaAs layer is lower than the antimony concentration of the InP layer.
- the InGaAs layer is useful for adjusting the position of the anode region with respect to the light receiving layer.
- this InGaAs layer also contains antimony as an impurity, the antimony concentration of the InP layer is higher than the antimony concentration of the InGaAs layer. Therefore, the InGaAs layer is undoped.
- the light receiving layer has at least one of a multiple quantum well structure including an InGaAs layer and a GaAsSb layer, and a multiple quantum well structure including a GaInNAs layer and a GaAsSb layer, and the light receiving layer includes a GaAsSb layer. be able to.
- a light receiving layer having a desired wavelength sensitivity can be formed.
- the light-receiving layer and the InP layer can be grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. According to this method, although a light-receiving layer and an InP layer having good characteristics can be grown, an antimony memory effect is produced in the growth of InP.
- a light receiving element includes a substrate made of a III-V group semiconductor, a light receiving layer provided on the substrate, and a diffusion concentration formed in contact with the light receiving layer and made of a III-V group semiconductor.
- a light distribution layer comprising: a distribution adjustment layer; and a window layer provided in contact with the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer and having a larger band gap energy than the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer and made of a group III-V semiconductor. Is provided between the substrate and the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer, and the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer is provided between the light receiving layer and the window layer, and the window layer and the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer.
- the semiconductor region is made up of first and second regions arranged in order along the bonding surface with the light receiving layer, and the first region includes a predetermined impurity element and is in contact with the second region.
- the conductivity type of the first region is A maximum n-type carrier concentration in a predetermined region extending in the window region or in the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer in the second region from the joint surface between the window layer and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer. The value is characterized by being in the range of 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the carrier concentration is less than 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or more than 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 , when two light receiving elements are adjacent as pixels, a good pnp junction is not formed between the adjacent pixels. The current leaks to the pixel and the dark current increases.
- the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer and the window layer interface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer and the window layer
- a good pnp junction may not be formed, and current may leak to adjacent pixels and dark current may increase.
- the light receiving element according to one aspect of the present invention increases the n-type carrier concentration at the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and the window layer, so that the dark current is reduced. Can be reduced.
- the maximum value of the n-type carrier concentration in the predetermined region is the n-type carrier concentration in the window layer or the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and in another region in contact with the predetermined region. Can be greater than the maximum value.
- the dark current can be particularly reduced by increasing the carrier concentration only in the vicinity of the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and the window layer.
- a light receiving element includes a substrate made of a III-V group semiconductor, a light receiving layer provided on the substrate, and a diffusion concentration formed in contact with the light receiving layer and made of a III-V group semiconductor.
- a light distribution layer comprising: a distribution adjustment layer; and a window layer provided in contact with the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer and having a larger band gap energy than the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer and made of a group III-V semiconductor. Is provided between the substrate and the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer, and the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer is provided between the light receiving layer and the window layer, and the window layer and the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer.
- the semiconductor region is made up of first and second regions arranged in order along the bonding surface with the light receiving layer, and the first region includes a predetermined impurity element and is in contact with the second region.
- the conductivity type of the first region is A mold, the maximum value of the concentration of the donor in a predetermined area of the junction surface extending in the window layer or the diffusion concentration distribution control layer and the diffusion concentration distribution control layer and the window layer, 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm -3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm -3 or less.
- the carrier concentration is less than 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or more than 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 , when two light receiving elements are adjacent as pixels, a good pnp junction is not formed between the adjacent pixels. The current leaks to the pixel and the dark current increases. Also, at the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and the window layer, a good pnp junction is not formed between adjacent pixels due to generation of hole defects or carrier depletion due to band discontinuity. There is a concern that current leaks and dark current increases.
- the light receiving element according to one aspect of the present invention increases the n-type carrier concentration at the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and the window layer, so that the dark current is reduced. Can be reduced.
- the carrier concentration as described above can be realized by adding a donor impurity.
- the maximum value of the donor concentration in the predetermined region is greater than the maximum value of the donor concentration in the window layer or the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and in other regions in contact with the predetermined region. Can also be great. As described above, the dark current can be particularly reduced by increasing the donor concentration only in the vicinity of the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and the window layer.
- the thickness of the predetermined region may be 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less. When the thickness of the predetermined region is less than 0.02 ⁇ m, it is not possible to compensate for the generation of Hall defects and carrier depletion due to band discontinuity, and dark current cannot be reduced. When the thickness of the predetermined region exceeds 0.2 ⁇ m, dark current increases due to excessive n-type carriers.
- the donor may be Si.
- Si By using Si, it is possible to easily control the n-type carrier concentration and the donor concentration.
- the impurity element may be Zn. Since the p-type region is formed by doping Zn as an impurity element, a plurality of light receiving elements arranged in an array on the epitaxial wafer are formed.
- the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer can be made of InGaAs. Since the diffusion rate of Zn is slower in InGaAs than in InP, the controllability of the Zn diffusion depth is improved.
- the window layer can be made of InP.
- the technique for forming the passivation film on the InP crystal surface has more accumulation than the technique for forming the passivation film on the InGaAs surface, and the dark current leakage on the surface can be easily suppressed.
- the window layer made of InP has a structure in which the epitaxial layer is on the incident surface side, the window layer effectively acts on the suppression of dark current while preventing absorption of near-infrared light on the incident side from the light receiving layer.
- the light receiving layer may have a type II multiple quantum well structure. Therefore, a light receiving element having light receiving sensitivity on the long wavelength side (wavelength> 2 ⁇ m) in the near infrared region can be manufactured.
- the multiple quantum well structure includes In x Ga 1-x As (0.38 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.68) and GaAs 1-y Sb y (0.36 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.62). Pair or Ga 1-t In t N u As 1-u (0.4 ⁇ t ⁇ 0.8, 0 ⁇ u ⁇ 0.2) and GaAs 1-v Sb v (0.36 ⁇ v ⁇ 0) .62).
- the multiple quantum well structure includes In x Ga 1-x As (0.38 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.68) and GaAs 1-y Sb y (0.36 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.62). Pair or Ga 1-t In t N u As 1-u (0.4 ⁇ t ⁇ 0.8, 0 ⁇ u ⁇ 0.2) and GaAs 1-v Sb v (0.36 ⁇ v ⁇ 0) .62).
- An epitaxial wafer includes a substrate made of a group III-V semiconductor, a light receiving layer provided on the substrate, and a diffusion concentration formed in contact with the light receiving layer and made of a group III-V semiconductor.
- a light distribution layer comprising: a distribution adjustment layer; and a window layer provided in contact with the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer and having a larger band gap energy than the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer and made of a group III-V semiconductor. Is provided between the substrate and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer, and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer is provided between the light receiving layer and the window layer, and the window layer and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer.
- the maximum value of the n-type carrier concentration in a predetermined region extending from the bonding surface to the window layer or the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer is 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less. Be within range It is characterized by.
- the carrier concentration is less than 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or more than 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 , a good pnp junction is formed between adjacent pixels when two light receiving elements are adjacent in the epitaxial wafer as pixels. As a result, current leaks to adjacent pixels and dark current increases. Also, at the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and the window layer, a good pnp junction is not formed between adjacent pixels due to generation of hole defects or carrier depletion due to band discontinuity. There is a concern that current leaks and dark current increases.
- the epitaxial wafer according to one aspect of the present invention increases the n-type carrier concentration at the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and the window layer, so that the dark current can be increased. Can be reduced.
- the maximum value of the n-type carrier concentration in the predetermined region of the window layer is n in the window layer or in the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and in other regions in contact with the predetermined region. It can be greater than the maximum carrier concentration of the mold. As described above, the dark current can be particularly reduced by increasing the carrier concentration only in the vicinity of the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and the window layer.
- An epitaxial wafer includes a substrate made of a group III-V semiconductor, a light receiving layer provided on the substrate, and a diffusion concentration formed in contact with the light receiving layer and made of a group III-V semiconductor.
- a light distribution layer comprising: a distribution adjustment layer; and a window layer provided in contact with the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer and having a larger band gap energy than the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer and made of a group III-V semiconductor. Is provided between the substrate and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer, and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer is provided between the light receiving layer and the window layer, and the window layer and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer.
- the maximum value of the donor concentration in the predetermined region extending from the bonding surface to the window layer or the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer is in the range of 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 . It is characterized by And
- the carrier concentration is less than 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or more than 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 .
- a good pnp junction is formed between adjacent pixels when two light receiving elements are adjacent in the epitaxial wafer as pixels.
- current leaks to adjacent pixels and dark current increases.
- a good pnp junction is not formed between adjacent pixels due to generation of hole defects or carrier depletion due to band discontinuity. There is a concern that current leaks and dark current increases.
- the epitaxial wafer according to one aspect of the present invention increases the n-type carrier concentration at the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and the window layer, so that the dark current can be increased. Can be reduced.
- the carrier concentration as described above can be realized by adding a donor impurity.
- the maximum value of the donor concentration in the predetermined region of the window layer is the donor concentration in the window layer or in the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and in other regions in contact with the predetermined region. Can be greater than the maximum value.
- the dark current can be particularly reduced by increasing the donor concentration only in the vicinity of the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer and the window layer.
- the donor can be Si.
- Si silicon
- the thickness of the predetermined region may be 0.02 ⁇ m or more and 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the predetermined region is less than 0.02 ⁇ m, it is not possible to compensate for the generation of Hall defects and carrier depletion due to band discontinuity, and dark current cannot be reduced.
- the thickness of the predetermined region exceeds 0.2 ⁇ m, dark current increases due to excessive n-type carriers.
- a dark current can be reduced by including a light-receiving layer having an III-V compound semiconductor layer containing Sb as a group V constituent element and an n-type InP window layer.
- a III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element is provided.
- a method for fabricating a III-V compound semiconductor light receiving element is provided.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the structure of a III-V compound semiconductor light receiving element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the main steps in the method for fabricating a III-V compound semiconductor light receiving element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a drawing showing the main steps in the method for producing a III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a drawing showing the main steps in the method for fabricating a III-V compound semiconductor light receiving element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows the structure of two types of epitaxial substrates.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing Sb concentrations measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry for the second InGaAs layer and the InP window layer of the two types of epitaxial substrates shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a drawing showing the structure of the photodiode shown in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship among silicon concentration, electron or hole concentration, and dark current in Example 1.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the light receiving element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the effect of the light receiving element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the epitaxial wafer according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example and a comparative example of the light receiving element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example and a comparative example of the light receiving element according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing showing a III-V compound semiconductor light receiving element according to the present embodiment.
- the III-V compound semiconductor light receiving element is, for example, a photodiode. Referring to FIG. 1, an orthogonal coordinate system S is shown.
- the III-V compound semiconductor light receiving element 11 includes a semiconductor substrate 13, a semiconductor stack 15, and an anode region 17.
- the semiconductor stack 15 is provided on the semiconductor substrate 13 and includes a light receiving layer 21 and an InP layer 23.
- the semiconductor layers (for example, the light receiving layer 21 and the InP layer 23) in the semiconductor stack 15 are stacked in the direction of the normal axis Ax of the main surface 13a of the semiconductor substrate 13.
- the semiconductor substrate 13 has a main surface 13a and a back surface 13b.
- the main surface 13a includes first and second areas 13c and 13d, and the second area 13d surrounds the first area 13c.
- the light receiving layer 21 is provided on the main surface 13 a of the semiconductor substrate 13 and is provided between the semiconductor substrate 13 and the InP layer 23.
- the light receiving layer 21 includes a III-V group compound semiconductor layer containing at least antimony as a group V constituent element.
- the group III-V compound semiconductor layer is made of, for example, GaAsSb.
- the light receiving layer 21 can have a bulk structure, a quantum well structure, or the like.
- the band gap Eabsp of the group III-V compound semiconductor layer is smaller than the band gap EInP of InP, and the group III-V compound semiconductor layer is incident on the main surface 15a of the semiconductor stack 15 and enters the light receiving layer 21 via the InP layer 23. Electron / hole pairs are generated from the light that arrives.
- the light receiving layer 21 has first and second portions 21c and 21d, and the first and second portions 21c and 21d are provided on the first and second areas 13c and 13d, respectively. .
- the InP layer 23 is provided on the light receiving layer 21 and includes first and second portions 23c and 23d. The first and second portions 23c and 23d are provided on the first and second areas 13c and 13d, respectively.
- the first portion 21c is provided between the first portion 23c and the first area 13c.
- the second portion 21d is provided between the second portion 23d and the second area 13d.
- the anode region 17 is made of a p-type semiconductor that reaches the light receiving layer 21 from the surface of the first portion 23 c of the InP layer 23.
- a p-type dopant is added to the anode region 17.
- As the p-type dopant for example, zinc (Zn) or the like is used.
- the InP layer 23 contains antimony as an impurity, and an n-type dopant is added to the InP layer 23.
- an n-type dopant is added to the InP layer 23.
- silicon, sulfur, or the like can be used as the n-type dopant.
- the majority carriers in the second portion 23d of the InP layer 23 are electrons, and the electron concentration in the second portion 23d of the InP layer 23 is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the light-receiving layer 21 is caused by the residual of antimony (that is, the memory effect) supplied to the growth furnace when the III-V compound semiconductor layer of the light-receiving layer 21 is grown.
- the InP layer 23 grown on top contains antimony that is not supplied during the growth as an impurity.
- the antimony impurity in the InP layer 23 generates holes.
- the generated carriers are compensated by the n-type dopant added to the InP layer 23.
- majority carriers in the second portion 23d of the InP layer 23 become electrons. Since the electron concentration is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the second portion 23 d of the InP layer 23 exhibits sufficient n conductivity.
- the antimony concentration in the InP layer 23 can be 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more, and the antimony concentration in the InP layer 23 can be 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the concentration of the mixed antimony in the InP layer 23 is in the above range, and at least a part of the antimony impurity in this concentration range acts to provide holes.
- the electron concentration in the second portion 23d of the InP layer 23 can be 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the anode region 17 has appropriate electrical characteristics without increasing the amount of p-type dopant for forming the anode region. be able to.
- the silicon concentration of the InP layer 23 is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and can be 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the light receiving layer 21 has at least one of a multiple quantum well structure including an InGaAs layer and a GaAsSb layer, and a multiple quantum well structure including a GaInNAs layer and a GaAsSb layer, and the III-V compound semiconductor layer includes a GaAsSb layer. Can do. According to the light receiving element 11, the light receiving layer 21 having a desired wavelength sensitivity can be obtained.
- the semiconductor stack 15 can further include an InGaAs layer 25.
- the InGaAs layer 25 is provided between the light receiving layer 21 and the InP layer 23.
- Antimony may be measured as an impurity in the InGaAs layer 25, and the antimony concentration of the InP layer 23 is higher than the antimony concentration of the InGaAs layer 25.
- the InGaAs layer 25 serves to adjust the position of the anode region 17 with respect to the light receiving layer 21.
- the InGaAs layer 25 may also contain antimony as an impurity, the antimony concentration of the InP layer 23 is higher than the antimony concentration of the InGaAs layer 25. Therefore, the InGaAs layer 25 can be undoped. Further, the thickness of the InGaAs layer 25 may be larger than the thickness of the InP layer 23.
- the InGaAs layer 25 has first and second portions 25c and 25d, and the first and second portions 25c and 25d are provided on the first and second areas 13c and 13d, respectively.
- the anode region 17 includes a first portion 25c and a first portion 23c, and is located on the first portion 21c.
- the bottom surface of the anode region 17 forms the pn junction 29a with the first portion 21c, and the side surface of the anode region 17 forms the pn junctions 29b and 29c with the second portion 25d and the second portion 23d.
- the semiconductor stack 15 can further include another InGaAs layer 27.
- the InGaAs layer 27 is provided between the light receiving layer 21 and the semiconductor substrate 13.
- the InGaAs layer 27 does not substantially contain antimony as an impurity.
- the band gap of the InGaAs layer 27 is larger than the band gap of the III-V compound semiconductor layer of the light receiving layer 21.
- An n-type dopant is added to the InGaAs layer 27.
- the n-type dopant for example, silicon (Si) is used.
- the silicon concentration of the InGaAs layer 27 can be, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the InGaAs layer 27 has first and second portions 27c and 27d, and the first and second portions 27c and 27d are provided on the first and second areas 13c and 13d, respectively. .
- the InGaAs layer 27 is in contact with the InP semiconductor region.
- the semiconductor substrate 13 can be made of InP, for example. This InP exhibits conductivity. If necessary, a buffer layer can be provided on the main surface 13a of the semiconductor substrate 13, and this buffer layer is made of, for example, InP.
- the InP substrate can provide a light receiving layer with good light receiving sensitivity. Further, good light receiving characteristics can be provided by the anode region 17 made of a p-type semiconductor reaching the light receiving layer from the surface of the first portion 23c of the InP layer 23 and the cathode of the InP substrate.
- the receivable wavelength of the light receiving layer 21 can be 1.0 micrometer or more, and can be 3.0 micrometers or less.
- the III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element 11 can include an anode electrode 33 that is in contact with the main surface 15 a of the semiconductor stack 15.
- the edge 33a of the anode electrode 33 is located inside a columnar virtual drawing that passes through the boundary of the first area 13c and extends in the direction of the normal axis Ax, and the pn junctions 29b and 29c are substantially on the side surfaces of the virtual drawing.
- a reference plane that passes through the axis Ax is defined. On any reference plane, the X and Y coordinates of the edge 33a of the anode electrode 33 are smaller than the X and Y coordinates of the first area 13c.
- the III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element 11 can further include a cathode electrode 35 provided on the back surface 13 b of the semiconductor substrate 13.
- the cathode electrode 35 covers the back surface 13b of the semiconductor substrate 13 and makes contact with the back surface 13b.
- the III-V compound semiconductor light-receiving element 11 can further include an insulating film 37 that covers the surface of the second portion 23d of the InP layer 23, and the insulating film 37 functions as a passivation film.
- the insulating film 37 has an opening 37 a, and the opening 37 a provides a path for the anode electrode 33 to contact the InP layer 23. According to the light receiving element 11, dark current due to the material of the window layer 23 can be reduced, and surface leakage current can also be reduced.
- the edge 37b of the opening 37a of the insulating film 37 is located inside a columnar virtual drawing that passes through the boundary of the first area 13c and extends in the direction of the normal axis Ax.
- the X coordinate of the edge 33a of the anode electrode 33 can be between the X coordinate of the edge 37b of the opening 37a of the insulating film 37 and the X coordinate of the pn junctions 29b and 29c, respectively.
- the Y coordinate of the edge 33a of the anode electrode 33 can be between the Y coordinate of the edge 37b of the opening 37a of the insulating film 37 and the Y coordinate of the pn junctions 29b and 29c, respectively.
- step S101 the substrate 41 is placed in the growth furnace 10a.
- the substrate 41 can be, for example, an InP substrate.
- step S102 a semiconductor stacked layer Epi for the III-V compound semiconductor light receiving element is grown using the growth furnace 10a. Subsequent crystal growth is performed, for example, by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy.
- Gallium (Ga) source Indium (In) source, Arsenic (As) source, Phosphorus (P) source and Antimony (Sb source, TEGa, TMIn, TBAs, TBP, TMSb, respectively) for metal organic chemical vapor deposition Can be used.
- Ga Gallium
- Indium (In) source Arsenic (As) source
- Phosphorus (P) source Phosphorus (P) source
- Sb source TEGa, TMIn, TBAs, TBP, TMSb, respectively
- TeESi is used for n-type doping.
- the first raw material is supplied to the growth reactor 10a, and the first InGaAs layer 43 is grown on the main surface 41a of the substrate 41.
- the first raw material G1 includes a gallium raw material, an indium raw material, and an arsenic raw material, and can include TeESi as an n-type dopant.
- the second raw material G2 is supplied to the growth furnace 10a, and the light receiving layer 45 is grown on the main surface 41a of the substrate 41.
- the light receiving layer 45 includes a group III-V compound semiconductor layer containing at least antimony as a group V element.
- the band gap of the III-V compound semiconductor layer is smaller than the band gap of InP grown as a window layer in a later process.
- the second raw material G2 includes, for example, a gallium raw material, an arsenic raw material, and an antimony raw material, and, for example, a single GaAsSb layer is grown on the main surface of the first InGaAs layer 43.
- the GaAsSb layer is undoped, for example, and the majority carriers in this layer are electrons.
- the light receiving layer 45 may have at least one of a single or multiple quantum well structure including an InGaAs layer and a GaAsSb layer, and a single or multiple quantum well structure including a GaInNAs layer and a GaAsSb layer. With this structure, a light receiving layer having a desired wavelength sensitivity can be formed.
- the Sb-containing III-V compound semiconductor layer may include a GaAsSb layer.
- the light-receiving layer 45 may have, for example, a type II type quantum well structure.
- X Ga 1-X As (0.38 ⁇ X ⁇ 0.68) and GaAs 1-Y Sb Y (0. 36 ⁇ Y ⁇ 0.62), or Ga 1-U In U N V As 1-V (0.4 ⁇ U ⁇ 0.8, 0 ⁇ V ⁇ 0.2) and GaAs 1-Z Sb
- Z (0.36 ⁇ Z ⁇ 0.62) is exemplified.
- a process for interrupting the growth can be provided while supplying the arsenic raw material to the growth reactor, for example.
- step S102-3 after the supply of the antimony material to the growth furnace 10a is stopped, as shown in FIG. 3A, the third material G3 is supplied to the growth furnace 10a to form the second InGaAs layer. 47 is grown on the light-receiving layer 45.
- the third raw material G3 includes a gallium raw material, an indium raw material, and an arsenic raw material.
- the InGaAs layer 47 is undoped, for example, and majority carriers in this layer are electrons.
- step S102-4 as shown in FIG. 3B, the antimony raw material is not supplied to the growth furnace 10a.
- the fourth raw material G4 is supplied to the growth furnace 10a, and the n-type conductive InP layer 49 is grown on the light receiving layer 45 and the second InGaAs layer 47.
- the fourth source gas G4 includes, for example, an n-type dopant, an indium source, and a phosphorus source.
- the InP layer 49 includes antimony as an impurity and an n-type dopant (for example, silicon).
- the majority carriers in the InP layer 49 are electrons, and the electron concentration in the InP layer 49 is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the epitaxial substrate E is produced by these steps. After the InP layer 49 is formed on the substrate 41, the epitaxial substrate E is taken out from the growth furnace 10a in step S103.
- an anode region 51 made of a p-type semiconductor is formed on the epitaxial substrate E.
- the anode region 51 is formed by introducing a p-type dopant.
- the introduction of the p-type dopant uses, for example, thermal diffusion.
- an insulating film 53 is formed on the epitaxial substrate E.
- the insulating film 53 has an opening 53a aligned with the position of the anode region 51.
- a p-type dopant is introduced from the surface 49a of the InP layer 49 in a zinc atmosphere using the heat treatment apparatus 10b, and the light receiving layer 45 is introduced. A reaching anode region 51 is formed.
- the thickness of the InGaAs layer 47 can be determined so as to adjust the position of the anode region 51 with respect to the light receiving layer 45.
- an electrode is formed on the substrate product P.
- the anode electrode 55 that contacts the anode region 51 is formed, and the cathode electrode 57 that contacts the back surface of the substrate 41 is formed.
- antimony is not supplied to the growth reactor 10a when the InP layer 49 is grown on the light receiving layer 45, but is supplied when the Sb-containing III-V compound semiconductor layer of the light receiving layer 45 is grown.
- Antimony is mixed into the InP layer 49 as an impurity due to the antimony remaining in the growth furnace 10a (that is, the memory effect).
- the antimony impurity in the InP layer 49 generates holes.
- the generated carriers are compensated by the n-type added dopant in the InP layer 49, and the majority carriers in the InP layer 49 are converted to electrons. Since the electron concentration is 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more, the InP layer 49 exhibits sufficient n conductivity.
- the electron concentration in the InP layer 49 can be 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less. At this time, appropriate electrical characteristics can be imparted to the anode region 51 without increasing the amount of p-type dopant for forming the anode region 51.
- the antimony concentration in the InP layer 49 is 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more, and the antimony concentration is 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the mixed antimony concentration in the InP layer 49 is in the above range, and a part of the antimony impurity in this concentration range acts to provide holes.
- the InGaAs layer 47 contains antimony as an impurity, and the antimony concentration of the InGaAs layer 47 is lower than the antimony concentration of the InP layer 49.
- the InGaAs layer 47 also contains antimony as an impurity, the antimony concentration of the InP layer 49 is higher than the antimony concentration of the InGaAs layer 47. Therefore, the InGaAs layer 47 can be undoped, and if necessary, a slight n-type dopant can be added.
- the growth from the light receiving layer 45 to the InP layer 49 is performed by a metal organic chemical vapor deposition method. According to this method, although the light-receiving layer 45 and the InP layer 49 having good characteristics can be grown, the memory effect of antimony cannot be avoided in the growth of InP. However, the inventors have been able to avoid the problem of p-type conversion due to the antimony memory effect by adding an n-type dopant to InP.
- FIG. 5 shows the structures of two types of epitaxial substrates.
- FIG. 5A uses a multiple quantum well structure including an InGaAs layer and a GaAsSb layer as a light receiving layer.
- FIG. 5B uses a GaAsSb layer as the light receiving layer.
- FIG. 6 shows Sb concentrations measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry for the second InGaAs layer and the InP window layer of the two types of epitaxial substrates shown in FIG. Referring to FIGS. 5A and 6, in the structure A, the InP window layer contains about 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 of antimony.
- the antimony amount of the second InGaAs layer between the GaAsSb light receiving layer and the InP window layer is less than 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 below the detection limit of secondary ion mass spectrometry.
- the hole concentration was 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the InP window layer contains about 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 of antimony.
- the antimony amount of the second InGaAs layer between the GaAsSb light receiving layer and the InP window layer is less than 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 below the detection limit of secondary ion mass spectrometry.
- the hole concentration was 2 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the antimony profile Sb once decreases in the second InGaAs layer, but when the InP layer is grown after the growth of the InGaAs layer, the antimony profile Sb increases again in the InP layer.
- Example 1 A photodiode having the structure shown in FIG. 7 was produced.
- An n-type InP substrate was prepared.
- TMIn trimethylindium
- TBP tertiary butylphosphine
- the thickness of the buffer layer is 10 nm, for example, and TeESi was used for n-type doping of the buffer layer.
- TMIn trimethylindium
- TEGa triethylgallium
- TBA tertiary butylarsine
- the thickness of the InGaAs layer and the GaAsSb layer forming the unit quantum well structure was 5 nm, and 50 pairs (the number of repeating unit quantum wells) were grown. TMSb was used as the Sb raw material.
- an InGaAs layer having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m was grown at 500 degrees Celsius on the light receiving layer as a diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer when Zn diffusion was introduced.
- an n-type InP window layer having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m was grown at 500 degrees Celsius. Silicon was added to the n-type InP window layer, and photodiodes A2 to A7 (referred to as Examples A1 to A7) having different silicon concentrations were produced as shown in FIG.
- a photodiode A1 in which an InP window layer including silicon and not intentionally added with a dopant was grown was also produced.
- the silicon concentration was measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry, and the carrier type and electron or hole concentration were measured by CV measurement.
- the silicon concentration is 5 ⁇ 10 15 (cm ⁇ 3 ) to 5 ⁇ 10 19 (cm ⁇ 3 ), and in Example A1, the silicon concentration is below the detection limit of secondary ion mass spectrometry. Of less than 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the carrier type of Examples A1 and A2 was p-type, and the hole concentration was 1 ⁇ 10 16 (cm ⁇ 3 ) for A1 and 5 ⁇ 10 15 (cm ⁇ 3 ) for A2.
- the carrier type of Examples A3 to A7 is n-type, and the electron concentration is 5 ⁇ 10 15 (cm ⁇ 3 ) for A3, 1 ⁇ 10 16 (cm ⁇ 3 ) for A4, and 1 ⁇ 10 17 (A5).
- A6 was 1 ⁇ 10 19 (cm ⁇ 3 )
- A7 was 5 ⁇ 10 19 (cm ⁇ 3 ).
- a (GaInNAs / GaAsSb) multiple quantum well structure light-receiving layer was formed instead of the (InGaAs / GaAsSb) light-receiving layer.
- the thickness of the GaInNAs layer or GaAsSb layer forming the unit quantum well structure was 5 nm, and 50 pairs (the number of repetitions of the unit quantum well) were grown. TMSb was used as the Sb raw material.
- the reverse current-voltage characteristics of the fabricated photodiode at room temperature were examined.
- the light receiving diameter of this photodiode is 100 micrometers.
- the leakage current at room temperature of the photodiodes of Examples A1 and A2 was 20 microamperes at an applied voltage of minus 5 volts.
- the leakage current at room temperature of the photodiode of Example A3 was 10 microamperes at an applied voltage of minus 5 volts.
- the leakage current at room temperature of the photodiodes of Examples A4 to A6 was 2 microamperes at an applied voltage of minus 5 volts.
- the leakage current at room temperature of the photodiode of Example A7 was 200 microamperes at an applied voltage of minus 5 volts.
- the dark current can be reduced by about one digit.
- Non-patent document 2 a strain compensation structure is required to further increase the cut-off wavelength, and a cut-off using an InGaAs-GaAsSb strain-compensated quantum well structure. Proposals of photodiodes having a wavelength (2 micrometers ( ⁇ m) to 5 micrometers ( ⁇ m)) have been made.
- Non-Patent Document 2 an electrode and a passivation film are formed on InGaAs, and a relatively large dark current is expected to be generated.
- a technique for forming a passivation film on the crystal surface of InGaAs is under development and has not yet reached a point where dark current is reduced.
- the second embodiment provides a light receiving element and an epitaxial wafer made of a III-V group semiconductor and having reduced dark current.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a configuration of the light receiving element 1_1 according to the second embodiment.
- the light receiving element 1_1 includes a substrate 1_3, a semiconductor layer 1_5, a light receiving layer 1_7, a diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9, a window layer 1_11, an insulating film 1_13, a p-type electrode 1_15, and an n-type electrode 1_17.
- the semiconductor layer 1_5 is provided on the substrate 1_3 with a buffer layer (not shown) made of n-type InP interposed therebetween, and the buffer layer and the back surface of the semiconductor layer 1_5 are in contact with each other.
- the light receiving layer 7 is provided on the surface of the semiconductor layer 1_5, and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9 is provided on the light receiving layer 1_7.
- the back surface of the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9 is in contact with the light receiving layer 1_7.
- the light receiving layer 1_7 is provided between the semiconductor layer 1_5 and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9 (in other words, the light receiving layer 1_7 is provided between the substrate 1_3 and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9).
- the light receiving layer 1_7 has a multiple quantum well structure in which a plurality of quantum well layers and a plurality of barrier layers are alternately stacked.
- the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9 is provided between the light receiving layer 1_7 and the window layer 1_11.
- the window layer 1_11 is provided on the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9, and the front surface of the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9 and the back surface of the window layer 1_11 are in contact with each other.
- An insulating film 1_13 is provided on the surface of the window layer 1_11, and the insulating film 1_13 has an opening.
- a p-type electrode 1_15 is provided on the surface of the window layer 1_11 and is in contact with the surface of the window layer 1_11.
- the semiconductor region composed of the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9 and the window layer 1_11 is composed of the second region 1_19 and the first region 1_21.
- the first region 1_21 has a surface in contact with the second region 1_19.
- the first region 1_21 is an impurity diffusion region 1_25, and the impurity diffusion region 1_25 contains (doped) a predetermined impurity element (Zn in this embodiment).
- the p-type electrode 1_15 is disposed in the opening of the insulating film 1_13.
- the connection between the p-type electrode 1_15 and the window layer 1_11 is an ohmic connection.
- the n-type electrode 1_17 is provided on the back surface of the substrate 1_3 and is in contact with the back surface.
- the connection between the n-type electrode 1_17 and the substrate 1_3 is an ohmic connection.
- the substrate 1_3 is made of InP which is a III-V group semiconductor.
- the substrate 1_3 is S-doped and has an n-type conductivity type.
- the buffer layer (not shown) on the substrate 1_3 is made of n-type InP and has a thickness of about 10 nm.
- the semiconductor layer 1_5 is made of n-type InGaAs and has a thickness of about 150 nm.
- the light receiving layer 1_7 has a type II multiple quantum well structure in which a plurality of InGaAs layers and a plurality of GaAsSb layers included in the light receiving layer 1_7 are alternately stacked.
- the light receiving layer 1_7 includes, for example, 50 pairs (pairs) of InGaAs layers and GaAsSb layers.
- the thickness of the InGaAs layer is about 5 nm, and the thickness of the GaAsSb layer is also about 5 nm.
- Specific compositions of the InGaAs layer and the GaAsSb layer of the light receiving layer 1_7 are In x Ga 1-x As (0.38 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.68) and GaAs 1-y Sb y (0.36 ⁇ y ⁇ ). 0.62).
- the light-receiving layer 1_7 includes Ga 1-t In t N u As 1-u (0.4 ⁇ t ⁇ 0.8, 0 ⁇ u ⁇ 0.2) and GaAs 1-v Sb v (0.36 ⁇
- the structure may include 50 sets of v ⁇ 0.62).
- the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9 is made of InGaAs, which is a III-V group semiconductor, and has a thickness of about 1.0 ⁇ m.
- the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9 is not doped.
- the window layer 1_11 is made of InP, which is a group III-V semiconductor, and has a thickness of about 0.8 ⁇ m.
- the window layer 1_11 has a larger band gap energy than the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9.
- the window layer 1_11 is doped with Si that is an n-type dopant. Note that the portion included in the first region 1_21 of the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9 and the portion included in the first region 1_21 of the window layer 1_11 are both p-type, and the portion of the window layer 1_11 Of these, the second region 1_19 is n-type. As described above, the second region 1_19 has a conductivity type different from that of the first region 1_21.
- the window layer 1_11 from the joint surface between the window layer 1_11 and the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9 (the back surface of the window layer 1_11 or the surface of the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9, and the interface between the window layer 1_11 and the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9).
- the n-type carrier concentration or donor (Si) concentration in the predetermined region 1_26 extending inward is in the range of 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the region 1_26 illustrated in FIG. 9 extends only in the window layer 1_11, the region 1_26 may extend not only in the window layer 1_11 but also in the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9.
- the thickness L of this region 1_26 (the width of the region 1_26 in the direction from the bonding surface between the window layer 1_11 and the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9 to the inside of the window layer 1_11 or the inside of the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9) is 0.02 to It is about 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the thickness L of the region 1_26 is less than 0.02 ⁇ m, generation of Hall defects and carrier depletion due to band discontinuity cannot be compensated, and dark current cannot be reduced.
- the thickness L of the region 1_26 exceeds 0.2 ⁇ m, the dark current increases due to excessive n-type carriers.
- TEGa, TMIn, TBAs, TBP, and TMSb are used as raw materials for Ga, In, As, P, and Sb, respectively.
- TeESi is used for n-type doping.
- the epitaxial wafer 1_27 shown in FIG. 11 is manufactured by the MOVPE method.
- An S-doped substrate 1_3b is prepared.
- a buffer layer (not shown) made of n-type doped InP is grown to 10 nm on the S-doped substrate 1_3b, and a semiconductor layer 1_5b made of n-type doped InGaAs is grown to 0.15 micron on the buffer layer.
- a light-receiving layer 1_7b composed of an InGaAs-GaAsSb type II multiple quantum well structure is grown on the semiconductor layer 1_5b.
- this multiple quantum well structure an undoped InGaAs layer 5 nm and an undoped GaAsSb layer 5 nm are alternately stacked from the substrate side, and 50 pairs of this two-layer structure are repeated.
- the crystal growth temperature of all the layers up to the formation of the light receiving layer is set to 500 degrees Celsius.
- TEGa, TBAs and TMSb are applied to GaAsSb
- TEGa, TMIn and TBAs are applied to InGaAs
- TMIn and TBP are applied to InP, Each is used as a source gas.
- a diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9b made of InGaAs is grown on the light receiving layer 1_7b at a temperature of 500 degrees Celsius, and a window layer 1_11 made of InP is grown on the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9b. To do.
- the supply amount of TeESi is adjusted so as to be the n-type carrier concentration in any of Examples A8 to A11 described later. .
- light receiving element 1_1 is manufactured using this epitaxial wafer 1_27.
- a p-type region (corresponding to the impurity diffusion region 1_25 of the light-receiving element 1_1) extending from the front surface of the window layer 1_11b to the back surface side of the light-receiving layer 1_7b is selectively diffused from the opening of the selective diffusion mask pattern of the SiN film.
- a p-type electrode 1_15 made of AuZn is provided on the surface of the window layer 1_11b belonging to the p-type region, and an n-type electrode 1_17 made of AuGeNi is provided on the back surface of the substrate 1_3b so as to make ohmic contact.
- An antireflection film of a SiON film is further provided on the back surface side of the substrate 1_3b, and reflection on the back surface side (substrate 1_3b side) of the epitaxial wafer 1_27 when the front surface side (window layer 1_11b side) of the epitaxial wafer 1_27 is the incident surface. Prevent crosstalk and the like.
- the light receiving element 1_1 is manufactured using the epitaxial wafer 1_27.
- the n-type electrode 1_17 has a ring shape or a frame shape, and an antireflection film of a SiON film is provided at the center portion to measure the light to be measured. Increase the entrance efficiency.
- the substrate 1_3 of the light receiving element 1_1 is a part of the substrate 1_3b of the epitaxial wafer 1_27
- the semiconductor layer 1_5 of the light receiving element 1_1 is a part of the semiconductor layer 1_5b of the epitaxial wafer 1_27
- the light receiving layer 1_7 of the light receiving element 1_1 is
- the light receiving layer 1_7b of the epitaxial wafer 1_27 is a part
- the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9 of the light receiving element 1_1 is a part of the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9b of the epitaxial wafer 1_27
- the window layer 1_11 of the light receiving element 1_1 is the epitaxial wafer. It is a part of 1_27 window layer 1_11b.
- the light receiving element 1_1a includes a substrate 1_3a, a semiconductor layer 1_5a, a light receiving layer 1_7a, a diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9a, a window layer 1_11a, a p-type electrode 1_15a, an n-type electrode 1_17a, and an impurity diffusion region 1_25a.
- FIG. 12 shows the maximum value of the n-type carrier concentration in the window layer 1_11 or the window layer 1_11a, the region 1_26 or the region 1_26a (in the window layer 1_11 and the diffusion from the bonding surface between the window layer 1_11 and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9).
- Each region extending 0.1 ⁇ m in the concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9, or 0.1 ⁇ m in each of the window layer 1_11a and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9a from the joint surface between the window layer 1_11a and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9a.
- the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment layer 1_9a and the window layer 1_11a is a value in a region excluding the impurity diffusion region 1_25a.
- FIG. 13 shows the maximum value of the donor concentration in the window layer 1_11 or the window layer 1_11a, the region 1_26 or the region 1_26a (from the bonding surface between the window layer 1_11 and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9 to the window layer 1_11 and the diffusion concentration distribution adjustment).
- the layer 1_9 both extend by 0.1 ⁇ m, or from the joint surface between the window layer 1_11a and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9a, both extend in the window layer 1_11a and the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9a by 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the value is in the range of 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 and is relatively higher than the n-type carrier concentration in the vicinity of the bonding surface (near the region 1_26).
- the maximum value of the donor concentration (donor concentration in the region 1_26) at the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9 and the window layer 1_11 is also 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less. The donor concentration in the vicinity of the junction surface (in the vicinity of the region 1_26) is relatively higher.
- the maximum value of the n-type carrier concentration at the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9a and the window layer 1_11a is within the junction surface. Is equal to or less than the n-type carrier concentration in the vicinity of (region 1_26a), and the donor concentration (donor concentration in region 1_26a) at the junction surface between diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9a and window layer 1_11a is also The donor concentration in the vicinity of the junction surface (in the vicinity of the region 1_26a) is equal to or lower than that.
- the maximum value of the n-type carrier concentration is 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm at the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9a and the window layer 1_11a (in the region 1_26a).
- ⁇ 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 and the donor concentration (donor concentration in the region 1_26a) at the junction surface between the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9a and the window layer 1_11a is also 5 ⁇ 10. It is outside the range of 15 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 1 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the diffusion concentration distribution adjusting layer 1_9 and the window layer 1_11 Since the n-type carrier concentration and the donor concentration (Si) are relatively high (5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or more) at the junction surface (in the region 1_26), p-type conversion as in the case of the light receiving element 1_1a is suppressed. Thus, the dark current is reduced. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10B, in the case of the light receiving element 1_1 according to the second embodiment, a pnp junction is formed at the interface between the two adjacent light receiving elements 1, so Generation of leakage current is reduced on the light receiving element 1_1 side (lateral direction).
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施の形態に係るIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子を示す図面である。III-V族化合物半導体受光素子は例えばフォトダイオードである。図1を参照すると、直交座標系Sが示されている。
図7に示される構造のフォトダイオードを作製した。n型InP基板を準備した。このInP基板上に、TMIn(トリメチルインジウム)およびTBP(ターシャリーブチルホスフィン)を成長炉に供給して、n型InPバッファ層を摂氏500度の基板温度で成長した。バッファ層の厚みは例えば10nmであり、バッファ層のn型ドーピングには、TeESiを用いた。次に、n型InPバッファ層の上に、TMIn(トリメチルインジウム)およびTEGa(トリエチルガリウム)、TBA(ターシャリーブチルアルシン)を成長炉に供給してn型InGaAs層を摂氏500度で成長した。InGaAs層の厚みは例えば150nmであった。多重量子井戸構造の受光層を作製した。この実施例1では、(InGaAs/GaAsSb)の多重量子井戸構造の受光層を形成した。単位量子井戸構造を形成するInGaAs層、GaAsSb層の厚みは5nmであり、50ペア数(単位量子井戸の繰り返し数)を成長した。Sb原料にはTMSbを用いた。次に、受光層の上に、Zn拡散導入の際の拡散濃度分布調整層として、厚み1μmのInGaAs層を摂氏500度で成長した。最後に、厚み1μmのn型InP窓層を摂氏500度で成長した。n型InP窓層にはシリコンが添加されており、図8に示すように、シリコン濃度の異なるフォトダイオードA2~A7(実施例A1~A7という)をそれぞれ作製した。また、シリコンが添加されたn型InP窓層に替えて、シリコンを含め意図的にドーパントを添加していないInP窓層を成長したフォトダイオードA1も作製した。この実施例A1~A7について二次イオン質量分析法によってシリコンの濃度を、CV測定によってキャリアタイプと電子又は正孔濃度を測定した。実施例A2~A7では、シリコンの濃度は5×1015(cm-3)から5×1019(cm-3)であり、実施例A1ではシリコン濃度は二次イオン質量分析法の検出限界以下の1×1015cm-3未満であった。実施例A1、A2のキャリアタイプはp型であり、正孔濃度はA1では1×1016(cm-3)、A2では5×1015(cm-3)であった。一方、実施例A3~A7のキャリアタイプはn型であり、電子濃度はA3では5×1015(cm-3)、A4では1×1016(cm-3)、A5では1×1017(cm-3)、A6では1×1019(cm-3)、A7では5×1019(cm-3)であった。
近時では、InP基板を用いたIII-V系化合物半導体については、バンドギャップエネルギーが近赤外領域に対応することから、多数の研究開発が行われている。非特許文献(R.Sidhu, “Long-wavelength Photodiode onInP Using Lattice-Matched GaInAs-GaAsSb Type-II Quantum Wells”, IEEE PhotonicsTechnology Letters, Vol.17, No.12(2005), pp.2715-2717)には、InGaAs-GaAsSbのタイプIIの量子井戸構造の受光層がInP基板上に形成され、p型またはn型のエピタキシャル層によるpn接合が形成された2.39マイクロメートルのカットオフ波長のフォトダイオードについて報告されている。この非特許文献(非特許文献2という)には、更に、カットオフ波長を更に長波長化するには歪補償構造が必要であるとして、InGaAs-GaAsSbの歪補償量子井戸構造を用いたカットオフ波長(2マイクロメートル(μm)~5マイクロメートル(μm))のフォトダイオードの提案がなされている。しかし、上記の非特許文献2の場合、InGaAsに電極及びパッシベーション膜を形成することとなり、比較的大きな暗電流の発生が予想される。特に、InGaAsの結晶表面にパッシベーション膜を形成する技術については開発の途上にあり、暗電流を低減させるところまでには至っていない。本第2の実施形態では、III-V族半導体から成り暗電流の低減された受光素子及びエピタキシャルウェハを提供する。
Claims (40)
- III-V族化合物半導体受光素子であって、
主面を有する半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板の前記主面上に設けられた受光層と、
前記受光層上に設けられ、第1及び第2の部分を有するInP層と、
前記InP層の前記第1の部分の表面から前記受光層の方向に伸びるp型半導体からなるアノード領域と
を備え、
前記受光層のバンドギャップはInPのバンドギャップより小さく、
前記InP層にはn型ドーパントが添加されており、
前記InP層の前記第2の部分における多数キャリアは電子であり、
前記InP層の前記第2の部分における電子濃度は1×1016cm-3以上である、
ことを特徴とするIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。 - 前記InP層の前記第2の部分における電子濃度は1×1019cm-3以下である、
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載されたIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。 - III-V族化合物半導体受光素子であって、
主面を有する半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板の前記主面上に設けられた受光層と、
前記受光層上に設けられたInP層と、
を備え、
前記受光層のバンドギャップはInPのバンドギャップより小さく、
前記InP層にはドナーが添加されており、
前記InP層のドナー密度は1×1016cm-3以上である、ことを特徴とするIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。 - 前記InP層におけるドナー密度は1×1019cm-3以下である、ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載されたIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。
- 前記InP層におけるドナーがシリコンである、ことを特徴とする請求項3または4記載のIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。
- 前記受光層はV族元素として少なくともアンチモンを含むIII-V族化合物半導体層を有していることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項5のいずれか一項に記載されたIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。
- 前記InP層は不純物としてアンチモンを含んでいることを特徴とする請求項1~請求項6のいずれか一項に記載されたIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。
- 前記InP層におけるアンチモン濃度は1×1017cm-3以上であり、
前記InP層におけるアンチモン濃度は1×1019cm-3以下である、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項7のいずれか一項に記載されたIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。 - 前記受光層と前記InP層との間に設けられたアンドープのInGaAs層を更に備え、
前記InP層の前記アンチモン濃度は前記InGaAs層のアンチモン濃度より高い、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項8のいずれか一項に記載されたIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。 - 前記InP層の前記第2の部分の表面を覆う絶縁体からなるパッシベーション膜を更に備える、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項9のいずれか一項に記載されたIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。
- 前記受光層は、InGaAs層及びGaAsSb層を含む多重量子井戸構造、及びGaInNAs層及びGaAsSb層を含む多重量子井戸構造の少なくともいずれかを有し、
前記受光層はGaAsSb層を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項10のいずれか一項に記載されたIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。 - 前記半導体基板は導電性InPからなり、
当該III-V族化合物半導体受光素子は前記半導体基板の裏面に設けられたカソード電極を更に備える、ことを特徴とする請求項1~請求項11のいずれか一項に記載されたIII-V族化合物半導体受光素子。 - III-V族化合物半導体受光素子を作製する方法であって、
成長炉に基板を配置する工程と、
前記成長炉において、前記III-V族化合物半導体受光素子のための半導体積層を成長してエピタキシャル基板を形成する工程と、
InP層を受光層上に形成した後に、前記成長炉から前記エピタキシャル基板を取り出す工程と、
前記成長炉から前記エピタキシャル基板を取り出した後に、前記InP層の表面からp型ドーパントを導入して、前記受光層の方向に伸びるp型半導体からなるアノード領域を形成する工程と
を備え、
前記半導体積層を成長する前記工程は、
前記受光層を前記基板の主面上に形成する工程と、
n型ドーパント、インジウム原料及びリン原料を含む原料ガスを前記成長炉に供給して、n型導電性の前記InP層を前記受光層上に形成する工程と、
を含み、
前記受光層のバンドギャップはInPのバンドギャップより小さく、
前記InP層における電子濃度は1×1016cm-3以上である、ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記InP層における電子濃度は1×1019cm-3以下である、ことを特徴とする請求項13に記載された方法。
- III-V族化合物半導体受光素子を作製する方法であって、
成長炉に基板を配置する工程と、
前記成長炉において、前記III-V族化合物半導体受光素子のための半導体積層を成長してエピタキシャル基板を形成する工程と、
InP層を受光層上に形成した後に、前記成長炉から前記エピタキシャル基板を取り出す工程と、
前記成長炉から前記エピタキシャル基板を取り出した後に、前記InP層の表面からp型ドーパントを導入して、前記受光層の方向に伸びるp型半導体からなるアノード領域を形成する工程と
を備え、
前記半導体積層を成長する前記工程は、
前記受光層を前記基板の主面上に形成する工程と、
n型ドーパント、インジウム原料及びリン原料を含む原料ガスを前記成長炉に供給して、n型導電性の前記InP層を前記受光層上に形成する工程と、
を含み、
前記受光層のバンドギャップはInPのバンドギャップより小さく、
前記InP層におけるドナー密度は1×1016cm-3以上である、ことを特徴とする方法。 - 前記InP層におけるドナー密度は1×1019cm-3以下である、ことを特徴とする請求項15に記載された方法。
- 前記InP層におけるドナーがシリコンである、ことを特徴とする請求項15又は請求項16に記載された方法。
- アンチモン原料及びV族原料を含む原料ガスを前記成長炉に供給する工程を備え、
前記受光層は、V族元素として少なくともアンチモンを含むIII-V族化合物半導体層を有する、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項17のいずれか一項に記載された方法。 - 前記InP層は不純物としてアンチモンを含んでいる、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項18のいずれか一項に記載された方法。
- 前記InP層におけるアンチモン濃度は1×1017cm-3以上であり、
前記InP層におけるアンチモン濃度は1×1019cm-3以下である、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項19のいずれか一項に記載された方法。 - 前記InP層を成長する前に、III族原料及びV族原料を含む原料ガスを前記成長炉に供給してInGaAs層を前記受光層上に成長する工程を更に備え、
前記InGaAs層のアンチモン濃度は前記InP層の前記アンチモン濃度より低い、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項20のいずれか一項に記載された方法。 - 前記受光層は、InGaAs層及びGaAsSb層を含む多重量子井戸構造、及びGaInNAs層及びGaAsSb層を含む多重量子井戸構造の少なくともいずれかを有し、
前記受光層は、GaAsSb層を含む、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項21のいずれか一項に記載された方法。 - 前記受光層及び前記InP層の成長は、有機金属気相成長法で行われる、ことを特徴とする請求項13~請求項22のいずれか一項に記載された方法。
- III-V族半導体からなる基板と、
前記基板上に設けられた受光層と、
前記受光層に接して設けられ、III-V族半導体からなる拡散濃度分布調整層と、
前記拡散濃度分布調整層に接して設けられ、前記拡散濃度分布調整層よりも大きいバンドギャップエネルギーを有し、III-V族半導体からなる窓層と、
を備え、
前記受光層は、前記基板と前記拡散濃度分布調整層との間に設けられ、
前記拡散濃度分布調整層は、前記受光層と前記窓層との間に設けられ、
前記窓層及び前記拡散濃度分布調整層からなる半導体領域は、前記受光層との接合面に沿って順に配置された第1と第2の領域からなり、
前記第1の領域は、所定の不純物元素を含み前記第2の領域に接しており、
前記第1の領域の導電型はp型であり、
前記窓層と前記拡散濃度分布調整層との接合面から前記第2の領域において前記窓層内または前記拡散濃度分布調整層内に延びる所定領域内のn型のキャリア濃度の最大値は、5×1015cm-3以上1×1019cm-3以下の範囲内にある、ことを特徴とする受光素子。 - 前記所定領域内のn型のキャリア濃度の最大値は、前記窓層内又は前記拡散濃度分布調整層内にあって前記所定領域に接する他の領域内のn型のキャリア濃度の最大値よりも大きい、ことを特徴とする請求項24に記載の受光素子。
- III-V族半導体からなる基板と、
前記基板上に設けられた受光層と、
前記受光層に接して設けられ、III-V族半導体からなる拡散濃度分布調整層と、
前記拡散濃度分布調整層に接して設けられ、前記拡散濃度分布調整層よりも大きいバンドギャップエネルギーを有し、III-V族半導体からなる窓層と、
を備え、
前記受光層は、前記基板と前記拡散濃度分布調整層との間に設けられ、
前記拡散濃度分布調整層は、前記受光層と前記窓層との間に設けられ、
前記窓層及び前記拡散濃度分布調整層からなる半導体領域は、前記受光層との接合面に沿って順に配置された第1と第2の領域からなり、
前記第1の領域は、所定の不純物元素を含み前記第2の領域に接しており、
前記第1の領域の導電型はp型であり、
前記窓層と前記拡散濃度分布調整層との接合面から前記窓層内または前記拡散濃度分布調整層内に延びる所定領域内のドナーの濃度は、5×1015cm-3以上1×1019cm-3以下の範囲内にある、ことを特徴とする受光素子。 - 前記所定領域内のドナーの濃度の最大値は、前記窓層内又は前記拡散濃度分布調整層内にあって前記所定領域に接する他の領域内のドナーの濃度の最大値よりも大きい、ことを特徴とする請求項26に記載の受光素子。
- 前記所定領域の厚みは0.02μm以上0.2μm以下である、ことを特徴とする請求項24~請求項27のうち何れか一項に記載の受光素子。
- 前記ドナーはSiである、ことを特徴とする請求項26~請求項28に記載の受光素子。
- 前記不純物元素はZnである、ことを特徴とする請求項24~請求項29のうち何れか一項に記載の受光素子。
- 前記拡散濃度分布調整層はInGaAsからなる、ことを特徴とする請求項24~請求項30のうち何れか一項に記載の受光素子。
- 前記窓層はInPからなる、ことを特徴とする請求項24~請求項31のうち何れか一項に記載の受光素子。
- 前記受光層はタイプIIの多重量子井戸構造である、ことを特徴とする請求項24~請求項32のうち何れか一項に記載の受光素子。
- 前記多重量子井戸構造は、InxGa1-xAs(0.38≦x≦0.68)とGaAs1-ySby(0.36≦y≦0.62)とのペア、又は、Ga1-tIntNuAs1-u(0.4≦t≦0.8,0<u≦0.2)とGaAs1-vSbv(0.36≦v≦0.62)とのペアから成る、ことを特徴とする請求項33に記載の受光素子。
- III-V族半導体からなる基板と、
前記基板上に設けられた受光層と、
前記受光層に接して設けられ、III-V族半導体からなる拡散濃度分布調整層と、
前記拡散濃度分布調整層に接して設けられ、前記拡散濃度分布調整層よりも大きいバンドギャップエネルギーを有し、III-V族半導体からなる窓層と、
を備え、
前記受光層は、前記基板と前記拡散濃度分布調整層との間に設けられ、
前記拡散濃度分布調整層は、前記受光層と前記窓層との間に設けられ、
前記窓層と前記拡散濃度分布調整層との接合面から該窓層内または前記拡散濃度分布調整層内に延びる所定領域内のn型のキャリア濃度の最大値は、5×1015cm-3以上1×1019cm-3以下の範囲内にある、ことを特徴とするエピタキシャルウェハ。 - 前記窓層の前記所定領域内のn型のキャリア濃度の最大値は、前記窓層内又は前記拡散濃度分布調整層内にあって前記所定領域に接する他の領域内のn型のキャリア濃度の最大値よりも大きい、ことを特徴とする請求項35に記載のエピタキシャルウェハ。
- III-V族半導体からなる基板と、
前記基板上に設けられた受光層と、
前記受光層に接して設けられ、III-V族半導体からなる拡散濃度分布調整層と、
前記拡散濃度分布調整層に接して設けられ、前記拡散濃度分布調整層よりも大きいバンドギャップエネルギーを有し、III-V族半導体からなる窓層と、
を備え、
前記受光層は、前記基板と前記拡散濃度分布調整層との間に設けられ、
前記拡散濃度分布調整層は、前記受光層と前記窓層との間に設けられ、
前記窓層と前記拡散濃度分布調整層との接合面から該窓層内または前記拡散濃度分布調整層内に延びる所定領域内のドナーの濃度の最大値は、5×1015cm-3以上1×1019cm-3以下の範囲内にある、ことを特徴とするエピタキシャルウェハ。 - 前記窓層の前記所定領域内のドナーの濃度の最大値は、前記窓層内又は前記拡散濃度分布調整層内にあって前記所定領域に接する他の領域内のドナーの濃度の最大値よりも大きい、ことを特徴とする請求項37に記載のエピタキシャルウェハ。
- 前記ドナーはSiである、ことを特徴とする請求項37又は請求項38に記載のエピタキシャルウェハ。
- 前記所定領域の厚みは0.02μm以上0.2μm以下である、ことを特徴とする請求項35~請求項39のうち何れか一項に記載のエピタキシャルウェハ。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020117010094A KR101308761B1 (ko) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-07-21 | Ⅲ-ⅴ족 화합물 반도체 수광 소자, ⅲ-ⅴ족 화합물 반도체 수광 소자를 제작하는 방법, 수광 소자 및 에피택셜 웨이퍼 |
CN201080005491.9A CN102292833B (zh) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-07-21 | Iii-v族化合物半导体受光元件 |
US13/394,650 US8866199B2 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-07-21 | Group III-V compound semiconductor photo detector, method of fabricating group III-V compound semiconductor photo detector, photo detector, and epitaxial wafer |
EP10813575.7A EP2477234B1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-07-21 | Group iii-v compound semiconductor light receiving element, method for manufacturing group iii-v compound semiconductor light receiving element, light receiving element, and epitaxial wafer |
US14/072,636 US9159853B2 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2013-11-05 | Group III-V compound semiconductor photo detector, method of fabricating group III-V compound semiconductor photo detector, photo detector, and epitaxial wafer |
US14/490,128 US20150001466A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2014-09-18 | Group iii-v compound semiconductor photo detector, method of fabricating group iii-v compound semiconductor photo detector, photo detector, and epitaxial wafer |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2009206288A JP4702474B2 (ja) | 2009-09-07 | 2009-09-07 | Iii−v族化合物半導体受光素子、及びiii−v族化合物半導体受光素子を作製する方法 |
JP2009-206288 | 2009-09-07 | ||
JP2009-206310 | 2009-09-07 | ||
JP2009206310A JP5391945B2 (ja) | 2009-09-07 | 2009-09-07 | 受光素子及びエピタキシャルウェハ |
Related Child Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/394,650 A-371-Of-International US8866199B2 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-07-21 | Group III-V compound semiconductor photo detector, method of fabricating group III-V compound semiconductor photo detector, photo detector, and epitaxial wafer |
US14/072,636 Division US9159853B2 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2013-11-05 | Group III-V compound semiconductor photo detector, method of fabricating group III-V compound semiconductor photo detector, photo detector, and epitaxial wafer |
US14/490,128 Division US20150001466A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2014-09-18 | Group iii-v compound semiconductor photo detector, method of fabricating group iii-v compound semiconductor photo detector, photo detector, and epitaxial wafer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011027624A1 true WO2011027624A1 (ja) | 2011-03-10 |
Family
ID=43649172
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2010/062228 WO2011027624A1 (ja) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-07-21 | Iii-v族化合物半導体受光素子、iii-v族化合物半導体受光素子を作製する方法、受光素子、及び、エピタキシャルウェハ |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US8866199B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2477234B1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR101308761B1 (ja) |
CN (2) | CN102292833B (ja) |
TW (1) | TWI552371B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2011027624A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140054545A1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2014-02-27 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Photodetector, epitaxial wafer and method for producing the same |
WO2014175128A1 (ja) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-30 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 半導体素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2014216382A (ja) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-11-17 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | エピタキシャルウエハ、受光素子、光学センサ装置、およびエピタキシャルウエハの製造方法 |
JP2015015306A (ja) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-22 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 半導体素子およびその製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5327892B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-02 | 2013-10-30 | Nttエレクトロニクス株式会社 | アバランシ・フォトダイオード |
EA201201245A1 (ru) * | 2012-09-14 | 2013-07-30 | Ооо "Лед Микросенсор Нт" | Способ изготовления гетероструктур (варианты) для среднего ик-диапазона, гетероструктура (варианты) и светодиод и фотодиод на основе этой гетероструктуры |
JP2014127499A (ja) * | 2012-12-25 | 2014-07-07 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 受光デバイス、その製造法、およびセンシング装置 |
US8963274B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-02-24 | Sensors Unlimited, Inc. | Epitaxial structure for vertically integrated charge transfer gate technology in optoelectronic materials |
CN103337556A (zh) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-10-02 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | 晶格匹配体系上裁剪带隙波长提高光电探测器性能的方法 |
CN105720130B (zh) * | 2015-07-10 | 2018-01-30 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | 基于量子阱带间跃迁的光电探测器 |
GB2606960B (en) | 2017-05-05 | 2023-02-22 | Karsten Mfg Corp | Golf club head with adjustable resting face angle |
JP6881027B2 (ja) * | 2017-05-24 | 2021-06-02 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 半導体受光素子、及び半導体受光素子の製造方法 |
WO2019044686A1 (ja) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-03-07 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 半導体積層体、受光素子および半導体積層体の製造方法 |
WO2020123161A1 (en) | 2018-12-14 | 2020-06-18 | Flir Commercial Systems, Inc. | Superlattice-based detector systems and methods |
TWI772587B (zh) | 2018-12-28 | 2022-08-01 | 晶元光電股份有限公司 | 半導體元件 |
US20210104638A1 (en) | 2019-10-04 | 2021-04-08 | Sensors Unlimited, Inc. | Visible-swir hyper spectral photodetectors with reduced dark current |
CN113363341A (zh) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-07 | 湖南汇思光电科技有限公司 | 一种PIN型InGaAsSb探测器及其制备方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05160426A (ja) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-25 | Nec Corp | 半導体受光素子 |
JPH05206497A (ja) * | 1992-01-24 | 1993-08-13 | Nec Corp | 半導体受光素子 |
JP2002083993A (ja) * | 2000-09-06 | 2002-03-22 | Toshiba Corp | 光半導体受光素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2005260118A (ja) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-22 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 受光素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2006270060A (ja) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-10-05 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 受光素子と受光素子を用いた光通信用受信モジュールおよび受光素子を用いた計測器 |
WO2009014076A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | 受光デバイス |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5680179A (en) | 1979-12-05 | 1981-07-01 | Nec Corp | Planar type hetero-junction light detector |
JPS61172381A (ja) * | 1984-12-22 | 1986-08-04 | Fujitsu Ltd | InP系化合物半導体装置 |
JP2708409B2 (ja) | 1986-06-20 | 1998-02-04 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 半導体受光素子およびその製造方法 |
US5185272A (en) * | 1990-04-16 | 1993-02-09 | Fujitsu Limited | Method of producing semiconductor device having light receiving element with capacitance |
JPH0547692A (ja) | 1991-08-20 | 1993-02-26 | Fujitsu Ltd | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
US6645302B2 (en) * | 2000-04-26 | 2003-11-11 | Showa Denko Kabushiki Kaisha | Vapor phase deposition system |
JP3421306B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-19 | 2003-06-30 | 富士通カンタムデバイス株式会社 | 化合物半導体装置 |
US6831309B2 (en) * | 2002-12-18 | 2004-12-14 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Unipolar photodiode having a schottky junction contact |
JP2005044844A (ja) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-02-17 | Toshiba Corp | 不揮発性半導体記憶装置及びその製造方法 |
US7049640B2 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-05-23 | The Boeing Company | Low capacitance avalanche photodiode |
JP4956944B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-12 | 2012-06-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | アバランシェフォトダイオード |
JP2007324572A (ja) | 2006-05-02 | 2007-12-13 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 受光素子アレイ、その製造方法、および光計測システム |
JP5050925B2 (ja) * | 2008-02-28 | 2012-10-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 半導体受光素子 |
JP4840451B2 (ja) | 2009-01-22 | 2011-12-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 近赤外イメージセンサ |
US7968963B2 (en) * | 2009-04-08 | 2011-06-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Photodiode array and image pickup device using the same |
EP2454760A2 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2012-05-23 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Strain-balanced extended-wavelength barrier photodetector |
-
2010
- 2010-07-21 WO PCT/JP2010/062228 patent/WO2011027624A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-07-21 US US13/394,650 patent/US8866199B2/en active Active
- 2010-07-21 CN CN201080005491.9A patent/CN102292833B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-07-21 KR KR1020117010094A patent/KR101308761B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-07-21 EP EP10813575.7A patent/EP2477234B1/en active Active
- 2010-07-21 CN CN2013102584046A patent/CN103426966A/zh active Pending
- 2010-07-27 TW TW099124772A patent/TWI552371B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2013
- 2013-11-05 US US14/072,636 patent/US9159853B2/en active Active
-
2014
- 2014-09-18 US US14/490,128 patent/US20150001466A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH05160426A (ja) * | 1991-12-06 | 1993-06-25 | Nec Corp | 半導体受光素子 |
JPH05206497A (ja) * | 1992-01-24 | 1993-08-13 | Nec Corp | 半導体受光素子 |
JP2002083993A (ja) * | 2000-09-06 | 2002-03-22 | Toshiba Corp | 光半導体受光素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2005260118A (ja) * | 2004-03-15 | 2005-09-22 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 受光素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2006270060A (ja) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-10-05 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | 受光素子と受光素子を用いた光通信用受信モジュールおよび受光素子を用いた計測器 |
WO2009014076A1 (ja) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | 受光デバイス |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
R. SIDHU: "Long-wavelength Photo detector on InP Using Lattice-Matched GaInAs-GaAsSb Type-11 Quantum Wells", IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 17, no. 12, 2005, pages 2715 - 2717 |
R. SIDHU: "Long-wavelength Photodiode on InP Using Lattice-Matched GaInAs-GaAsSb Type-II Quantum Wells", IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS, vol. 17, no. 12, 2005, pages 2715 - 2717, XP008146947, DOI: doi:10.1109/LPT.2005.859163 |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20140054545A1 (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2014-02-27 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Photodetector, epitaxial wafer and method for producing the same |
WO2014175128A1 (ja) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-10-30 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 半導体素子およびその製造方法 |
JP2014216382A (ja) * | 2013-04-23 | 2014-11-17 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | エピタキシャルウエハ、受光素子、光学センサ装置、およびエピタキシャルウエハの製造方法 |
US9680040B2 (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2017-06-13 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same |
JP2015015306A (ja) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-22 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 半導体素子およびその製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102292833B (zh) | 2015-07-29 |
US9159853B2 (en) | 2015-10-13 |
KR20110081264A (ko) | 2011-07-13 |
KR101308761B1 (ko) | 2013-09-17 |
US20140061588A1 (en) | 2014-03-06 |
TWI552371B (zh) | 2016-10-01 |
US8866199B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 |
EP2477234B1 (en) | 2021-06-23 |
CN103426966A (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
CN102292833A (zh) | 2011-12-21 |
US20150001466A1 (en) | 2015-01-01 |
TW201133908A (en) | 2011-10-01 |
EP2477234A4 (en) | 2018-05-09 |
EP2477234A1 (en) | 2012-07-18 |
US20120168720A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2011027624A1 (ja) | Iii-v族化合物半導体受光素子、iii-v族化合物半導体受光素子を作製する方法、受光素子、及び、エピタキシャルウェハ | |
US8729527B2 (en) | Light-receiving element, light-receiving element array, method for manufacturing light-receiving element and method for manufacturing light-receiving element array | |
US9105804B2 (en) | Method for manufacturing light-receiving device and light-receiving device | |
US9773932B2 (en) | Epitaxial wafer and method for manufacturing same | |
JP5691154B2 (ja) | 受光素子アレイ及びエピタキシャルウェハ | |
US20140054545A1 (en) | Photodetector, epitaxial wafer and method for producing the same | |
US9040955B2 (en) | Semiconductor device, optical sensor device and semiconductor device manufacturing method | |
WO2010073768A1 (ja) | 受光素子、受光素子アレイおよびそれらの製造方法 | |
JP4702474B2 (ja) | Iii−v族化合物半導体受光素子、及びiii−v族化合物半導体受光素子を作製する方法 | |
US20160380137A1 (en) | Light-receiving device | |
JP4941525B2 (ja) | 半導体素子の製造方法 | |
JP5659864B2 (ja) | Iii−v族化合物半導体受光素子 | |
JP5983716B2 (ja) | Iii−v族化合物半導体受光素子 | |
JP5391945B2 (ja) | 受光素子及びエピタキシャルウェハ | |
JP5794288B2 (ja) | 受光素子アレイ及びエピタキシャルウェハ | |
JP5776745B2 (ja) | 受光素子及びエピタキシャルウェハ |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201080005491.9 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 10813575 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20117010094 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 13394650 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2010813575 Country of ref document: EP |