WO2014091742A1 - 鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工方法及び鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工システム - Google Patents
鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工方法及び鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014091742A1 WO2014091742A1 PCT/JP2013/007243 JP2013007243W WO2014091742A1 WO 2014091742 A1 WO2014091742 A1 WO 2014091742A1 JP 2013007243 W JP2013007243 W JP 2013007243W WO 2014091742 A1 WO2014091742 A1 WO 2014091742A1
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- center hole
- forging
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 74
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 53
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100365087 Arabidopsis thaliana SCRA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment on boring machines for positioning or guiding the drill; Devices for indicating failure of drills during boring; Centering devices for holes to be bored
- B23B49/04—Devices for boring or drilling centre holes in workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/06—Making machine elements axles or shafts
- B21K1/08—Making machine elements axles or shafts crankshafts
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M1/00—Testing static or dynamic balance of machines or structures
- G01M1/14—Determining imbalance
- G01M1/16—Determining imbalance by oscillating or rotating the body to be tested
- G01M1/24—Performing balancing on elastic shafts, e.g. for crankshafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2215/00—Details of workpieces
- B23B2215/20—Crankshafts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/03—Processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/05—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with means to weigh or test work or product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a center hole processing method of a forged rotating body and a center hole processing system of the forged rotating body.
- a rotating body that rotates at high speed such as an engine crankshaft
- the position accuracy of the center hole used when processing the rotating body is poor, the rotational unbalance amount of the rotating body increases. Therefore, it is necessary that the position of the center hole is appropriately determined.
- Patent Document 1 discloses the following method as a method for determining the position of the center hole.
- the method of Patent Document 1 first, the three-dimensional shape of the forged rotating body in the material state is measured. A temporary center hole is set based on this measurement value. The virtual shape after processing of the rotating body is calculated by simulating the processing based on the temporary center hole. The amount of rotational imbalance of this virtual shape is calculated. When the calculated rotational imbalance amount is within a correctable range, the temporary center hole is determined as the center hole at the time of actual machining.
- the present invention provides a method for processing a center hole of a forged rotating body and a system for processing a center hole of the forged rotating body that can improve productivity and reduce the weight of the forged rotating body.
- the present invention provides a method of machining a center hole in a forged rotating body manufactured by a forging die, and is forged from after the die displacement adjustment of the forging die to the next die displacement adjustment.
- a lot setting step for setting the plurality of forged rotating bodies in the same forging lot, a plurality of the forged rotating bodies as samples from one forging lot, and measuring the three-dimensional shape of each sample,
- a three-dimensional shape measurement step for obtaining three-dimensional shape measurement data as measurement results, and a temporary center hole position for setting the position of the temporary center hole for each sample based on the three-dimensional shape measurement data.
- the unbalance amount calculating step for calculating the rotational unbalance amount in the final shape after performing a predetermined processing simulation with reference to the temporary center hole, and the rotational unbalance amount of each sample are set in advance.
- An average value calculating step for calculating a value, a center hole position where the average value of the rotational unbalance amount is zero, and the calculated center hole position is set to the forging to which the sample used for the calculation belongs.
- a center hole machining position determining step for determining as a center hole machining position of all the forged rotating bodies included in the lot, and machining a forged rotating body.
- a center hole machining step for machining a center hole at a center hole machining position of the forging rotary body determined for the forging lot to which the forging rotary body belongs.
- a center hole processing method is provided.
- the present invention provides a center hole machining system for forging rotating body that processes a center hole of a forging rotating body manufactured by a forging die, and after a forging die adjustment of the forging die until a next die deviation adjustment.
- Each sample based on the means, the three-dimensional shape measurement data of each sample, and the three-dimensional shape design data of the final shape of the forged rotating body on a preset design. And an unbalance amount calculating means for calculating a rotational unbalance amount in a final shape after a predetermined machining simulation is performed with reference to the temporary center hole, and a rotational unbalance amount for each sample is set in advance.
- An average value calculating means for calculating the center hole position where the average value of the rotational unbalance amount is zero, and the forged lot to which the sample used for the calculation belongs is calculated.
- Center hole processing position determining means for determining as the center hole processing position of all the forging rotary bodies included in the forging rotary body,
- a center hole machining system for machining a center hole at a center hole machining position of the forged rotator determined for the forging lot to which the forged rotator belongs is provided. To do.
- the rotational unbalance amount includes not only the absolute value of the rotational unbalance amount of each sample but also information on the phase of these rotational unbalance amounts. Therefore, the determination of whether or not the rotational unbalance amount is within the allowable range does not simply determine whether or not the absolute value of the rotational unbalance amount of each sample is within the allowable range, but also considers the phase of the rotational unbalance amount. Judgment.
- the calculation of the average value of the rotational unbalance amount is not simply performed by calculating the average value of the absolute value of the rotational unbalance amount of each sample, but by taking into consideration the phase of the rotational unbalance amount. That is, in the polar coordinate system, a vector extending from the center to the position of the rotational unbalance amount (the length (radius) from the center is the magnitude of the rotational unbalance amount and the direction means the phase of the rotational unbalance amount). Then, a vector indicating the rotational unbalance amount of each sample is synthesized, and a value obtained by dividing the size of the synthesized vector by the number of samples is calculated as an average value.
- the three-dimensional shape measurement and the simulation are performed only for the sample extracted from the lot, not the three-dimensional shape measurement and the simulation for all the rotating bodies included in the lot. Therefore, productivity can be improved. Further, each time the misalignment adjustment is performed, the lot is reset, and the center hole machining position is determined for this lot. Therefore, the number of rotating bodies in one lot can be suppressed to be small, and variations in rotational unbalance amount in one lot can be suppressed to be small. Accordingly, the forging rotator can be reduced in weight by reducing the adjustment margin that must be provided in advance in the forging rotator in order to correct the rotational unbalance amount.
- the center hole processing position which is performed after the center hole processing position determination step and is determined in the center hole processing position determination step, is identified with the forging lot identification information.
- a center hole machining position storing step for storing in the storage means in association is further provided, and in the center hole machining step, the center hole machining position of the forged rotating body is read from the storage means based on the forging lot identification information. preferable.
- the center hole processing position determined by the center hole processing position determination means further comprises storage means for storing the center hole processing position in association with identification information of the forging lot,
- the center hole machining means preferably reads the center hole machining position of the forged rotating body from the storage means based on the identification information of the forging lot.
- the center hole machining position determined for a predetermined forging lot is read from the storage means based on the identification information of the forging lot, the center hole machining process can be automated.
- the forging rotor is preferably an engine crankshaft.
- the forging lot of the forged rotating body manufactured after the replacement is changed to a forging lot different from the forged rotating body manufactured before the replacement. It is preferable to set.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a crankshaft for explaining a three-dimensional shape measuring step and a temporary center hole position setting step in the center hole processing method of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a lower die of a forging die for explaining a die shift adjusting step in the center hole processing method of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a center hole machining position determining step from an unbalance amount calculating step when one forging lot is made up to die change as compared with FIG. 7.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a forged rotating body manufacturing system to which a machining system according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- a crankshaft C of a four-cylinder engine as shown in FIG. 5 is manufactured as a forged rotating body.
- the processing system includes a forging station St1, a center hole determination station St2, and a processing station St3 in the order of processing.
- die forging is performed.
- a pair of upper and lower forging dies (an upper die and a lower die, hereinafter, the forging die may be simply referred to as a die) is disposed.
- the mold presses the forging material and transfers the mold shape to the forging material.
- the crankshaft C in a state before processing that is, a raw material state is forged by die forging.
- the crankshaft C in the material state is appropriately referred to as a material of the crankshaft C.
- the relative position of the upper mold and the lower mold may deviate. That is, so-called misalignment may occur.
- mold deviation occurs, the shape of the forged crankshaft C deviates from a desired design shape. This causes a rotational imbalance of the crankshaft C.
- the die shift is adjusted in order to suppress rotational imbalance.
- the misalignment is performed when the management characteristic value of the material of the crankshaft C exceeds a limit value.
- the material of the crankshaft C manufactured until the new misalignment adjustment is performed is set to the same forging lot (hereinafter simply referred to as “lot”). That is, the material of the crankshaft C manufactured after the mold misalignment adjustment and before the next mold misalignment adjustment is performed is set to the same lot. In the present embodiment, the lot is also changed when the mold is exchanged.
- the center hole determining station St2 is provided with a three-dimensional shape measuring device (three-dimensional shape measuring means) 100, a center hole determining processing device 200, a database (storage means) 300, and a lot information marking device 400.
- a three-dimensional shape measuring device three-dimensional shape measuring means
- a center hole determining processing device 200 a center hole determining processing device 200
- a database (storage means) 300 a lot information marking device 400.
- lot information marking device 400 In FIG. 1, the letters “apparatus” are omitted.
- a plurality of samples Sp are extracted from the material of the crankshaft C conveyed from the forging station St1.
- the three-dimensional shape measuring instrument 100 measures the three-dimensional shape of each sample Sp.
- Each three-dimensional measurement data is sent to the center hole determination processing device 200.
- the center hole determination processing device 200 determines the center hole machining position of the crankshaft C.
- the database 300 stores the center hole machining position and lot information in association with each other.
- the lot information includes the model name of the crankshaft C and information for identifying the type of lot.
- the sample Sp is returned to the original lot L again after the three-dimensional shape is measured.
- the lot information marking device 400 stamps the lot information on the material of each crankshaft C.
- the stamped material of the crankshaft C is transferred to the processing station St3.
- the processing station St3 is provided with a center hole information reading device 500 and a center hole processing device (center hole processing means) 600.
- the center hole information reading device 500 reads lot information from the material of the crankshaft C.
- the center hole information reading device 500 reads from the database 300 the center hole processing position determined for the type of lot included in the lot information.
- the center hole processing device 600 processes the center hole H at the center hole processing position read from the database 300 on both end surfaces in the rotation axis direction of the material of the crankshaft C.
- a main processing step, an unbalance inspection step, an unbalance correction processing step, and a finishing processing step are sequentially performed on the material of the crankshaft C on which the center hole H has been processed.
- the characters “device” are omitted for the center hole information reading device 500 and the center hole processing device 600.
- the machine tool sequentially performs cutting, drilling, heat treatment and grinding of the crankshaft C material. Specifically, first, the machine tool cuts the journal portions J1 to J5 of the material of the crankshaft C with reference to the center hole H so that the outer diameter becomes a predetermined value. Next, the machine tool forms a hole in the crankshaft C to form a lubricating oil flow path and the like. Thereafter, the crankshaft C is heat-treated. The machine tool performs grinding on a portion of the crankshaft C after heat treatment that requires a highly accurate surface shape.
- the balance measuring device inspects unbalance when the crankshaft C rotates, so-called dynamic balance. This inspection is performed on the total number of crankshafts C in which this machining process has been completed. The result of this inspection is sent to the database 300 and stored in the database 300. The result of this inspection is sent to the forging station St1 as necessary. In the forging station St1, die shift adjustment is performed as necessary based on the inspection result.
- the rotational unbalance of the crankshaft C is adjusted based on the inspection result in the unbalance inspection process. Specifically, Doruru makes a hole in the outer peripheral portion of the counterweight portion Cw of the crankshaft C based on the inspection result.
- finishing process finishing such as partial polishing and marking of the crankshaft C is performed. Further, after these processes, the crankshaft C is cleaned.
- the center hole determination processing device 200 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- the center hole determination processing device 200 includes a temporary center hole position setting unit 201, an unbalance amount calculation unit 202, a determination unit 203, an average value calculation unit 204, and a center hole processing position determination unit 205.
- the temporary center hole position setting means 201 sets the position of the temporary center hole Ht of each sample Sp based on the three-dimensional shape measurement data of each sample Sp of the material of the crankshaft C measured by the three-dimensional shape measuring instrument 100. To do.
- the unbalance amount calculation means 202 simulates the virtual final shape of each sample Sp when the main processing is performed with respect to each sample Sp with reference to the set temporary center hole Ht. Further, the unbalance amount calculation means 202 calculates the rotation unbalance amount in the virtual final shape of each sample Sp.
- the unbalance amount calculating means 202 performs the above calculation based on the three-dimensional shape measurement data of each sample Sp and the three-dimensional shape design data relating to the final shape of the crankshaft C set in advance.
- the determination unit 203 determines whether or not the rotational unbalance amount of each sample Sp calculated by the unbalance amount calculation unit 202 is within a range that can be corrected in the unbalance correction processing step.
- the average value calculation means 204 calculates the average value of the rotation unbalance amounts of all the samples Sp for each lot L.
- the center hole machining position determination means 205 calculates the position of the center hole H at which the average value of the rotational unbalance amount calculated by the average value calculation means 204 is zero.
- the center hole machining position determining means 205 determines the calculated position of the center hole H as the center hole machining position of the crankshaft C belonging to the lot L.
- step S1 the material of the plurality of forged crankshafts C is set to a common lot L until a new mold deviation adjustment is performed and until a new mold change is performed (a lot setting process).
- step S2 a plurality of samples Sp are extracted from the material of the crankshaft C in the same lot L. Further, the three-dimensional shape of the sample Sp is measured by the three-dimensional shape measuring instrument 100 (three-dimensional shape measuring step).
- the three-dimensional shape measuring instrument 100 is a contact-type measuring instrument.
- the three-dimensional shape measuring instrument 100 makes a probe (measuring element) contact a plurality of measurement points set on the surface of the sample Sp that is a measurement object, and measures the three-dimensional positions of these measurement points.
- a non-contact type measuring instrument using laser or infrared may be used.
- the points on the outer peripheral surface of the first journal portion J1 of the material of the crankshaft C are 90 ° on the circumference intersecting with a preset profile.
- the positions of four points that are separated from each other and the positions of four points that are points on the outer peripheral surface of the fifth journal portion J5 and that are separated from each other by 90 degrees on the circumference intersecting with a preset profile are measured.
- the points on the outer peripheral surface of the first pin portion P1 are separated from each other by 90 degrees on the circumference intersecting with a preset profile. Four positions are measured.
- the counterweight portion Cw is a portion that is hardly processed, and is a portion in which the rotational imbalance during forging remains as it is.
- step S3 the position of the temporary center hole Ht of each sample Sp is set based on the three-dimensional shape measurement data of the sample Sp obtained in step S2 (temporary center hole position setting step).
- step S3 the center position of a circle passing through four points on the outer peripheral surface of the first pin portion P1 is calculated.
- the direction of the straight line passing through the center position and orthogonal to the temporary center axis is set as a reference phase (for example, 0 degrees) of the rotation unbalance of each sample Sp.
- step S4 the rotational unbalance amount after the main processing is provisionally calculated for each sample Sp (unbalance amount calculating step).
- the final shape after performing the main processing on the temporary center hole Ht with respect to the three-dimensional shape measurement data of the sample Sp obtained in step S3 is simulated.
- the virtual final shape (three-dimensional shape virtual data) of the sample Sp obtained by the simulation is compared with the final shape (three-dimensional shape design data) of the designed crankshaft C, and the difference between these shapes ( Including the magnitude and direction of the deviation).
- the rotational unbalance amount of each sample Sp is calculated based on the calculated difference in shape.
- the rotation imbalance amount is a vector amount and includes a size and a direction.
- the designed final shape of the crankshaft C (three-dimensional shape design data) is stored in the database 300 in advance.
- step S5 it is determined whether or not the mold has reached the replacement time. If it is determined that the replacement time has not been reached, the process proceeds to step S7. On the other hand, if it is determined that the replacement time has been reached, mold replacement is performed in step S6. When the mold is changed, the lot is updated. That is, the material of the crankshaft C newly forged after the mold change is set to a new lot.
- step S7 it is determined whether or not the rotational unbalance amount of each sample Sp is within a preset allowable range (determination step).
- This allowable range is a range that can be corrected in the unbalance correction processing step. If it is determined that the rotational imbalance amounts are within the allowable range, the process proceeds to step S9. On the other hand, if it is determined that the rotational imbalance amount is outside the allowable range, the mold deviation adjustment is performed in step S8. Similar to the mold change, the lot is updated when the mold deviation adjustment is performed. In other words, the material of the crankshaft C newly forged after the adjustment of the misalignment is set to a new lot.
- step S7 is performed in consideration of the absolute value of the rotational unbalance amount and the rotational unbalance phase of each sample Sp.
- step S9 an average value of rotational unbalance amounts of all the samples Sp is calculated (average value calculating step).
- the vector amount of the rotational unbalance amount of each sample Sp starting from the coordinate center is synthesized.
- the absolute value of the rotational unbalance amount is the length from the coordinate center, and the rotational unbalance amount direction is the phase.
- a value obtained by dividing the size of the combined vector by the number of samples is calculated as the average value of the rotational imbalance amount.
- step S10 a position where the average value of the rotational unbalance amount calculated in step S9 is zero is calculated. This position is determined as the center hole processing position of the crankshaft C belonging to the lot L including each sample Sp (center hole processing position determination step).
- step S11 the center hole machining position determined in step S10 is stored in the database 300 in association with the identification information of the lot L (center hole machining position storage step).
- step S12 lot information including the identification information of the lot L and the model name of the crankshaft C is imprinted on the materials of all the crankshafts C by the lot information stamping device 400.
- characters such as numbers and alphabets indicating lot information are engraved.
- characters for example, a bar code, a two-dimensional code, or the like may be engraved.
- step S13 the lot information is read from the stamped contents of each crankshaft C material.
- an imaging unit such as a CCD camera provided in the processing station St3 images the marking portion of the material of the crankshaft C.
- Predetermined image processing is performed on the captured image data.
- the engraved characters are automatically recognized by a known pattern matching process.
- a bar code or a two-dimensional code when engraved, it may be read by a dedicated code reader. Further, when the characters are imprinted, the operator may read them visually.
- step S14 the center hole information reading device 500 reads the center hole machining position of the lot L to which the material of each crankshaft C belongs from the database 300 based on the lot information read in step S13.
- the operator may input the lot information to the center hole information reading device 500 using an input operation means such as a keyboard.
- step S15 the center hole processing apparatus 600 processes the center hole H at the center hole processing position of the material of the crankshaft C (processing step).
- the center hole is machined in the material of the crankshaft C through the above steps S1 to S15. After that, the material of the crankshaft C in which the center hole has been processed shifts to the main processing step.
- the die shift adjustment is performed. Further, the misalignment adjustment is appropriately performed so that the management characteristic value of the manufactured material of the crankshaft C is within a preset allowable range and can be corrected by balance correction processing.
- the mold deviation adjustment is performed, the material lot of the crankshaft C manufactured after the mold deviation adjustment is updated.
- the material lot of the crankshaft C manufactured after mold replacement is updated.
- the material of the crankshaft C manufactured while the mold is not adjusted and replaced is set to the same lot.
- the horizontal axis of the graph in FIG. 4 shows the production order of the material of the crankshaft C, and the production time is newer on the right side.
- the vertical axis of the graph in FIG. 4 indicates the management characteristic value of the material of the crankshaft C.
- the management characteristic value is a value such as an axial bend of the material of the crankshaft C, and is a value that increases as the amount of misalignment increases.
- the management characteristic value increases as the number of manufactured crankshaft C materials increases.
- the upper and lower mold misalignment increases.
- the latest crankshaft C material is extracted as a sample Sp.
- the management characteristic value of the sample Sp approaches the upper limit value, the misalignment adjustment is performed.
- the management characteristic value of the sample Sp4 becomes a value close to the upper limit value, and the first misalignment adjustment is performed immediately after the manufacture of the sample Sp4. Then, the material of the crankshaft C manufactured up to the sample Sp4 (including the sample Sp4) is set to the common lot L1. By performing the misalignment adjustment, the management characteristic value of the material of the crankshaft C immediately after the misalignment adjustment becomes a more appropriate value. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the management characteristic value of the sample Sp is a sufficiently small value. The crankshaft C manufactured after the first misalignment adjustment is set to a new lot L2.
- the misalignment amount increases again as the crankshaft C material is further manufactured.
- the management characteristic value of the sample Sp8 becomes a value close to the upper limit value, and accordingly, the second misalignment adjustment is performed immediately after the manufacture of the sample Sp8.
- the material of the crankshaft C from the material of the crankshaft C manufactured next to the sample SP4 to the sample Sp8 is set to the lot L2.
- the misalignment adjustment and the lot update are performed even in accordance with the management characteristic value.
- the lot L is also updated by updating the mold.
- the mold when the total number of materials of the crankshaft C manufactured by a predetermined mold reaches a preset maximum number, the mold is replaced with a new one. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 4, although the management characteristic value of the sample SP11 is a value sufficiently smaller than the upper limit value, the mold change is performed immediately after the second mold deviation adjustment as the mold change time comes. The material of the crankshaft C manufactured so far is set as the same lot L3. Then, the material of the crankshaft C manufactured after the mold change is set to a new lot.
- G1, G2, and G3 in FIG. 4 indicate sets of samples Sp1 to Sp4, Sp5 to Sp8, and Sp9 to Sp11 for each lot L1, L2, and L3.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of the crankshaft C in the present embodiment.
- the crankshaft C is a crankshaft mounted on a four-cylinder engine.
- the crankshaft C includes a crankpin portion P1 to P4 (hereinafter referred to as “pin portion”), five crank journal portions J1 to J5 (hereinafter referred to as “journal portion”), and a plurality of crank arm portions Ca. (Hereinafter referred to as “arm portion”) and a counterweight portion Cw extending from each arm portion Ca.
- Each of the pin portions P1 to P4 rotatably supports a connecting rod (not shown) that connects a piston (not shown) corresponding to each cylinder.
- Each of the journal portions J1 to J5 can rotate about the same axis as the crankshaft C.
- the crank arm portion Ca connects the pin portions P1 to P4 and the journal portions J1 to J5, respectively.
- the crankshaft C is formed of, for example, a non-tempered steel material for hot forging such as SMn438.
- the center position of a circle passing through four points on the outer peripheral surface of the first pin portion P1 of each sample Sp whose position is measured by the three-dimensional shape measuring instrument 100 is calculated.
- the normal direction from the temporary central axis passing through the temporary center holes Ht1 and Ht2 to the center position is set as a reference phase of the rotational unbalance amount of each sample Sp.
- step S ⁇ b> 8 the die shift adjustment process in step S ⁇ b> 8 will be specifically described.
- the forging die in the present embodiment is a so-called triple forging die in which three molds composed of a pair of an upper die and a lower die K are arranged in the order of processes.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of the lower mold K as viewed from above.
- the lower mold K is fixed in the horizontal direction with respect to the upper mold, and includes a frame F, three mold parts M1 to M3 accommodated in the frame F, six adjustment members A1 to A6, 4 It is mainly composed of two pressing members W1 to W4.
- the frame body F can reciprocate in the vertical direction.
- the mold parts M1 to M3 and the adjustment members A1 to A6 can be exchanged.
- the three mold parts M1 to M3 constitute a triple mold arranged in the order of processes.
- the rod-shaped forging material is put into each mold part M1, M2, and M3 in order and formed into a material for the crankshaft C.
- Adjustment members A1 to A6 are plate-like members having a predetermined thickness. These adjusting members A1 to A6 are appropriately selected from a plurality of plate-like members having different plate thicknesses prepared in advance.
- the pressing members W1 to W4 press the mold parts M1 to M3 in the direction of the arrows in FIG.
- Each of the pressing members W1 to W4 is made of a pair of wedge-shaped members, and presses each of the mold parts M1 to M3 by the wedge effect.
- the mold part M1 is fixed to the inner wall surface of the frame F by the pressing member W1 through the adjusting member A1 (upward in FIG. 6).
- the mold parts M2 and M3 are also fixed to the inner wall surface of the frame F by being pressed by the pressing members W2 and W3 via the adjusting members A2 and A3 (upward in FIG. 6).
- the adjustment member A4 is sandwiched between the mold part M1 and the inner wall surface of the frame F.
- the adjustment member A6 is sandwiched between the mold part M1 and the mold part M2.
- the adjustment member A6 is sandwiched between the mold part M2 and the mold part M3.
- the mold parts M1 to M3 and the adjusting members A4 to A6 are collectively fixed by being pressed against the inner wall surface of the frame F by the pressing means W4 (in the left direction in FIG. 6).
- the mold deviation adjustment is performed by replacing the lower mold K adjustment members A1 to A6 with different thicknesses. For example, when only the mold part M1 is shifted by a predetermined amount in the left direction from an appropriate position, the adjustment member A4 is replaced with a plate having a predetermined thickness and the adjustment member A5 is decreased by a predetermined amount. Exchanged. Thereby, only the mold part M1 is adjusted to an appropriate position.
- the mold parts M1 to M3 are adjusted to appropriate positions on the horizontal plane.
- the upper mold may have the same structure as the lower mold K, and the position of the upper mold may be adjusted together with the lower mold K. Further, only the upper mold may be adjusted.
- 7 and 8 show the rotational unbalance amounts of the samples Sp1 to Sp11 shown in FIG. 4 as black circles on the polar coordinate system graph. 7 and 8, the points (sample sets G1 to G3) of the sample Sp of the same lot L are circled.
- the radius of the circle indicated by a broken line represents the magnitude (unit: g ⁇ cm) of the rotational unbalance amount, and the direction with respect to the center of the circle, that is, the center of the graph is the rotational unbalance. Represents the phase of the quantity.
- the hatched area represents an allowable range of the rotational unbalance amount that can be corrected by the unbalance correction process.
- the virtual final shape of each of the samples Sp1 to Sp11 obtained by the simulation that is, the three-dimensional shape virtual data, and the final shape (three-dimensional shape) of the designed crankshaft C stored in the database 300 in advance.
- the difference from the design data is calculated.
- the rotational unbalance of each of the samples Sp1 to Sp11 is calculated.
- FIG. 7 (a) shows all the calculated rotation imbalances of the samples Sp1 to Sp11. As shown in FIG. 7A, the rotational unbalance amounts of the sample sets G1 to G3 of the lots L1 to L3 vary.
- the average value of the rotational unbalance amount of the sample Sp is calculated for each of the lots L1 to L3.
- the position where the length (from the center of the graph) is the above-described average value in the same direction as the synthesized vector is the average position of the rotational unbalance amount of the sample Sp of the lot L1, that is, the average rotational unbalance amount. Value.
- the position of the center hole H is corrected so that the calculated average value of the rotational unbalance amount of the sample Sp becomes zero, that is, the coordinate center. Specifically, the position of the temporary center hole is corrected to a position shifted from the original position by an average position (average position) of the rotational unbalance amount. Then, the corrected position of the center hole H is set as the center hole processing position of the material of the crankshaft C belonging to the corresponding lot L.
- the temporary center is set so that the average value (average position) of the rotational unbalance amount of the sample set G1 (samples Sp1 to Sp4) moves to the coordinate center as shown in FIG.
- the position of the hole Ht is moved.
- the position where the temporary center hole Ht is moved is set as the machining position of the center hole H of the crankshaft C belonging to the lot L1.
- the lots L2 and L3 are moved so that the average position of the rotational imbalance amount moves to the center of the graph.
- the machining position of the center hole H of the crankshaft C belonging to is determined.
- the lot is updated each time mold deviation adjustment or mold exchange is performed, and the machining position of the center hole H of the crankshaft C is determined for each lot.
- the center hole machining position is determined again for each misalignment adjustment (for each forging lot)
- the variation range of the unbalance amount of the crankshaft C in each lot L is reduced. Therefore, the counterweight portion Cw, which is an adjustment margin provided in advance in the crankshaft C in order to correct the unbalance, can be reduced, so that the crankshaft C can be reduced in weight.
- the three-dimensional shape measurement or processing simulation is performed only for each sample Sp of the crankshaft C. Therefore, compared with the case where the measurement and simulation of the three-dimensional shape are performed on the materials of all the crankshafts C, the work time and labor can be reduced. This improves the productivity of the crankshaft C.
- the center hole machining position is stored in the database DB in association with the identification information of the lot L. Then, in the center hole machining step, the center hole machining position determined for the lot L is read from the database DB based on the identification information of the lot L to which the crankshaft C machining the center hole H belongs. Therefore, the center hole machining process can be automated.
- this embodiment demonstrated the case of the crankshaft C as a forge rotary body, this invention is applicable not only to the crankshaft C but the manufacturing system of the rotary components manufactured by another forging. Further, the applicable technical field is not limited to the technical field of manufacturing a vehicle engine.
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Abstract
Description
ステップS1のロット設定工程について具体的に説明する。
図5を参照しながら、ステップS2、S3の3次元形状測定工程及び仮センタ穴位置設定工程について具体的に説明する。図5は、本実施形態におけるクランクシャフトCの概略側面図である。
図6を参照しながら、ステップS8の型ずれ調整工程について、具体的に説明する。
図7を参照しながら、ステップS4~S10のアンバランス量算出工程からセンタ穴加工位置決定工程について具体的に説明する。
Claims (7)
- 鍛造金型により製造される鍛造回転体にセンタ穴を加工する方法において、
前記鍛造金型の型ずれ調整後から次の型ずれ調整までに鍛造された複数の前記鍛造回転体を、同じ鍛造ロットに設定するロット設定工程と、
1つの前記鍛造ロットから複数の前記鍛造回転体をサンプルとして抜き取り、当該各サンプルの3次元形状を測定して、この測定結果である3次元形状測定データをそれぞれ取得する3次元形状測定工程と、
前記サンプル毎に、それぞれ、その前記3次元形状測定データに基づいて、仮センタ穴の位置を設定する仮センタ穴位置設定工程と、
前記各サンプルの前記3次元形状測定データと予め設定された設計上の前記鍛造回転体の最終形状の3次元形状設計データとに基づき、各サンプルについて、前記仮センタ穴を基準として所定の加工のシミュレーションを行った後の最終形状における回転アンバランス量を算出するアンバランス量算出工程と、
前記各サンプルの回転アンバランス量が予め設定された許容範囲内か否かを判定する判定工程と、
全サンプルの前記回転アンバランス量が前記許容範囲内であると判定された鍛造ロットについて、当該鍛造ロットの全サンプルの前記回転アンバランス量の平均値を算出する平均値算出工程と、
前記回転アンバランス量の平均値がゼロとなるセンタ穴の位置を算出して、算出されたセンタ穴の位置を、この算出に用いられたサンプルが属する鍛造ロットに含まれる全ての前記鍛造回転体のセンタ穴加工位置として決定するセンタ穴加工位置決定工程と、
ある鍛造回転体を加工する際に、その鍛造回転体が属する鍛造ロットについて決定された前記鍛造回転体のセンタ穴加工位置にセンタ穴を加工するセンタ穴加工工程と、を有している
ことを特徴とする鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工方法。 - 前記センタ穴加工位置決定工程の後でかつ前記センタ穴加工工程の前に実施されて、前記センタ穴加工位置決定工程において決定された前記センタ穴加工位置を、前記鍛造ロットの識別情報と関連づけて記憶手段に記憶させるセンタ穴加工位置記憶工程をさらに備え、
前記センタ穴加工工程では、センタ穴を加工する前記鍛造回転体が属する前記鍛造ロットの識別情報に基づき、前記記憶手段から当該鍛造回転体のセンタ穴加工位置を読み出す
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工方法。 - 前記鍛造回転体は、エンジンのクランクシャフトである
ことを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2のいずれかに記載の鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工方法。 - 前記ロット設定工程において、前記鍛造金型が交換されると、当該交換後に製造された前記鍛造回転体の鍛造ロットを、この交換前に製造された前記鍛造回転体とは異なる鍛造ロットに設定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工方法。 - 鍛造金型により製造される鍛造回転体のセンタ穴を加工する鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工システムにおいて、
前記鍛造金型の型ずれ調整後から次の型ずれ調整までに鍛造された複数の前記鍛造回転体であって同じ鍛造ロットに設定された複数の前記鍛造回転体から複数の前記鍛造回転体をサンプルとして抜き取り、当該各サンプルの3次元形状を測定して、この測定結果である3次元形状測定データをそれぞれ取得する3次元形状測定手段と、
前記サンプル毎に、それぞれ、その3次元形状測定データに基づいて、仮センタ穴の位置を設定する仮センタ穴位置設定手段と、
前記各サンプルの前記3次元形状測定データと予め設定された設計上の前記鍛造回転体の最終形状の3次元形状設計データとに基づき、各サンプルについて、前記仮センタ穴を基準として所定の加工のシミュレーションを行った後の最終形状における回転アンバランス量を算出するアンバランス量算出手段と、
前記各サンプルの回転アンバランス量が予め設定された許容範囲内か否かを判定する判定手段と、
全サンプルの前記回転アンバランス量が前記許容範囲内であると判定された鍛造ロットについて、当該鍛造ロットの全サンプルの前記回転アンバランス量の平均値を算出する平均値算出手段と、
前記回転アンバランス量の平均値がゼロとなるセンタ穴の位置を算出して、算出されたセンタ穴の位置を、この算出に用いられたサンプルが属する鍛造ロットに含まれる全ての前記鍛造回転体のセンタ穴加工位置として決定するセンタ穴加工位置決定手段と、
ある鍛造回転体を加工する際に、その鍛造回転体が属する鍛造ロットについて決定された前記鍛造回転体のセンタ穴加工位置にセンタ穴を加工するセンタ穴加工手段と、
を備えることを特徴とする鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工システム。 - 前記センタ穴加工位置決定手段によって決定された前記センタ穴加工位置を、前記鍛造ロットの識別情報と関連づけて記憶する記憶手段をさらに備え、
前記センタ穴加工手段は、センタ穴を加工する前記鍛造回転体が属する前記鍛造ロットの識別情報に基づき、前記記憶手段から当該鍛造回転体のセンタ穴加工位置を読み出すことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工システム。 - 前記鍛造回転体は、エンジンのクランクシャフトである
ことを特徴とする請求項5または請求項6のいずれかに記載の鍛造回転体のセンタ穴の加工システム。
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