WO2013161101A1 - 火災感知器 - Google Patents
火災感知器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013161101A1 WO2013161101A1 PCT/JP2012/076931 JP2012076931W WO2013161101A1 WO 2013161101 A1 WO2013161101 A1 WO 2013161101A1 JP 2012076931 W JP2012076931 W JP 2012076931W WO 2013161101 A1 WO2013161101 A1 WO 2013161101A1
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- noise
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- smoke
- light reception
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
- G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
- G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
- G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
- G08B29/043—Monitoring of the detection circuits of fire detection circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
- G08B29/185—Signal analysis techniques for reducing or preventing false alarms or for enhancing the reliability of the system
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
- G08B29/18—Prevention or correction of operating errors
- G08B29/20—Calibration, including self-calibrating arrangements
- G08B29/24—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components
- G08B29/26—Self-calibration, e.g. compensating for environmental drift or ageing of components by updating and storing reference thresholds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fire detector that detects a fire by receiving light from a light emitting portion that changes according to fire smoke by a light receiving portion.
- photoelectric fire detectors that detect smoke due to fire receive a sampling command from a host device such as a receiver or a repeater at regular intervals and set a predetermined smoke detection operation time. Further, during this smoke detection operation time, the light emitting unit is driven to emit light once, the light from the light emitting unit is scattered by fire smoke, etc., and the light receiving unit outputs a smoke light receiving signal. Based on the above, a smoke detection signal corresponding to the smoke density is detected and transmitted to the host device. In addition, when the detector itself detects that the smoke detection signal exceeds the predetermined fire threshold, a fire interrupt signal is sent to the host device, and the fire detector that detected the fire is identified by a search command from the host device. A fire alarm is output.
- the zero point light reception signal output from the light receiving unit at the light emission stop timing of the light emitting unit during the smoke detection time set at regular intervals is used as the noise detection signal.
- a fire detector is disclosed that detects and determines noise when a noise detection signal is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold and performs a predetermined noise removal process.
- This noise removal processing does not use the smoke detection signal detected when determining the noise for the fire determination, but determines the smoke detection signal detected and held in the period before the noise determination for the fire determination. By using it in the fire, make sure that fire is not mistaken due to the influence of noise.
- a zero point light reception signal output from the light receiving unit at the light emission stop timing of the light emitting unit is detected as a noise detection signal to determine noise. Therefore, if noise is not mixed in the noise detection signal (zero light reception signal) and noise is mixed in the smoke light reception signal output by the light receiving unit at the light emission timing of the light emitting unit, the noise detection signal (zero light reception) Noise cannot be determined from the signal. Therefore, in such a case, the noise removal process cannot be performed, and the smoke detection signal detected based on the smoke light reception signal may fluctuate due to the mixing of noise, resulting in erroneous fire determination. There is a problem that the influence cannot be suppressed sufficiently.
- the smoke light reception signal is a signal that changes according to the smoke accompanying the fire, and the smoke light reception signal cannot be used for noise determination because it is not possible to distinguish between smoke and signal changes due to noise.
- the fire detector is a light emitting unit that repeats light emission stop and light emission a plurality of times at a predetermined light emission period during a predetermined smoke detection operation time set for each first period.
- a light receiving unit that receives light emitted from the light emitting unit and outputs a light reception signal during the smoke detection operation time, and a light reception unit that outputs the light reception signal at each light emission stop timing of the smoke detection operation time.
- a light receiving signal detecting unit for detecting a light receiving signal output from the light receiving unit at each light emission timing as a smoke light receiving signal, and a plurality of zero points detected by the light receiving signal detecting unit.
- a smoke detector for detecting a smoke detection signal based on the light reception signal and a plurality of times of the light reception signal, and mixing of noise into the light reception signal based on the plurality of times of the zero light reception signal and the plurality of smoke light reception signals Whether or not And, provided in the case where the noise is determined to be contaminated, the noise determination processing unit for implementing the noise removal process, the.
- the light emission period may be set to a period different from a noise period corresponding to a predetermined noise frequency.
- the noise determination processing unit is configured such that any one of the plurality of zero point light reception signals is equal to or greater than an upper limit value of a predetermined range centered on a predetermined zero point moving average value.
- the first noise determination mode for determining that the noise is mixed when the value is equal to or lower than the lower limit value, and the moving average value of the plurality of zero light reception signals within a predetermined range centered on a predetermined zero fixed value.
- the second noise determination mode determines that the noise is mixed when the value is equal to or greater than the upper limit value or less than the lower limit value It is determined that the noise is mixed when the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the plurality of zero-point received light signals is a predetermined threshold value or more in the third noise determination mode in which it is determined that the noise is mixed.
- the noise removal process may be performed when it is determined that the noise is mixed based on one or more combinations of the first noise determination mode to the fifth noise determination mode.
- the smoke detector calculates a first zero point moving average value that is calculated and held from a predetermined number of zero point light receiving signals detected up to the previous period, The second zero point moving average value is updated based on the plurality of zero point light reception signals, and the smoke detection signal is detected based on the second zero point moving average value and the plurality of smoke light reception signals.
- the noise determination processing unit may perform a noise removal process that prohibits the update of the first zero-point moving average value of the smoke detection unit.
- the first period is changed to a second period shorter than the first period.
- the second cycle may be returned to the first cycle after the change to the second cycle and when it is determined that noise is mixed.
- the smoke detection unit may detect the first zero-point moving average value or the second second value from each of the plurality of smoke reception signals as the smoke detection signal. You may obtain
- the light emission stop and light emission of the light emitting unit are repeated a plurality of times at a predetermined light emission period during a predetermined smoke detection operation time set for each predetermined first period.
- the light reception signal output by the light receiving unit at each light emission stop timing of the smoke detection operation time is detected as a zero point light reception signal.
- the light reception signal output by the light receiving unit at each light emission timing is detected as a smoke light reception signal, and noise is detected in the light reception signal based on the plurality of zero light reception signals and the plurality of smoke light reception signals detected by the light reception signal detection unit.
- Noise determination is performed to determine whether the noise is mixed (presence / absence of noise mixing). When it is determined that noise is mixed, noise removal processing is performed.
- noises such as instantaneous noise, random noise, noise that lasts for a long time, noise that is mixed in one or both of the zero light reception signal at the light emission stop timing and the smoke light reception signal at the light emission timing, are generated. Without missing the occurrence situation, it is possible to reliably determine noise and perform noise removal processing. As a result, the influence of noise can be suppressed and a fire can be determined without error.
- the light emission period of the light emitting unit that emits light a plurality of times during the smoke detection operation time set for each predetermined period is different from the noise period corresponding to the predetermined noise frequency.
- the noise frequency at which the light reception signal is highly likely to be affected is known, the light reception period is shifted with respect to the noise period of this noise frequency, and the smoke reception is detected at the light emission timing. It is possible to detect a smoke light reception signal that reduces the degree of noise mixed in the signal and suppresses the influence of noise.
- the noise determination processing unit further includes a first noise determination mode to a fifth noise determination based on a plurality of zero light reception signals and smoke light reception signals detected by the light reception signal detection unit.
- a predetermined noise removal process is performed when it is determined that noise is mixed in at least one of the modes. For this reason, it is possible to perform noise removal processing by reliably determining from the received light signal noise that is assumed to be mixed in various modes, such as instantaneous noise, randomly generated noise, and noise that continues for a long time.
- the zero-point moving average value (D 0 ) ma is affected by noise by prohibiting updating of the zero-point moving average value when it is determined that noise is further mixed. Can be suppressed.
- the noise determination processing unit when the noise determination processing unit further determines whether noise is mixed (noise determination) and determines that noise is mixed, smoke detection operation
- the period for setting the time By changing the period for setting the time to a shorter period, it is possible to shorten the subsequent period for determining the presence or absence of noise mixing and increase the frequency of determining the presence or absence of noise mixing. Also, it is possible to quickly cancel the noise removal process when it is determined that noise is mixed.
- the average value of the value obtained by subtracting the zero-point moving average value from each of the plurality of smoke detection signals detected at each light emission timing is repeated a plurality of times, and the light emission stop and light emission are repeated a plurality of times.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a fire detector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the overall operation of the fire detector
- FIG. 3 shows the light emission operation and the light reception operation during the smoke detection operation time of FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows a light emitting operation and a light receiving operation when noise is mixed.
- the fire detector 10 As shown in FIG. 1, the fire detector 10 according to the present embodiment is connected to a transmission line 14 drawn from a disaster prevention receiving board 12.
- a transmission line 14 drawn from a disaster prevention receiving board 12.
- One or a plurality of fire detectors 10 are connected to the transmission line 14, but in the following, one connection is taken as an example to simplify the description.
- the fire detector 10 includes a transmission unit 16, a control unit 18, a light emitting unit 20, and a light receiving unit 22.
- the light emitting unit 20 includes a light emission driving unit 24 and an infrared LED 26 as a light emitting element.
- the light receiving unit 22 includes a photodiode (PD) 28 as a light receiving element and a light receiving amplification unit 30.
- PD photodiode
- the control unit 18 uses a computer circuit or a wired logic circuit having various input / output ports including a CPU, a memory, and an AD conversion port as hardware.
- the timing control unit 32 has a function realized by executing a program by the CPU.
- a light reception signal detection unit 34, a smoke detection unit 36, and a noise determination processing unit 38 is included in the CPU.
- the disaster prevention receiving board 12 can connect, for example, a maximum of 255 fire detectors 10 through the transmission line 14, and each connected fire detector 10 is assigned an identification address 1 to 255.
- the disaster prevention receiving board 12 transmits a sampling command (AD conversion command) to each fire detector 10 at a predetermined cycle, for example, every second. Subsequently, the disaster prevention receiving board 12 transmits a polling command specifying addresses in order to a maximum of 255 fire detectors 10.
- Smoke detection operation time (fire detection operation time) T2 shown in FIG. 2B is set. Further, the fire detector 10 performs a smoke detection operation during the smoke detection operation time T2, detects and holds a smoke detection signal, and a polling command (not shown) designating a self-address from the disaster prevention receiving board 12. Is received, the response signal including the value of the smoke detection signal detected and held is transmitted to the disaster prevention receiving board 12.
- the fire detector 10 transmits a fire interrupt signal to the disaster prevention receiving board 12 when a fire is detected from the smoke detection signal detected by performing the smoke detection operation.
- the control unit 18 of the fire detector 10 controls the light emitting unit 20 and the light receiving unit 22, and detects a smoke by detecting the smoke detection signal by the light emission driving of the light emitting unit 20 and the light receiving operation of the light receiving unit 22 (fire detection operation (fire Detection operation).
- the timing control part 32 of the control part 18 discriminate
- the light reception amplification unit 30 of the light reception unit 22 is instructed to perform the light reception operation with the light reception amplifier 30 in an operation state during the smoke detection operation time T2, for example, by turning on the power supply.
- the light emission drive unit 24 of the light emission unit 20 is instructed to cause the infrared LED 26 to perform a light emission operation of outputting a light emission signal 42 so as to repeat light emission stop and light emission, for example, three times during the smoke detection operation time T2.
- the light emission of the light emission drive unit 24 is repeated three times, but may be two times or four or more times depending on the response performance of the circuit.
- the fire detector 10 includes a known scattered light type smoke detector.
- This scattered light type smoke detection section forms a smoke detection chamber inside a casing in which a smoke inlet is formed, and an infrared LED 26 and a photodiode 28 are provided therein.
- An insect net is provided on the outer periphery of the smoke detection chamber, and a labyrinth structure that allows smoke to pass but blocks light from the outside is provided inside the insect net.
- Scattered light generated when the light from the infrared LED 26 strikes the smoke flowing into the smoke detection chamber from the smoke inlet is received by the photodiode 28 and converted into an electrical signal, and amplified by the light receiving amplification unit 30 to be received. Is output to the received light signal detection unit 34 of the control unit 18.
- the light receiving and amplifying unit 30 may be provided on the control unit 18 side.
- the light emission operation of the light emitting unit 20 is performed by using the infrared LED 26 during the smoke detection operation time T2 and the light emission signal 42 for a predetermined light emission time T6 in each of the light emission periods T3, T4, T5. Is repeated three times.
- the light emission periods T3, T4, T5 are, for example, around 1 millisecond. Note that the light emission periods T3, T4, and T5 may be the same or different.
- the light emission periods T3, T4, T5 to a period different from the noise period Tn corresponding to the predetermined noise frequency fn.
- fn 1 kHz as the noise frequency fn mixed in the light reception signal of the fire detector 10 and affecting the fire judgment.
- T3 1.1 milliseconds
- T4 0.9 milliseconds
- T3 1.1 milliseconds
- T5 1.1 milliseconds
- the light reception signal detection unit 34 of the control unit 18 includes an AD conversion port, and the light reception unit 22 outputs the light emission stop timing and the light emission timing of the three light emission signals 42 by the light emission unit 20 shown in FIG.
- the received light signal shown in FIG. 3C is AD converted (analog-digital converted) at each time t1 to t6. That is, the received light signal detection unit 34 detects and holds the received light signal AD-converted at the times t1, t3, and t5 corresponding to the light emission stop timing as AD converted values D 01 , D 02 , and D 03 of the zero point received light signal, and emits light.
- the light reception signals AD converted at times t2, t4, and t6 corresponding to the timing are detected and held as AD conversion values D S1 , D S2 , and D S3 of the smoke light reception signals.
- the AD conversion value of the zero point received light signal AD-converted at the three light emission stop timings is referred to as zero point received light value D 01 , D 02 , D 03, and AD conversion at the three light emission timings.
- the AD conversion value of the smoke received light signal is referred to as smoke received light value D S1 , D S2 , D S3 .
- FIG. 4 shows a light emitting operation and a light receiving operation in the case where noise is continuously mixed in the light receiving signal.
- the zero point light reception values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 detected at the light emission stop timing and the smoke light reception values D S1 , D S2 , D S3 detected at the light emission timing vary greatly due to noise mixing.
- the smoke detection unit 36 of the control unit 18 detects smoke as a smoke detection signal based on the zero point light reception values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 and the smoke light reception values D S1 , D S2 , D S3 detected and held by the light reception signal detection unit 34.
- a detection value D is detected.
- the smoke detection value D detected by the smoke detector 36 is calculated and stored from the moving average value (D 0 ) ma of the zero point received light values detected up to the previous cycle, for example, 48 zero point received light values corresponding to 16 cycles. and has zero point moving average (D 0) of ma, the moving average value the zero point (D 0) zero point received value detected by ma and the light receiving signal detector 34 D 01, D 02, zero point was calculated including the D 03 Updating to the moving average value (D) ma is performed by subtracting the updated zero-point moving average value (D) ma from the smoke received light values D S1 , D S2 , and D S3 detected by the light reception signal detector 34.
- the smoke detection unit 36 when the smoke detector 36 detects the reception of a polling command specifying its own address from the disaster prevention receiving board 12 via the transmission unit 16, the smoke detection unit 36 instructs the transmission unit 16 and includes a detected smoke detection value D. Is transmitted to the disaster prevention receiving board 12.
- the smoke detection unit 36 detects a fire when the detected smoke detection value D is equal to or greater than a predetermined fire threshold (determines that it is a fire), instructs the transmission unit 16, and fires into the disaster prevention receiver 12. Send a signal.
- the disaster prevention reception board 12 Upon receiving this fire interrupt signal, the disaster prevention reception board 12 transmits a search command, searches for the fire detector 10 that has transmitted the fire interrupt signal, acquires its address, and identifies the fire detector 10 that detected the fire. A fire alarm is output.
- the noise determination processing unit 38 of the control unit 18 performs noise determination based on the zero point received light values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 and the smoke received light values D S1 , D S2 , D S3 detected by the received light signal detection unit 34. In addition, when it is determined that noise is mixed, a predetermined noise removal process is performed.
- the noise determination processing unit 38 performs noise determination processing according to the following first noise determination mode to fifth noise determination mode, and based on at least one determination mode of the first noise determination mode to the fifth noise determination mode. It is desirable to perform noise removal processing when it is determined that noise is mixed.
- the noise determination processing unit 38 is one of the three zero-point received light values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 detected by the received-light signal detection unit 34, and the zero-point moving average value (D 0 ) ma. If it is greater than or equal to the upper limit value or less than the lower limit value of the predetermined range centering on, it is determined that noise is mixed.
- This predetermined range is arbitrary so that the sensor does not malfunction due to noise under the assumed noise intensity environment, and does not falsely detect noise under normal installation environment without noise. Can be set.
- FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B show an example of noise determination in the first noise determination mode.
- FIG. 5A shows the zero point light reception values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 in the absence of noise, and falls within the upper limit value Dth2 and the lower limit value Dth1 that determine a predetermined range centered on the zero point moving average value (D 0 ) ma. ing. In this case, it is not determined that noise is mixed.
- the zero point light receiving value D 03 is a predetermined value centered on the zero point moving average value (D 0 ) ma. It becomes below the lower limit Dth1 of the range. In this case, it is determined that noise is mixed.
- the noise determination processing unit 38 determines that the moving average value of the three zero-point received light values D 01 , D 02 and D 03 detected by the received light signal detection unit 34 is a predetermined zero-point fixed value (zero-point movement value). It is determined that noise is mixed when the value is not less than the upper limit value or less than the lower limit value of the predetermined range centering on the (average initial value).
- FIG. 6A and 6B show an example of noise determination in the second noise determination mode.
- FIG. 6A shows the zero point light receiving values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 without noise
- the moving average (D 0 ) a is an upper limit value (D 0 ) that determines a predetermined range centered on the zero fixed value D 0. It is within th2 and the lower limit (D 0 ) th1. In this case, it is not determined that noise is mixed.
- the moving average value (D 0 ) a of the zero point received values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 is within a predetermined range centered on the zero point fixed value D 0 .
- the upper limit (D 0 ) th2 or more. In this case, it is determined that noise is mixed.
- the noise determination processing unit 38 prohibits updating of the zero-point moving average value (D 0 ) ma as noise removal processing, as will be described later. Therefore, the zero-point moving average value (D 0 ) ma falls within an upper limit value (D 0 ) th2 and a lower limit value (D 0 ) th1 that determine a predetermined range centered on the zero point fixed value D 0 .
- the noise determination processing unit 38 determines that the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the three smoke received light values D S1 , D S2 , and D S3 detected by the received light signal detection unit 34 is a predetermined threshold value ⁇ D S. In the above case, it is determined that noise is mixed.
- FIG. 7A and 7B show an example of noise determination in the third noise determination mode.
- FIG. 7A shows smoke received light values D S1 , D S2 , and D S3 in the absence of noise, and the difference (D S2 ⁇ D S1 ) between the maximum value D S2 and the minimum value D S1 is less than a predetermined threshold ⁇ D S. The variation is small. In this case, it is not determined that noise is mixed.
- the difference (D S2 -D S1 ) between the maximum value D S2 and the minimum value D S1 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold ⁇ D S. In this case, it is determined that noise is mixed.
- the noise determination processing unit 38 has a difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the three zero light reception values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 detected by the light reception signal detection unit 34 equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. In this case, it is determined that noise is mixed.
- FIG. 8A and 8B show an example of noise determination in the fourth noise determination mode.
- FIG. 8A shows zero-point light receiving values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 without noise, and the difference (D 03 ⁇ D 01 ) between the maximum value D 03 and the minimum value D 01 is less than a predetermined threshold ⁇ D 0 .
- the variation is small. In this case, it is not determined that noise is mixed.
- the noise is mixed, as in FIG. 8B contrast, the difference between the maximum value D 03 and the minimum value D 01 (D 03 -D 01) becomes a predetermined threshold value [Delta] D 0 or more. In this case, it is determined that noise is mixed.
- the noise determination processing unit 38 detects the smoke light reception value D S1 , which is detected next by any of the three zero light reception values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 detected by the light reception signal detection unit 34. If it exceeds D S2 and D S3 , it is determined that noise is mixed.
- FIG. 9A and 9B show an example of noise determination in the fifth noise determination mode.
- FIG. 9A shows zero point light reception values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 and smoke light reception values D S1 , D S2 , D S3 in the absence of noise, 1st D 01 ⁇ D S1 Second time D 02 ⁇ D S2 3rd D 03 ⁇ D S3
- the zero point light reception value is lower than the smoke light reception value. In this case, it is not determined that noise is mixed.
- the smoke detection unit 34 detects smoke as noise removal processing. It is desirable to prohibit the update of the zero-point moving average value (D 0 ) ma in the operation. By prohibiting updating, the zero-point moving average value (D 0 ) ma can be suppressed from being affected by noise.
- the frequency of the noise determination can be increased, and the continuation of the noise removal process based on the noise determination and the cancellation of the noise removal process based on the noise non-determination can be performed quickly.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a smoke detection operation (fire detection operation) executed by the fire detector 10 according to the present embodiment of FIG. 1 according to a program.
- step S ⁇ b> 1 the system is waiting for a sampling command transmitted from the disaster prevention receiving board 12 via the transmission unit 16.
- step S2 when the timing control unit 32 of the control unit 18 determines the reception of the sampling command transmitted from the disaster prevention receiving board 12 three times, that is, when the arrival of the period T0 is detected, the process proceeds to S3, and the smoke detection operation time T2 Set.
- the timing control unit 32 instructs the light receiving / amplifying unit 30 to place the light receiving / amplifying unit 30 in the operating state during the smoke detection operation time T2.
- the LED 26 is driven to emit light.
- the process proceeds to S5, and the light emitted from the infrared LED 26 at the light emission stop timing and the light emission timing three times during the smoke detection operation time T2 is received by the photodiode 28. Then, the AD conversion of the received light signal output from the light receiving amplifying section 30 with the light receiving signal detector 34 detects the zero point light receiving values D 01, D 02, D 03 and smoke received value D S1, D S2, D S3 Hold.
- the process proceeds to S6, in which the noise determination processing unit 38 determines that the noise determination processing unit 38 is based on the zero point received light values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 and the smoke received light values D S1 , D S2 , D S3 detected and held by the received light signal detection unit 34.
- the noise determination process is performed in the first to fifth noise determination modes. If it is determined in S7 that there is no noise from the result of the noise determination process, the process proceeds to S9, and the light reception signal detector 34 detects and holds the zero point received light values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 in the previous period.
- the held zero point moving average value is updated, and the smoke detection value is detected based on the zero point light receiving values D S1 , D S2 , and D S3 and the updated zero point moving average value.
- step S10 the smoke detection value detected in S9 is set to a predetermined fire threshold value. Compare. As a result of this comparison, if the smoke detection value is less than the fire threshold value, the process proceeds to S12, and when the reception of the polling command matching the self address transmitted from the disaster prevention receiving board 12 via the transmission unit 16 is detected, the transmission unit A response signal including the smoke detection value is transmitted to the disaster prevention receiving board 12 by instructing 16.
- the transmission unit 16 is instructed to transmit a fire interruption signal to the disaster prevention receiving board 12, and the search command transmitted from the disaster prevention receiving board 12 based on the reception of the fire interruption signal,
- the transmission part 16 When receiving via the transmission part 16, it instruct
- the process proceeds to S8, and the previous period based on the zero point received light values D 01 , D 02 , D 03 detected and held by the received light signal detection unit 34 as noise removal processing.
- the zero-point moving average value held in is updated, and the process proceeds to S9 to detect smoke based on the zero-point moving average value held in the previous cycle and the three smoke detection values D S1 , D S2 , and D S3 detected this time After detecting the value, the process returns to step S1.
- On-off type fire detector The above-described embodiment is an example of a so-called analog fire detector that performs a smoke detection operation based on a sampling command from the disaster prevention reception board and transmits a smoke detection signal (smoke detection value) to the disaster prevention reception board.
- the fire detector itself performs a smoke detection operation by setting a predetermined smoke detection operation time T2 every predetermined period T0, and when a fire is judged from the smoke detection value, a fire alarm signal is transmitted to the disaster prevention reception board. It is also possible to use a so-called on / off type fire detector that outputs a fire alarm.
- the fire detector according to the above embodiment is provided with a scattered light type smoke detection unit, but as a photoelectric smoke detection unit other than this, a light reduction type that detects attenuation of smoke due to light fire from the light emitting unit.
- the above embodiment takes an example of an equipment configuration in which a fire detector is connected to a disaster prevention receiving board.
- a plurality of relay boards are connected to the disaster prevention receiving board, and the transmission path shown in FIG.
- the same effect can be obtained as an equipment configuration for connecting a plurality of fire detectors.
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Description
(1)すなわち、本発明の一態様に係る火災感知器は、第一の周期毎に設定する所定の煙検出動作時間の間に、発光停止と発光を所定の発光周期で複数回繰り返す発光部と、前記煙検出動作時間の間に、前記発光部から発光された光を受光して受光信号を出力する受光部と、前記煙検出動作時間の各発光停止タイミングに前記受光部が出力する受光信号を零点受光信号として検出すると共に、前記各発光タイミングに前記受光部が出力する受光信号を煙受光信号として検出する受光信号検出部と、前記受光信号検出部で検出された複数回の前記零点受光信号及び複数回の前記煙受光信号に基づいて煙検出信号を検出する煙検出部と、前記複数回の零点受光信号及び前記複数回の煙受光信号に基づいて前記受光信号へのノイズの混入の有無を判定し、前記ノイズが混入していると判定した場合に、ノイズ除去処理を実施するノイズ判定処理部と、を備える。
図1に示すように、本実施形態に係る火災感知器10は、防災受信盤12から引き出した伝送路14に接続されている。火災感知器10は、伝送路14に対し1または複数接続するが、以下では、説明を簡単にするため1台の接続を例にとっている。
防災受信盤12は、伝送路14を介して例えば最大255台の火災感知器10を接続することができ、接続した各火災感知器10には識別用のアドレス1~255を割り当てる。
火災感知器10の制御部18は発光部20と受光部22を制御し、発光部20の発光駆動と受光部22の受光動作によって煙検出信号を検出して火災を判断する煙検出動作(火災検出動作)を行う。
制御部18の受光信号検出部34は、AD変換ポートを備え、図3の(A)に示す発光部20による3回の発光信号42の発光停止タイミングと発光タイミングのそれぞれで受光部22が出力している図3の(C)に示す受光信号を、各時刻t1~t6でAD変換(アナログ-デジタル変換)する。即ち受光信号検出部34は、発光停止タイミングにあたる時刻t1,t3,t5でAD変換した受光信号を、零点受光信号のAD変換値D01,D02,D03として検出して保持し、また発光タイミングにあたる時刻t2,t4,t6でAD変換した受光信号を、煙受光信号のAD変換値DS1,DS2,DS3として検出して保持する。
制御部18の煙検出部36は、受光信号検出部34により検出保持した零点受光値D01,D02,D03と煙受光値DS1,DS2,DS3に基づき煙検出信号としての煙検出値Dを検出する。
{DS1-(D)ma}
{DS2-(D)ma}
{DS3-(D)ma}
を求め、これら差の平均値として煙検出値Dを検出して保持する。
なお、後述するように(D0)maが更新されない場合には、煙受光値DS1,DS2,DS3から零点移動平均値(D0)maを差し引くことにより煙検出値Dを検出してもよい。
制御部18のノイズ判定処理部38は、受光信号検出部34で検出した零点受光値D01,D02,D03と煙受光値DS1,DS2,DS3に基づいてノイズ判定を行う。また、ノイズが混入していると判定した場合に所定のノイズ除去処理を実施する。
第1ノイズ判定モードでは、ノイズ判定処理部38は、受光信号検出部34で検出した3回の零点受光値D01,D02,D03の何れかが、零点移動平均値(D0)maを中心とした所定範囲の上限値以上又は下限値以下の場合に、ノイズが混入していると判定する。この所定範囲は、想定するノイズ強度環境下で、ノイズに起因して感知器が誤作動することなく、且つ、ノイズの無い通常の設置環境下ではノイズを誤検知しない範囲になるように任意に設定することができる。
第2ノイズ判定モードでは、ノイズ判定処理部38は、受光信号検出部34で検出した3回の零点受光値D01,D02,D03の移動平均値が、所定の零点固定値(零点移動平均初期値)を中心とした所定範囲の上限値以上又は下限値以下の場合にノイズが混入していると判定する。
第3ノイズ判定モードでは、ノイズ判定処理部38は、受光信号検出部34で検出した3回の煙受光値DS1,DS2,DS3の最大値と最小値の差が所定の閾値ΔDS以上の場合にノイズが混入していると判定する。
第4ノイズ判定モードでは、ノイズ判定処理部38は、受光信号検出部34で検出した3回の零点受光値D01,D02,D03の最大値と最小値の差が所定の閾値以上の場合にノイズが混入していると判定する。
第5ノイズ判定モードでは、ノイズ判定処理部38は、受光信号検出部34で検出した3回の零点受光値D01,D02,D03の何れかが次に検出した煙受光値DS1,DS2,DS3を上回っている場合にノイズが混入していると判定する。
1回目 D01<DS1
2回目 D02<DS2
3回目 D03<DS3
となって3回とも零点受光値は煙受光値を下回っている。この場合、ノイズが混入していると判定されない。
1回目 D01<DS1
2回目 D02>DS2
3回目 D03<DS3
となり、2回目で零点受光値D02が煙受光値DS2を上回っている。この場合、ノイズが混入していると判定される。
ノイズ判定処理部38は、第1ノイズ判定モード乃至第5ノイズ判定モードの何れか1以上の判定モードによりノイズが混入していると判定した場合、ノイズ除去処理として、煙検出部34の煙検出動作における、零点移動平均値(D0)maの更新を禁止することが望ましい。更新を禁止することで、零点移動平均値(D0)maが、ノイズによる影響を受けることを抑制できる。
図11は、図1の本実施形態に係る火災感知器10がプログラムにより実行する煙検出動作(火災検出動作)の一例を示したフローチャートである。
(ノイズ除去処理)
上記の実施形態にあっては、ノイズを判定した場合のノイズ除去処理として、前周期に算出して保持している零点移動平均値の更新を禁止している。しかし、本発明の本質は、ノイズを判定した場合に、ノイズを含んでいる可能性のある煙検出値による火災判断を防止できれば良い。そのため、零点移動平均値の更新を禁止する以外に、煙検出部による火災判断処理を禁止させたり、火災割込信号の送信を禁止させたりしても良い。
また、上記の実施形態は、防災受信盤からのサンプリングコマンドに基づいて煙検出動作を行って煙検出信号(煙検出値)を防災受信盤へ送信する所謂アナログ型の火災感知器を例にとっている。しかし、火災感知器自身で所定周期T0毎に所定の煙検出動作時間T2を設定して煙検出動作を行い、煙検出値から火災を判断した場合に防災受信盤に火災発報信号を送信して火災警報を出力させる所謂オンオフ型の火災感知器としても良い。
また上記の実施形態に係る火災感知器は散乱光式検煙部を設けているが、これ以外の光電式検煙部として、発光部からの光の火災による煙の減衰を検出する減光式検煙部や、煙流入空間を介して配置した反射板に対し発光部から光を照射しその反射光を受光部で受光して煙を検出する反射式検煙部等を用いてもよい。
また上記の実施形態は防災受信盤に対し火災感知器を接続した設備構成を例にとるが、防災受信盤に対し中継盤を複数接続し、各中継盤に引き出された伝送路に図1のように複数の火災感知器を接続する設備構成としても同様の効果が得られる。
また本発明は上記の実施形態に限定されず、その目的と利点を損なうことのない適宜の変形を含み、更に上記の実施形態に示した数値による限定は受けない。
12 防災受信盤
14 伝送路
16 伝送部
18 制御部
20 発光部
22 受光部
24 発光駆動部
26 赤外LED
28 フォトダイオード
30 受光増幅部
32 タイミング制御部
34 受光信号検出部
36 煙検出部
38 ノイズ判定処理部
Claims (6)
- 第一の周期毎に設定する所定の煙検出動作時間の間に、発光停止と発光を所定の発光周期で複数回繰り返す発光部と;
前記煙検出動作時間の間に、前記発光部から発光された光を受光して受光信号を出力する受光部と;
前記煙検出動作時間の各発光停止タイミングに前記受光部が出力する受光信号を零点受光信号として検出すると共に、前記各発光タイミングに前記受光部が出力する受光信号を煙受光信号として検出する受光信号検出部と;
前記受光信号検出部で検出された複数回の前記零点受光信号及び複数回の前記煙受光信号に基づいて煙検出信号を検出する煙検出部と;
前記複数回の零点受光信号及び前記複数回の煙受光信号に基づいて前記受光信号へのノイズの混入の有無を判定し、前記ノイズが混入していると判定した場合に、ノイズ除去処理を実施するノイズ判定処理部と;
を備えることを特徴とする火災感知器。 - 前記発光周期を、所定のノイズ周波数に対応したノイズ周期とは異なる周期に設定することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の火災感知器。
- 前記ノイズ判定処理部は、
前記複数回の零点受光信号の何れかが、所定の零点移動平均値を中心とした所定範囲の上限値以上又は下限値以下の場合に、前記ノイズが混入していると判定する第1ノイズ判定モードと;
前記複数回の零点受光信号の移動平均値が、所定の零点固定値を中心とした所定範囲の上限値以上又は下限値以下の場合に前記ノイズが混入していると判定する第2ノイズ判定モードと;
前記複数回の煙受光信号の最大値と最小値の差が所定の閾値以上の場合に前記ノイズが混入していると判定する第3ノイズ判定モードと;
前記複数回の零点受光信号の最大値と最小値の差が所定の閾値以上の場合に前記ノイズが混入していると判定する第4ノイズ判定モードと;
前記複数回の零点受光信号の何れかが、次に検出した前記煙受光信号を上回っている場合に前記ノイズが混入していると判定する第5ノイズ判定モードと;
を備え、
前記ノイズ判定処理部は、前記第1ノイズ判定モードから前記第5ノイズ判定モードの1又は複数の組合せに基づいて前記ノイズが混入していると判定した場合に、前記ノイズ除去処理を実施する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の火災感知器。 - 前記煙検出部は、前周期までに検出した所定数の零点受光信号から算出して保持している第一の零点移動平均値を、前記複数回の零点受光信号に基づいて第二の零点移動平均値として更新すると共に、この第二の零点移動平均値と前記複数回の煙受光信号に基づいて前記煙検出信号を検出し;
前記ノイズ判定処理部は、ノイズが混入していると判定した場合に、前記煙検出部の、前記第一の零点移動平均値の更新を禁止するノイズ除去処理を実施する;
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の火災感知器。 - 前記ノイズ判定処理部は、ノイズが混入していると判定した場合に、前記第一の周期をそれより短い第二の周期に変更し;
前記第二の周期に変更した後でかつノイズが混入していると判定しなくなった場合に、前記第二の周期を前記第一の周期に戻す;
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の火災感知器。 - 前記煙検出部は、前記煙検出信号として、前記複数回の煙受光信号のそれぞれから前記第一の零点移動平均値または前記第二の零点移動平均値を差し引いた値の平均値を求めることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の火災感知器。
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