WO2013069546A1 - チーズ原料乳の製造装置及び製造法 - Google Patents
チーズ原料乳の製造装置及び製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013069546A1 WO2013069546A1 PCT/JP2012/078400 JP2012078400W WO2013069546A1 WO 2013069546 A1 WO2013069546 A1 WO 2013069546A1 JP 2012078400 W JP2012078400 W JP 2012078400W WO 2013069546 A1 WO2013069546 A1 WO 2013069546A1
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- milk
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- cream
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C19/00—Cheese; Cheese preparations; Making thereof
- A23C19/097—Preservation
- A23C19/0973—Pasteurisation; Sterilisation; Hot packaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
- A01J11/00—Apparatus for treating milk
- A01J11/06—Strainers or filters for milk
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01J—MANUFACTURE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS
- A01J11/00—Apparatus for treating milk
- A01J11/10—Separating milk from cream
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C3/00—Preservation of milk or milk preparations
- A23C3/02—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating
- A23C3/03—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked
- A23C3/033—Preservation of milk or milk preparations by heating the materials being loose unpacked and progressively transported through the apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/16—Rotary, reciprocated or vibrated modules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
- A23C2210/00—Physical treatment of dairy products
- A23C2210/20—Treatment using membranes, including sterile filtration
- A23C2210/208—Removal of bacteria by membrane filtration; Sterile filtration of milk products
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2315/00—Details relating to the membrane module operation
- B01D2315/02—Rotation or turning
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for producing cheese raw milk from milk by centrifugation and microfilter membrane treatment.
- a microfilter for microfiltration has a structure in which a porous film (hereinafter referred to as “membrane”) is formed on a support.
- membrane a porous film
- milk is solidified with an enzyme such as lactic acid bacteria or rennet to form yogurt, water (whey) is extracted to form a white solid, and further compressed to obtain a cheese raw material.
- an enzyme such as lactic acid bacteria or rennet
- whey water
- white solid white solid
- cheese raw material For cheese production, it is meaningful to reduce the bacterial content of cheese raw milk to about 1/100 of the original value.
- it is particularly important to be able to start with milk with a low bacterial content. It can be a waste product of cheese produced if bacteria are mistakenly cultured. It is not appropriate to heat the milk to a sufficient extent for this sterilization. This is because heat treatment reduces the amount of cheese produced and affects the flocculation time.
- a heat exchanger for heating milk to an appropriate temperature for separation, a centrifuge for centrifuging milk into a cream part and a skim milk part, and a microfilter membrane treatment of the skim milk part.
- a microfilter having a permeate outlet with reduced bacteria content and a retentate outlet containing bacteria that remain without permeation, and a high-temperature heat sterilization unit that sterilizes the mixture of the retentate and cream part, The sterilized mixed solution of the retentate and cream part and the permeate are combined to make cheese raw milk.
- another conventional production of cheese raw milk includes a heat exchanger for heating milk to a temperature suitable for separation, a centrifuge for centrifuging milk into a cream part and a skim milk part, and a skim milk part as a microfilter.
- a microfilter having a membrane treatment and an outlet for permeate with reduced bacteria content and an outlet for retentate containing bacteria that have remained unpermeated, and a pipe that returns from the outlet of the retentate to the milk supply port of the centrifuge
- a high temperature heat sterilization unit for sterilizing the cream part is provided, and the sterilized cream part and the permeate are combined to obtain a cheese raw material milk.
- the high-concentration protein contained in the retentate may be denatured by the high-temperature heat sterilization treatment, which may affect the flavor of the final product cheese. Moreover, a large amount of energy is consumed by the high temperature heat sterilization process.
- the retentate containing bacteria that remain in a high concentration without being permeated is mixed with the raw milk and returned to the centrifuge, the bacteria accumulate in the separator, and the cream part and the skim milk part are also removed. May also contaminate.
- high concentration bacteria are returned, the bacteria removal rate of the centrifuge decreases.
- a larger capacity centrifuge is required.
- the present invention has no high-temperature heat sterilization treatment, no denaturation, does not affect the flavor of cheese, consumes less energy, and bacteria accumulate in the centrifuge and may contaminate the cream part and skim milk part. It is an object of the present invention to provide a cheese raw milk production apparatus and a production method in which the bacteria removal rate of the centrifuge is increased and a large-capacity centrifuge is not required.
- the cheese raw milk production apparatus of the present invention has a raw material supply means for supplying raw milk and a supply port for raw milk, and the raw milk is centrifuged into a cream part and a skim milk part, and an outlet of the cream part and skim milk are obtained.
- a first centrifuge having an outlet and a sludge discharge port, and a supply port for the skim milk unit.
- a microfilter having an outlet and a retentate outlet containing bacteria remaining without being permeated, and a retentate supply port, and centrifuging the retentate into a clean part and a high part of the bacteria
- a second centrifuge having an outlet of the cleaning section and an outlet of the high bacterial content section, and the cleaning section from the outlet of the cleaning section to the supply port of the skim milk section of the microfilter and / or the first centrifugal fraction
- return means returning to the supply port of the machine of raw milk, and a high temperature heat sterilization unit to sterilize the cream portion, characterized in that the cheese raw milk combined with sterile cream portion and permeate.
- raw material milk is supplied from the raw material supply means, the raw material milk is supplied to the supply port of the first centrifuge, and the raw material milk is centrifuged into a cream part and a skim milk part.
- the cream part, the skim milk part outlet and the sludge outlet are discharged respectively, the skim milk part is supplied to the microfilter supply port, the skim milk part is treated with a cross-flow microfilter membrane, and the bacteria content Is separated into a permeated liquid with reduced bacteria and a retentate containing bacteria that remain without being permeated, each is discharged, the retentate is supplied to the supply port of the second centrifuge, and the retentate contains low bacteria Centrifugation into a clean part and a high bacterial content part, discharge the high bacterial content part, and feed the clean part to the supply port of the skim milk part of the microfilter and / or the raw milk of the first centrifuge It returned to the supply port, sterilized cream portion at a high temperature heat sterilization unit, characterized in that the sterilizing cream portion and permeate cheese raw milk together.
- the raw material milk is supplied from the raw material supply means.
- raw milk is milked from cows, goats, sheep and the like.
- the raw material milk is supplied to the supply port of the first centrifuge, the raw material milk is centrifuged into the cream part and the skim milk part, and the cream is discharged from the outlet of the cream part, the outlet of the skim milk part, and the outlet of the sludge.
- Skim milk, sludge Prior to supply to the first centrifuge, temperature adjustment by a heat exchanger or the like, pressure adjustment by a pump or the like, and flow rate adjustment by a valve or the like can be performed.
- the skim milk part is supplied to the supply port of the microfilter, and the skim milk part is treated with a cross-flow microfilter membrane so that it does not permeate with the permeate with reduced bacterial content. And separated into a retentate containing bacteria remaining in the container.
- the microfilter has a supply port for the skim milk part, and the skim milk part is treated with a cross-flow microfilter membrane, so that the outlet of the permeate with a reduced bacteria content and the retentate containing the bacteria remaining without being permeated can be obtained. Has an exit. Skimmed milk from the centrifuge is mixed with skimmed milk powder or cream and used for cheese manufacture. However, skim milk contains bacteria.
- spore-forming bacteria may also contain heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria. Spore-forming bacteria cannot be killed by normal high-temperature short-term sterilization (HTST method, sterilizing at 72 to 78 degrees Celsius for about 15 seconds) downstream of the centrifuge system. If bacteria survive in the final product, they emerge from the spores and begin to operate during storage or treatment at breeding temperature and humidity. Bacteria affect the texture of cheese products and the storage stability of dairy products using skim powder.
- the 2nd centrifuge is provided.
- the retentate is supplied to the supply port of the second centrifuge, and the retentate is centrifuged into a clean part with a low bacterial content and a high bacterial content part.
- the second centrifuge has a retentate supply port, centrifuges the retentate into a clean portion containing a low amount of bacteria and a high content portion of bacteria, and provides an outlet of the clean portion and a discharge port of a high content portion of bacteria.
- the primary purpose of the first centrifuge is to separate skim milk and cream, while the second centrifuge is intended to remove bacteria.
- the second centrifuge that removes bacteria removes, for example, 60-99% of bacteria containing spores by the difference in gravity without heat treatment in the same temperature range as the microfilter.
- the high bacterial content part is discharged, the clean part is supplied to the supply port of the skim milk part of the microfilter, and / or the raw milk of the first centrifuge Return to the supply port.
- This returning means returns the cleaning part from the outlet of the cleaning part to the supply port of the skim milk part of the microfilter and / or to the supply port of the raw milk of the first centrifuge. Since the clean part contains a skim milk part with a very low bacterial content, the treatment liquid is diluted to reduce the load on the centrifuge, and the separation by the first centrifuge and / or the microfilter Membrane filtering can be handled more efficiently.
- the cream portion necessary for returning to the milk fat content as cheese is sterilized by a high-temperature heat sterilization unit.
- a high temperature heat treatment at 121 ° C. is performed, since the cream part has few components that are denatured by heat, damage due to the high temperature heat treatment can be minimized.
- liquid are combined, and it is set as cheese raw material milk.
- cheese raw milk is hardened with an enzyme such as lactic acid bacteria or rennet to form a yogurt, and is then pressed into white to obtain a cheese raw material.
- the production of the cheese raw milk of the present invention has no high-temperature heat sterilization treatment on the skim milk portion, and therefore there is no denaturation to proteins and flavor components, and there is no possibility of affecting the flavor of cheese products.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram showing an embodiment of a cheese raw milk manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention.
- the raw material milk 2 is supplied from the raw material supply means 1 which is a storage tank.
- Raw material milk 2 is milking of dairy cows.
- the raw material milk 2 is supplied to the supply port 4 of the first centrifuge 3, the raw material milk 2 is centrifuged into the cream part 5 and the skim milk part 6, and the outlet 7 of the cream part and the outlet 8 of the skim milk part
- the cream part 5, the skim milk part 6, and the sludge 10 are discharged from the sludge discharge port 9.
- temperature adjustment by a heat exchanger not shown
- pressure adjustment by a pump, etc. and flow rate adjustment by a valve or the like are performed.
- the skim milk part 6 is supplied to the supply port 12 of the microfilter 11, the skim milk part 6 is processed by the cross-flow microfilter membrane (13), and bacteria content is The reduced permeate 14 and the retentate 15 containing bacteria remaining without permeation are separated and discharged.
- the microfilter 11 has a supply port 12 for a skim milk part, and the skim milk part 6 is treated with a cross-flow microfilter membrane 13 so as to remain unpermeated with the outlet 16 of the permeate 14 with a reduced bacterial content. And an outlet 17 for the retentate 15 containing the bacteria.
- the skim milk section 6 from the centrifuge is finally mixed with cream and used for cheese manufacture.
- the skim 6 contains bacteria, and the bacteria are separated into the retentate 15.
- a second centrifuge 18 is provided.
- the retentate 15 is supplied to the supply port 19 of the second centrifuge 18, and the retentate 15 is centrifuged into the clean portion 20 containing low bacteria and the high content portion 21 containing bacteria.
- the second centrifuge 18 has a supply port 19 for the retentate 15, and centrifuges the 15 retentate into a low bacteria-containing cleaning unit 20 and a high bacteria-containing unit 21, and the outlet 22 of the cleaning unit 20 and A discharge port 23 for the high bacteria content portion 21 is provided.
- the primary purpose of the first centrifuge 3 is to separate it into skim milk and cream, whereas the second centrifuge 18 is intended to remove bacteria 21.
- the second centrifuge 18 eliminates 60 to 99% of bacteria containing spores by the difference in gravity without heat treatment in the same temperature range as the microfilter.
- the high bacteria content portion 21 is discharged from the system, and the cleaning portion 20 is supplied to the supply port 12 of the skim milk portion of the microfilter and / or the raw milk of the first centrifuge.
- supply port 4 which supply port is returned to is appropriately changed and selected according to the type of raw milk, skim milk, cheese, and the like.
- the return means consisting of a pipe, a pipe, a valve, etc. is used to supply the cleaning part 20 from the outlet 22 of the cleaning part 20 to the supply port 12 of the skim milk part of the microfilter 11 and / or the raw material of the first centrifuge 3. Return to the milk supply port 4.
- the cleaning unit 20 includes a skim milk unit having an extremely low bacterial content, and thus reduces the load on the processing device (centrifuge, microfilter) returned after diluting the processing liquid.
- the separation by the first centrifuge and / or the filtering of the microfilter membrane is processed more efficiently.
- the cream part 5 required in order to return to the milk fat content as cheese is sterilized by the high-temperature heat sterilization unit 24.
- the high-temperature heat treatment at 121 ° C. is performed, but since there are few components in the cream part that are denatured by heat, damage due to the high-temperature heat treatment can be minimized.
- the sterilized cream part 25 containing milk fat as cheese and the permeate 14 are combined to obtain a cheese raw material milk 26.
- the cheese raw milk 26 is solidified with, for example, an enzyme such as lactic acid bacteria or rennet to form a yoghurt, white solid, and further compressed into a cheese raw material.
- FIG. 2 the prior art example of the manufacturing apparatus of cheese raw material milk is shown.
- the centrifuge 3 that centrifuges the milk 2 into the cream part 5 and the skim milk part 6, and the skim milk part 6 was treated with a microfilter membrane (13) to reduce the bacterial content.
- a microfilter 11 having an outlet 16 of the permeate 14 and an outlet 17 of a retentate 15 containing bacteria that remain without permeation, and a high-temperature heat sterilization unit 24 that sterilizes the mixed liquid of the retentate 15 and the cream portion 5,
- the sterilized liquid mixture 25 of the retentate 15 and the cream portion 5 and the permeate 14 are combined to obtain a cheese raw material milk 26.
- the production of the cheese raw milk of the present invention there is no high-temperature heat sterilization treatment to the retentate of the skim milk part, and therefore there is no denaturation to proteins and flavor components, and the flavor of cheese products There is no risk of impact, and there is no high-temperature heating to the retentate in the skim milk part, resulting in low energy consumption.
- FIG. 3 shows another conventional example of an apparatus for producing cheese raw milk.
- the centrifuge 7 for centrifuging the milk 2 into the cream part 5 and the skim milk part 6, and the skim milk part 6 is treated with a microfilter membrane (13), and the outlet 16 of the permeate 14 with reduced bacterial content.
- the microfilter 11 having the outlet 17 of the retentate 15 containing bacteria remaining without being permeated, the pipe 27 returning from the outlet 17 of the retentate 15 to the milk supply port 4 of the centrifuge 3, and the high temperature for sterilizing the cream part 5
- a heat sterilization unit 24 is provided, and the sterilization cream portion 25 and the permeate 14 are combined to form a cheese raw material milk 26.
- the manufacture of the cheese raw milk of the present invention does not cause the bacteria to accumulate in the centrifuge and contaminate the cream part or the skim milk part, and the bacteria removal rate of the centrifuge is high.
- the manufacture of the cheese raw milk of the present invention does not cause the bacteria to accumulate in the centrifuge and contaminate the cream part or the skim milk part, and the bacteria removal rate of the centrifuge is high.
- Example 10 The examples shown below show how cheese raw materials are produced according to the present invention.
- 10,000 liters / h of milk with a fat content of 4.05% and a protein of 3.47% are fed into the first centrifuge.
- the cream part 1,000 / h with a fat content of 40.00% is taken out therefrom.
- a 9,000 liter / h skimmed milk portion having a fat content of 0.05% and a protein of 3.60% is taken out.
- the skim milk part is supplied to a microfilter, and a permeate 8,550 liter / h with a fat content of 0.04% and a protein of 3.58% is taken out.
- a retentate having a fat content of 0.24% and a protein of 3.98% is taken out.
- the retentate 450 l / h is charged into the second centrifuge.
- the cleaning part is taken out from the second centrifuge, mixed with the skim milk part, and supplied to the microfilter.
- the bacteria high content part is discharged out of the system as sludge from the second centrifuge.
- the cheese portion of the cream portion is sterilized by high temperature heating at 121 ° C.
- the permeate is mixed with the shunt of the heat-treated cream portion and becomes standardized milk for the final product cheese.
- this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, It can change variously based on the meaning of this invention, and does not exclude them from the scope of the present invention.
- This invention can be utilized for manufacture of cheese raw material milk.
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Abstract
Description
細菌を含んだ牛乳を遠心除菌処理する方法には、細菌量が濃厚になつた液を、加熱により滅菌(sterilize)され、遠心分離後の牛乳と再混合される。この処理によつて細菌の約90%が除去される。
マイクロ濾過用のマイクロフィルターは、支持体上に多孔性の膜(以下、「メンブレン」という)が形成された構造を有する。クロスフローによるマイクロ濾過とは、フィルターへの供給液をメンブレンに沿って平行に流し、メンブレンを通過した透過液と通過せずに濃縮される保持液に分離する。
チーズ製造のためには、チーズ原料乳の細菌含有量を当初の値の約1/100に減じることが有意義となる。チーズを製造する場合は、細菌含有量の少ない牛乳から出発しうることが特に重要である。
それは細菌が間違つて培養されると製造されたチーズが廃品となることがある。この殺菌のために牛乳を十分な程度に熱処理することは適当でない。それは、熱処理はチーズの生成量を低減し、また凝集時間に影響するからである。
また、後者の従来の製造では、透過されずに高濃度に残留した細菌を含む保持液を、原料牛乳に混ぜて遠心分離機に戻すので、分離機内に細菌が溜ってクリーム部もスキムミルク部をも汚染させる恐れがある。また、高濃度細菌が戻されるので、遠心分離機のバクテリア(細菌)除去率が低下する。更に、保持液が遠心分離機に戻されるので、より大きな容量の遠心分離機を必要とする。
本発明のチーズ原料乳の製造では、原料供給手段から原料牛乳を供給する。原料牛乳は、本明細書で、牛、ヤギ、羊などからの搾乳である。
次いで、原料牛乳を第1の遠心分離機の供給口に供給し、原料牛乳をクリーム部とスキムミルク部に遠心分離して、クリーム部の出口とスキムミルク部の出口とスラッジの排出口とから、クリーム部、スキムミルク部、スラッジを排出させる。
第1の遠心分離機への供給前に、熱交換器などによる温度調整、ポンプなどによる圧力調整、バルブなどによる流量調整を行うことができる。
マイクロフィルターは、スキムミルク部の供給口を有し、スキムミルク部をクロスフローのマイクロフィルター膜処理して、細菌含有量が低減された透過液の出口と透過されずに残留した細菌を含む保持液の出口を有する。
遠心分離機からのスキムミルクは、脱脂粉乳製造あるいはクリームと混ぜてチーズ製造に使用される。しかし、スキムミルクは、細菌(バクテリア)を含んでいる。また、それらには耐熱性の芽胞形成菌も含まれることもある。芽胞形成菌は、遠心分離システムの下流側にある通常の高温短時間殺菌(HTST法、摂氏72度から78度で15秒間程度殺菌する方法)によって殺すことができない。バクテリアが最終生産物の中で生き残り残った場合、それらは胞子から出て、繁殖温度および湿気で貯蔵所または処理中に活動を始める。バクテリアは、チーズ製品の風合い、スキムパウダーを使用する乳製品の貯蔵安定性に影響を及ぼす。
第2の遠心分離機は、保持液の供給口を有し、保持液を細菌低含有の清浄部と細菌高含有部に遠心分離して、清浄部の出口及び細菌高含有部の排出口を備える。第1の遠心分離機がスキムミルクとクリームとに分離することを主目的にするのに対して、第2の遠心分離機は細菌を取除くことを目的とする。
バクテリアを除去する第2の遠心分離機は、マイクロフィルターと同じ温度範囲で、熱処理すること無く、重力差によって、例えば、胞子を含むバクテリア60~99%を削除する。
この戻し手段は、清浄部の出口からの清浄部をマイクロフィルターのスキムミルク部の供給口に、又は/及び、第1の遠心分離機の原料牛乳の供給口に戻す。
清浄部には、細菌含量が極めて少ないスキムミルク部が含まれているので、処理液を希釈化して遠心分離機の負荷を低減し、第1の遠心分離機による分離を、及び/又は、マイクロフィルター膜のフィルタリングを、より効率的に処理することができる。
例えば、121℃の高温加熱処理が施されるが、熱による変性を受ける成分がクリーム部には少ないために、高温加熱処理によるダメージを最小限に留めることができる。
チーズは、チーズ原料乳を、例えば、乳酸菌やレンネットという酵素で固めてヨーグルト状にし、白い固形状にし、更に圧搾してチーズ原料とする。
上述のように、本発明のチーズ原料乳の製造によって、スキムミルク部への高温加熱滅菌の処理がなく、従って、たんぱく質や風味成分への変性がなく、チーズ製品の風味に影響を与える恐れがなく、スキムミルク部への高温加熱が無いのでエネルギー消費が少なく、第1の遠心分離機内に細菌が溜ってクリーム部もスキムミルク部をも汚染させる恐れがなく、第1の遠心分離機のバクテリア(細菌)除去率が上げ、大容量の第1の遠心分離機を必要としない、チーズ原料乳の製造とすることができる。
図1は、この発明によるチーズ原料乳の製造装置の一実施例を示す概略フロー図である。
実施形態のチーズ原料乳の製造では、貯留用のタンクである原料供給手段1から原料牛乳2を供給する。原料牛乳2は、乳牛の搾乳である。
第1の遠心分離機3への供給前に、図示しない熱交換器による温度調整、ポンプなどによる圧力調整、バルブなどによる流量調整を行う。
遠心分離機からのスキムミルク部6は、最後にクリームと混ぜてチーズ製造に使用される。スキム6は細菌(バクテリア)を含んでいて、保持液15に細菌が分離される。
第2の遠心分離機18は、保持液15の供給口19を有し、15保持液を細菌低含有の清浄部20と細菌高含有部21に遠心分離して、清浄部20の出口22及び細菌高含有部21の排出口23を備える。第1の遠心分離機3がスキムミルクとクリームとに分離することを主目的にするのに対して、第2の遠心分離機18は細菌21を取除くことを目的とする。
第2の遠心分離機18は、マイクロフィルターと同じ温度範囲で、熱処理すること無く、重力差によって、胞子を含むバクテリア60~99%を削除する。
どちらの供給口に戻すかは、原料牛乳、スキムミルク、チーズの種類などに応じて適宜変更選択する。
管路、パイプやバルブなどからなる戻し手段は、清浄部20の出口22からの清浄部20をマイクロフィルター11のスキムミルク部の供給口12に、又は/及び、第1の遠心分離機3の原料牛乳の供給口4に戻す。
この態様では、清浄部20には、細菌含量が極めて少ないスキムミルク部が含まれているので、処理液を希釈化して戻された処理装置(遠心分離機、マイクロフィルター)の負荷を低減する。第1の遠心分離機による分離を、及び/又は、マイクロフィルター膜のフィルタリングを、より効率的に処理する。
この態様では、121℃の高温加熱処理が施されるが、熱による変性を受ける成分がクリーム部には少ないために、高温加熱処理によるダメージを最小限に留めることができる。
チーズは、図示しないフローにおいて、チーズ原料乳26を、例えば、乳酸菌やレンネットという酵素で固めてヨーグルト状にし、白い固形状にし、更に圧搾してチーズ原料とする。
チーズ原料乳の従来の製造には、牛乳2をクリーム部5とスキムミルク部6に遠心分離する遠心分離機3、スキムミルク部6をマイクロフィルター膜(13)処理して、細菌含有量が低減された透過液14の出口16と透過されずに残留した細菌を含む保持液15の出口17を有するマイクロフィルター11、保持液15とクリーム部5との混合液を滅菌する高温加熱滅菌ユニット24を備え、保持液15とクリーム部5との滅菌混合液25と透過液14とを合わせてチーズ原料乳26とする。
上記に比較されるように、本発明のチーズ原料乳の製造によって、スキムミルク部の保持液への高温加熱滅菌の処理がなく、従って、たんぱく質や風味成分への変性がなく、チーズ製品の風味に影響を与える恐れがなく、スキムミルク部の保持液への高温加熱が無いのでエネルギー消費が少ない。
この製造では、牛乳2をクリーム部5とスキムミルク部6に遠心分離する遠心分離機7、スキムミルク部6をマイクロフィルター膜(13)処理して、細菌含有量が低減された透過液14の出口16と透過されずに残留した細菌を含む保持液15の出口17を有するマイクロフィルター11、保持液15の出口17から遠心分離機3の牛乳供給口4に戻すパイプ27、クリーム部5を滅菌する高温加熱滅菌ユニット24を備え、滅菌クリーム部25と透過液14とを合わせてチーズ原料乳26とする。
上記に比較されるように、本発明のチーズ原料乳の製造によって、遠心分離機内に細菌が溜ってクリーム部もスキムミルク部をも汚染させる恐れがなく、遠心分離機のバクテリア(細菌)除去率が上げ、大容量の遠心分離機を必要としない、チーズ原料乳の製造とする。
以下に示す例は、本発明によって、チーズ原料をどのように製造するかを示す。
脂肪含有量4.05%、タンパク質3.47%の牛乳10,000リットル/hを、第1の遠心分離機に供給する。
そこから脂肪含有量40.00%のクリーム部1,000/hを取出す。他方、脂肪含有量0.05%、タンパク質3.60%のスキムミルク部9,000リットル/hを取り出す。
スキムミルク部を、マイクロフィルターに供給し、脂肪含有量0.04%、タンパク質3.58%の透過液8,550リットル/hを取出す。他方、脂肪含有量0.24%、タンパク質3.98%の保持液450リットル/hを取り出す。
保持液450リットル/hは、第2の遠心分離機に装入する。第2の遠心分離機から清浄部を取り出し、スキムミルク部と混ぜ、マイクロフィルターに供給する。
他方、第2の遠心分離機からスラッジとして細菌高含有部を系外に排出する。
クリーム部のチーズ必要分の分流が、121℃の高温加熱で滅菌される。透過液は、加熱処理されたクリーム部の分流と混合され、最終製品チーズ用として標準化牛乳となる。
3 第1の遠心分離機
5 クリーム部
6 スキムミルク部
11 マイクロフィルター
14 透過液
15 保持液
18 第2の遠心分離機
20 清浄部
24 高温加熱滅菌ユニット
26 チーズ原料乳
Claims (2)
- 原料牛乳を供給する原料供給手段と、該原料牛乳の供給口を有し、該原料牛乳をクリーム部とスキムミルク部に遠心分離して、該クリーム部の出口と該スキムミルク部の出口及びスラッジの排出口を備える第1の遠心分離機と、該スキムミルク部の供給口を有し、該スキムミルク部をクロスフローのマイクロフィルター膜処理して、細菌含有量が低減された透過液の出口と透過されずに残留した細菌を含む保持液の出口を有するマイクロフィルターと、該保持液の供給口を有し、該保持液を細菌低含有の清浄部と細菌高含有部に遠心分離して、該清浄部の出口及び該細菌高含有部の排出口を備える第2の遠心分離機と、該清浄部の出口からの該清浄部を該マイクロフィルターの該スキムミルク部の供給口に、又は/及び、該第1の遠心分離機の該原料牛乳の該供給口に戻す戻し手段と、該クリーム部を滅菌する高温加熱滅菌ユニットとを備え、該滅菌クリーム部と該透過液とを合わせてチーズ原料乳とすることを特徴とする、
チーズ原料乳の製造装置。 - 原料供給手段から原料牛乳を供給し、該原料牛乳を第1の遠心分離機の供給口に供給し、該原料牛乳をクリーム部とスキムミルク部に遠心分離して、該クリーム部の出口と該スキムミルク部の出口とスラッジの排出口とからそれぞれを排出させ、該スキムミルク部をマイクロフィルターの供給口に供給し、該スキムミルク部をクロスフローのマイクロフィルター膜処理して、細菌含有量が低減された透過液と透過されずに残留した細菌を含む保持液とに分離し、それぞれを排出させ、該保持液を第2の遠心分離機の供給口に供給し、該保持液を細菌低含有の清浄部と細菌高含有部に遠心分離し、細菌高含有部を排出させ、該清浄部を該マイクロフィルターの該スキムミルク部の該供給口に、又は/及び、該第1の遠心分離機の該原料牛乳の該供給口に戻し、該クリーム部を高温加熱滅菌ユニットで滅菌し、該滅菌クリーム部と該透過液とを合わせてチーズ原料乳とすることを特徴とする、
チーズ原料乳の製造法。
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RU2014118355/10A RU2582257C2 (ru) | 2011-11-07 | 2012-11-01 | Устройство и способ для получения исходного молочного материала для сыра |
US14/356,585 US20140287118A1 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2012-11-01 | Method for producing and device for producing cheese starting material milk |
BR112014010887A BR112014010887A2 (pt) | 2011-11-07 | 2012-11-01 | aparelho para produzir uma matéria-prima láctea para queijo |
DK12847456.6T DK2777389T3 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2012-11-01 | PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SUBSTANTIAL MILK FOR CHEESE |
EP12847456.6A EP2777389B1 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2012-11-01 | Method for producing and device for producing cheese starting material milk |
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US10721940B2 (en) | 2011-07-21 | 2020-07-28 | Kraft Food Group Brands Llc | Methods for reducing viscosity and delaying onset of cold gelation of high solids concentrated milk products |
EP2679098B1 (de) | 2012-06-26 | 2017-08-09 | DMK Deutsches Milchkontor GmbH | Milchpulver mit hohem molkenproteinindex |
DE102014019014B4 (de) | 2014-12-18 | 2020-09-17 | Gea Tds Gmbh | Verfahren und Anlage zur Behandlung von Milch zur Herstellung von Käsereimilch mit einem reduzierten Gehalt an Keimen und Bakterien |
FR3147684A1 (fr) * | 2023-04-12 | 2024-10-18 | Eurial | Procédé de traitement d’un lait pour la fabrication d’un fromage |
WO2024213855A1 (fr) * | 2023-04-12 | 2024-10-17 | Eurial | Procédé de fabrication d'un fromage |
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EP2777389A4 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
DK2777389T3 (en) | 2017-01-09 |
EP2777389A1 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
CN103917088A (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
US20140287118A1 (en) | 2014-09-25 |
RU2582257C2 (ru) | 2016-04-20 |
CN103917088B (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
RU2014118355A (ru) | 2015-12-20 |
EP2777389B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 |
BR112014010887A2 (pt) | 2017-05-02 |
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