WO2013046678A1 - 軸受用造塊材および製造方法 - Google Patents
軸受用造塊材および製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013046678A1 WO2013046678A1 PCT/JP2012/006168 JP2012006168W WO2013046678A1 WO 2013046678 A1 WO2013046678 A1 WO 2013046678A1 JP 2012006168 W JP2012006168 W JP 2012006168W WO 2013046678 A1 WO2013046678 A1 WO 2013046678A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- less
- steel
- segregation
- rolling fatigue
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
- F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
- F16C33/12—Structural composition; Use of special materials or surface treatments, e.g. for rust-proofing
- F16C33/121—Use of special materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bearing ingot material having excellent rolling fatigue life characteristics suitable as a bearing material used in automobiles, wind power generation, transportation machinery, electrical machinery and precision machinery, and other general industrial machinery, and the like. It relates to a manufacturing method.
- High-carbon chromium steel (JIS G4805 standard SUJ2) is often used as steel for this type of bearing.
- bearing steel is one of the important properties that have excellent rolling fatigue life characteristics, but this rolling fatigue life is considered to be reduced by non-metallic inclusions or eutectic carbides in the steel. ing.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a technique for improving the rolling fatigue life characteristics by controlling the central segregation rate of carbon and the oxygen content and sulfur content in the steel.
- high carbon chromium steel contains 0.95% by mass or more of C and is very hard. Although the steel has good wear resistance, segregation that occurs in the center of the slab (hereinafter abbreviated as center segregation). In addition, since a large eutectic carbide is formed in the slab, there is a problem of reducing the rolling fatigue life. Therefore, it is used after punching out the center part of the slab to make it a waste material or by performing a long-time diffusion treatment (hereinafter abbreviated as soaking) and dissipating them sufficiently.
- soaking a long-time diffusion treatment
- Patent Document 4 a specific component composition such as 0.6 to 1.2% by mass, and the longitudinal cross section at the center line of the longitudinal cross section passing through the axis of a linear or rod-shaped rolled material.
- the total cross-sectional area of carbides having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m or more and appearing in the center region within D / 8 (D: width of the vertical cross section) on one side from the axis is included with respect to the vertical cross-sectional area.
- a method of 0.3% or less is disclosed.
- the same document quantitatively reveals the effect of the amount of giant carbides on the rolling fatigue life characteristics, and shows that giant eutectic carbides that lower the rolling fatigue life remain in the steel.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a bearing steel having a specific component composition such as C: 0.50 to 1.50% by mass and Sb: 0.0010 to 0.0150% by mass, less decarburization layer formation, and excellent heat treatment productivity. Yes.
- a specific component composition such as C: 0.50 to 1.50% by mass and Sb: 0.0010 to 0.0150% by mass, less decarburization layer formation, and excellent heat treatment productivity.
- Sb the formation of a decarburized layer of steel is reduced, and the purpose is to improve the heat treatment productivity by omitting the cutting or grinding process after the heat treatment. Careful application is required because of its high toxicity.
- Sb is added, Sb is concentrated in the center segregation part, and the center segregation is deteriorated. In the portion where Sb is concentrated, local hardening occurs, so that a difference in hardness from the base material occurs, which becomes the starting point of rolling fatigue failure, and may cause a decrease in rolling fatigue life.
- Patent Document 6 discloses that the cast material is once rolled into a billet. A method for soaking is disclosed.
- low carbon alloy steel may be used instead of the above-described high carbon chrome steel.
- case-hardened steel is most frequently used after high-carbon chromium steel.
- the case-hardened steel has a C content of 0.23% by mass or less, and appropriate amounts of Mn, Cr, Mo, Ni, etc. are added to obtain the necessary hardenability and mechanical strength, and carburizing from the viewpoint of improving fatigue strength.
- the surface is hardened by carbonitriding.
- a case-hardened steel that can be carburized in a short time is disclosed by setting the activation energy of carbon diffusion in the steel to be 34000 kcal or less.
- Patent Document 8 has a specific chemical composition such as C: 0.1 to 0.45%, the austenite grain size of the carburized layer is 7 or more, and the surface carbon content is 0.9 to 1.5%.
- a technique related to a carburized material excellent in rolling fatigue characteristics having a surface retained austenite amount of 25 to 40% is disclosed.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for suppressing the segregation degree and the generation of coarse non-metallic inclusions in the segregation part, even in the case of bearing steel made of ingot material.
- the inventors have intensively studied the means for solving the above-mentioned problems.
- the additive amount of C, Si, Mn, Cr and Al is optimized with respect to the conventional bearing steel, and the manufacturing conditions are optimized.
- the degree of segregation can be reduced and the formation of coarse non-metallic inclusions can be suppressed.
- Bearing steel with excellent rolling life characteristics which can reduce the segregation degree in the V segregation part and reverse V segregation part, and suppress the formation of coarse non-metallic inclusions, which has been a problem particularly with ingot materials. It was found that can be provided.
- the inventors manufactured bearing steel with varying amounts of C, Si, Mn, Cr, Al, and Mo, and changed the degree of segregation expressed by the following formula (1) with an ingot material, As a result of earnest investigation of the structure and rolling fatigue life characteristics, it was found that even if it is an agglomerated material, the rolling fatigue life characteristics are improved if the component composition and the segregation degree satisfy the predetermined range. . In addition, as a result of manufacturing bearing steels with different forging ratios at the time of forging using ingot materials, and intensive investigation of the structure and rolling fatigue life characteristics, the forging ratios are within the specified range even for ingot materials. If the steel satisfies the above, it has been found that the rolling fatigue life characteristics are improved, and the present invention has been completed.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1.
- the ingot material for a bearing according to 1 above which contains one or two selected from Cu: 0.005% by mass to 0.5% by mass and Ni: 0.005% by mass to 1.00% by mass.
- W 0.001% to 0.5% by mass
- Nb 0.001 mass% or more and 0.1 mass% or less
- Ti 0.001% by mass to 0.1% by mass
- Zr 0.001% by mass or more and 0.1% by mass or less
- V 0.002% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less, containing one or more kinds selected from the above 1 or 2, Ingot-making material for bearings.
- B The agglomerated material for a bearing according to any one of 1 to 3 above, which contains 0.0002 mass% or more and 0.005 mass% or less.
- the steel having the component composition described in any one of 1 to 4 above is made into a slab by an ingot casting method, and then forged at a forging ratio of 2.0 or more, and in a temperature range from 1150 ° C to less than 1350 ° C
- the said forging molding ratio shall be the physical training described in JIS G0701.
- the present invention it is possible to stably produce an agglomerated material for a bearing having a rolling fatigue resistance characteristic far superior to that of a conventional bearing steel. For this reason, it is possible to produce bearing steel having a small cross section to a large cross section, which contributes to an increase in the size of a wind power generator, a transport machine, and other general industrial machines, and has an industrially beneficial effect.
- C 0.56 mass% or more and 0.70 mass% or less
- C is an element effective for increasing the strength of the steel and improving the rolling fatigue life characteristics of the steel.
- C is contained by 0.56 mass% or more.
- the content exceeds 0.70% by mass, giant eutectic carbides are produced during the casting of the material, leading to a reduction in rolling fatigue life.
- the C content is 0.56 mass% or more and 0.70 mass% or less.
- it is 0.56 mass% or more and 0.67 mass% or less.
- Si 0.15% by mass or more and less than 0.50% by mass Si is an element added as a deoxidizer and for enhancing the strength of steel by solid solution strengthening and improving the rolling fatigue life characteristics of steel, In the present invention, 0.15% by mass or more is added. However, addition of 0.50% by mass or more combines with oxygen in the steel and remains in the steel as an oxide, leading to deterioration of rolling fatigue life characteristics. Further, when concentrated in the segregation part, eutectic carbide is easily generated. From the above, the upper limit of Si is set to less than 0.50% by mass. Preferably, they are 0.15 mass% or more and 0.45 mass% or less.
- Mn 0.60% by mass or more and 1.50% by mass or less
- Mn is an element added to improve the hardenability, increase the toughness of the steel, and improve the rolling fatigue life characteristics of the steel material. Add 0.60% by mass or more. However, addition exceeding 1.50% by mass reduces the rolling fatigue life characteristics. Moreover, when it concentrates in a segregation part, it makes it easy to produce
- Cr 0.50% by mass or more and 1.10% by mass or less
- Cr is an element added to increase the toughness of the steel and improve the rolling fatigue life characteristics of the steel.
- 0.50% by mass. Add at least%.
- the upper limit of Cr is 1.10% by mass.
- it is 0.60 mass% or more and 1.10 mass% or less.
- Mo 0.05% by mass or more and 0.5% by mass or less
- Mo is an element that improves hardenability and strength after tempering and improves the rolling fatigue life characteristics of steel, and is added by 0.05% by mass or more.
- addition over 0.5% by mass forms a concentrated layer of Mo in the V segregation, reverse V segregation or central segregation part, worsens the degree of Mo segregation, and lowers the rolling fatigue life resistance of the steel. Therefore, the upper limit of Mo is 0.5% by mass.
- it is 0.05 mass% or more and 0.40 mass% or less.
- P 0.025% by mass or less
- P is a harmful element that lowers the base metal toughness and rolling fatigue life of steel, and is preferably reduced as much as possible.
- P is 0.025 mass% or less.
- it is 0.020 mass% or less.
- S 0.025 mass% or less S exists in steel as MnS which is a nonmetallic inclusion. Since bearing steel has few oxides that are likely to be the starting point of rolling fatigue, the presence of a large amount of MnS, which is likely to be the starting point of rolling fatigue after the oxide, causes a reduction in the rolling fatigue life. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce as much as possible, and in the present invention, it is 0.025% by mass or less. Preferably, it is 0.020 mass% or less. Industrially, it is difficult to make the S content 0%, and the content is often 0.0001% by mass or more.
- Al 0.005% by mass or more and 0.500% by mass or less
- Al is an element added as a deoxidizing agent and as a nitride to refine austenite grains and improve toughness and rolling fatigue life characteristics. It is necessary to add 0.005 mass% or more. However, if added over 0.500 mass%, coarse oxide inclusions will be present in the steel, leading to a reduction in the rolling fatigue life characteristics of the steel. From the above, the upper limit of the Al content is 0.500% by mass. Preferably, it is 0.450 mass% or less.
- O 0.0015% by mass or less
- O combines with Si and Al to form a hard oxide-based non-metallic inclusion, which causes a reduction in rolling fatigue life. Therefore, O should be as low as possible, and should be 0.0015% by mass or less. Preferably, it is 0.0012 mass% or less. Industrially, it is difficult to reduce the O content to 0%, and the content is often 0.0003% by mass or more.
- N 0.0030% by mass or more and 0.015% by mass or less N is combined with Al to form nitride-based nonmetallic inclusions, refines austenite grains, and improves toughness and rolling fatigue life characteristics. Add more. However, if added over 0.015% by mass, a large amount of nitride inclusions are present in the steel, leading to a reduction in rolling fatigue life characteristics. Moreover, since N (free N) which does not produce
- the predicted value of the maximum inclusion diameter at 30000 mm 2 calculated by extreme value statistics is 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the inventors prepared an ingot material in accordance with the component composition shown in Table 1 and the production conditions shown in Table 2.
- the segregation degree of Mo according to the formula (1) (hereinafter also simply referred to as segregation degree), the maximum inclusion diameter, and rolling fatigue life characteristics were investigated.
- the reference steel A-1 is JIS SUJ2 equivalent steel, which is very commonly used as a bearing steel.
- the degree of segregation, the maximum inclusion diameter, and the rolling fatigue life characteristics were carried out by the same test methods as in the examples described later.
- the segregation degree, nonmetallic inclusion diameter and rolling fatigue life characteristics were investigated respectively.
- each test piece was sampled from a portion corresponding to the bottom side of the ingot-making material of the steel piece after forging.
- the predicted value of the maximum inclusion diameter at 30000 mm 2 calculated by extreme value statistics is set to 60 ⁇ m or less. This is because the critical volume in the rolling fatigue test being conducted is equivalent to 30000 mm 2 in terms of area, so here the predicted value of the maximum inclusion diameter at 30000 mm 2 was used.
- the heating temperature 1 in Table 5 is the temperature during the heat treatment of the ingot material for forging and reducing the segregation degree
- the heating temperature 2 is performed after forging to further reduce the segregation degree. This is the temperature during the heat treatment.
- the degree of segregation, the maximum inclusion diameter, and the rolling fatigue life characteristics were carried out by the same test methods as in the examples described later. From this forged steel slab, specimens for observation of non-metallic inclusions and EPMA mapping as shown in FIG.
- each test piece was sampled from a portion corresponding to the bottom side of the ingot-making material of the steel piece after forging.
- the inventors produced bearing steels according to the composition shown in Table 7, and investigated the segregation degree, maximum inclusion diameter, and rolling fatigue life characteristics.
- the degree of segregation, the maximum inclusion diameter, and the rolling fatigue life characteristics were carried out by the same test methods as in the examples described later.
- the segregation degree was changed by changing the Mo amount under the same manufacturing conditions.
- the ingot is made into an ingot of 1350mm x 1250mm cross section (top side) and 1280 x 830mm cross section (bottom side) by the ingot method. And forged for 48 hours at 1270 ° C. Then, it forged to a 650 mm square cross section.
- the segregation degree of Mo, the diameter of non-metallic inclusions and the rolling fatigue life characteristics were investigated respectively.
- each test piece was sampled from a portion corresponding to the bottom side of the ingot-making material of the steel piece after forging.
- Table 8 shows the above survey results. From the table, it can be seen that when the Mo segregation degree is 2.8 or less, the rolling fatigue life characteristics are improved. On the other hand, when the segregation degree exceeds 2.8, the rolling fatigue life characteristics are hardly improved. From the above, it was found that the rolling fatigue life characteristics are improved by setting the segregation degree to 2.8 or less. In addition, when there is no segregation of Mo in the steel, the segregation degree is 1.0, so the lower limit of the segregation degree is preferably 1.0.
- Cr, P, and S can be cited as elements other than Mo as elements that cause segregation that adversely affects the rolling fatigue life. These also need to have a segregation degree of 2.8 or less, but these elements have a higher diffusion rate than Mo. Therefore, if the segregation degree of Mo is 2.8 or less, the segregation degree of these elements is smaller than 2.8. Therefore, we focused only on the segregation degree of Mo and specified this value.
- the present invention even if it is an agglomerated material produced by the ingot-making method, it is possible to suppress the formation of eutectic carbides, so that it is particularly effective when applied to an ingot-made material produced by the ingot-making method. There is. And it becomes possible to respond
- Cu and Ni increase the hardenability and strength after tempering and improve the rolling fatigue life characteristics of steel. It is an element and can be selected and added according to the required strength. In order to obtain such an effect, it is preferable to add 0.005% by mass or more of Cu and Ni. However, if Cu is added in an amount of 0.5% by mass and Ni is added in excess of 1.00% by mass, the machinability of the steel is lowered. Therefore, Cu and Ni are preferably added at the upper limit of 0.5% by mass and 1.00% by mass, respectively. .
- the following components can be further added in addition to the above components in order to increase the strength and improve the rolling fatigue life characteristics of the steel.
- W 0.001 to 0.5 mass%
- Nb 0.001 to 0.1 mass%
- Ti 0.001 to 0.1 mass%
- Zr 0.001 to 0.1 mass%
- V 0.002 to 0.5 mass%
- W or more Nb, Ti, Zr, and V are elements that increase the hardenability and strength of the steel after tempering and improve the rolling fatigue life characteristics of the steel, and should be selected and added according to the required strength. Can do.
- W, Nb, Ti and Zr at 0.001% by mass or more and V at 0.002% by mass or more, respectively.
- W and V are added in amounts exceeding 0.5% by mass, and Nb, Ti, and Zr are added in excess of 0.1% by mass, the machinability of the steel is lowered. Therefore, it is preferable to add these values as the upper limit.
- B 0.0002 to 0.005 mass% B is an element that increases the strength of the steel after tempering by increasing the hardenability and improves the rolling fatigue life characteristics of the steel, and can be added as necessary. In order to acquire this effect, it is preferable to add at 0.0002 mass% or more. However, if adding over 0.005 mass%, the workability deteriorates, so B is preferably added in the range of 0.0002 to 0.005 mass%.
- the components other than the above are Fe and inevitable impurities.
- unavoidable impurities include Sb, Sn, As, Hf, and the like.
- the ingot material for bearing having the above component composition is melted by a known refining method such as a vacuum melting furnace or a converter, and further a degassing step, and then made into a slab by the ingot method.
- the slab is made into a bearing part through a molding process such as rolling and forging. Since segregation of Mo occurs in the center portion of the obtained slab, it is necessary to perform a process for reducing the degree of segregation of Mo to 2.8 or less. As this treatment, the following heat treatment is required.
- Heating temperature 1150 ° C or higher and lower than 1350 ° C
- V segregation segregation in the casting direction
- reverse V segregation segregation in the direction opposite to the casting direction
- the heating temperature is set to 1150 ° C or higher and lower than 1350 ° C.
- they are 1150 degreeC or more and 1300 degrees C or less.
- Heat holding time more than 10 hours
- the segregation degree of Mo, V segregation, and reverse V segregation In order to reduce the degree of segregation, it is effective to raise the heating temperature, but there is a limit. Therefore, heating and holding for over 10 hours is performed to reduce the degree of segregation.
- the heating and holding time is 10 hours or less, the reduction in the degree of segregation is small, and the above effect cannot be obtained. Therefore, in the present invention, the heating and holding time is limited to more than 10 hours. There is no specific upper limit, but in reality it is 100 hours.
- the heat treatment may be performed in a plurality of times, and in this case, the total holding time at 1150 ° C. to less than 1350 ° C. in each heat treatment may be more than 10 hours.
- the slab is hot forged to have a desired cross-sectional shape, but the heat treatment described above may be performed in the slab heating stage (heating before forging) when performing hot forging, Moreover, you may heat-process a slab separately from the heating before forging. Furthermore, you may make it heat-process on said conditions after hot forging.
- the forging ratio is 2.0 or more.
- internal defects such as zaku, which is a gathering of coarse porosity, are likely to occur inside the slab produced by the ingot-making method, and are reduced by hot forging.
- non-metallic inclusions present in the steel are divided and refined.
- the forging ratio is 2.0 or more.
- the wrought ratio is less than 2.0, defects such as coarse zaku and coarse non-metallic inclusions will be present, causing internal cracks in the bearing steel and reducing the rolling fatigue life characteristics. It becomes like this. From the above, it is necessary to perform physical training with a forging ratio of 2.0 or more.
- a preferable wrought molding ratio is 2.5 or more.
- the upper limit does not need to be set, but in reality it is less than 8.0.
- the wrought molding ratio refers to the wrought molding ratio in the actual training described in JISG 0701. That is, it means the ratio A / a between the cross-sectional area A before forging and the cross-sectional area a after forging.
- Maximum inclusion diameter forged steel pieces (T 1/2, T 2 /2) unit (center) and (T 1/2, T 2 /4) section (T 1 T 2 is angularly forging Microstructure observation from side length of steel slab: Fig. 1), or from D / 4 part and D / 2 part (D is the diameter of round-forged steel slab: Fig. 2) so that the cross section in the drawing direction becomes the observation surface 30 samples were taken with an optical microscope at a magnification of 200x and 100 mm 2 (test surface 10 mm x 10 mm in Fig. 3), and the lengths of the minor axis and major axis of each nonmetallic inclusion were measured.
- the maximum inclusion diameter in 30000 mm 2 was calculated by extreme value statistics. Predicted and adopted this.
- the prediction of the maximum inclusion diameter by extreme value statistics is the extreme value described in "Phase II report of the Evaluation Method Study Group for Nonmetallic Inclusions in Bearing Steel" by the Japan Society of Tribology, Type 2 Study Group. Statistical methods were used. Moreover, each test piece was extract
- the degree of segregation was determined using an electron beam microanalyzer (hereinafter referred to as EPMA) using a sample in which the above-described nonmetallic inclusions were evaluated.
- the measurement conditions of EPMA are: Beam diameter: 30 ⁇ m ⁇ , acceleration voltage: 20 kV, current: 4 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 A.
- the line analysis is performed as shown in FIG. 4 on the line including the portion where the Mo intensity value is high in the performed region, and the maximum value C Mo (max) and the average value C Mo (ave) of the Mo intensity are obtained. Asked.
- the segregation degree was defined as the ratio C Mo (max) / C Mo (ave) between the maximum value and the average value of the strength.
- the rolling fatigue life characteristics are preferably evaluated by actually using forging, cutting, quenching / tempering, and actually using it, but this requires a long time for evaluation. Therefore, the rolling fatigue life characteristics were evaluated by a radial type rolling fatigue life tester.
- Billet after forging (T 1/2, T 2 /4) section (T 1 T 2 is the length of the side of the square forged steel pieces: 5), or D / 4 parts (D is the round forging From the diameter of the steel slab: Fig.
- a 60mm ⁇ x 5.3mm disc was cut out, heated to 950 ° C and held for 20 minutes, quenched with oil at 25 ° C, and then heated to 170 ° C and held for 1.5 hours
- the test surface was mirror-finished by performing surface polishing on a 60 mm ⁇ ⁇ 5 mm disk.
- the test piece thus obtained was subjected to a rolling fatigue test using a thrust rolling fatigue tester so that the steel ball rolls on a circumference of about 38 mm in diameter and a maximum contact stress of 5.8 GPa is applied. Provided.
- each test piece was sampled from a portion corresponding to the bottom side of the ingot-making material of the steel piece after forging.
- B 10 life For the evaluation, the number of stress loads until peeling occurred on the test piece was determined for 10 to 15 test pieces, and was arranged using the Weibull paper in relation to the cumulative failure probability and the number of stress loads. cumulative failure probability of 10% (hereinafter, referred to as B 10 life) were determined.
- the B 10 life criteria steel For (A-1 SUJ2 equivalent steel), when improved by 10% or more, rolling fatigue life characteristics is determined to have increased.
- Table 11 shows the results of the segregation degree, non-metallic inclusion diameter, and rolling fatigue life characteristic test.
- Steels of No. D-1 to D-7, D-12 to D-16 and D-26 to D-31 satisfying the component composition and segregation degree C Mo (max) / C Mo (ave) according to the present invention are It can be seen that the segregation degree and non-metallic inclusions are also controlled within the scope of the present invention and have good rolling fatigue life characteristics.
- steels No. D-23 to D-25 whose production conditions do not satisfy the scope of the present invention even when the component composition is within the scope of the present invention have a large degree of segregation or non-metallic inclusions.
- the rolling fatigue life characteristics are hardly improved.
- the steels of Nos. D-8 to D-11 and D-17 to D-22 whose component compositions do not satisfy the scope of the present invention are resistant to rolling fatigue even if the production conditions are within the scope of the present invention. It can be seen that the life characteristics are hardly improved.
- bearing steel excellent in rolling fatigue life characteristics can be manufactured by an inexpensive method by the ingot method, and an industrially very valuable bearing steel can be provided.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1および2などに提案があり、これらは、鋼中の酸化物系非金属介在物の組成、形状あるいは分布状態をコントロールする技術であるが、非金属介在物の少ない軸受鋼を製造するには、高価な溶製設備あるいは従来設備の大幅な改造が必要であり、経済的な負担が大きいという問題がある。
また、軸受鋼の用途によっては大断面化が必要になるため、浸炭あるいは浸炭窒化を行う設備の大幅な改造が必要であり、経済的な負担が大きいことも問題となる。
そこで、本発明は、造塊材による軸受鋼にあっても、上記した偏析部における偏析度や粗大な非金属介在物の生成を抑制する方途について提供することを目的とする。
すなわち、発明者らは、C、Si、Mn、Cr、AlおよびMo量を変化させ、かつ後述の(1)式で表される偏析度を変化させた軸受鋼を造塊材で製作し、その組織および転動疲労寿命特性を鋭意調査した結果、造塊材であっても成分組成および偏析度が所定の範囲を満足する鋼であれば、転動疲労寿命特性が向上することを見出した。また、鍛造時の鍛錬成形比を変化させた軸受鋼を造塊材で製作し、その組織および転動疲労寿命特性を鋭意調査した結果、造塊材であっても鍛錬成形比が所定の範囲を満足する鋼であれば、転動疲労寿命特性が向上することを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
1.C:0.56質量%以上0.70質量%以下、
Si:0.15質量%以上0.50質量%未満、
Mn:0.60質量%以上1.50質量%以下、
Cr:0.50質量%以上1.10質量%以下、
Mo:0.05質量%以上0.5質量%以下、
P:0.025質量%以下、
S:0.025質量%以下、
Al:0.005質量%以上0.500質量%以下、
O:0.0015質量%以下および
N:0.0030質量%以上0.015質量%以下
を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物の成分組成を有し、下記(1)式にて定義される偏析度が2.8以下であり、さらに極値統計によって算出される30000mm2における最大介在物径の予測値が60μm以下であることを特徴とする軸受用造塊材。
記
CMo(max)/CMo(ave)≦2.8 …(1)
但し、CMo(max)はMoの強度値の最大値、並びにCMo(ave)はMoの強度値の平均値
Cu:0.005質量%以上0.5質量%以下および
Ni:0.005質量%以上1.00質量%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種または2種を含有することを特徴とする前記1に記載の軸受用造塊材。
W:0.001質量%以上0.5質量%以下、
Nb:0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下、
Ti:0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下、
Zr:0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下および
V:0.002質量%以上0.5質量%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする前記1または2のいずれかに記載の軸受用造塊材。
B:0.0002質量%以上0.005質量%以下
を含有することを特徴とする前記1から3のいずれかに記載の軸受用造塊材。
ここで、上記鍛錬成形比は、JIS G0701に記載の実体鍛錬とする。
まず、本発明の軸受鋼における成分組成の各成分含有量の限定理由から順に説明する。
C:0.56質量%以上0.70質量%以下
Cは、鋼の強度を高め、鋼の転動疲労寿命特性を向上するのに有効な元素であり、本発明では0.56質量%以上含有させる。一方、0.70質量%を超えて含有すると、素材の鋳造中に巨大共晶炭化物が生成し、転動疲労寿命の低下を招く。以上のことから、C量は0.56質量%以上0.70質量%以下とする。好ましくは、0.56質量%以上0.67質量%以下である。
Siは、脱酸剤として、また、固溶強化により鋼の強度を高め、鋼の耐転動疲労寿命特性を向上するために添加される元素であり、本発明では、0.15質量%以上添加する。しかし、0.50質量%以上の添加は、鋼中の酸素と結合し、酸化物として鋼中に残存して転動疲労寿命特性の劣化を招く。さらに、偏析部に濃化した場合には、共晶炭化物を生成し易くする。以上のことから、Siの上限は0.50質量%未満とする。好ましくは、0.15質量%以上0.45質量%以下である。
Mnは、焼入れ性を向上し、鋼の強靭性を高め、鋼材の耐転動疲労寿命特性を向上するために添加される元素であり、本発明では、0.60質量%以上添加する。しかし、1.50質量%を超える添加は、転動疲労寿命特性を低下させる。また、偏析部に濃化した場合には、非金属介在物を生成し易くする。以上のことから、Mnの上限は1.50質量%とする。好ましくは、0.60質量%以上1.45質量%以下である。
Crは、Mnと同様に鋼の強靭性を高め、鋼材の耐転動疲労寿命特性を向上するために添加される元素であり、本発明では、0.50質量%以上添加する。しかし、1.10質量%を超える添加は、共晶炭化物を生成させ易くして、転動疲労寿命特性を低下させるため、Crの上限は1.10質量%とする。好ましくは、0.60質量%以上1.10質量%以下である。
Moは、焼入れ性や焼戻し後の強度を高め、鋼の転動疲労寿命特性を向上する元素であり、0.05質量%以上添加する。しかし、0.5質量%を超える添加は、V偏析、逆V偏析あるいは中心偏析部にMoの濃化層を形成し、Moの偏析度を悪化させ、鋼材の耐転動疲労寿命特性の低下をまねくため、Moの上限は0.5質量%とする。好ましくは、0.05質量%以上0.40質量%以下である。
Pは、鋼の母材靭性、転動疲労寿命を低下させる有害な元素であり、できるかぎり低減することが好ましい。特に、Pの含有量が0.025質量%を超えると、母材靭性および転動疲労寿命の低下が大きくなる。よって、Pは0.025質量%以下とする。好ましくは、0.020質量%以下である。なお、工業的にはP含有量を0%とすることは困難であり、0.002質量%以上含有されることが多い。
Sは、非金属介在物であるMnSとして鋼中に存在する。軸受鋼は転動疲労の起点となり易い酸化物が少ないため、酸化物に次いで転動疲労の起点となり易いMnSが鋼中に多量に存在すると転動疲労寿命の低下を招く。従って、できるかぎり低減することが好ましく、本発明では、0.025質量%以下とする。好ましくは、0.020質量%以下である。なお、工業的にはS含有量を0%とすることは困難であり、0.0001質量%以上含有されることが多い。
Alは、脱酸剤として、また、窒化物として生成させオーステナイト粒を微細化し、靭性並びに転動疲労寿命特性を向上させるために添加される元素であり、0.005質量%以上添加する必要がある。しかし、0.500質量%を超えて添加すると、粗大な酸化物系介在物が鋼中に存在するようになり、鋼の転動疲労寿命特性の低下を招く。以上のことから、Al含有量の上限は0.500質量%とする。好ましくは、0.450質量%以下である。
Oは、SiやAlと結合し、硬質な酸化物系非金属介在物を形成するため、転動疲労寿命の低下を招く。従って、Oは可能な限り低い方が良く、0.0015質量%以下とする。好ましくは、0.0012質量%以下である。なお、工業的にはO含有量を0%とすることは困難であり、0.0003質量%以上含有されることが多い。
Nは、Alと結合して窒化物系非金属介在物を形成し、オーステナイト粒を微細化し、靭性並びに転動疲労寿命特性を向上させるため、0.0030質量%以上添加する。しかし、0.015質量%を超えて添加すると、窒化物系介在物が鋼中に多量に存在するため、転動疲労寿命特性の低下を招く。また、鋼中で窒化物として生成しないN(フリーN)が多量に存在するようになり、靭性の低下を招くため、N含有量の上限は0.015質量%とする。好ましくは、0.010質量%以下とする。
次に、発明者らは、表1に示す成分組成、表2に示す製造条件に従って造塊材を作製し、上記した式(1)に従うMoの偏析度(以下、単に偏析度ともいう)、最大介在物径および転動疲労寿命特性を調査した。なお、基準鋼A-1は軸受鋼として非常に一般的に使用されている、JIS SUJ2相当鋼である。偏析度、最大介在物径および転動疲労寿命特性は、後述の実施例と同様の試験方法で実施した。鍛造後の鋼片から、図1に示すように非金属介在物観察用およびEPMAマッピング用の試験片を、ならびに図5に示すように転動疲労試験片を、それぞれ採取し、後述する試験法で偏析度、非金属介在物径ならびに転動疲労寿命特性をそれぞれ調査した。
ここで、試験片は、それぞれ鍛造後の鋼片の、造塊材のボトム側に相当する部分から採取した。
また、発明者らは、表4に示す成分組成並びに表5に示す製造方法に従って軸受鋼を作製し、偏析度、最大介在物径および転動疲労寿命特性を調査した。なお、表5における加熱温度1は、鍛造を行うため、かつ偏析度低減のための造塊材の加熱処理時の温度であり、加熱温度2は、偏析度をさらに低減するために鍛造後に行った加熱処理時の温度である。偏析度、最大介在物径および転動疲労寿命特性は、後述の実施例と同様の試験方法で実施した。この鍛造後の鋼片から、図1に示すように非金属介在物観察用およびEPMAマッピング用試験片を、ならびに図5に示すように転動疲労試験片を、それぞれ採取し、後述する試験法で偏析度、非金属介在物径ならびに転動疲労寿命特性をそれぞれ調査した。
ここで、試験片は、それぞれ鍛造後の鋼片の、造塊材のボトム側に相当する部分から採取した。
Cu:0.005~0.5質量%およびNi:0.005~1.00質量%のうちから選ばれる1種または2種
CuおよびNiは、焼入れ性や焼戻し後の強度を高め、鋼の転動疲労寿命特性を向上する元素であり、必要とする強度に応じて選択して添加することができる。このような効果を得るためには、CuおよびNiは0.005質量%以上添加することが好ましい。しかし、Cuは0.5質量%、Niは1.00質量%を超えて添加すると、却って鋼の被削性が低下するため、CuおよびNiは0.5質量%および1.00質量%をそれぞれ上限として添加することが好ましい。
W:0.001~0.5質量%、Nb:0.001~0.1質量%、Ti:0.001~0.1質量%、Zr:0.001~0.1質量%およびV:0.002~0.5質量%のうちの1種または2種以上
W、Nb、Ti、ZrおよびVは、いずれも焼入れ性や焼戻し後の鋼の強度を高め、鋼の転動疲労寿命特性を向上する元素であり、必要とする強度に応じて選択して添加することができる。このような効果を得るためには、W、Nb、TiおよびZrは、それぞれ0.001質量%以上、Vは0.002質量%以上で添加することが好ましい。しかし、WおよびVは0.5質量%、Nb、Ti、Zrは0.1質量%を超えて添加すると、却って鋼の被削性が低下するため、これらの値を上限として添加することが好ましい。
Bは、焼入れ性の増大により焼戻し後の鋼の強度を高め、鋼の転動疲労寿命特性を向上する元素であり、必要に応じて添加することができる。この効果を得るためには、0.0002質量%以上で添加することが好ましい。しかし、0.005質量%を超えて添加すると、加工性が劣化するため、Bは0.0002~0.005質量%の範囲で添加することが好ましい。
上記の成分組成を有する軸受用造塊材は、真空溶解炉または転炉、さらには脱ガス工程などの公知の精錬法にて溶製し、次いで、造塊法によって鋳片とされる。鋳片は、さらに圧延、鍛造等の成形工程を経て軸受部品とされる。
得られた鋳片の中心部にはMoの偏析が生じているので、上述したMoの偏析度を2.8以下にまで低減させるための処理を行う必要がある。この処理として、以下に示す加熱処理が必要である。
鋼の転動疲労寿命特性向上のために、中心偏析部でのMoの偏析度を低減する必要がある。また、造塊法にて鋳造した場合には、鋳片の中央付近には、鋳造方向の偏析(V偏析)、鋳造方向と逆方向の偏析(逆V偏析)が生じやすいが、所定条件で加熱を行うことにより、この偏析を低減させることもできる。加熱温度が1150℃未満の場合、偏析度の低減が小さく、上記効果を得ることができない。加熱温度が1350℃以上になると、偏析度が大きい部分で溶融が起こり、鋼材に割れが発生する。以上のことから加熱温度は1150℃以上1350℃未満とする。好ましくは、1150℃以上1300℃以下である。
前述したとおり、鋼の転動疲労寿命特性向上のためには、Moの偏析度および、V偏析、逆V偏析を低減する必要がある。偏析度の低減のためには、加熱温度を高くすることが効果的であるが限界がある。したがって、10時間超の加熱保持を行い、偏析度を低減する。加熱保持時間が10時間以下の場合、偏析度の低減が小さく、上記した効果を得ることができない。そのために、本発明では、加熱保持時間を10時間超に限定した。上限はとくに定める必要はないが、現実的には100時間である。
なお、加熱処理を複数回に分けて行ってもよく、この場合、各加熱処理における1150℃以上1350℃未満での保持時間の合計時間が10時間超となればよい。また、鋳片には熱間鍛造を行って所望の断面形状とされるが、上記した加熱処理は熱間鍛造を行うにあたっての鋳片の加熱段階(鍛造前加熱)で行ってもよいし、また、鍛造前加熱とは別に鋳片に加熱処理を行ってもよい。さらに、熱間鍛造後に上記の条件で加熱処理を行うようにしてもよい。
なお、鍛錬成形比とは、JISG 0701に記載の実体鍛錬における鍛錬成形比のことを指す。すなわち、鍛造前の断面積Aと鍛造後の断面積aとの比A/aを意味する。
最大介在物径は、鍛造した鋼片の(T1/2,T2/2)部(中心部)および(T1/2,T2/4)部(T1=T2は角鍛造した鋼片の辺の長さ:図1)、あるいはD/4部およびD/2部(Dは丸鍛造した鋼片の直径:図2)から延伸方向断面が観察面になるようにミクロ組織観察用サンプルを採取し、光学顕微鏡にて倍率200倍で100mm2の観察(図3の被検面10mm×10mm)を30個行って、それぞれにおける非金属介在物の短軸および長軸の長さを測定し、{(短軸長さ)×(長軸長さ)}1/2により介在物径に換算し、これら測定値に基づいて、極値統計により30000mm2中の最大介在物径を予測し、これを採用した。ここで、極値統計による最大介在物径の予測は、日本トライポロジー学会第2種研究会による「軸受鋼における非金属介在物の評価法研究会フェーズII報告書」に記載されている、極値統計法を用いた。また、試験片はそれぞれ、鍛造後の鋼片の、造塊材のボトム側に相当する部分から採取した。
偏析度は、上記した非金属介在物を評価したサンプルを用いて、電子線マイクロアナライザ(以下、EPMAと示す)を利用して求めた。EPMAの測定条件は、ビーム径:30μmφ、加速電圧:20kV、電流:4×10-7Aにて、図3に示すように、サンプルの中央部6mm×6mmの面分析を行い、面分析を行った領域のうち、Mo強度値が高い部分を含む線上にて図4に示すようにライン分析を実施し、Moの強度の最大値CMo(max)と平均値CMo(ave)とを求めた。また、その強度の最大値と平均値との比CMo(max)/CMo(ave)をもって、偏析度と定義した。
転動疲労寿命特性は、実際に鍛造、切削、焼入れ・焼戻しを行い、実際に使用して評価するのが好ましいが、これでは、評価に長時間を有する。そのため、転動疲労寿命特性の評価は、ラジアル型の転動疲労寿命試験機により評価した。鍛造後の鋼片の(T1/2,T2/4)部(T1=T2は角鍛造した鋼片の辺の長さ:図5)、あるいはD/4部(Dは丸鍛造した鋼片の直径:図6)より、60mmφ×5.3mmの円盤を切り出し、950℃に加熱後20分保持し、25℃の油にて焼入れを行い、その後、170℃に加熱後1.5時間保持する焼戻しを行い、60mmφ×5mmの円盤に平面研磨を行い試験面を鏡面に仕上げた。かくして得られた試験片は、スラスト転動疲労試験機を用いて、直径約38mmの円周上を鋼球が転がるようにし、5.8GPaのヘルツ最大接触応力がかかるようにして転動疲労試験に供した。ここで、試験片は、それぞれ鍛造後の鋼片の、造塊材のボトム側に相当する部分から採取した。
Claims (5)
- C:0.56質量%以上0.70質量%以下、
Si:0.15質量%以上0.50質量%未満、
Mn:0.60質量%以上1.50質量%以下、
Cr:0.50質量%以上1.10質量%以下、
Mo:0.05質量%以上0.5質量%以下、
P:0.025質量%以下、
S:0.025質量%以下、
Al:0.005質量%以上0.500質量%以下、
O:0.0015質量%以下および
N:0.0030質量%以上0.015質量%以下
を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物の成分組成を有し、下記(1)式にて定義される偏析度が2.8以下であり、さらに極値統計によって算出される30000mm2における最大介在物径の予測値が60μm以下であることを特徴とする軸受用造塊材。
記
CMo(max)/CMo(ave)≦2.8 …(1)
但し、CMo(max)はMoの強度値の最大値、並びにCMo(ave)はMoの強度値の平均値 - 上記成分組成に加えて、さらに、
Cu:0.005質量%以上0.5質量%以下および
Ni:0.005質量%以上1.00質量%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種または2種を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の軸受用造塊材。 - 上記成分組成に加えて、さらに、
W:0.001質量%以上0.5質量%以下、
Nb:0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下、
Ti:0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下、
Zr:0.001質量%以上0.1質量%以下および
V:0.002質量%以上0.5質量%以下
のうちから選ばれる1種または2種以上を含有することを特徴とする請求項1または2のいずれかに記載の軸受用造塊材。 - 上記成分組成に加えて、さらに、
B:0.0002質量%以上0.005質量%以下
を含有することを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の軸受用造塊材。 - 請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の成分組成を有する鋼を、造塊法にて鋳片とし、その後、鍛錬成形比が2.0以上になる鍛造、および、1150℃以上1350℃未満の温度域で10時間超加熱する加熱処理を行うことを特徴とする軸受用造塊材の製造方法。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013527809A JP5433111B2 (ja) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-27 | 軸受用造塊材および製造方法 |
US14/347,386 US9732395B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-27 | Ingot for bearing and production process |
EP12835952.8A EP2762587B1 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-27 | Ingot for bearing and production process |
CN201280047872.2A CN103827337B (zh) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-27 | 轴承用铸锭材料及制造方法 |
KR1020197012282A KR102127626B1 (ko) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-27 | 베어링용 조괴재 및 제조 방법 |
KR1020147007914A KR102011531B1 (ko) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-27 | 베어링용 조괴재 및 제조 방법 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011-218229 | 2011-09-30 | ||
JP2011218229 | 2011-09-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2013046678A1 true WO2013046678A1 (ja) | 2013-04-04 |
Family
ID=47994755
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2012/006168 WO2013046678A1 (ja) | 2011-09-30 | 2012-09-27 | 軸受用造塊材および製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9732395B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2762587B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP5433111B2 (ja) |
KR (2) | KR102011531B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103827337B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013046678A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106834955A (zh) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-06-13 | 芜湖市永帆精密模具科技有限公司 | 一种高强度轴承钢球及其制备方法 |
CN106834956A (zh) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-06-13 | 芜湖市永帆精密模具科技有限公司 | 一种耐磨轴承钢球及其制备方法 |
CN106636942A (zh) * | 2016-11-09 | 2017-05-10 | 芜湖市永帆精密模具科技有限公司 | 一种抗滚动疲劳轴承钢球及其制备方法 |
CN106811688A (zh) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-06-09 | 芜湖市永帆精密模具科技有限公司 | 一种中碳高铬抗裂耐磨钢球及其制备方法 |
CN108193017B (zh) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-08-11 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 一种加锆高碳、微合金化的高强度碳素纯净钢及制备方法 |
CN108149133B (zh) * | 2017-12-08 | 2020-12-18 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 一种加硼高碳、微合金化的高强度碳素纯净钢及制备方法 |
CN108300934B (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-06-30 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 一种加硼高碳纯净钢电弧炉冶炼制备方法 |
CN108220769B (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-06-09 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 一种加锆高碳纯净钢中频感应炉冶炼制备方法 |
CN108300933B (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-05-12 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 一种加锆高碳纯净钢真空感应炉冶炼制备方法 |
CN108220770B (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-06-23 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 一种加硼高碳纯净钢真空感应炉冶炼制备方法 |
CN108220771B (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-06-09 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 一种加锆高碳纯净钢电弧炉冶炼制备方法 |
CN108220772B (zh) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-06-23 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 一种加硼高碳纯净钢中频感应炉冶炼制备方法 |
WO2020090739A1 (ja) * | 2018-10-31 | 2020-05-07 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 軟窒化用鋼および軟窒化部品並びにこれらの製造方法 |
CN112813363B (zh) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-04-08 | 洛阳Lyc轴承有限公司 | 一种用于风电偏航、变桨轴承的轴承钢及其制备方法 |
CN114182078A (zh) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-15 | 上海电气上重铸锻有限公司 | 一种高强度奥氏体轴类大锻件的制备方法 |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01306542A (ja) | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-11 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | 介在物組成を制御した軸受用鋼 |
JPH0375312A (ja) | 1989-08-17 | 1991-03-29 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 軸受鋼のソーキング法 |
JPH03126839A (ja) | 1989-10-11 | 1991-05-30 | Nippon Seiko Kk | 軸受用鋼及び転がり軸受 |
JPH05117804A (ja) * | 1991-10-24 | 1993-05-14 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 加工性および転動疲労性に優れた軸受用鋼 |
JPH05271866A (ja) | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-19 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 軸受用鋼 |
JPH07127643A (ja) | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-16 | Nippon Seiko Kk | 転がり軸受 |
JPH09165643A (ja) * | 1995-12-12 | 1997-06-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 転動疲労特性に優れた軸受鋼 |
JP4050829B2 (ja) | 1998-07-30 | 2008-02-20 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 転動疲労特性に優れた浸炭材 |
JP4066903B2 (ja) | 2003-07-18 | 2008-03-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 短時間で浸炭可能な肌焼鋼および浸炭部品 |
JP2012072485A (ja) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-04-12 | Jfe Steel Corp | 転動疲労寿命特性に優れた軸受鋼、軸受用造塊材並びにそれらの製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3007834U (ja) | 1994-08-12 | 1995-02-28 | 節子 江成 | バケツ用ごみこしネット |
US6419646B1 (en) | 2000-04-10 | 2002-07-16 | Cervilenz | Devices and methods for cervix measurement |
JP4631618B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-31 | 2011-02-16 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 疲労特性に優れた軸受用鋼部品の製造方法 |
JP5338188B2 (ja) | 2007-10-31 | 2013-11-13 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | 合金工具鋼及びその製造方法 |
JP5463662B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-10 | 2014-04-09 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 転動疲労特性に優れた軸受鋼およびその製造方法 |
JP2009272929A (ja) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-11-19 | Canon Inc | 映像符号化装置および映像符号化方法 |
JP2010194919A (ja) * | 2009-02-26 | 2010-09-09 | Seiko Epson Corp | ワイピング装置および液体噴射装置 |
JP2010242668A (ja) * | 2009-04-08 | 2010-10-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | 気体燃料噴射弁 |
JP5025710B2 (ja) * | 2009-11-06 | 2012-09-12 | ユニバーサル造船株式会社 | 帆走装置および帆船 |
CN102639735A (zh) | 2009-11-30 | 2012-08-15 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 轴承用模铸材以及轴承用钢的制造方法 |
US20130017117A1 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2013-01-17 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Bearing steel |
US20160184538A1 (en) | 2013-08-12 | 2016-06-30 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Detecting the fit of a patient interface device |
-
2012
- 2012-09-27 KR KR1020147007914A patent/KR102011531B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-09-27 EP EP12835952.8A patent/EP2762587B1/en active Active
- 2012-09-27 US US14/347,386 patent/US9732395B2/en active Active
- 2012-09-27 KR KR1020197012282A patent/KR102127626B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-09-27 JP JP2013527809A patent/JP5433111B2/ja active Active
- 2012-09-27 CN CN201280047872.2A patent/CN103827337B/zh active Active
- 2012-09-27 WO PCT/JP2012/006168 patent/WO2013046678A1/ja active Application Filing
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH01306542A (ja) | 1988-05-31 | 1989-12-11 | Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd | 介在物組成を制御した軸受用鋼 |
JPH0375312A (ja) | 1989-08-17 | 1991-03-29 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | 軸受鋼のソーキング法 |
JPH03126839A (ja) | 1989-10-11 | 1991-05-30 | Nippon Seiko Kk | 軸受用鋼及び転がり軸受 |
JPH05117804A (ja) * | 1991-10-24 | 1993-05-14 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 加工性および転動疲労性に優れた軸受用鋼 |
JPH05271866A (ja) | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-19 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 軸受用鋼 |
JPH07127643A (ja) | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-16 | Nippon Seiko Kk | 転がり軸受 |
JPH09165643A (ja) * | 1995-12-12 | 1997-06-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 転動疲労特性に優れた軸受鋼 |
JP3007834B2 (ja) | 1995-12-12 | 2000-02-07 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 転動疲労特性に優れた軸受鋼 |
JP4050829B2 (ja) | 1998-07-30 | 2008-02-20 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 転動疲労特性に優れた浸炭材 |
JP4066903B2 (ja) | 2003-07-18 | 2008-03-26 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 短時間で浸炭可能な肌焼鋼および浸炭部品 |
JP2012072485A (ja) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-04-12 | Jfe Steel Corp | 転動疲労寿命特性に優れた軸受鋼、軸受用造塊材並びにそれらの製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2762587A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9732395B2 (en) | 2017-08-15 |
CN103827337B (zh) | 2016-02-10 |
KR102127626B1 (ko) | 2020-06-29 |
EP2762587A1 (en) | 2014-08-06 |
CN103827337A (zh) | 2014-05-28 |
JPWO2013046678A1 (ja) | 2015-03-26 |
KR20140073506A (ko) | 2014-06-16 |
JP5433111B2 (ja) | 2014-03-05 |
KR20190049908A (ko) | 2019-05-09 |
KR102011531B1 (ko) | 2019-08-16 |
US20150041026A1 (en) | 2015-02-12 |
EP2762587A4 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
EP2762587B1 (en) | 2016-07-13 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5433111B2 (ja) | 軸受用造塊材および製造方法 | |
JP4775506B1 (ja) | 軸受鋼 | |
JP5400089B2 (ja) | 転動疲労寿命特性に優れた軸受鋼、軸受用造塊材並びにそれらの製造方法 | |
KR101830017B1 (ko) | 침탄 강 부품의 제조 방법 및 침탄 강 부품 | |
KR101520208B1 (ko) | 기소강 및 그의 제조 방법, 및 기소강을 이용한 기계 구조 부품 | |
JP4712838B2 (ja) | 耐水素脆化特性および加工性に優れた高強度冷延鋼板 | |
JP5385656B2 (ja) | 最大結晶粒の縮小化特性に優れた肌焼鋼 | |
JP4775505B1 (ja) | 転動疲労寿命に優れる軸受用造塊材および軸受用鋼の製造方法 | |
JP5503170B2 (ja) | 最大結晶粒の縮小化特性に優れた肌焼鋼 | |
JP2015166495A (ja) | 冷間鍛造性および結晶粒粗大化抑制能に優れた肌焼鋼 | |
JP5600502B2 (ja) | ボルト用鋼、ボルトおよびボルトの製造方法 | |
JP5050515B2 (ja) | クランクシャフト用v含有非調質鋼 | |
JP2017066460A (ja) | 時効硬化性鋼 | |
US10494688B2 (en) | Hot-working tool and manufacturing method therefor | |
JP6462376B2 (ja) | 転動疲労特性に優れた軸受用鋼材および軸受部品 | |
JP6801782B2 (ja) | 鋼及び部品 | |
CN107429359B (zh) | 热轧棒线材、部件及热轧棒线材的制造方法 | |
JP4280923B2 (ja) | 浸炭部品又は浸炭窒化部品用の鋼材 | |
JP7464821B2 (ja) | 軸受軌道用鋼材、および軸受軌道 | |
JP6109730B2 (ja) | 浸炭後の曲げ疲労特性に優れた鋼材およびその製造方法並びに浸炭部品 | |
JP5976581B2 (ja) | 転動疲労特性に優れた軸受用鋼材、および軸受部品 | |
JPH11106863A (ja) | 冷間加工性に優れた機械構造用鋼材及びその製造方法 | |
JP2020164936A (ja) | 浸炭用鋼およびその製造方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12835952 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013527809 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2012835952 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012835952 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20147007914 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14347386 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |